text:
Please wait while we process your payment
Please wait while we process your payment
Please wait while we process your payment
Please wait while we process your payment
Please wait while we process your payment
A ballot, usually sent in the mail, that allows those who cannot go to their precinct on election day to vote.
The belief that the government should have all the power and be able to do whatever it wants.
A view of bureaucracies that argues agency heads seek to expand the size, budget, and power of their agency.
Knowingly printing falsehoods in order to harm a person's reputation.
The bureaucratic function of settling disputes by relying on rules and precedents.
An action by the Supreme Court to uphold a ruling by a lower court; that ruling is now the legally binding one.
Measures to give minorities special consideration for hiring, school admission, and so on, designed to overcome past discrimination.
The gaining of control (direct or indirect) over a government regulatory agency by the industry it regulates.
A type of representation in which the representative is seen as an agent, acting on behalf of the district, who is held accountable if he or she does not do as the constituents wish.
The power of the media to determine which issues will be discussed and debated.
A change to the Constitution.
The belief that freedom trumps all other political considerations; the government should play a small role in people's lives.
The view that the United States is different from other countries.
The belief that the government should promote equality in politics and economics.
The major law banning discrimination against the disabled, it requires employers to make all reasonable accommodations to disabled workers; it passed in 1990.
Literally, a "friend of the court" brief. A brief submitted to the court by a group not involved in the case; it presents further arguments for one side in the case.
The belief that all governments are repressive and should be destroyed.
The authority to review cases heard by lower courts.
The president's power to appoint people to key federal offices.
The act of Congress formally specifying the amount of authorized money that an agency can spend.
America's first national constitution, which loosely bound the states under a weak national Congress.
Journalism that aims to undermine political leaders.
A ballot printed by the government that allows voting to be secret.
A government that can do whatever it wants, without limits.
The ability of the government to exercise power without resorting to violence.
A formal declaration by a congressional committee that a certain amount of money is available to an agency.
A regime in which the government holds all the power.
A rule to judge if speech can be limited: If the speech could lead to some sort of "evil," it can be prohibited.
This Supreme Court Case decided in 1978 that affirmative action is legal as long as race is not the only factor considered.
When a government spends exactly as much as it takes in.
A legislature with two houses.
A state acting in cooperation with another state.
A proposed law or policy.
A bill passed by the legislature that declares a person guilty of a crime.
The first ten amendments to the Constitution, which safeguard some specific rights of the American people and the states.
A law passed in 2002 that banned soft money, put limits on issue advertising, and increased the amount people can donate to candidates; also called the McCain-Feingold bill.
An international system characterized by two superpowers that roughly balance each other.
A primary in which voters can choose candidates from more than one party; declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
A grant-in-aid with few restrictions or rules about how it can be spent.
A weblog on the Internet; the thoughts and opinions of a person or group posted online.
A document submitted to a court that presents one side's argument in a case.
Media that is distributed over the airwaves.
Supreme Court case that ended segregation and declared "separate but equal" to be unconstitutional.
The practice of lumping campaign donations from several donors together.
An administrative way of organizing large numbers of people to work together; usually relies on specialization, hierarchy, and standard operating procedure.
One's ability to purchase things; it is undermined by inflation.
A group, composed of the heads of federal departments and key agencies, that advises the president.
The belief that the powers of church and state should be united in one person.
Campaigns and politics that focus on the candidates, not party labels.
The collection of court decisions that shape law.
Work done by a member of Congress or his or her staff on behalf of constituents.
Money given for a specific purpose that comes with restrictions concerning how the money should be spent. There are two types of categorical grants: project grants and formula grants.
A gathering of political leaders to make decisions, such as which candidate to nominate for an office; set policy; and plot strategy.
Counting the population to determine representation in the House of Representatives; the constitution mandates one every ten years.
The institution with the power to implement monetary policy.
the process by which law- and policymaking becomes centrally located.
An economy where all decisions are made by the government.
A document issued by state government granting certain powers and responsibilities to a local government.
The ability of different branches of government to stop each other from acting; designed to prevent one branch from gaining too much power.
The ceremonial head of government; in the United States, the president serves as chief of state.
A legal member of a political unit.
Education geared toward training the young to be good citizens.
Individual freedoms that the government cannot take away, including free speech, freedom of religion, and the rights of the accused.
The rights of equality under the law.
The major civil rights legislation in the modern era, the Civil Rights Act banned discrimination and segregation in public accommodations.
Supreme Court decision in 1883 that said the Fourteenth Amendment only made discrimination by government illegal; private citizens could do as they pleased.
Government employees hired and promoted based on merit, not political connections.
The first federal personnel agency.
Law that established the federal civil service; also known as the Pendleton Act.
Law that updated and reformed the civil service.
The network of community relationships that builds social capital.
A war fought within a single country between or among different groups of citizens who want to control the government and do not recognize another group's right to rule.
A view that arose in opposition to classical liberalism; it claimed that tradition was very valuable, human reason limited, and stability essential.
A view that arose in the early modern era in Europe; it argues for the value of the individual, the necessity for freedom, the importance of rationalism, and the value of the free market.
A limit on free speech stipulating that speech that constitutes a "clear and present danger" can be banned.
A primary in which the voter must belong to the party in which he or she participates.
A rule on a bill, issued by the House Rules Committee, which limits or bans amendments during floor debate.
A motion to end debate in the Senate, it must be approved by sixty votes.
A policy used in some states with strong social democratic parties that forces large corporations to have substantial representation from the workers on the board of directors
An economy where all decisions are made by the government.
A clause in Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce.
The media's role as an intermediary between the people and the government.
A system of law, originally from England, in which previous decisions guide judges in interpreting the law.
An extreme form of socialism that advocates violent revolution to create a socialist state.
An academic discipline that compares states in order to understand how they work.
Powers exercised simultaneously by the states and the federal government.
An opinion issued by a judge who votes with the winning side but disagrees with the majority or plurality opinion.
A loose relationship among a number of smaller political units.
A system of government with a very weak central government and strong states.
A tendency for people to act the same way, watch the same television programs, read the same books, and so on.
The people in a district represented by a legislator.
A set of rules that govern how power will be distributed and used legitimately in a state.
A type of government characterized by limitations on government power spelled out in a constitution.
A regime in which the use of power is limited by law.
Powers of the president granted explicitly by the Constitution.
A measure passed by Congress that temporarily funds an agency while Congress completes its budget.
Political participation in activities deemed appropriate by most; includes voting, donating to a campaign, and writing letters to officeholders.
A party member or official who goes to the national convention to vote for the party's presidential nominee and to ratify the party's platform.
A term used to describe federalism for most of the twentieth century (and into the twenty-first), where the federal government and the states work closely together and are intertwined; also known as marble-cake federalism.
A series of laws in the early twentieth century that were the first attempts to regulate campaign finance.
Party officials who decide which delegates may participate in the national convention.
An election that marks the advent of a realignment.
The loosening of party ties as more voters see themselves as independents.
A document issued by the court stating who wins the case.
The document written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that broke the colonies away from British rule.
Segregation that exists due to economic and residential patterns, not because of law.
Unfairly hurting a person's reputation.
When a government intentionally spends more money than it takes in.
Segregation imposed by law.
Powers granted by Congress to help the president fulfill his duties.
An approach to economic policy that stresses stimulation of demand by putting more money in the hands of consumers.
Rule by the people.
A peaceful form of socialism that works within democratic governments to attain socialism gradually.
The inability of the U.S. government to get anything significant done because interest groups block all major change.
Declaring that a certain person or group does not have a particular power.
A severe economic downturn that lasts a long time; more serious than a recession.
The repeal or reduction of regulations in order to boost efficiency, increase competitiveness, and benefit consumers.
Threatening to use military force to prevent another state from taking a particular course of action.
The process of the national government giving responsibilities and powers to state, local, or regional governments.
An absolute government in which one person holds all the power and uses it for his or her own self-interest.
The act of negotiating and dealing with other nations in the world, trying to achieve goals without force.
A government in which the people come together to vote on all important issues.
A measure in the House that forces a bill out of a committee for consideration by the whole House.
A court opinion written by the losing side that explains why it disagrees with the decision.
A mix of different cultural and religious traditions and values.
A situation in which one party controls the presidency, while the other controls at least one house of Congress.
The view that the monarch is chosen by God to rule with absolute power over a country.
The practice of dividing a job into smaller component parts and assigning one person or group to do each part.
A term to describe federalism through most of the nineteenth century, where the federal and state governments each had their own issue areas, which rarely overlapped; also known as layer-cake federalism.
Part of the Fourteenth Amendment, which declares that no person can be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.
A term to describe the overwhelming power of the two major parties in American politics.
A federal welfare program that refunds all or part of a poor family's social security tax.
Assistance to other countries designed to help the recipient's economy.
An interest group that seeks material benefits for its members.
The expansion of the economy, leading to the creation of more jobs and more wealth.
The actual percentage of one's income that one pays in taxes, after deductions and tax credits.
Clause in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution that says the Congress has the power to do anything that is necessary and proper in order to carry out its explicit powers; also called the necessary and proper clause.
A member of the Electoral College.
The body that elects the president of the United States; composed of electors from each state equal to that state's representation in Congress; a candidate must get a majority of electoral votes to win.
The view that a small capable group should rule over the rest.
Inherent powers exercised by the president to deal with emergencies.
A state that governs more than one national group, usually as a result of conquest.
A law passed by Congress that lays out the general purposes and powers of an agency but grants the agency the power to determine the details of how it implements policy.
A program under which the federal government is obligated to pay a specified benefit to people who meet certain requirements.
The powers specifically given to Congress in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution.
A statement that must be prepared by the federal government prior to acting that describes how the environment will be affected.
The belief that humans have an obligation to protect the world from the excesses of human habitation, including pollution and the destruction of wilderness.
When all people are given the same chances to compete and achieve so that those with talent and diligence will succeed, whereas others will not.
When all people achieve the same result, regardless of talent or effort.
Part of the Fourteenth Amendment, which states that states must give all citizens the equal protection of the law.
A proposed amendment that would end gender discrimination; it failed to be ratified.
A broadcast media regulation that requires media outlets to give equal amounts of time to opposing candidates in an election.
When all parties to a transaction are treated fairly.
A part of the First Amendment that forbids government establishment of religion.
An economic situation in which the demand for something exceeds the supply.
A legal rule that excludes from trial evidence obtained in an illegal search.
The view that the president should have strong influence over the bureaucracy.
A set of agencies that work closely with the president to help him perform his job.
An order issued by the president that has the effect of law.
The right of officials of the executive branch to refuse to disclose some information to other branches of government or to the public.
A law that declares something illegal after it has been done.
The specific powers given to Congress or the president by the Constitution; also called the enumerated powers.
A broadcast media regulation that requires a broadcaster that airs a controversial program to also provide airtime to people with an opposing view.
An elector who votes for someone other than the candidate who won the most votes in the state.
Ideology from Italy that stresses national unity, a strong expansionist military, and absolute rule by one party.
A document detailing how the federal government will spend money during a fiscal year.
The federal agency that regulates the broadcast media.
A law, passed in 1971, that limited expenditures on media advertising and required disclosure of donations above $100; made more stringent following the Watergate scandal.
The independent agency established in 1974 to enforce campaign finance laws.
A system of government in which power is shared by national and state governments.
A federal publication that lists all executive orders.
The name of the central bank of the United States; often called the Fed.
A system of government where power is shared between the central government and state and local governments.
The belief that women are equal to men and should be treated equally by the law.
A Senate tactic; a senator in the minority on a bill holds the floor (in effect shutting down the Senate) until the majority backs down and kills the bill.
A gathering of representatives from all thirteen colonies in 1774; it called for a total boycott of British goods in protest against taxes.
The practice of states spending federal money to help administer national programs.
How the government influences the economy through taxing, borrowing, and spending.
A twelve-month period (which does not coincide with the calendar year) used for accounting and budget purposes by the federal government.
A political organization, not affiliated with a party, that can raise and spend soft money; named after a section of the Internal Revenue Code.
A taxation system in which everyone is charged the same rate, regardless of income.
Coupons issued by the government that can be used to purchase food.
A state's international goals and its strategies to achieve those goals.
Another term for standard operating procedure.
Grants in which a formula is used to determine how much money each state receives.
The men who wrote the Constitution.
The ability of members of Congress to mail informational literature to constituents free of charge.
The part of the First Amendment that forbids the government from interfering in the free exercise of religion.
A person who benefits from an interest group's efforts without actually contributing to those efforts.
Moving primaries up in the campaign calendar so that many primaries are held early in the campaign.
The candidate perceived to be in the lead in an election campaign.
A clause in Article IV of the Constitution that declares that state governments must give full faith and credit to other state governments' decisions.
The belief that a religious document is infallible and literally true.
An order by a court to block people from talking or writing about a trial.
Treating people differently and unequally because of gender.
An election contest between all party nominees and independent candidates; the winner becomes a member of Congress.
A court's power to hear cases, which is mostly unrestricted.
The term used to describe the process by which the party that controls the state government uses redistricting to its own political advantage.
An 1824 Supreme Court case that gave the federal government extensive powers through the commerce clause.
Supreme Court case of 1963 that ordered governments to provide an attorney to criminal defendants who cannot afford one.
The trend toward the breakdown of state borders and the rise of international and global organizations and governments.
The organization of power within a country.
Congress's main investigative agency, the GAO investigates operations of government agencies as part of congressional oversight.
A promissory note issued by the government to pay back the purchase price plus interest.
A federal agency that operates like a corporation (following business practices and charging for services) but receives some federal funding.
A voting law that stated that a person could vote if his grandfather was eligible to vote prior to 1867; designed to keep blacks from voting.
A general term to describe federal aid given to the states for a particular matter.
Declaring that a certain person or group has a specific power.
Efforts to influence the government by mobilizing large numbers of people.
The compromise plan on representation in the constitutional convention; it created a bicameral legislature with representation determined by population in one house and equality in the other; also known as the Connecticut Compromise.
The total value of all economic transactions within a state.
A war in which one or both combatants use small, lightly armed militia units rather than professional, organized armies; guerrilla fighters usually seek to topple their government, often enjoying the support of the people.
Policies that aim at regulating and reducing the use of firearms.
A law passed in 1939 that restricts the participation of federal civil servants in political campaigns.
An arrangement of power with a small number of people at the top issuing orders through a chain of command to lower-level workers; each person is responsible to someone above him or her.
The granting of significant autonomy to local governments by state governments.
The way a member of Congress behaves in his or her district.
The first few months of an administration in which the public, members of Congress, and the media tend to give the president their goodwill.
How state governments relate to one another.
The idea that there are too many interest groups competing for benefits.
The view that states should act in the global arena to promote moral causes and use ethical means to achieve them.
A set of beliefs a person holds that shape the way he or she behaves and sees the world.
Political activity that includes illegal actions, such as sabotage or assassination.
The power of the House of Representatives to charge an officeholder with crimes; the Senate then holds a trial to determine if the officeholder should be expelled from office.
The act of putting laws into practice.
Powers given to the national government by the necessary and proper clause.
The way income is distributed among the population.
A government action that takes money from one part of the citizenry and gives it to another part; usually the transfer goes from the well-off to the poor.
The practice of federal courts forcing state governments to abide by the Bill of Rights.
The tendency of policy in the United States to change gradually, in small ways, rather than dramatically.
A person who does not feel affiliation for any party.
A federal agency that is not part of any department; its leader reports directly to the president.
A federal agency charged with regulating some part of the economy; in theory, such agencies are independent of Congress and the president.
The idea that all people are different and should be able to make their own choices.
The increase of prices.
The educational benefits people derive from belonging to an interest group and learning more about the issues they care about.
The powers inherent to the national government because the United States is a sovereign nation.
Government aid to poor people that is not given as cash but in forms such as food stamps and rent vouchers.
Interest groups' efforts to influence government by direct and close contact with government officials; also known as lobbying.
An organization of people who share a common interest and work together to protect and promote that interest by influencing the government.
An understanding between states to restrict their behavior and set up rules governing international affairs.
The view that the United States should play an active role in world affairs.
A set of agreements, traditions, and norms built up over time that restricts what states can do; not always binding.
An institution set up by agreements between nations, such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organization.
The basic structures that affect how states relate to one another, including rules and traditions.
Media that is distributed online.
Reporting that states the facts along with analysis and interpretation.
When a state sends military forces to help a country that is already at war.
An alliance of groups with an interest in a policy area: bureaucrats from the relevant agency, legislators from appropriate committees, and interest groups affected by the issue.
The view that the United States should largely ignore the rest of the world.
Advertising, paid for by outside groups, that can criticize or praise a candidate but not explicitly say "vote for X" or "vote against X."
A collection of actors who agree on a policy and work together to shape policy.
Laws passed by southern states that imposed inequality and segregation on blacks.
A group that helps the president make strategy decisions and evaluates the needs and capabilities of the military.
A judicial philosophy that argues courts must take an active positive role to remedy wrongs in the country.
The process of enforcing a court's ruling.
A set of ideas that shape how a judge or lawyer interprets the law and the Constitution.
A judicial philosophy that believes the court's responsibility is to interpret the law, not set policy.
The power of the courts to declare laws and presidential actions unconstitutional.
A court's power to hear cases of a particular type.
A matter that the courts can review.
A theory of ethics that defines when war is morally permissible and what means of warfare are justified.
A demand-side economic policy, first presented by John Maynard Keynes after World War I, that encouraged deficit spending by governments during economic recessions in order to provide jobs and boost income.
An informal name for the president's closest advisers.
An international treaty aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
The economic philosophy that the government should not interfere with the economy.
The power to make rules that are binding on all people in a society.
A term used to describe federalism through most of the nineteenth century, in which the federal and state governments each had their own issue areas, that rarely overlapped; also known as dual federalism.
A series of laws a person wishes to pass.
Acceptance by citizens of the government.
A three-part test to determine if the establishment clause has been violated; named for the 1971 case Lemon v. Kurtzman.
Printing false statements that defame a person's character.
A theory of international relations that deemphasizes the importance of military power in favor of economic power, trade, and international institutions.
The belief that government should be small and most decisions left up to the individual.
The freedom to do what one chooses as long as one does not harm or limit the freedom of other people.
A government that places few restrictions on its citizens' choices and actions, and in which the government is limited in what it can do.
A court's power to hear only certain kinds of cases.
A war fought primarily between professional armies to achieve specific political objectives without causing widespread destruction.
A special type of veto that the president can use to strike the specific parts of the bill he or she dislikes without rejecting the entire bill.
In the government bureaucracy, an agency whose head reports directly to the president.
Historically, a test that must be passed before a person can vote; designed to prevent blacks from voting.
Attempting to persuade government officials through direct contact via persuasion and the provision of material benefits; also known as the inside game.
A practice in Congress where two or more members agree to support each other's bills.
A part of a tax code that allows individuals or businesses to reduce their tax burden.
A judicial philosophy that believes the Constitution should be interpreted in an open way, not limited to things explicitly stated.
A very strong party organization that turns favors and patronage into votes.
A structure of government proposed by James Madison that avoided tyranny by separating power among different branches and building checks and balances into the Constitution.
(1) In the House, the second-ranking member of the majority party; (2) in the Senate, the highest-ranking member of the majority party.
A court opinion that reflects the reasoning of the majority of justices.
In a legislative body, the party with more than half of the seats.
The idea that the government should act in accordance with the will of the majority of people.
An apportionment of seats in Congress that is unfair due to population shifts.
When the federal government requires states to do certain things.
An employment policy that states that when an employee reaches a certain age, he or she must retire.
A term used to describe federalism for most of the twentieth century (and into the twenty-first), where the federal government and the states work closely together and are intertwined; also known as cooperative federalism.
When a Congressional committee revises a bill in session.
The lure of a concrete benefit, usually money, that attracts people to join a group.
The popular informal name for the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2002; it is named after its sponsors, Republican John McCain and Democrat Russell Feingold.
A Supreme Court case that granted the federal government extensive power to carry out its enumerated powers.
Basing benefits from a policy on a person's wealth so that poor people get more benefits than rich people.
Information and the organizations that distribute that information to the public.
The trend toward a few large corporations owning most of the media outlets in the country.
The practice of hiring and promoting people based on skill.
A board that investigates charges of wrongdoing in the federal civil service.
A congressional election that does not coincide with a presidential election.
Assistance to other countries designed to strengthen the recipient's military.
The alliance of defense contractors, the military, and some members of Congress that promotes a large defense budget in order to profit themselves.
In both the House and Senate, the leader of the minority party.
In a legislative body, the party with fewer than half of the seats.
A 1966 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that police must inform suspects of their rights when arrested.
An economy that includes elements of the free market and central planning.
A regime in which all power is held by a single person.
An economic policy that seeks to control the supply of money in the economy.
A view of the bureaucracy that says bureaucracies have no incentive to reform or improve performance because they face no competition.
An American policy, set by President James Monroe in 1823, that claims America's right to intervene in the affairs of Western Hemisphere nations.
The idea that Americans should learn about and respect the many cultural heritages of the people of the United States.
The idea that nations should act together to solve problems.
A business that operates in more than one country.
A legislative district that sends more than one person to the legislature.
An international system with more than two major powers.
A large group of people who are linked by a similar culture, language, and history.
A convention held by a political party every four years to nominate candidates for president and vice president and to ratify the party platform.
Money owed by a government.
Things that will benefit and protect a state.
A belief in the goodness of one's nation and a desire to help make the nation stronger and better.
A part of the White House Staff that advises the president on security policy.
The task of creating a national identity through promotion of common culture, language, and history.
A state that rules over a single nation.
Political ideology from Germany that stressed the superiority of the German race, authoritarian rule by one party, military expansion, and a longing for a mythical past.
A clause at the end of Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress the power to do whatever is necessary and proper to carry out its duties; also known as the elastic clause.
Something that is believed to be needed but is not good in and of itself; many Americans see government as a necessary evil.
A federal rule-making process that includes those affected by the rules.
A recent development in American conservatism that believes the power of the state should be used to promote conservative goals.
The supporters of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal; the coalition included labor unions, Catholics, southern whites, and African Americans; helped the Democrats dominate politics from the 1930s until the 1960s.
An American movement, starting in the 1970s, to return power to state and local governments, thereby decreasing the amount of power held by the federal government.
A plan at the constitutional convention that gave each state equal representation in the legislature.
The belief that in order to remake society, one must first destroy the current society.
Passed in 1920, it gave women the right to vote.
A law passed in 2001 that expanded federal funding to schools but required increased testing and accountability.
An interest group that works on noneconomic issues; also called a citizens' group.
A participant in the international arena that is not part of a government; such participants include nongovernmental organizations, multinational corporations, and international organizations.
A political actor that is not affiliated with a particular government. Many NGOs are nonprofit institutions run by private citizens, such as the Red Cross, Doctors Without Borders, and the Catholic Church.
An international treaty, signed in 1968, that aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons.
Reporting only the facts with no opinion or bias.
A ballot that groups candidates by office: All candidates for an office are listed together; also called the Massachusetts ballot.
The central federal personnel office, created in 1978.
Rule by the wealthy few.
A person who investigates complaints against government agencies or employees.
A primary in which a person can participate in any party's primary as long as he or she participates in only one party's primary.
A rule on a bill, issued by the House Rules Committee, allowing amendments during floor debate.
A document issued by a court explaining the reasons for its decision.
A person whose opinion can shape the opinions of many others.
A judicial philosophy that states that judges should seek to interpret the law and the constitution in line with the intent of the founders.
The authority to be the first court to hear a case.
A term used to describe grassroots activism and other means to influence elections and policymaking.
An excess of regulation that hurts efficiency.
Congress's power to make sure laws are being properly enforced.
The idea that journalists frequently copy and imitate each other rather than doing independent reporting.
When many people vote because they wish to make a difference, but the actual chances of making a difference are infinitesimally small.
A release from punishment for criminal conviction; the president has the power to pardon.
A regime in which the legislature chooses the executive branch.
Journalism that advances the viewpoint of a political party.
A person who is deeply involved with a party; usually more ideologically extreme than an average party voter.
Campaigns and politics that focus on party labels and platforms.
A ballot that groups candidates by party; also called the Indiana ballot.
Feeling connected to a political party.
The role and function of parties in government, particularly in Congress.
Party identification among voters.
The formal structure and leadership of a political party.
The collection of issue positions endorsed by a political party.
Measures aimed at opening up party leadership adopted by the major parties following the 1968 election.
Government jobs and contracts given out to political allies in exchange for support.
Another name for the Civil Service Reform Act of 1883.
An unsigned decision issued by an appellate court; it reaffirms the lower court's ruling.
The ability of a committee to kill a bill by setting it aside and not acting on it.
The Supreme Court case of 1896 that upheld a Louisiana law segregating passengers on trains; it created the separate but equal doctrine.
The view that society contains numerous centers of power and many people participate in making decisions for society.
More votes than any other candidate but not a majority.
An opinion written by the majority of justices on the winning side.
An unusual type of presidential veto: When the president neither signs nor vetoes a bill, after ten days the bill dies if Congress is not in session.
An organization, usually allied with an interest group, that can donate money to political campaigns.
Federal bureaucrats appointed by the president, often to reward loyalty.
The set of beliefs, values, shared myths, and notions of a good polity that a group of people hold.
The study of how politics and economics interact.
The belief that the government listens to normal people and that participation can make a difference in government.
Treating everyone the same way in the realm of politics.
Engaging in actions to achieve political goals.
An alliance of like-minded people who work together to win elections and control of the government.
The systematic, rigorous study of politics.
The process by which political culture is passed on to the young.
The process by which government decisions are made.
Assessing public opinion by asking people what they think and feel.
A person who conducts polls.
A fee for voting, designed to keep blacks and other poor people from voting.
A regime in which the government must respond to the wishes of the people.
A political movement in the late nineteenth century that fought on behalf of the poor workers and farmers; fused with the Democratic Party in 1896.
Money spent by Congress for local projects that are not strictly necessary and are designed to funnel money into a district.
The federal standard for poverty: Anyone below a certain income level is considered poor.
The ability to get others to do what you want.
The ability of Congress to spend money; all federal expenditures must be authorized by Congress.
A court ruling bearing on subsequent court cases.
The practice of the national government overriding state and local laws in the name of the national interest.
A body that advises the president on some problem, making recommendations; some are temporary, whereas others are permanent.
A regime in which the president and the legislators must be entirely separate.
In the vice president's absence, the presiding officer of the Senate.
An election within a party to choose the party's nominee for the office.
Media distributed via printed materials.
Stopping free expression before it happens.
A bill that offers benefit or relief to a single person, named in the bill.
A good that benefits only some people, such as members of a group.
The practice of private companies providing government services.
Part of the Fourteenth Amendment, which forbids state governments from taking away any of the privileges and immunities of American citizenship.
A sampling technique in which each member of the population has a known chance of being chosen for the sample.
A state legislature that meets in session for long periods, pays its members well, and hires large support staffs for legislators.
A taxation system in which the rich must pay a higher percentage of their income than the poor.
The powers specifically denied to the national government by the Constitution.
Categorical grant programs in which states submit proposals for projects to the federal government and the national government chooses which to fund on a competitive basis.
An electoral system in which each party gets a number of seats in the legislature proportionate to its percentage of the vote.
Making a vote choice by looking to the future: Voters choose the candidate(s) they believe will help the country the most in the next few years.
A war fought by third parties rather than by the enemy states themselves.
The task of running the government, and providing services through policy implementation.
Another term for welfare.
Informing the public about key issues and about what Congress is doing about those issues.
A good that benefits everyone, not just some; also called collective good.
The basic attitudes and opinions of the general public.
Any rule, plan, or action pertaining to issues of domestic national importance.
The role of the media to act as a representative of the public, holding government officials accountable to the people.
The lure of a desire to promote a cause.
A significant boost in presidential popularity when a foreign crisis arises.
A sampling technique to ensure that each person in the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.
The senior committee member from the minority party.
The practice of organizations rating members of Congress based on votes that matter to the organizations and their members.
An approach that assumes people act rationally in their self-interest, seeking to maximize value.
The belief that human reason can find solutions to many of our problems.
A dramatic shift in the balance of the two parties that changes the key issues dividing the parties.
A theory of international relations that stresses the importance of power (particularly military power) and claims that states act in their national interest.
The process of reallocating representation in the House of Representatives after a census; some states will gain seats, while other will lose them.
An economic downturn; milder than a depression.
A government action that takes money from one part of the citizenry and gives it to another part; usually the transfer goes from the well-off to the poor; also known as income transfer.
Redrawing district boundaries after a state loses or gains seats in the House of Representatives.
A word used to describe a particular government.
A taxation system that costs the poor a larger portion of their income than it does the rich because the amount of tax gets smaller as the amount to which the tax is applied gets larger.
The practice of the national government imposing standards and regulations on state governments.
Government policies that limit what businesses can do; examples include minimum wages, workplace safety measures, and careful monitoring of stock sales.
Sending a case back to a lower court for a new trial or proceeding.
A voucher issued by the government that can be used to pay all or part of a poor person's rent.
A system of government in which the people elect officials to represent their interests in the government.
A sample that resembles the population as a whole.
A formal postponement of the execution of a criminal sentence; the president has the power to grant reprieves.
A regime that runs by representative democracy.
Significantly changing government regulations on an industry.
The powers reserved to the states and the people in the Tenth Amendment.
A party that is strong enough to carry out a specific platform if elected to office.
A state election, held in states using the merit plan for selecting judges, in which voters are asked whether a judge should keep his or her job.
Making a vote choice by looking to the past: Voters support incumbents if they feel that the country has done well over the past few years.
A government agency that raises money by collecting taxes or fees.
The practice of the federal government giving money to the states with no strings attached; started by the Nixon Administration and ended by the Reagan Administration.
When a court overturns a lower court's ruling, declaring it void.
Discrimination against majority-status people due to affirmative action policies.
A major event causing a fundamental change in a state.
An amendment attached to a bill that has nothing to do with the bill itself.
A media regulation that requires broadcasters to give people an opportunity to reply to criticisms aired on the outlet.
Rights held by the minority that must be respected by the majority.
A 1973 Supreme Court case that legalized abortion during the first trimester.
A state that does not follow international law or unspoken rules of the global arena.
Occurs when each member's vote is recorded.
A form of individualism that emphasizes self-reliance and ignoring what others want and think.
The bureaucratic function of creating rules needed to implement policy.
An informal rule in the Supreme Court: Four justices must agree to hear a case for the Court to issue a writ of certiorari.
A group of people who are used to stand in for the whole population in a poll.
Mistakes in polls caused by bad samples.
Government money given to parents to help pay for tuition at private schools.
The governing body over the colonies during the revolution that drafted the Articles of Confederation to create the first national government.
The lure of benefits that only group members will receive.
Forcing states to abide by only parts of the Bill of Rights, not the whole thing.
A person who chooses to run for office on his or her own initiative.
A tradition in which a Senator, if he or she is of the president's party, gets input into nominees for federal judgeships in his or her state.
Dividing up governmental power among several branches.
Unwanted and inappropriate physical or verbal conduct of a sexual nature that interferes with doing one's job or creates a hostile work environment.
A 1786 uprising of Massachusetts farmers against high taxes and debt.
A message attached to a bill the president signs, explaining his or her understanding of the bill.
A legislative district that sends only one person to the legislature.
A sample that is not representative and leads to inaccurate polling results; a deceptive practice used to manipulate public opinion.
Publicly stating things that the speaker knows to be untrue that hurt a person's reputation.
Mutual trust and habits of cooperation that are acquired by people through involvement in community organizations and volunteer groups.
Political view that the free market breeds servitude and inequality and should be abolished.
A social insurance program that aims to keep retired people and the disabled out of poverty.
A type of representation in which the representative resembles the constituents in ethnic, religious, racial, social, or educational ways.
Unregulated money raised by parties and spent to influence elections indirectly; banned by the 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act.
A high-ranking Justice Department official who submits requests for writs of certiorari to the Supreme Court on behalf of the federal government; he or she also usually argues cases for the government in front the Court.
The lure of a social benefit, such as friendship, gained by members of an organization.
The right to exercise political power in a territory.
The leader of the House of Representatives, elected by the majority party.
A type of local government designed to meet a very specific need.
An election to replace a member of Congress who leaves office in between regular elections.
The practice of a group or person becoming extremely knowledgeable and skilled at one specific task.
A third party formed when a faction from a major party breaks off and forms its own party.
Voting for candidates from one party for some offices and from the other party for other offices.
A losing candidate who costs another candidate the election.
The practice of an elected officials rewarding supporters and allies by giving them government jobs.
A person who works for Congress in a supporting capacity.
A set of rules established in a bureaucracy that dictate how workers respond to different situations so that all workers respond in the same way.
The legal doctrine of following precedent.
A political unit that has sovereign power over a particular piece of land.
The exercise of power, guided by wisdom, in pursuit of the public good.
A constitutionally mandated message, given by the president to Congress, in which the president lays out plans for the coming year.
A law passed by Congress, a state legislature, or some other government body.
A view of presidential power, put forward by Theodore Roosevelt, arguing that the president is uniquely suited to act for the well-being of the whole nation because he or she is elected by the whole nation.
Voting for only candidates from one party.
A judicial philosophy that argues that constitutional interpretation should be limited to the specific wording of the document.
Identification with small ethnic and regional groups within a nation.
The right to vote; also called the franchise.
Expiration dates written into some federal programs; Congress can renew the program if it is satisfied that the program is achieving its objectives.
Laws that require government agencies to hold public proceedings on a regular basis.
A party leader or elected official who is automatically granted delegate status for the national convention; superdelegates do not have to be chosen in primaries.
A term used to describe primary elections held in a large number of states on the same day.
A federal program that provides a minimum income to seniors and the disabled who do not qualify for social security.
An attempt to improve the economy by providing big tax cuts to businesses and wealthy individuals (the supply side). These cuts encourage investment, which then creates jobs, so the effect will be felt throughout the economy; also known as trickle-down economics.
The part of Article VI of the Constitution that specifies that the federal Constitution, and laws passed by the federal government, are the supreme law of the land.
The doctrine that national law takes priority over state law; included in the Constitution as the supremacy clause.
When a government spends less money than it takes in.
Actions that are intended to convey a belief.
How power is distributed among different parts and levels of the state.
A radio format featuring a host who interviews guests that is often very partisan.
A reduction in one's tax burden designed to help certain people.
A federal welfare program that provides money to poor families.
Limits on the number of terms an elected official can serve.
The use of violent tactics with the aim of creating fear and destabilizing a government; frequently targets civilians.
In American politics, any political party other than the Democrats and Republicans.
A compromise on how to count slaves for determining population; slaves were counted as three-fifths of a person.
A regime in which the government controls every facet of life.
A highly destructive total war in which combatants use every resource available to destroy the social fabric of the enemy.
Something that lies beyond the boundaries of a nation-state or consists of several nation-states.
An attempt to improve the economy by providing big tax cuts to businesses and wealthy individuals (the supply side). These cuts encourage investment, which then creates jobs, so the effect will be felt throughout the economy; also known as supply-side economics.
A type of representation in which the people choose a representative whose judgment and experience they trust. The representative votes for what he or she thinks is right, regardless of the opinions of the constituents.
When the majority violate the rights of the minority.
Political activity that, although legal, is not considered appropriate by many people; it includes demonstrations, boycotts, and protests.
When people who seek work can only find part-time jobs.
When not everyone who wants a job can find one.
A mandate for which the federal government gives the states no money.
A state acting alone in the global arena.
An international system with a single superpower dominating other states.
A system of government where power is concentrated in the hands of the central government.
The idea that people overwhelmingly support the government and share certain common beliefs even if they disagree about particular policies.
A fee charged by the government to do certain things (e.g., paying a toll to use a tunnel).
The power of the president to stop a bill passed by Congress from becoming law.
A message written by the president, attached to a bill he or she has vetoed, which explains the reasons for the veto.
A plan at the constitutional convention to base representation in the legislature on population.
The percentage of citizens who vote in an election.
A term used to describe the motives and factors that shape voters' choices.
A law passed in 1965 that banned discrimination in voter registration requirements.
Passed by Congress in 1973, the War Powers Resolution demands that the president consult with Congress when sending troops into action; it also gives Congress the power to force withdrawal of troops.
The "inside the beltway" group that closely follows politics and constantly evaluates the relative power of politicians.
Journalism that attempts to hold government officials and institutions accountable for their actions.
The model of bureaucracy developed by sociologist Max Weber that characterizes bureaucracy as a rational and efficient means of organizing a large group of people.
The term for the set of policies designed to help those in economic need.
The term to describe the government or country that provides aid to the poor and help to the unemployed.
A member of the leadership of a legislative body responsible for counting votes and connecting the leadership with the rank and file.
A person who reports wrongdoing in a government agency.
The people with whom the president works every day.
The practice of political parties only allowing whites to participate in their primaries.
An electoral system in which the person with the most votes wins everything (and everyone else loses); most states have winner-take-all systems for determining electoral votes.
The legal document, issued by the Supreme Court, that orders a lower court to send a case to the Supreme Court for review.
A court order requiring that the government show cause for detaining someone and charge him or her with a crime.
Journalism that focuses on shocking and sordid stories to sell newspapers.
Please wait while we process your payment


text:
The Washington Capitals have re-signed right-wing Tom Wilson to a two-year, $4 million contract, senior vice president and general manager Brian MacLellan announced today.
Wilson will earn $1.75 million in 2016-17 and $2.25 million in 2017-18. Tom communicated to Caps Nation late Thursday afternoon via Twitter:
Beyond excited to be back in DC for two years. See you guys soon!!
— Tom Wilson (@tom_wilso) June 30, 2016
Former teammate Michael Latta congratulated Wilson via Twitter as well:
Where we going for dinner tonight @tom_wilso #dinneronyou #summeronyou congrats bro. You deserve every dollar.
— Michael Latta (@Latta17) June 30, 2016
The Capitals also announced the re-signing of forward Zach Sill earlier in the afternoon on Thursday:
The Washington Capitals have re-signed forward Zach Sill to a two-year, two-way contract.
— Isabelle Khurshudyan (@ikhurshudyan) June 30, 2016
Zach Sill (#Caps)
2 yrs 2-way @ $612,500 cap
2017: $650,000 NHL | $315,000 AHLhttps://t.co/Su8Kw7GV6V
— General Fanager (@generalfanager) June 30, 2016
From Capitals Press-Release:
Wilson, 22, registered 23 points (seven goals, 16 assists) and 163 penalty minutes in 82 games with Washington last season. The 6'4", 215-pound right wing set career highs in points, goals, assists and plus/minus (+4) and played in all 82 games for the second time in his three-season NHL career. Wilson led the Capitals and ranked third in the NHL in penalty minutes (163) last season and led Washington and ranked 10th in the NHL in hits (253). He scored his first career game-winning goal against Columbus on March 28 and tallied four multi-point games in 2015-16. Wilson played in his 200th NHL/Capitals game against Philadelphia on Feb. 7, becoming the fifth player in franchise history to play 200 games before his 22nd birthday (Bob Carpenter, Scott Stevens, Gaetan Duchesne, Kevin Hatcher).
Wilson has earned 50 points (14 goals, 36 assists) and 486 penalty minutes in 231 career NHL games with Washington. He has led the Capitals in penalty minutes in each of his three NHL seasons. The Toronto native was drafted by Washington in the first round, 16th overall, in the 2012 NHL Draft. He ranks first in penalty minutes (486) and fifth in games played (231) among the 2012 NHL Draft class.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
(CultureMap Austin) The Live Music Capital doesn't have much by way of a legitimized musical institution (which may make it more charming depending on how you feel about institutions). But Austin City Limits (ACL) is the clearest anchoring force for Austin music, with its Hall of Fame as the peak honor an artist can receive. This year, two more artists, Sheryl Crow and Joe Ely, are joining the ranks.
Crow, one of the most ubiquitous singer-songwriters of the '90s and beyond — with nine Grammy wins and seven No. 1 adult alternative singles — doesn't have much of a Texas connection outside of the country flavor she imbued on her pop hits. It's tempting to call it a crossover, but Crow started with one foot in country, one foot in folk rock, and a head for radio. Although she didn't spend lots of time in the Lone Star State, she played two hourlong performances on ACL and hosted the 40th anniversary special in 2014, the same year the Hall of Fame was established.
"I have always loved Austin City Limits," said Crow in the announcement. "Some of my favorite performances have been on that show. I am so humbled to be honored by such an iconic and prestigious program. It is a dream come true for me to be inducted into the ACL Hall of Fame."
Joe Ely, on the other hand, is inseparable from Texas. From rockabilly to country ballads, Ely embodies the honky-tonk experience. Hailing from West Texas, he created a lasting reputation playing thousands of live shows. He never made anything like Crow's radio impact, but as such hasn't been torn from Texas' possessive grasp. The lyricist wrote two books, served as Texas State Musician in 2016, formed Lubbock supergroup The Flatlanders, had a minor acting career, and is widely regarded as one of the country songwriting and live performance greats.
"I first played Austin City Limits back in 1980. It was more a local show then, but it kept getting a wider and wider audience," said Ely in the release. "It's since become one of the most important live performance shows on television simply because they've always maintained the highest quality production and brought in great talent. I'm really honored to be part of that history, and I'm humbled to be inducted into the Hall of Fame."
Last year, the Hall of Fame inducted alternative country heroes Wilco, who were relatively young compared to past inductees and one of only four bands; and legendary country singer-songwriter Lucinda Williams, who helped modernize and expand the genre, especially for other independent women artists.
Read the full story on CultureMap.


text:
Android phones and tablets are just like computers. They must be not as powerful, but they are extremely portable. As portable computers, they can be used to send emails, browse the web, watch YouTube videos, and all sorts of stuff that you can also do on your desktop or laptop. Yes—-including printing.
With the invention of cloud based printing technologies and services, as well as cloud ready printers and apps, printing is no longer an impossibility on your android phone and tablet.
Connecting your classic printer to Google cloud printer
Some printers let you print from your Android phone or tablet over a WiFi, Bluetooth, or USB connection. However, if your printer does not have such capabilities, you can register your printer to Google Cloud Print, a technology and service that lets you connect your printer to the web, making your printers accessible to you wherever you are. You can also make your printers accessible to your friends or print documents from your mobile device.
Google cloud print mostly works with printers.But, for best experience, a cloud ready printer is recommended. Those kinds of printers can be directly connected to the internet and does not want a computer for its work. Google keeps its growing list of cloud ready printers compatible with and supported in Google cloud print.
If your printer doesn't have cloud capabilities, you can still connect your classic printer to Google cloud print via your computer. For this to work, you will need a Google account and the Google chrome browser on your computer.(If you are using Windows XP, make sure Windows XP Service Pack 3 is installed on your PC.)
The steps below describe how to set up your local printer for use with Google Cloud Print:
- Launch Google Chrome on your computer.
- Click the Menu button (represented by an icon showing 3 horizontal bars) at the upper-right corner of the window.
- Select Settings.
- Click Show advanced settings.
- Scroll down to the Google Cloud Print section and click Add printers.
- Log in to your Google Account to enter Google Cloud Print
- A confirmation message appears on the next screen. This will register the printer that is connected to the computer. Click Add Printer(s) to confirm.
- Your printer is now registered with Google Cloud Print.
Google Chrome acts as a go between your printer and Google cloud print. When you are printing something from your mobile via Google cloud print, you actually send your data from your mobile device to Google cloud print, which forwards it to Google Chrome, which in turn tells your PC to print the document on the attached printer. So in order to print via cloud print, you must always make sure that your PC is connected to the internet, that you are logged into your Google account in Google Chrome, and that your printer is on.
Printing from your phone or tablet
Now that your printer is accessible via Google Cloud Print, it's time to print from your Android phone or tablet. For that, you will need Google's official Cloud Print app for Android.
- Download, install, and launch Cloud Print on your Android phone or tablet.
- Set your Google account, making sure that you use the same account as the one you registered on Google Cloud Print.
- Tap the printer icon to select a file to print. You can select a file from Google Drive, Dropbox, Gallery, and other file manager apps on your device.
- The next screen will show you a list of your printers registered on Google Cloud Print. Select one printer.
- The print preview page will appear. You will be able to set the orientation of the document, media size, DPI, and the number of copies.
- Once all are set, tap the paper plane icon at the top row to send the data to Google Cloud Print and print your document.
Printing Web pages and Gmail messages
Printing Web pages can also be possible through cloud print. You just need to open your Android Browsers Menu, tap share, and select Cloud print. From here, you can then print the web page to any of your printers registered on Cloud print.
If your phone or tablets internet browser supports printing functionally, you can directly send the Web page to your printer over a WiFi, Bluetooth or USB connection.
As for printing of Gmail messages, Google's Gmail app for Android doesn't have the option that allows the recipient to print your mails. But, when u access your Gmail account through a Web browser app, you can be able to print your mails. You just need to open your Gmail message in your browser, tap the arrow to reveal additional buttons, and just select the print icon. Then you will be directly taken to the Google cloud print to print your mails.
Third Party Printing Apps
There are several third party printing apps available on Google play store, including such apps as Cloud print (By Paulo Fernandes) and PrinterShare Mobile Print (By Mobile Dynamix)
Cloud Print From Paulo Fernandes
The developer Paulo Fernandes 's Cloud print app for Android may have the same name as Google's official app for its own service of the same name, but the two apps are totally different from each other. They both, however, use the Cloud Print service to allow printing from phones or tablet.
There is a free version of Fernandes's app which comes with ad support and has certain features which are restricted, but the app is generally still usable. You can also upgrade to its premium version for about US$3.00 to remove the ads and remove the feature restrictions.
Here are the general steps for using Paulo Fernandes's Cloud Print app:
- Download, install, and launch Paulo Fernandes's Cloud Print app on your Android device
- Select or add a Google account that you registered with Google Cloud Print.
- On the next screen, select a printer registered to your Google Cloud Print account. You can either select Google Cloud Print ready printer, HP ePrint printer, or Other Printers.
- A list of registered printers will be shown on the screen. Select one that you want to use.
- On the next screen, tap Print test page to check if your printer has successfully connected to Google Cloud Print. Or, you can tap the arrow at the bottom of the screen to skip this step.
- Once the app and printer have been set, you can now print from your Android phone or tablet using the Cloud Print app.
What i personally like about this app that it allows you to print your SMS messages, you can also scan documents by taking a picture and then print them afterwards, you can also create scribbles or drawings for printing later, or just jot down notes and print them later.This app also allows you to access your Dropbox and Box files, Facebook images, Google Drive Files, Gmail attachments, and Google calendar events and print those files from within the app.
PrinterShare Mobile Print
The PrinterShare Mobile Print also uses Google's Cloud Print service to connect to your printer and Android phone or tablet via the cloud. This apps free version includes the following features:
- Perform a printer test to printers connected via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or USB
- Free and unlimited printing via Google Cloud Print
- Print up to 20 pages over the internet with Remote mode.You can upgrade to its premium version for about US$13.00 to be able to connect and print to your printer via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or USB. The premium version also lets you print to shared Windows or Mac printers nearby, as well as print without limit with Remote Mode.
Here are the general steps for using PrinterShare Mobile Print:
- Download, install, and launch PrinterShare Mobile print on your Android phone or tablet.
- Open the settings menu and tap Select Printer.
- On the next screen, select your printer connection type. You can connect via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, USB, Google Cloud Printer, or through a Remote Printer. For now select Google Cloud Printer. (NOTE: If you're using the free version and you connect your device to your printer via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or USB, you will only be able to perform a printer test unless you purchase the premium key.
- Select a Google account and the printer registered on your Google Cloud Print account.
- Once the printer has been set up, you can now print from your Android phone or tablet via PrinterShare Mobile Print.
The types and categories of files that PrinterShare Mobile Print can print are displayed on the app's main screen. You can print pictures, contacts, calendar, Web pages, SMS messages, call logs, Gmail messages, Google Doc files, and other documents


text:
Student Emergency Fund: Monies contributed will allow students to seek help for expenses above and beyond tuition and fees such as required technology devices – laptops, tablets, wifi connections, course materials and books, housing costs, expenses related to transportation – bus passes, car maintenance, gasoline, and child care or elder care fees
Aztec Resource Center Fund: Donations will support the volunteer-run food pantries at both West and Desert Vista Campuses. Any Pima Community College student is eligible to receive assistance from an ARC site when normal operations resume at campuses.
Areas of Greatest Need: Gifts allow the Pima Foundation to provide assistance in the area(s) deemed most critical to PCC at any given time.
Other Contributions: Donors may direct their gift to an area of their choosing. Please provide details related to where you would like your contribution to be placed. Foundation staff will follow-up if there are questions related to your instructions.


text:
After creating the modular lantern system, I experimented with different cheap ways to integrate LED lights into it and turn it into a decorative lamp. In this post, I describe the three ways I found the cheapest and easiest to implement that all create a wonderful result. Preface When I set up real light installations,…
Category: Build
How to Create a Large 3D Printed Artwork
I recently built a relatively large (100cm × 80cm) 3D printed artwork, which features a painted relief of mathematical functions. Read how I prepared the data, converted it into 3D printable tiles and converted them into printable gcode. All the images and previews are from the proof of concept I created. The final artwork is…
Adding a Light Barrier using Epoxy
As you read in my last post about the pet-feeding device project, there was an issue with the fill sensors. The lines from the 3d-print transferred the light directly to the sensor and made a useful measurement impossible. One of the solution to this problem is a small gap between the LED and the sensor….
MicroMaTch Connector to Breadboard in 5 Minutes
Ordering a board with perfect spaced pads to use an SMD connector takes a few days of patience unless you live near a PCB prototyping facility. With striped prototyping boards, you can stick a MircoMaTch or similar connector into your breadboard in under five minutes. 😉 First cut a small piece from the prototype board….
19″ Rack Fan Controller [1/2]
When I migrated several servers into a new server rack, I put my Arduino Uno based fan controller into a new enclosure. Not a great solution, but good recycling of this existing project and way better than the built-in, on/off temperature controller. Now, when the rack's space got low, I had to find a better…
How to Create a Prototype Connector from a Pin Header
In order to test the input panel, I had to connect the 14 lines to the test setup on a breadboard. Just using a pin header was too flimsy for me, because I often reuse these test connectors on different breadboards. In this short article, I explain how I made it into a solid connector….
Build a 3D Printer Enclosure
Today, something slightly off-topic. This post is a short tutorial on how to build a heavy and solid 3D-printer enclosure. It uses a fully parametric design, where you can adjust the important dimensions – therefore it should work with a wide range of 3D-printer and materials. Update 1: Added some photos, illustrating the process.Update 2:…


text:
Astana's Vincenzo Nibali disqualified from Vuelta a Espana after accident 25 августа 2015, 22:12
- Subscribe to the TengriNews news channel:
- Google News
- Яндекс Новости
- Email рассылка
- Found a bug?
- Select it and press Ctrl + Enter
Captain of Kazakhstan's Astana Pro Team Vincenzo Nibali has been disqualified from Vuelta a Espana after the second stage, Tengrinews reports citing velonews.competitor.com
30th km before the finish line, Nibali ended up in a crash, which resulted in an 88-second setback. Nibali was then shown on TV being helped by the Astana Pro Team car for five seconds. Nibali pursued the main competitors for the following 20 km and finished 31st. But the judges disqualified Nibali for being towed by the car.
The cycler said that the punishment was too severe. "For what happened, I apologize to all those who are ashamed and upset for me. What happened in the Vuelta happens in every race. This does not mean that it is not wrong and that I shouldn't go unpunished. Just that the punishment is too severe," Nibali posted on his Facebook page.
Alexander Vinokurov, the General Manager of Kazakhstan's Astana Pro Team commented on the incident. He admitted that the Kazakhstani team violated the rules at the Vuelta. He apologized the organizers, fans and sponsors. Meanwhile, Vinokurov agreed with Nibali that the punishment was too severe.
"Disqualification of one of the race favorites prepared to compete for the red jersey does not only deprive Vuelta of its entertainment value, but also appears very harsh towards the winner of all three Grand Tours," Vinokurov said.
Esteban Chaves of Orica-GreenEdge won the second stage of Vuelta in 3hrs 57mins 25secs. One second later Tom Dumoulin of Team Giant-Alpecin crossed the finish line. Nicolas Roche of Team Sky arrived third 9 seconds after the winner.
By Gyuzel Kamalova
- Vincenzo Nibali
- competition
- cycling
- cyclist
- Europe
- Kazakh
- Kazakhstan
- news
- race
- scandal
- Spain
- Astana Pro Team


text:
Estate at the Yards
Estate at the Yards
STUDIOS Architecture, 2020
This eleven-story residential building was meant to feel at one with the adjacent Yards Park, so careful detail was paid to designing a space that dissolved the boundaries between the inside and outside environment. When it came time to create the Estate's signature signage, the Ashton team took this concept one step further, creating an elaborate, peek-a-boo metal entryway that is impactful, transitional and memorable for every visitor. The team then extended the materials and color palette from the front door through the rest of the building to create a cohesive, easily navigated experience throughout the site.
Architectural Signage
Wayfinding & ADA Signage
The asymmetric, geometric metal design was inspired by the idea of garden gates, which allow fluid sightlines between spaces but still demarcate one area from another. The gated quality also adds an air of sophistication and exclusivity to the project.
Clear communication is key in a space where the line is meant to be blurred between indoors and out. The wayfinding signage carries the rose gold and gunmetal color palette through the building and leads the way to the many amenities featured on site.
The Estate features a wealth of high-end amenities, including waterfront views, a rooftop pool, cascading terraces, an on-site spa and an indoor-outdoor garden lounge. The signage package adds to this sense of laid-back luxury.
NAIOP DC|MA: Award of Excellence, Best Multi-Family Project, 2021
Vivian Marie Doering


text:
Tips for Solving Math Homework Problems in College
It helps a lot if students can solve their problems after they are through with class. Doing so will enable them to graduate with better chances of succeeding in their careers. But now, many learners wouldn't be in a position to manage that. It is why it would be best if someone could send requests for help with that payforessay. Below, we have steps to prove that it isn't easy to achieve all that. Reading through it is the only way out, and reading through it will serve that purpose quite effectively. Let's see what it entails!
What is the need for solving algebra homework?
Do your classmates or family ask questions about how you managed to tackle the assignment? Is it difficult for you to figure out the technique for doing so? Or is it that you were unable to handle the problem because of some ongoing commitments? Don't worry. You should be ready to take on such challenges. The answers that you provide will be beneficial towards achieving your academic goals.
You might be a good student, but not everyone has that ability. Often, too much work with part-time jobs to care for children. In such situations, the student has no other option than to look for ways of ensuring that he/she gets enough time to understand the subject.
How does algebra homework sound like?
The answer is plain yes. To submit excellent reports for any arithmetic task, one must study and practice for five hours every day. If that is not sufficient, the tutor will assume that you didn't grasp the concept. Remember, every college learner works in a fixed schedule. Hence, the rule of thumb is that if you fail to plan well, you'll never excel.
So, if you want to be a successful mathematician, it is crucial to sharpen your Excel formulas and improve on critical things that are relevant to that discipline. For instance, when working on our application essay, the sheets will be useless. And where else will you find a name that will allow you to perform calculations if you don't have a formula to start with?
How to Finish Off Your Assignments in Algebra
After finishing an involving study, you'll then proceed to the next step. The goal here is to know how to finish off assignments in an organized manner. Here is a guide to that:
More resources
Get Quality Programming Homework Help Online
What Can You Find In Proofreading Software?
Why School Relationships Don't Go On For Very long
Created by Eric Ward
Working full-time as a Senior Marketing Manager for one of the biggest IT companies in the US, I also enjoy helping college students with their homework. Work with me if you need help with an essay, case study, or a term paper. I have an MBA degree and I'm fully committed to helping you with any pending Marketing or Management assignment.
EricWard1202's job listings
No jobs found.


text:
Nichola Murphy
Michelle Keegan just wore the most gorgeous heart-print black midi dress from her own collection with Very, and it's the perfect dress to get in the romantic mood this Valentine's Day.
Whether you're searching high and low for a pretty date night outfit or you're trying to impress your Valentine with a show-stopping dress, look no further than Michelle Keegan. On her Instagram stories, she looked stunning in a black fitted midi dress from her own range with Very, which is available to buy in most sizes for £40. The British actress revealed it is "one of her favourites yet" which is a big statement, but we can see why!
We are loving the vintage feminine style with a V-neck, ruched front, ruffle hemline and puff sleeves. As well as delicate white polka dots speckled across the frock, it is also decorated with red love hearts so you can actually wear your heart on your sleeve (sorry, we had to!). But really, there is no better way to get in the romantic mood than being covered head-to-toe in this print.
RELATED: Amanda Holden's £19.99 Zara leather trousers look great with her green jumper
Michelle glammed up her look with her dark hair in her trademark long curls alongside chiselled cheekbones, nude lips and dark fluttery eyelashes. If you're not a heels person, then the dress will look just as good with some chunky boots or pretty flats.
Heart print midi dress, £40, Very
It is a far cry from the Adidas tracksuits she loves to relax in. Mark Wright's wife shared a hilarious throwback of her clad in a striped jacket and joggers from ten years ago alongside a recent snap of her on a shoot with Adidas and online retailer Very. The 32-year-old wrote: "You don't realise how far you've come until you look back… 10 years apart. Been reppin since day 1!"
Michelle also spent much of her time in trousers and T-shirts while filming hit BBC show Our Girl, where she played Lance Corporal Georgie Lane. However, the star recently announced she is leaving the show after four years. "I've loved every second of the adventure so it was a very hard decision to make not to return," she told The Sun. "I feel it is the right time to explore other exciting opportunities but I'm so happy to be part of the new series coming soon so it's not the end just yet."
MORE: Holly Willoughby teaches us how to style for winter in a grey cashmere dress
This article contains affiliate links, which means HELLO! may earn a small commission if a reader clicks through and makes a purchase. More information.


text:
Stroke is the 5th leading cause of death and leading cause of disability in the U.S. Stroke can happen at any age and at any time, and everyone should be aware of the warning signs. Calling 911 allows first responders to begin treating a person with stroke symptoms before they arrive at the hospital.
Use the letters in F.A.S.T to identify a stroke:
F = Face drooping
A = Arm weakness
S = Difficulty speaking
T = Time to call 911
In addition to F.A.S.T. – Other symptoms you should know about
Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arms, or legs, especially on one side of the body
Sudden confusion, difficulty speaking or understanding
A sudden sight of one or both eyes
Sudden LEAVING, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
Unexplained, sudden, STRIKING HEADACHE
Warning signs in posterior circulation stroke
A posterior circulation stroke (a stroke that occurs in the back of the brain) occurs when a blood vessel in the back of the brain becomes blocked, causing brain cells to die (called an infarct) in the area of the blocked blood vessel. This type of stroke can also be caused by a ruptured blood vessel in the back of the brain. When this type of stroke occurs, there are several symptoms that can be very different from those that occur in the front circulation of the brain (called an anterior circulation stroke).


text:
I will be a bi, white, married man — 35 yrs . old and surviving in a big Midwestern town. I'd like to learn what's going on during my psyche — from a sex-research perspective. I've been hung up on cuckold dreams with my female partner for many years now. I'm a creative person and I'm especially fond of creative fantasizing during intercourse, and my partner enjoys this also. But 9 times away from 10, I'm rotating a yarn about her fucking other guys, whether it's a threesome, cuckolding beside me viewing, or her heading out on dates and coming house a delicious mess. These dreams took an unexpected change whenever we asked her to generally share stories about people she fucked in past times. She obliged—and shit that is holy ended up being we switched on. Really the only regrettable thing is that she would not have numerous great sexual experiences into the past, so Making Friends dating app she is like there isn't a whole lot to fairly share. Anyhow, we've an amazing sex life, clearly, and I feel no pity whatsoever about these dreams or just how switched on her memories make us. I'm simply inquisitive as to the reasons I am turned by it in so much. I am aware other people have comparable kinks, however it appears so antithetical towards the heteronormative objectives of the things I ought to be switched on by. Any ideas?
– Dreams Reliably Enhance Every Dalliance
"'Why am i love this?' questions are often rabbit holes,†said Dr. David Ley, a clinical psychologist, writer, and intercourse researcher. "We create rich, satisfying tales which can be actually just a type of psychological masturbation—no bust on masturbation—when the simple truth is, at the very least at this stage, we genuinely have no clear concept why folks have some of the unique intimate dreams they are doing.†(Dr. Ley literally penned the book on cuckolding: Insatiable spouses: women that Stray while the guys Who Love Them).
One popular description for why being cuckolded might turn a guy on—why knowing their wife or gf had fucked another person (or had been fucking some other person right in front of him) might turn some guy on—was the "sperm competition†concept. To quickly summarize: a person whom suspects their feminine partner recently had intercourse with another male—and whose brain that is reptile the other man's semen may be "present†inside her—will have an even more effective and voluminous orgasm when he next mates with their female partner in an effort to "flood out†their competitor's semen. For a while, numerous intercourse scientists theorized that male swingers and cuckolds had been subconsciously inducing "sperm competition†reactions—i.e., they certainly were with it for the better sexual climaxes.
"Unfortunately, a lot of the study into sperm competition is currently suspect, due to a deep failing to reproduce a number of these findings,†said Dr. Ley. "So to a qualification, we're now saying, 'You understand, it is complicated, most people are various, and there aren't any answers that are simple.'â€
Now that we've said that, FREED, Dr. Ley, who may have worked with numerous couples that are cuckold has noticed patterns and he's willing to place down some alternate theories of his very own.
"Many cuckolds have actually an aspire to engage bisexually along with other guys, utilizing their wife's body as sort of proxy,†said Dr. Ley. "Given that FREED is a bi male in a heterosexual relationship, these cuckold dreams may be a way for him to state their bisexuality while including his spouse. Also, vicarious fulfillment that is erotic usually a central component in lots of cuckold dreams. This goes beyond simple voyeurism—and comment that is FREED's their wife's regret at devoid of sufficient intimate experiences to generally share offers us an idea in this direction. Many cuckolds celebrate their lovers being intimately unrestrained. FREED could just be fired up because of the concept of his spouse cutting free and sharing that supercharged erotic energy with other partners—past, current, and future.â€
Finally, FREED, i desired to include a "ding, ding, ding†to something you pointed out at the conclusion of your page. The power that is erotic of something which appears antithetical into the heteronormative and/or vanilla-normative expectations heaped on us by tradition, religion, family members, etc. should not be underestimated. Whilst not most people are switched on by the looked at transgressing against intimate or social norms, a substantial portion is. As long as our normative-busting transgressive turn-ons could be recognized along with other consenting adults, we ought to worry less about the "why†and more concerning the "when,†"where,†and "how.†(Now, in personal, and properly!)


text:
The photographer Paul M Smith offers workshops for photographing "Sprites", a very rare and exclusive atmospheric phenomenon that appears above lightning storms. In the workshops / tours you get a chance to experience and photograph these sprites.
Scheduled group toursNo scheduled group tours have been submitted for this tour operator yet.
+1 405 886 4143
Why choose P.M. Smith Sprite Workshops?
No information submitted
Current deals
There are currently no deals or discounts available.
Reviewed by StormChasingUSA.com?
Live streaming
Chase blog
Tour Guides & Staff
Vehicle(s) used
No vehicles specified yet.
Write a review of P.M. Smith Sprite Workshops
If you have been on a tour with P.M. Smith Sprite Workshops, please write a review.


text:
Industrial CT Scanning for Small Castings
Industrial CT Scanning for Small Castings
Industrial Computed Tomography is used for a variety of inspection services. It can be particularly useful for small objects where traditional surface scanners may not meet resolution requirements.
This post demonstrates several capabilities and formats we use for reporting information to our clients.
10 Micron Resolution
This is a very small casting. Measuring at under 30mm in length, and 5mm width and tall, it is the perfect candidate for micro-ct inspection. Each scan was completed with a 10.26 micron resolution. With resolution being dependent upon proximity to the x-ray source, we could have cut this resolution down significantly by scanning and splicing multiple data sets for each sample. This was not necessary for the project.
CT Slice Data of Porosity
Using rendering techniques we can provide a top down view of all porosity in a single "slice" image. This image shows all pores in 2D.
Volumetric Mapping of Porosity
Volumetric mapping of pores can be useful if client standards require pass/fail analysis. Any pores above a certain size can be displayed. We have many clients who actively adjust casting processes according to porosity data.
Virtual Renderings of Porosity
Virtual Rendering of porosity is user friendly and practical. It allows end-users to explore and understand volume and location of all pores inside a given part. Pores can be exported with color map displays.


text:
Last night I had a free ticket to hear the Symphony Orchestra its opening weekend. They kicked off their 40th season at Powell Symphony Hall with a piece they played at the first symphony concert in Powell in 1968.
The concert began with a relatively new work by Christopher Rouse, titled Rapture. As conductor and music director David Robertson pointed out in his pre-concert "perspectives" talk, this piece is a long way from the "vinegar and ground grass" type of modern music Robertson has become famous for programming. In fact it didn't sound particularly dissonant or strange or ungrateful to the orchestra. It was a joyful piece that built up steadily to an ecstatic finish.
The next number was Sibelius's Violin Concerto, with Novosibirsk-born Vadim Repin playing the solo part. It's a gorgeous, exciting piece and Repin nailed it. He acknowledged the audience's appreciation with an encore, a set of apparently improvised variations so whimsical that at several points in the piece, people laughed.
Finally, after the intermission came the number that closed the orchestra's first concert in Powell Hall: Stravinsky's Petrushka, a ballet about the sufferings of a puppet brought to life and given human feelings through the mischief of an old magician. The stage directions were projected above the stage on the new screen that the orchestra is so happy to introduce this year; clearly they are going to make a lot of imaginative use of it.
The key note of the whole concert was joy. There are a lot of reasons to be joyful at Powell Hall. Robertson himself - I had a good profile view from only a few rows away from the stage - seemed to be having trouble containing his own joy, though being the father of week-old twins might have something to do with that. It was an infectious joy that worked its way through the sound of the orchestra and into the hearts of the listeners. What happy people we are in St. Louis - and I use the word "happy" in the sense of "fortunate" - to have such an orchestra with such a creative leader. Their programming is more diverse, and the public face of the symphony is far more welcoming and committed to outreach and education, than (for example) the New York Philharmonic, which I heard a year and a half ago on their home turf. To be able to hear Robertson himself talk about the pieces he is about to conduct, in the hall itself, without buying a ticket in addition to the concert ticket, is priceless. And I believe his excitement about broadening the musical horizons of St. Louis is beginning to spread.
Sunday, September 23, 2007
Opening Night at Powell
Posted by RobbieFish at 3:45 PM
Labels: music
No comments:
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
The Stardust Tee
David Bowie inspired many to live in creativity and to embrace their uniqueness. His imagination made his talent seem effortless. A creature, a genius, a marvel. I was born in 1985 and made the babysitter watch Labyrinth with me every Friday night. It was easy to grow up as a huge Bowie fan.
We celebrate him with our Stardust tee which is hand printed by experts at award winning shop 11th Monk3y Industries on soft, high-quality 100% cotton Rabbit Skins Tees. A very special hologram foil lightning bolt makes this tee truly unique in timeless Bowie fashion.
This tee will be in stock within the next few weeks. Please be sure to sign up for our mailing list to be in the know drop dates and grab yours first!
Sign up here: http://eepurl.com/TugnH


text:
Here's How Drive-Ins Are Entering The Age Of Digital Projection
In the 50's and 60's, America's love affair with the automobile was in full swing. This social movement gave way to the creation of the Drive In – a novel way of watching theatrical releases without having to file into a stuffy, restricting theater. By time the 70's and 80's rolled around, the theatrical experience had won out for the most part. Be it the advances in sound systems or the gas shortage, there were plenty of reasons for people to go to a multiplex instead of a drive in. Slowly, drive in venues started to die out to the level they're at today, and more stand to be lost thanks to the latest evolution of cinema: digital projection.
Yahoo caught up with a couple of the last remaining drive-ins in the United States to get a feel for how digital projection was affecting the venues that made their name with 35mm negatives. Out of the 348 remaining drive-in locations, Yahoo says that "more than 200" have already converted to digital projecting systems. Everything from arrangements with financing companies and leasing out the space to flea markets during the daytime are being employed to help preserve these storied memorials to the past. Sadly, not everyone's story is one of success.
While the Saco Drive-In in Saco, Maine was the recipient of one of Honda's Project Drive-In grants, the Pride's Corner Drive – located 15 miles away in Westbrook - is struggling to direct funds to their crowd sourcing campaign that would allow them to make some technology upgrades. With only a limited number of drive-ins still operating in the United States, it's sad to see locations being forced out due to the coming format change. It doesn't have to be like that though.
With audiences increasingly getting fed up with the theatrical experience at the multiplex, perhaps now is as good a time as any to not only preserve, but also to create new Drive-In venues for audiences to enjoy. After all, where else but a drive-in can you sit in a seat you already know fits, not pay an arm and a leg for concessions, and enjoy a movie with minimal crowd "interaction?" Cell phones aren't as much of a problem at a drive-in either, because the sound dissipates in an open air environment, and so does the light. The only audience you need to police at a drive-in theater is the one that's residing in your car. Drive-in movie theaters can market themselves as old fashioned throwbacks that don't need 3D, don't need to hound the audience to behave , and don't need to dangle recliner seats in front of their audiences to keep them coming back.
Drive-In theaters will never be at the levels of prominence they once were, which is why we should work to preserve the ones that are still around. There is a niche market to be had in Drive-in theaters, especially considering the resurgence of Grindhouse films and the niche market of independent films that could use as many release platforms as they can get their hands on. Imagine Snowpiercer being on more than a handful of extra screens its opening weekend due to drive-in theaters picking up on the underground fan buzz and making a special deal to screen a film a studio doesn't think will sell? Theaters like the Saco Drive-In and the Pride's Corner Drive-In are a part of film history, and much like the films we preserve in the Library Of Congress, these venues should be preserved for the future enjoyment of movie buffs past, present, and future.
If you'd like to donate to the Pride's Corner Drive-In campaign, you can donate here courtesy of Go Fund Me.
Your Daily Blend of Entertainment News
CinemaBlend's James Bond (expert). Also versed in Large Scale Aggressors, time travel, and Guillermo del Toro. He fights for The User.
Most Popular
By Mick Joest
By Laura Hurley
By Nick Venable
By Nick Venable
By Carly Levy


text:
The first time I heard of people eating squid ink was a number of years ago on a TV travel program. That program brought TV audience to Hokkaido in northern Japan. A famous local delicacy is the squid ink ice cream. It was kind of disgusting to see the TV host's mouth & teeth turned black as he was enjoying the ice cream. First reaction: yucks! I will never try it.
Then two years ago, back in Milan, a plate of rice simmering in some black liquid was put on my dinner table. As I was scratching my head what that was, my Italian colleagues told me that was a local delicacy - rice with Squid Ink! It looks very much like a pile of rice dipped into that black liquid for Chinese calligraphy. However, the scent from that black pile was way too attracting to resist the temptation to give it a try. Once I tried it, then I couldn't stop. Never knew squid ink would have that appetising fragrance. I guess I must looked very ugly that night, with a black mouth & black teeth :)
Last week, CK bought for me from Milan two packs of squid ink pasta. Expensive stuff, the 500g pack of spaghetti cost 2.70 euros, while the 250g pasta cost 4.70 euros. Expensive they are, the good taste is worth the money. How good are they? You can eat them on their own :D
Saturday, September 8, 2007
Squid Ink & Food
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)