text:
If you are on the lookout to purchase an Executive Condominium, and especially at the upcoming Provence Residence, the question of potential profitably is definitely one that is of concern.
Here we take a look at the profitability of some past Executive Condominium launches.
Just 2 years ago in 2018, a record was broken in the realm of executive condos in Singapore.
There was a big commotion about this Sumang Walk purchase – and with good reason too.
It broke the record for the most expensive land purchase for an executive condo at $509 million.
While also registering the second-highest number of bids for the land at 17 bids (not far off from the record 19 bids).
The best part?
All 17 bids surpassed the previous record set in July 2013 for the current Lake Life site.
Since then, its launch set another record too – it was the first time average prices for an executive condo has crossed the $1,000 psf mark .
And as of the current time of writing, it has sold a total of 62.3per cent of its 820 units – which doesn't sound bad at all – until you find out that it was the only EC launch in 2019.
You could also say that Piermont Grand EC has been the trendsetter, as subsequent launches Parc Canberra EC and the Ola EC have all joined the $1,000 psf executive condo club since.
So if you are in the market for an executive condo, you will no doubt be looking at these unprecedented new highs in EC prices and wondering if going for an EC will still make any sense.
Well, that is exactly what we will be exploring today – does buying an EC still represent good value in 2020.
To make this an easy read, I will be looking at some broader themes:
Let's get right down to business.
There's absolutely no doubt that executive condo prices have been rising throughout the years.
From the first EC launch (Eastvale) in 1999, until today in 2020, launch prices have risen from about $400 psf to its current approximately $1,100 psf.
That represents a 175 per cent increase!
If you were to take a look at recent years, you will, in fact, realise that there has still been an upward trend in prices.
As you can see from the graph, there was an almost doubling in average psf prices from 2008 to 2013.
This was purely because there were no EC sales in that period as HDB had replaced it with the DBSS scheme (which I think most of us can agree is now officially a failed venture).
Prices have slowly increased since then from a high $600 plus psf to $800 plus psf in early 2019.
Even if the increases have been rather moderate given the bummer crop of EC launches we saw in 2016/2017 (hint: it had something to do with market oversupply).
This, despite a revision upwards in the income ceiling for an EC in 2015 from $12,000 to $14,000 .
And again recently in 2019, when the income ceiling was further raised to $16,000 .
But it's quite clear that the Government expects these new EC prices to be a new norm, given their decision to increase the ceiling to allow for a bigger range of potential EC buyers.
Now that we've gotten the obvious out of the way, however, the bigger question remains.
Are developers profiting from this increase in prices?
Let's take a look.
Unfortunately, I wasn't able to obtain any of the figures for 2008 and earlier, but I think this is a good enough indication to judge the profitability of ECs from a developer standpoint.
Other than the exception of Rivercove EC at a 30 per cent profit margin, the rest of the executive condos have a margin of between 8 per cent to 24 per cent.
You won't really find extremely high-profit margins in this space (unlike private condos ), as it is controlled by the MSR as well as the combined income ceiling, thereby limiting the amount developers can price their units at.
But if you look closer at the recent three executive condos that have broken the $1,000 psf mark, you'll see that their margins are hovering between 13-14 per cent – which is actually lower than all of the EC launches of 2018/2019.
So if the developers aren't making a bigger profit from these sales, what gives?
Well, it's all about the increasing land prices.
Just as how the Stirling Road GLS land sale was attributed to Chinese developers, you can see from the table above the increased competition for land in Singapore.
So increased competition = higher land price, which then leads to lower profit margins and hence higher EC prices.
That leads us to our next question:
Has the price gap between an executive condo and private condo been increasing or decreasing?
Probably the biggest reason why ECs are as popular as they are is that it is essentially a subsidised condo .
If you aren't aware of the executive condo status, I think most people would not be able to tell between an EC and a mass-market condo today.
Take a look at the Ola EC for example, one might even argue that offerings wise they outperform some private condos out there.
So because they are sold at a cheaper price, when they are fully privatised, they are expected to make up that price gap – thus making the owner money.
But do ECs really make up that gap upon their private condo status?
Let's see from the data.
To make this a fairer comparison, I wanted to see the price gaps segregated by districts.
You'll find that all the executive condos in Singapore today are only available in districts 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 27, and 28.
Let's look at the first one – District 18.
Looking at the graph, there is clearly a price gap between the ECs and the condos.
Note that to make it a more unbiased comparison, I only took the leasehold condos in district 18 to compare.
Yet there was still a price gap – which has widened even more significantly in the past few years.
You could chalk this down to the various new developments in the area, like D'Nest and Coco Palms (just to name a few).
But seeing as the data has been skewed due to the new launches in the area, I had to use a more equitable way of finding out this price gap.
The best way?
It's quite a straightforward one – this means I can only compare an EC to private condos with similar characteristics.
So same lease start date, and similar locations (as much as possible).
Let's start with Simei Green, which is located in Changi.
As one of the first executive condos in Singapore, it has been privatised long ago.
The closest comparison I could find was Eastpoint Green, a condominium that was about a 5-minute drive away.
It started sales in 1996, just a year before Simei Green, and had 646 units as compared to 602 in Simei Green.
So by all accounts, very similar statistics.
From the graph, it's easy to see the gap in the early years because of the subsidised prices for Simei Green.
But at the 5-year mark in 2004, that gap was closed to a difference of $62.62 average psf.
Simei Green actually performed better in just the one year in 2016, fell behind in 2017 and since then the gap has been closed to an almost marginal difference.
Although, it's safe to say here that the price gap between the EC and the private condominium never actually quite catches up.
Could we chalk this down to the biased view that most people have – that an EC is seen as an "inferior" alternative to private condominiums?
Well, Bishan Loft would beg to differ.
Let me show you.
Again, to make this a fairer comparison to evaluate the performance of the EC, I am only going to be looking at similar comparables in the area.
So the Rafflesia was the obvious choice given its close proximity and TOP date – although it should be noted in this case that it was the smaller development with lesser units.
You can see that the gap was obvious at the beginning – a $286 psf difference.
Even upon MOP 5 years later, the gap still remained almost the same – with a slight reduction to $264 psf.
However, once Bishan Loft reached full privatisation the difference was almost negligible (a $17.70 psf difference for the year 2012).
But here's the most amazing part – Bishan Loft actually went on to outperform the Rafflesia.
In the subsequent years from 2014 to 2016, and most recently in 2020.
Although it must be said, there was just the one transaction in 2020 for Bishan Loft as compared to four transactions at the Rafflesia.
So what can we conclude from this?
As with many other developments, a lot of it is always based on the timing, location, and demand/supply of the area.
In this case, the timing of the launch of Bishan Loft coincided with the upturn in the property cycle .
Bishan Loft also enjoys one of, if not the most enviable locations for any executive condo.
It's walking distance to Junction 8 and Bishan MRT, and obviously Bishan itself is a draw given its convenient location.
Let's also not forget Bishan is predominantly an HDB town, so the lower supply of condominiums naturally creates that demand.
I know that's been quite a mouthful so far, so let's recap.
We all know that there is a price gap between an executive condo and a private condo, there's no doubt about that.
And while I only showed you District 18, I went through District's 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 27, and 28, and it was pretty much the same story as well – that price gap never quite closes completely.
As a matter of fact, like District 18, some of the other districts have price gaps that have widened considerably the past few years because of newer condos in the area.
Like our price gap article, this could actually present an opportunity for the ECs to catch up.
And even when we move down to comparables, the price gap still remains – with the only current outlier being Bishan loft due to its superior location and combination of other factors.
So now that we've established the EC price gap, let's move on to the profitability of ECs.
Profitability when sold 5 and 10 years since completion (%)
To look at the profitability of executive condos at the 5 and 10-year mark (MOP and privatisation respectively), I plotted the actual transactions that happened at both points.
Please note that these are gross profits, I did not take into account stamp duty, taxes etc.
For those that had transactions at the 10-year mark, all of them were profitable – with The Eden at Tampines and Bishan Loft registering a more than 100 per cent profitability.
Again, Bishan Loft is heads and shoulders above its peers with a 159 per cent profitability.
You'd also notice here that all these developments have a common factor of the period launched (2003/2004) – the time just before the upturn of the property market.
On the 5-year MOP front, only 23 of the 36 ECs were profitable, with all of the early developments built in 1999/2000 registering a range of figures between -6 per cent to -25 per cent of losses.
For some reading this, you might be surprised to learn that not all executive condos are a sure-to-win prospect at MOP.
Once again, this was due to the time it was launched as worldwide events like the 1997 Financial Crisis and the tech bubble burst in 2001 all played a role in the first batch of executive condos.
But the most interesting point to note is this:
While the holding period of 10 years to privatisation can be seen as a huge inflexibility to some, you can also look at the "forced" holding period as a blessing in disguise as 100 per cent of these have made money because of that length of time .
In the example of Floravale, selling at the 5-year MOP mark would have resulted in a -12 per cent loss, while holding it for a further 5 years would have made a 52 per cent gain instead.
It is quite a huge difference.
Now, for our last point of exploration (and quite possibly the part that you've been waiting for) – how have all the ECs performed as a whole?
On average, an EC has about 141 profitable and 42 unprofitable transactions .
And of that, profitable transactions are $207,342 and losses are -$60,193 .
Here's what I have observed:
Truthfully, there aren't many other points from this table that is conclusive – so you can treat this as a topic of interest.
Let's take a final look at the 3 latest executive condos to be launched as we conclude this article.
*Prices as of March 2020
As you can see, the private condo price gap (new sale, resale prices) for District 19 is almost negligible – given the prices that the Ola EC and Piermont Grand EC is launched at.
Parc Canberra has a current margin of 15.16 per cent, and that's a far cry from some of the numbers that was achieved in the earlier years.
So to surmise, there are two key takeaways that I would like to leave you with.
The first – the "forced" holding period to complete privatisation is the key reason why executive condos are profitable at that 10-year point – that longer holding period allows more time for a possible uptrend.
The second – it is becoming increasingly obvious that EC developers are looking to play 'quality catch-up' with private condos, to try and compensate for the higher prices with an elevated perceived value.
Full-featured ECs
And to be frank, with land costs as high as they are today, it's hard to imagine the same levels of profitability as before – unless of course, we can anticipate a sudden upcoming boom in the economy (in which case, we would mostly profit either way).
But I think that the perceived notion of ECs will never be able to be shaken off in a consumers mindset – so I don't expect ECs to ever close that price gap.
So for those who are looking for an executive condo to achieve high profits, please do not take Bishan Loft as an example (not unless there is ever an EC launch in a prime location again).
Looking at historic prices, it is unlikely that ECs to transact at private condos pricing – they will still continue transacting in their own category.
At the end of the day though, the main purpose of an EC is to bridge the gap between private residential and HDBs – and that has been met to a certain extent.
There will always be those who are attracted to new developments and want the condo lifestyle but with a certain level of affordance.
Which is why I believe that either way, there will continue to be demand for ECs down the road (especially if there is a diversity in EC offerings for various demographics).
As for them becoming the next gold rush however, I think today's conclusion is still a cautionary one.


text:
Top Indian media executives on Wednesday agreed to launch a massive public information campaign across India to create awareness about the country's growing HIV /AIDS crisis — often described as a time bomb.
With 5.1 million cases, India has the second-largest population of HIV/AIDS (search) sufferers in the world after South Africa.
Medical experts warn ignorance and the stigma attached to the disease could push India into the top slot over the next few years. Health and Family Welfare Minister Anbumani Ramdoss repeated those warnings Thursday, saying there are many Indians who haven't even heard about the disease.
Media executives from India's newspapers and television channels met Thursday to discuss what they could do to help stop the pandemic, and promised to launch public awareness programs.
"If not checked, (AIDS) can hurt our ambitions in economic growth and development very severely," said Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, who also attended the conference.
Hollywood actor and social activist Richard Gere was also at the meeting, and said it was not too late for India.
"There is a window of opportunity right now. If everyone gets serious, you can escape what happens tragically in Africa," Gere, who runs an AIDS program in India, told reporters. "The quickest way one can change anything is through the media."
Gere also praised the Indian prime minister's participation in the media summit and said the only reason why Thailand and Uganda have had success in lowering their rates of infection was because of strong leadership.
Last year, nearly 610,000 Indians are known to have contracted HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, according to a study funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (search).

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Knowledge And Practice Toward Breast Self Examination Nursing Essay
|✅ Paper Type: Free Essay
|✅ Subject: Nursing
|✅ Wordcount: 5260 words
|✅ Published: 1st Jan 2015
A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the knowledge and practice toward
breast self-examination (BSE), among a sample of female nursing student in University Sultan Zainal Abidin Terengganu. Using a purposed questionnaire, a total of 40 nursing student years 2 from Nursing Department completed the questionnaire. The mean age of the respondents was 20 years (SD = 3.7). All of respondent (100%) were single. The percentages of nursing student toward breast cancer and breast self examination were high (95%) seventy seven percent (77.5%) of respondent were practice the breast self examination and only twenty two were not perform breast self examination. most of respondent are not regularly perform breast self examination, only 7.5% do it regularly. the obstacle to perform BSE is not sure how to perform BSE
. The study findings suggest that the knowledge is but the practise is must be done regularly because the nurse should teach their client the right way to perform BSE. If the nurse cannot do it in right step how can they will teach their client
Chapter 1
Background of study
1. Prevalence and incidence
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in most parts of the world. There is a marked geographical variation in incidence rate. In 2000, there were 1,050,346 cases reported with 372,969 deaths from breast cancer world-wide. The incidence ranged from an average of 95 per 100,000 in more developed countries to 20 per 100,000 in less developed countries.
If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help!Essay Writing Service
The incidence (number of new cancers) is steadily increasing. The statistics are more frightening in countries like the USA where about 184,000 new cases of breast cancer are detected annually. The National Cancer Institute estimates that by age 50, one out of every 50 women will develop breast cancer. By age 80, it will rise to one in 10. If this risk is calculated over their lifetime, one in 8 women will suffer from breast cancer. One in 28 will die of the disease. One in 3000 women develop breast cancer during pregnancy and pregnant women tend to develop them usually in their 30s. (Only 2% of breast cancers are diagnosed in pregnant women.)
Presented in another way:
Every 3 minutes, one woman is diagnosed with breast cancer (USA)
Every 11 minutes, one woman dies from breast cancer (USA)
Every year, 30,000 women and 200 men are diagnosed with breast cancer (UK)
In countries where rates have been low, especially in Asia, the rate of increase has been the greatest with steep increases in the incidence as well as death rate (mortality).
Adapted from American Cancer Society (2003).
Breast Cancer in Malaysia
Breast cancer was the commonest overall cancer as well as the commonest cancer in women amongst all races from the age of 20 years in Malaysia for 2003 to 2005. Breast cancer is most common in the Chinese, followed by the Indians and then, Malays and breast cancer formed 31.1% of newly diagnosed cancer cases in women in 2003-2005.
Source from the National Cancer Registry
The Age Standardized Rate (ASR) of female breast cancer is 47.4 per 100,000 population (National Cancer Registry Report 2003-2005). Amongst the Chinese, it is higher at 59.9 per 100,000 population, for the Indians, the ASR is 54.2 per 100,000 and it is lowest in the Malays at 34.9 per 100,000 population. A woman in Malaysia has a 1 in 20 chance of getting breast cancer in her lifetime The cumulative life time risk of developing breast cancer for Chinese women, Indian women and Malay women were 1 in 16, 1 in 17 and 1 in 28 respectively. The peak incidence appeared to be 50-59 years old. In comparison, the next (2nd) commonest cancer in Malaysian women in 2002 & 2003 was cancer of the cervix, which only formed 12% and 12.9% respectively of total female cancers. The statistics for Malaysia was sourced from the National Cancer Registry Reports 2002 and 2003. Over time, the pattern of cancers, including breast cancer will be better established. It is only with continued reliable data that important decisions on planning and policy management can be made for Malaysia.
Estimates by the International Agency for Research in Cancers reported that in 2000, there were 3825 cases reported and 1707 deaths from breast cancer in Malaysia.
Breast cancer is the commonest female malignancy in Malaysia and all over the world. Its incidence in Malaysia in 2000 was 41.9 cases per 100,000. In 2002, 4337 cases of breast cancer were reported to the National Cancer Registry with an incidence rate of 52.8 per 100,000 and accounting for 30.4% of all diagnosed malignancies in Malaysian women. One in 9 Malaysian women has a chance of developing breast cancer. Breast cancer incidence in Malaysia is intermediate between rates of industrialized countries like the US 91/100,000 and developing countries like India 19/100,000. This situation is not permanent since the rate in developing countries is rising as women adopt lifestyles of the developed countries. Disease risk varies by ethnicity. Lifetime risk is 1 in 24 for Malays, 1 in 14 for the Chinese, and 1 in 15 for Indians. The age at diagnosis shows an opposite pattern being highest in the Indians and lowest in the Malays. The differences among ethnic groups reflect different age structures and lifestyle choices (parity, breast feeding practice, diet). Genetic risk factors have not been studies thoroughly in Malaysia. The risk of the disease increases with age being maximal at age 50-59. Women in Malaysia present with larger tumors and at later stages than women in the US. Certain health beliefs, lack of correct information, and inadequate health care facilities are a barrier to routine early detection and treatment of the disease
Breast Cancer is easier to treat the earlier it is found. For that reason, some experts recommend that women over age 20 perform a monthly breast self examination to look for new lumps and other changes.
Breast self-examination is a simple, very low cost, non-invasive adjuvant screening method for the detection of early breast cancer in women. Its purpose is important in case of a prompt reporting of breast symptoms which are important early detection messages for women of all ages, and to make women familiar with both the appearance and the feel of their breasts as early as possible. There is evidence that women who correctly practice Breast self- examination monthly are more likely to detect a lump in the early stage of its development, and early diagnosis has been reported to influence early treatment and to yield a better survival rate
It was found that mortality had fallen by 31%after 6-years for women aged 40-70 at the beginning of the trial. Unfortunately despite the benefits of regular Breast self-examination, few women actually examine themselves; in fact, majority does not even know how to do Breast self examination. Although opinions conflict about the value of Breast Self Examination (BSE)
1.2 Problem statement
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women today and is the most common cancer among women. .Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Malaysian women. There is a marked geographical difference in the worldwide incidence of breast cancer, with a higher incidence in developed countries compared to developing countries.
According to Malaysia cancer statistic (data and figure – 2006) found that the incidence of breast cancer case according to age between 0-9 years is 1 case, for to age 10-19 years – 6 cases and 20-29 years is 78 cases. It is show increase in cases and it happening to all groups. Because of that, it is very important for someone to detect early sign and symptom of breast cancer. All groups should know how to perform Breast self examination
Breast self-examination (BSE) is a screening method used in an attempt to detect early breast cancer. The method involves the woman herself looking at and feeling each breast for possible lumps, distortions or swelling.
Breast self-examination (BSE) is a low-cost, low risk procedure that can be repeated at frequent intervals, and has been advocated as a self-performed screening procedure.
1.3 Researcher experience
Trough author experience as a staff nurse in hospital and community health author found that many younger women at age 15-24 came to clinic to check the lumps because they don't know how to perform the right technique of breast self examination . Usually at this age they feel shy to expose their breast to be palpable. End of the result the condition becoming worse. And for author experience as a clinical instructor at Nursing department, a few of the student always came with complain of they have a lump at their breast but not sure it is a lump or anything else
It is for this reason that the author chose to study student's knowledge and practice of breast cancer examination. Having the knowledge of breast cancer could result in seeking medical attention early before complications develop.
1.4 Risk factors and symptoms of Breast cancer
1.4.1 Risk factors and sign symptoms:
A risk factor is anything that increases your chance of getting a disease, For example
Smoking is a risk factor for cancers of the lung, mouth, larynx, bladder, kidney, and
ischemic heart diseases. But having risk factor does not mean than the disease is certain.
Risk factors also can be divided into risk determinants and risk modulators. Determinants cannot be changed or influenced on the other hand risk modulators can be changed or influenced.
A. Determinant risk factors:
Gender: Being a woman is risk factors for breast cancer. Incidence of breast cancer in male is very low. Men account for approximately 1% of all breast cancer cases.
Growing age: Incidence of breast cancer is low before 40. In absolute term advancing age is the greatest risk for developing breast cancer. About 17% of the invasive breast cancer diagnoses are women in their 40s.while, 78% of the women diagnoses the same invasive breast cancer when they are in 50s or older
Genetic predisposition: Recent studies have shown that about 5% to 10% of breast cancer cases are hereditary as a result of gene changes (called mutations). The most common mutations are those of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
Family history of breast cancer: Research has shown that women with a family history of breast cancer have a higher risk for developing the disease. Having 1 first-degree relative (mother, sister, or daughter) with breast cancer approximately doubles a woman's risk. Having 2, a first-degree relative increases her risk 5-fold.
Personal history of breast cancer: A woman with cancer in one breast has a 3- to 4-fold increased risk of developing a new cancer in the other breast or in another part of the same breast.
Early age at menarche and late menopause: Early menarche and late menopause both increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
B. Risk modulators (Lifestyle-Related Breast Cancer Risk factors)
First birth at late age and low parity: Delaying childbirth or remaining childless
increase the risk of developing breast cancer. The higher parities and earlier age
at first pregnancy of women in many developing countries might account for
lower incidence of breast cancer in relation to developed countries.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): It has become clear that long-term use
(several years or more) of postmenopausal hormone therapy (PHT), particularly
estrogen and progesterone combined, increases risk of breast cancer.
Alcohol consumption: Recent studies have shown alcohol consumption increase the risk of breast cancer. In a summary analysis of epidemiologic studies, breast cancer risk increased between 40 and 70 percent with about two drinks daily.
Obesity and high-fat diets: The relation between the obesity, high fat intake and breast cancer is complex. Most of the studies found obesity and high fat intake is the risk factors for developing breast cancer. But the relation seems to be not strong or consistent.
1.4.2 Warning symptoms of Breast cancer:
Early breast cancer is usually symptom less. But there are some symptoms develop as the cancer advances. Breast lump or breast mass is the main symptoms of the breast cancer.Lump are usually painless, firm to hard and usually with irregular borders. Every lump is not cancerous, sometimes some lumps or swelling in the breast tissue may be due to hormonal changes or benign (not harmful) in nature. Beside these some others symptoms are important, like:
• Lump or mass in the armpit
• A change in the size or shape of the breast
• Abnormal nipple discharge
Usually bloody or clear-to-yellow or green fluid
May look like pus (purulent)
• Change in the color or feel of the skin of the breast, nipple, or areola
Dimpled, puckered, or scaly
Retraction, "orange peel" appearance
Accentuated veins on breast surface
Change in appearance or sensation of the nipple
Pulled in (retraction), enlargement, or itching
• Breast pain, enlargement, or discomfort on one side only
• Any breast lump, pain, tenderness, or other change in a man
• Symptoms of advanced disease are bone pain, weight loss, swelling of one arm,
and skin ulceration
(Source: Medline plus Medical Encyclopedia: Breast Cancer.)
1.5 Research Objective
1.5.1 General Objective:
To determine the level of the knowledge and practice toward breast self examination among year 2 female nursing student of University Sultan Zainal Abidin Terengganu
1.5.2 Specific objectives:
1. To determine the level of knowledge regarding breast cancer examination
2. To determine the practice of student on breast self examination.
1.5.3 Expected Benefit
The result of this study will identify level of knowledge and practice towards Breast Self Examination among nursing student and how frequent they practice the right steps. This study also will deliver the knowledge about right BSE to the student for them to apply on themselves and to expose the knowledge to the community.
1.5.4 Significance of project
Breast cancer is easier to threat the earlier it is found. There is evidence that women who correctly practice Breast Self Examination (BSE) monthly can detect a lump in the early stage of its development, and early stage of its development, and early diagnosis has been reported to influence early treatment and to yield a better survival rate. Unfortunately , despite the benefit of regular BSE ,a few women actually examine themselves , in fact , majority does not even know how to do BSE and opinion conflict about the value of BSEmen who correctly practice Breast Self Examination (BSE) montly can detect a
The aim of this study was to investigate the level of knowledge and practice towards Breast Self Examination among nursing student and how frequent they practice the right steps. This study also will deliver the knowledge about right BSE to the student for them to apply on themselves and to expose the knowledge to the community.
1.5.5 Scope of the project
Reference population : Student Nursing attending Medical and Health Science Faculty in UnisZA, Kuala Terengganu
Study subject : Year 2 Nursing student in nursing Department at Medicine and Health Science in UnisZA during study period (1st January to 31 March )
1.5.6 Definition of term
Student – anyone who is learning or someone who attends an educational institution (Wikipedia and free encyclopedia )
Nurse – is a healthcare professional, who along with other health care professionals, is responsible for the treatment, safety, and recovery of acutely or chronically ill or injured people, health maintenance of the healthy, and treatment of life-threatening emergencies in a wide range of health care settings (Wikipedia and free encyclopedia )
Knowledge – expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject
Practice – a method of learning by repetition
Breast Self Examination – is a method of finding abnormalities of the breast, for early detection of breast cancer. The method involves the woman herself looking at and feeling each breast for possible lumps, distortions or swelling.
Chapter 2
Literature Review
According to Israa M. Alkhasawneh et al (2008) It is therefore important for nurses as educators to have appropriate information and positive attitude toward early detection of breast cancer. The provision of cancer screening behaviour can be complicated by the fear and uncertainty associated with cancer. Nurses' knowledge and awareness of breast cancer screening behaviour would impact patients' behaviour by increasing their awareness.
Forgetfulness is the most important reason for not performing BSE. Furthermore, the fear of finding a mass, not having self-confidence, not being knowledgeable about how to perform BSE, laziness, and the absence of breast cancer in the family were the other reasons students refrain from the procedure. The main reasons for not performing BSE in the current study also were not know how to perform the examination, not having any previous problems in the breast, forgetfulness, and laziness. Sakine Memis (2009)
Nursing profession is one of them, and it is very important for self carefulness to be able to recognize the signs of their own illness. Breast self-examination is an examination that should be perfect for nurses. They have the knowledge of the clinical signs of Breast Cancer and of the examination technique, and they can do it themselves without consulting a physician. Furthermore, they are especially aware of the importance of the early detection of breast cancer for a successful treatment. It has been shown that confidence in one's BSE ability is strongly correlated to BSE practice in the general population.
For more emphasis of BSE occurs in the work place and in undergraduate and postgraduate courses, nurses, teaching of BSE to clients may be increased. Also, the provision of BSE educational programs is necessary to increase nurses' knowledge, confidence, performance, and teaching of BSE.( Ali Abu-Salem 2007)
It is supported by Agghababai sodabeh et al (2006) the nurses have a role for health and nature of the nurse client relationship facilitates opportunities for health education. Breast awareness will not necessarily translate into women becoming more familiar with their own breast tissue, unless they are encouraged to look at and touch the breast as a normal part of self -care health behavior.
Regarding to G Ertem, A Kocer a positive correlation was found between nursing work experience and their practice alongside BSE medical professionals. Almost all the nurses knew how to conduct BSE, but did not prioritize practicing it. Nurses have knowledge about breast cancer screening behavior, such as BSE, the rates of performance are not adequate. It is therefore recommended that to increase rates of regular breast cancer screening behavior, mass health protective programs be conducted, especially for female health workers who undertake the responsibility of raising breast cancer prevention and awareness in society.. (2009)
Dr.Osama et al Positive correlations were found between nursing work experience and their practice in BSE as working nurses. Studies like these can enhance the knowledge regarding BSE among nurses and other medical professionals. (2007)
According to Roupa Z1., et al (2002) the majority of the subjects in student nurse acknowledged the usefulness and the convenience of BSE in the early detection of the breast cancer. The majority of the subjects fail to perform BSE regularly. Considerable percentages of the subjects in student groups have insufficient knowledge of BSE.
From Mehregen Hj Mahmoodi et al (2002) Seventy-five percent of the women knew about breast cancer prevalence, but only 27% knew that breast pain is not a symptom of breast cancer. Although 73% of women did know that contact with a relative with breast cancer could not lead to development of breast cancer, the respondents' knowledge of risk factors of breast cancer was not satisfactory. With regard to women's attitudes toward BSE, the majority believed that it is not difficult and time consuming or troublesome (63% and 72%, respectively). Sixty-three percent of the respondents claimed that they know how to examine their breasts, but only 6% performed BSE monthly.
From study Ozgul Karayurt (2008), 6.7% of the students were performing BSE monthly and 20.3% of the students were performing BSE irregularly. Students' knowledge about BSE might have affected their monthly BSE performance. However, only a small number of students who had knowledge about the BSE procedure were performing BSE monthly. The most common reasons for not doing BSE were "not knowing how to perform BSE" (98.5%), "not expecting to get breast cancer" (45.6%) and "not having a close relative with breast cancer" (42.9%).Consistent with the results of this study, in many studies, students noted that they did not perform BSE because they did not know how to perform it [4,29], and that they did not have a family history of breast cancer
Chapter 3
Research methodology
This chapter contains the research design adopted for the study, a description of the study site, study population, sampling and sample size, data collection tool and method, data analysis, inclusion and exclusion criteria; and ethical considerations.
3.2 Research design
A cross- sectional quantitative study was conducted to determine the knowledge and practice of breast self examination.
3,3 Sample size
40 student of year 2 nursing student in department of nursing are selected as a sample for this study
3.4 Sample criteria
inclusion criteria
age 18 years above
year 2 student
exclusion criteria
below 18 years
year 1 and 3 student
3.5 Data collection tool and method
Data collection was accomplished using administered questionnaire (See appendix A). The questionnaire was divided into 3 major parts.
Part 1
Socio demographic data: age, education level, marital status, and number of children..
Coding for part 1:
Question 1: Age
Question 2: primary = 1, secondary = 2, tertiary = 3, none = 4
Question 3: Single = 1, married = 2, divorced = 3, widowed = 4, separated = 5
Question 4: none = 1, 1-5 = 2, 6-10 = 3, >10 = 4
Part II : Knowledge of breast self examination:
Coding for part II
Question 5 : S 1- S 5 – True = 2 (correct answer )
– False = 0
Question 6: S 1 – S 10 – True -2(correct answer)
– False = 0
Question 7: S1 – true = 2 (correct answer) false = 0
S2 – S4 – False – 2 (correct answer ) , True – 0
Question 8 : S1- S3 – True =2 (correct answer),
false = 0
Question 9 : Yes = 0
No= 2 (correct answer)
Question 10 : Yes = 2 (correct answer)
No= 0
Question 11 : Yes = 2 (correct answer)
No= 0
Question 12 : Yes = 2 (correct answer)
No= 0
Question 13 : Yes = 2 (correct answer)
No= 0
Question 14 : Yes = 2 (correct answer)
No= 0
Question 15 : Yes = 2 (correct answer)
No= 0
Question 16: S 1 – S 3 – True -2(correct answer)
– False = 0
Question17: S 1 – S 2 – True -2(correct answer)
– False = 0
Part 111 : Practice
Question 18: Yes = (Practice), no – (not practice)
Question 27.1: monthly- 1 , every six month – 2, yearly- 3 , never practice- 4
Question 27.2: forgetting = 1, not sure how to do it = 2, difficult to perform = 3,
never taught how to do it = 4
Data collection was done by the researcher, from Feb. 2011 to Mac 2011 , which is a period of one months.
3.6 Data analysis
Questionnaires were coded to suit computer statistical package and data was imported into Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). Analysis was done using SPSS to calculate mean, standard deviation and frequency distribution according to knowledge and practice of breast cancer examination.
Questions to assess the knowledge of breast self examinations and the knowledge questions were and the scores were categorizes as follows:
<34 =low, >34 = high. The total marks for the knowledge are 70
3.7 Ethical considerations
The research was commenced only after receiving the approval of the Research Ethics Committee (MREC) of the Faculty of Health Sciences- University Technology Mara, and the local authority from Dean, Medicine and Health Science Faculty UniSZA, written informed consent was sought from the study participants at the commencement of the study. The aims and objectives of the research were introduced to the participants.. They were informed that their participation was voluntary and they were free to decline from the study at any stage. Participants were assured of their confidentiality while they participated in the study and privacy was maintained by not writing their names on the question
4.1.1 Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents
Forty female student nursing student are participate in this study .the table of the social demographic characterized are shown on table 1.
Majority of the female nursing student are same age, single and same educational level because they are join nursing course after Malaysian Certificated Education (SPM)
Table 1
< 20 years
20 and above
Education level
Tertiary level
Marital status
Number of children
4.1.2 Level of knowledge
4.1.3 Symptoms of breast cancer
Very few of the respondents that only 5 (12.5% ) knew that pain is not a symptom of breast cancer. Majority of the respondents 37 (92.5%) knew that lump in the breast is a symptom of breast cancer. The commonest presentation of breast cancer which is a painless breast lump only a third 16(40%) of the respondents knew about it. A very of the respondents 4 (10%) knew about nipple discharge as a symptom of breast cancer, while more of the respondents 35(87.5%) had knowledge on skin changes as shown on table 2 below.
Pain in the breast
Lump in the breast
Painless lump
Nipple discharge
Skin changes
(Correct answer are highlighted in bold)
4.1.4 Risk factor of breast cancer
Only one of the respondents 1(2.5%) did not knew about family history of breast cancer as a risk factor. That is same with risk factor where only one of the respondents 1(2.5%) knew about never given birth as a risk factor for breast cancer. This also applied to having many children, only one third of the respondents 11(27.5%) knew that it was not a risk factor. More than half of the respondents 30 (75%) knew that advancing age is also a risk factor for breast cancer. More than a half of the respondents 37(92.5%) knew that breast feeding is not a risk factor for breast cancer. Very few of the respondents 5(12.5%) had knowledge that oral contraceptive is a risk factor for breast cancer.
Our academic experts are ready and waiting to assist with any writing project you may have. From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs.View our services
Only one of the respondents 1(2.5%) knew that tobacco intake as well as excessive alcohol intake are risk factors for breast cancer respectively. One third of the respondents 12(30%) knew that high dietary intake is a risk factor. Being obese as one of the risk factor and more than half of the respondents 28(70%) knew about it. Thin women is not a risk factor for breast cancer only 19(47.5%) knew about it, as shown on the table 3.
Family history
Never giving birth
Having many children
Advancing age
Breast feeding
Tobacco intake
Excessive alcohol intake
High dietary fat intake
Thin women
(Correct answer are highlighted in bold)
4.1.5 Protective factor of breast cancer
Table 4 below shows the protective factors for breast cancer, All of the respondents 40(100%) and most of them knew that breast feeding is a protective factor for breast cancer and they also knew that not to be a breast feeding is not protective factor for breast cancer . The fact that you are young you are protected from the breast cancer, however half of the respondents 22(55%) knew about it. Having first child at older age almost half of the respondents 17(42.5%) knew that it is not a protective factor.
Table 4
Breast feeding
Not to breast feeding
Young age
Erderly primid
(Correct answer are highlighted in bold)
4.1.6 Method can detect breast cancer
Majority of the respondents 39(97.5%), and 38(95%) knew that breast self-examination, clinical breast examination and mammogr
Cite This Work
To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below:
Related ServicesView all
DMCA / Removal Request
If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please:


text:
With colored polypropylene bodywork and recycled-steel trestles, the chairs in the Catifa 53 and 46 collections may look like any other chair but
they are not like any chair. The life cycle of the chair is analysed according ISO 14025. Every detail from material treatment of raw materials, packaging and recycling of the final product is optimized. It's simple form hides precision work in sustainability, ergonomics and otherwise.
Created in 2001, Catifa has evolved into a complete seating system. With its unmistakable, innovative design, this versatile range adapts beautifully to any number of uses and settings: at home, in the office, in restaurants or hotels. The Catifa collection offers a wide choice of materials and colours. Shell in double-curved plywood, mono- or bi-colour polypropylene using Arper's exclusive patented "Color Bi" process. The shell can be upholstered in leather, "faux" leather or fabric, or covered in hide or suede. The base comes in chrome-finish steel, satin-finish stainless steel or aluminium and is available in a number of options: 4-leg, trestle with or without wheels, sled or five-star.


text:
You have no items in your shopping cart.
Get FREE SHIPPING if you order $150.00 more!
Congratulations! You are qualified for free shipping!
René Furterer
Rene Furterer Volumea Volumizing Shampoo gently lathers to whisk away excess debris and impurities without stripping hair of its essential oils. Infused with carob extract, this shampoo for fine hair naturally boosts volume, while citric acid prevents water damage.
Lather onto wet hair, rinse and repeat if necessary.
A gentle cleansing shampoo for fine, flat and limp hair.
Water, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Inulin, Lauryl Glucoside, Polyglyceryl-2 Dipolyhydroxystearate, Cetrimonium, Chloride, Citric Acid, Fragrance, Glycerin, Hydrolyzed Ceratonia Siliqua Gum Extract, Polyquaternium-37, Sodium Chloride
from $39.00
from $140.00
"" added to cart success.View Cart
added to wishlist success.
Sign up here to get the latest news, updates andspecial offers delivered directly to your inbox.


text:
Danny MacAskill does Reddit AMA
Reddit is a social news aggregator that works on the same premise as a bulletin board. It is also one of most highly trafficked websites in the world. This week, Danny MacAskill hosted an AMA (short for Ask Me Anything) to promote his epic new riding video.
What's surprising is that his thread isn't buried on some sub-page — it's on the homepage, which receives over 500 million monthly visitors. Among the most interesting unveils, MacAskill says, "Three hundred attempts at one trick can be quite normal." Nice work, Danny.
Check out MacAskill's Reddit AMA here and see the entire Mtbr Danny MacAskill archive here.
The post Danny MacAskill does Reddit AMA appeared first on Mountain Bike Review.


text:
Watch as a woman is too busy yapping away instead of picking up her feet and nocks a couple teeth out on a step.
Copyright © 2023 Luckytool, LLC. All rights reserved. Lots of Jokes™ is a trademark of Luckytool, LLC. Contents is protected by international copyright laws. Unauthorized copying or duplication in any form is strictly prohibited without the prior written consent of Luckytool, LLC. Use of Lots of Jokes acknowledges your acceptance to our terms and conditions, DMCA notice and privacy policy.


text:
A locally owned and independent Asian restaurant that serves a broad Cantonese menu and several seafood-themed signature dishes is in "soft-opening" mode now and will host a grand opening Saturday in the South Towne Centre in Miami Twp.
Fu Mon Lau restaurant opened at 2008 Miamisburg-Centerville Road earlier this month in space that previously housed a Qdoba restaurant.
Fu Mon Lau is owned by Jin Yan Lin of Springboro, and this is her only restaurant, according to Daphne Ni, a spokeswoman for the new eatery.
Credit: CONTRIBUTED
Credit: CONTRIBUTED
The menu focuses on authentic Cantonese cuisine and other popular Chinese dishes. Signature dishes include Sampon lobster, Steamed Oysters with Black Bean Sauce, Grouper Fish Fillet w/Tofu served in a Clay Pot, Beef Brisket with Wonton Egg Noodle Soup, and a Fish-Crab Meat Soup, Ni said.
"We offer live seafood, such as lobster, oysters, Dungeness crab, and tilapia, when supplies are available," Ni said. There will be times when the coronavirus pandemic makes it difficult to maintain supplies of live seafood, she said.
Through Saturday, Nov. 21, the restaurant is offering 10 percent off all dine-in and take-out orders for anyone that mentions the Daily Dayton News or Dayton.com, Ni said.
Credit: CONTRIBUTED
Credit: CONTRIBUTED
The restaurant's owners liked the South Towne Centre location because of its high visibility along state Route 725 and its easy access to Interstates 75 and 675, as well as its proximity to the Dayton Mall retail hub, Ni said..
Fu Mon Lau is open for lunch and dinner seven days a week. For more information about Fu Mon Lau, call 937-293-2211 or check out its web site at fumonlau.com.
About the Author


text:
The quintessential waterfront village, Beaufort, where we begin our route, lies just across the causeway from the port town of Morehead City. Once an important fishing and shipbuilding town, Beaufort has transformed into a tourist mecca with a maritime flair. Fortunately, the citizens of Beaufort have never given up their roots. The architecture and down-home hospitality remain much as they always have.
Start out at the drawbridge in Beaufort. Head east on U.S. 70. Drive 26 miles, then continue straight on NC 12. Follow it 12 miles to the Cedar Island ferry. (38 miles)
A rainbow enhances the beauty of Beaufort, a quaint waterfront village near Cape
The first thing you need to know about Beaufort is how to pronounce its name. Say BEW-fert, and people will think you're from South Carolina that's how they pronounce their town of the same name and ask you to go back. Say BOW-fert, and you'll fit in just fine.
One person who fit in well in Beaufort was Rachel Carson, who came here in the late 1930s for coastal studies. Carson's 1962 book Silent Spring is credited with starting the modern environmental movement. Seven years earlier, Carson wrote a book about seashore life called The Edge of the Sea, gathering much of the material for that book during the time she spent in the Beaufort area. Today you can visit the Rachel Carson National Estuarine Research Reserve, named in honor of her contributions to the environment.
While in Beaufort, you can also visit the North Carolina Maritime Museum, browse the waterfront shops, rent a kayak, fish, stroll the streets, look at the historical architecture, and eat in the many fine restaurants.
From Beaufort, we're heading Down East to the slice of North Carolina's sound country stretching from Beaufort to Cedar Island. Locals have been calling it by that name for as long as anyone can remember, and they might get a little riled if you ask them about other areas along the coastal plain being called that. This is the original, the ONLY Down East.
Down East's charm lies in the fact that it has managed to avoid the late-twentieth-century transformations that characterize many other areas. For the most part, a drive to Cedar Island today is not a lot different from one made in the 1950s. The roads and bridges are better, and some of the houses are a little nicer, but Down Easters maintain a lifestyle tied to the sea, the marshes, and the farmland that surrounds them.
You'll pass through more than a dozen villages between Beaufort and Cedar Island. Most of them are tiny, and what you see from the main road is all there is. But a few communities beg for more exploration. A highly recommended side trip is to Harkers Island. Be sure to drive out to the end of the island and visit the Core Sound Waterfowl Museum and the Cape Lookout National Seashore visitor center. Other villages worth a detour are Gloucester, Marshallberg, Davis, Sealevel, and Atlantic.
The original Cape Lookout Life Saving Station went into operation in the late 1800s. Today, the North Carolina Maritime Museum in Beaufort utilizes the facility as a marine educational center. North Carolina State Archives
A shad boat rests in Jarrett Bay at sunrise. The bay is on Core Sound in the Down East section of the state.
Up until the 1980s, fish houses thrived in the Down East region, with fishermen bringing in boatloads of shrimp, oysters, crabs, clams, and various species of fish. Sadly, most of the houses have closed their doors, unable to make a go of it in today's economic environment. Everywhere you go on this route, you'll find old abandoned fish houses, many of them falling into the water.
While this entire route is picturesque, a particularly scenic section is Cedar Island National Wildlife Refuge, where the road passes through a seemingly endless expanse of marsh. The best view is from the top of Monroe Gaskill Memorial Bridge in the middle of the marsh.
The road and our route end at the northern tip of Cedar Island. From here, you have only two choices. You can turn around and go back the way you came, or you can take a two-and-a-half-hour ferry ride across Pamlico Sound to Ocracoke Island at the end of Route 25. Reservations are recommended for the ferry, even in winter.
Bright and variably colored coquina clams live in the intertidal zone on North Carolina's beaches.


text:
Sound Grid Partners is here to support you with multi-faceted capabilities and experience developed over years of leading the expansion of DERs in the electric grid. We offer a suite of DER integration services and have earned a reputation for excellence in our support of client goals and objectives. Please click below to learn more.
Diverse tools to design and implement a DER program including regulatory, techno-economic analysis, engineering, and commercial support.
Suite of advanced analytics and modeling tools and services quantifying economic and technical feasibility and optimal design of DER projects.
DER engineering services including technical studies, drawings, specifications, and engineering process management.
Comprehensive DER supply chain and procurement expertise including DER cost analysis, competitive procurements, and contract negotiation support.
Support throughout the DER project delivery and operations life cycle including project management, contract compliance, and asset operations & maintenance.


text:
CONNECT, COLLECT, ANALYZE & OPTIMIZE plant conditions, process
Create "bite-sized" workstreams and deliverables that quickly deliver business value. Example: Connect machines and create visibility dashboards that can generate actionable insights at plant level. Work on loosely coupled tiny system components that are independently replaceable and tweakable with loosely coupled, API based interfaces that will reduce the risk of your budget evaporation and churn rates. Execute on Process Engineering & Optimization, integrations with SAP, MES systems with no additional costs.
Plant Floor Visibility
Establish baseline understanding across machines on the plant floor for insightful visibility. Connect, Collect, Monitor & Analyze data from machines & other IoT devices / sensors. Alert & send notification for threshold violations, improve operational efficiency and optimized energy consumption.
Roll-out Computerized Maintenance System
Implement Quality Management System
Optimum Planning & Scheduling
Advanced AI/ML Dashboards
Optimize processes, IT strategy, equipment and people based on plant floor learnings. Create Dashboard for all machine data feeds with modern data architecture & analytics, AI & ML-based. Tactful visual-insights for Operational Efficiency (Availability), Assets Intelligence, downtime analysis with a complete data transparency
KPI results
Advanced analytics for performance based operations
Datasets dashboards for performance monitoring and reporting
SAP & MES Integration
Iterative & agile incremental integrations to your ERP / MES. Refine processes to eliminate inefficiencies and feed plant floor data into SAP through API integrations between SmartHUB INFER and SAP. Make effective business schemes for your dynamic production planning, budget controlling & framework optimization with "smart" inventory & Cost insights. Use the MES Integrations to obtain the Predictive & Prescriptive maintenance operations for your plants by sd-edge Energy Consumption Analysis.
Inventory & Cost Insights
API integration
for data feeds
Predictive & Prescriptive Maintenance
Plant Automation
Deliver an intermediate data-exchange (data lake) that provides insights about production floor, facilities and most importantly, machines behavior, patterns and variables impacting OEE. Enable real-time
/scheduled periodic data collection from machines, equipment, production resource tools, utilities like power, compressed air, fuel, etc., for multiple purposes. e.g. tracking health parameters of machine
/components for preventive & predictive maintenance, actual production, consumption of utilities etc.
Bi-Directional End2End2 Automation
Process Engineering & Optimization
Automated Responses based on AI/ML based data analysis
Improve Operational Efficiency
Improve Productivity by capturing and minimizing hidden losses
Maximize Asset Utilization
Monitor Energy Usage
Digitally connected Machines at shop floor
Improvement in Data Transparency
Get Preventive and Proactive actionable inputs and execution
Get time specific alerts and periodic reports


text:
Made Of Advanced Silicone
Introducing the Piggy Snout dog muzzle. light and soft and elastic, non-toxic,no plastic smell, durable, and smooth to touch, protect dog's comfort and health,does not discomfort the dog's mouth and hurt to the skin
It can prevent your dogs from bitting, eating, barking, and from licking their wounds. Perfect for home, travel, hiking, walking, camping, pet training pet hospital, and at the vet.
Secure & Adjustable
Secure & Adjustable
The adjustable strap and nylon buckle, prevent the muzzle from falling off. Allows you to quickly adjust the size to fit your dog, and this design can be easily worn or taken off to save effort.
Small 9.7cm x 6cm
Large: 12cm x 7.4cm
Large: 12cm x 7.4cm
Store Guarantee:
We believe in phenomenal customer service above all. If you are not happy with what you received or have second thoughts, you will get a full refund with our 30-day-moneyback guarantee.
We work very hard to provide a secure shopping experience. Our payment security system meets the highest standards of PCI compliance. In other words, your payment information is encrypted during transmission. We DO NOT share your payment details with third parties.


text:
Support Modifying Volume Image Metadata¶
Include the URL of your launchpad blueprint:
This blueprint intends to support modifying volume image metadata, provide Cinder API to allow a user to modify an image property or add new properties.
Cinder should provide the similar mechanism for protected properties as what Glance did, and it is the agreed approach according to the discussion in the IRC and mailing list.
Problem description¶
When creating a bootable volume from an image, the image metadata (properties) is copied into a volume property named volume_image_metadata.
Cinder volume_image_metadata is the metadata on bootable volumes that Nova looks at and uses for scheduling as well as for passing along to the individual compute drivers.
Cinder volume_image_metadata is used by nova for things like scheduling and for setting device driver options. nova treat volume_image_metadata the same way as the properties on images. This information may need to change after the volume has been created from an image, besides, the additional properties may also needed to make it available in the scheduler (detailed in the below sections). So, There should be a way to support change/update image metadata.
Use Cases¶
Here are some types of metadata properties that if set will affect runtime characteristics of how Nova handles the booted volume. Many of them very well could be a user deciding to basically build a new image using a volume, but they want to twiddle with various handling properties as part of the building process. Or they simply may have a bootable volume that they want to modify some of these properties.
Hypervisor selection: OpenStack Compute supports many hypervisors, although most installations use only one hypervisor. For installations with multiple supported hypervisors, you can schedule different hypervisors using the ImagePropertiesFilter. This filters compute nodes that satisfy any architecture, hypervisor type, or virtual machine mode properties specified on the instance's image properties (also volume_image_properties).
Virtual CPU Topology: This provides the preferred socket/core/thread counts for the virtual CPU instance exposed to guests. This enables the ability to avoid hitting limitations on vCPU topologies that OS vendors place on their products. See also: http://git.openstack.org/cgit/openstack/nova-specs/tree/specs/juno/virt-driver-vcpu-topology.rst
Watchdog Behavior: For the libvirt driver, you can enable and set the behavior of a virtual hardware watchdog device for each flavor. Watchdog devices keep an eye on the guest server, and carry out the configured action, if the server hangs. The watchdog uses the i6300esb device (emulating a PCI Intel 6300ESB). If hw_watchdog_action is not specified, the watchdog is disabled. Watchdog behavior set using a specific image's properties will override behavior set using flavors.
Shutdown Behavior: Numerous things coming: https://review.openstack.org/#/c/89650/12 What landed in Juno: By default, guests will be given 60 seconds to perform a graceful shutdown. After that, the VM is powered off. The os_shutdown_timeout property allows overriding the amount of time (unit: seconds) to allow a guest OS to cleanly shut down before power off. A value of 0 (zero) means the guest will be powered off immediately with no opportunity for guest OS clean-up.
Minimum Flavor Requirements: Minimum required CPU, Minimum RAM. These are used by the Horizon UI to guide flavor selection. Somebody with a bootable volume may install some new software on it and play around with setting the minimum requirements before cloning to an image.
The new Horizon UI is going to be providing more information about images, flavors, volumes to admins and users in the UI leveraging the metadata and looking up rich information about the metadata from the definition catalog to display information to users and admins. This can include metadata about software on the volume.
Proposed change¶
This ONLY affects the individual volume, it's has nothing to do with volume types
We are proposing the changes in Cinder to add update capability and provide new Cinder API to allow a user to update an image properties.
Since Glance has RBAC (role based access control) on some specific properties, the RBAC config file is proposed to copied from Glance to Cinder, and sync the protected properties code from Glance into Cinder (Glance are happy to take code cleanups that make this easier; we can consider OSLO or whatever in future but that's a heavy weight process for another day, copy and paste will do for now).
As to the strategy on protected properties, one proposal is providing new API to query the properties protected or so per-property from Glance to Cinder, but his approach seems will increase the overload of Glance.
Data model impact¶
REST API impact¶
Since only image metadata is used by nova for VM scheduling or setting device driver options, we proposed to add new REST APIs into Cinder for the operations on image metadata of volume.
update image metadata referenced with volume
Common http response code(s)
Modify Success: 200 OK
Failure: 400 Bad Request with details.
Forbidden: 403 Forbidden
e.g. no permission to update the specific metadata
Not found: 501 Not Implemented
e.g. The server doesn't recognize the request method
Not found: 405 Not allowed
e.g. HEAD is not allowed on the resource
Update volume image metadata
Method type PUT
API version
PUT /v2/{project_id}/volumes/{volume_id}/image_metadata
JSON schema definition{ "image_metadata": { "key": "v2" } }
To unset a image metadata key value, specify only the key name. To set a image metadata key value, specify the key and value pair.
Security impact¶
Notifications impact¶
Other end user impact¶
We intend to expose this via Horizon and are working on related blueprints.
Glance also need share its properties protection code to Cinder and some code cleanups in Glance's IMPL.
Provide Cinder API to allow a user to update an image property. CLI-python API that triggers the update.
# Sets or deletes volume image metadata cinder image-metadata <volume-id> set <property-name = value>
Performance Impact¶
None anticipated.
Other deployer impact¶
Two config file will be added into Cinder, that is property-protections- policies.conf and property-protections-roles.conf These file will be put in "/etc/cinder" by default and is configurable via cinder.conf or point directly at the Glance files in devstack for example.
Deployer will be responsible for keeping the config files in sync with Glance's
The config files will only take effect when they are present on the system. So it is up to the deployer to ensure they are accurate. Otherwise, there will be no impact to Cinder of the OpenStack environment by default.
Developer impact¶
- Primary assignee:
Dave Chen (wei-d-chen)
- Other contributors:
Work Items¶
Changes to Cinder:
Define property protections config files in Cinder (Deployer need to keep the files in sync with Glance's)
Sync the properties protection code from Glance into Cinder (The common protection code will be shared in Cinder)
Extend existing volume_image_metadatas(VolumeImageMetadataController) controller extension to add update capability.
Reuse update_volume_metadata method in volume API for updating image metadata and differentiate user/image metadata by introducing a new constant "meta_type"
Add update_volume_image_metadata method to volume API.
Check against property protections config files (property-protections-policies.conf or property-protections-roles.conf) if the property has update protection.
Update DB API and driver to allow image metadata updates.
Changes to Cinder python client:
Provide Cinder API to allow a user to update an image property. CLI-python API that triggers the update.
# Sets or deletes volume image metadata cinder image-metadata <volume-id> set <property-name = value>
Same dependencies as Glance.
Unit tests will be added for all possible code with a goal of being able to isolate functionality as much as possible.
Tempest tests will be added wherever possible.
Documentation Impact¶
Since Glance has role based access control to properties. It could be the case that we want to update a property in Cinder that is protected in Glance. Eg: a license key is added in glance and it's copied to cinder when the volume is created. It should not be changed by an unauthorized user in Cinder because this can be violating the billing policies for that image. Therefore, Property Protections which is similar with Glance is proposed to be adopted into Cinder.
We propose to define two samples config file in favor of Property Protections, that is property-protections-roles.conf and property-protections-policies.conf.
property-protections-policies.conf This is a template file when using policy rule for property protections.
Example: Limit all property interactions to admin only using policy rule context_is_admin defined in policy.json.
create = context_is_admin
read = context_is_admin
update = context_is_admin
delete = context_is_admin
This is a template file when property protections is based on user's role. Example: Allow both admins and users with the billing role to read and modify properties prefixed with
create = admin,billing
read = admin, billing
update = admin,billing
delete = admin,billing
Please refer to here, http://docs.openstack.org/developer/glance/property-protections.html for the details explanation of the format.
In case there is property which is protected strictly in Glance, license key for example, deployer should aware the config files may turn out to be inconsistent between Cinder and Glance, it's up to deployer's responsibility to keep the config files in sync with Glance's
Other docs is also needed for new API extension and usage.
This blueprint is actually a partial task of Graffiti project, many parts of this concept have already been implemented for other pieces of OpenStack, but that Cinder is outstanding (already completed for images, flavors, host aggregates)
Youtube summit recap of Graffiti Juno POC demo.
Discussions in the mailing list.
The Horizon patch set which depends on this functionality


text:
Billdals Gård – A summer residence for socialites
In 2022, the interior renovation of the basement and entrance floor of Billdals Gård will begin. In the house, Higab has arranged a small exhibition in one of the rooms to show how we will implement the renovation and conduct building maintenance. The exhibition is not open for the moment, but here you find texts and pictures.
In 1862, James R Dickson, a wholesaler and municipal politician, purchased the farms of Billdal Västergård and Östergård. Some time during the same decade, an older farmhouse on the property was demolished and replaced with the building you are standing in today. The architect was Frans Jacob Heilborn and the building constructor was August Krüger.
When James R Dickson died, in 1873, August Krüger took over the property and sold the building to a merchant, Charles Felix Lindbergh. He lived in the house all year round and owned it until his death in 1909. The property was then taken over by industrialist Gustaf Werner, who acquired some adjoining land, modernised the house and added new outbuildings, including a laundry, workers' dwellings and greenhouse.
After his death Werner's relatives looked after the building until the entire property was bought by the municipality of Gothenburg in 1963. The existing tenant was granted tenancy until his death, which occurred in 2001. The furniture belonged to the family and was removed from the house, but the interior photos alongside show how it looked when it was furnished.
The main building remained empty until 2014, when Higab began the exterior renovation of Billdals Gård.
Businessmen, philanthropists and bachelors
The three owners who put their stamp on Billdals Gård had a lot in common. They were all influential businessmen in Gothenburg society and donated large sums to charitable causes. All three also remained unmarried.
James Robertson Dickson (1810–1873) was the son of Robert Dickson, one of the Dickson brothers who came to Gothenburg from Scotland in the early 1800s to run businesses. The family firm of James Dickson & Co was successful and the family became very wealthy and influential. James R made donations to the Dicksonska Folkbiblioteket (a public library), the Robert Dickson foundation and Gothenburg's museums. He also gained a less flattering reputation when the family firm was accused of illegally felling government-owned forest in northern Sweden, during the Baggböle trials "Baggböleri" has since become a familiar term for deforestation or illegal logging.
Charles Felix Lindbergh (1840–1909) was also a merchant and philanthropist. When he died he left a fortune of more than SEK 2 million, which he donated to the City of Gothenburg "for the ornamentation and beautification of the city". Grants from his foundation were used to create the park around Skansen Kronan and Gothenburg Botanical Garden, among other things. Monuments such as Poseidon in Götaplatsen, the statue of Karin Boye outside the City Library, and Järntorgsbrunnen (the Five Continents), were also erected through donations from the foundation.
Gustaf Werner (1859–1948) was a businessman in the textile industry who had a number of factories in locations such as Gårda and Mölndal, and like the other owners of Billdals Gård made large donations to good causes. In addition to Billdals Gård, his donations included significant contributions to Gothenburg Museum of Art and the construction of Gothenburg City Theatre. He also donated Wernerska Villan and an impressive art collection to the City of Gothenburg on his death.
Symmetry and convenience
When Dickson's summer residence was built in the 1860s, architecture was heavily influenced by the neo-Renaissance style, which placed strong emphasis on order and symmetry. One clear example is that several rooms have dummy doors – a genuine door at one end of the room is balanced by a matching door at the other end, which does not open. The intent was to create an impression of harmony and repetition. The exterior also reflects this classical style with its elegant, symmetrical design.
This symmetry is broken by the entrance and stairway, which are oriented diagonally within the house. This is a result of the new English guidelines for building design of that time, which favoured privacy and convenience, and ensured there would be no walk-through rooms in the house. A centrally located entrance hall gives access to the various parts of the house.
A well-preserved and well-worn interior
Billdals Gård has an exceptionally well-preserved interior and the original floor plan has not been altered. Decorative features and fittings such as doors, floors, cabinets, kitchen fittings and tiled stoves have all been preserved. Each room was given a character of its own through the use of different styles, types of wood, decorative painting, carpentry and ornate plasterwork.
Several of the walls are plastered and have been repainted over the years, but in many ways the colour scheme is traditional. There are probably traces of the original colour scheme underneath the present layers of paint. All the interior fittings and decoration at Billdals Gård are extravagant and reflect the highest quality of craftsmanship.
The interior of the old summer residence is now very worn. By renovating with materials and techniques that are typical of the 1860s, when the house was built, we can preserve as much of its character and heritage value as possible.
The approach to renovating Billdals Gård is to save and reuse as much as possible. Sometimes, however, it is necessary to reconstruct parts that cannot be repaired. This work is entrusted to paint conservators, plasterers, painters and carpenters who are skilled in traditional techniques.
Walls and ceilings
The walls and ceilings are smooth plastered using lime plaster. The plaster is supported on diagonal wooden laths and reed matting. You can see the different layers in areas of the ceiling that have been exposed during repairs.
In the 1860s, plaster cornices and roof rosettes were made from ground gypsum, glue and water, sometimes mixed with other materials such as marble dust. Decorative plasterwork became very popular during the 19th century, but has been around since ancient times and in Sweden since the 16th century. The white decorative plasterwork we are used to seeing in older houses today has often been over-painted; in the 19th century it was often colourfully painted.
Lime-plastered walls and decorative plasterwork were traditionally painted with linseed oil paints or distemper. Distemper was widely used at Billdals Gård.
How walls and ceilings are restored:
- Loose plaster is removed and replaced.
- The wooden laths and matting beneath the plaster are repaired and replaced where needed.
- Examination of the paint reveals the various layers from earlier repainting.
- The choice of colour for repainting is based on this examination, and it is important that the walls, ceiling and carpentry are repainted in colours that date from the same time, i.e. from the same layer.
- Ceiling rosettes and cornices are repaired or re-cast by skilled plasterers.
All the rooms have untreated pine floors that are neither painted nor varnished. Although some rooms are up to eight metres long, there are no joints in the floorboards. Over the years, several floors in the house were covered with linoleum flooring. This may look out of place to us now, and some of this flooring will probably be removed, depending on its condition and how it fits with the style of the house. But it is these floor coverings that have saved the fine original wooden floors.
The floors that remain will be preserved and treated with care. Sometimes all it takes is scrubbing with soap to make the floors look like new. In rooms where floors are missing or damaged, they must be repaired or replaced with planed pine boards. Eight-metre-long floorboards are not available off the shelf today; like most things in Billdals Gård they will have to be specially manufactured.
Everything is not what it seems to be …
In most of the rooms, interior fittings such as skirting boards, lining, wall panels and doors have been painted in wood grain patterns that imitate various types of wood and contribute to the individual character of the rooms. The painted wood graining in Billdals Gård is intended to mimic oak, speckled maple or flame birch, for example. Another technique used is marbling, in which a surface is painted to resemble marble.
When wood-grained surfaces are renovated it is sometimes possible to enlist conservators to restore flaking paint and retouch smaller areas of damage. When it comes to major restoration, where wood-grained paint is very damaged or has even been over-painted, decorative painters are enlisted to improve or recreate the original painted finish.
The marble-like walls of the entrance hall were in fact finished using a plaster and paint technique known as stucco lustro. This technique dates from Roman times and uses a mix of lime, soap and water that is polished to a fine finish. The surface can then be painted, for example using a marbling technique, as here at Billdals Gård where the walls of the entrance hall appear to be clad in marble.
Tiled stoves and cast iron stove
The tiled stoves and the huge wood-burning cast iron stove in the kitchen cannot be used at present. To create an authentic setting without creating a fire hazard the stoves must be renovated or, in the case of those that have been dismantled, they must be rebuilt. Even so, it would not be possible to light the stoves at the moment as the chimneys are likely to require major renovation first.
The large wood-burning cast-iron stove has been stripped of rust using a wire brush and treated with black iron paste to fill cracks and restore its black finish.
The archive photos are from the collections of the Gothenburg City Museum. Other photos: Higab/Hans Wretling.


text:
NARAL Pro-Choice Ohio announced today its endorsement of Michael J. Skindell in the Democratic primary to represent Ohio House District 13.
Executive Director of NARAL Pro-Choice Ohio Kellie Copeland said "Members of the current Ohio House have co-sponsored legislation that would subject women who access abortion care to the death penalty. Pro-choice Ohioans can count on our endorsed legislative candidates to stand up against these dangerous proposals. Our endorsed candidates are committed to policies that will improve access to quality affordable reproductive health care in our state."
If you've ever been around the Statehouse, you see that some legislators are smarter than others. @MikeSkindell is one of the brightest, and Lakewood voters should continue to support him. pic.twitter.com/jhgZwsLu9B
— Pro-Choice Ohio (@ProChoiceOH) April 7, 2018
Skindell has spoken up in defense of reproductive rights, and has denounced attempted bans as both dangerous and unconstitutional. His consistent pro-choice voting record has also earned the 2018 endorsement of Planned Parenthood Advocates of Ohio.
Skindell's campaign sincerely welcomes both organizations' support.


text:
Do you know about Punjabi Singer Rupinder Handa? Searching for the queries like How to contact her? What is the phone number or email id of Rupinder Handa? What is the office or residence address of Falak Shabir? Is Rupinder Handa available on Facebook, Twitter or Instagram? Check out this article for the available answers.
Rupinder Handa was born in Sirsa, Haryana, India. By profession, she is a Singer. She has done her graduation from National College Sirsa, Haryana, India, in Bachelors of Arts and post-graduation from Punjab University, in Masters of Arts and M. Phill from Punjab University, Patiala, Punjab, India. Her parents are mother Charanjeet Kaur and father Kartar Singh Handa, also she has a brother named Aman Handa.
Handa made her first performance on stage when she was in 3rd Standard. For her melodious voice, she has won many awards in her college days at University, Regional and National level events. She completed her training from Guru Professor Bakshi Ram. She has also won the reality show named Awaaz Punjab Di season 1. Rupinder always aspires Parkash Kaur.
Rupinder Handa Contact Details
As Rupinder Handa is a singing sensation in Punjab and has a whopping fan following, her privacy is really important as some people can misuse her personal information, so her personal details like her address, phone number etc can't be shared.
Rupinder Handa Office Address: N/A
Rupinder Handa Residence Address: N/A
Rupinder Handa Phone Number (Jagdish Bhatti): 98728 46462 (For Live Shows)
Rupinder Handa WhatsApp Number: N/A
Rupinder Handa Fax Number: N/A
Rupinder Handa Email ID: email@example.com (Enquiries and Bookings)
Rupinder Handa Official Website: N/A
Social Profiles
Rupinder Handa is very active on social media sites, as she likes to interact with her fans. Find the links to social profiles from here. Follow them to get the latest update about her.
Facebook Page: facebook.com/rupinderhanda
Twitter Handle: twitter.com/rupinderhandarh
Google Plus Profile: plus.google.com/u/0/110515203119244123608
LinkedIn Profile: N/A
YouTube Channel: youtube.com/user/rupinderhanda
Instagram Handle: instagram.com/rupinderhandaofficial
SnapChat ID: rupinderhandaRH


text:
Frankston Arts Centre
January 2009
It's 1959, and Rydell High School's senior class is in rare form. The too-cool-for-school "Burger Palace Boys" are stealing hub-caps and acting tough and their gum-snapping, chain-smoking "Pink Ladies" are looking hot in bobby sox and pedal pushers. The 1950s high school dream is about to explode in this rollicking musical that is both an homage to the idealism of the fifties and a satire of high schoolers' age-old desire to be rebellious, provocative and rebellious. At the heart of the story is the romance between hot-rodding gangster Danny Zuko and the sweet new girl in town, Sandy Dumbrowski. They had a secret romance in summer, but now back in the context of school, peer-pressure and cliques make their love a bit more complicated.
Danny Ginsberg
Musical Director
Malcolm Fawcett
Hannah Sabbatucci
Production Co-ordinator
Brett Wingfield
Stage Director
Sue Salvato
Stage Manager
Jodie Wood
Costume Design
Brett Wingfield
Set and Scenic Design
Alberto Salvato
Lighting Design
Michael Brasser
Sound Design
Colin Armstrong
Assistant to Lighting Designer
Jason Bovaird
Assistant Stage Director
Karen Garaway
Sound Operator
Colin Armstrong
Sound Assistant
Angela Ginsberg
Lighting Operator
Michael Brasser
Stage Electrics
Rick Merrin
Floor Electrics
Josh Lacey
Head Dome
Matthew Duncombe
Dome Operator
Chris Lemere
Lighting Crew
Dave Benen
Ash Welhan
Brendan Osbourn
Michael Bates
Peter Bates
Tony Hall
Shannon Mead
Lynette Sherman
Megan Sherman
Ros Willams
Drive In Video Sequence
Paul Congdon
Costume Co-ordinator
Brett Wingfield
Charmaine Arnephy
Maria Sabbatucci
Jo Shorton
Set Co-ordinhator
Alberto Salvato
Set Construction
Peter Bates
Eric Johnstone
Rick Merrin
Bruce Morton
Daniel Murtough
Alberto Salvato
Mike Smith
Geoff Stephens
Cameron Sweatman
Bob Watson
Peter Bates
Craig Dixon
Tony Hall
David Harrison
Caitlin Hill
Ben Klarenbeek
Nicole Lylak
Bianca Milewski
Eleni Millionis
Lucy Stayner
Kate Weymouth
Set Painter
Rhonda Horwood
Bruce Morton
Pat Morton
Daniel Murtough
Alberto Salvato
Sue Salvato
Mike Smith
Cameron Sweatman
Bob Watson
Sally Wemyff
Kate Weymouth
Karen Garaway
Rydell High School Frontage
Pat Morton
Drive In Cars
Cameron Sweatman
Make Up Co-ordinator
Jaye Lanigan
Make Up Assistant
Talisha McCann
Kylie McMillan
Program Design
Michael Fletcher
Flyer Design
Michael Fletcher
Michael Fletcher
Logo Design
Heath McKenzie
Proof Readers
Courtney Smyth
Shirley Bowen
Jan Morris
Chris Brown
Michael Fletcher
Angela Ginsberg
Kylie McMillan
Rehearsal Pianist
Anthony Bingham
Rowland Brache
Andrew Downing
Sue Fletcher
Auslan Signers
Kirri Dangerfield
Lynn Gordon
Bump In Assistant
Mark Raynes
Paul Beli
Company Tickets
Sue Dyer
Green Room Manager
Jan Lavender
Malcolm Fawcett
Reed 1
Russell Oxley
Reed 2
Hayley Kruger
Daniel Heskett
Guitar 1
Dave Banen
Guitar 2
Mark George
Adrian Close
Ben Hudson
Keyboard 1
Daniel Puckey
Keyboard 2
Malcolm Fawcett
Sandy Dumbrowski
Jodie Symes
Danny Zuko
Christian Cavallo
Betty Rizzo
Sarah Watson
Tara Kabalan
Anthony Scundi
Jodi Raynes
Sonny LaTierri
Matt Holly
Chris Brown
Jess Barlow
James Willams
Patty Simcox
Merryn DegDegnan
Eugene Florczyk
Marcus Flood
Cha Cha Diregorio
Mel Ott
Vince Fontane
Cameron Sweatman
Miss Lynch
Sarah Pascall
Johnny Casino
Paul Congdon
Teen Angel
Mike Fletcher
Kirby Boon
Tim Blencowe
Alice Breedon
Nick Chilton
James Davies
Lauren De Silva
Tessa Fox
Hayley Maginess
Bronwyn McMillan
Stavros Milionis
Jessica Redmayne
Ash Roussety
Michelle Smith
Luke Vare
Stephanie Wilson