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Flying is generally a safe and fast method of transportation, but accidents always happen whether through human error, mechanical failure, or criminal activity. Over the last two decades, there have been many fatal aircraft accidents per year worldwide. These, and lesser accidents, have to be investigated scientifically in order to gain important lessons about aircraft performance and safety.
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) requires that a civil aircraft accident be investigated by an independent body belonging to the country where the accident took place. Each country has its own organization taking responsibility for this: in the United States, it is theNational Transportation Safety Board(NTSB); in the United Kingdom, it is the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) and in Malaysia it is the Department of Civil Aviation. The purpose of the investigation is to find out why the accident happened and how similar events might be avoided in the future, rather than to apportion blame. The police will be involved in the investigation if sabotage or some other form of criminal activity is suspected, and the military generally looks into accidents involving service aircraft.
My research is about the air disaster investigation procedure for Malaysia on the matter of the procedure step, incident statistic, comparison between the Malaysian investigation procedures with other region.
History for aircraft investigation
The procedures for air accident investigations were first laid down in 1928 by the US National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. They required air accident investigators to consider the immediate and underlying factors of an accident in order to establish and apportion blame for its occurrence. A credit system was put in place that weighted causal factors according to their overall culpability – for example, an accident could be regarded 70% the result of pilot error and 30% the result of environmental factors.( New Zealand Air Line Pilots' Association, 2009)
In 1944 the Chicago Convention drafted a set of procedures and processes to govern the burgeoning international civil aviation industry. Included in these procedures were rules concerning the responsibilities of contracting states in the event of an aviation accident on their soil. These standards and recommended practices were developed by the Accident Investigation Division between February 1946 and February 1947, and were later designated as Annex 13 of the convention. The convention allowed states to generate their own rules for accident investigation, so as long as the core practices of Annex 13 were incorporated and investigative practices aligned with ICAO Doc 9620, the Manual of Aircraft Accident Investigation.( New Zealand Air Line Pilots' Association, 2009)
The primary focus of Annex 13 differed from that of the US National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics in 1928: it was no longer to find fault and apportion blame for an aircraft accident, but to provide a mechanism by which participants in the industry – pilots, aircraft manufacturers and regulatory agencies – could learn from their mistakes.( New Zealand Air Line Pilots' Association, 2009)
Accident Trend
In recent years, progress and development in science and technology have made dramatic contributions to human society. However, these same development have given rise to many new type of dangers, and a massive increase in loses that would have been in conceivable in the past. (Masako Miyagi, 2005)
This trend is by no means an indication of carelessness on the part of the individuals involved: rather, it could be considered an indication that the methods used to implement traditional safety measures in the past have reached a limit of effectiveness. This is because the most basic safety measures taken in the past were limited to reprimands and punishments targeting the person responsible for the accidents, and improvements to mechanical aspects stemming from the result of accident investigations. Such accident investigations placed an emphasis on technical analysis of events in accidents that had already occurred, and for this reason there is no question that they contributed to a sharing of important information regarding the mechanical aspects of these accidents, that this information was put to use in making improvements, and that significant results were archived through this process. (Masako Miyagi, 2005)
Human beings are able to develop and increase their abilities to some extent through education and training. The fact remain, however, that it is extremely difficult to obtain the information on human aspects of accidents that would be required to implement such training, because the people most directly involved may have been killed in the accident, or may be reluctant to come forward for fear of being held responsible. There are definitive limitations to approach described above even if all the relevant information in obtained; namely that when studied are made into accident prevention measures based on accident investigations, the investigations can only begin after the accident has occurred. Furthermore, the improvement measure based on accident investigations will only be of value in preventing the re-occurrence of accidents that are identical to those on which the measures were originally based. (Masako Miyagi, 2005)
Graf below showed that, by years to years, more accident happen because of human carelessness rather than mechanical failure. By times go by the percentage being increasing.
Graft 1.1(Masako Miyagi)
Boeing`s statistical summary
There are several reliable sources of accident data. One of the most easily accessible accident databases is maintained by Boeing, which publishes an annual Statistical Summary of commercial Jet Airplane Accident. Another good sources document is the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Safety Board Record(Jet), also published annually.( Alexander T.Wells and Clarence C.Rodrigues, 2004)
Hull losses were also analyzed according to the phase of flight in which they occurred (Graft 1.2). After the combined approach and lading phases, the next greatest numbers hull-loss accident occurred in the combined phases from landing through initial climb. Cruise, which accounts for about__ of flight time in a 1.5 hour flight, occasioned only 6% of hull-loss accidents.( Alexander T.Wells and Clarence C.Rodrigues, 2005)
The summary also considered primary cause factor for commercial operations hull-loss accidents for the period 1990-1999(Graft1.3). For accidents with known causes, flight crew were considered the primary cause in most 67% over the 10 years periods.( Alexander T.Wells and Clarence C.Rodrigues, 2005)
Graft 1.2 Phase of flight in hull-loss accident, all aircraft, worldwide commercial jet fleet
(Boieng commercial airplanes Group)
Graft 1.3 Primary causes factors (as determined by the investigating authority) in hull-loss accidents, all aircraft, worldwide commercial Jet fleet(1990-1999)(Boeing Commercial Airplanes Group)
Chart below showed about accident categorizes by airplane generation for the period 1990-1999 (Table 1.1). Most accidents occurred on landing, with 157 out of 385 for the 10-years period. Interestingly, most landing accident involved current generation aircraft. (Alexander T.Wells and Clarence C.Rodrigues, 2005)
Type of incident\Generation
Early Widebody
|Controlled flight into terrain
|Loss of control
|Midair Collision
|In-Flight fire
|Fuel tank explosion
|off end on landing
|Off side on Landing
|hard landing
|Landed short
|Gear collapse/fail/up
|Fuel management/exhaustion
|Takeoff configuration
|Off side on takeoff
|Runway Incursion vehicle/people
|Wing strike
|Engine Failure/Separation
|Ground collision
|Ground Crew injury
|Turbulance fatality
|Fire on ground
|aircraft structure
|Refused take-off end
Table 1.1 Accident categorizes by airplane generation for the period 1990-1999 (Alexander T.Wells and Clarence C.Rodrigues,2005)
*Miscellaneous Accidents
-Coffee Maker Explosion
-Fuel spill
-Instrument error
-Jet blast
-Pilot incapacitated
|-Taxied across ditch
-Window fail
(Alexander T.Wells and Clarence C.Rodrigues)
Graft 1.4 Accident categorizes by airplane generation for the period 1990-1999 (Alexander T.Wells and Clarence C.Rodrigues)
Aircraft Type
|Comet 4, 707/720,DC-8,CV-880/-990,Caravelle
|727,trident VC-10,BAC 1-11,DC-9,737-100/200,F-28
Early widebody
|– MD-80,767,757,A310,Bae 146, A300-600, 737-300/-400/-500,F-100,A320/310/321, 747-400,MD-11,A340,MD-90,777,737NG,717
Table 1.2 Aircraft by generation (Alexander T.Wells and Clarence C.Rodrigues)
Graft 1.5 Accident Categories by airplane generation, all accidents, worldwide commercial jet operations. (1990-1999).(Boeing Commercial Airplanes Group)
1.2 Problem definition
The problem with the current situation is, even thought so many precaution have been make, but air disaster still happen. Is there any way to prevent this disaster to happen? Each country had theirs own investigation team. But after the investigation, still have some aircraft that crash and involve a mass casualty.
This research will study about the limitation of the investigation body if there is an air crash or air disasters occur in or outside of the investigation body region.
1.3 Objectives of research
The main objectives of this thesis are to make a research upon the investigation procedure and type of accident happen in Malaysia and throughout the world. These are several more objectives of the project:
- Compare the investigation procedure between America and Malaysia.
- To understand the concept of how the air disaster investigation procedure.
- To prove that aircraft investigation can reduce air disaster.
- Making a survey about the awareness of the investigation procedures.
- To know the party that involved in board of investigation rules and regulation in Malaysia
1.4 Research scope
This thesis will go through the ICAO annex 13, Aircraft Investigation Procedure Manual and MCAR Part 12 to study the exact procedure of the Aircraft Investigation Procedures.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
The Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation established the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as a specialized aviation department within the United Nations. ICAO Annex 13 defines and directs requirements forAircraft Accident and Incident Investigationprocedures. As a result most nations or consortium of nations have some form of air regulating body which subsequently contains an investigation division.
Unfortunately not all agencies are created equally and national differences exist which influencefactual results in accident investigation. Six areas have been presented as a hindrance to proper investigative techniques in a paper by Dr. Horacio A. Larrosa of the International Society of Air Safety Investigators (ISASI)Accident and Incident procedures in Argentina MO4131.
- Expertise and Experience
- Investigative Budgets
- Political and Religious Influence and Beliefs
- Nepotism and Cronyism
- Dedication and Desire
- National Pride or Prejudice
2.2 Internationally Respected Players
2.2.1 National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
The National Transportation Safety Board is an independent federal agency charged with determining the probable cause of transportation accidents and promoting transportation safety, and assisting victims of transportation accidents and their families. The NTSB investigates accidents, conducts safety studies, evaluates the effectiveness of other government agencies' programs for preventing transportation accidents, and reviews the appeals of enforcement actions involving aviation and mariner certificates issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), as well as the appeals of civil penalty actions taken by the FAA.(NTSB,2002)
To help prevent accidents, the NTSB develops safety recommendations based on our investigations and studies. These are issued to federal, state, and local government agencies and to industry and other organizations in a position to improve transportation safety. Recommendations are the focal point of the NTSB's efforts to improve the safety of the nation's transportation system. (NTSB,2002)
NTSB Mission:
To promote transportation safety by
- maintaining our congressionally mandated independence and objectivity;
- conducting objective, precise accident investigations and safety studies;
- performing fair and objective airman and mariner certification appeals; and
- advocating and promoting safety recommendation. And
- to assist victims of transportation accidents and their families.
2.2.2 European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)
European Aviation Safety Agency has been the cornerstone of the European Union's aviation safety programs for years; however, accident investigation has been the jurisdiction of each individual member state. In 2009 the EU outlinedthe requirementsto establish a "better and more uniform quality of accident investigations across the EU." It will establish the rules for accident investigation for all states controlled by a central EU body in the near future. (EASA,2011)
The EASA has become the competent Community Aviation Authority for the safety of aviation underBasic Regulation 1592/2002; thus, it may be the recipient of safety recommendations related to the areas of its responsibilities. Furthermore, ICAO Annex 13 provides that the State of Design and the State of Manufacture shall each be entitled to appoint an accredited representative because of the function that have been attributed to each of those States with respect to the airworthiness of aircraft under Annex 8. Therefore, as the EASA is now in charge of the airworthiness, is shall be represented in Safety investigation in order to fulfil its obligation.(EASA,2011)
Under both, international and community law, all safety recommendations must be taken into full consideration by the entity to which they are addressed. In addition, in the preamble of theBasic Regulation 1592/2002it is stated that the results of the accident investigations should be acted upon by the EASA, as a matter of urgency in particular when, they relate to defective aircraft design or operational matters. ( EASA,2011)
To successfully discharge its responsibilities in this area, the EASA has included in its organ gram an Accident Investigation Section. It is responsible for the follow-up of occurrences where the Safety has been endangered. (EASA,2011)
Its main devoted tasks are:
- To follow the progress of aircraft accidents and incidents investigations,
- To be represented in investigations and collect information related to occurrences,
- To achieve the processing of Safety Recommendations addressed to the Agency,
- To provide progress reports and statistics on the Safety Recommendations processing,
- To maintain a good coordination with European Accident Investigation Bodies,
- To identify safety deficiencies and disseminate related information.
2.2.3 The European Three (E3)
The European Three are combination of the safety bureau in Europe, there are the Air Accidents Investigation Branch ( AAIB) of England, French Air Accident Investigation Bureau ( BEA France) and Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB Switzerland) are recognized as world leaders in several accident investigation areas. Not only do they aid nations of the EU in investigations but also non EU nations that have accidents involving aircraft manufactured in Europe, European registered aircraft, accidents occurring in any nation that was a colony of one of the EU member states and any nations requesting help.
2.2.4 Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB)
Australian Transport Safety Bureau has gained a reputation as Oceana and Asia's air accident investigating body. They are investigators in most of the small island nations of the South and Central Pacific or whenever requested by other nations. Australia's development as a nation through the twentieth century was closely linked to the development of the aviation industry. This industry has helped us overcome vast internal distances and geographical isolation from the rest of the world.(ATSB, 2011)
The ATSB is responsible for the independent investigation of accidents and incidents involving civil aircraft in Australia. The ATSB's primary focus for its investigations is fare-paying passenger operations. However, all accidents and incidents related to flight safety in Australia or involving Australian registered aircraft overseas must be reported to the ATSB. While the ATSB does not investigate all of these, it still needs to be notified so that the data can be recorded for possible future safety research and analysis. (ATSB,2011)
2.2.5 Transportation Safety Board of Canada
The Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board (TSB) has emerged as the leader in South and Central America. Similar to Australia the small population nation that is home to ICAO, works in close coordination with the larger NTSB in the USA. However, viewed as an alternative to Washington many Latin American nations work directly with Canada out of desire, security or necessity.(TSB, 2010)
Most nations have the required ICAO investigative agencies but the variations between countries are still very strong. The positive factor for international accident investigation is that many investigators within these nations are willing to call upon each other and aid their work. Working together in the vast majority of air accidents, the public has a good chance of obtaining the truth about accidents within their borders.
2.3 Definition:
Before going through a little further, these are some definition that being use in the investigation for any accident or incident that happen. All definition are taken from ICAO , 2001, Annex 13, MCAR part 12 and NTSB 2002, Aircraft accident Investigation Manual.
2.3.1 Aircraft Accident
An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all such persons have disembarked, in which a person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of being in the aircraft or direct contact with any part of the aircraft, including parts which have become detached from the aircraft, or direct exposure to jet blast.
The aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which is adversely affects the structural strength, performance or flight characteristics of the aircraft, or the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible.
2.3.2 Aircraft Incident
An occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft which affects or could affect the safety of operation.
Serious incident – An incident involving circumstances indicating that an accident nearly occurred.
2.3.3 Investigation
A process conducted for the purpose of accident prevention which includes the gathering and analysis of information, the drawing of conclusions, including the determination of causes and, when appropriate, the making of safety recommendations.
2.3.4 Investigator in charge
A person charged, on the basis of his or her qualifications, with the responsibility for the organization, conduct and control of an investigation.
2.3.5 Chief Inspector
The Chief inspector of Air Accidents and includes any deputy chief inspector;
2.3.6 Inspector
Aperson appointed as an Inspector of Air Accidents
2.3.7 Field Investigation
An investigation which is not intended to be the subject of a report by an Inspector to the Minister.
2.3.8 Formal Investigation
An investigation which is intended tobe the subject of a report by an Inspector to the Minister.
2.3.9 Serious Injury
An injury which is sustained by a person in a reportable accident and which:
- Requires his stay in hospital for more than forty-eight hours commencing within seven days from the date on which the injury is received
- results in a fracture of any bone except simple fractures of fingers, toes or nose.
- involves lacerations which cause severe nerve, muscle or tendon damage
- involves injury to any internal organ; or involves second or third degree burns or any burns affecting more than five per centum of the surface of the body.
2.3.10 Aircraft.
Any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earth's surface.
2.3.11 Causes.
Actions, omissions, events, conditions, or a combination thereof, which led to the accident or incident.
2.3.12 Flight recorder.
Any type of recorder installed in the aircraft for the purpose of complementing accident/incident investigation.
2.3.13 Maximum mass.
Maximum certificated take-off mass.
2.3.14 Operator.
A person, organization or enterprise engaged in or offering to engage in an aircraft operation
2.3.15 Preliminary Report.
The communication used for the prompt dissemination of data obtained during the early stages of the investigation.
2.3.16 Safety recommendation.
A proposal of the accident investigation authority of the State conducting the investigation, based on information derived from the investigation, made with the intention of preventing accidents or incidents.
2.3.17 State of Design.
The State having jurisdiction over the organization responsible for the type design
2.3.18 State of Manufacture.
The State having jurisdiction over the organization responsible for the final assembly of the aircraft
2.3.19 State of Occurrence.
The State in the territory of which an accident or incident occurs.
2.3.20 State of the Operator.
The State in which the operator's principal place of business is located or, if there is no such place of business, the operator's permanent residence.
2.3.21 State of Registry.
The State on whose register the aircraft is entered.
2.4 Investigation Responsibility for Instituting and Conducting the investigation.( ICAO , 2001)
2.4.1 Accidents or incidents in the territory of a contracting state.
State of Occurrence
The State of Occurrence shall institute an investigation into the circumstances of the accident and be responsible for the conduct of the investigation, but it may delegate the whole or any part of the conducting of such investigation to another State by mutual arrangement and consent. In any event the State of Occurrence shall use every means to facilitate the investigation.
Recommendation.— The State of Occurrence should institute an investigation into the circumstances of a serious incident. Such a State may delegate the whole or any part of the conducting of such investigation to another State by mutual arrangement and consent. In any event the State of Occurrence should use every means to facilitate the investigation.
2.4.2 Accidents or incidents in the territory of a non-contracting state.
State of Registry
When the accident or the serious incident has occurred in the territory of a non-Contracting State which does not intend to conduct an investigation in accordance with Annex 13, the State of Registry or, failing that, the State of the Operator, the State of Design or the State of Manufacture should endeavour to institute and conduct an investigation in cooperation with the State of Occurrence but, failing such cooperation, should itself conduct an investigation with such information as is available.
2.4.3 Accidents or incidents outside the territory of any state.
State of Registry
When the location of the accident or the serious incident cannot definitely be established as being in the territory of any State, the State of Registry shall institute and conduct any necessary investigation of the accident or serious incident. However, it may delegate the whole or any part of the investigation to another State by mutual arrangement and consent.
States nearest the scene of an accident in international waters shall provide such assistance as they are able and shall, likewise, respond to requests by the State of Registry.
If the State of Registry is a non-Contracting State which does not intend to conduct an investigation in accordance with Annex 13, the State of the Operator or, failing that, the State of Design or the State of Manufacture should endeavour to institute and conduct an investigation. However, such a State may delegate the whole or any part of the investigation to another State by mutual arrangement and consent.
2.5 Organization and conduct of the investigation.( ICAO , 2001)
2.5.1 Responsibility of the state conducting the investigation.
The accident investigation authority shall have independence in the conduct of the investigation and have unrestricted authority over its conduct, consistent with the provisions of this Annex. The investigation shall include:
- the gathering, recording and analysis of all available information on that accident or incident;
- if appropriate, the issuance of safety recommendations;
- if possible, the determination of the causes; and
- the completion of the final report.
If possible, the scene of the accident shall be visited, the wreckage examined and statements taken from witnesses.
Recommendation.— Any judicial or administrative proceedings to apportion blame or liability should be separate from any investigation conducted under the provisions of this Annex.
Investigator-in-charge — Designation
The State conducting the investigation shall designate the investigator-in-charge of the investigation and shall initiate the investigation immediately.
Investigator-in-charge — Access and control
The investigator-in-charge shall have unhampered access to the wreckage and all relevant material, including flight recorders and ATS records, and shall have unrestricted control over it to ensure that a detailed examination can be made without delay by authorized personnel participating in the investigation.
Flight recorders — Accidents and incidents
Effective use shall be made of flight recorders in the investigation of an accident or an incident. The State conducting the investigation shall arrange for the read-out of the flight recorders without delay.
In the event that the State conducting the investigation of an accident or an incident does not have adequate facilities to read out the flight recorders, it should use the facilities made available to it by other States, giving consideration to the following:
- the capabilities of the read-out facility;
- the timeliness of the read-out; and
- the location of the read-out facility.
Autopsy examinations
The State conducting the investigation into a fatal accident shall arrange for complete autopsy examination of fatally injured flight crew and, subject to the particular circumstances, of fatally injured passengers and cabin attendants, by a pathologist, preferably experienced in accident investigation. These examinations shall be expeditious and complete.
Medical examinations
When appropriate, the State conducting the investigation should arrange for medical examination of the crew, passengers and involved aviation personnel, by a physician, preferably experienced in accident investigation. These examinations should be expeditious.
Coordination — Judicial authorities
The State conducting the investigation shall recognize the need for coordination between the investigator-in-charge and the judicial authorities. Particular attention shall be given to evidence which requires prompt recording and analysis for the investigation to be successful, such as the examination and identification of victims and read-outs of flight recorder recordings.
Informing aviation security authorities
If, in the course of an investigation it becomes known, or it is suspected, that an act of unlawful interference was involved, the investigator-in-charge shall immediately initiate action to ensure that the aviation security authorities of the State(s) concerned are so informed.
Non-disclosure of records
The State conducting the investigation of an accident or incident shall not make the following records available for purposes other than accident or incident investigation, unless the appropriate authority for the administration of justice in that State determines that their disclosure outweighs the adverse domestic and international impact such action may have on that or any future investigations:
- all statements taken from persons by the investigation authorities in the course of their investigation;
- all communications between persons having been involved in the operation of the aircraft;
- medical or private information regarding persons involved in the accident or incident;
- cockpit voice recordings and transcripts from such recordings; and
- opinions expressed in the analysis of information, including flight recorder information
These records shall be included in the final report or its appendices only when pertinent to the analysis of the accident or incident. Parts of the records not relevant to the analysis shall not be disclosed.
Re-opening of investigation
If, after the investigation has been closed, new and significant evidence becomes available, the State which conducted the investigation shall re-open it. However, when the State which conducted the investigation did not institute it, that State shall first obtain the consent of the State which instituted the investigation.
Information — Accidents and incidents
Any State shall, on request from the State conducting the investigation of an accident or an incident, provide that State with all the relevant information available to it.
Any State, the facilities or services of which have been, or would normally have been, used by an aircraft prior to an accident or an incident, and which has information pertinent to the investigation, shall provide such information to the State conducting the investigation.
2.5.3 Responsibility of the state of registry and the state of the operator.
Flight recorders — Accidents and serious incidents
When an aircraft involved in an accident or a serious incident lands in a State other than the State of Occurrence, the State of Registry or the State of the Operator shall, on request from the State conducting the investigation, furnish the latter State with the flight recorder records and, if necessary, the associated flight recorders.
Organizational information
The State of Registry and the State of the Operator, on request from the State conducting the investigation, shall provide pertinent information on any organization whose activities may have directly or indirectly influenced the operation of the aircraft.
2.6 Participation In The Investigation.( ICAO , 2001)
2.6.1 Participation of The State of Registry, The State of The Operator, The State of Design and The State of Manufacture
The State of Registry, the State of the Operator, the State of Design and the State of Manufacture shall each be entitled to appoint an accredited representative to participate in the investigation.
The State of Registry or the State of the Operator shall appoint one or more advisers, proposed by the operator, to assist its accredited representative.
When neither the State of Registry, nor the State of the Operator appoint an accredited representative, the State conducting the investigation should invite the operator to participate, subject to the procedures of the State conducting the investigation.
The State of Design and the State of Manufacture shall be entitled to appoint one or more advisers, proposed by the organizations responsible for the type design and the final assembly of the aircraft, to assist their accredited representatives.
When neither the State of Design nor the State of Manufacture appoint an accredited representative, the State conducting the investigation should invite the organizations responsible for the type design and the final assembly of the aircraft to participate, subject to the procedures of the State conducting the investigation.
When the State conducting an investigation of an accident to an aircraft of a maximum mass of over 2 250 kg specifically requests participation by the State of Registry, the State of the Operator, the State of Design or the State of Manufacture, the State(s) concerned shall each appoint an accredited representative.
2.6.2 Participation of other states.
Any State which on request provides information, facilities or experts to the State conducting the investigation shall be entitled to appoint an accredited representative to participate in the investigation.
Any State that provides an operational base for field investigations or is involved in search and rescue or wreckage recovery operations may also be entitled to appoint an accredited representative to participate in the investigation.
2.6.3 Entitlement of accredited representatives
A State entitled to appoint an accredited representative shall also be entitled to appoint one or more advisers to assist the accredited representative in the investigation.
Advisers assisting accredited representatives shall be permitted, under the accredited representatives' supervision, to participate in the investigation to the extent necessary to enable the accredited representatives to make their participation effective.
Participation in the investigation shall confer entitlement to participate in all aspects of the investigation, under the control of the investigator-in-change, in particular to:
- visit the scene of the accident;
- examine the wreckage;
- obtain witness information and suggest areas of questioning;
- have full access to all relevant evidence as soon as possible;
- receive copies of all pertinent documents;
- participate in read-outs of recorded media;
- participate in off-scene investigative activities such as component examinations, technical briefings, tests and simulations;
- participate in investigation progress meetings including deliberations related to analysis, findings, causes and safety recommendations; and
- make submissions in respect of the various elements of the investigation.
However, participation of States other than the State of Registry, the State of the Operator, the State of Design and the State of Manufacture may be limited to those matters which entitled such States to participation under 5.23.
Accredited representatives and their advisers:
- shall provide the State conducting the investigation with all relevant information available to them; and
- shall not divulge information on the progress and the findings of the investigation without the express consent of the State conducting the investigation.
2.6.4 Participation of states having suffered fatalities or serious injuries to its citizens.
Rights and entitlement
A State which has a special interest in an accident by virtue of fatalities or serious injuries to its citizens shall, upon making a request to do so, be permitted by the State conducting the investigation to appoint an expert who shall be entitled to:
- visit the scene of the accident;
- have access to the relevant factual information;
- participate in the identification of the victims;
- assist in questioning surviving passengers who are citizens of the expert's State; and
- receive a copy of the Final Report
2.7 List of examples of serious Incidents(ICAO , 2001)
1. The term "serious incident" is defined in Chapter 1 as follows:
- Serious incident. An incident involving circumstances indicating that an accident nearly occurred.
- The incidents listed are typical examples of incidents that are likely to be serious incidents. The list is not exhaustive and only serves as guidance to the definition of serious incident.
- Near collisions requiring an avoidance manoeuvre to avoid a collision or an unsafe situation or when an avoidance action would have been appropriate.
- Controlled flight into terrain only marginally avoided.
- Aborted take-offs on a closed or engaged runway.
- Take-offs from a closed or engaged runway with marginal separation from obstacle(s).
- Landings or attempted landings on a closed or engaged runway.
- Gross failures to achieve predicted performance during take-off or initial climb.
- Fires and smoke in the passenger compartment, in cargo compartments or engine fires, even though such fires were extinguished by the use of extinguishing agents.
- Events requiring the emergency use of oxygen by the flight crew.
- Aircraft structural failures or engine disintegrations not classified as an accident.
- Multiple malfunctions of one or more aircraft systems seriously affecting the operation of the aircraft.
- Flight crew incapacitation in flight.
- Fuel quantity requiring the declaration of an emergency by the pilot.
- Take-off or landing incidents. Incidents such as under-shooting, overrunning or running off the side of runways.
- System failures, weather phenomena, operations outside the approved flight envelope or other occurrences which could have caused difficulties controlling the aircraft.
- Failures of more than one system in a redundancy system mandatory for flight guidance and navigation.
2.8 Right and obligations of the state of the operator in respect of accidents and incidents involving leased, chartered or interchanged aircraft. (ICAO , 2001)
The Standards and Recommended Practices of Annex 13 — Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation were developed when the State of Registry and the State of the Operator normally were the same. In recent years, however, inter-national aircraft leasing and interchanging arrangements have developed so that in many instances the State of the Operator is different from the State of Registry.
Leasing or interchange arrangements sometimes include the provision of flight crews from the State of Registry. However, more often, flight crews are provided by the State of the Operator and the aircraft operated under national legislation of the State of the Operator. Similarly, a variety of arrangements for airworthiness can emerge from these arrangements.
Airworthiness responsibility may rest, wholly or partly, with the State of the Operator or State of Registry. Sometimes the operator, in conformity with an airworthiness control system specified by the State of Registry, carries out maintenance and keeps records.
In the event of an accident or an incident, it is important that any State which has assumed responsibility for the safety of an aircraft has the right to participate in an investigation, at least in respect of that responsibility. It is also important that the State conducting the investigation should have speedy access to all documents and other information relevant to that investigation.
When the location of an accident or an incident cannot definitely be established as being in the territory of another State, the State of the Operator, after consultation with the State of Registry, should accept full or partial responsibility for the conduct of the investigation.
Chapter 3; Methodology (Draft For next semester progress)
Go through Part 12 of Malaysian Civil Aviation Regulation. Study the procedures of investigation, the person that responsible in the investigation, what body that involve in the investigation. What type of accident that the Department of Civil Aviation (Malaysia) involve? Are there a different between company investigation and DCA investigation? What is the procedure for Military investigation? Is DCA also involved in the investigation or the DCA just involve in civil aircraft only.
Go through the Aircraft Investigation Procedure that being publish by NTSB.
Learn about the procedure, the man in-charge for the investigation. What type of aircraft involve? Each type of aircraft have different approach for start the investigation.
Make a survey at MAS, Airasia or Westar about the awareness in investigation procedure in Malaysia


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Friday, May 23, 2014
The Voodoo Woman
8 comments:
I have read all the tropical paradise books and think they are fantastic, I do think some of the sexy parts involving Suzanne were disturbing, but it does give depth to the kind of woman she is. I have read many romance novels now, and found each writer has a style and each one is unique. I do not think there is too many sexy parts, its part of the style I think and adds depth to the relationships. I do like romance novels with sexy scenes, the first romance novel I read was two years ago, I was 22 and still getting over the birth of my 2 month old baby. I had tried sex with my man, but it hurt and at this point I was too scared to do it. I picked up a romance novel in a second hand shop because I was bored with the usual books I read and it had a sex scene that made me feel hot, and I felt confident enough again to try sex and it was fine. I hope your style of writing dosnt change because of a bad review, unless you really wanted too as your books are great , and cant wait for a pirate to treasure.ReplyDelete
Thanks Cheebella, what a lovely name. I have had a few readers send emails stating that I was too brutal on Suzanne, while the majority thought she got what she deserved. I, like you, thought the more disturbing parts gave more insight into exactly the type of woman Suzanne really is. Like they say, pay back is a bitch. And I couldn't agree with you more. There is nothing like a good sexy romance to warm the blood.ReplyDelete
Hi Kitty. We live in a diverse world in more ways than one. Some folks dislike sex scenes in romance and some love it. I for one will read both. Although, I will admit to liking the bedroom action in my romance novels and to tell you the truth, the tropical island series were mild compared to some I have read. I cannot imagine the books without them. Glad I am I have the originals.ReplyDelete
As for Suzanne after all she did: attempted murder of Joshua and Lynna, murder of her parents etc, as far as I am concerned, that evil woman got what was coming to her.
Loved the books. Will probably reread them when I am on vacation.
Please do not change your writing style
I sure won't change my writing style Delise and the Tropical Paradise Series will remain exactly how it is. Any changes will be made when I put the four books together for The Voodoo Woman. I am so glad you enjoyed the books. Thanks!ReplyDelete
Love Tropical Paradise series can't wait to read voodoo women this series was 1 st book i read on my new kindle fire and read all of them in 3 days when will voodoo book be outReplyDelete
I am pleased that my books were first on your Kindle. I would imagine you have considerably more books on it now, don't you. My Kindle is absolutely full.ReplyDelete
The Voodoo Woman will be released July 4, 2014.
As I stated in an earlier post, The Voodoo Woman is a compilation of all 4 Lynna books in the Tropical Paradise Series. There is no new material, so for those who have read the series you have already read The Voodoo Woman. I just liked the idea of one big book better than making a four book set.
OMG I love great sex in historical romance novels... there's rarely enough. Oh sure, great anticipation and the man, even a rogue, is a gentleman, but good gawd, give me some love'n! LOL! I can't wait for this Kitty. Congrats! We've been talking about it over at Books & Beyond Fifty Shades this week. I'm the historical romance freak... let me know if there's anything I can do for you. : ) Congrats on your successes!ReplyDelete
Love the books all are great reads .Great writer enjoy her work.ReplyDelete

subset: commoncrawl


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The Collagen Cookbook E-Book
$19.95 AUDoff
Rated 5.0 stars
2 Reviews
— Recipes that target skin health
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Maximise Your Wellness
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2 reviews
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Enjoy using this book for great Snacks.
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Grocery Outlet Named to '50 Best Wine Retailers in America for 2020' by Wine Enthusiast
The '50 Best Wine Retailers in America' were chosen by Wine Enthusiast's team of expert editors and tasters to present the best of the best wine retailers across the
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View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200615005770/en/
Layla Kasha


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T.Smile ft. LahLah – Follow Follow (Prod. by LahLah)
After the success of his previous hit single "MATONSA DANCE" which is still enjoying massive air play on major radio stations.
The most prominent and energetic artiste T smile releases his much anticipated tune tagged "FOLLOW FOLLOW" featuring super talents artist in the industry LahLah (Smoke D musik), tune was produced by LahLah.
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Hoboken Dual Language Charter School Is first Middle School in NJ to earn College Board Approval as AP Spanish ProgramApril 7, 2022
'This Curriculum Makes Me Sick': NJ Parents React to New Sexual Health StandardsApril 7, 2022
O'NEILL: Camden Partners–Charter and District–Work Together To Improve Outcomes for Students with Disabilities
Paul O'Neill is the Co-founder and Senior Fellow at the Center for Learner Equity. He comes to this work as a person who has grappled with learning disabilities and ADHD all of this life and is committed to equity for all students. This was originally published at The 74.
A local foundation called the Camden Education Fund (CEF) is forging a community of district, charter, and other innovative public schools, with a particular focus on educating students with the greatest needs. This holistic, city-based approach prioritizes what's best for families and puts philanthropic resources to work to ensure that the needs of all students, including those with disabilities, are central. The fund's model can be replicated wherever there are school choice options, local funders and underserved families.
Camden has long been a place of tremendous need. For decades, the city was ranked as one of the poorest in America, and for years was among the most dangerous. A range of civic reforms, including housing rehabilitation and a larger, revitalized police force that engages with local community watch groups, have put it on a more positive trajectory, but daunting challenges remain. About 28.6% of Camden residents had an income below the poverty line in 2019, which was 68% greater than the poverty level statewide.
There are roughly 15,000 students in public schools in Camden. Academic performance has historically been catastrophically low across many measures, including test scores and dropout rates. In an effort to reverse this chronic pattern, the state intervened in the Camden school district in 2013, and it remains under state control. Reform efforts are, however, starting to make a discernible difference.
One approach to changing the patterns in Camden is to offer parents more choice in where they send their children to school. In addition to its traditional public schools, the city now has five charter networks and three networks of renaissance schools — which have charter-like autonomy but serve neighborhood catchment areas. Both charter and renaissance schools operate independently of the Camden district. In many cities, competition for students and friction among these different types of schools would be a barrier to collaboration. In Camden, however, educators are cooperating to break down institutional divisions and to specifically prioritize improving outcomes for students with disabilities. This effort is being led by CEF, a funder with a commitment to student-focused education reform in Camden. The fund is marshaling its resources to foster the sharing of ideas and promising practices and drive systemic change, through a coordinated suite of elements including:
- Program grants: CEF awarded $1.23 million in grants last year, enabling a range of district, charter and renaissance schools to develop new supports for students with disabilities. For example, KIPP Cooper Norcross Academy, a renaissance school, is using fund resources to create a robust job and skills program for high school students with disabilities, including building a model apartment where students can practice independent living skills. Camden's Promise Charter School is using the funds to provide individualized early literacy instruction to children with disabilities. Camden City School District is using CEF money to develop a farm-to-table culinary arts program among its life skills courses at Woodrow Wilson High School. Students will gain technical and soft skills to prepare for work in the agricultural, culinary and food service industries.
- Accelerating Inclusion Institute: CEF created this training program for special educators from the district, charter, and renaissance sectors. In this eight-session series, The institute will lead school teams through three content arcs that build and reinforce the critical skills, beliefs and practices schools need to ensure equity and inclusion for students with disabilities. The arcs include lesson design in inclusive settings to meet the needs of all learners, data practices that drive instructional decisionmaking and effective resource allocation to meet the needs of all learners. Led by the national Center for Learner Equity, participants meet monthly and receive a stipend.
- Camden Teacher Pipeline: CEF established a pipeline connecting local universities with Camden schools in need of new teachers. In partnership with Rowan University, Rider University and Relay Graduate School of Education, it is designed to attract new teachers to Camden, provide them with hands-on training and align their student teaching experience with schools that anticipate hiring for the upcoming year. The program has been in place for several years and now also features a special education track, focusing on recruiting special educators from Rowan's Inclusive Education Program.
- RISE Award for Teacher Excellence: ln 2020, CEF initiated an award program to honor Camden's Resilient, Inspirational, Solutions-oriented Educators (RISE). It asks principals from the city's district, charter and renaissance schools to nominate three teachers, at least one of whom must be a special education teacher. Up to six winners are chosen each year for recognition and a $5,000 prize.
These programs foster collaboration and a sort of cross-pollination of ideas and best practices to better serve families and students, including those with disabilities. Taken together, these approaches break important new ground. While political barriers and divisions among different types of schools often preclude these sorts of coordinated citywide reform efforts, the theory of change at work in Camden is replicable in communities across the country. Wherever parents have school choice options, student need is substantial and there is a local funder committed to building bridges by fostering the success of all students, this model can take root. It is crucial work in service of equity and deserves close attention and support.


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Your practical holiday guide to Les Orres!
Les Orres free mobile app was launched in January 2011 and has continued to develop over the years.
The new LES ORRES app is part of the resort's digital drive, designed to support you throughout your stay.
your holidays
- SEARCH sfor practical, location-specific information in real time: weather/snowfall, web cam, opening of ski area and MTB facilities, winter and summer maps, snowshoe, hiking and MTB trails, moving around the resort etc.
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You can also save your FAVOURITE events and receive our latests ALERTS AND INFORMATION (notifications).


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1 Corinthians 12:1-31
12 Now concerning the spiritual gifts,*+ brothers, I do not want YOU to be ignorant. 2 YOU know that when YOU were people of the nations,+ YOU were being led away to those voiceless+ idols+ just as YOU happened to be led. 3 Therefore I would have YOU know that nobody when speaking by God's spirit says: "Jesus is accursed!"*+ and nobody can say: "Jesus is Lord!" except by holy spirit.+ 4 Now there are varieties of gifts,*+ but there is the same spirit;+ 5 and there are varieties of ministries,+ and yet there is the same Lord;+ 6 and there are varieties of operations,+ and yet it is the same God+ who performs all the operations in all persons.+ 7 But the manifestation of the spirit is given to each one for a beneficial purpose.+ 8 For example, to one there is given through the spirit speech of wisdom,+ to another speech of knowledge+ according to the same spirit, 9 to another faith+ by the same spirit, to another gifts of healings+ by that one spirit, 10 to yet another operations of powerful works,*+ to another prophesying,+ to another discernment+ of inspired utterances,*+ to another different tongues,+ and to another interpretation+ of tongues. 11 But all these operations the one and the same spirit performs,+ making a distribution+ to each one respectively just as it wills.+ 12 For just as the body is one but has many members, and all the members of that body, although being many, are one body,+ so also is the Christ.+ 13 For truly by one spirit we were all baptized+ into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, whether slaves or free, and we were all made to drink+ one spirit. 14 For the body, indeed, is not one member, but many.+ 15 If the foot should say: "Because I am not a hand, I am no part of the body," it is not for this reason no part of the body.+ 16 And if the ear should say: "Because I am not an eye, I am no part of the body," it is not for this reason no part of the body.+ 17 If the whole body were an eye, where would the [sense of] hearing be? If it were all hearing, where would the smelling be? 18 But now God has set the members in the body, each one of them, just as he pleased.+ 19 If they were all one member,+ where would the body be? 20 But now they are many members,+ yet one body. 21 The eye cannot say to the hand: "I have no need of you"; or, again, the head [cannot say] to the feet: "I have no need of YOU." 22 But much rather is it the case that the members of the body which seem to be weaker+ are necessary, 23 and the parts of the body which we think to be less honorable, these we surround with more abundant honor,+ and so our unseemly parts have the more abundant comeliness, 24 whereas our comely parts do not need anything. Nevertheless, God compounded* the body, giving honor more abundant to the part which had a lack, 25 so that there should be no division* in the body, but that its members should have the same care for one another.+ 26 And if one member suffers, all the other members suffer+ with it; or if a member is glorified,+ all the other members rejoice with it.+ 27 Now YOU are Christ's body, and members individually.+ 28 And God has set the respective ones in the congregation,+ first, apostles;+ second, prophets;+ third, teachers;+ then powerful works;*+ then gifts of healings;+ helpful services,+ abilities to direct,*+ different tongues.+ 29 Not all are apostles, are they? Not all are prophets, are they? Not all are teachers, are they? Not all perform powerful works, do they?* 30 Not all have gifts of healings, do they? Not all speak in tongues,+ do they? Not all are translators,+ are they? 31 But keep zealously seeking the greater* gifts.+ And yet I show YOU a surpassing way.+
^ Or, "the spiritual things"; or, "the spiritual persons." Lit., "the spiritual (things)." Gr., ton pneu·ma·ti·konʹ; Vgc(Lat.), spi·ri·tu·aʹli·bus.
^ Lit., "anathema." Gr., A·naʹthe·ma.
^ Lit., "of gracious gifts." Gr., kha·ri·smaʹton.
^ Lit., "of spirits." Gr., pneu·maʹton.
^ Or, "of miracles."
^ Lit., "mixed together." Gr., sy·ne·keʹra·sen.
^ Or, "split." Gr., skhiʹsma, "schism"; Lat., sciʹsma.
^ Lit., "steerings." Gr., ky·ber·neʹseis; Lat., gu·ber·na·ti·oʹnes.
^ "Powerful works." Or, "miracles."
^ Lit., "Not all are powers, are they?"
^ Or, "the greatest."


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Primer is a cleaning product, solvent or water based, used to prepare surfaces for bonding. The primer clears away any oil or mold released from parts. This process is critical for a good cement bond.
During a cementing operation, both surfaces to be bonded will be primed before the cement is applied. Between each application the shoe parts pass through a heat tunnel to quickly dry the primer. The primer must be matched to the material type. Rubber, EVA and leather each require a different primer.


text: Past Event Current Work by visual artists Margherita Moscardini and Andrea Nacciarriti (at the Italian Cultural Institute) Share Add to Calendar: Google Yahoo Image Carousel with 2 slides A carousel is a rotating set of images. Use the previous and next buttons to change the displayed slide Slide 1: Featured art Slide 2: Featured art Previous Next March 30, 2015 6:00 PM - 8:00 PM Event time is displayed in your time zone. Metropolitan Voids Agency (Moscardini's presentation, 6:30) and Polyporaceae (Nacciarriti's installation) Both artists are winners of the Premio New York, a residency program for emerging Italian artists sponsored by the Italian Cultural Institute of New York, the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Directorate General for Cultural Promotion and Cooperation), the Italian Academy for Advanced Studies, Columbia University, and the International Studio and Curatorial Program Margherita Moscardini will discuss her project Metropolitan Voids Agency, which reflects on the subversive nature of a rock wedged between two buildings in the Hudson Heights section of Manhattan (at 6:30). Andrea Nacciarriti presents Polyporaceae, an installation about issues of formalization in the work of composer John Cage. The piece includes material from Cage's little-known appearance on an Italian quiz show in 1959 in which he won 5000 lira for his knowledge about mushrooms. Event is at the Italian Cultural Institute, 686 Park Avenue. Margherita Moscardini (Italy, 1981) studied Cultural Anthropology in Bologna, Italy and she attended the Advanced Course in Visual Arts of Antonio Ratti Foundation, Como, Italy, with Yona Friedman. Her work has been recently exhibited at MMCA Changdong, National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Seoul, South Korea, Italian Institute of Culture of Istanbul, Turkey, MACRO, Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome, Italy, ArtToday CCA, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, SongEun Art Space, Seoul, South Korea, Schauwerk Foundation, Stuttgart, Germany, Palazzo Reale, Milan, Italy, Palazzo Strozzi Foundation, Firenze, Italy. She is currently based in New York, as a resident of the International Studio & Curatorial Program (ISCP) and as a fellow of the Italian Academy of Advanced Studies in America, Columbia University, supported by the Italian Cultural Institute of New York (New York Prize 2014-2015). Andrea Nacciarriti (born 1976, Ostra Vetere, Italy) has work included in both the Foundation Antoine de Galbert, Paris and La Gaia Collection, Italy. Recent solo exhibitions include Pescheria Foundation Visual Arts Center, Pesaro, Italy; Centre d'Art Bastille, Grenoble, France; and Franco Soffiantino Gallery, Torino. Nacciarriti has been included in group exhibitions at MACRO, Rome; La Maison Rouge, Paris; and Le Fresnoy, Studio National des Arts Contemporains, France. He is currently based in New York, as a resident of the International Studio & Curatorial Program (ISCP) and as a fellow of the Italian Academy of Advanced Studies in America, Columbia University, supported by the Italian Cultural Institute of New York (New York Prize 2014-2015).


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good coffee = great
run tee shirt
Each tee purchase will include a 6oz half-batch of freshly-roasted Bella's Beans coffee, a Bella Head sticker and an exclusive 50% off promo code to order more coffee!
Note, coffee will be roasted the weekend after your shirt purchase and mailed directly to their door the following Monday (separately from your tee - to ensure maximum freshness)!
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The final months of Janis Joplin's life are a chaotic blend of ups and downs. She starts a relationship with a drug dealer she just met. She gets into a fight with Jerry Lee Lewis backstage at one of his shows. She races her producer, Paul Rothchild, on the PCH in dueling Porsches. And when she doesn't show up to the studio for a scheduled session, everyone fears the worst.
Janis: Her Life and Music, by Holly George-Warren
Backstage with Janis Joplin: Doubts, Drugs and Compassion (NPR)
On the Road with Janis Joplin, by John Byrne Cooke
A Midnight Call from Janis Joplin: Ben Fong-Torres Tells All (KQED)
Hey, Janis Is Feeling Great! (Rolling Stone)
Seth Morgan's Last Ride (JanisJoplin.net)
The Last Ride of a Rebel Writer (Washington Post)
What Happened to Janis Joplin's Porsche? (American Blues Scene)


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Pyramid 43079 Black Replacement Ribbon for 2500 & 2650Pro time clocks comes in an airtight sealed construction that prevents ink from drying out or leaking.
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When I meet people for the first time and we start talking about what we do and I tell them about the new firm we founded, inevitably the first question ...
Rule of 78
What is the Rule of 78 anyway?
Rule of 78 is a mathematical proof that is fundamentally important for any recurring billing business. The compounding effect of recurring sales generates exponential growth for businesses with consistently growing recurring sales. At Rule of 78, we truly live up to our name! Our goal is to help businesses like yours embrace exponential growth through professional consulting and strategy implementation services.
Tap into the knowledge and experience of our consultants
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And we're ready to do the same for you
In 2004, Rule of 78's Bob Boyd was recruited as President and CEO, and Bill Boyd as Executive Chairman of the Board. Under the leadership of the Boyds, Agility went from 300 customers to 20,000 clients, and the sales team expanded from three salespeople to over 60. Agility is widely recognized as the industry and thought leader in the disaster recovery industry in North America, and has successfully recovered over 1,000 organizations to date.
Bill Boyd was named CEO and Chairman of the Board to plan, execute, and lead Muzak's strategic evolution. Under Bill's leadership, Muzak completed several add-on acquisitions and increased EBITDA from $8 million to over $25 million. Bob Boyd also joined Muzak as Vice President in 1997, and managed the rapid expansion of their services, resulting in growth from 5,000 clients to over 50,000 by 2004 when he departed.
That's what we deliver to our clients
As the majority shareholder in Agility Recovery Solutions, we had the privilege of working with Bill, Bob and Andy for more than a decade to take a small product line acquired from GE and build it into the leader in its category. They are an absolutely outstanding team of high energy experts who know how to recruit and train great managers, develop high-performance sales teams, set strategy and operate at the highest level of excellence with a customer-first culture. They led Agility to a more than 10x return for our fund and in so doing created a company that is truly built to last. We hope to become partners with them again and give them our highest recommendation.
Mark Jennings
Managing Partner
Generation Partners
I have had the privilege of working with Bob and Bill Boyd for over 10 years. Bill is more than capable of explaining a complex business in such a simple and straightforward manner, and Bob is an incredibly hard working leader, who communicates with all stakeholders in a transparent manner. My relationship with the Boyd's extended to three additional successful investments: iVerify, ScentAir, and Focus Four. Their professional conduct was consistent in all of their activities. I enthusiastically endorse both of them as strong leaders with proven track records in delivering profitable sales growth.
David Faris
Salem Investment Partners
Our blog will show you how
Rule of 78
When I meet people for the first time and we start talking about what we do and I tell them about the new firm we founded, inevitably the first question ...


text: new hire was in jail on his first day, I'm drowning in work, and more by Alison Green on October 23, 2019 It's five answers to five questions. Here we go… 1. New hire was in jail on his first day My company hired a new person on my team. He was scheduled to start on a Monday but pushed back a week at the last minute. The rumor around the office was that his flight home that weekend was canceled, but he didn't notify our boss of it until minutes before he was expected in. Next Monday he didn't come in, and no one could get in touch with him. We eventually discovered that he was in jail. He claimed he was pulled over on the way to work for a traffic violation, then found out he had an outstanding warrant from a traffic ticket mix-up over ten years ago. Unsurprisingly, when he did make it in later that week, he was immediately fired. I'm wondering how reasonable it was to fire him. A responsible, organized friend of mine also got in trouble from a traffic ticket she was never notified of, so I know his story isn't impossible and doesn't mean he's a bad person. On the other hand, missing your start day because you're in jail is never a good look — doubly so after he pushed back his start date the first time. My company has a very open culture so I would have some room to encourage us not to put inappropriate weight on what is often a very flawed legal system. This is one of those things you'd probably get more grace for when you've worked there a while and are a known quantity but is more likely to be held against you if it happens on your first day — because as a new hire, your employer has far fewer data points on you and so there's less counterweight to the alarm of the arrest and jail. When you combine it with him already pushing his start date back a week because of shady-sounding circumstances (not telling your boss until minutes before he was expected in), that combo from a new hire is going to be really hard to get over. If the first part hadn't happened and it was just the traffic arrest, then yes, it would be worth using some capital to stand up for the guy if you're in a position to. We don't want companies automatically pulling job offers or firing people because of minor mix-ups or assuming being jailed is the same thing as being guilty. In this case, though, I can see why your company felt like it was too much when combined with the first week. 2. I'm drowning in work I'm an analyst, previously a team lead with two junior analysts. Both of the junior analysts quit a few months ago, and haven't been replaced. One position was eliminated, and our CEO keeps shooting down candidates for the second, so I've been on my own for over four months with no relief in sight. During that time, we also switched software platforms so all of our old reports have to be recreated in the new system, there have been a host of problems with the conversion, and basically everything takes three times longer than it used to (if we can do it at all). And as the sole remaining analyst, all the requests and problems get dumped on me now, plus a whole lot of clerical work that I hate. I have always been a high performer but am now reduced to putting out fires — and only the really big fires at that — because I'm trying to do three jobs and learn new software and create new processes … you get the picture. My boss has been very good about setting priorities and keeping the rest of the C-suite off my back, but every time I open my inbox, I feel sick about the number of requests I'm ignoring. Most people are pretty understanding, but they all need the things they're asking for and I can't deliver. I'm so tired of telling people "I'm sorry, I don't know when I can get that to you" and I feel like my reputation is in tatters. I've started looking for a new job, because this isn't sustainable. How do I remain professional at work when what I want to do is crawl under my desk and hide? Instead of saying "I don't know when I can get that to you," start giving more information! Say something like, "We're down from three people to just one right now so we're triaging all requests and focusing mainly on XYZ. That means that realistically I can't say when this will come back to you. If you need it prioritized, you could talk to (manager) and see if we can bump something for it." This has the advantage of (a) explaining more about the situation and (b) potentially creating more pressure up the chain for new hires to be made. Also, keep a running list of everything you're not getting to, including all of these requests, and give it to your manager weekly. Having it organized and written down could make it easier for her to press the case for hiring. (You might also let her know that you can't see staying in this situation for long, which could help her light a fire above her — but only if you trust her to handle that well.) But most importantly, it's crucial to shift your mindset from "all this work needs to be done" to "I am here to do the work of one person, and the company has decided it's okay with the other two-thirds being on hold." And maybe, "All I need to do with the other two-thirds is write it down on a list so it's captured for someone in the future." Read an update to this letter. 3. I sent an email about my coworker's embarrassing moment and it ended up on Twitter I attended a meeting at work where one of my coworkers, ahem, "broke wind" during a big meeting. I thought her recovery was remarkable, so I wrote an email about the incident to a friend who was not there. I sent the email to the wrong person (not a coworker), who proceeded to tweet it out to her followers for laughs. It got 39 retweets and 187 likes! I didn't mention her last name or the name of the company. Should I tell my coworker what happened, or just hope she never hears about it? Here's what I wrote in the email: "Jane farted during the presentation to the Exec Committee, and I had a front-row seat. And of course this would happen in front of the whole team in the main conference room. She stood up, introduced herself, and let one rip. Of all the things!! NEVERTHELESS, SHE PERSISTED. Instead of dying of embarrassment, she said, 'Oh, wow. Excuse me! I wanted to finish with a bang, not start with one.' Everybody laughed! Carl said afterwards the presentation was terrific and thanked her for 'a memorable morning.' I told her later that she was my new hero. This is what you miss when working from home." She is a hero for the ages. I am extremely impressed with her. Is she the type who would appreciate the tweet? Or be embarrassed by it? I don't think you have to tell her, but it might be worth contacting the person who posted it and asking them to take it down. (Of course, now it is here, but we're not Twitter and also I changed some of the non-essential details in it to lower the chances of identification.) Read an update to this letter here. 4. "Is this employee eligible for re-hire?" As a manager, how do I answer the reference question "Is this employee re-hirable?" for former employees? I've been asked this a few times by reference checkers. My business is small, less than 10 people. Generally, when an employee leaves, they are replaced within a few months and I have no openings. Is this question a general one? As in, if circumstances allow, would you re-hire this person? Or is it specific in that you would re-hire them tomorrow? I'd like to give my former employees a good reference. No, it just means "if you had an appropriate job opening, would you consider this person for it?" The wording stems from how many companies will record exiting employees as either "eligible for re-hire" or "ineligible for re-hire." Employees might be marked as "ineligible for re-hire" if they were fired for misconduct, in case they apply in the future and the person considering their application doesn't know the history of the top of their head. So when reference checkers ask this, they're asking, "Would you be open to hiring this employee again if you had a suitable opening, or is your company not willing to work with them again?" 5. Asking people to apply without making them think the job is theirs Recently we had a vacancy at the small facility that I manage, in a position with a really strong but small local network. I've reached out to several strong candidates asking about their interest in applying, and letting them know I would welcome their application. This includes one of our part-time staff with over a decade's experience who may want to transition back to full-time. How do I share my confidence in their ability to do the job, without making it sound like they are a shoo-in candidate? I'd hate for these people in my network to feel isolated after applying by request, but then not be chosen. But obviously as site manager, I want to find the strongest candidate pool that we can. You would think that people would know that being encouraged to apply doesn't mean they're a shoo-in — but a lot of people are surprised or upset when they don't end up getting the job in these circumstances, so you're right to want to set expectations appropriately. I would say something like, "We're talking with a lot of people, but I think you could be great and I'd love to have you apply if you're interested." Or, "I should be up-front that we have a pretty rigorous assessment process, but I'd love to talk more with you about it." Really, anything that tempers it a bit and makes it clear it's not just "you apply and the job is yours." Also, if you do end up rejecting any of these people, make sure you either call them or send them a personalized note rather than using a form letter. That will give you a chance to contextualize the decision ("we had an unexpected number of really strong applicants," "this is no reflection on my confidence in you," etc.) and ensure they don't feel a disconnect between the personal outreach on the front end and a form letter later on. You may also like:you need a not-to-do listhelp! my workload is too high and I'm burning outdid my intern frame my coworker for credit card theft? { 336 comments }


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The team at No.14 is dedicated to offering you the highest level of service, preserving your privacy while making you feel perfectly at home. With a dedicated team of 15 staff members, there is always someone on hand to help, any time of day or night.
Chalet Facilities
10-metre indoor swimming pool
Spa with hammam, cold plunge pool and Jacuzzi
2 treatment rooms
1 outdoor cedar hot tub
Home cinema room with Wii, X-Box and other games
Spacious and bright living room
Wi-Fi and Sky TV
Large south-facing terrace
Fully stocked complimentary bar
A fantastic team of dedicated staff
Incredible chefs
24-hour in-resort chauffeur service
Outside, there is one irresistible cedar hot tub on the south-facing terrace. Enjoy a moment around the fire and the outdoor bar to relax before the sun goes down.
Cinema Room
For any guests who fancy a film night, No. 14 has a home cinema room complete with cosy seating, blankets and dimmed lighting for the ultimate viewing experience. Netflix, Sky TV and games consoles make this the perfect retreat for teenagers and children.
No.14's spa facilities are a welcome treat after a hard day on the slopes. The 10-metre indoor pool, steam room, Jacuzzi and cold plunge pool are perfect for relaxing tired muscles, all with a glass of chilled champagne to hand.
There are two treatment rooms and massages and beauty treatments can be booked at any time during the day or evening.
No.14 has a complimentary 24-hour driver service, so whenever you want to be transported anywhere within the resort of Verbier, one of the chalet's 4×4 vehicles will be just a few minutes away.
Stuck in your ski boots at an après-ski bar? One of our drivers will happily bring your shoes to you so you can show off your best moves. And if you want to enjoy Verbier's legendary nightlife (we can't blame you there!) our drivers will pick you up whenever you want.


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I finally got around to buying Supergrass' 2005 release "Road to Rouen," only to learn that Supergrass' sixth studio album will be released this Spring.
You can catch a video of the first single on YouTube:
The first thing I noticed in the video was that Mick Quinn was missing! Has Supergrass become a two-piece, a la The White Stripes? No, it turns out that Mick had a freak accident:
The bass player and vocalist sleepwalked out of a first floor window of the villa where he was staying in the South of France.
Quinn was rushed to a specialist spinal unit in Toulouse where surgeons operated to repair two broken vertebrae as well as a smashed heel.
He is expected to make a full recovery, although it could take several months.
Weird, huh? Thank god he didn't kill himself. I was a somnambulist as a child, so I can empathize with Mick. One time I walked to the girl next door's house in my underwear. I awoke to find myself on the front porch with the girl's parents staring at me, not sure why I was at their door in the middle of the night. The last episode I know about was in boot camp. I was told by a friend that I got up out of bed and walked to the end of the barracks, ready to proceed downstairs. My friend asked me, "Where are you going?" I mumbled something and then he led me back to my bunk. He told me what happened a few days later and although I don't recall a thing, I trust that he was telling me the truth. Why did it come up? A few of us were talking about other recruits who were talking in their sleep. I was fortunate that he was a friend, otherwise I might have been discharged. Even luckier was that I didn't make it to the outdoor staircase — our barracks were on the fourth floor.


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Mocute 054MX Wireless Bluetooth Controller Gamepad Nintendo Switch PC Game Pad Gaming Joystick PUBG For Android Windows
054 Red:
1. Case for the smartphone: Enable your device under a full protection.
2. Slim and portable: A perfect fit for your device while adding only 5 mm of thickness.
3. Using environmentally friendly material, more durable: The front cover is dust-proof, while the back cover is drop-resistant and hard to get dirty.
4. Synthetic exterior and smooth interior provide comprehensive protection for your mobile phone.
5. MOCUTE-054 Portable Bluetooth Wireless Game Controller with Phone Clip, for Android / iOS Devices / PC
6. Transmission distance: 2 - 8m
7. Built in rechargeable lithium-ion battery
Model: MOCUTE - 054
Functions: Bluetooth
Compatible with: Android,IOS
Connection Type: Bluetooth
System support: Android,IOS
Material: ABS
Battery Type: Built-in
Battery Capacity (mAh): 400mAh
Charge way: USB Charge
Charging Time: 2 - 3 hours
Working Time: 20 - 30 hours
054MX Yellow:
Difference with 054 Red: Sensing: [6-axis gyroscope vibration] and [Vibration motor: asymmetrical eccentric double motor], that 054 Red doesn't have
1.Bluetooth, can support 2~10 meters wide range of control from the operation.
2.Built-in lithium battery(400mAh), after charging, it can be sustainable of 40 hours, safe and stable.
3.Used for mobile phone, MID, TV box(which can support Bluetooth function), smart TV, PC, etc
Model: MOCUTE-054Mx
Size: 158*110*52mm
Battery: Rechargeable lithium battery 3.7V400mA
Wireless: support Distance: 2-10 meters
System: Android LATEST+/For iOS14+/PC/For NINTENDO SWITCH
Working time: continuous game> 20 hours
Wireless Protocol: Wireless 3.0/4.0 Compliant
Sensing: 6-axis gyroscope vibration
Vibration motor: asymmetrical eccentric double motor
Setting Mocute 054MX setting for ios 13+ : https://youtu.be/4ikMXRiLQL8


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Miners worldwide have just approved the very first bitcoin upgrade in four years. It is an uncommon moment of agreement amongst stakeholders, and crypto specialists inform CNBC it's a pretty big deal for the world's most popular cryptocurrency.
The upgrade is called Taproot, and it's due to take effect in November. When it does, it will suggest more excellent deal personal privacy and performance– and crucially, it will open the capacity for wise contracts, a key feature of its blockchain innovation that eliminates mediators from even the most complicated deals.
" Taproot matters because it opens a breadth of opportunity for entrepreneurs thinking about broadening bitcoin's utility," stated Alyse Killeen, Creator and Managing Partner of bitcoin-focused venture company Stillmark.
Unlike bitcoin's 2017 upgrade– described as the "last civil war" because of the controversial ideological divide separating adherents– Taproot has near-universal support, in part because these changes are reasonably incremental enhancements to the code.
Bitcoin's transformation relates to digital signatures, which you can consider the private fingerprint leaves on every deal they make.
The cryptocurrency uses something called the "Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm," which is created from the private secret that manages a bitcoin wallet and guarantees that the rightful owner can invest bitcoin. According to Alejandro De La Torre, Vice President at Hong Kong-headquartered main mining pool, the taproot will switch to Schnorr signatures, which essentially makes multi-signature transactions unreadable Pooling.
In practice, that means greater privacy because your keys will not have as much direct exposure on the chain. "You can concealing who you are a bit much better, which is great," stated Brandon Arvanaghi, formerly a security engineer at crypto exchange Gemini.
It will not translate to higher privacy for your bitcoin address on the public blockchain. Still, it will make basic transactions equivalent from more complex and comprised of several signatures.
These souped-up signatures are likewise a game-changer for wise contracts, self-executing arrangements that survive on the blockchain. Smart agreements can, in theory, be used for almost any kind of transaction, from paying your rent monthly to registering your vehicle.
Taproot makes smart agreements more affordable and smaller regarding the space they take up on the blockchain. Killeen states that this enhanced performance and effectiveness provides "astonishing capacity."
Presently, we can produce clever contracts on bitcoin's core protocol layer and on the Lightning Network, a payments platform built on bitcoin, allowing immediate transactions. Smart contracts executed on the Lightning Network generally lead to faster and less pricey deals.
" Lightning deals can be fractions of a cent … while a bitcoin transaction at the core protocol layer can be a lot more costly than that," described Killeen.
Developers have begun building on Lightning in anticipation of the upgrade, allowing for specific agreements.
" The most important thing for Taproot is … smart contracts," stated Fred Thiel, CEO of cryptocurrency mining expert Marathon Digital Holdings. "It's already the primary driver of development on the ethereum network. Smart contracts permit you to construct applications and companies on the blockchain."
As more programmers construct clever contracts on top of bitcoin's blockchain, there is likewise the potential for bitcoin to become more of a gamer on the planet of DeFi, or decentralized finance, a term utilized to explain monetary applications developed to eliminate the intermediary.
Today, ethereum dominates as the blockchain of option for these apps likewise referred to as "dapps.".
Though the bitcoin community has accepted the upgrade, the rollout will not happen till November. A great deal of screening ahead of time will minimize the likelihood of something failing during an upgrade.
" Upgrades enable the– exceptionally remote– possibility of a bug getting in the system, which would destroy self-confidence in the whole cryptocurrency system, effectively wiping it out– a 'self-inflicted wound' if you like," stated Jason Deane, an expert at Quantum Economics.
Deane says this is why upgrade processes are carefully checked, retested, and consistently vetted over long durations before being deployed.
Many also keep in mind the disastrous migration of 2013, when an upgrade has failed, bitcoin momentarily split in half.
" You don't desire various customers or miners in the procedure out of sync. That's how disastrous things happen," Nic Carter, founding partner at Castle Island Ventures, informed CNBC. "Since we don't want a repeat of 2013, we have this incredibly long preparation.".
[…] longest course seems to be carrying out BTC and other cryptos into online video games. That consists of popular PC and console titles that […]


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Betsy Teter
The Boy Scouts of America is dropping the gendered pronoun and allowing girls to be members. The Girl Scouts better adapt fast if it wants to stay relevant.
In October, the 107-year-old Boy Scouts of America announced that it will begin accepting girls as Cub and Eagle scouts for the first time. But the Girl Rangers toppled this gender barrier more than 48 years ago.


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Taking queues from classic pop, rock'n'roll, and Americana, New York's Hollis Brown combines raw rock sensibilities with sweet melodies and hearfelt lyrics to create a rich, warm sound that can fill any room. The combination of an urban upbringing and throwback musical influences of traditional blues contributed heavily to the band's sound.
The band's new record Ride On The Train will be released March 5 on Alive Natural Sound Records. You can find an atomic orange copy HERE.
Latest posts by Christopher Anthony (see all)
- Album Stream Premiere: Routine Faces – Us Vs. Them - June 23, 2021
- Premiere Fire Track: Ben Bostick – "Different Woman" - June 22, 2021
- Artists Of The Week: Discover, Support, Share - June 18, 2021


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IF in Berlin for IBT, Faenza and Argillà's promotion in the forefront
From March 7th to 11th a delegation from IF Imola Faenza Tourism Company participated in Berlin's IBT, one of the largest and most important international exhibitions. They were hosted in the booth run by Enit – Stand of Emilia-Romagna.
2018, a year filled with activities at the MIC
Three first class exhibits are arriving at Museo Internazionale delle Ceramiche di Faenza (International Ceramics Museum): Lenci, the International Contemporary Ceramic Biennial and pre-Columbian ceramics.
Travel in virtual reality with geoVR
In Imola the first Italian presentation of geoVR, a virtual platform developed by a Norwegian team to travel among UNESCO sites with a pair of 3D glasses.
Camminar per sagre, see you in 2018!
Success for the debut of the initiative devised by IF to raise awareness of nature, villages and cuisine in the area between Imola and Faenza. It will return in spring of 2018.
Tourism growing in Faenza and Imola
Tourist numbers: Faenza +6,5% and Imola + 14% in the first nine months of 2017. Also doing well are Casola Valsenio, Riolo Terme, Brisighella, Castel San Pietro Terme and Dozza.
From Argentina to the Caucasus coming to visit Emilia Romagna
Tour operators from all over the world – accompanied by the Erbacci Group of Faenza and IF – come to discover our territory to include it in Lufthansa tourist packages: vintage cars and cooking classes have conquered the international delegation.
Camminar per sagre, at the start the new IF initiative
Discover the wonders of the Appennines of Imola and Faenza, with trekking and lunch at the festivals of our valleys. There is also the option of overnight stay. First appointment: 7-8 October 2017 at the Festival of Forgotten Fruits of Casola.
Guided tour and aperitif at the MIC
The last Tuesday to experience the emotions and grandeur of art accompanied by delicacies and excellent food and wine for all tastes.
Hills to Enjoy, from the Riviera to the Autodromo
The first groups of tourists from Cervia are on their way to partake in the program of visits that will continue until 17 August.
Erbacci group obtains "3 Star" quality from Lufthansa City Center
An important and prestigious recognition, unique in its kind up to now in Italy, is given to the Erbacci Group of Faenza, partner of "IF – Imola Faenza Tourism Company".


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Shure ULXD4D Dual Digital Wireless Receiver
With ULX-D, Shure has created a breakthrough digital wireless system that incorporates a collection of technological innovations into one easy-to-use professional wireless system. Offering an unparalleled mix of audio quality, RF performance, scalable hardware solutions, and intelligent battery technology, ULX-D defines the next generation of digital wireless excellence.
Key Features Of The ULXD4D Dual Digital Wireless Receiver:
Dual Digital Wireless Receiver with internal power supply, 1/2 Wave Antenna and Rack Mounting Hardware


text:
Free Shipping Over RM150*
Checkout Our Exclusive Giftboxes
Produced by grilling every handcrafted slice with our family recipe sauce.
Using only first-grade meat that has never been frozen.
Knock together with precisely handcrafted each and every piece of our BBQ Meat.
Never used any fillers to reduce our production costs.


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