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Well you want to believe that we hammered OD and really increased our confidence again, worked out some things, cleaned up some areas, worked on depth and got some people well for a stretch drive at a top level bowl game. This is a week we need to get back on our game on both sides of the ball, get a win and get ready to win several SEC and a couple of out-of-conference games over the next two months. Maybe we all had grand dreams but if you don't dream then you never work towards a prize. There are still many great opportunities ahead of us if we as alumni and fans stay behind our young men and coaches and they fight every step of the way. Can we finish 10-2, 9-3 or 8-4? Yes, all of those are possible, realistically 9-3 or 8-4 is very attainable. Last week was another pretty good week and would have been perfect except for LSU somewhat finding themselves, at least for a week. Last week I went 5-1, now 46 - 14 overall (77%).
This week's predictions:
South Carolina @ Tennessee — The Gamecocks scored their first multiple defensive TD's in over 6 years last week in fact they had never scored three defensive TD's in 125 years. Muschamp either found a way to dot all the i's and cross all the t's OR Arkansas is steadily collapsing. Tennessee took a week off to figure out if they have any powder left for their long-rifles because they had about become defenseless. Butch Jones can't seem to get his BIG ORANGE to play in a manner the faithful expect. Hopefully Ol' Smokey comes out of their off week with a strong scent of the direction in which Muschamp's yard-birds have taken to their Neyland Stadium roost so they can be dealt with before Tennessee Orange turns to blood red as the arteries are severed and Butch Jones goes on life support. Bentley played lights out last week and the defense rose to incredible highs. I could be really wrong but I think Ol' Smokey's wounds are life-threatening and the Gamecocks will smell the blood early.
T-DAWG's Winner — South Carolina 30 - 26
Auburn @ LSU — Orgeron met with coaches and AD last week while players met privately on their own. Somehow and from somewhere the Bayou Bengals found some heart, got pissed or just got totally hyped up after being pushed around all season. Now Coach "O" has the Gus bus pulling into Death Valley on a Saturday afternoon with a strong taste for Gumbo igniting the saliva. Auburn has hit a stride for now and they are adamantly against anything wearing purple and gold slowing them down. One set of Tigers are desperate while the other is determined to keep the bus rolling for two more weeks until an open date appears. Gus has finally found him a song that keeps him all fuzzy feeling and he plans to keep his "Rose-Colored Glasses" on as long as he can. If you want to sing along with him ( http://www.metrolyrics.com/rose-colored-glasses-lyrics-john-conlee.html ) you can and he hopes he has a line dance going by the time "The Fat Lady" sings in Death Valley Saturday night.
T-DAWG's Winner — Awbun 41 - 23
Vanderbilt @ TSUN — This is a game of "Wanna-be's" with Vanderbilt and TSUN both having high expectations for this season that have begun to rapidly fade into the rear view mirror. In some ways Vanderbilt still has opportunities to clean it up and have a winning season for themselves. The Commodores aren't bad but they don't have hands to man all stations adequately for the SEC wars. TSUN has begun to realize they aren't going anywhere for real and maybe for several years. Even though TSUN may be capable of defending Fort Oxford from the Commodores it just gets hard for a Black Bear to keep dancing when they know there is no treat coming. They may figure there is more reward in raiding local trash cans. This one should be close but Coach Mason may be getting his groove on again in Oxford Saturday night while Gus is busting loose in Baton Rouge leaving Coach Luke to cry in his beer again.
T-DAWG's Winner — Vanderbilt 35 - 31
Texas A&M @ Florida — Sumlin brings his Aggies to the "Swamp" looking to build on what they were able to do against Saban's Crimson Tide last week. Freshman Kellen Mond seemed to grow dramatically against Alabama and looks to enhance his water skills this week and avoid Gators seeking to pull him under. Felipe Franks will go back out again for McElwain who is beginning to hear the grumbling of Gators all around. If he can't keep the waters turbulent enough to help subdue visitors then his seat in the boat is going to really heat up. There is no doubt who is in control of the SEC East but the rest are up and down like waves driven by a hurricane. I hope the Aggies can tread water in the Swamp because I think the wind will blow the Gator's way Saturday night.
T-DAWG's Winner — Florida 28 - 23
Arkansas @ Alabama — Saban wasn't happy by a long shot last week in Aggieville. After ripping through two SEC teams in a row the Tide seemed to have left their "Big Boy Pants" at home last week but still managed to survive while holding their pants up with one hand. You can be sure Saban spent the week throwing out all the "rat poison" and lighting some fires under his team. The Razorbacks sight-seeing trip to Tuscaloosa couldn't come at a worse time. By the time Bret unloads his Hogs the fire will be hot and the barbecue sauce will be waiting to be applied. All that will be needed is the guest of honor and it won't take long before Bielema and his Porkers know they have been "stuck".
T-DAWG's Winner — Alabama 48 - 0
Missouri @ Georgia — The Tigers try to slip into Athens and hide out in the hedges in hopes of maybe catching some tired Dawgs napping. Even sleepwalking these Dawgs have more than enough to make Missouri look for a back door to the dressing room during halftime if they can make it that far. Kirby Smart is trying to get his troops fighting mad before heading to Jacksonville next week and he plans to use a group of out-classed Tigers to tune up for the trip. Kirby will be sure Missouri gets plenty of it's state motto (Show Me) before they run off with their tails between their legs.
T-DAWG's Winner — Georgia 45 - 12
BYU @ Miss. State — These Cougars don't have the bite or even the growl they had last year. Coach Kalani Sitake brings his boys in on a 5 game losing streak. Quarterback Tanner Mangum will be back to start but still has limited mobility with a tender ankle (oh boy!) but true freshman Joe Critchlow relieved him last week and probably will this week also. The Cougars have been yielding quite a few points this season so Fitzgerald and company need to get physical again and run it down their throats then toss a few over their heads. Expect Fitzgerald to play a good bit of fetch with some wide-outs we will need to perform down the road but hitting the check-downs is a must also. Jeffrey Simmons and his "Nasty Crew" need to find that attitude again and communicate so they can stuff the run and then hold team meetings at the quarterback. I look forward to seeing our DAWGS return to early season form and step on the Cougar's tails hard before they run back to hills and regroup before going to East Carolina next week. Hey Fitz, you ready to sing again?
T-DAWG's Winner — Mississippi State 31 - 13
I will be there with Cowbell in hand as we get the second half of the season started off right. Be there if you can and make plenty of noise while supporting our team, coaches and spirit groups. I can't wait to see the season ticket holders from Pontotoc that sit beside me and the crew from Madison at the "Function at the Junction" tent.
Be safe in your travels.


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As I'm sure you've heard before, writing is rewriting. Whether it's your vomit draft or your 100th revision, there are some simple steps to take to make sure your screenplay is in great shape.
Now he spends his time teaching other writers how to get their story ideas to the screen as the director of the MFA program at Antioch University in Santa Barbara.
Why you should switch to SoCreate...
He's become an expert in rewriting over the course of his career, so we're happy to share his tips with you now!
- Read your script with fresh eyes
"It's really a learned skill to find out how to read your own work and edit it because you know what you meant, but you have to read it as if you're somebody else reading it for the first time."
- Go overboard on the notes
"I think you should make extensive notes on it. Any time anything occurs to you that it might not be right, put a mark next to it there so you can come back to it again."
- Pay close attention to your dialogue
"Take a look at every piece of dialogue and ask yourself, does this sound like this one specific character speaking? Or could any other character speak this line? If somebody else could speak the line, there's probably something wrong with it, unless it's a really functional line like 'yes' or something like that."

subset: commoncrawl


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Walt Disney's Pinocchio Vintage US One Sheet (R 1992)
Walt Disney's Pinocchio Vintage US One Sheet (R 1992)
27" x 40"
Condition: Very Good
Rolled. Double sided. Never used.
All images are of the actual item for sale. Please click image to zoom in and look at the image carefully. All descriptions are given in good faith. If you have any questions about the condition please feel free to contact us.
More info on vintage poster conditions
Sale Sold out
Regular price $60.00 USD
Regular priceUnit price per
Sale price
About the movie...
Plot: A living puppet, with the help of a cricket as his conscience, must prove himself worthy to become a real boy.
Genre: Animation Adventure Comedy
Director(s): Norman Ferguson T. Hee Wilfred Jackson
Cast: Dickie Jones Christian Rub Mel Blanc
See more items for Pinocchio


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A common concern among students is coping with maths in A-level Biology. 10% of your A-level Biology marks will require using mathematical skills. If that fills you with dread, do not panic! You don't need to be studying A-level Maths but a good grounding of GCSE maths is necessary.
Coping Tactics
Some of the best tactics to cope with the maths in your Biology exam are:
- Ensure you have a scientific calculator that you know how to use!
- Leave the Maths questions until you've completed everything else on your Biology exam. It is very easy to get drawn into spending many minutes interpreting a maths question and it may not be the best use of your time!
- Simplify every question by clearly noting what you are being told and what you are being asked to calculate; then try & find a route through!
- Practise as many questions as possible from my topic question packs, past papers and the 'Essential Maths Skills for A-level Biology' book. It won't make you perfect but it will give you a much clearer indication of what's expected and how to manipulate the data.
- Ensure you can convert units readily e.g. from millimetres to micrometres or grams to kilograms; this really should become second nature.
- Microscopy calculations-ALWAYS measure in mm and carry out the conversion first. If there is a scale bar shown, you are likely to need to use it. Remember I/AxM.
- Learn how to calculate percentage change, ratios, powers and standard form – these are calculations you can wrote learn the technique, so you ensure full marks in the exam.
- Learn formulas such as how to calculate the area and volume of cones and spheres, alongside Hardy Weinberg (yes algebra is back to haunt you!) and Index of Diversity.
- Graphing and data questions have increased dramatically, with many application questions requiring evidence and quoting data to back up your conclusions. Examiners reports frequently state that students fail to use appropriate data to back up conclusions-so ensure you don't make that error. Look out for Standard deviation and error bars which can be utilised. If there is a graph or set of data provided you MUST use it!
- Using statistical tests creates problems for many A-level Biologists but the important thing is you know how to interpret results for tests such as Chi-squared and Spearman's rank. Depending on your exam board you may have to calculate one statistical test but the formula would be provided. More commonly you have to interpret the answer using degrees of freedom and the critical value including reference to the terms probability and chance.
Nicky Tweedle 30/9/2019


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One of CBAN's big goals for 2021 was to grow our membership across all classifications. And we're excited to have Tii Technologies join CBAN as an Associate Member!
Tii Technologies is a leader in providing the communications industry with fiber and copper solutions for over 55 years. They support the ever-changing demands of today's broadband networks and provide world-class product development and manufacturing based upon customer specific requirements.
Markets Served:
Thank you to Tii Technologies and all our great Associate Members for their support of CBAN's mission!
Leave a Reply.
Broadband Bytes News
Presented by the Community Broadband Action Network and curated by Curtis Dean.
September 2023


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Who's Got a Monkey Stick? I DO!
I would like to become an official spokesdog for the Monkey Stick. Not only does it honk and squeak with particular efficiency at 4 a.m., it also is a multi tasker.
Monkey Stick Pillow:
Monkey Stick Snuggler:
When you tired to hold up your head while you chew your monkey stick, Monkey Stick is a head holder:
And you can even use it for Monkey Stick Smooch Practicer:
Labels: monkey stick, stuffies, Wally


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ITS Maintenance Outage: Ullsvik lower level network down Thursday, May 7
Posted: 12:56:52, Tuesday, May 5, 2020 Expiration: 12:56:52, Friday, May 8, 2020
Network connections on the lower level of Ullsvik Hall will be unavailable all day Thursday, May 7, beginning at 8:30 a.m. This outage will affect the areas of Prospective Students, CPDO, Box Office/Art Gallery, Wisconsin Room, Hickory and Main, and basement classrooms.
All network switches, wireless access points, and VoIP telephones on the lower level will be offline during this time as ITS staff replace the network switches with new equipment. Phone service through your Jabber device will not be affected.
Services should be restored by end of business day Thursday. If you have questions, please contact the ITS Help Desk at 608.342.1400 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
-- UW Platteville: Deb Meyer
Created: 12:58:29, Tuesday, May 5, 2020 (by Deb M.)
Updated: 12:58:29, Tuesday, May 5, 2020 (by Deb M.)


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King Controls has introduced the Jack digital, over-the-air HDTV antenna for RVs. The manufacturer says the antenna, which covers the full spectrum of both UHF and VHF signals, has a wide reception range and is less directional than traditional RV antennas, making it easier to find a signal and scan for available channels.
At 12.5 inches long, 16.5 inches wide and two inches high, the antenna has a compact size to limit wind resistance when deployed or traveling. Two different mounting brackets are provided for quick installation on an existing RV antenna lift or a pole without any special tools. Suggested retail price is $49.95.
King Controls, which makes the King-Dome and VuQube mobile satellite systems, is based in Bloomington, Minnesota. For information, visit kingcontrols.com.


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Our Kaolin products are used in hundreds of applications. Let us help you find the exact Burgess Pigment product for your needs.Access Product Finder
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BURGESS 2211 has been specifically developed for use in mineral filled nylon applications. Burgess 2211, amino silane treated Icecap K, offers dramatic advantages in physical properties compared to untreated fillers. Low warpage and high impact strengths are key advantages.
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Specific Gravity 2.63
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pH (20% Solids) 9.5
Loss On Ignition % 0 – 1.0
Silica (SiO2) % 51.0 – 52.4
Alumina (Al2O3) % 42.1 – 44.3
Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) % Trace
Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) % 1.56 – 2.50
The suggestions and data contained in this bulletin are based on data which are believed to be reliable. They are offered in good faith, to be applied according to the user's own best judgment. Since operating conditions in the processor's plant are beyond our control, Burgess Pigment Company cannot assume responsibility for any risks or liabilities which may result from the use of its products. Likewise, no liability is assumed for any claimed patent infringement occurring by reason of any method or manner of use, or any product made by a consumer. While the Burgess Pigment Company guarantees the quality of its products, it cannot give any warranty regarding the results obtained by the use thereof.


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Today we served migrant families during our food bank. It was a very powerful and moving experience, and it was amazing to interact with the different family members. I especially loved being with a volunteer who has come up and helped with the food bank every week. He helped me with my Spanish so that I could interact with the different migrants, which made the experience much more meaningful to me, to know that they could understand me without having to ask for a translation. Today was a step into a culture that I was not familiar with, but we had an amazing time!
-Agape Youth
Today we served over 100 migrant family's at our food bank. It was amazing to see all the hard work we had put in on Tuesday in action today. I loved the feeling of helping people and I felt like we had a big impact on the migrant community, for example all the kids loved their backpacks and were so proud to show them off. I also felt like I learned a lot about responsibilities for young migrant kids and improved my Spanish.
We were able to serve 136 families today for this summer's last food bank! We'd like to thank everyone who could make this happen, including all the St. Joseph's and Our Lady Queen of Heaven communities! You are awesome!
- Agape staff :)
Agape Service Project
The Agape Service Project fosters environments where participants can serve the migrant community of Whatcom County and grow in their Catholic faith. We will post here daily throughout the program! Check back on Wednesdays to learn how many people we served at the Food Bank!
Wednesday, August 7, 2019
Week 7: Our Lady Queen of Heaven & St. Joseph's - Tuesday
Hello friends and family, I am Feliscia Dimayuga from Our Lady Queen of Heaven Parish. Today, the Agape group and I went to a blueberry farm here in Bellingham. During our time at the farm, we picked blueberries for around two hours. My experience with farm work taught me many things. First, an hour of work was already tiring for me, yet I thought of many things. Such as how migrant workers work everyday for several hours, not to mention the farm work is strenuous. I began to think about what the migrant farmers go through and how they receive such little pay for so much work they do. I really respect what migrant farmers do to make a living. Having small wages yet needing to pay for dinner for their family of two or ten. Also, buying dinner feels very limited and restricted. This ties into the beatitude we are focusing on today, which mentions how the meek will inherit the land. Migrant farm workers really express this beatitude, for they are incredibly humble with the amount of money they make in a day, in ratio to the amount of work they do in a day and what they spend their wages on.
Hello friends and family, my name is Eva Scearce and I am from St. Joseph's Parish in Seattle. Today, my group and I went to Growing Veterans, a farm that works to help ease and heal the trauma of America's war veterans through the peaceful experience of cultivating land. During our time at the farm, we weeded the crops and harvested squash and cucumber. The squash and cucumber will eventually be sold to different buyers, so we also got to do a bit of sanitation too. It was really interesting to get a bit of an inside look in how fresh food first starts to be produced. When we were working on the farm, I started to think about how hot it was and how difficult the work was. It made me realize that migrant workers put in far more time and work into this sort of job and hardly ever complain, yet a mere few hours of work for me made me feel completely exhausted. Realizing this difference reminded me of the beatitude we focused on today, which was, "Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the land." Migrant workers, as I have come to learn, are far more humble than any one else I have ever met. Now that I've had the chance to learn more about the experiences of others, I feel like I better understand humanity and life as a whole.
Monday, August 5, 2019
Week 7: Our Lady Queen of Heaven & St. Joseph's - Monday
I'm Mariah from Our Lady Queen of Heaven. Today was amazing, after eating breakfast we did our Monday activity and we were learning about all the things that migrants and immigrants have to go through to come to the US. After that we got ready to go to a migrant farm and play with all the kids. It was so fun to play soccer and dodge ball with them. when we got home we changed into our Agape shirts and went to stores to ask for donations for the food bank that we are doing for the migrant families. It was such a fun experience to see all the people that were willing to give us the food or other items that were provided on a list. I really felt the grace of God moving through every interaction that I had today, and I can't wait for tomorrow to come.
I'm Ayanna, from Saint Joseph School. Today was truly a day where I was pushed out of my comfort zone, to make the local migrant children happier, and to do and care for others. After breakfast, we were engaged in activities that allowed us to understand the process for an immigrant to become a citizen, create a bill of rights based on rights we believed every individual should have, and to understand the push and pull factors which cause people to leave their country. After that, we went to a migrant camp, and interacted and played with the kids. It was amazing how kids, even at the ages as young as six were taking full responsibility of their siblings while their parents were at work. They even sacrificed what they wanted to do to make their siblings happy. Once we left the farm, we collected food donations at different grocery stores for a food bank we are holding to support these kids. It was scorching hot outside but we persisted through it, and collected three cartfuls of food. We were really proud of that, and someone we didn't even know bought us all ice creams for our hard work. Overall, today was an AMAZING day, and I really look forward to the rest of the week at Agape.
Thank you to everyone who were able to give contributions to our foodbank! Wether it be big or small, everything is greatly appreciated and it will be going towards a greater cause in helping our borthers and sisters in Christ in the migrant community. Come back on Thursday to see how many families we were able to serve from all of your generous donations! -The Agape staff
Sunday, August 4, 2019
Week 7: Our Lady Queen of Heaven & St. Joseph's - Sunday
This is our final week of Agape for 2019!
When we arrived at camp the first thing we did was do activities like human-knot, Ultimate rock, paper, scissors and a name game, which were all very fun. Then later in the day we did an Ignation exercise where we listened to a story about Peter, Simon, and Jesus and got to reflect throughout the story. Finally we got our camp t-shirts and snack and went straight to free time! This day was super fun!
- Jonah, St. Joseph's
Day one of camp: Arrival. Before even leaving on the van to Sacred Heart I was very excited. though I had no idea what was in store for me or how God will work in my life I knew that He as a plan and that I will trust in Him. At first it started out a little rocky and I was kind of nervous but once we got going I remembered why I was going on this trip which was to show the love, acceptance, respect, and humbleness Jesus had shown and continues to show us everyday. On the drive here everybody in the car was sleeping, resting up not knowing what was in store for us when we arrived. Driving up to the church you look outside your window and see the beautiful water that is shining from the warm sun above. The parish itself is very beautiful and surrounding it was blossoming flowers of various colors. Pulling up to the side of the parish office we are greeted by excited staff members ready to share their knowledge and experience with us as well as learning new and unknown experiences. We unloaded the donations and it was amazing to see how much we had unloaded. So many backpacks not only filled with school supplies but filled with hope and excitement for the future these kids are able to have. After unloading we all gather around in a circle playing various games to get to know each other as well as our hopes and goals for this week. After being loud and playing games we were able to have a reflection time where we read the passage of Jesus and Simon Peter fishing for men. In this reflection we were asked to place ourselves there and reflect on how we felt in different situations and how are reactions were. It was a good reflection time and it was nice to be able to visualize how I would feel as a fishermen seeing this miracle of God working before my eyes and the desire of my heart to want to seek more of this truth and abundance of not only happiness and love that one would feel after being provided with this abundant bounty. Although it was only the first day, there were a lot of great things that had already been shown through the kids and staff making this a lot of fun and being very excited for whats to come and how God will show Himself in each of our lives.
- Destyne, Our Lady Queen of Heaven
Thursday, August 1, 2019
Week 6: St. Andrew's - Thursday
Today as our last day of Agape we spent our time celebrating. After morning prayer we went to church to start our day, soon after the Agape youth headed down to a local public pool to swim and relax for a few hours. Finally to wrap up our day we went to a migrant camp for a barbecue and to play with the children there for one last time before we leave.
signing off now.
alright my turn now
so as she said today is our last day at agape so we decided to do something fun. we went to mass, the pool, and went to the migrant camp to have a barbecue and a water balloon fight. so she really explained what i was going to say so bye!
-Agape Youth
Wednesday, July 31, 2019
Week 6: St. Andrew's - Wednesday
In the morning after breakfast, we loaded the vans full of the food we brought with us and collected from tabling and donations. We drove to a field next to a church and spent 3 hours setting up the tables and items to make the migrants journey around our makeshift food pantry easier. A quick break for lunch was taken, then we opened the food section of the food pantry up to the migrants. Two adults took surveys from the people who went through the line as everyone else worked tirelessly in handing out the correct number of items to people. This continued for the next 4 hours serving the migrants until we finished with the last few stragglers in the line. Putting everything away was a struggle, especially the clothes that were laid out on tarps. Eventually it got so bad we just stuffed the clothes into the bag and threw them into the shed!
We all finished tired,but we all finished working really hard and brought joy to a lot of people by giving back. A lot of the migrants were very grateful for our very limited Spanish and how hard we tried to speak their native language. A few of the volunteers, like Nancy and Brandon, helped us with our Spanish and translating with the more complicated phrases.
Agape Out!
Sara and Brandon
We were able to serve 163 families today! That's roughly 815 people when the average family size is 5 members. Thank you so much for your support and donations, we couldn't have done it without your support.
Week 6: St. Andrew's- Tuesday
Hello friends and family,
Today we woke up around 5:15 to make it feel like we were actually migrant farm workers. We worked in the fields for about three hours but we did a lot. We were moving the weeds out from where the strawberries were. Some of us picked potatoes and the rest of us were weeding. There were a lot of points where we would feel like it was super hard. For some maybe even one of the hardest things they'd had to do outside. It took a lot of resistance not to eat the strawberries which were big, red and juicy; however farmer Sam took pity on us and let us eat a strawberry or two. We learned a lot about how hard the farm workers worked and then after this we learned just how much they would make for the work we did. This in turn was shown when we went to Grocery Outlet to buy dinner with the money that we made for that meal. $1.25 each. We were put into families with 3 – 4 people most people bought noodles and sauce, one group even bought eggs and chimichangas. We were given the refrigerator and the ability to use salt and pepper and the utensils in the kitchen so it was pretty fun. The cooking part was especially fun, even when about five of us kicked the rest out of the kitchen. After dinner we went to many different migrant camps to pass out flyers to the families that lived there to let them know about the food bank that is happening tomorrow. Overall the day went pretty well and we ended on a good note at the health fair at Sunrise Migrant Worker Camp. Yesterday we went to Sunrise Migrant camp and played with the kids. We played a couple of field games with them and some of us did crafts. I have been playing with this little girl, she and I have been doing craft together, and we watched the circus together she sat in my lap. While playing with her I'm actually using a little of my Spanish.
Molly & Miriam
Monday, July 29, 2019
Week 6: St. Andrew's - Monday
Hello Boys today at the mission trip me and Jantzen learned about illegal and legal immigration. We went to a migration camp and there we played dodge ball and scrum ball. We also did tabling for a food bank for the "fam" in needs, we collected lots of food and brought it back to the church. Some things that stood out is how many people donated and how they cared about people in need. No matter what bad things happened there were good things that came out of it!
-Raidon & Jantzen AAAAAAAAAAGAPE!!!!!
Thank you to the Bellingham and St. Andrew's community for all the donations! Check back in on Thursday to see how many families we are able to serve this week with your help!
- Agape Staff
Today's groups at Haggen:
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Information for the student – Medicines, Health and the Healthcare System
Grants and financial aid
Prospective students are advised to consult the information about grants and financial aid for students on university master's degree courses to learn more about the requirements, administrative procedures and deadlines for requesting grants and other types of financial aid.
There are a variety of grants and special funding options for students at all stages of their university studies, including grants for research, exchange programs, summer courses, work placements, academic study and research in other countries, for those interested in junior lecturer positions and for a series of other options.
More information can be found in the section on grants and financial aid in the Món UB portal.


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One of the more well-known Audi automobiles is the Q7. Stay informed about the Audi Q7 2015 price in Pakistan. Here, you can examine all available data regarding the Audi Q7 model 2015. You can view photos, reviews, and price information in addition to the Audi Q7 2015's features and specifications. Find out the number of seats, horsepower, engine rating, and fuel efficiency.
3.0T quattro tiptronic Premium
3.0 TDI quattro tiptronic Premium
3.0T quattro tiptronic S line Prestige
Explore 2015 Audi Q7 Suv specs, images (exterior & interior), videos, consumer and expert reviews. Audi Q7 3.0T quattro tiptronic Premium 2015 features include transmission type (automatic/ manual), engine cc type, horsepower, fuel economy (mileage), body type, steering wheels & more.


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No products
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Ermax rear mudguard with aluminum chain cover for CB650R Neo Sports Cafe. Reinforce the rear look of the bike. Sold ready to paint or already painted in the color of the bike.


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An ESPN interview with some of the Italian national team players shows that not even the squad seems to know who will be on the pitch on Sunday when they kick off versus Paraguay. Marcello Lippi has been tight-lipped about who will start and what formation the Azzurri will play, even noting that the formation could be fluid throughout the World Cup. A look at the starters in recent friendlies is a useless guide, as the last two have seen vastly different lineups.
However, if Marcello Lippi asked me who my starting 11 would be on June 14 (and I am checking my voicemail just in case), here would be my suggestion:
Formation:4-3-3. The strength of this squad is their defending, and this formation allows the Azzurri to play with their best four defenders. Since they are without Pirlo for the first two matches at least, this formation allows for players to move up for more offensive firepower if needed, such as moving Maggio up to the midfield.
Keeper:Gianluigi Buffon. I don't think I need to explain why.
Backline: Leonardo Bonucci, Fabio Cannavaro, Giorgio Chiellini, Christian Maggio. Cannavaro and Chiellini are no-brainers and should be on the pitch from the opening kick. Maggio is arguably better placed as a winger but starting him on the backline allows him to move around in the 4-3-3 as needed, either into the midfield or remaining back. Bonucci may be the most controversial inclusion, but the young defender has shown a knack for scoring off set pieces and could be a valuable option in the box on offense if the club needs to score. Plus, by starting the Bari defender, Lippi can play his more experienced players later in the match if experience is called for. Lippi can call on Zambrotta for experience but if he needs fresh legs, Bochetti would be available.
Midfield:Daniele De Rossi, Riccardo Montolivo, Gennaro Gattuso. Midfield is arguably the weakest part of the club right now with injuries to Pirlo and Camoranesi, so a three-player midfield with the option of moving up a defender or dropping a forward is ideal. DeRossi and Gattuso are veterans who have won a World Cup and can provide experience in managing a World Cup match from the middle. Pirlo's injury means the Azzurri lack a playmaker whose passing skills can jump start an attack, so Fiorentina captain Montolivo and his passing skills are needed in the middle.
Forwards: Fabio Quagliarella, Alberto Gilardino, Vincenzo Iaquinta. My gut has me leaning toward these three being the starters up front, although it may be hard to keep Di Natale and Pazzini on the bench to start. Di Natale was the leading scorer in Serie A, so if Italy fails to threaten the goal in their first match you may see DiNatale starting the second. But this lineup allows for an experienced front to begin a match and, if Italy needs a quick strike or more offense, has some firepower coming off the bench.
We are about 48 hours away from the Azzurri taking the pitch – who's your starting 11?
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Vacationing outside the city is generally very common for people who want to escape the problems of daily life. An island therefore always seems to be a wonderful option, for many tourists from inside and outside Spain one of these options is usually Ibiza.
Among the Balearic Islands, one of the most visited islands is usually none other than Ibiza, which is not only known for its history and incredible nightlife, but also for having the most beautiful beaches in all of Europe, although many tourists like to enjoy the coast directly from the land.
For this reason, many people in Spain want to rent a boat to enjoy the deep waters of the coast. Thanks to the people of BarracudaIbiza, people can rent elegant yachts like the Azimut 68 Sport, which is a unique design model.
A comfortable yacht with luxurious design
For those who are looking for a yacht with an elegant interior and exterior design, the Azimut 98 Sport is the right choice, as it is equipped with the following features:
Length: 21.17 m
Width: 5,07 m
Capacity: 10 persons plus 2 crew members
Cabins: 3 with their respective bathrooms
Engines: 2 x MAN 1600CV
Cruising speed: 30 knots
Maximum speed: 39 knots
This yacht is equipped with everything you need for people who appreciate a certain elegance in life, with an interior that reflects great style; this yacht is equipped with everything you need for people who want to enjoy a unique vacation.
An incredible price for a great yacht
When they see her, thousands of people think that this yacht is priceless, but unlike other elegant models, Azimut 68 Sport is offered to those who book her for 3015 in low season, with a minimal increase of 3600 in mid-season and 4500 in high season.
This yacht is located in the port of Ibiza Botafoch, which is known as one of the moorings for luxury yachts, which also shows that the yacht itself is equipped for a big party.
An overnight stay on Azimut 68 Sport usually costs a bit more, but the thousands of people who have tried it highly recommend it and even think that the extra cost is small in comparison, which makes it perfect for those who want to spend a romantic evening.


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Well, in France and everywhere in the world, most governments are strongly encouraging organizations to facilitate a "work from home" policy. My assumption is that, on account of the present crisis, extra organizations will notice that work could be done from anywhere, providing you could have the proper infrastructure. This will open the doorways for more constructive conversations in the close to future, especially for workers who have that wanderlust love.
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We want to guarantee that you're stored updated with any modifications and as such would ask that you take a moment to evaluation the modifications. You will not continue to receive KPMG subscriptions till you settle for the modifications. Households more likely to have a propensity for international family travel. Our transportation & leisure professionals offer a particular blend of industry experience partnered with technological know-how to provide our clients with tangible results. It all began in 1993 with a passion for travel and the innate need to be taught and share…. Trippy is a spot where customers can publish specific questions relating to their upcoming journeys, and educated members of the Trippy community can provide up useful suggestions. Trippy claims to supply the most effective answers to your travel questions.
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Leisure travel may be many issues, however apart from being a trip, it doesn't should be any considered one of them. Although many leisure vacationers spend extra money than they'd in their on a regular basis life, others would possibly select to travel frugally. These backpacker leisure vacationers would possibly keep in hostels, prepare dinner their own meals and take public transit – as long as the principle focus is on leisure, they're still leisure vacationers Travel. Similarly, a leisure traveler might make a enterprise contact at a bar, acquire a new shopper, or work on a proposal for when she returns residence. If the focus still is principally on vacation, it's leisure travel. This is the primary ETF that gives direct access to the technology-focused world travel and tourism trade. It follows the Prime Travel Technology Index, charging investors seventy five bps in annual fees.
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House buying can be a tricky business especially when you are doing it for the first time. There are, however, some top 7 tips you need to read before buying your house. Some of these tips may seem like no-brainers but take your time to consider each one before you start looking for a home.
1. Do not buy a house if you are not the committing type
This may sound too simplistic to be a point, but trust me buying a house is a commitment, a very long commitment at that, so if you are the rolling stone type then rather consider renting, it's the equivalent of dating and buying a house is the equivalent of getting married.
2. Calculate what you can afford
Figure out how much you can afford to spend on a new home. You need to know your exact monthly expenditures. A budget will help guide you in the right price range of homes, this will help you get clear on what you are looking for so that you do not spend time looking at houses above your price range. Many sites, dealing with house buying have a tool called a home loan calculator, so make use of it and tally up all your expenses, and incomes and see what you are left with at the end of the month.
3. Save up
Start saving! If you have decided that you are serious about buying a home then I suggest you start saving money every month to put towards a down payment on your home. It is also very important to settle all debt as you will need a good credit history. Banks will not likely give you a loan if you have a bad credit history. So pay off all debts and then start saving.
4. Get bond savvy
Do some research while you are saving. Find out about terms such as fixed interest rates, interest rates, property tax and closing costs.
5. Get pre- approved
You have done your personal budgeting; now let the professionals verify the amount you can afford to spend on a bond. When you are pre -approved on a loan you can make a serious offer if you come across a house that you like, knowing with confidence that you can afford to buy it.
6. Buy in a place close to schools and malls
Something important to remember when buying a home is to buy in an area that is close to schools and shopping centres or public transportation, because if you decide to sell your house one day these are the factors people consider when buying a home. It also boosts property values.
7. Get clear about what you are looking for
Yes I am sure we would all love a house with a sauna and indoor swimming pool, but make sure that even if you are approved for a bigger loan that you don't go and buy a bigger property with features that you don't really need. Keep it simple and get really clear about the basics.Immobilienmakler Heidelberg Makler Heidelberg


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The Brabanthallen venue in Den Bosch, The Netherlands, has failed to secure its bid to host the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 due to the funding, the venue size, and hotel room availability.
The local municipality in Den Bosch has revealed that the shortlisted Rotterdam and Maastricht outscore Brabanthallen, which doesn't meet the required 18-metre ceiling height.
Venue size
The height of 17 metres is compensated by the design of the hall, which has previously hosted large concerts and TV productions. The trusses would be at no less than eighteen metres apart, providing sufficient space for the flight movements of cameras.
"Your location does not have the preferred height of eighteen metres," the selection committee mentioned in a tight evaluation which the municipality of Den Bosch made public along with the bid book on Wednesday.
However, Rotterdam and Maastricht simply score better on that, even with the hall in Maastricht being only 17.5 meters high.
Too few hotel rooms blocked
Another issue that the venue ran into was the number of hotel rooms blocked for the event did not meet the required minimum.
The city couldn't guarantee the required seven thousand hotel rooms to be available during the event in 2020.
Earlier, some of the hoteliers in the city also told local paper Brabants Dagblad that they had not blocked any rooms. Meanwhile, they had done so before the Handboog Shooting World Championships, for example. Rotterdam and Maastricht scored better in that category too.
The committee noted that in and around the Brabanthallen there is enough space for all the necessary facilities.
Despite all the hassle about the funding, the committee expressed its appreciation for the city's substantial financial contribution. In the meantime, the evaluation mentioned that Rotterdam and Maastricht would have a little more money left over.
Selection of Maastricht and Rotterdam for host cities
The selection committee shortlisted Maastricht and Rotterdam as the final two cities in the race in mid-July.
Sietse Bakker, Executive Producer of the 2020 Eurovision Song Contest made the following statement after the announcement of the two finalists:
"All the cities and venues have put a lot of effort into their bids. We were impressed with all the proposals and would like to thank everyone involved so far for their positive input and commitment. We are convinced Maastricht and Rotterdam offer everything that a Host City requires."
What happens next?
The final decision by the selection committee is expected sometime in mid-August. Until then, the committee will travel to the two cities and assess their proposals in finer detail. The two cities have presented their bids in video form as well, which you can watch below.
Will Maastricht or Rotterdam win their bid to host next year's Eurovision? Let us know in the comments below or at social media. Be sure to stay updated by following @ESCXTRA on Twitter, @escxtra on Instagram and liking our Facebook page for the latest updates!


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Continuity mistake: When Harry and Hagrid are in Gringotts, Hagrid takes the letter from Professor Dumbleldore out of his pocket to give to the Head Goblin. The string it is tied with has a bow that runs from the top to bottom of the envelope, and the envelope is creased. When the Goblin takes it off Hagrid, it is a different envelope - the bow runs from left to right and the envelope is not creased. When viewed from where Harry and Hagrid are standing, the final shot of the envelope again shows it is creased. (00:21:50)
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001)
117 pictures
Directed by: Chris Columbus
Starring: Maggie Smith, Alan Rickman, Richard Harris, Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson, Robbie Coltrane, Tom Felton, Rupert Grint, Richard Griffiths, Ian Hart
Genres: Adventure, Family, Fantasy, Harry Potter
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ISTANBUL (Reuters) – Seven Turkish journalists went on trial on Wednesday charged with revealing state secrets in their coverage of the deaths of Turkish intelligence personnel serving in Libya.
The defendants, six of whom have been in jail since early March pending the trial, are accused of revealing the identities of two members of the National Intelligence Agency (MIT).
An eighth defendant, a municipal worker in the western Turkish town of Akhisar, is accused of supplying pictures to the journalists of the funeral of one of the dead intelligence officers.
Turkey has provided military support and training in Libya to the internationally recognised Government of National Accord, helping it fight off a 14-month assault on the capital Tripoli by eastern Libyan forces led by Khalifa Haftar.
The charges against the journalists centre on articles and social media posts published shortly after President Tayyip Erdogan said in February that Turkey had "several martyrs" in Libya.
According to the indictment, Murat Agirel, a reporter for Yeni Cag newspaper, was the first to reveal the identities of the intelligence officers, sharing names and photos on Twitter and referencing Erdogan's comments.
The indictment accuses the defendants of revealing information related to state security, which carries a sentence of up to 10 years, by revealing the missions as well as the identities of MIT members.
They are also accused of revealing documents and information related to intelligence activities, which carries a sentence of up to 10 years. The defendants deny the accusations, saying they were doing their jobs as journalists.
The independence of the judiciary and pressure on journalists have been debated in Turkey, especially since a crackdown after an attempted coup in 2016.
Critics say the government used the crackdown as pretext to quash dissent, while Erdogan and his AK Party say the measures are necessary given the security risks Turkey faces and that courts make independent decisions.
Turkey ranks among the top jailers of journalists across the world.
Source: Read Full Article


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A Muslim Imam has come under fire for giving hate speech against Jews during one of his sermons. As the major hate crimes taking place against various religions and ethnicities see a spur, the speech from the religious head has come under criticism. Such speeches could lead to further disturbance.
What did the Imam say?
The man in question is Ammar Shanin, who is the Imam of the Islamic Centre at Davis, California. In July, during one of his 52-minute long sermon, he spoke to his disciples about how "Allah" should free the Al-Aqsa mosque from the filth of the Jews and annihilate the very last of them.
Out of the 52–minute long khutbah or sermon, nearly two minutes were hinged on the above hateful words, which were directed toward the entire Jewish Community.
The incident that took place in Al-Aqsa mosque
The Al-Aqsa mosque is in East Jerusalem, Israel and is the holy site for both Muslims and Jews. The Israeli forces recently installed metal detectors at the mosque after the attack on two police officers who were shot dead by Arab forces. The Muslim leaders deemed this to be an insult and called for protests. The whole city of Jerusalem was taken over by protesters and the Israeli forces were forced to remove the metal detectors, which were installed in the first place to ensure the safety of anyone who visited the holy mosque.
There was a major outcry after the sermon and Muslims in the area feared for their safety. The Imam even posted a video of this particular sermon on the mosque's Youtube channel and was criticized by everyone, including people from his own religion. As a religious leader, he should be more responsible for what comes out of his mouth as the disciples consider it to be the word of God himself.
Shanin later apologized to everyone for what he said during the sermon. He said he was apologetic to anyone whose sentiments he had hurt by using such hateful and unkind words. He also tried to cover up the incident by saying that his speech was just directed toward the Jews who were present at Al-Aqsa and not the whole community.
There were people who supported the Imam's remark and justified it by saying that the speech was made under circumstances when the Imam was infuriated because of the whole situation in the mosque. Others asserted that the remark was only made for the Jews in Israel and not the whole community. Irrespective, the incident has stirred a hornet's nest.


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But by weeks two, three, and four, the excuses start piling up. We get it: The gym's out of the blue too crowded, you are too drained to meal-prep, and maybe your biceps are sore in any case these curls Instantly, you might use a shot of motivation and construction to get back on observe. Hill sprints: requires a degree of health to begin with, the exercise is particularly good for the leg muscle mass. Players follow constructive habits and so here his job could be to encourage his gamers and get them on the proper path to health and healthy residing.
Established in 1996, P.T.S. Well being and Health has been leading the best way of fitness for over 20 years within the Montgomery/Princeton area. In response to the World Well being Organisation (WHO) well being is a state of full bodily psychological and social properly- being and not merely the absence of illness or infirmity.
Just ask Carrie Morris, 26, a brand communications specialist from New York City who spends around $500 a month ($6,000 a year), on her favorite boutique fitness courses like spinning at SoulCycle ($34 per class) and boxing at Gotham Gym ($100 monthly).
It encompasses a wide range of health care practices advanced to maintain and restore well being by the prevention and treatment of illness. If the body is functioning extra effectively and more effectively it signifies larger or increased stage of fitness.


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A researcher from Skoltech and his German colleagues have developed a neural network-based classification algorithm that can use data from an apple orchard to predict how well apples will fare in long-term storage. The paper was published in Computers and Electronics in Agriculture.
Before the fruit and vegetables we all like end up on our tables, they have to be stored for quite some time, and during this time they can develop physiological disorders such as flesh browning or superficial scald (brown or black patches on the skin of the fruit). These disorders contribute to the loss of a substantial amount of product, and a lot of research effort is dedicated to the development of robust methods of disorder prediction - a notoriously difficult task due to the multitude of factors involved, both at the orchard and in the storage facility.
Skoltech Assistant Professor Pavel Osinenko (formerly at Automatic Control and System Dynamics Laboratory, Technische Universität Chemnitz) and his colleagues gathered three years' worth of data on a Braeburn apple orchard in Germany, including weather data and information from non-destructive sensors such as visible and near-infrared spectroscopy. The information gathered included data on chlorophyll, anthocyanins, soluble solids and dry matter content. The team also used assessments of fruit quality post-storage (for instance, consumers like their apples nice and firm, so there is a metric for that).
"The experimental orchard was quite normal and the developed methodology can in fact be implemented in industry without much effort," Osinenko says.
The researchers developed a classification algorithm based on a recurrent neural network and trained it on the orchard data. The algorithm ended up being 80% successful in predicting internal browning of apples, the appearance of cavities on the surface and fruit firmness. "This is definitely a success since we are talking about an automated solution that does not require human experts. Of course, more data and tuning are needed, but as a proof of concept, the achieved results are indeed promising," Osinenko notes.
He adds that thanks to the predictive design of the methodology, farmers can use the information from the classifier to get better yield. And the team has already received inquiries about possible collaboration on other types of fruits and even vegetables since this approach can work for them too.
Skoltech is a private international university located in Russia. Established in 2011 in collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Skoltech is cultivating a new generation of leaders in the fields of science, technology and business, is conducting research in breakthrough fields, and is promoting technological innovation with the goal of solving critical problems that face Russia and the world. Skoltech is focusing on six priority areas: data science and artificial intelligence, life sciences, advanced materials and modern design methods, energy efficiency, photonics and quantum technologies, and advanced research. Web: https://www.skoltech.ru/.
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture


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Objective. To use the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to evaluate the contribution of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control in predicting students' intention to attend class lectures in a Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) curriculum in which lecture recordings were available.
Methods. A survey instrument based on the TPB was developed from focus groups with PharmD students. The survey was then distributed to first through third year students at the conclusion of the 2017-2018 academic school year. Respondents were asked to evaluate their beliefs regarding lecture attendance and their intention to attend lectures during the upcoming fall semester. Predictors of intention were evaluated using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses.
Results. Responses from 198 of 383 students contained usable data (52% effective response rate). The TPB constructs of attitude and subjective norm were predictors of high intention to attend lectures. Students with a positive attitude towards lecture attendance (eg, believed that purposeful active learning is desirable and occurs during class) were nearly 30% more likely to have high intention to attend lectures. Students with a positive subjective norm (ie, perceived social pressure from professors and classmates to attend lectures) were 66% more likely to have high intention to attend lectures. Perceived behavioral control was not associated with high intention to attend lectures.
Conclusion. Interventions aimed at improving students' attitudes and subjective norm may be beneficial in improving students' intention to attend class lectures.
Class absenteeism is common in higher education and healthcare professions schools. An average lecture attendance of 50%-60% has been reported among medical, nursing, and pharmacy programs worldwide.1-4 Some studies have shown an association between absenteeism and decreased academic achievement and lower student engagement,5-8 but others have identified weak or no association between absenteeism and student performance.9-11 Regardless, decreased lecture attendance among healthcare professional students is a concern among many faculty members.2,12,13
In studies where asynchronous video recordings of lectures were not yet available to healthcare professions students, factors such as the ability to take one's own notes or the instructor highlighting important points were among the top cited reasons to attend.4,14 With the availability of recordings, these reasons were no longer top motivators for students to come to class, and their decision of whether to come to class involved a more complex "cost-benefit analysis."1,15-19 Lecture attendance was driven more by the anticipated benefit of attendance on learning, a desire to show professionalism, the lecturer's ability to teach, and use of class time.1,15-19 As more pharmacy schools are shifting towards active learning and assessing higher-order thinking skills, students who solely watch recordings may not perform as well as those who attend class and participate in active learning.20,21 In an active-learning environment, students get the opportunity to practice higher-order thinking skills, engage in collaborative learning, take risks, and/or learn teamwork skills.21,22 As the majority of pharmacy faculty members in the United States employ active-learning strategies in the classroom, students need to attend class to experience the benefits of active learning.21,23
Previous studies have described many factors that influence attendance,1,4,14-17 but it is unclear which factors are most determinant of attendance and which interventions can best improve attendance. Previous studies were also not based on a theoretical framework. Use of a theoretical framework allows the investigator to examine a phenomenon through a specific lens and provides a "blueprint" that anchors the study methods and analysis.24 One such framework that has been previously used to understand student and faculty behaviors is the theory of planned behavior (TPB).25-27 A central principle of the TPB is that a person's intention to act is an immediate determinant of their planned behavior. According to the TPB, intention is predicted by three constructs: attitude (perceived consequences of performing a behavior), subjective norm (perceived social pressure to perform the behavior), and perceived behavioral control (the extent to which a person feels able or not able to enact a behavior).28 These constructs are further explained by three underlying beliefs. Behavioral beliefs (beliefs about the consequences of a behavior) explain attitude; normative beliefs (beliefs about how people important to the person want him or her to behave) explain subjective norm; and control beliefs (beliefs about factors that facilitate or impede a behavior) explain perceived behavioral control (Figure 1).28,29
Our primary objective was to use the TPB to evaluate the contribution of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control in predicting students' intention to attend class lectures in a PharmD curriculum in which recordings were available. A secondary objective was to elucidate underlying beliefs that explain students' overall attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control regarding attendance in order to identify those interventions that are most likely to improve attendance.
This study was approved by the institutional review board at the University of Houston and was conducted at the University of Houston College of Pharmacy among students enrolled in a four-year PharmD program. Students in the didactic portion of the curriculum (first-, second-, and third-year students) during the 2017-2018 academic school year were included. At the time of this study, an attendance policy did not exist. Lecture attendance was expected but not mandated or routinely monitored. In-class participation points, pop quizzes, and active learning were employed, but the extent to which they occurred varied between courses. Recording of lectures was implemented in fall 2015, and the lectures were made available online via Mediasite (Sonic Foundry Media Systems Inc., Madison, WI) in 22 of 27 non-skills laboratory-based didactic courses during the study period. Students could access recordings anytime anywhere throughout each semester.
An exploratory, sequential, mixed-methods approach was used.30 The first qualitative phase of the study allowed researchers to garner beliefs regarding attendance among a small sample of PharmD students.31 The students were randomly selected and invited via email to participate in focus groups. A focus group guide with standardized open-ended questions was used to elicit behavioral, normative, and control beliefs related to lecture attendance (Table 2).31-34 Participation was voluntary, and participants gave permission to audio record the discussions. No personal identifiers were linked with the recordings. Two focus groups were conducted with a total of nine second- and third-year PharmD students. Beliefs that were expressed by at least two students were considered modal and were used to construct a survey instrument for use in the second phase of the study.32,35
In the second phase, a survey instrument was designed in accordance with the TPB to quantitatively evaluate factors that influence students' intention to attend lectures among a larger sample of PharmD students.28,31 The survey contained demographic questions to provide context. Behavioral intention, the dependent variable for the primary objective, was assessed by the following item: "I intend to attend lecture [sic] next semester." Predictors of intention (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) were assessed directly and indirectly.31 Direct and indirect measures of these three constructs were created based on Ajzen's guidelines and Francis' instructions for TPB questionnaire development.28,31
Direct measures of attitude were assessed based on three items, subjective norm was assessed based on two items, and perceived behavioral control was assessed based on two items (Table 3). For instance, attitude was measured directly by asking participants the value of attending lectures on a response scale ranging from "useless" to "worthwhile."31 Indirect measures of attitude (seven items), subjective norm (two items), and perceived behavioral control (six items) were constructed based on modal behavioral, normative, and control beliefs, respectively, which were identified during the first phase of the study (Tables 2 and 3).31,32 A pair of survey items was formulated for each modal belief identified. Attitude was measured indirectly by asking students about the strength of behavioral beliefs and outcome evaluations (eg, likelihood for lecturers to read directly from slides and how undesirable or desirable this practice was). Subjective norm was measured indirectly by asking about the strength of normative beliefs and students' motivation to comply (eg, whether professors expect them to attend lectures and how much they want to comply with this expectation). Perceived behavioral control was measured indirectly by asking students about the likelihood of control beliefs to occur and their perceived power to facilitate or impede attendance (eg, likelihood of having work obligations that conflict with lectures and whether this factor facilitates or hinders attendance).
Survey items were answered on a seven-point semantic differential scale (from 1 to 7 or -3 to +3). A response of 1 or -3 was associated with the least favorable opinion and a response of 7 or +3 was associated with the most favorable opinion. A direct composite score for each construct (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control) was calculated by adding scores from all direct items within each construct.
The survey instrument was piloted by 10 students from the first-, second-, and third-year classes. Minor modifications to the survey were made based on their feedback. The final survey instrument was hosted online via Qualtrics (Provo, UT) and a link was emailed to PharmD students after the end of the academic year (early June 2018). Students were asked to answer questions with respect to their planned behavior regarding lecture attendance for the upcoming fall courses. Third-year students who would be starting advanced pharmacy practice experience in the fall were instructed to answer questions as if they were continuing in the didactic curriculum. The survey was voluntary and anonymous and required 10-15 minutes to complete. No incentive was provided for completing the survey. Five reminder emails were sent over the two-week period in which the survey remained open.36
In the first phase of the study, we conducted a deductive content analysis based on the TPB.37,38 Focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim. A categorization matrix consisting of six categories/themes as per the TPB was created: advantages and disadvantages of attending lectures (behavioral beliefs), those who approve or disapprove of attending lectures (normative beliefs), and factors that facilitate or hinder attending lectures (control beliefs). Two researchers separately read and re-read the transcripts. Comments were broken into segments and coded into subcategories representing the beliefs of the participants. The researchers reconciled differences in their lists of subcategories and created a final list of subcategories. The comments were coded into the final subcategories (beliefs) and were grouped into the six categories/themes. Modal beliefs were reported in descending order (Table 2).
In the second phase of the study, descriptive statistics were calculated for each survey item. Data were presented as medians (interquartile range) and assessed using non-parametric statistics because of non-normality. The validity of direct and indirect measures was assessed by calculating correlations between indirect composite scores and their respective direct composite scores using Spearman's rho.28,31 The reliability of direct measures within each construct was confirmed if the Cronbach α was >.7 or if the Spearman rho was significant (p<.05) for constructs with less than three items.39 Analysis of reliability of indirect measures was not performed because various beliefs may be inconsistent with each other.28
To assess our primary objective, direct composite scores of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control were correlated with intention by calculating Spearman rho. Respondents were divided into high and low intention groups based on the median response to the statement, "I intend to attend lecture [sic] next semester," which was a 5 on a range of 1 to 7. Hence, responses >5 were classified as high intention and responses of ≤5 were classified as low intention. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the influence of each construct (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control) on high intention by simultaneously forcing all of the variables into the model.31 Demographic variables were excluded from the regression model because their effects were accounted for in the TPB model through the influence they asserted over the students' behavioral, normative, and control beliefs (Figure 1).28,29 To assess the secondary objective, multiple logistic regressions were used to identify behavioral, normative, or control beliefs that were predictive of high direct composite scores for attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed on SPSS Statistics for Windows v. 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY).
The focus group discussions yielded many modal beliefs that informed students' attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (Table 2). Modal behavioral beliefs (n=16) were more numerous than normative beliefs (n=3) or control beliefs (n=8). Modal beliefs were used to construct the indirect measures of each construct in the final survey.
Of the 383 first- through third-year PharmD students enrolled, 240 responded to the survey (63% response rate). Of these, 198 entries were fully completed and contained usable data (52% effective response rate). Similar to class demographics, respondents were mostly female students in their early twenties, and a little over half held a previous bachelor's degree (Table 1). A majority of respondents had a job and participated in student organizations. The students' median one-way commute time to campus was half an hour. The validity of direct and indirect measures of attitude and subjective norm was confirmed based on the correlations between indirect composite scores of each construct and their respective direct composite scores: Spearman rho, rs, 0.50 (p<.001) and 0.49 (p<.001), respectively. The validity of indirect measures of perceived behavioral control was not confirmed as the correlation between indirect and direct composite scores of perceived behavioral control was not significant: Spearman rho, rs, 0.074 (p=NS). The reliability of direct measures within each construct was confirmed: the Cronbach α coefficient for attitude items was 0.88 and the Spearman rho, rs, for subjective norm items was 0.49 (p<.001), and 0.27 for perceived behavioral control items (p<.001).
With respect to our primary objective, we found that 96 respondents had high intention to attend lectures (ie, response of >5 out of 7 in response to the statement "I intend to attend lecture next semester."), while 102 students had low intention to attend lectures. Respondents had a moderately positive attitude towards attending lectures (median attitude composite score of 15 out of a possible score range of 3 to 21), felt moderate social pressure to attend lectures (median subjective norm composite score of 10 out of a possible score range of 2 to 14), and felt capable of attending lectures (median perceived behavioral control composite score of 12 out of a possible score range of 2 to 14) (Table 3). Attitude and subjective norm were highly correlated with intention (Spearman rho, rs, 0.74 and 0.76, respectively), while perceived behavioral control was not as highly correlated with intention (rs, 0.41). Nevertheless, significance was confirmed in each instance (p<.001) (Table 4). In the logistic regression model, only attitude and subjective norm were predictors of high intention to attend lectures (Table 5).
To assess our secondary objective (ie, elucidate beliefs that explain each construct), two multiple logistic regressions were performed. Model 1 assessed which behavioral beliefs were predictive of a favorable attitude. Model 2 assessed which normative beliefs were predictive of a strong positive subjective norm. We did not analyze which control beliefs were predictive of a strong perceived behavioral control because the validity of the control belief items was not confirmed, as explained above, and perceived behavioral control was not predictive of intention. Attitude was classified as favorable or unfavorable based on the median attitude composite score (15 out of 21). Behavioral beliefs that were predictive of a favorable attitude towards attending lectures (ie, an attitude composite score of ≥15 out of 21) included the belief that attending lectures would result in less study time for that particular lecture material (AOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.08-1.19) and the belief that lectures contain interactive exercises with relevant applications (AOR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.20). Positive subjective norm was classified as weak vs strong based on the median subjective norm composite score (10 out of 14). Normative beliefs that were predictive of a strong positive subjective norm towards attending lectures (ie, a subjective norm composite score of ≥10 out of 14) were perceived expectations of professors (AOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.16-1.33) and classmates (AOR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.18).
This study reports the first use of the TPB to assess predictors of student intention to attend lectures in a PharmD curriculum in which students have access to recorded lecture. Attitude and subjective norm were the most important constructs that predicted intention to attend lectures. This was demonstrated by the high correlation coefficients between direct measures of attitude and subjective norm with intention (rs >.7 for each), as well as by logistic regression in which attitude and subjective norm were predictors of high intention to attend lectures. These results are corroborated by previous reports that students were likely to attend lectures despite the availability of recordings if there was a perceived additional benefit of attendance (ie, positive attitude), such as having an engaging lecturer, doing interactive activities that aid in understanding and application of the material, or earning participation points for engaging in active-learning exercises.15,17,40 Similarly, a desire to demonstrate professionalism and fulfill the attendance expectations of professors (ie, positive subjective norm) have also been identified as major reasons for lecture attendance regardless of recording availability.4,11,14,15,17 In this study, perceived behavioral control was not a predictor of high intention to attend lectures. This could be because of the inadequacy of the survey in capturing this construct as the two items that directly measured perceived behavioral control had the lowest internal consistency. However, this finding is consistent with studies which showed that issues affecting students' abilities to attend lectures (ie, perceived behavioral control), such as competing priorities, have not been reported as major reasons for absenteeism in settings where recordings are available.4,14,15,17
Our focus groups identified modal beliefs that have not been previously highlighted elsewhere in the literature, such as the perception that some classmates may disapprove if a student attends class (for instance, a student said "bitter people" who are behind in their studies may give someone who is doing well a hard time for attending class), free food being a motivating factor to attend lectures, and optional student organization meetings/events held during class time being a hindering factor to attend a lecture. One student perceived that one organization would show "a little bit of an attitude if [one] chooses to go to class" instead of the organization event. Another student said they would choose to attend an event instead of attending class. This poses several questions, including why students choose to go to an optional organizational event instead of attending class and whether such events should be allowed to be held during class time.
We sought to determine behavioral beliefs and normative beliefs that were predictive of students' attitudes and subjective norms, respectively, as these constructs were predictive of high intention to attend class lectures. Behavioral beliefs that were predictive of a favorable attitude towards attending lectures were the belief that attending lectures would result in having less study time for the material presented in that particular lecture and the belief that a lecture might include interactive exercises that had relevant applications. These beliefs suggest that possible interventions to improve attendance include making class truly a time for student learning and incorporating active-learning exercises that are relevant to examination questions and real-world practice.13 This can be achieved through various methods such as a flipped classroom approach, team-based learning, and problem-based learning.13
Two normative beliefs (perceived expectations of professors and classmates regarding attendance) were predictive of a strong positive subjective norm. This suggests that increasing "social pressure" to attend class lectures via an attendance policy or by instituting a culture change such that attendance becomes the norm would improve attendance. Whether attendance should be mandated is beyond the scope of this paper. Previous papers have highlighted arguments for both sides, but all agree that attendance does not equate learning.41-43
In summary, this study highlighted the determining factors when students weigh all the "costs" and "benefits" of attending class. The fact that perceived behavioral control was not predictive of intention suggests that behavioral and normative beliefs that shape students' attitudes and subjective norm may be more important determinants of attendance than control beliefs that facilitate attendance (eg, pop quizzes) or control beliefs that hinder attendance (eg, long commute). If lectures are valuable to students' learning and attendance is expected and/or part of the culture at a college, this study suggests students most likely will attend class despite control beliefs that may hinder their ability to do so (eg, commute, early morning class, work/family obligations).
This study has limitations. First, biases intrinsic to survey-based research are possible, such as social desirability, self-reporting, and non-response biases. Second, using actual lecture attendance as a dependent variable in the study would have been ideal but was not possible because attendance was not routinely monitored. Third, students reported their intention to attend lectures in general, but it is likely that a student's actual lecture attendance varies from course to course. Additionally, third-year students represented half of the respondents, but a post-hoc analysis revealed that findings were not different when third-year students were excluded. Fourth, the single-center nature of this study limits the external validity of the results. Compared to students nationally who were enrolled in a PharmD program in fall 2017, a greater percentage of our respondents were female (76% vs 63%) and held a prior bachelor's degree (58% vs 39%).44 Finally, the lack of association between perceived behavioral control and intention might be a true finding or the result of inadequate capture of this construct.
The theory of planned behavior model was used to determine the main predictors of students' intention to attend lectures in a PharmD program in which asynchronous lecture recordings were available. Attitude and subjective norm were most predictive of students' high intention to attend lectures. These findings may inform the development of interventions aimed at increasing the perceived advantages of attending lectures and "social pressure" from professors and classmates to attend lectures. Future studies are needed to assess the impact of such interventions on actual student lecture attendance.
Note: Dr. Skoglund was an infectious diseases fellow and Dr. Fleming was an associate professor at the University of Houston College of Pharmacy during the time this study was conducted.
- Received February 7, 2019.
- Accepted September 29, 2019.
- © 2020 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy


text:
90 years of history
Currently Raben Group has its own branches in 13 European countries, it offers approximately 1,200,000 m2 of warehouse capacity, employs over 10,000 employees and each day dispatches over 8,500 trucks on the roads of Europe. However, it all started really inconspicuously with a small Dutch family business.
Today, the values characteristic of family-owned organizations are still important to us, which positively affects employee engagement and partnership cooperation with customers.
The company origins
The company dates back to 1931, when in the small town of Winterswijk in the Netherlands, Jan W. Raben, grandfather of the current CEO, started to transport products of the local farmers to the market. He started a company, which is a global brand today.
Theo Raben takes over the helm of the company
The next milestone in the history of Raben Group was when the founder's son, Theo Raben, took over the helm of the company in 1960 and extensively developed e.g. the transport of textiles to and from Poland.
The first step abroad
The first step abroad was taken by the founder's grandson – the current CEO, Ewald Raben. He knew the company inside out; he washed trucks on Saturdays already at the age of ten and he worked as a truck driver when he was in college, driving to Poland, among others. He sensed the wind of change in the late 1980s and told his parents that he was emigrating to Poland to open a logistics business under his family name as a 22-year-old. After the transformation of 1989, he spotted the opportunity for development and set off to Poland with the aim of setting up a depot. At that time he bought a map of Poland and marked twelve locations which were to become branches in different parts of the country. In 1991, he opened the first branch of his family business in Poland. The company was originally located in Baranowo near Poznań and it employed 12 people. It had only one warehouse leased from the Automotive Works in Poznań.
First warehouse
Start of construction of the first own warehouse in Gądki near Poznań.
Launch of Fresh Logistics
Raben sets up Fresh Logistics which specializes in servicing fresh products which require controlled temperature from 0 to +6 in the whole supply chain.
Ewald Raben becomes CEO of Raben Group
Opening of Raben in Ukraine
Raben companies start their operations in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia
German company Birkart Systemverkehre GmbH becomes a member of Raben Group
Raben launches sea and air freight services
Setto joins Raben Group
A family company operating in the Czech Republic and Slovakia becomes part of the Group.
Czech company Transkam Logistik joins Raben Group
Raben Group starts operation in Hungary
Acquisition from Wincanton of the German road network and companies in Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia
Raben Trans European Czech (formerly Wincanton), Raben Logistics Czech and Transkam Logistik are merged into Raben Logistics Czech s.r.o.
Ewald Raben receives the E&Y Award "Entrepreneur of the Year"
Fresh Logistics Polska joins the European Food Network
Raben Logistic Germany, Raben Trans European Germany, Eli Transport are merged into one company – Raben Trans European Germany GmbH
HRL Eurocargo, Balter Group and Spedition Weisshaupt from Germany join Raben Group
Further acquisitions in Germany: GS Frachtlogistik, Peter Spedition and Scheffler Spedition become part of the Raben Group
Raben starts operations in Romania
Raben East is established and complements Raben Group portfolio with international road transport services, including regular groupage connections with Eastern countries.
Raben Group in Germany acquires branches of: Rhenus in Fellbach, SCHMALZ+SCHÖN Logistik Gruppe in Kamen and Busse Logistik in Kassel
Raben Group acquires a 20%-share in Italian SITTAM
Launch of own transport network in Germany
January 2018 brings about the launch of own independent transport network consisting of 32 depots and 46 locations, employing close to 3,000 employees and using a fleet of approximately 2,000 vehicles. This undertaking is a milestone for Raben Trans European Germany because it put the company in the position in which it can offer independent transport and forwarding services to customers throughout the country and on international connections. The launch of own network is possible thanks to organic growth and acquisitions of local logistics companies carried out since the end of 2016.
Raben Group acquires TGL TransportLogistik in Schüttorf, Germany
In September Raben Trans European Germany opens its new headquarters in Mannheim and expands its branch in Gütersloh.
In March, Ewald Raben, CEO Raben Group, is awarded the LEO 2018 title in the "Entrepreneur of the Year" category by Deutsche Verkehrs-Zeitung
In April, Raben Logistics Czech officially opens its new headquarters in Nupaky near Prague
The new logistics centre with the capacity of over 27,000 m2, located in the strategically positioned CTPark Prague East, is one of the most modern facilities of this sector in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It consists of warehouses with a total capacity exceeding 20,000 m2, including a warehouse with controlled temperature, an independent cross-dock warehouse with the capacity of over 5,000 m2 and offices with an area of 650 m2. The new headquarters of Raben Czech boast not only modern solutions and high safety standards, but also the unique, green and ecological surroundings.
Raben Group officially becomes a partner company of the Responsible Business Forum
In March the annual RBF publication "Responsible Business in Poland. Good practices" is published, which exemplifies 16 CSR actions of the leader in logistics.
Raben Group acquires 51% of the shares of the Italian company SITTAM which officially becomes member of Raben Group and changes its name into Raben SITTAM
In May, Raben Group commissions a modern warehouse with the capacity of 21,000 m2 in Robakowo near Poznań
Thanks to the new investment, Raben Group now uses 120,000 m2 of warehouse capacity in the logistics centre in Gądki, 185,000 pallet places, close to 18,000 m2 of cross-docking area and 5,000 m2 of production area. Raben Logistics Polska also opens a branch in Kielce.
In May, the President of the Management Board of Raben Group – Ewald Raben is awarded the Medal of the 100th Anniversary of Regaining Independence for his contribution to the development of the Polish economy
Raben family has a new member – Bulgaria
This means that since November the company has been operating in Europe on 13 markets and it has a network of 150 branches. The international HUB in Sofia and direct, daily connections with a partner network of six warehouses across the country not only allow for efficient operations in this market, but also open up new opportunities for development in the south-eastern part of the continent.
In November Raben Group signs and agreement regarding the acquisition of the German group Fenthol & Sandtmann,
which includes FKL & Kraftverkehr Ehrig. Raben acquires the remaining 50% of the shares of the company it cooperated with on a joint venture basis since 2011, which now makes it its sole shareholder. As a result of the transaction Raben Group takes over the distribution centres of Fenthol & Sandtmann in Hamburg, Erlensee, Leipzig and Dresden, including the employees. In addition, Raben in Germany is expanded with two new branches in Schüttorf in Lower Saxony and Neumünster in Schleswig-Holstein. The two-and-a-half-year-long extension of the Eisenach depot comes to an end.