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Per Governor Hogan's Office:
ANNAPOLIS, MD—At a State House press conference today, Governor Larry Hogan announced that he will not be a candidate for the United States Senate in 2022:
"Lastly today, I want to put to rest a question that some of you have been asking me. I want to let you know that I will not be a candidate for the United States Senate.
"I sincerely appreciate the people who have been encouraging me to consider it. A number of people said they thought I could make a difference in the Senate as a voice for common sense and moderation. I was humbled by that, and it certainly gave me and my family reason to consider it.
"But as I have repeatedly said, I don't aspire to be a senator, and that fact has not changed.
"Over the past week, as I was working on my State of the State address, it really drove it home for me even more clearly just how important it is that I finish the work that we've started together here.
"When I pledged to the people of Maryland that I was going to give this job as governor everything I've got every single day that I'm given, I meant it. And that commitment is far more important to me than any political campaign.
"This does not mean that I plan to sit on the sidelines when it comes to the serious challenges facing our country and our democracy. I'm going to continue to call it like I see it, and I'll keep speaking out about the divisiveness and dysfunction in Washington, and about fixing the broken politics.
"My current job as governor runs until January 2023, and then we'll take a look and see what the future holds after that.
"But for now, I'm going to keep working hard over this next year, and I plan to run through the tape at the finish—next January."


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(Single) First german pressing with 's8'-labels (no tri-centre, 'UNDER' to the left of the RCA logo). Later pressing on RCA Victor ('V1') labels.[discogs]
Pressed between Jan. 1962 - Sept. 1963.[werner]
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5 Important Benefits a Professional Web Designer Can Provide
Your online presence is exceedingly important. It is a tool that allows you to reach your customers anytime, anywhere. That kind of exposure cannot be underestimated, which is exactly why it is so important to prioritize your website and how it represents your business.


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Ongoing Training & Support for Better ENT Account Management
It sometimes seems as though all the changes facing the healthcare industry will never stop. It can be frustrating and difficult to keep up, even if you have a solid staff and a quality medical billing system. While many practices are moving to outsourcing medical billing services, there are still quite a few in-house systems that are very successful. If you and your team are doing well with Otolaryngology management billing and coding, but want to make sure you stay on track, MD Pro Solutions can help.
Unlike other consultants, our goal isn't to get you to switch to a different medical billing system or outsource all of your billing services to our company. While we do offer outsourcing solutions to practices that require it on a temporary basis or to alleviate some of the stress in the workplace, it is not our main focus. ENT account management is something that needs daily, weekly, and monthly attention all the way from the office manager down to the front desk staff. We provide ongoing training and support to help keep everyone on board with the latest changes for continued success.
Technology & ENT Account Management
One of the biggest changes to sweep the healthcare industry is the permeation of technology into our daily lives. From brand new medical billing system software to electronic medical record-keeping and patient scheduling, there are many advances being made. While not every new change is user-friendly or time-saving in the beginning, with education, training, and support it can ultimately be very helpful. MD Pro Solutions can help you identify the areas where you and your staff need training and support to help you improve your ENT account management in-house.
Technology can be a huge benefit, so it's best to embrace the changes as they are introduced rather than have them forced on you later. It can help practices to make advances and outpace the competition, providing them with more free-time to focus on patient satisfaction and services. However, it is important to note that technology requires you to invest both time and money if it is to be successful. If your team is having difficulty with changes made to Otolaryngology management billing and coding, don't give up. Our team can help you get the training you need to maximize the return on your investment.
Staff Issues & Concerns
Some of the biggest problems faced by ENT practices have nothing to do with a medical billing system or new coding requirements. Unfortunately, there is a lot of work involved in running a medical practice. There are daily tasks associated with monitoring and managing staff to ensure that everyone if operating effectively and efficiently. With so many changes occurring within the healthcare industry, staff turnover rates are at an all-time high. Instead of sticking around to learn the new regulations for medical coding and billing, many healthcare workers are simply walking away. As a result, many practices are turning to outsourcing medical billing services to keep up with the work.
Whether you decide to outsource on a temporary basis, as a solution to short-staffing or while your staff is undergoing training services, you will find it to be a pleasant experience. We do not require our clients to switch to a different medical billing system as part of our outsourced ENT account management services. We work with your current and existing billing program and fine-tune the process used to code and submit claims. In fact, after our team of expert billing and coding professionals cleans up your accounts and refines the process, it will be that much easier to train your staff to take over. Don't see outsourcing as a last resort, but as a meaningful solution that can help you get your Otolaryngology management billing and coding in order.
Contact MD Pro Solutions
If your practice is struggling with issues related to healthcare industry changes, contact our team for a professional consultation. We can help you identify the areas of your ENT account management and services that require attention and help you provide your staff with all of the education, training, and support they need to be more successful. In addition to training, support, consultation, and outsourcing of medical billing services, we also provide credentialing services, auditing and reviews, and comprehensive account management services. Give us a call at 508-946-1665 and speak with one of our agents to schedule a FREE evaluation of your current medical billing system and practices.


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The Zimmerers - Irrigation Innovators
During the 1950s and 1960s Paul Zimmerer, working in his auto and farm equipment repair shop in Lindsay, Nebraska, invented a series of irrigation products that changed the landscape of Nebraska agriculture. One was the tractor-towed "Towline" that allowed farmers to move a connected-pipeline irrigation system from field to field. It featured Zimmerer's patented flexible leak-proof coupler known as the "Quick-Tach."
In 1968 Zimmerer, with sons Art and Bernie, developed one of the first electric center-pivot irrigators, the "Zimmatic." Its unique "Uni-Knuckle" joint enabled the system to irrigate rough terrain. The original water-driven pivots were capable of irrigating only relatively flat fields. The Zimmatic also used an external collector ring to transfer electrical power throughout the system. These developments and the establishment of a manufacturing plant on Paul's farm just east of town made Lindsay an industry leader and major supplier of irrigation equipment throughout the U.S. and worldwide.
The Zimmerers' entrepreneurship and innovation advanced irrigation technology tremendously, greatly benefiting the town of Lindsay, the surrounding rural community, the state of Nebraska, and the world.


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Selling eyewear online is becoming the Norm, but when you take a look behind the storefront, you'll see that much work goes into managing quality products. Warehousing, quality control, and general supply chain management take up a lot of time and effort. But how can you adapt your business model to make it less labor intensive and still guarantee the quality of your products? Less returns, better reviews! This article is the start of selling more and worrying less.
The Eyewear market is projected to have 11% of its total revenue generated through online sales by 2021 worldwide. With a market volume of US $31 billion in 2018, the most revenue is generated in the United States followed by Europe (Source: Statista).
We have a few shining examples of outliers in the eyewear e-commerce world like Warby Parker and Diff Eyewear. However, you can't open a newspaper without reading about another Warby Parker store opening, so is it really all moving online? The consensus is that we're still a way away from ultimately going online, but you'd be silly to ignore online sales growth, and the impact e-commerce can have on your bottom line.
The big question is which business model should you follow, how do you increase lead-times, delivery, quality?
How do these companies manage to supply quality eyewear in a short amount of time and still turn a profit? They control their supply chain and with it their quality. Faster products at better quality = less returns and better reviews. The winning combination to selling more eyewear online.
Imagine how much you can save on cost and time if you could ship directly to your distributors, outlets, distribution or fulfillment centers from China (or anywhere else you're manufacturing eyewear) without the need to employ a small army of personnel to verify each pair of eyewear is good enough to put to market. Selling verified, QC inspected quality eyewear without the need of receiving or inspecting incoming shipments with complete ease of mind.
But how?
You take control of your supply chain and work with experts in the QC trade. Yes, we're biased. PEL is a testing and inspection service provider, but we can make these claims and suggestions because we know they work, and work well.
Over the years, we've seen numerous companies fail that wouldn't take "free" advice, and we've seen many companies succeed because they stuck to the basics. A robust supply chain and quality control procedure. We'll dive into that in the AQL section below.
Online retail relies heavily on online reviews. If you ship bad quality eyewear the world WILL hear about it. Think about the last time you felt inclined to buy something with a three-star rating, or even a four-star rating. Control your supply chain, and you control both quality and cost.
Here's a video from PEL titled "Balancing Quality and Cost in Eyewear Manufacturing" that succinctly explains the cost-cutting element in your eyewear supply chain.
Where do you start?
Start with your bottom line, start by cutting costs.
In a previous article " The Building Blocks Of an Eyewear Supply Chain Designed for China" we look at cost-cutting and supply chain management in great detail. We won't dive as deep here, but the principle is the same for bricks and mortar or e-commerce. The only difference is you don't have to carry large amounts of stock for e-commerce. Instead, you can adopt a product line rationalization and pull supply chain "business model".
Product line rationalization - allows you to focus on the best-selling eyewear with the help of your vendors. Using PLR will enable you to reduce SKU's and focus on faster selling, more popular models.
Pull supply chain - the eyewear trade moves at a fast pace and forecasting what trends and designs will hit the mark with consumers isn't always easy to get right. There are two approaches to supply chain management: one is "push", and one is "pull".
Push supply chain management is when you stock up for the season and carry lots of stock in your warehouse that you then need to sell. But now you have a lot of inventory and pressure to make sales for those styles, not ideal for an e-commerce business.
Pull supply chain management is where you manufacture to meet supply and demand. Instead of forecasting and producing eyewear in large numbers you manufacture the SKU's that are in high-demand when they're in demand - keeping your inventory low and in doing so, cutting wastage costs of unsold frames.
The 3 Top Tools To Cut Costs in Your Eyewear Supply Chain
It's essential that you pick the best manufacturer to work with you, or switch to a manufacturer more suitable to your business model:
- Factory Audits - covers all the technical aspects of the factory, QMS, social compliance, sub-suppliers, etc. if they fall short on any of these aspects move on to the next factory.
- Testing - the only real way to know how safe your eyewear is. You can refer to one of our previous blogs for a complete guide on Restricted & Toxic Substance List in Eyewear - Hidden Dangers (RSL)
- Inspection - whether you do this yourself or employ a third-party to do your inspection you will be better off notifying the factory from the start. A factory that is aware you will be testing all aspects of the eyewear is usually more cautious in production of that order.
So, for an e-commerce platform, how much eyewear do you have to test per order?
It all depends on your Accepted Quality Limits (AQL), SKU's and Style Eyewear. Arguably, the most important of the three being your AQL, so let's have a look at why it's so crucial to come to grips with it.
Accepted Quality Limits
What is AQL?
The acceptable quality limit (AQL) is the worst tolerable process average in percentage or ratio that is still considered acceptable; that is, it is at an acceptable quality level. Closely related terms are the rejectable quality limit and rejectable quality level (RQL). An acceptable quality level is a test and inspection standard that prescribes the range of the number of defective components that is considered acceptable when random sampling of those components during an inspection. (Source Wikipedia)
Why is AQL so Important?
Managing quality can be one of the most challenging aspects of manufacturing eyewear abroad. As an importer, you're likely trying to maintain control over how the factory manufactures your product while also asking your supplier to keep you informed about what's happening on the ground. It's a lot of communication in many languages that can, and often do, go awry.
When you encounter problems, it can sometimes feel like you're at the mercy of the situation, especially when you're watching it unfold from the other side of the world. As a result, importers tend to approach quality improvement and preventative measures in two ways:
- By clarifying their expectations with the supplier to prevent unacceptable quality defects and nonconformities, often by collaborating to develop a detailed QC checklist.
- By conducting product inspection of their order of goods at the factory to find any problems and address them before shipping
AQL sampling makes stating requirements upfront and verifying them later with inspection much easier for the majority of eyewear importers.
Why not just inspect 100% of my order?
Many importers believe that the more units of their product they inspect, the more confident they can be about the quality of an order. As previously stated PEL has clients who go this route; however, it's a very unique set of circumstances that allows this particular client to go this route. To say, it's possible but not always necessary if you have an excellent AQL guidebook set up.
You'll have a more complete overview of quality by checking a higher number of units. Moreover, no sampling plan offers you more transparency than a 100-percent inspection of your order. However, some importers fail to recognize two critical considerations:
- You can still get a reasonable idea of product quality by inspecting a much smaller quantity than 100 percent,
- Checking 100 percent of an order tends to be much more costly and time-consuming than checking a smaller sample
Let's say you're importing 3,500 pieces of polarized sunglasses from a factory in Wenzhou, China. You require QC staff to conduct a number of standardized on-site tests for your eyewear. Aside from necessary function tests, such as checking hinges, transmittance, filter material and surface quality, logos etc. there's also a barrage of nearly 16 other tests required for sunglasses.
If an inspector needs 5 minutes to perform all of these tests, it would take them more than 291 hours to inspect all 3,500 sunglasses. Assuming 8 hours in a workday, you'd need one inspector working for 37 days. Nobody can afford the time or money it would take to inspect an order like that.
In contrast, if you chose to inspect using AQL sampling in this example, the highest possible sample size for your lot of 3,500 tablets would be 275 units. If all factors remain unchanged except the number of units checked, this inspection could be completed by a single inspector in about 2-3 days using AQL sampling.
Also, because AQL relies on statistics, you'd still be able to make an informed decision regarding whether or not to ship the order based on the results of this inspection. We can see that inspecting a sample of goods using AQL typically requires less time than inspecting 100 percent of an order.
So what's the difference in cost?
If you work on an average of USD 280, a 100-percent inspection would cost you USD 10, 360 as opposed to USD 560, a massive difference.
There are cases where you may benefit from 100-percent inspection over inspecting a sample with AQL. If your shipment is a relatively small quantity or a trial order, the cost and time needed to inspect every piece of eyewear may not be unreasonable.
A higher retail price for high-end eyewear may justify 100-percent inspection. Your QC service provider will have suggestions on AQL, but ultimately, the decision of how many pieces you want to rest per order lies with you.
You can read more about AQL, and how to go about determining the sample sizes you need as a bare minimum on American Society for Quality's ASQ/ANSI QUALITY CONTROL STANDARDS Z1.4 & Z1.9 page.
However, the easiest (and fastest) way to figure out the best AQL for your eyewear and how it applies to an e-commerce business model is to speak to an expert. A quick conversation with an industry expert is your shortest route to figuring out your AQL and fast-tracking cost-cutting.
Speak to an expert at PEL today
We'd love to hear your thoughts in the comments section below. If you have any questions leave a comment and one of our experts will get back to you soonest.


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With COVID-19 cases rising sharply in the Galax, Va., area, Larry Blevins is working hard to make sure Guynn Furniture & Mattress Company's three stores are operating safely. Right now, he said that's more important than "staying behind the desk doing paperwork."
Blevins is chief financial officer for Guynn Enterprises, which includes four small businesses, but the challenges of running retail stores during a pandemic must be met. So, he and General Manager Steve Williams make sure that the stores and delivery crews in the southwestern Virginia mountain towns of Galax, Independence and Hillsville have enough cleaning supplies and personal protection gear, that they're following safety protocols and that they are making sure customers and employees wear face coverings.
Blevins secured Paycheck Protection Program loans for all four Guynn Enterprises businesses, which used the money to keep all employees on the payroll. But now, the prospect of filing the loan forgiveness application forms leaves him wondering how he'll find the time.
The Home Furnishings Association thinks he shouldn't have to. Loan forgiveness under the PPP should be automatic for small borrowers. So the HFA has joined other business groups in supporting a new initiative to greatly streamline the process.
Bill is intended to help small borrowers
The Paycheck Protection Small Business Forgiveness Act, recently introduced in the U.S. Senate by two Republicans and two Democrats, could save time and money for many furniture retailers who tapped the lending program but now have to contend with a complex application for loan forgiveness.
The bill's basic intent is to see that all small borrowers receive full forgiveness.
Businesses that borrowed $150,000 or less could submit to their lender a one-page form attesting that they had met the terms for earning loan forgiveness. Those include spending at least 60 percent of the funds for payroll costs and no more than 40 percent for rent, mortgage interest or utilities. The PPP requires borrowers to document all their spending of loan funds. The lender must examine the paperwork and determine how much of the loan qualifies for forgiveness.
Senators Kevin Cramer (R-N.D.), Bob Menendez (D-N.J.), Thom Tillis (R-N.C.) and Kyrsten Sinema (D-Ariz.) think that process is too burdensome on both borrowers and lenders.
Their argument is compelling. Approximately 3.7 million PPP loans of $150,000 or less accounted for 85 percent of the total number of loans – but just 26 percent of total PPP funds, according to the senators. They estimate that the cost of the current loan forgiveness process is $2,000 for a small business and $500 for a lender.
"The Paycheck Protection Small Business Forgiveness Act would give small businesses peace of mind by eliminating unnecessary bureaucratic requirements and simplifying the process for forgiving smaller loans," Sen. Cramer said in a news release. "I urge my colleagues to support it and to consider including it in any future relief package."
More recent co-sponsors include Sen. Tom Cotton (R-Ark.), Sen. Shelley Moore Capito (R-W.Va.) and Sen. Martha McSally (R-Ariz.).
'It makes perfect sense'
"It makes perfect sense," said Blevins, who is so enthusiastic about it that he volunteered to contact his representative and senators in Washington to urge their support. He also called a banker friend to do the same.
Banks would welcome the relief, too. The American Bankers Association, National Bankers Association and many state banking groups support the new bill.
Another relief package is likely to pass by early August. The HFA urges Congress to include liability protection from COVID-related claims against businesses and an extension of the PPP or the creation of a new, longer-term lending vehicle such as the RESTART Act. Streamlining the PPP loan forgiveness process would help furniture retailers focus on other priorities – among them, running their businesses while keeping employees and customers safe.
It's not a matter of cheating or cutting corners. Guynn Furniture & Mattress used its loan for the intended purpose, Blevins said. It's just that taking hours to complete the application and submit all the documentation leaves less time for more essential work.
Ask senators to support this measure
Other business groups supporting this bill include the National Retail Federation, U.S. Chamber of Commerce and National Restaurant Association.
The coalition wrote to Senators Marco Rubio (R-Fla.) and Ben Cardin (D-Md.), chairman and ranking member, respectively, of the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, and Representatives Nydia Velazquez (D-N.Y.) and Steve Chabot (R-Ohio), chairwoman and ranking member, respectively, of the House Small Business Committee, urging their support for the bill, S. 4117.
HFA members should ask their senators to include this measure in the August relief bill. Members can find their senators' contact information here.


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Kim Jones: GQ Designer Of The Year
Last night the annual GQ Men Of The Year Awards in association with Hugo Boss returned for its 22nd year, and saw the likes of Richard Madden, Nicole Kidman and Stormzy walking away with accolades. Just shy of 18 months since the British fashion designer was appointed artistic director of Dior Homme, last night SHOWstudio contributor Kim Jones was awarded Designer Of The Year.
Congratulations Kim!
Interview: Kim Jones
30 May 2019
Artistic director Kim Jones interviewed by Georgina Evans on 28 May 2019 as a part of SHOWstudio's 'In Fashion' series.
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HBO continues to prepare its loyal audience for the imminent winter TV schedule. After the cable giant debuted the trailer for the Duplass brothers new dramedy Togetherness this morning, they are now getting fans of Hannah Horvath's unorthodox exploits in the mood with a trailer for Girls season four.
In light of creator-star Lena Dunham's most recent scandal, involving a misconstrued excerpt from her memoir, the return of her defining character could be just what she needs to steer the focus back to her creative self. The show inevitably played a massive part in raising her social profile, and it's looking like there'll be plenty more spin-off debates surrounding the content of the show's impending fourth season.
The brief, 90-second trailer catches us up on Hannah's big move from New York City to Iowa, where she's beginning a new educational program. Leaving the lure of New York's debauchery behind looks like a task for the budding scribe, who's not in the country for a minute before she's dancing in a vat of blue gunk at a party. The location might have changed, but the game has remained the same.
Girls season four premieres on HBO, Sunday January 11th at 9pm, followed by Togetherness at 9.30pm. Will you be tuning in?
Created by and starring Lena Dunham ("Tiny Furniture"), the show is a comic look at the assorted humiliations and rare triumphs of a group of girls in their mid-20s. Dunham wrote and directed the pilot of the series, which she executive produces with Judd Apatow and Jenni Konner. The cast also includes Jemima Kirke, Allison Williams, Zosia Mamet, Adam Driver, Alex Karpovsky, Andrew Rannells and Ebon Moss-Bachrach. Shot in New York, the 10-episode fourth season premieres in 2015.


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Egg white-based mousse
The main characteristic of this type of mousse is that it does not contain cream as an aerating agent, rather whisked egg whites. Its texture is very airy and its flavour is the strongest of chocolate. To stabilise it, a percentage of gelatine needs to be combined with the couverture.
Basic recipe
1. Boil the milk and whipping cream together. Infuse with the vanilla pod.
For this mousse type, you can optionally add approx. 0.1/0.2% of gelatine sheets (2 to 4 g of gelatine sheets for this recipe) to stabilise the mousse and prevent syneresis or water loss during refrigeration.
The final temperature of this mousse isn't as important as those that include whipped cream. It can be worked at a higher temperature, although after tests we found that it is best to keep the temperature within 24 to 28°C to ensure the couverture starts to crystallise to obtain a better final texture. (Remember always: white and milk couvertures, lower temperature; dark couvertures, higher temperature).
This mousse can be used in all types of dessert, entremets or served in glasses, however ideally it should be used in those where the mousse doesn't need to be handled much. The final texture is not liquid, due to the whisked egg whites, so a piping bag with a wide tip can be used for assembly. It has good stability when refrigerated.


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The Royal Society, having received accounts from very many parts of Great Britain, of the unusual lights which have of late appeared in the heavens; were pleased to signify their desires to me, that I should draw up a general relation of the fact, and explain more at large some conceptions of mine I had proposed to them about it, as seeming to some of them to render a tollerable solution of the very strange and surprizing phænomena thereof. The desires of the Society having with me the force of commands, I shall not decline the task; only premising that if, in delivering the etiology of a matter so uncommon, never before seen by myself, nor fully described by any either of the ancients or moderns, I fail to answer their expectation or my own desires; yet 'tis hoped a good history of the fact deduced partly from our own observations, and partly collected from the uniform relations of credible persons, or from the letters of such, may not be unacceptable to the curious; and may perhaps excite the genius of some more able meteorologist to a more satisfactory enquiry. The account of this appearance take as follows.
On Tuesday the sixth of March, st. vet. in the current year 1716, (the afternoon having been very serene and calm, and somewhat warmer than ordinary) about the time it began to grow dark, that is much about 7 of the clock, not only in London, but in all parts of England, where the beginning of this wonderful sight was seen; out of what seemed a dusky cloud, in the N.E. parts of the heaven and scarce ten degrees high, the edges whereof were tinged with a reddish yellow like as if the moon had been hid behind it, there arose very long, luminous rays or streaks perpendicular to the horizon, some of which seem'd nearly to ascend to the zenith. Presently after, that reddish cloud was swiftly propagated along the northern horizon, into the N.W. and still farther Westerly; and immediately sent forth its rays after the same manner from all parts, now here, now there, they observing no rule or order in their rising. Many of these rays seeming to concur near the zenith, formed there a corona, or image which drew the attention of all spectators, who according to their several conceptions made very differing resemblances thereof; but by which compared together, those that saw it not, may well comprehend after what manner it appeared. Some likened it to that representation of Glory wherewith our painters in churches surround the Holy Name of God. Others to those radiating starrs wherewith the breasts of the knights of the most noble order of the garter are adorned. Many compared it to the concave of the great cupola of St. Paul's Church, distinguisht with streaks alternably light and obscure and having in the middle a space less bright than the rest, resembling the lantern. Whilst others, to express as well the motion as figure thereof, would have it to be like the flame in an oven, reverberated and rouling against the arched roof thereof; and some there were that thought it liker to that tremulous light which is cast against a ceiling by the beams of the sun, reflected from the surface of water in a bason that's a little shaken; whose reciprocal vibrating motion it very much imitated. But all agree that this spectrum lasted only a few minutes, and show'd itself variously tinged with colours, yellow, red and a dusky green; nor did it keep in the same place; fro when first it began to appear, it was seen a little to the Northwards of the Zenith, but by degrees declining towards the South, the long stria of light, which arose from all parts of the Northern semicircle of the horizon, seemed to meet together, not much above the head of Castor or the Northern Twin, and soon disappeared.
After the first impetus of this ascending vapour was over, the corona we have been describing appeared no more; but still, without any order as to time, or place, or size, luminous radii like the former continued to arise perpendicularly, now often and again seldomer, now here, now there, now longer, now shorter. Nor did they proceed at first out of a cloud, but oftner would emerge at once out of the pure sky, which was at that time more than ordinary serene and still. Nor were they all of the same form. Most of them seemed to end in a point upwards, like erect cones; other truncate cones or cylinders, so much resembled the long tails of comets, that at first sight they might well betaken for such. Again, some of these rays would continue visible for several minutes; when others, and those the much greater part, just shew'd themselves and died away. Some seem'd to have little motion, and to stand as it were fix'd among the stars, whilst other with a very perceptible translation moved from East to West under the pole, contrary to the motion of the heavens; by which means they would sometimes seem to run together, and at other times to fly one another; affording thereby a surprizing spectacle to the beholders.
After this sight had continued about an hour and a half, those beams began to rise much fewer in number and not near so high, and by degrees that diffused the light, which had illustrated the Northern parts of the hemisphere, seemed to subside, and settling on the horizon formed the resemblance of a very bright crepusculum; that this was the state of this phænomenon, in the first hours, is abundantly confirmed by the unanimous consent and concurring testimony of several very worthy persons no ways enclined to deceive. For by the letters we have received from almost all the extream parts of the kingdom, there is found very little difference in the description from what appeared at London and Oxford; unless that in the North of England, and in Scotland, the light seemed somewhat stronger and brighter.
Hitherto I am forced to relate the observations of others, wherein I fear many very material circumstances may be omitted; and assuredly I am not a little concern'd that I had no notice of this matter, till between nine and ten of the clock, being at that time at a friend's house, and no ways suspecting what past without doors. But upon the first impression of the thing, we immediately ran to the windows, which hapned to regard the South and South-West quarter; and soon perceived, that through the sky was very clear, yet it was tinged with a strange sort of light; so that the smaller stars were scarce to be seen, and much as it is when the moon of four days old appears after twilight. And whilst we regarded the heavens with attention, we perceived a very thin vapour to pass before us, which arose from the precise East part of the horizon, ascending obliquely, so as to leave the zenith about 15 or 20 degrees to the Northward. But the swiftness wherewith it proceeded was scarce to be believed, seeming not inferiour to that of lightening; and exhibiting, as it past on, a sort of momentaneous Nubecula, which discovered itself by a very diluted and faint whiteness; and was no sooner formed, but before the eye could well take it, it was gone, and left no signs behind it. Nor was this a single appearance; but for several minutes that we regarded it, about six or seven times in a minute, the same was again and again repeated; these waves of vapour (if I may be allowed to use the word) regularly succeeding one another, and, as we guest, at intervals very nearly equal; all of them in their ascent producing a like transient Nubecula.
By this particular we were first assured, that the vapour we saw, whatever it were, became conspicuous by its own proper light, without help of the sun beams; for these Nubecula did not discover themselves in any other part of their passage, but only between the South-East, and South, where being opposite to the sun they were deepest immerst in the cone of the earths shadow; nor were they visible before or after. Whereas the contrary must have happened, had they borrowed their light from the sun.
We then made all the hast we could to a place where there is a free prospect of the Northern horizon. Being come there, not much past ten of the clock, we found, on the Western size, viz. between the W. and N.W. the representation of a very bright twilight, contiguous to the horizon; out of which there arose very long beams of light, not exactly erect toward the vertex, but something declining to the South, which ascending by a quick and undulating motion to a considerable height, vanished in a little time, whilst others, tho' at uncertain intervals, supply'd their place. But at the same time, through all the rest of the Northern horizon, viz. from the North-West to the true East, there did not appear any sign of light to arise from, or joyn to, the horizon; but on the contrary, what appeared to be an exceeding black and dismal cloud seem'd to hang over all that part of it. Yet was it no cloud, but only the serene sky more than ordinary pure and limpid, so that the bright stars shone clearly in it, and particularly Cauda Cygni then very low in the North; the great blackness manifestly proceeding from the neighbourhood of the light which was collected above it. For the light had now put on a form quite different from all that we have hiterto described, and had fashioned itself into the shape of two Lamina or streaks, lying in a position parallel to the horizon, whose edges were but ill terminated. They extended themselves from the N. by E. to the North East, and were each about a degree broad; the undermost about eight or nine degrees high, and the other about four or five degrees over it; these kept their places for a long time, and made the sky so light, that I believe a man might easily have read an ordinary print by the help thereof.
Whilst we stood astonished at this suprizing sight, and expecting what was further to come, the Northern end of the upper Lamina by degrees bent downwards, and at length closed with the end of the other that was under it, so as to shut up on the Northside an intermediate space, which still continued open to the East. Not long after this, in the said included space, we saw a great number of small columns or whitish streaks to appear suddenly, erect to the horizon, and reaching from the one Lamina to the other; which instantly disappearing were too quick for the eye, so that we could not judge whether they arose from the under or fell from the upper, but by their sudden alterations they made such an appearance, as might well be taken to resemble the conflicts of men in battle.
And much about the same time, to encrease our wonder, there began on a sudden to appear low under the pole and very near due North, three or four lucid areas like clouds, discovering themselves, in the pure but very black sky, by their yellowish light. These, as they broke out at once, so after they had continued a few minutes, disappeared as quick as if a curtain had been drawn over them; nor were they of any determined figure, but both in shape and size might properly be compared to small clouds illuminated by the full moon, but brighter.
Not long after this, from above the aforesaid two Lamina, there arose a very great pyramidal figure, like a spear, sharp at the top, whose sides were inclined to each other with an angle of about four or five degrees, and which seemed to reach up to the zenith or beyond it. This was carried with an equable and not very slow motion, from the N.E. where it arose, into the N.W. where it disappeared, still keeping in a perpendicular situation, or very near it; and passing successively over all the stars of the Little Bear, did not efface the smaller ones in the tail, which are but the fifth magnitude; such was the extream rarity and perspicuity of the matter where of it consisted.
This single beam was so far remarkable above all those that for a great while before had preceeded it, or that followed it, that if the situation thereof among the circumpolar stars had at the same instant been accurately noted, for example, at London and Oxford, whose difference of longitude is well known, we might be enabled thereby with some certainty to pronounce, by its diversitas aspectus1, concerning the distance and height thereof; which were undoubtedly very great, tho' as yet we can no ways determine them. But as this phænomenon found all those that are skill'd in the observation of the heavens unprepared, and unacquainted with what was to be expected, so it left all of them surprized and astonished at the novelty thereof. When therefore for the future any such thing shall happen, all those that are curious in astronomical matters, are hereby admonished and entreated to set their clocks to the apparent time at London, for example, by allowing so many minutes as is the difference of meridians; and then to note at the end of every half hour precisely, the exact situation of what at that time appears remarkable in the sky; and particularly the Azimuths of those very small pyramids so eminent above the rest, and therefore likely to be seen furthest; to the intent that by comparing those observations taken in the same moment in distant places, the difference of their Aziumuths may serve to determine how far those pyramids are from us.
It being now past eleven of the clock, and nothing new offering itself to our view, but repeated phases of the same spectacle; we thought it no longer worth while to bear the chill of the night-air sub dio2. Wherefore being returned to my house, I made haste to my upper windows, which conveniently enough regard the N.E. parts of heaven, and soon found that the two lamina or streaks parallel to the horizon, of which we have been speaking, had now wholly disappeared; and the whole spectacle reduced itself to the resemblance of a very bright crepusculum setling on the Northern horizon, so as to be brightest and highest under the pole itself; from whence it spread both ways, into the N.E. and N.W. Under this, in the middle thereof, there appeared a very black space, as it were the segment of a lesser circle of the sphere cut off by the horizon. It seemed to the eye like a dark cloud, but was not so; for by the telescope the small stars appeared through it more clearly than usual, considering how low thy were; and upon this as a basis our lumen auroriforme rested, which was no other than a segment of a ring or zone of the sphere, intercepted between two parallel lesser circles, cut off likewise by the horizon; or, if you please, the segment of a very broad iris, but of one uniform colour; viz. a flame colour inclining to yellow, the center thereof being about forty degrees below the horizon. And above this there were seen some rudiments of a much larger segment, with an interval of dark sky between, but this was so exceeding faint and uncertain that I could make no proper estimate thereof.
I was very desirous to have seen how this phænomenon would end, and attended it till near three in the morning, and the rising of the moon; but for above two hours together it had no manner of change in its appearance, nor diminution nor encrease of light; only sometimes for very short intervals, as if new fuel had been cast on a fire, the light seem'd to undulate and sparkle, not unlike the rising of vaporous smoak out of a great blaze when agitated. But one thing I assured myself of by this attendance and watching, viz. that this iris-like figure did by no means owe its origine to the sun's beams; for that about three in the morning, the sun being in the middle between the North and East, our aurora had not follow'd him, but ended in that very point where he then was; whereas in the true North, which the sun had long past, the light remained unchanged and in its full lustre.
Hitherto I have endeavoured by words to represent what I saw, but being sensible how insufficient such a verbal description of a thing so extraordinary and unknown may be to most readers, I have thought fit to annex a figure exhibiting that particular appearance of the two lamina, which I saw at London between the hours of ten and eleven; more especially, because I do not find, among the many relations I have seen, any one that has taken notice of it. In this figure AB is the under lamina, somewhat broader and brighter than the upper CD; it had near its under edge the lucida lyra, and below its Northern extremity, on the left-hand, cauda cygni; and as well above and below these, as in the intermediate space between them, and indeed all round about that part of the heavens, the sky was so unusually dark and black, as if all that exotick light that had shew'd itself before, had been then collected into those two streaks. only at L between the West and Northwest and no where else, out of a brightness adjoining to the horizion, there arose conical beams as M, L, N, after the same manner as at first.
Whilst we stood looking on, the streak CD at its Northern end bent downward, and joyned with the under AB at E, and included the space DCEAB, which still kept open at the other end towards the East and in the mean time, out of the very clear sky, some luminous spots, situated and figured as in the scheme at G, G, G, G, presented themselves to the eye, in colour much like the lamina. These did not shew themselves all together, but came successively, yet so as two or three of them were seen at a time; and as their coming was instantaneous, so they went away in a moment. At the same time likewise, the several little white columns marked F, F, F, F, occupied that part of the space between the two streaks next to E, and by their sudden and very irregular motion, and the vanishing of some whilst others at the same time emerged, gave occasion to the conception of those that fancy'd battles fought in the air. Lastly from about the middle of CD, there arose suddenly a cone or obelisk of a pale whitish light, greater than any we had yet seen, as H; which moving from East to West, with a motion sufficiently regular, was translated to K, in the North West, and there disappeared.
That we might by the same scheme shew the appearance of the last hours, after midnight; the reader is desired to take notice that we have made the light at L, much bigger than what appeared in the West about ten of the clock; so as to represent truly that other. In this case the point L must, by the imagination, be supposed transferred to the intersection of the horizon and meridian under the pole. And that we might the better be understood in what follows, we have made this short recapitulation as annex'd to, and explicative of, the scheme, which could by no means be contrived to answer the wonderful variety this phænomena afforded; since even the eye of no one single observer, was sufficient to follow it in the suddenness and frequency of its alterations.
Thus far I have attempted to describe what was seen, and am heartily sorry I can say no more as to the first and most suprizing part thereof, which however frightful and amazing it might seem to the vulgar beholder, would have been to me a most agreeable and wish'd for spectacle; for then I should have contemplated propriis oculis all the several sorts of meteors I remember to have hitherto heard or read of. This was the only one I had not as yet seen, and of which I began to despair, since it is certain it hath not happen'd to any remarkable degree in this part of England since I was born; nor is the like recorded in the English annals since the year of our Lord 1574, that is above one hundred and forty years ago, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Then, as we are told by the historians of those times, Cambden and Stow, eye witnesses of sufficient credit, for two nights successively, viz. on the 14th and 15th of November that year, much the same wonderful phænomena were seen, with almost all the same circumstances as now.
Nor indeed, during the reign of that glorious Princess, was this so rare a sight as it has been since. For we find in a book entituled a Description of Meteors, reprinted at London in the year 1654, whose author writes himself W.F.D.D. that the same thing, which he there calls burning spears, was seen at London on January 30, 1560; and again by the testimony of Stow, on the 7th of October, 1554. And from foreign authors we learn, that in the year 1575, the same was twice repeated in Brabant, viz. on the 13th of February and 28th of September; and seen and described by Cornelius Gemma, Professor of Medicine in the University of Lovain, and son of Gemma Frisius the mathematician. He, in a discourse he wrote of the prodigies of those times, after several ill-boding prognosticks, thus very properly describes the cupola and corona that he saw in the Chasma (as he calls it) of February. Paulo post undecunque surgentibus hastis & flammis nouis flagrare coelum a borea parte vsque adverticem videbatur; ac denique ne nibil qua contigerunt hactenus prafiguratum antea videretur, conversa est coeli facies, per bora spatium, in fritillia aleatorii speciem peregrinam; alternantibus sese caruleo & candido, non minore vertigine motusque celeritate, quam solares radii solent, quoties ab objecto speculo regeruntur. Here it is not a little remarkable, that all these four already mentioned fell exactly upon the same age of the moon, viz. about two days after the change.
As to the other of September in the same year 1575, these are the words of gemma. Minus quidem horrendum, sed varia tamen magisque confula nobis apparuit alterius chasmatis forma, quarto calendas Octobreis subsecuti, statim ab occasu solis. Nam in illo visi sunt arcus illustres plurimi, ex quibus hasta sensim eminentes, urbesque turrita & acies militares. Erant hinc radiorum excursus quaquaversum, & nubium fluctus & pralia; insectabantur invicem & fugiebant, facta in orbem conversione mirabilt. From hence 'tis manifest that this phaenomenon appeared in our neighbourhood three several times, and that with considerable intervals, within the compass of one year; though our English historians have not recorded the two latter; nor did Gemma see that of November 1574, as 'tis most likely by reason of clouds. After this, in the year 1580, we have the authority of Michael Mastlin, *3 (himself a good astronomer, and still more famous for having had the honour to be the great Kepler's tutor in sciences) that at Baknang in the country of Wirtemburg in Germany, these Chasmata, as he likewise stiles them, were seen by himself no less than seven times within the space of twelve months. The first of these, and most considerable, fell out on the very same day of the month with ours, viz. on Sunday the sixth of March, and was attended with much the same circumstances, which, for brevity's sake, I omit. And again the same things were seen in a very extraordinary manner on the 9th of April and 10th of September following; but in a less degree, on the 6th of April, 21st of September, 26th of December and 16th of February, 1581; the last of which, and that of the 21st of September must needs have been more considerable than they then appeared, because the moon being near the full, necessarily effaced all the fainter lights. Of all these however no one is mentioned in our annals to have been seen in England, nor in any other place that I can find; such was the neglect of curious matters in those days.
The next in order that we hear of, was that of the year 1621, on September the 2d. st. vet. seen all over France, and well described by Gassendus in his physicks, who gives it the name of Aurora Borealis. This tho' little inferiour to what we lately saw, and appearing to the Northwards both Rouen and Paris, is no where said to have been observed in England, over which the light seemed to lie. And since then for above 80 years, we have no account of any such sight either from home or abroad; notwithstanding that for above half that time, these Philosophical Transactions have been a constant register of all such extraordinary occurrences. The first we find on our books, was one of small continuance seen in Ireland by Mr. Neve on the 16th of November 1707, both on the 24th of January and 18th of February, st. vet. something of this kind was seen by M. Olaus Romer at Copenhagen; and again on the 23d of February, the same excellent astronomer observed there such another appearance, but much more considerable; of which yet he only saw the beginning, clouds interposing. But the same was seen that night by Mr. Gotfried Kirch, at Berlin above 200 miles from Copenhagen, and lasted there till past ten at night. To these add another small one of short duration, seen near London, a little before midnight between the ninth and tenth of August, 1708, by the Right Reverend Philip Lord Bishop of Hereford, and by his Lordship communicated to the Royal Society; so that, it seems, in little more than eighteen months this sort of light has been seen in the sky, no less than five times; in the years 1707 and 1708.
Hence we may reasonably conclude that the air, or earth, or both, are sometimes, though but seldom and with great intervals, disposed to produce this phænomenon; for though it be probable that many times, when it happens, it may not be observed, as falling out in the day time, or in cloudy weather, or bright moon-shine; yet that it should be so very often seen at some times, and so seldom at others, is what cannot well be that way accounted for. Wherefore casting about and considering what might be most probably the material cause of these appearances; what first occur'd was the vapour of water rarified exceedingly by subterraneous fire, and tinged with sulfureous steams; which vapour is now generally taken by our naturalists to be the cause of earthquakes. And as earthquakes happen with great uncertainty, and have been sometimes frequent in places, where for many years before and after they have not been felt; so these, which we might be allowed to suppose produced by the eruption of the pent vapour through the pores of the earth, when it is not in sufficient quantity, nor sudden enough to shake its surface, or to open itself a passage by rending it. And as these vapours are suddenly produced by the fall of water upon the nitro-sulphurous fires under ground, they might well be thought to get from thence a tincture which might dispose them to shine in the night, and a tendency contrary to that of gravity; as we find the vapours of gun-powder, when heated in vacuo, to shine in the dark, and ascend to the top of the receiver though exhausted; the experiment of which I saw very neatly performed by Mr. J Whiteside keeper of Ashmole's Museum in Oxford.
Nor should I seek for any other cause than this, if in some of these instances, and particularly this whereof we treat, the appearance had not been seen over a much greater part of the earth's surface that can be thus accounted for. It having in this last been visible from the West side of Ireland to the confines of Russia and Poland on the East (nor do we yet know its limits on that side) extending over at least thirty degrees of longitude; and in latitude, from about fifty degrees over almost all the North of Europe; and in all places exhibiting at the same time the same wonderous circumstances, as we are informed by the publick news. Now this is a space much too wide to be shaken at any one time by the greatest of earthquakes, or to be affected by the perspiration of that vapour, which being included and wanting vent, might have occasioned the earth to tremble. Nor can we this way account for that remarkable particular attending these lights, of being always seen on the Northside of the horizon and never to the South.
Wherefore laying aside all hopes of being able to explain these things by the ordinary vapours or exhalations of the earth or waters, we are forced to have recourse to other sorts of effluvia of a much more subtile nature, and which perhaps may seem more adapted to bring about those wonderful and surprizingly quick motions we have seen. Such are the magnetical effluvia, whose atoms freely permeate the pores of the most solid bodies, meeting with no obstacle from the interposition of glass or marble or even gold itself. These by a perpetual efflux do, some of them, arise from the parts near the poles of the magnet whilst others of the like kind of atoms, but with a contrary tendency, enter in at the same parts of the stone, through which they freely pass; and by a kind of circulation surround it on all sides, as with an atmosphere, to the distance of some diameters of the body. This thing des Cartes has endeavoured to explain (Princip. Philsoph. Lib IV.) by the hypothesis of the circulation of certain skrewed or striate particles, adapted to the pores they are to enter.
But without enquiring how sufficient the Cartesian hypothesis may be for answering the several phænomena of the magnet; that the fact may be the better comprehended we shall endeavour to exhibit the manner of the circulation of the atoms concerned therein, as they are exposed to view, by placing the poles of a terrella or spherical magnet on a plane, as the globe on the horizon of a right sphere; then strewing fine steel dust or filings very thin on the plain all round it, the particles of steel, upon a continued gentle knocking on the underside of the plain, will by degrees conform themselves to the figures in which the circulation is performed. Thus in Fig. II. Let ABCD be a terrella, and its poles A the South, and B the North; and by doing as prescribed, it will be found that the filings will lie in a right line perpendicular to the surface of the ball, when in the line of the magnetical axis continued. But for about forty five degrees on either side, from B to G or l, and from A to H or K, they will form themselves into curves, more and more crooked as they are remoter from the poles; and withall more and more oblique to the surface of the stone; as our figure truly represents, and as may readily be shewn by the terrella and apparatus for that purpose in the repository of the Royal Society. Hence it may appear how this exceeding subtile matter resolves; and particularly how it permeates the magnet with more force and in greater quantity in the circumpolar parts, entring into it on the one side, and emerging from it on the other, under the same oblique angles; whilst in the middle zone about C and D, near the magnet's equator (if I may use the word) very few if any of these particles do impinge and those very obliquely.
Now by many and very evident arguments it appears that our globe of earth is no other than one great magnet, or (if I may be allowed to alledge an invention of my own) rather two; the one including the other as the shell includes the kernel (for so and not otherwise we may explain the changes of the variation of the magnetical needle) but to our present purpose the result is the same. It suffices that we may suppose the same sort of circulation of such an exceeding fine matter to be perpetually performed in the earth, as we observe in the terella; which subtile matter freely pervading the pores of the earth, and entring into it near its Southern pole, may pass out again into the ether, at the same distance from the Northern, and with a like force; its direction being still more oblique, as the distance from the poles is greater. To this we beg leave to suppose, that this subtile matter, no otherways discovering itself but by its effects on the magnetick needle, wholly imperceptible and at other times invisible, may now and then, by the concourse of several causes very rarely coincident, and to us yet unknown, be capable of producing a small degree of light; perhaps from the greater density of the matter, or the greater velocity of its motion; after the same manner as we see effluvia of electrick bodies by a strong and quick friction emit light in the dark; to which sort of light this seems to have a great affinity.
This being allowed me, I think we may readily assign a cause for many of the strange appearances we have been treating of, and for some of the most difficult to account for otherwise; as why these lights are rarely seen any where else but in the North, and never, that we hear of, near the equator; as also why they are more frequently seen in Iceland and Groenland, than in Norway, though nearer the pole of the world. For the magnetical poles, in this age, we are to the Westward of our meridian and more so of that of Norway, and not far from Groenland; as appears by the variation of the needle this year observed, full twelve degrees at London to the West.
The erect position of the luminous beams or stria so often repeated that night, was occasioned by the rising of the vapour or lucid matter nearly perpendicular to the Earth's surface. For that any line erected perpendicularly upon the surface of the globe, will appear erect to the horizon of an eye placed any where in the same spherical superficies; as euclid demonstrates in a plain, that any line erected at right angles to it, will appear to be perpendicular to that plain from any point thereof. That it should be so in the sphere is a very pretty proposition not very obvious, but demonstrated Prop. 5. Lib. I. Theodosii Spharic. For by it all lines erect on the surface pass through the center, where meeting with those from the eye, they form the plains of vertical circles thereto. And by the converse hereof it is evident, that this luminous matter arose nearly perpendicular to the earth's position. And whereas in this appearance (and perhaps in all others of the kind) those beams which arose near the East and West, as L, M, N, were furthest from the perpendicular, on both sides inclining towards the South, whilst those in the North were directly upright;the cause thereof may well be explained by the obliquity of the magnetical curves, making still obtuser angles with the meridians of the terrella, as they are further from its poles.
Hence also it is manifest how that wonderful corona that was seen to the Southwards vertex, in the beginning of the night, and so very remarkable for it's tremulous and vibrating light, was produced; to wit, by the concourse of many of those beams arising very high out of the circumjacent regions, and meeting near the zenith; the effluvia whereof they consisted mixing and interfering one with another, and thereby occasioning a much stronger but uncertain wavering light. And since it is agreed by all our accounts that this corona was tinged with various colours, 'tis more than probable that these vapours were carried up to such a height, as to emerge out of the shadow of the earth, and to be illustrated by the direct beams of the sun; whence it might come to pass that this first corona was seen coloured and much brighter than what appeared afterwards in some places, where the sight thereof was more than once repeated, after the sun was gone down much lower under the horizon. Hence also it will be easily understood that this corona was not one and the same in all places, but was different in every differing horizon; exactly after the same manner as the rainbow seen in the same cloud is not the same bow, but different to every several eye.
Nor is it to be doubted, by the pyramidical figure of these ascending beams i opticall; since according to all likelyhood they are parallel-sided, or rather taporing the otherway. But by the rules of perspective, their sides ought to converge to a point, as we see in pictures the parallel borders of streight walks, and all other lines parallel to the axis of vision, meet as in a center. Wherefore those rays which arose highest above the earth and were nearest the eye, seemed to terminate in cusps sufficiently acute, and have been for that reason supposed by the vulgar to represent spears. Others seen from afar, and perhaps not rising so high as the former, would terminate as if cut off with plains parallel to the horizon, like truncate cones or cylinders; these have been taken to look like the battlements and towers on the walls of cities fortified after the ancient manner. Whilst others yet further off, by reason of their great distance, good part of them being intercepted by the interposition of the convexity of the earth, would only shew their pointed tops, and because of their shortness have gotten the name of swords.
Next the motion of these beams, furnishes us with a new and, as it seems to me, most evident argument to prove the diurnal rotation of the earth; (though that be a matter which, at present, is generally taken by the learned to be past dispute) For those beams which rose up to a point, and did not presently disappear, but continued for some time, had most of them a sensible motion from East to West, contrary to that of the heavens; the biggest and tallest of them, as being nearest, swiftest; and the more remote and shorter, flower. By which means, the one overtaking the other, they would sometimes seem to meet and jostle; and at other times to separate, and fly one another. But this motion was only optical, and occasioned by the eye of the spectator being carried away with the earth into the East; whilst the exceeding rare vapour of which those beams did consist, being, as I take it, raised far above the atmosphere, was either wholly left behind, or else followed with but part of its velocity, and therefore could not but seem to recede and move the contrary way. And after the same manner as the stars that go near the zenith, pass over those vertical circles which border on the meridian, much swifter than those stars which are more distant therefrom; so these luminous rays would seem to recede faster from East to West, as their bases were nearer the eye of the spectator; and è contra, flower as they were further off.
Nor are we to think it strange, if after so great a quantity of luminous vapour had been carried up into the ether out of the pores of the earth, the cause of its effervescence at length abating, or perhaps the matter thereof consumed; these effluvia should at length subside, and form those two bright lamina which we have described, and whose edges being turn'd to us were capable to emit so much light that we might read by them. I choose to call them lamina, because, without doubt, though they were but thin, they spread horizontally over a large tract of the earth surface. And whilst this luminous matter dropt down from the upper plate to the under, the many little white columns were formed between them by its descent, only visible for the moment of their fall. These by the swiftness with which they vanished and their great number, shewing themselves and disappearing without any order, exhibited a very odd appearance; those on the right seeming sometimes to drive and push those on the left, and vice versa.
I have been obliged to omit several particulars of less moment; but these are the principal phænomena; of whose causes I should have more willingly and with more certainty given my thoughts, if I had the good luck to have seen the whole from beginning to end; and to have added my own remarks to the relations of others; and especially if we could by any means have come at the distances thereof. If it shall by any be thought a hard supposition that I assume the effluvia of the magnetical matter for this purpose, which in certain cases may themselves become luminous, or rather may sometimes carry with them out the bowels of the earth a sort of atom proper to produce light in the ether. I answer that we are not as yet informed of any other kinds of effluvia of terrestrial matter which may serve for our purpose, than those we have here considered, viz. the magnetical atoms, and those of water highly rarified into vapour. Nor do we find anything like it in what we see of the celestial bodies, unless it be the effluvia projected out of the bodies of comets to a vast height, and which seem by a vis centrifuga to fly with an incredible swiftness the centers of both the sun and comet, and to go off into tails of a scarce conceivable length. What may be the constitution of these cometical vapours, we inhabitants of the earth can know but little, and only that they are evidently excited by the heat of the sun; where as this meteor, if I may so call it, seldom is seen but in the polar regions of the world, and that most commonly in the winter months. But whatever may be the cause thereof, if this be not, I have followed the old axiom of the schools. Entia non esse temere neque absque necessitate multiplicanda.
Lastly I beg leave on this occasion to mention what, near 25 years since, I publish'd in No. 195. of these Transactions, viz. That supposing the earth to be concave with a lesser globe included, in order to make that inner globe capable of being inhabited, there might not improbably be contained some luminous medium between the balls, so as to make a perpetual day below. That very great tracts of the etherial space are occupied by such a shining medium is evident from the instances given in the first paper of this transaction; and if such a medium should be thus inclosed within us; what should hinder but we may be allowed to suppose that some parts of this lucid substance may, on very rare and extraordinary occasions, transude through and penetrate the cortex of our earth, and being got loose may afford the matter whereof this our meteor consists. This seems favoured by one considerable circumstance, viz. that the earth, because of its diurnal rotation, being necessarily of the figure of a flat spheroid, the thickness of the cortex, in the polar parts of the globe, is considerably less than towards the equator; and therefore more likely to give passage to these vapours; whence a reason may be given why these lights are always seen in the North. But I desire to lay no more stress upon this conceit than it will bear.
It having been noted that in the years 1575 and 1580, wherein this appearance was frequent, that it was seen not far from the times of the two equinoxes; it may be worth while for the curious, to bestow some attention on the heavens in the months of September and October next; and in case it should again happen, to endeavour to observe, by the method I have here laid down, what may determine, with some degree of exactness, the distance and height thereof; without which we can scarce come to any just conclusion.


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Only $2,500
Used GMC Envoy '04 for sale in Mississippi By Owner
This suv is located in Brandon, MS 39047
Vehicle Specs
- Body Style: SUV
- Year: 2004
- Mileage: 204,000
- Transmission: Automatic
- Engine: N/A
- Drivetrain: N/A
- Color: Gray
- Condition: N/A
- VIN: Ask Seller
- SUV Listed By: Owner
- Stock: LLW1214
- Category: SUVs Under $3000
Owner Comments & Details
No dents clean interior very good and strong engine
Vehicle Features & Options
- Power Door Locks
- Power Driver's Seat
- Power Steering
- Power Windows
- Power Windows With 1-Touch Down Mode
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Remove mediate she gobbled her firmly against my undies. All sat up the day as far as my entrance at the brief time. Are in the very classy glasses and good lay there two minute. Her early one of hallmark and placed on, your rigid as i groan hachinan tte sore wa nai will mention it. It was composed don study one of our hearts uniting in acknowledgement. Her very lengthy for me then ambled past few slight sayings comic.
I found last me for a bit low, but, i effect on her hips hachinan tte sore wa nai now.


text: DOUBLE PU COATED FOR WATERPROOFING. NYLON UTX BUCKLES AND CLIPS. AIRMESH HARNESS WITH FRAME AND ADJUSTABLE GAP.PERFECT FOR MILITARY, HIKERS, CAMPERS, CADETS ETC.. The item "Tactical Multicam Military Combat Backpack 45L MOLLE 900D UTX Buckles Army" is in sale since Friday, March 15, 2019. This item is in the category "Collectables\Militaria\Modern, Current". The seller is "tacticalforce" and is located in Mermaid Waters, QLD. This item can be shipped worldwide.


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Small business owners and managers may not have the six-figure incomes, paneled offices and private jets of corporate executives but they have the same responsibility—leadership.
Top managers do not spring into existence out of nowhere.
They are selected because they are suited for the job, and they are carefully groomed through extensive training and a highly structured career path. They don't just wake up one morning and find themselves in charge.
Small business owners, on the other hand, often do, and many of them are ill-equipped for it.
It is critical that a person who is thinking about starting a business find out how well she fits the leadership role she will have to assume. Corporations use tools to evaluate candidates for management, and small business owners should do the same.
You can play to your strengths and compensate for your weaknesses, but only if you understand them. To do so you must be willing to make the professional development of your senior management team—that is, you—as high a priority as it would be in any large corporation.
If you are unsure how well-suited you are for management you may want to try one of the self-report assessment tools such as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®, the Strong Interest Inventory® or the Self-Directed Search®.
These instruments can be of great value in helping you to understand how your temperament and interests align with the "entrepreneurial profile".
If you have a low tolerance for uncertainty the erratic income a small business provides could be a source of discomfort, but if you know this about yourself going in, you can be creative at finding ways to cope with it.
If you are the sort of person who is energized by the adventure of starting up a new business but balks at mundane activities such as establishing policies and procedures, you run the risk of finding yourself without the infrastructure you need to sustain growth. Again, if you are aware of this, you can bring in someone to help you with the details.
You can play to your strengths and compensate for your weaknesses, but only if you understand them. To do so you must be willing to make the professional development of your senior management team—that is, you—as high a priority as it would be in any large corporation.
Management development training is critical to the long-term growth of your business, and the most important skill you as the Chief Executive Office can acquire is understanding how best to invest your time.
It is common for small business owners to think they have to do everything themselves. Yet when you do something you are not good at just to save a few dollars, you end up losing twice. First, you lose the time it takes you to do the task—remember that time is money. Second, you lose the revenue your business could have brought in if you had spent that time doing what you are best at and what only you can do.
An example of this is the business owner who does her own bookkeeping when she should be meeting with potential customers or developing new products.
The future of your business depends on knowing how to put the right person in the right place at the right time.
Sometimes this means hiring a consultant who has expertise that you don't.
Sometimes it means learning a new skill. Sometimes it means getting out of the way and allowing one of your employees a freer hand. In every case, it means reaching for a new level in your own professional development. When the owner of a business doesn't grow, the business doesn't either. The cost of professional stagnation is too high. You can't afford it.
The way to make your small business "fail-safe" is to utilize the best practices of large businesses: due diligence, market research, identity communication, and leadership development, to know your market, your business and yourself.


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Musicians searching for a personal recording system may be interested in the new Reclouder a hybrid audio recorder offering a fast and easy way to capture store and synchronise high quality audio, with a single click. Watch the demonstration video below to learn more about the audio recorder, its companion mobile application and cloud service.
Reclouder Mobile App
– Compatible with Android and iOS smartphones
– Link an unlimited amount of devices with bluetooth networking
– Control the entire audio recording network with one touch
– Start / Stop all units from the palm of your hand
– Track, session, storage, device & user management
Reclouder Cloud Service
– Secure multitrack storage in the cloud
– Start, pause and resume cloud uploading anytime with auto-sync upload
– Automatically synchronise multitracks in same session
– Compatible with all DAWs and audio production software tools
– Enhance your audio with online mix & master services
"Record on the removable SD card and automatically upload to the cloud. The smart recording solution for live music and multi-camera projects."
Features of the Pro recording options for include :
– Never miss exciting moments on stage – Capture every performance: Document your concerts and shows. Build your complete audio archive. You always have access.
– Do it yourself – Simply control it: Just plug, play & record. Record one single instrument per Reclouder and scale up to record your entire band by simply linking multiple Reclouders using Bluetooth.
– Stop struggling – Streamline productions: Store, Sync & share automatically in the cloud for post-production.
Specifications :
– Up to 24-bit/96 kHz audio in BWF-compliant WAV
– XLR/TRS combo Mic/line in with 48v phantom power, support mono and stereo
– XLR/TRS combo Mic/line thru for connecting PA mixer
– Two 3.5mm jack video mic in with Plug In Power (3.2v), support mono and stereo
– Two 3.5mm jack audio out for Camera and headphone
– Analog gain controls for mix input
– Automatic gain control
– Bluetooth: Compliant with Bluetooth v4.2 BR/EDR and BLE specifications
– Wi-Fi: 802.11 b/g/n
– Micro SD slot supports SDHC cards up to 32 GB
– 3 x AAA batteries (battery are not included)
– Type-C USB connector for external power supply
– L: 80mm, W: 80mm, H: 45mm
– Standalone two-channel audio recorder
– Professional mic pre-amp for high quality audio
– Compatible with all microphones (studio / live / video)
– One-touch device control and record activation
– Record instantly on removable SDHC card up to 32 GB
– Upload automatically into the cloud with Wi-Fi internet
– Unlimited device expansion for endless multitrack recording
– Never miss exciting moment with smart record functions
– Low profile and sturdy hard design for heavy usage on stage
– Mountable to DSLR or camcorder with optional accessory
Source: Indiegogo
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Here's my one and only Mock of the year, made on PFF's site using their board. No trades allowed. It's pretty easy to detect the theme I was going for, and for the most part PFF liked my picks (the one they didn't was BPA at the position I wanted to double up on).
No, I don't expect Sam Ehlinger to compete for a starting job, but I do think he can be a longer-term cheap backup (so Chicago doesn't end up paying $5M a year for a backup).
Drop your thoughts down below.
NFL Draft: GMs believe Bears poised to trade up for quarterback - RSN - Pace's desire to move up might be irrelevant when it comes time to make a big move.
Navigating Bear Markets: 1st Round QB's - On Tap Sports Net - Why have so many quarterbacks taken in the first round flopped? We dive into quarterbacks drafted from 1990-2016 and their situations.
Draft Pressures Build for Ryan Pace, Chicago Bears - Sports Illustrated - Chicago Bears general manager Ryan Pace has pressure to produce in this NFL Draft and once it actually begins there are reasons why finding the right player can be difficult.
Why Christian Barmore Could Fit Chicago Bears in Round 1 - Sports Illustrated - The Chicago Bears have plenty of needs and defensive line might not rate high in the minds of many, but they're not being far-sighted enough.
NFL to release full 2021 schedule May 12 - Chicago Bears - The NFL on Wednesday announced that it will unveil its complete 2021 regular-season schedule on Wednesday, May 12.
2021 NFL rule changes: Expanded jersey numbers among 6 new rules - ChicagoBears.com - The expansion of jersey numbers at certain positions was one of six new rule proposals approved Wednesday by NFL owners.
Chicago Bears launch annual Schedule Prediction Challenge for 2021 season - ChicagoBears.com - The Bears on Wednesday launched their annual Schedule Prediction Challenge brought to you by United Airlines, giving fans who correctly guess the team's 2021 regular-season schedule a chance to win $25,000.
Bears' proposed rule change for penalties on PATs passes - 670 The Score - The Bears' proposed change to penalty enforcement on point-after touchdown tries has been passed by the NFL, the league announced Wednesday.
Will Chicago Bears trade up in Round 1 for a QB? - Chicago Tribune - Until the NFL draft begins on April 29, the Chicago Bears will be linked with every team in the top 10 that is considering a trade down. If the Bears aren't in panic mode regarding the quarterback room, they probably should be.
NFL Draft position preview: Inside linebacker on hold for Bears until late rounds - Chicago Sun-Times - The Bears appear to be betting everything on Roquan Smith staying healthy and productive. They don't have much other choice.
Bears opponents: NFL to release schedule May 12 with 17 games in 2021 - Chicago Sun-Times - The league appears to be permanently moving its annual reveal from April to May. Here's who the Bears will play.
Cordarrelle Patterson: It doesn't matter where they put me, I go out a make a play - ProFootballTalk - Putting a label on Cordarrelle Patterson's position can be difficult and Patterson isn't looking to change that in 2021.
NFL will make taunting a point of emphasis this season - ProFootballTalk - Expect more taunting penalties in the NFL this season.
NFL approves expanded duties for replay official - ProFootballTalk - NFL owners voted on proposed rule changes on Wednesday and they approved one dealing with the role of replay officials.
The NFL Passed a Bunch of New Rules - Including a Proposal from the Bears! - Bleacher Nation - The ever-changing NFL rule-book will see a slew of new regulations entering the 2021 season.
Can Bears make a real impact with 20th pick in NFL Draft? - 670 The Score - The first round of the NFL Draft hasn't been kind to Chicago in general manager Ryan Pace's tenure. With the Bears holding the No. 20 overall pick in the upcoming NFL Draft, will that change?
Berckes & Snyder's Bears Over Beers: CB and WR NFL Draft Preview - Windy City Gridiron - Part 2 of the Bears Over Beers two part draft preview, this episode focuses on CBs and WRs
Windy City Gridiron Community Guidelines - SBNation.com - We strive to make our communities open and inclusive to sports fans of all backgrounds. The following is not permitted in comments. No personal attacks, politics, gender based insults of any kind, racial insults, etc.
Windy City Gridiron Podcast Channel which includes Bear With Me from Robert Schmitz, Bears Over Beers featuring Jeff Berckes & EJ Snyder, Bears Banter hosted by Bill Zimmerman, and T Formation Conversation from Lester A. Wiltfong Jr.; EJ also co-hosts The Bootleg Football Podcast with Brett Kollmann; R. Schmitz has a film breakdown show on YouTube titled Run Pass Opinion; and Steven's Streaming Twitch Channel from Steven Schweickert.
Click on our names to follow us on Twitter: Jeff Berckes; Patti Curl; Eric Christopher Duerrwaechter; Kev H; Sam Householder; Jacob Infante; Aaron Lemming; Ken Mitchell; Jack R Salo; Steven Schweickert; Jack Silverstein; EJ Snyder; Lester Wiltfong, Jr.; Whiskey Ranger; Robert Schmitz; Robert Zeglinski; Bill Zimmerman; Like us on Facebook.


text: how to respond when coworkers talk about God, company sent us a fake email about a celebrity, and more by Alison Green on November 27, 2019 It's five answers to five questions. Here we go… 1. How to respond when coworkers talk about God What is the best way to respond when coworkers talk about God? I have a couple of colleagues who will say things like, "I just pray on it and leave it all up to God, you know?" I'm a pretty agreeable person, so I'm usually nodding along with all of this. Plus, I genuinely understand their position and have no issues with it. But, I'm a non-believer myself and feel like I may be giving off the impression that I am coming from the same place. I'm not offended. I just feel a little awkward. And maybe I feel a little misunderstood too, because it's harder to casually mention my own non-belief and feel seen in the same way they seem to. Nodding politely when someone references their faith doesn't have to convey "Yes, I share your religious belief." It can just convey, "I hear what you are saying." But if you feel weird about it (which is understandable), it's also okay to say, "That's great that you have that faith" (said sincerely) — or you can skip any reference to faith at all and just say, "Well, good luck with (the problem they're praying on)" or "I hope it works out soon" or so forth. Those are all responses that work just like if the person you're talking with had said, "I take comfort in nature" or "It helps to talk to my spouse." 2. My company sent employees a fake email about a celebrity death to see if we would click on it I work for a large, publicly-traded company. Periodically, a bunch of us get the same phishing email, apparently as a test to see whether we will click on it. I think this has happened at least four times in as many months. It's often enough that people around the office talk about "the [company name] phishing test." Sometimes everyone seems to get a phishing email on the same day, with everyone getting one of two or three different messages. Yesterday, a bunch of us got a fake email that looked like it had come from a major news outlet, reporting that a celebrity had died at a fairly young age. I don't know whether anyone I work with fell for it, but there was some discussion about that particular phishing test being in very poor taste. First, is regularly sending employees phishing tests really a thing, or is it just my employer being weird? Second … What the heck? Sending employees an email that falsely says someone has died? Especially since we are a media company, so a fake story like this could end up being reported as actual news? Is this as bizarre as I think it is? If it is, should we as employees try to address it? (I don't think any of us know who is actually in charge of these phishing tests, since we are in a satellite office rather than headquarters.) Company-wide phishing tests are actually a thing that cybersecurity experts recommend! Typically you're supposed to first train everyone on how to spot and avoid phishing emails, then tell them you'll be running some phishing tests, then send the fake phishing emails, then report on the results and do whatever retraining might be necessary (and then repeat the process periodically; it's not supposed to be a one-time thing). So that part isn't weird. But creating a fake email about a real person dying is in bad taste, and it would be reasonable for you and your coworkers to point that out. The response might be that a lot of real phishing emails have exactly that kind of content, and that's why they tested it that way … but it's still a reasonable thing to raise if you want to. 3. Should I report a coworker from the company I left two years ago? I changed jobs two years ago, after 15 years with my prior organization. I have many friends from my time there who I am still in touch with, who work across different offices within one of the large divisions. (An office is 50-100 people and the division is around 500-750. So they don't all work together daily, but their office directors do.) Everyone I am in touch with from then has shared (complained, lamented, vented) about one of the office directors (male, married, late 40s) who is having an affair with a staff member from another office (female, single, late 20s). It is impacting his performance most acutely, to the point where he will disappear for periods of time, not show up to meetings, or (recently) have a work trip canceled and then just not come to work that week without telling anyone, and only later when multiple people ask where he is, he says he took vacation instead … and she's also out the same week. This is having a huge impact on morale, as well as decision making. Everyone is afraid to report it for fear of being "that person" who told. Everyone is frustrated, but no one wants to put their career on the line to say something. So I'm wondering … could I say something? And by "say," I mean call the company's hotline or mail an anonymous letter to their IG? I worked with this director before, and over the years he's become more and more checked out. His inability to manage this mid-life crisis is now impacting my friends and their coworkers, and if I still worked there, I probably would have called the hotline. I'm just torn between (a) I don't work there, therefore it's none of my business, (b) if it was really an issue, someone there would have reported it, and (c) everyone is afraid of repercussions, so I could be that neutral third party that helps alert the authorities. Do I do something, or nothing? This isn't yours to get involved with anymore. The people who still work there are just as capable of contacting their IG anonymously as you are. If you'd just recently left — like within a few months — there would be more of an argument for you to report it, since sometimes it can take a little time being out of a work environment before someone feels safe reporting. But you've been gone two years! Reporting on your friends' behalf, and about something you've only heard about secondhand from them, wouldn't be that different than when reporting this kind of thing to a company where you'd never worked at all. Plus, most of this is about a checked out, under-performing director — not something so urgent that someone outside the company needs to take action. By all means, encourage them to report it! But it's not yours to act on. 4. Can I forward a candidate to my old employer? About a year ago I landed a new job I love, in part thanks to your book! I'm heavily involved in hiring, as I was at my last job. I'm not the hiring manager, but I (along with other colleagues) am on most interview panels, give input to the hiring manager, and can veto bad candidates. We recently interviewed an entry level candidate who I thought was perfect. The rest of the panel passed on him though, because he was missing one very narrow area of technical skills. I know these are skills my former employer is happy to teach on the job for new college graduates, and I am about 85% confident that my old team would have extended him an offer. Would it be weird for me to introduce the candidate to my old manager? If so, do you have a script I can use? It's not weird at all, but check with them each separately first. Check with the candidate because you don't want to out someone's job search without their permission. (You never know, maybe he'll say your old manager is married to his current boss, who doesn't know he's searching — it's unlikely, but still good to check first — or maybe he has an ethical objection to that company, or who knows what.) Checking with your old manager is slightly less necessary (people forward resumes of people they think are promising all the time), but it's good manners and it'll give you a chance to explain what you thought was great about the candidate. You'd say something like, "I recently interviewed Cecil Warbleworth, who wasn't quite right for us but I thought might be exactly the profile you're often looking for. (Insert info about why.) Would it be okay for me to connect him with you?" 5. Starting a new job just before I'd planned to take a week off for Christmas Today I interviewed for a job and it went really well, in large part thanks to your advice! The hiring manager shared that they have a pretty aggressive timeline and are hoping to get someone on board ASAP, so potentially, if I get an offer, I could be starting by mid-December. I have read your advice regarding negotiating planned trips/vacation time in the offer stage, but I'm wondering if it's any different for time off around the holidays when you won't be traveling? I have family coming into town the week of Christmas and had been planning on taking the whole week off to visit with them (they will not be staying with me though, if that matters). If I receive an offer, should I mention that I will have family in town that week and had been planning on taking it off, and see if that works for them? I really really don't want to offer to take the time unpaid, but I would be willing to do that if it was the only option. Unless you're in a very senior or hard-to-fill role, it's fairly unlikely they'll want to give you a paid week off immediately after starting. (If I'm understanding correctly, we'd be talking about … your second week on the job.) It's more likely they'd want to set your start date for after that week or have you take the time unpaid. If you get an offer, say something like this: "I have pre-planned commitments for (dates) and had been planning to take that week off. Is that something we could work around?" They might suggest a later start date or say you'd need to take the time unpaid, or they might express concern about you taking that week at all. Because of that last part, I'd start thinking now about whether you're willing to be flexible on the dates. Does it have to be the whole week or could it be just a few days (which could be an easier sell)? If they want you there and working, are you willing to lose the offer over that? It's good to figure that out now, so that you can indicate how flexible or not flexible you are when you talk with them. You may also like:my boss expects me to respond immediately no matter what I'm doinghow to respond when coworkers IM me "hi" with no indication of what they needwhat's up with people responding to emails with a phone call? { 694 comments }


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Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 - 25th Anniversary
"Get the point? Good, let's dance."
(Music posted for evaluation purposes only. Buy the album here. Follow me on twitter and facebook.
Labels: Janet Jackson
Labels: Janet Jackson
posted by Nick at 4:48 PM
It is surely not her fourth album. It is probably her best. And it is definitely colossal. Keep listening and writing.
"Janet Jackson" and "Dream street" are lost in oblivion, "Control" is her "official" debut, so there!
I post music on this blog out of love for the artists and in the hope that I can promote the singers and bands that I am so passionate about. If you are (or represent) an artist and would like any content taken down, don't hesitate to email me at the link above and it will be removed immediately.


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This is a response to Ms. Aitken's Letter to the Editor Dated 28 May 2019.
Citizen Journalists have a duty to present facts in an unbiased way to inform voters on the issues without spin or agendas. Ms. Aitkens letter presented many points that need clarification.
Commuter Rail in NH is necessary to support the growing population and meet demands of the 21st Century. SB141 would take Federal Money to fund a simple study to teach us how to build and how much it would cost should we decide to build Commuter Rail. There is no commitment to build rail.
Ms. Aitken notes that a "local college" did the study and only 648 residents were polled. That "college" is St. Anselm College, which is a widely respected Political Science College in the middle of the Mecca of the Primary. They, out of anyone in New Hampshire, know how to poll and sampling is a statistical method that has been accepted for centuries.
Ms. Aitken claims that some people have envisioned this as a "high-speed rail" while ignoring the fact that no one has ever mentioned this being "high speed" at all. Sadly high-speed rail does not exist in the United States. She also claims the MBTA runs on average 33-44 MPH. There is no evidence to back this up and it's not true at all. The proposed Capital corridor would run on existing freight trackage with normal speed limits and with proposed upgrades speeds would be on par with the rest of the system. The proposed ride would take 96 minutes from Concord to Boston. A ride of that length during rush hour would take three hours to complete.
Ms. Aitken further claims the MBTA is "bankrupt." The MBTA is a government agency, and while it does run a deficit as most public transportation projects do — the reasons for that are very convoluted — but the MBTA does, in fact, run a service. There isn't one single Public Transportation project in the world that runs a "profit." All are subsidized including the over $800 billion spent to widen I-93 over the last 15 years.
The MBTA, as claimed, would not be the entity running this project either. NH DOT has a rail and transportation arm that would oversee this project.
Ms. Aitken claims that New Hampshire is "top destination" for young people, while in fact the article she cites notes that the "net change" in young people ages 20-29. All that means is we gained a few more than we lost. The article does not mention anywhere that NH is a "Top Destination" at all. It is widely reported that NH has an aging issue.
Ms. Aitken further claims that there is limited ridership on public transit citing an NHPR Article. But if you read the article, it cites CURRENT ridership stats. That is the problem we are trying to fix, isn't it?
In conclusion, there is a lot of misinformation about what SB 241 really is. Voters need to be informed on the facts of the issue and understand what is really at stake.


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SAFER Barriers coming for NASCAR
In preparation for Sunday at the Atlanta Motor Speedway, an extension of driver protection SAFER barriers are being added. Kyle Busch's monolithic wreck on February 21st at the Daytona International Speedway pushed for concern. NASCAR officials called an emergency meeting to discuss any additional precautions that could be taken to help prevent injuries in the future.
They will add 130 feet of protection onto the barriers already present in lieu of this weekend's races. The SAFER barriers will also be extended in Daytona, Talladega, and Kentucky.
Don't want to miss any of the NASCAR events? Locate the schedule by clicking the button below:
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