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The new SLOW CRAFTED collection is based on the original recipe Johan Bülow cooked when LAKRIDS BY BÜLOW was founded on Bornholm in 2007. Johan Bülow had spent a whole year in his mother's kitchen with a dream of re-inventing licorice by elevating it to a gourmet experience. The slow crafted licorice is gently cooked in an open batch for four hours and hand crafted creating a rich caramellike texture of the licorice.
Only using the very best carefully sourced organic ingredients, the SLOW CRAFTED range captures the original taste of LAKRIDS BY BÜLOW for an unrivalled taste experience loved by true licorice connoisseurs. The SLOW CRAFTED collection introduces three varieties of chocolate-covered licorice, MANGO VANILLA, CARAMEL DATE and DARK TRUFFLE in recycled glass jars designed for reuse.
The magic moment where some of nature's most exclusive organic ingredients meet. For MANGO VANILLA, we have gathered some of nature's finest treasures: Fresh and fruity Alphonso mango and sweet Bourbon vanilla. By combining these with creamy white chocolate and a SLOW CRAFTED licorice core, you will experience an intense yet smooth balance between fruity and sweet.
A delightful organic chocolate treat with a distinguished surprise at its core. Bite into this fine cocoa dusted DARK TRUFFLE to meet a thin layer of dark chocolate with fruity notes followed by a smooth layer of creamy milk chocolate. Then, as you just thought it couldn't get more delicious, you reach the chewy SLOW CRAFTED licorice core and the enjoyment is complete.
Enjoy organic sweets of nature in a surprisingly delicious combination. In CARAMEL DATE smooth dulce chocolate and crunchy Maldon sea salt flakes meet one of nature's sweetest treats: Deglet Nour dates, creating an incredibly creamy and indulgent experience. When you get to the core, you are met by the rich caramellike SLOW CRAFTED licorice creating a lingering experience that leaves you longing for more.
Some people like to keep it simple. A - THE ORIGINAL was the first product developed when Johan Bülow had the original idea to coat gourmet licorice with chocolate. Simple, powerful and instantly addictive. For ANNIVERSARY, the original recipe is remastered in an all-organic variety celebrating the 15 year anniversary of LAKRIDS BY BÜLOW. Bite into a thin layer of fine licorice powder, rich Belgian milk chocolate and a SLOW CRAFTED core of chewy licorice all made exclusively with organic ingredients. Simple, perfected and just as addictive.
The SLOW CRAFTED collection is based on the original recipe Johan Bülow cooked when LAKRIDS BY BULOW was founded on the island of Bornholm in 2007. The SLOW CRAFTED licorice is gently cooked for four hours and hand crafted, creating a rich caramelized texture of the licorice, unlike any other.
No. Our liquorice is free from gluten and gelatine.
Our SLOW CRAFTED products are hand crafted, using the best carefully sourced organic ingredients, which capture the original taste of LAKRIDS BY BULOW for an unrivalled taste experience. With sustainability front of mind at each stage of production, it is the first time that we introduce the SLOW CRAFTED range in premium, recycled glass packaging, specifically designed for reuse.
The jar is designed for reuse, made from 56% recycled glass. The label is made of FSC-certified paper. When you have enjoyed the licorice, you can easily remove the label with warm water and cleanse the jar in the dishwasher before reusing it for just about anything - the lid closes tight, so you can bring your daily juice, smoothie or iced coffee on the go. The glass jar even has functional measurements engraved, so you know just how to mix your kitchen creations.
You can use the jar for just about anything, from your daily juice, smoothie or iced coffee, to fresh homemade pickles, homemade jam, storing leftover food, etc. The sky is the limit.
Yes, it is the same DARK TRUFFLE, MANGO VANILLA, and CARAMEL DATE as we tested last year in our LAKRIDS LOVERS taste panel. All of your feedback showed us that these variants were instant favourites and here to stay.
Yes! We will constantly be testing new flavours within our LAKRIDS LOVERS panel and create exciting taste combinations. It is an unrushed, uncompromised process to find the perfect taste combination. Find out more here: https://lakridsbybulow.com/lakrids-lovers-lab
The jar is 14.4 cm high, just like our iconic regular jar. Each jar can be filled with up to 4 dl (400 ml) of liquid.
The glass jar is dishwasher safe up to 65 °C.
Each jar contains 265 grams of licorice.
Yes, we're currently exploring how we can optimise our processes and become more sustainable in the future. SLOW CRAFTED range is an important step towards a more sustainable production system. Read more at lakridsbybulow.com/sustainability
Yes, all SLOW CRAFTED products are available online, at our own LAKRIDS BY BÜLOW boutiques and selected partner stores.
Our licorice should optimally be stored in a dark and cool room (But room temperature around 20 - 23 °C is okay). Keep away from moisture and heat.


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Stag a kid as long as you can You're a grown up for / most of your lift. Embrace being young and have fun / / Stay a kid as long as / you can. You're a grown up for most of your life. Embrace / being young / and have fun.
LAN XING FU SHI / Alice married a rieh man last yoat. They work day and nignt the children are taken good care It here year by year. Ist's join together to pratect wildlife / CHINA BELONGS TO THE THIPDWORLD /
Suddenly the woman visted Visted then, she dug it it was the miracle the flower I drew long ago bloomed again after so many years

subset: commoncrawl


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Winter is coming! If you're not cold yet, chances are you will be. Snow is about to pile up, and keeping warm will suddenly become your new hobby!
If you're like me, one of the first things to get cold for you is your fingers. I'm not sure why, but ever since I was young, my hands always get cold fast. I've tried those hand warmers you can buy at stores, but I hate the idea of throwing out those chemicals time and time again.
Which is why I'm so glad I stumbled on this video – did you know there's a way to create a reusable hand warmer using only vinegar and boiling water? Hot ice, as it's called, can heat up to 130 degrees, is completely non-toxic, and can be used time and time again! The best part is that it only takes about an hour to make!
Would you try something like this?
Please Share!


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Cinven acquires UK's Kurt Geiger
British footwear and accessories brand Kurt Geiger, the largest retailer of luxury footwear in Europe, has been acquired by Cinven from owners Sycamore Partners.
Cinven did not reveal how much it paid for the brand, which has over 80 stores and 240 concessions globally. In the year ended 31 December 2014, Kurt Geiger generated sales of £260m and Cinven said its a "highly attractive investment opportunity."
Among other things, this is due to Kurt Geiger's further expansion opportunities, proven track record of consistent growth, and the growing UK footwear market.
Maxim Crewe, Partner at Cinven, commented: "Kurt Geiger represents an exciting opportunity to acquire the UK's leading women's footwear and accessories company with significant international growth and consolidation opportunities. The business enjoys an attractive specialist retail model with multiple brands and routes to market. It is led by a strong, experienced and committed management team and we are looking forward to working with them to achieve the next phase of growth under Cinven's ownership."
Neil Clifford, Chief Executive at Kurt Geiger, said: "We are delighted to be welcoming Cinven as our partners as they share our long term vision for the business. Our ambitions are significant and we believe Kurt Geiger will continue its successful track record of delivering strong growth both domestically and on the international stage".
Copyright © 2023 FashionNetwork.com All rights reserved.


text: Top Stories Fire destroys Tucville range houses February 4, 2019 Several persons were rendered homeless after a Sunday morning fire destroyed at least two range houses in Tucville, Georgetown. The fire started in the upper flat of the Lot 3-C Tucville terraced house that was occupied by 33-year-old Tonya George and her four children. Guyana Times understands that all five members were at home at the time of the fire which started in one of the bedrooms. George's sister told this publication that the distraught woman was unsure of what caused the inferno that completely destroyed the house and everything inside. After an alarm was raised about the fire, residents rushed out and attempted to put out the blaze but were unable to prevent it from spreading to the neighbouring range houses. While the Lot 3-D house only suffered a scorched bedroom in the upper flat, the upstairs of Lot 3-B was completely destroyed by the fire and the lower flat suffered extensive water damage. Maureen Daniels-Clarke, who along with her disabled husband, daughter-in-law and two grandchildren lives in the house, told this newspaper that she was in the lower flat when someone alerted them about the fire. "When I came out, I saw the house next door on fire and there was smoke coming out from upstairs (in my house)," the elderly woman related. She recalled running in her house and when she looked up the stairs the upper flat was filled with thick smoke. "We couldn't do anything or save anything, we just run out," Daniels-Clarke stated. She further told this newspaper that the firefighters arrived about 20 minutes later but by that time her entire upstairs was engulfed in the blaze. Guyana Times understands that three fire tenders, including one from the Guyana Prison Service, responded to the report and managed to douse the blaze after some time. Meanwhile, an investigation has been launched by the Guyana Fire Service to determine the origin of the fire.


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Cunning Systems evaluates product and service ideas in computing and communications. We advise on technical feasibility, investment potential and possible paths to monetization, undertaking short and longer term projects in the USA and Europe with early stage companies.
We participate in the startup ecosystems in Silicon Valley and the UK, and occasionally make angel investments.
New web site and recent blog posting at https://wp.cunningsystems.com/


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Spotlight on Supply Chain Risk Management at SASIG
i-confidential Director Colin Fraser spoke at the 7th Edinburgh SASIG, and provides his thoughts on the event below:
"Thank you to SASIG for the opportunity to share some ideas on supply chain risk management at your annual Edinburgh meeting. I continue to be impressed by the commitment that SASIG has to the concept of sharing and helping others within the cyber community. The interaction with such an experienced and extensive group is always rewarding and I never hesitate to contribute and support when asked."
At i-confidential, we have successfully packaged the key elements of supply chain risk management as a module of our i-Deliver framework and deployed this output-based offering to a number of clients. Please contact us if you would like to discuss the rapid deployment which i-Deliver enables and the effective third-party risk management which is achievable within any organisation.


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Jet Cards
By purchasing a jet card you are buying a block of time on a private aircraft. You can buy cards from many charter brokers and charter operators and all the big fractional and closed fleet operators offer prepaid access time. A jet card typically locks in a price per hour that won't change during the use of those hours. These locked in hourly rates are normally good for either a year or two years.
There are two broad structures for jet cards:
- Plane specific – where you prepay for a set number of hours on a specific aircraft type. These are typically 25 hour cards, but we've also seen cards for as few as 5 hours and for up to 50 hours.
- Debit card – where you deposit an initial sum, often starting at $100,000, and then the operator draws from this sum as you use different aircraft at fixed hourly rates. The initial deposit could be lower, for instance we've seen them at $50,000. Or could be higher, which may get you a lower hourly rate on each aircraft type.
All flights are conducted under FAA Part 135 charter regulations, and so you will have to pay the 7.5 % per-leg federal excise tax.
One of the great advantages for card holders is that you are usually not billed directly for deadhead, or unoccupied hours. In other words the rate for one way trips are usually built into the hourly rate for the card. This makes the price per hour for these one way trips fairly competitive, but means that return round trips can be more expensive (than other methods such as charter), although some jet card providers do offer discounts for round trips.
Another big advantage is the consistency of service. With the large fleet operators, such as fractional operators, you'll be flying on their fleet of consistently equipped and maintained aircraft. With the charter brokers you'll have one point of call to arrange your travel needs.
Note, in 2021 and into 2022, due to record levels of demand, several jet card providers have closed their programs to new customers, and card prices have increased quite significantly. In 2022, with the increasing cost of fuel, many jet card providers have added fuel surcharges, or increased their hourly rates.
Read the latest jet card news below and access the full detailed comparison to the right.
Flexjet Restarts Jet Card Sales
Fractional and jet card provider Flexjet had paused card sales during the record demand of the covid pandemic. It has been adding multiple new planes to its fleet and has restarted jet card sales.
Jet Card on HondaJets from Volato
HondaJet operator Volato has launched a jet card program which is ideal for travelers who have some flexibility and for whom the HondaJet fits their mission requirements.
2022 Revenue of $460m for Sentient Jet
One of the largest jet card companies, Sentient Jet is projecting 2022 revenue to reach $460MM, a 11.3% increase from 2021. The jet card provider also says from 35% to 40% of all Sentient Jet flights will be booked digitally during 2022, compared with just 15% of flights prior to the start of the pandemic in 2020.
Magellan Jets Offers 15-Hour Jet Card For College Tours
Aviation solutions provider Magellan Jets has brought back their popular college tours 15-Hour jet card. Aimed at busy families, the card allows parents and students to visit their top universities in one weekend, trips can be spread out to meet the families needs.
Read more: Magellan Jets Offers 15-Hour Jet Card For College Tours
Priester Aviation Relaunches Centerline Jet Card
Priester Aviation, one of the largest private jet operators, is bringing back its Centerline Jet Card. Priester says this 25 hour, guaranteed availability product is for customers who fly frequently and expect concierge-level service.
Vista Acquires Jet Edge
Vista Global Holding (Vista), one of the world's leading private aviation groups, has acquired private jet operator Jet Edge. This is Vista's seventh acquisition since 2018, and increases its global fleet to over 350 owned and managed aircraft.
NetJets Pauses Jet Card Program in 2022
The leading private jet operator NetJets has said it will not be offering jet cards in 2022. Its current focus is on its fractional jet and lease programs and continuing to offer the service levels to these owners.
The Leading Private Aircraft Operators in 2021
Rankings of the leading fractional aircraft and charter operators, showing the largest players in each of these private aviation sectors. Both charter and fractional grew significantly in 2021, as people flocked to private aviation to avoid crowded commercial airports and flights during the pandemic.


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Special Report: Digital Printing: What's New and on the Horizon
So, What's the Forecast?
INTERQUEST estimates that digital manufacturing currently accounts for about 4 percent of all book produc–tion, but that by 2015, it will grow to about 15 percent of the total. In the coming years, inkjet printing will play a major role in the market as the cross-over point between conventional and digital manufacturing moves up, making available more first-run front-list titles as well as longer-run reprints. INTERQUEST also predicts that digital color printing will be used in a greater variety of books, including inserts in trade editions. All in all, book manufacturing is one of the fastest-growing applications of digital printing as run lengths continue to decline and key players in the supply chain continue their efforts to reduce costs—trends that play directly to the strengths of digital printing technology.
David Davis is director of INTERQUEST Ltd., a market and technology research and consulting firm in the field of digital printing and publishing, producing multiclient studies and hosting educational seminars worldwide on book printing and digital printing applications. For more information or to order INTERQUEST's most recent study of the book market, "Digital Book Printing: Market Analysis & Forecast (2010-2015)," call (434) 979-9945 or visit Inter-quest.com.


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Kick the new season off in true vintage style with DIY denims and bold tie dyes, all thanks to our planet-friendly upcycling tutorials.
Take a pair of old jeans- any kind or cut will do.
Turn up the hems
2-4 times.
Cut off just above the rolled hem.
Make another cut at the knee and tear it for some lived-in style.
Zero Waste Fashion!
Use the cut hem as a boho hair tie, perfect for style on the go.


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#hamildays: A Hamilton-Inspired Journey Through the Stacks
Home | Introduction | Act 1 | Act 2 | Bibliography
Books and Pamphlets Collections
Almanacs Collection
Bickerstaff's Boston Almanack, for the Year of Our Redemption, 1778 …. Danvers, Mass.: Ezekiel Russell, [1777].
Daboll, Nathan. Freebetter's New-England Almanack, for the year of our Lord Christ, 1777. Hartford: Nathaniel Patton, [1776].
Daboll, Nathan. Freebetter's New-England Almanack, for the year 1776…. New London, Conn.: Timothy Green, [1775].
Weatherwise's Town and Country Almanack, for the Year of Our Lord, 1782 …. (Boston: Nathaniel Coverly and Robert Hodge, [1781].
Biography Collection
Davis, Matthew L. Memoirs of Aaron Burr. With Miscellaneous Selections from His Correspondence. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1836.
Hamilton, Alexander (1757-1804). Official and Other Papers of the Late Major-General Alexander Hamilton Compiled Chiefly from the Originals in the Possession of Mrs. Hamilton. Vol. I . New York: Wiley & Putnam, 1842.
Hamilton, John C. The Life of Alexander Hamilton. New York: Halsted & Voorhies, 1834.
Schroeder, John Frederick. Life and Times of Washington Containing a Particular Account of National Principles and Events, and of the Illustrious Men of the Revolution. Part 7. New York: Fry & Chappel, 1857.
Children's Literature Collection
Andersen, Hans Christian. The Dream of Little Tuk, and Other Tales. Translated by Charles Boner. Boston: James Monroe and Company, 1848.
Andersen, Hans Christian. A Picture-Book without Pictures: and Other Stories. Translated by Mary Howitt. New York: C.S. Francis & Co.; Boston: J.H. Francis, 1848.
Andersen, Hans Christian. Stories from Hans Andersen. First Series. Boston: J.E. Tilton & Co., 1868.
Emblems of Mortality; Representing in Upwards of Fifty Cuts, Death Seizing All Ranks and Degrees of People; Imitated from a Painting in the Cemetery of the Dominican Church at Basil, in Switzerland: With an Apostrophe to Each; Translated from the Latin and French. Intended as Well for the Information of the Curious, and the Instruction and Entertainment of Youth …. 1st American ed. Hartford: John Babcock, 1801.
Nurse Truelove's New-Year's Gift: or, The Book of Books for Children. Adorned With Cuts. And Designed for a Present to Every Little Boy Who Would Become a Great Man, and Ride Upon a Fine Horse; and to Every Little Girl, Who Would Become a Fine Woman, and Ride in a Governour's Gilt Coach …. 1st Worcester edition. Worcester, Mass.: Isaiah Thomas, 1786.
Classed Collections
Edwards, Jonathan. The Works of President Edwards: With a Memoir of His Life. In Ten Volumes. Vol. 1. New York: Sherman Converse, 1829.
The Rejected Addresses; Together With the Prize Address, Presented for the Prize Medal, Offered for the Best Address, on the Opening of the New Park Theatre, in the City of New-York . New York: Nathaniel Smith, 1821.
Colleges Collection
Dod, William A. History of the College of New Jersey, from Its Commencement, A.D., 1746, to 1783. (Prepared originally for the Princeton Whig, Feb., 1844.). Princeton: J.T. Robinson, 1844.
Dated Books Collection
Callender, James Thomson. The History of the United States for 1796; Including a Variety of Interesting Particulars Relative to the Federal Government Previous to That Period . Philadelphia: Snowden & McCorkle,1797.
Jefferson, Thomas. Notes on the State of Virginia. Philadelphia: Prichard and Hall, 1788.
Hamilton, Alexander (1739-1802). Outlines of the Theory and Practice of Midwifery ... To Which Are Added Smellie's Anatomical Tables, With Explanations. Philadelphia: Archibald Bertram, 1806.
Hamilton, Alexander (1757-1804). A Full Vindication of the Measures of the Congress, From the Calumnies of Their Enemies; in Answer to a Letter, Under the Signature of A.W. Farmer …. New York: James Rivington, 1774.
Hamilton, Alexander (1757-1804). Observations on Certain Documents Contained in No. V & VI of "The History of the United States for the Year 1796," in Which the Charge of Speculation Against Alexander Hamilton, Late Secretary of the Treasury, is Fully Refuted . Philadelphia: John Bioren for John Fenno, 1797.
Longworth's American Almanack, New-York Register, and City Directory, for the Twenty-Second Year of American Independence …. New York: T. & J. Swords, 1797.
Martel, Michael. Martel's Elements. Containing, I. New Essays on Education… II. An Introduction to the French Language… III. A Selection of Delicate Bon-mots…. New York: C.C. van Alen & Co. for Michael Martel, 1796.
Seabury, Samuel. Discourses on Several Subjects. Vol. 1. Hudson, N.Y.: William E. Norman, 1815.
Seabury, Samuel. A View of the Controversy Between Great-Britain and Her Colonies: Including a Mode of Determining Their Present Disputes, Finally and Effecually [sic]; and of Preventing All Future Contentions. In a Letter, to the Author of "A Full Vindication of the Measures of the Congress, from the Calumnies of Their Enemies" . New York: James Rivington, 1774.
Dated Pamphlets Collection
Edwards, Jonathan. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. A Sermon Preached at Enfield, July 8th 1741. At a Time of Great Awakenings; and Attended with Remarkable Impressions on Many of the Hearers . Boston: S. Kneeland and T. Green, 1741.
Green, Jacob. A Vision of Hell, and a Discovdry [sic] of Some of the Consultations and Devices There, in the Year 1767. Boston: John Boyle, 1773.
Hamilton, Alexander (1757-1804). The Farmer Refuted: or, A More Impartial and Comprehensive View of the Dispute Between Great-Britain and the Colonies, Intended as a Further Vindication of the Congress: in Answer to a Letter from A.W. Farmer, Intitled "A View of the Controversy Between Great-Britain and Her Colonie s".... New York: James Rivington, 1775.
Hamilton, Alexander (1757-1804). Letter From Alexander Hamilton, Concerning the Public Conduct of John Adams, Esq. President of the United States. New York: Printed for John Lang by George F. Hopkins, 1800.
Louis XVI. The Trial, &c. of Louis XVI. Late King of France, and Marie Antoinette, His Queen. Lansingburgh, N.Y.: Silvester Tiffany for Thomas Spencer, 1794.
Orphan Asylum Society. The Constitution of the Orphan Asylum Society. Established in New-York, March--1806. New York: David Longworth, 1807.
Dime Novels Collection
Pannell, C.H.H. The Life of George Washington: A New Biography of the Father of His Country…. New York: Beadle and Adams, 1876.
Smith, Elizabeth Oakes Prince. Bald Eagle; or, The Last of the Ramapaughs. A Romance of Revolutionary Times. New York: Beadle and Company, [1867].
Federal Documents Collection
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Claims. Report of the Committee of Claims, on the Petition of Elizabeth Hamilton. January 11, 1810…. Washington, D.C.: A. & G. Way, 1810.
Reserve Collection
Jefferson, Thomas. Notes on the State of Virginia. London: John Stockdale, 1787.
Jefferson, Thomas. Observations sur la Virginie. Translated by André Morelle. Paris: Chez Barrois, 1786.
U.S. Documents Collection
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Pensions and Revolutionary Claims. Report of the Committee on Pensions and Revolutionary Claims on the Petition of Elizabeth Hamilton. February 24, 1816…. [Washington, DC: William A. Davis, 1816].
Graphic Arts Collections
Broadsides Collection
Americans to Arms. Sung to the Tune of, Britons to Arms . [Salem, Mass.?: Ezekiel Russell?, 1775?]. Facsimile reprint. New York: Johnson, Wilson & Co. 1875.
A Bloody Butchery, by the British Troops: or, The Runaway Fight of the Regulars. Being the Particulars of the Victorious Battle Fought at and near Concord ... Between Two Thousand Regular Troops, Belonging to His Britannic Majesty, and a Few Hundred Provincial Troops . 2nd ed. Salem, Mass.: Ezekiel Russell, 1775.
Britannia in Tears, for the Loss of Her Children . [United States, between 1775 and 1783?].
The Duel: or An Affair of Honor Settled by a Peaceable Quarrel. Alias--the Battle of the Frogs! .... Providence: Thomas Flange, [between 1810 and 1830?].
Four Excellent Songs . Norwich, Conn.: Judah Spooner, [between 1774 and 1776].
A Funeral Elegy, on the Revd. and Renowned George Whitefield, Chaplain to the Right Honorable the Countess of Huntingdon, &c. Who Departed This Life at Newbury-Port, on Sabbath Morning the 30th day of September, 1770. Æt. 56 . Boston: [John Kneeland and Seth Adams], 1770.
Rich, Elisa. A Poem on the Late Distress of the Town of Boston. With Some Remarks on the Sudden Flight of the Ministerial Troops, After Plundering and Destroying the Property of the Worthy Inhabitants, They Left the Town in the Greatest Confusion Imaginable, Not Allowing Themselves Time to Take with Them Great Part of Their Warlike Stores, in Short They Fled Like Murderer's Pursued by the Hand of Justice . Chelmsford, Mass.: Nathaniel Coverly, 1776.
Taxation of America . [United States, between 1777 and 1810].
The Tragedy of Louis Capet: Being a True and Authentic Narrative of the Horrid and Barbarous Execution of the Late Unfortunate Monarch, Louis XVIth of France, Who Was Beheaded, on the Twenty First of January, 1793 …. Springfield, Mass.: Edward Gray, 1793.
A Tribute to the Memory of Catherine Berrenger, of the Town of Rhinebeck, Who Fell a Victim to Death on the 4th day of November ... 1800, by Swallowing a Potion of Arsenic, Supposed to be Administered to Her by John Benner, to Whom She Was Promised in Marriage …. [Poughkeepsie, N.Y.?, 1800?].
Currency Collection
Drawings Collection
Johnston, John. Green Dragon Tavern. Boston, 1773.
Engravings Collection
Buss, Robert William. Satisfaction. Engraved Expressly for the New York Mirror. New York, 1841.
Chappel, Alonzo. A. Hamilton. From the Original Painting by Chappel, in the Possession of the Publishers. New York: Johnson, Fry & Company, [1858].
Savage, Edward. George Washington Esqr. President of the United States of America. From the Original Portrait Painted at the Request of the Corporation of the University of Cambridge in Massachusetts . [London]: E. Savage, [1793].
The Solemnity of a Wedding and Brilliancy of a Married Life When Lived According to Christian Examples Our Saviour Wrought His First Miracle at a Marriage Supper . [United States, between 1800 and 1850?].
Stuart, Gilbert. General Gates. From the Original Picture in the Possession of Ebenr. Stevens Esqr. New York: C. & A. Tiebout, 1798.
Tiebout, Cornelius. In Memory of Genl. Alexr. Hamilton. Philadelphia: John Savage, [1804].
Trumbull, John. The Battle at Bunker's Hill, or the Death of General Warren. [Boston?, 1789?].
Games Collection
Lafayette playing cards. Milton, Mass.: Jazaniah Ford, ca. 1825.
Lithographs Collection
Childs & Inman. Mount Vernon, on the Potomac Feby 22d. 1832. Philadelphia: Childs & Inman, 1831.
N. Currier (Firm). Washington's Reception by the Ladies on Passing the Bridge at Trenton, N.J. April 1789, on His Way to be Inaugurated First President of the United States . New York: N. Currier, [1845].
Maps Collection
Montrésor, John. A Plan of the City of New-York & Its Environs to Greenwich, on the North of Hudsons River, and to Crown Point, on the East or Sound River, Shewing the Several Streets, Publick Buildings, Docks, Fort & Battery, With the True Form & Course of the Commanding Grounds, With and Without the Town. Surveyed in the Winter, 1775 . [London]: Andrew Drury, [1776?].
A Plan of the City and Environs of New York in North America . [London, 1776].
Plan of the Siege of York Town in Virginia. London, 1787.
Political Cartoons Collection
A Peep Into the Antifederal Club. New York, 1793.
The Providential Detection. [United States, between 1797 and 1800?].
[Robert Morris Moving the Capital. United States, ca. 1790].
Realia Collection
Printing plates: Battle of Monmouth. Painted by Alonzo Chappel. Albany, N.Y.: James B. Lyon, [1868?].
Revere Collection
Revere, Paul. The Bloody Massacre Perpetrated in King - Street Boston on March 5th 1770 by a Party of ye 29th Regt. .
A Warm Place -- Hell . [Boston]: Matthias Darly, [1768].
Sheet Music Collection
Reinagle, Alexander. Chorus Sung Before Gen. Washington as He Passed Under the Triumphal Arch Raised on the Bridge at Trenton April 21st 1789 Set to Music and Dedicated by Permission to Mrs. Washington . Philadelphia: Printed for the author and sold by Henry Rice, [1789].
Staffordshire Pottery Collection
Tickets Collection
Manuscript Collections
Aaron Burr Papers, 1772-1842.
Abigail Adams Letters.
Newspapers Collection
Daily Advertiser . New York, N.Y. January 20, 1791.
Farmer's Cabinet . Amherst, N.H. January 1, 1825.
Gazette of the United States, and Philadelphia Daily Advertiser . Philadelphia, Penn. July 8, 1787.
Gazette of the United States, and Philadelphia Daily Advertiser . Philadelphia, Penn. July 27, 1787.
Massachusetts Spy, or, Thomas's Boston Journal . Boston, Mass. December 10, 1772.
Minerva, & Mercantile Evening Advertiser . New York, N.Y. July 15, 1797.
New York Evening Post . New York, N.Y. November 24, 1801.
New York Journal . New York, N.Y. October 22, 1772.
Pennsylvania Evening Post . Philadelphia, Penn. January 22, 1777.
Spectator . New York, N.Y. January 4, 1800.
Thomas's Massachusetts Spy or, The Worcester Gazette . Worcester, Mass. July 5, 1781.
Periodicals Collection
Curtis's Botanical Magazine, or, Flower-garden Displayed: In Which the Most Ornamental Foreign Plants, Cultivated in the Open Ground, the Green-House, and the Stove, Will be Accurately Represented in Their Natural Colors . Vol. 15. London: Printed by Stephen Couchman, published by T. Curtis. 1801.
Additional AAS Materials Referenced
American Citizen. New York: N.Y. July 26, 1803.
Gazette of the United States, and Philadelphia Daily Advertiser. Philadelphia, Penn. August 25, 1787.
Hamilton, Alexander (1757-1804). Letter From Alexander Hamilton, Concerning the Public Conduct and Character of John Adams, Esq. President of the United States. New York: Printed for John Lang by George F. Hopkins, 1800. Reprinted, Philadelphia: [William Duane, 1800].
Hamilton, Alexander (1757-1804). Letter From Alexander Hamilton, Concerning the Public Conduct and Character of John Adams, Esq. President of the United States. 2nd ed. New York: Printed for John Lang by John Furman, 1800.
Hamilton, Alexander (1757-1804). Letter From Alexander Hamilton, Concerning the Public Conduct and Character of John Adams, Esq; President of the United States. 3rd ed. New York: Printed for John Lang by Furman and Loudon, 1800.
Hamilton, Alexander (1757-1804). Letter From Alexander Hamilton, Concerning the Public Conduct and Character of John Adams, Esq. President of the United States. 4th ed. New York: Printed for John Lang by Furman and Loudon, 1800.
Hamilton, Alexander (1757-1804). Letter from Alexander Hamilton, Concerning the Public Conduct and Character of John Adams, Esq. President of the United States. Written in the year 1800 . New ed., with a preface. Boston: E.G. House, 1809.
Hopkins, Samuel. The Life and Character of the Late Reverend, Learned, and Pious Mr. Jonathan Edwards, President of the College of New-Jersey…. Northampton, Mass.: Andrew Wright, 1804.
Lee, Charles. Proceedings of a General Court Martial, Held at Brunswick, in the State of New-Jersey, by Order of His Excellency General Washington … for the Trial of Major General Lee. July 4th, 1778. Major General Lord Stirling, President . Philadelphia: John Dunlap, 1778.
Low, Nathanael. An Astronomical Diary; or, Almanack, for the year of Christian Aera, 1777. Boston: J. Gill and T. & J. Fleet, [1776].
Scheffer, Ary. Lafayette. Paris: Chez l'Auteur et chez Chaillou, [1824].
Weekly Museum. New York, N.Y. January 11, 1800.
A Partial Bibliography
American Antiquarian Society. Wellsprings of a Nation: America Before 1801, a Bicentennial Exhibition from the Collections of the American Antiquarian Society at the Worcester Art Museum, April 19-June 5, 1977 . Worcester, Mass.: American Antiquarian Society, 1977.
Chernow, Ron. Alexander Hamilton. New York: Penguin, 2004.
Chernow, Ron. Washington: a Life. New York: Penguin, 2010.
Countryman, Edward. Enjoy the Same Liberty: Black Americans and the Revolutionary Era. Lanham, Md.: Rowan & Littlefield, 2012.
Cunningham, Noble E. The Image of Thomas Jefferson in the Public Eye: Portraits for the People, 1800-1809. Charlottesville, Va.: University of Virginia Press, 1981.
Ellis, Joseph J. American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson. New York: Vintage, 1998.
Gilbert, Alan. Black Patriots and Loyalists: Fighting for Emancipation in the War for Independence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012.
"Hamilton (Original Broadway Cast Recording) (2015), Lin-Manuel Miranda." Genius.com. Accessed May 20, 2016. http://genius.com/albums/Lin-manuel-miranda/Hamilton-original-broadway-c...
Hargrave, Catherine Perry. A History of Playing Cards, and a Bibliography of Cards and Gaming, Compiled and Illustrated From the Old Cards and Books in the Collection of the United States Playing Card Company in Cincinnati . New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1930.
Isenberg, Nancy. Fallen Founder: The Life of Aaron Burr. New York: Viking, 2007.
Jefferson, Thomas. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. Vol. 26. Edited by John Catanzariti. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995.
Kelly, James C. and B.S. Lowell. "Thomas Jefferson: His Friends and Foes." The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 101, no. 1 (1993): 133-157.
Massachusetts Historical Society. Adams Papers Digital Edition. Accessed May 20, 2016. https://www.masshist.org/publications/apde2/
McCullough, David. John Adams. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002.
Miranda, Lin-Manuel. Hamilton Original Broadway Cast Recording. Atlantic Recording 551093-2, 2015, 2 compact discs. Recorded 2015.
Misencik, Paul R. The Original American Spies: Seven Covert Agents of the Revolutionary War. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, 2014.
Moore, George Henry. "Mr. Lee's Plan--March 29, 1777." The Treason of Charles Lee, Major General, Second in Command in the American Army of the Revolution. New York: Scribner, 1860.
National Historical Publications and Records Commission. Founders Online. Accessed May 20, 2016. http://founders.archives.gov/
Pencak, William. Jews & Gentiles in Early America, 1654-1800. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, 2005.
Weitenkampf, Frank. Political Caricature in the United States in Separately Published Cartoons: An Annotated List. New York: New York Public Library, 1953.


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Check out my other items. COBALT BLUE, SKY BLUE, AMETHYST. This crystal is fantastic to look at and great size for whatever your needs are. Great weight of solid hand-crafted fine lead crystal.Acid Etched with FABERGE logo on the bottom. 3 3/8 Across the top.
2 1/2 Across the bottom. No chips, cracks, hazing, flea bites, fogging or blemishes.The box has minor shelf wear from years of storage. This absolutely stunning Paris Design Faberge crystal wine glass comes in six beautiful colors. A Stunning presentation for your favorite dinner, luncheon, or special occasion. Due to the nature of hand blown and hand cut crystal there will be slight variations from glass to glass. All sizes are approximant, and each glass may have a slight variation in weight.
Air bubbles can appear in hand blown glass and are not considered a flaw. We sell many used items that have the typical day to day wear.Most are in GOOD USED to EXCELLENT Condition!! Pictures were taken of any major spots, cracks or chips.
Some may have flea bites, stains and/or scratches from use. We make mention of any significant damage, cracks, break, repairs, chipping, fading, or flaws as best we can. We are not dealers and not experts. Items come from a smoke free home!
Any lover or collector of WATERFORD will not want to miss this opportunity to add to your. Please see my store for other Great items. Be sure to add me to your favorites list. This item is in the category "Pottery & Glass\Drinkware & Barware\Drinkware". The seller is "jvat1549" and is located in this country: US.This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, China, Sweden, Korea, South, Indonesia, Taiwan, South Africa, Thailand, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Bahamas, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Republic of, Malaysia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Barbados, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Brunei Darussalam, Bolivia, Egypt, French Guiana, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Guadeloupe, Iceland, Jersey, Jordan, Cambodia, Cayman Islands, Liechtenstein, Sri Lanka, Luxembourg, Monaco, Macau, Martinique, Maldives, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan, Paraguay, Reunion, Uruguay.


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Is there nobody out there
who has any Ferguson from Arizona? My
g-grandfather, Robert J. Ferguson was born in Perthshire, Scotland in 1852.
He immigrated in 1868 at age 16. I don't know where he went or with whom,
until he shows up in Arizona in 1877. (suspect Mexico). He had Robert C.,
Frank W., Mary, Maggie, Thomas, & Jessie. They all lived in Arizona except
Mary & Maggie who ended up in California. Thomas had 12 children all born
in Arizona. I want to find these children or their children! Of all the
children descended from Robert John Ferguson, there must be at least one out
there that one of you have heard of or are connected to! Please!!! I need
help! I have watched the list and NONE seem to have gone to Arizona! Did
any of your ancestors immigrate from Perthshire, Scotland in 1868???? Or
maybe even before or after? I do not know his siblings or parents. NEED
Joan Tregarthen Huston
Washington, USA
Brown-PA.;Crosby-MA-WA; Colenso-Cornwall; Ferguson-Sct-AZ; Hanchett-MA;
Knapp-Ont., Canada; Lewis-PA; McAllister-Jura,Sct.-Ont.Canada;
McIntosh-Ire-Ont.Canada; Naylor-VA-OR; Pratt-MA; Tregarthen-Cornwall, USA or
Does anyone have any Fergusons that were miners in Mexico? firstname.lastname@example.com Subject: [Ferguson-L] Fergusson, Robert John b. 1852 in Perthshire, Scotland Since there is so much traffic on this list lately, thought I'd better repost my query! I have had no luck whatsoever finding anyone related to this line at all! I think I'm the only one looking. Robert John Fergusson was born in April 1852 in Perthshire, Scotland. He immigrated in 1868 where and with whom, I don't know, but he was only 16. He shows up in Sonora, Mexico in 1877 when his first son, Robert C. Fergusson was born. His wife was Jesus de Maria Carrillo. His second child was Frank W. Ferguson b. 4Jun1879 in Arivaca, AZ., next was Mary E. Ferguson b. 22 May 1881 in Arivaca, AZ, then my grandmother, Maggie C. Ferguson, b. 26Mar1883 in Arivaca, AZ, then Alexander H. Ferguson b. 14Jul1886. Then on 20Jan1888 Jesus de Maria died in Tucson, AZ. and Robert married Margarita Jacques in 8Jul1891 in Tucson. They had two children, Thomas A. Ferguson b. Nov 1894 in Chloride, AZ. and Jessie A. Ferguson b. Oct 1897 in Chloride, AZ. they lived in Pima County, Mohave County, and Yavapai Counties in Arizona. Robert Died sometime after 1920 as he is in the 1920 census in Yavapai County. I would love to find someone related to any of these Fergus(s)ons in Arizona. Thomas had 12 children (6 boys 6 girls all living in 1950) but I have not been able to contact any of them. If anyone knows any of them, please please let me know! Here is a list of all known grandchildren of Robert Fergusson in case anyone knows any of them. Children of Thomas A. Ferguson: Art Ferguson Thomas Ferguson, Jr. Richard Ferguson James Ferguson and Gene Ferguson all of Phoenix in 1950. Clarence Ferguson of Globe, AZ. Mrs. Ruth Coker of Phoenix Mrs. Fred Stock of Globe Mrs. Verne Simmerman of San Diego, Ca. Mrs. A. Belden Christ of Palm Springs, Ca. Mrs. Corrinne Larson of San Jose, Ca. Mrs. Richard Bown of Portland, Or. Children of Frank W. Ferguson: William Ferguson b. 1907 Ione Ferguson b.1911 Dorothy Ferguson b. 1916 Children of Mary E. Ferguson Jenkins: Lark Jenkins Jesse Jenkins Ethel Jenkins Thanks lots for any help on finding these people or anyone that might have a Robert Fergusson that came to the USA in 1868 with another Ferguson maybe? He may have had relatives in PA. Joan Tregarthen Huston Washington, USA Surnames: Brown-PA.;Crosby-MA-WA; Colenso-Cornwall; Ferguson-Sct-AZ; Hanchett-MA; Knapp-Ont., Canada; Lewis-PA; McAllister-Jura,Sct.-Ont.Canada; McIntosh-Ire-Ont.Canada; Naylor-VA-OR; Pratt-MA; Tregarthen-Cornwall, USA or anywhere.


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PRINCETON, New Jersey — Reforest the Tropics (RTT) is a U.S. nonprofit that operates on the ground in Costa Rica. Its mission is simple: "We plant trees," Jay Stella, a member of RTT's board of directors, told The Borgen Project in an interview. The goal is to create permanent forests in Costa Rica that benefit both the environment and the landowner.
Forests in Costa Rica
Costa Rica has historically been rich in forests. In the 1940s, 75% of the country was covered in dense rainforests. With a growing demand for timber post-World War II, by 1987, up to half of these forests were gone. In an effort to reverse this, the government put into place many reforestation programs and made deforestation illegal without permission. Now, almost 60% of the land is forest again.
Part of this is thanks to the efforts of Reforest the Tropics. Since its founding in 1996, RTT has planted 356 hectares of forest, which is about 665 football fields worth of trees. That represents 16 distinct landowners who have engaged in a 25-year forestry contract with RTT. But, the impact is farther-reaching than just those 16 farmers. Greg Powell, the executive director of RTT, told The Borgen Project that RTT creates the equivalent of one full-time position for every 15 hectares planted but also requires many more short-term workers during the initial stages of planting. Most of these workers come from the local community.
The Benefits of Reforestation
"Reforestation represents an opportunity for struggling farms," says Powell. Whether it be through improving soil quality, reducing food insecurity or providing a direct source of income for farmers, reforestation is a proven method of poverty reduction. The forests planted by RTT are no exception. In addition to the environmental effects that benefit the entire community, the forests provide an avenue of commercial income for the farmers who own them.
However, forests take a long time to grow, which is why many low-income farmers in Costa Rica choose to raise cattle instead of investing in reforestation. RTT is changing this though. "Until now, there has never been a biodiverse, mixed-species model that can provide the necessary economic incentives for the long-term," says Powell. The income RTT generates through its partnerships with private farms, typically located in low-income rural areas, outcompetes the income generated through cattle farming on the same amount of land.
The First 5 Years
RTT helps low-income farmers offset the lack of first-year gain through payments for ecological services (PES). PES is a way to keep farmers engaged in the forest and compensate for the lack of immediate monetary gain. Of the $8,500 put up by a sponsor to plant one hectare of forest, "the first $3,000 goes to the farmer, which gives them income over the first five years," according to Stella. This ratio remains the same for every new hectare of forest.
After the first five years, the farmer can begin to thin the forest. Thinnings happen approximately every five years after that. In the mixed-species model promoted by RTT, farmers plant a variety of native hardwoods and various eucalypts as income crops. All of the timber harvested belongs to the farmer. Over the 25 years that the forest is under contract, Stella estimates the 15-20% of forest that is harvested each time "goes from about 40% of usable commercial lumber to about 80%," which represents a growing source of income for the farmer as time goes on. RTT plants shade-tolerant species under the existing canopy and allows for natural regeneration of native trees to keep the forest populated and productive for the long-term.
Skills and Training
RTT also provides training for its farmers on management techniques and general land administration. "We are not only providing new skills and knowledge through our forestry training, we are doing so in a unique and novel way," says Powell. "RTT's forestry model is unique in the world. Our planting matrix, management techniques, results and goals for the project are not seen elsewhere." Farmworkers gain valuable skills that enhance their competitiveness in the labor market over the 25-year contract. This can help them bring in additional income and increase the economic benefits of their forests.
The Impact of Reforest the Tropics
The impact of Reforest the Tropics goes beyond just the individual farmer. "We have worked with 16 distinct farms in Costa Rica," said Powell. "These farms, their workers and surrounding communities have all benefited. Reforestation has a number of ancillary benefits. Reforestation improves local water and air quality. It also creates habitats for more fauna species. Additionally, reforestation generates recreational and ecotourism opportunities.
All of these benefits represent ways for the low-income rural communities to lift themselves out of poverty. The forests create habitats for endangered animals and promote biodiversity, which in turn boosts the ecotourism industry. Ecotourism represents about 3% of Costa Rica's GDP, generating about $1.4 billion a year. Better water and air quality means that the impoverished spend less on medical bills due to conditions caused by unclean water and air. Trees release nutrients into the soil that improve agricultural practices, which increases income and reduces food insecurity for subsistence farmers.
Reforest the Tropics has undoubtedly improved the lives of low-income farmers in rural Costa Rica. In the future, RTT hopes to bring the model and all of its benefits to countries throughout the tropics.
– Brooklyn Quallen
Photo: Flickr


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Rep. Gosar Leads Effort to Block Biggest Overreach Yet: Utopian Obama Housing Regulation
WASHINGTON, D.C. – November 3, 2015 – (RealEstateRama) — U.S. Congressman Paul A. Gosar, D.D.S. (AZ-04) released the following statement after 14 of his House colleagues joined him in calling for House and Senate Committee Chairman to include a Gosar amendment, blocking President Obama's Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH) rule, in the final Transportation, Housing and Urban Development (THUD), and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 2016 bill or omnibus appropriations package:
"The American people voted in Republican majorities to both the House and Senate in 2014 so that we would put the brakes on an out-of-control administration. In order to do that, Republicans must act boldly and follow through on our promises of blocking nonsensical new regulations enacted under this president by executive fiat.
"The Obama Administration's new housing rule is no different. This terrible new regulation is an attempt to extort communities into giving up control of local zoning decisions and will reengineer the makeup of our neighborhoods. Important grants for local communities will be stripped away if communities do not conform and implement illogical standards concocted by D.C. bureaucrats. Just as the president has used the DOJ, IRS and DHS as a political weapon, he has now expanded his arsenal to include HUD, as he seeks to fundamentally transform America.
"Twice, the full House of Representatives has passed my amendment to protect American communities from this overreach. It's time that appropriators heed our call and block Obama's utopian housing regulation."
The appropriations rider request was sent to:
Rep. Harold Rogers (R-KY) Chairman of the House Appropriations Committee
Rep. Mario Diaz-Balart (R-FL) Subcommittee Chairman on Transportation Housing and Urban Development
Senator Richard Shelby (R-AL) Chariman of the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs
Senator Tim Scott (R-SC) Chairman of the Subcommittee on Housing transportation and Community Development
The full text of Congressman Gosar's appropriations rider request can be found HERE.
The list of the 15 House co-signers that asked appropriators to block this new regulation include: Congressman Paul Gosar, Trent Franks, Brian Babin, D.D.S., Marsha Blackburn, Steve Chabot, Scott DesJarlais, Stephen Fincher, Louie Gohmert, Glenn Grothman, David P. Joyce, Cynthia Lummis, Thomas Massie, Lamar Smith, Lynn Westmoreland and Ted Yoho.
The AFFH rule seeks to use the disparate impact legal theory to justify social engineering of local neighborhoods. It would do so by withholding Community Development Block Grant funds from towns and cities unless they meet utopian standards of integration based on sex, income, religion, race, and other federally protected demographics. HUD is essentially creating a set of rules and regulations to which communities must conform, or face losing out on tens of millions of dollars in grant money annually. Further, the rule will result in increased local taxes, will depress property values, and will cause further harm to impoverished communities that actually need these funds.
The House of Representatives has already voted twice to defund the AFFH rule during consideration of the Transportation, Housing and Urban Development funding bills for fiscal years 2015 and 2016 (please see Roll Call Vote no. 285 from the 113th Congress and Roll Call Vote no. 311 from the 114th Congress).
Americans for Limited Government supported the Gosar amendment each time stating, "Housing discrimination based on race has been illegal since the 1960s, and people should be allowed to choose for themselves where they live without D.C. bureaucrats nationalizing zoning decisions for political reasons."
In addition, Congressman Gosar's bill, the Local Zoning and Property Rights Protection Act, H.R. 1995, rejecting this overreaching regulation is currently cosponsored by 20 members in the House.
According to reports, in 2012, this mandate would have negatively impacted more than 1,200 municipalities throughout the country, costing these communities to forfeit millions that are meant help the neediest families.
A trial run of the new AFFH regulation already took place in the State of New York. The result was a failure and a local county was initially forced to forego $12 million in funds that would have benefited the community due to the impractical and unrealistic requirements associated with misguided agency regulation. The county had intended to use a large portion of these block grant funds to establish public housing for individuals in need.
Stanley Kurtz, a senior fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center and writer for National Review, has been following this issue for years and published an article prior to the vote entitled, Obama's Next Transformation: And How to Stop It.
Congressman Gosar wrote and op-ed for Investor's Business Daily titled Latest Federal Mandate On 'Fair Housing' Is Anything But, which can be read HERE.


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Preliminary report on the trial of 27 lawyers before Ankara Heavy Penal Court
This preliminary report reflects the concerns of the ICJ based on its trial observation of the first hearing of 27 lawyers (hereafter "Ankara 27") charged with professional misconduct on 9 May 2002 before No.1 Ankara Heavy Penal Court.
The trial observer, Mr. Paul Richmond, Barrister of England and Wales, was appointed by the ICJ and was charged with reporting directly to the ICJ. Mr. Richmond will be observing the second hearing on 11 July and a final report on both hearings will be issued shortly.
Based on the trial observation on 9 May 2002, the ICJ expresses its concerns in relation to two main issues: the prosecution of lawyers and the need to guarantee fair trial standards throughout the trial.
The ICJ believes that the criminal charge against 27 lawyers before No.1 Ankara Heavy Penal Court is in reality a form of harassment of lawyers in the discharge of their duties.
"Governments shall ensure that lawyers (a) are able to perform all of their professional functions without intimidation, hindrance, harassment or improper interference; (…) (c) shall not suffer, or be threatened with, prosecution or administrative, economic or other sanctions for any action taken in accordance with recognised professional duties, standards and ethics." Principle 16 of the United Nations Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers.
To enable any legal profession to effectively perform its role in the defence of individuals, lawyers must be able to counsel and represent their clients in accordance with their established professional standards and judgement free from any influence, pressure, threat or undue interference.
A legal obligation to protect the role of lawyers is implicit within the right to a fair trial as guaranteed by Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms to which Turkey is a party.
The right of every accused to be legally represented in the conduct of his/her defence can only be said to be fully effective when lawyers can, without fear, fulfil their duties towards their clients. Where such conditions are not present and the personal security of lawyers is an issue, the effectiveness and the integrity of the lawyers' work are potentially compromised.
The existence of threats against lawyers is often the result of the identification of lawyers with their clients' causes. Lawyers representing accused persons in politically sensitive cases are often subjected to accusations of holding the same views and opinions as their clients.
As stated in Principle 18 of the United Nations Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers:
"Lawyers shall not be identified with their clients or their clients' causes as a result of discharging their functions."
Identifying lawyers with their clients' causes, unless there is reliable evidence to that effect, could be construed as an intimidation and harassment of the lawyers concerned. Governments have an obligation to protect lawyers from such intimidation and harassment.
In order to effectively analyse the Ankara 27 trial, it is necessary to take into consideration the historical challenges faced by the legal profession in the discharge of professional duties in Turkey.
Turkey has been the target of much criticism over a long period of time by human rights organisations , United Nations Human Rights Mechanisms and the European Court of Human Rights on the issue of harassment of lawyers carried out by or with the acquiescence of state authorities.
In Turkey, lawyers who repeatedly conduct defences before the State Security Court are considered to share the political views of their clients and, as such, are referred to as "terrorist lawyers" by the police, public prosecutors and the courts.
Harassment of lawyers can take various forms. For example, threats or actual infliction of violence, intentional disruption of the lawyer's work, disrespectful or threatening treatment of lawyers by members of the security forces, including unnecessary searches, verbal abuse and interception of telephone calls, identification of lawyers with their clients' views and criminal prosecution for the legitimate performance of their duties can be considered as a form of harassment.
In the present case, the 27 lawyers have been charged with "professional misconduct", a criminal offence contrary to Article 240 of the Turkish Penal Code.
According to the indictment dated 27 November 2001, the particulars of the alleged offence are: "… at a hearing before No. 5 Ankara Heavy Penal Court on 5 December 2000 in which persons convicted of membership of the DHKP-C and TKIP appeared to answer charges arising from the Ulucanlar Prison rebellion of 26 September 1999, the lawyers representing the said defendants shouted slogans against the gendarmes and incited persons present in the courtroom to resist the gendarmes."
The ICJ has knowledge that Article 240 of the Turkish Penal Code was originally enacted in order to provide a complaint mechanism for Turkish citizens who are dissatisfied with the conduct of any public employee instructed to act on their behalf. The ICJ is aware that the courts do have experience of criminal prosecutions of lawyers on charges of professional misconduct, however, in all cases, the criminal proceedings have been commenced as a result of a complaint made by an ordinary citizen against the lawyer instructed to act on his/her behalf. The ICJ understands that the trial of the Ankara 27 is the first recorded occasion on which a complaint made by an agent of the state (a Gendarme Captain) has given rise to criminal proceedings against a member of the legal profession under Article 240 of the Turkish Penal Code.
Many aspects surrounding the Ankara 27 case and facts evidenced during the observation of the hearing on 9 May 2002 can support ICJ's allegations. Firstly, the charge was not initiated by the public prosecutor who was in charge on the date of the incident, 5 December 2000, but by a written complaint filed with the Office of the Public Prosecutor by Kemal Tekin, a Gendarme Captain , who was not present in court on the said day. Secondly, no incident report was filed by the police present in the courtroom on the day of the alleged incident . Thirdly, some of the accused claim that they were not present in court at the moment of the incident. Fourthly, the political nature of this trial can also be supported by the fact that immediately prior to the hearing, the defendants, their legal representatives and those attending the hearing were filmed by an individual who refused to reveal his identity and who stated that he was acting "under orders". Finally, after an elapse of an 11-month period for investigation of the charge, at the time of the hearing on 9 May 2002, the court file contained no statement from any witnesses present at the time of the alleged incident.
The criminal prosecution of the 27 lawyers who represented some Uluncalar prisoners on 5 December 2000 amounts to harassment of members of the legal profession for the legitimate exercise of their duties. Such unprecedented action by Government authorities jeopardises the independence of the legal profession and leaves the door open for future abuse.
The ICJ is of the opinion that there are other possible channels to redress any improper conduct of lawyers who were present in court on 5 December 2000. Discipline of lawyers is normally dealt with by an impartial disciplinary committee established by the legal profession . The ICJ requests that any inquiry into the conduct of the 27 lawyers in question be channelled to the appropriate Bar Association.
Based on our observation of 9 May hearing, the ICJ is concerned that basic fair trial standards to which Turkey is bound are not being respected and are at risk of being neglected throughout the eventual continuation of the proceedings.
Turkey is bound by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR), having ratified it in 1954. In addition, Turkey has recently signed but not ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights provides:
"1. In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. Judgment shall be pronounced publicly but the press and public may be excluded from all or part of the trial in the interest of morals, public order or national security in a democratic society, where the interests of juveniles or the protection of the private life of the parties so require, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice. (…)
3. Everyone charged with a criminal offence has the following minimum rights:
a. to be informed promptly, in a language which he understands and in detail, of the nature of the accusation against him; b. to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence; c. to defend himself in person through legal assistance of his own choosing or, if he has not sufficient means to pay for legal counsel, to be given it free when the interests of justice so require; (…)
The ICJ is deeply concerned that the right of the accused lawyers to be informed of the charge against them has not been respected in the present case.
2.1 Right to be Informed of the Charge
An accused should be informed of the charge that s/he is facing. The rationale for this right is to provide sufficient information to allow the preparation of the defence. In order to safeguard this guarantee, the information forming the basis of the charge needs to be promptly given, must include the nature (exact legal description of the offence) and cause (the facts upon which the allegation is based) of the charge.
The indictment against the lawyers provides the legal basis for the charge by indicating that the conduct of the accused amounted to "professional misconduct" under article 240 of the Turkish Penal Code. The indictment further provided that the accused "shouted slogans", but there is no particularisation of what each accused is alleged to have said and therefore no indication as to whether what they shouted, if indeed they did shout, was in fact a "slogan".
According to the court record, the accused consistently brought to the court's attention the fact that the charge lacked essential information. This issue was addressed in the statement handed out in court on behalf of 15 of the 27 accused and it was then reiterated by accused Selcuk Kozagacli.
The ICJ is of the opinion that the lawyers' right to be informed of the charge against them has not been fully respected as factual details relating to the charge have not been provided. Turkey is not acting in accordance with its international obligations under article 6(3)(a) of the ECHR. This then has further compromised the right of the 27 lawyers to prepare a proper defence.
The trial of the 27 lawyers before No.1 Ankara Heavy Penal Court is based on events that took place during court proceedings before No. 5 Ankara Heavy Penal Court on 5 December 2000.
The trial of prisoners alleged to have committed criminal acts during the incident at Ulucanlar Prison on the 26 September 1999 resumed before No.5 Ankara Heavy Penal Court on 5 December 2000. The trial was presided over by Judge Necdet Yaman, Judge Abdurrahman Kelesoglu and Judge Inci Ozden. The Public Prosecutor was Sadi Aslan.
According to the official court minutes of the hearing on 5 December 2000, the following defence lawyers were in attendance: Zeki Ruzgar; Kazim Bayraktar; Filiz Kalayci; Betul Vangolu; Sevim Akay; Belgun Culhaoglu; Mecit Engeci; Huseyin Yukselbicen; Nurten Caglar; Oya Aydin; Vedat Aytac; Nuray Ozdogan; Sevil Ceylan; Keles Ozturk; Medine Ayhan; Goksel Arslan; Gulizar Tuncer; Aytul Kaplan; Haci Ali Ozhan; Ertugrul Cem Ilhan; Dilek Midik; Devrum Karakulah; Ibrahim Ergun; Ozgur Sariyildiz; Riza Karaman; Gaye Dincel and Selcuk Kozagaci.
During the hearing on 5 December 2000, it is alleged that gendarmes present in the court physically attacked the defendants and their lawyers.
Some time later a written complaint was filed with the Office of the Public Prosecutor by Kemal Tekin, a Gendarme Captain (the complaint itself is undated and therefore it is not clear when it was made) alleging that the 27 lawyers representing the defendants during the 5 December 2000 hearing had, during the court proceedings, "shouted slogans" and "incited those persons present in the courtroom to resist the gendarmes".
The complaint was then forwarded to the Minister of Justice who, on 25 April 2001, instructed the Office of the Public Prosecutor to commence an investigation into the conduct of the lawyers in attendance on 5 December 2000. After the investigation report was completed, the Minster of Justice instructed that charges should be prepared and legal proceedings commenced against the 27 lawyers.
From 27 November 2001 to 9 May 2002, there were written submissions by the prosecution and the defence. The first hearing took place on 9 May 2002 before No. 1 Ankara Heavy Penal Court. The second hearing is to take place on 11 July before the same court.
The events that took place at the hearing of 5 December 2000 are the subject of the present proceedings against the 27 lawyers.
The ICJ recommends that:
(1) the charge be immediately withdrawn and, if necessary, any enquiry and/or disciplinary measures related to the conduct of the accused lawyers on 5 December 2000 be brought by an impartial disciplinary committee established by the Turkish legal profession; (2) Government authorities follow up on the lawyers' complaint to the Office of the Public Prosecutor regarding the conduct of the gendarme officers present in No. 5 Ankara Heavy Penal Court on 5 December 2000; and (3) the Government take positive steps to guarantee that the independence and the effective functioning of the legal profession will not be jeopardised by cases of harassment of lawyers, similar to this one.
Final Report of the Trial of 27 Turkish Lawyers [full text, PDF]PublicationsReportsTrial observation reports


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Original article: http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/04/07/britains-prime-minister-ate-a-hot-dog-with-a-knife-and-fork-and-its-a-problem/?postshare=7731428498404322
Across the water in Great Britain, elections for Prime Minister are coming up in May, and the current office-holder David Cameron is running to be re-elected. This past Monday, as part of his campaign, he went to what they call a "voters garden" where he had a meal and met/spoke with British citizens who have benefited from recent changes to their tax system. This all sounds like nothing but positive interaction between the higher-ups in the government and the citizens; and it was until he ate a hot dog… with a fork. With a FORK?!?!? Actually, there isn't a problem with that at all, the guy can eat however he wants. It seems that where he did mess up was when he let the press in, who got plenty of photos of him eating his hot dog "wrongly". The photo had reached the public, and ignited plenty of discussion/slandering over social media within hours.
The fact that I'm even aware of how someone, thousands of miles away, ate their lunch last Monday is quite annoying to me. Annoying, not because he used a fork, but annoying because the vast majority of people actually care about this kind of stuff. To me, this isn't even news and I shouldn't even know about it. The original article gave real examples of tweets, posts, etc. and from looking at those, there are a lot of people who care way to much. One of these tweets read "I'm sorry but I can't possibly vote for someone who eats a bloody hot dog with a knife and fork!". I'd like to ask that person, why not? What does his "improper" use of a fork say about him as a person, or how he will lead your country? Although you cannot tell how serious someone is speaking when reading text, I find it far more improper to completely change your opinions on the leader of your country over this, than it is to eat a hot dog with a fork. Its rather bothersome that this photo/his use of a fork could change the outcome of the election coming up next month. I think people who are bothered by the way this man eats should do some reevaluating of their priorities/morals… Possibly think for a minute and come to the realization that he is just another human being and his use of a fork is only being blown up because he has the label of "prime minister".
What if I ate my hot dog with a fork, and someone posted a photo? Nobody would look twice because I haven't been idolized by society.


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FreshySites owner and founder, Ben Giordano, served as a panelist for the Entrepreneur Next Door panel discussion and networking event at Cazenovia College yesterday evening. At this event, panelists offered their insights, tips, and advice to current and future entrepreneurs.
Didn't get a chance to make it to the event? Watch the full panel discussion below!!
Jason Emerson, editor of the Cazenovia Republican
Ben Giordano, FreshySites Website Design
McKenzie Hughes Houseman, Cazenovia Cutblock and 20|East
David Katleski, Empire Brewing Company
Kevin McGreevy, Cazenovia Bagel Company
Ben Reilley, Life of Reilley Distilling & Wine Co.
Jackie Wilson, JES Apparel


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Aquila Porto Rethymno
Crete - Rethymno Region
Aquila Porto Rethymno is a 1-minute walk from the beach. Located on the sandy beach of Rethymno and within a short walk from the Old Town, Aquila Porto Rethymno features 3 freshwater pools, a private beach and 2 restaurants.
The hotel complex offers a variety of sports and leisure activities, such as massage treatments and yoga lessons.
In 61 km east of the airport of Chania, 84 km west of the airport of Heraklion.
Located across the road. Marked by the "European Blue Flag". Sandy. Log into the sea: sand and pebble. Equipped with everything necessary for comfortable rest; sun beds and towels for hotel guests are provided free of charge.
- Breakfast: 05.30 – 07.15: Early breakfast (continental) upon request 07.15 – 10.00: Buffet breakfast (American) 10.00 – 10.30: Late breakfast (continental).
- Lunch: Guests on half board are able to take their regular menu at lunchtime. 12:30-14:30.
- Dinner: 5-course menu, hors d' oeuvres, soup, salad, cheese plateau, desserts from the buffet. 18:30-21:30.
- A la Carte: Restaurant Piazza Di Porto. Lunch 12:30-15:30, Dinner 19:00-23:00.
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VATICAN CITY (CNS) — Even the greatest sinners can find a loving mother in Mary while those who are corrupt find refuge only in their own blind and selfish desires, Pope Francis said.
In a book that was scheduled to be released Oct. 10 in Italian, the pope said Mary is unable to enter the hearts of corrupt men and women because they have made the "satanic" choice of "locking the door from the inside."
"Mary cannot be the mother of the corrupt because the corrupt would sell their own mother, they would sell their belongings to a family, to a people," the pope said. "They look for their own profit, whether it's economic, intellectual, political, of any kind."
The book, titled "Ave Maria" ("Hail Mary"), features reflections on the Marian prayer made by Pope Francis during an interview with Father Marco Pozza, a prison chaplain in the northern Italian city of Padova.
Several excerpts of the new book were published Oct. 8 by "Vatican Insider," the online news supplement to the Italian newspaper La Stampa.
The pope said he imagined that throughout Mary's life, she remained a "normal woman" despite the extraordinary circumstances of being the mother of God, and "she is a woman that any woman from this world can imitate."
"Mary was normal. She worked, she did grocery shopping, helped her son, helped her husband: normal," he said. "Normality is living with the people and like the people. It is abnormal to live without roots within a people, without a connection to a historical people."
Without those connections, the pope said, a sin can arise that "Satan, our enemy, likes so much: the sin of the elite."
"The elite do not know what it means to live among the people. And when I speak of elite, I do not mean a social class: I speak of an attitude of the soul," he said. "One can belong to a church of the elite. But, as the (Second Vatican) Council said in 'Lumen Gentium,' the church is the holy faithful people of God. The church is a people, the people of God. And the devil loves the elite."
But those who recognize their sins can experience Mary's motherly protection because she "is mother of all of us sinners, from the greatest to the least holy."
"That is the reality," the pope said. "If I told myself that I wasn't a sinner, I would be the greatest corrupt person."
Pope Francis also reflected on Mary's suffering at seeing her son's death, which is a pain that many mothers, especially in his native Argentina, experience today.
He recalled the pain endured by the "Madres de la Plaza de Mayo," (Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo), an association of mothers searching for their children who went missing during Argentina's so-called "dirty war." As many as 30,000 Argentines were kidnapped, tortured, murdered or disappeared between 1976 and 1983 under Argentina's military dictatorship, and many of those detained were seized along with their children.
Their pain, Pope Francis said, "is impossible to understand."
"One of them told me, 'I want to at least see the body, the bones of my daughter, to know where she is buried,'" he recalled. "There exists a memory that I call, 'maternal memory,' something physical, the memory of flesh and bone. This memory as well can explain the anguish."
Many times, the pope continued, "they asked me, 'But where was the church in that moment, why didn't it defend us?' I do not say anything, and I accompany them. The desperation of the mothers of the Plaza de Mayo is terrible. We can do nothing more than accompany them and respect their pain, to take their hand."
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