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III. State of sleep characterized by fast cortical activity paradoxical sleep
B. Electrophysiological Aspects
Paradoxical sleep (see Fig. 1) in an unrestrained normal adult cat takes place after a variable period of slow sleep. It appears then periodically during slow sleep, and mean duration is 6 min (but periods from 15 to 20 min can be frequently recorded). Its percentage in comparison with the duration of be havioral sleep is from 20 to 25% (about 15% for a period of 24 hr) (120) (see Table I). As in the behavioral aspects, it is also possible to recognize in the electrical cerebral activity during PS two major components tonic (fast cortical ac tivity and regular theta hippocampal activity) and phasic (monophasic ponto geniculo-occipItal. spike activity associated with rapid eye movements).
TABLE 1. Stability of sleep patterns of the cat calculated with method of continuous polygraphic recordings
Modified from refs. 120 and 413 (in parentheses). Means and SD were obtained in g animals (120) and in 8 animals (413).
Tonic activity
Tonic activity is characterized by a neocortical diencephalic and mesence phalic low-voltage fast activity (20-30 cycles/sec), which is similar to the cortical desynchronization that usually accompanies intense arousal or attention states (analysis of cortical EEG frequencies does not always allow a discrimination between both types of activity) (79, 342, 420). However, some electrical local cortical and subcortical activity enables us to discriminate the electric cerebral activity of PS from that of behavioral arousal. The appearance of a continuous theta rhythm at the level of the ventral and dorsal hippocampus is most characteristic (85, 188, 240, 288, 289, 342, 350, 351). It is steadier and faster (5-7 cycles/ sec) than that observed during intense wakefulness (4-4.5 cycles/sec) at the level of the dorsal hippocampus (but it can be recorded also in the ventral hippocampus where theta rhythm occurs only occasionally during intense arousal). The hippocampal activity seems to have an autonomous reactivity. Indeed, the sensory stimulations may involve a fast hippocampal activity without any shift of cortical activity. Yet sometimes a short burst of cortical spindles may accompany the archeocortical activation. Theta rhythm has been also recorded at the level of the pulvinar (12), the periacqueductal grey matter (240), and the anterior part of the pons at the level of the limbic midbrain area (242). The olfactory bulb activity shifts also in a characteristic way, for the sinusoid rhythm from so to 60 cycles/sec, observed during arousal, disappears during PS (154, 263, 270).
Unit activity and steady potential. The PS cortico-subcortical fast activity is accompanied by an important increase of unit activity compared with slow sleep and even with arousal.
At the level of the cerebral cortex, the frequency of the discharges increases (139, 140). Evarts (142) has studied the discharges of the pyramidal tract neurons. Their total statistical activity remains the same during arousal and PS (just as the integrated background of pyramidal tract activity increases at the same level as wakefulness during PS) (20). Yet the bursts of increasing unit activity occurring during the phasic movements of PS are different from those of arousal. Evarts suggests this difference in pattern indicates a disinhibition of the inhibitory cortical interneurons even more important than that occurring during slow sleep, which would involve a "disorganization" of the cortical unit activity during PS (139), At the level of the mesencephalic tegmentum, the increased unit activity is important too (often twice as much as during a relaxed wakefulness). According to Huttenlocher (223, 224), occlusion but not inhibition would account for the decrease in unit responses to clicks in the RF during PS. The results concerning the steady cortical potentials are not in agreement. In the rat, Caspers (97) observes a positive shift at the onset of PS (therefore in the same direction as slow sleep). On the other hand, Dement (125), Rossi et al. (385), and Wurtz (442) in the cat and Kawamura and Sawyer (265) in the rabbit have noticed a negative shift (therefore in the same direction as in cortical arousal). These last findings agree with the shifts of cortical and subcortical impedance (50), which are similar to those observed in arousal. Thus PS seems to be the appearance of a state qualitatively different from that of slow sleep.
Phasic activity
The very close relationship between the electrical phasic activity and the visual system makes it necessary to study these in the same section.
Rapid eye movements. Rapid eye movements (REM) appear at the onset of the cortical activation. From 60 to 70 movements a minute, their rapidity and frequency, their "pattern," enables us to distinguish them from the movements of observation during waking (229-231). Either isolated or in groups of small bursts of less than 5 movements (as can be noticed also during observation), they are mainly characterized by the presence of bursts including more than 5 movements (up to 50 closely following one another). The ratio between the total number of the movements and those within the bursts is constant in every animal (50 %) during PS (231). The myosis is maximal most of the time (240), whereas the nictitating membranes are relaxed. Yet, at times, a sudden mydriasis with retraction of the nictitating membranes may accompany the volleys of ocular movements (46, 47, 212). This phasic pupillary dilatation remains even after ablation of the superior cervical ganglia and therefore must be ascribed to an inhibition of the tonic activity of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus (46, 47). The analysis of the structures responsible for the appearance of eye movements isolated and in bursts has given the following results (231) the pontine cat (superior colliculus destroyed) has only isolated lateral and external movements (depending on the VIth nerve); in the mesencephalic cat (superior colliculus intact) more important bursts of ocular movements persist. On the contrary, the coagulation of a zone located at the level of the superior colliculus and of the mesencephalic tegmentun in the intact animal suppresses the bursts. These bursts, in turn, are much increased in the decorticate animal. But the role of the cortex is not unequivocal, because the removal of the visual cortex strikingly reduces the isolated eye movements and the bursts, whereas a frontal decortication or a frontal leucotomy produces a very marked increase in these bursts.
It has recently been shown that the destruction of the medial and descending vestibular nuclei suppressed also the burst of REM, whereas isolated eye movements were still present during PS. Those nuclei in which unit activity is increased during PS (53) apparently control most of the phasic phenomena of PS (322).
Thus, the REM of PS belong to mechanisms different from those of wake fulness since they still exist in preparations utterly incapable of ocular movements during arousal (such as decorticate or pontine cats) just as they are present during PS in newborn kittens that are still blind (422, 423). The results support the hypothesis that these ocular movements are triggered at the level of the vestibular nuclei and that a growing "complexity" is involved at the level of the superior colliculi and of the mesencephalic tegmentum, whereas processes of "cortical integration" (facilitating visual cortex and inhibitory frontal cortex) would impinge back on the latter zone (231).
Phasic electrical ponto-geniculo-occipItal. activity. The difficulties and delays of a wide and systematic exploration of the cortical and subcortical structures in chronic experiments explain why it took several years before a link was obvious between the "spontaneous" phasic potentials observed during PS. First described at the level of the pontine RF (254), 200- to 300-,uv monophasic spikes 100 msec in duration, often occurring in groups of 5-6 (hence their look of pseudo-spindles), could be observed later at the level of the lateral geniculate nucleus (74, 196, 315) (Fig. 2) and at the level of the occipItal. cortex (334), the superior colliculus and the nucleus of III (74, 312), the pulvinar and the parietal cortex afterward (207). Pontine and geniculate phasic spikes are the first electric signs heralding the appearance of a PS episode. They may appear 1-2 min before the cortical activation and the disappearance of the neck EMG (74, 312) and sometimes occur erratically during slow sleep. They may occur sporadically during 5 % of slow sleep time (429), and usually during PS they have a frequency of 60-70 min.
The latency between the monophasic pontine potentials and the geniculate potentials is very short (5 msec) (52). Geniculate evoked responses having the same pattern as spontaneous spikes can be evoked (gating effect) through stimulation of the pontine RF during PS (then they have a 25- to 35-msec latency) (52). But it is impossible to evoke geniculate responses through stimulation of the pons during arousal or slow sleep. The selective triggering of the ponto-geniculo-occipItal. (PGO) activity by reserpine (119) has recently allowed the study of the organization of the PGO activity in acute experiments using Flaxedil (227, 248) (see below).
The relationship between this phasic activity and the REM is not simple neither darkness nor coagulation of the retina (47), nor even complete removal of the eyes and of the extraocular muscles (312), suppresses these PGO spikes (at least during the 2 or 3 days after the operation). Therefore, this activity cannot be considered a possible feedback of a retinal "on and off" effect of extrinsic muscular origin. Moreover, this phasic activity appears 30 or go sec before the ocular movements at the onset of PS. There sometimes may be ocular movements without any recorded activity of spikes, but in most cases there is a close time relationship between the phasic PGO spikes and the muscular activity of the extrinsic muscles (314); the latter mainly occurs in phasic bursts, whereas there is a tonic component during arousal.
These data are in favor of there being an ascending pontine extraretinal projection at the level of the lateral geniculate and the occipItal. cortex. Similar extraretinal input to the lateral geniculate body has been noticed after stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation or the labyrinth (258). Besides, lesions of the occipItal. cortex can show signs of degeneration at the level of the pontine RF [raphe nucleus and nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (136)], thus favoring the existence of a system of projection between the pons and the visual cortex.
Whatever the complex organization of the extraretinal input to the lateral geniculate body might be, it is very likely that the optic tract terminals are in volved in the genesis of geniculate monophasic spikes. Indeed these spikes disappear some 6 days after enucleation of both orbits (232, 333) or retinal photocoagulation (51) though REM's and pontine spikes persist (333). The time course of wave disappearance corresponds to that of optic nerve degeneration. The hypothesis that PGO spikes could be induced by the release of monoamines at monoaminergic terminals impinging on pontine neurons or on optic tract terminals in the lateral geniculate is summarized below (119, 248).
Unit activity. The unit activity of the occipItal. cortex strikingly increases during PS in comparison with slow sleep. This increase of the discharges reaches its peak during eye movements, even while the animal is in the dark. It can be compared then to the discharges recorded during visual observation (140). These unit discharges during PS may be the unitary translation of the monophasic spikes recorded with macroelectrodes, although the latter were not recorded. On the other hand, at the level of the optic nerve, there is an important decrease of unit activity during slow sleep and PS (41) that contrasts with the increase of activity at the level of the lateral geniculate nucleus and of the mesencephalic reticular formation during PS (224). However, a transitory arrest of the spon taneous activity of l2 % of geniculate units belonging to on-off and off-on cells) was observed during monophasic spikes by Bizzi (51).
Evoked responses
Though the interpretation of the various components (early or late) of the evoked cortical responses is still a matter of discussion, the purpose of many experiments has been to analyze their shifts during the various states of sleep. The results are different according to the specific systems that have been stimulated, the nature of the stimuli, the cortical areas studied, and the methods used to estimate the results. The use of automatic techniques, which is rapidly spreading, to record averages by means of a "memory computer" has greatly simplified the task of experimenters. But in working out an average amplitude (founded on series of 50-100 responses) some significant short-lasting shifts may be concealed (for example, during some phasic events of PS). We shall briefly survey the responses evoked by physiological stimuli at the level of the receptors (shocks, clicks, flashes) and those evoked by electric stimulation of the afferent specific or non specific pathways or relays during the two states of sleep.
Responses evoked by stimulation of receptors.
AUDITORY SYSTEM. The decrease and variability of the primary (fast) and secondary (late) responses during slow sleep compared to arousal have long been known (68). There is no noticeable variation in amplitude at the level of the ascending relays. On the other hand, the responses decrease in amplitude in the mesencephalic RF compared with relaxed wakefulness (440)
During PS the amplitude of the cortical responses shows a decrease (240, 440) comparable to the one observed in intense arousal. The decrease in amplitude is also noticeable at the level of the mesencephalic tegmentum and has been ascribed to an occlusion phenomenon (223). At the level of the cochlear nucleus the responses may disappear, especially during REM bursts (240). This amplitude reduction is not noticed after section of the middle-ear muscles and must therefore be ascribed to a peripheral phenomenon (34, 13l ) and not to the intervention of a possible central control of afferent activity.
SOMESTHETIC SYSTEM. Whereas the cortical evoked responses to the radial nerve stimulation increase during slow sleep (the associative responses, mainly), in PS the amplitude of the responses increases during the early phase in comparison with slow sleep, but decreases in the late phase (16, 342).
VISUAL SYSTEM. A decrease in cortical evoked responses to flashes of light has been observed during PS, and a total depression of evoked responses was described whenever spontaneous geniculo-occipItal. spikes occurred (51, 334).
Responses evoked by stimulation of specific afferent pathways. The most permanent fact is the increase in the cortical response to the stimulation of an afferent pathway or of a specific thalamic nucleus [optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus, medial lemniscus, nucleus ventralis postero lateralis (VPL), medial geniculate nucleus] in comparison with slow sleep. This phenomenon is similar to the facilitation of the cortical responses by reticular stimulation (69, 134). According to some authors, the increase of the responses is similar to those observed during intense arousal (106, 110, 342, 346). For others, on the contrary, this facilitation is even more dramatic (357, 385). All the findings reveal an increase in the first phase of the responses compared with slow sleep, whereas contradictory results are obtained concerning the late phase of the visual response (110, 145). Some experiments suggest that the facilitation of the responses may take place at the thalamic level (155, 156), whereas others favor facilitation at the cortical level (26, 110, 342, 385). The most interesting results concern the interaction between the spontaneous phasic geniculo-occipItal. activity and orthodromic and antidromic responses of the optic tract. A reduction in optic tract orthodromic response and an increase in optic tract antidromic response to lateral geniculate stimulation (whereas flash-evoked responses were depressed in the lateral geniculate and in the cortex, though not in the optic tract) are consistent with the occurrence of presynaptic inhibition at optic tract terminals during the monophasic spikes that occur during REM (51,226). On the other hand, the increase in the postsynaptic component of the evoked lateral geniculate responses during the spontaneous spikes favors the existence of facilitation at the postsynaptic side (226). This mechanism may explain why the decrease in flash-evoked cortical responses is observed during PS at the same time that a facilitation of the geniculate-induced cortical responses is obtained.
Responses evoked by stimulation of nonspecific systems. The recruiting response elicited by a low frequency stimulation of the diffuse thalamic system (increasing a great deal during slow sleep) is very much reduced in PS (342,385,444). This reduction is achieve to alevel comparable to (385) or even lower than that during arousal (420,446).
The data of theses experiments have been discussed in detail elsewhere (110,385). They enable us to draw a rather surprising conclusion : that the cortical excitabitiliy would be much enhanced during PS to alevel that may even be superior to that of intense arousal.


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Wild Snack Cup
Medium sized cup, perfect for a little snack with boiled wild grains and tasty herbs, a sort of wild version of tabouli. Beautiful colors created by the rocks and ashes glazes.
Made from a mix of local clay and clay mined in Southern California.
Glazes made from rocks collected in the mountains and white "chalk" foraged in the Mojave desert. The rocks are slowly broken and ground by hand into a fine powder then mixed with various amounts of pinyon pine and scrub oak ashes to create different hues. The whole process is quite lengthy, and several firings are often required.
Mixed building techniques – Wheel and hand building
Fired at cone 6 (2200 °F – 1204 °C) using my electric kiln.
Diameter 4 inches (10 cm)
Height: 2.5 inches (6 cm)
Weight: 7.5 oz (213 gr)
Don't forget to read the section about pottery care.
Shipping Information: I use USPS Priority mail for shipping within the US and USPS Priority International mail for international customers. Packages go out three to seven business days from the day of purchase.
Priority mail takes two to five days to deliver in the US. International orders may take much longer to arrive.
Refunds will be offered if the item is damaged during shipment. Send me and email and photos clearly indicating the extent of damage to the box, packing materials, and item.
Either a full refund, exchange, or store credit in the same amount will be made.

subset: commoncrawl


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Celebrity chef and TV presenter James Martin is putting his popular license porcelain with Denby through its paces this month in a series of live shows throughout the country. The 'James Martin – On the Road … Again' tour sees the superstar cook take to the stage at 22 venues. …Read More »
Horwood supports James Martin's tour
Celebrity chef and TV presenter James Martin is returning to theatres around the country this month, following the success of his 2016 tour. 'James Martin – On the Road… Again' sees James bring the experiences of his hit TV series 'James Martin's French Adventure', 'James Martin's American Adventure' and …Read More »
Hobbycraft's sewing ambassador is touring stores
Hobbycraft's sewing ambassador Libby Rose is on the road this summer in a mission to get the nation sewing. She will travelling to Hobbycraft stores across the country to run sewing workshops for all ages, at beginner and intermediate levels. Libby is an accomplished sewer and seamstress who regularly teaching …Read More »


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We are delighted to announce that TK Maxx is now open for business on Monday 22nd June. TK Maxx's team were working hard last week to open for the 22nd June. They have excellent social distancing measures in place and they are limiting the number of people that are allowed in their store at any one time. Since they opened they have been handling the volumes excellently. They are open from 10.30 am daily. They have confirmed that they will be open until 8pm on Thursday and 9pm on Friday.
OnLY reOPEN Saturday 20th June
Only reopen Saturday the 20th June at 11am in the Showgrounds. We are delighted to have them back. We had a sneak peek at some of their new Spring summer styles and they look amazing.
Name It, Golden Discs and Vila will all reopen on Monday 15th June. Pamela Scott will follow on Tuesday 14th June. We look forward to having them back and we ask all customers to pay attention to their social distancing procedures for your own health & safety. We will be posting our store opening dates once they are confirmed with us.
ARGOS are BACK OPEN
Customers, we are delighted to tell you that Argos are back open from Friday 22nd May. They have a slightly different system where you will need to go online to reserve an item before you can collect it in store. Once you select a product online their system will ten look to see if they have it in stock. If they have it in the store then you will receive a text to collect your reservation. If the store do not have it in stock then you will receive the text when it has arrived. This will ensure that there is a smooth flow while buyng an item and that everyone is safe. At the moment the system is a complete success and everyone is getting their product quickly and safely.


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Maestro Asks: 'How Serious is Your PMS Provider About Service?'
Markham, Ontario — As independent hoteliers work diligently to prepare for reopening, many are struggling to get the support they need to ensure their property-management systems and integrated solutions are ready for guests' return. Those who are dissatisfied with their provider's lack of customer service are turning to Maestro, known industrywide for its Diamond Plus service. The cloud and on-premise PMS provider offers a comprehensive suite of services and tools designed to maximize operational efficiency and staff productivity backed by a 24/7 call center; free version upgrades; on demand live one-on-one refresher training; in application live chat, online user guides, tutorials and direct email support; complimentary live learning webinars; an e-Learning user website; and professional productivity audits.
"Many independent hoteliers tell us they are feeling dissatisfied and neglected when it comes to service from their legacy PMS providers," said Warren Dehan, Maestro President. "Calls are not being answered or are provided in limited hours and from offshore centers, messages are not being returned, and requests for software upgrades to support today's touchless technologies are not being accommodated. They say they are looking for a service culture change."
"We entered into the custom software development business 42 years ago not to create IT problems for business owners, but to solve them," he said. "Software can get complicated, especially in today's hotel environment where integrations to 20-plus systems is not uncommon. As technologists, we found a way to make hoteliers' IT lives easier. We built stable products that don't require constant fixing; developed a service culture centered around accessibility that enables people to access live agents, live chat support, and online training at their own pace; and we offer lifetime version upgrades and enhancements as part of our subscription fees because we believe hoteliers should never be forced to purchase a PMS system again when technology changes occur."
Satisfied Customer Says It All
Although Maestro's touchless technologies and apps are widely popular today amidst COVID-19, it's the company's Diamond Plus Service that is keeping its customers loyal for the long term. The Grove Hotel in Boise, Idaho, has been a Maestro PMS user for more than a decade. General Manager Steve Steading said hands down, Maestro's Diamond Plus service is better than any other PMS support offering in the market – and he said he is familiar with most.
"On the rare chance that we need to call Maestro for help, we know that 99 percent of the time, someone will answer the call within the first few rings," Steading said. "Their service culture is unlike anything I have ever experienced; it's by far the best in this business. Most of our front desk staff who work within the Maestro PMS are of the 18 to 24 age range, and they have a quick understanding of how to work in a web environment. Onboarding and training for them is exceptionally easy. They can check guests in or out as needed, and then resume watching training videos or listing to webcasts in Maestro's eLearning Center. It really allows us to be more flexible with time management while maintaining the highest levels of guest service.
"What also sets Maestro apart from other PMS providers is its free lifetime upgrades," he said. "That's just not something that is typically offered by other companies today; usually hotels have to pay the upgrade cost upfront or it is absorbed by the subscription fee. This is a big plus for us, especially in today's economy with lower-than-normal occupancies. Because Maestro doesn't nickel and dime us for every little add on, we are able to leverage some of the newer contactless technologies that today's travelers are demanding and invest in more modules to further improve on our operational efficiencies. The bottom line is that Maestro saves us money, time, and headaches. We couldn't be more pleased."
Touchless Tools, Contactless Installation
Maestro's touchless technologies are designed to reduce or eliminate the need for physical contact between guests and staff. The integrated suite of modules and third-party vendor integration solutions include web/mobile/kiosk check-in with mobile key integration, online prepayment portal, express mobile check-out, electronic signature capture, and configurable 48-hour room availability that creates gaps in room reservation spacing to allow time for complete room sanitization. Mobile Spa Provider Schedule, Mobile Intake and Waiver Forms for Guests, and eSignature Document Management are just a few of the many additional tools available now with more being developed in response to client demand.
Dehan said his sales team fields calls daily from prospects complaining that their current PMS provider does not have a contactless technology offering, does not have a responsive client first service culture or because they are being required to move from an on-premise solution to one that is cloud based. Maestro takes the challenge out of deciding between limited options by offering flexible and scalable deployment options with an identical full-featured web browser or windows solution available cloud hosted, on premise, or can be deployed in a client's private cloud. Plus, its revenue-generating hotel management software tools and services increase profitability, drive direct bookings, centralize operations and provide personalized and mobile guest service tools to enhance and digitize the guest journey.


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This video is taken from the EME Learning Track on Ansys Innovation Courses.
The propagation sweep tool automates the propagation for a range of cell group spans and collects
the user s matrix for each point in the sweep.
This is very useful for characterizing length-dependent transmission and reflection properties as
shown in My First Simulation section where we used it to get conversion efficiency as
a function of taper length.
Monitors do not record any results during the propagation sweep.
So, the propagation settings for error diagnostics and update monitors don't affect the sweep
speed or the results.
To set up the propagation sweep, first choose which group span to sweep from the "parameter"
dropdown menu.
Specify the range of group spans by setting the start and stop values.
Set the interval between sweep points, or the number of points in the sweep range.
Press the "eme sweep" button to run.
Once the sweep is done, use the "visualize eme sweep" button to plot the user s matrix.
The parameter sweep performs the propagation step for each sweep point.
However, the modes don't need to be re-calculated at each point, making it considerably fast.
For sweeping other parameters where modes need to be re-calculated for each point in the
sweep, use Optimizations and Sweeps tool.


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The ongoing pandemic brings an overwhelming amount of business critical information to deal with. Our tax, legal and labour-law experts are constantly monitoring the updates and latest industry news to provide you with a reliable source of information. They also offer you guidance by implementation of changes and help you manage any risks involved.
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Occupational Therapy is influenced by The Activity Theory because it helps to promote independence. An OT's typical day would be that they teach their patient a self-care task i. e. dressing, grooming or personal hygiene. They could also teach their patients therapeutic activities such as balance, coordination or a reaching task, or help them with a therapeutic exercise which helps to improve their flexibility, strength and movement.
All of these tasks will aid the patient in their everyday life, making it easier for them to do the things they want this could be to brush their own teeth, use the restroom by themselves and even dress themselves without any help.
An OT really helps to do this because they tailor their treatments to each patient they have. This helps the patient to get the most out of the treatment and rather than just get back their movements they had before they overall improve it with the treatments.
An OT also promotes activities because it gets people back out after they've had a stroke, illness or a fall doing the things that they loved and the things that they want to do.
This also gets people socializing again because they are getting out and about and not staying cooped up inside their home, so therefore OT promotes social interaction as well as promoting activities. Occupational Therapy and the Disengagement Theory
Occupational Therapy is influenced by The Disengagement Theory because people with may withdraw from society because they feel that they don't need the therapy and/or they don't want it.
By them feeling like this they may not go to the treatments and as a result of this, their condition may get worse making them stay inside their home. For example, if a male resident had a fall and broke his arm he may be reluctant to get any treatment for it because he feels that he hasn't ever needed a doctor before so he will be fine and it will heal.
This may result in his arm getting stiff and the movements in his arm may be halved. This could make him feel stupid and embarrassed because he now can't do things like he did before, making him want to stay inside and not participant in activities or social events. Care homes and The Disengagement Theory Care homes are influenced by The Disengagement Theory because they allow people to withdraw from society, they are primarily care based and only a few activities are put on in the care homes. Some examples of the activities they may put on are bowls and hoops.
These activities may not interest all the residents which may make them stay inside as they can't be bothered to come down just to watch or the activity may not accommodate for their needs so they may not be able to participate in the activity, this could make the resident feel stupid, embarrassed and lonely as they can't get involved with the other residents. This in turn could make the resident not want to come out of their apartment at all because they haven't got involved with anything in the past, they may feel less confident because they don't know anyone very well.
This may create potential barriers to social interactions between the residents within the care home. Care homes don't promote independence very well either. This is because they are mainly care givers, however this isn't all care homes just the majority. They don't promote independence because they would normally give all the care, such as helping residents get dressed, bathe them, help them to go to the restroom and even help them to eat.
Some residents may like this because it gives them an easy life but some residents won't have much of a choice because of their health or illness they may have. Care homes and The Activity Theory Care homes are influenced by The Activity Theory because some care homes such as Norah Bellot Court promote activities to get the residents involved and moving which allows the staff members to assess the health and wellbeing of the residents.
Norah Bellot Court is more of a sheltered housing but I'm going to use it as an example. They put on activities such as pool or snooker, bowls, hoops, the WII plus all the games they may have, book days and movie days. You can tell that the residents really like to get involved even when their health or illness does disable them from joining in they still come down to join in and share the company with the other residents.


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text:
About 30% of our recent production walkbacks seem to point to a root cause of a destroyed widget being the receiver of a callback. In going though the plethera of walkbacks (usually some form of UndefinedObject not understanding one method or another), the common point I was able to trace back to was the "#callHandlers: with:" method implemented in OSWidget in the PlatformWidgetsFramework sub application.
I thought that if I blocked callbacks to destroyed widgets, that should make my problems go away. I could not think of a valid reason why a callback would need to be executed on a widget that had been destroyed.
So, at the beginning of OsWidget>>#callHandlers: with: , I inserted this line:
owner isDestroyed ifTrue: [ ^self ].
Logic seemed to indicate that if you tested for the destruction of the receiver of the perform of the callback, you would successfully prevent resulting walkbacks. Empirical evidence collected since we moved this change into production indicates a flaw in the logic. Numerous examples of walkbacks have come back showing that the #callHandlers:with: method was executed passing the perform: handlers with:data to owner. And in the very next method, you could see that the label of owner was coming back with "*destroyed".
I am unsure of the flaw in my reasoning. I know there must be a flaw or I would have achieved the desired result.
I am considering changing the test to:
(self isDestroyed or: [owner isDestroyed]) ifTrue: [ ^self ].
I am considering this even though I am "sure" that owner should be the one being tested.
I am also considering adding the line
CwAppContext default asyncExecInUI: [].
I was thinking of adding this right before the test for #isDestroyed. Yes, I would do that with an empty block. I have seem some cases in the base code where this technique was occasionally used and it was an effective tool in helping rid us of the "Invalid operation during callback" walkbacks that plagued us a few years ago.
I have also scoured the old google group for vasmalltalk and the only relevant post I found was this one:
http://groups.google.com/group/ibm.soft ... dd708d334a
This seems to also point to using the asynExecInUI: method. The difference is that you are looking for specific callbacks and applying it to the entire block within. That would be difficult (impossible?) to apply here since there are potentially hundreds of cases of different callbacks. While it would be clear to identifiy which callbacks are failing, it would be more of a challenge to identify the callbacks that should come "first".
Any thoughts on the subject would be welcome.


text:
Hacker accessed 319 crypto- and finance-related Mailchimp accounts, company said
Email marketing firm Mailchimp announced on Monday that a hacker breached its internal tools and managed to gain access to 319 Mailchimp accounts for companies in the cryptocurrency and finance industries.
Of those 319 accounts accessed, the hacker exported audience data from 102.
Siobhan Smyth, Mailchimp's chief information security officer, told The Record in a statement that on March 26, their security team "became aware of a malicious actor accessing one of our internal tools used by customer-facing teams for customer support and account administration."
"The incident was propagated by an external actor who conducted a successful social engineering attack on Mailchimp employees, resulting in employee credentials being compromised. We acted swiftly to address the situation by terminating access for the compromised employee accounts and took steps to prevent additional employees from being affected," Smyth said, noting that they hired "outside forensic counsel" to examine the breach.
"Our findings show that this was a targeted incident focused on users in industries related to cryptocurrency and finance, all of whom have been notified. We also determined that some accounts' API keys posed a potential vulnerability. Out of an abundance of caution, we disabled those API keys, implemented protections so they can't be re-enabled, and notified affected users."
Smyth added that they have received reports of the malicious actor using the information they obtained from user accounts to send phishing campaigns to their contacts.
On Sunday morning, popular cryptocurrency wallet company Trezor took to Twitter to say that some of its services were compromised through the Mailchimp incident.
MailChimp have confirmed that their service has been compromised by an insider targeting crypto companies.— Trezor (@Trezor) April 3, 2022
We have managed to take the phishing domain offline. We are trying to determine how many email addresses have been affected. 1/
"Mailchimp have confirmed that their service has been compromised by an insider targeting crypto companies. We have managed to take the phishing domain offline. We are trying to determine how many email addresses have been affected," the company said.
"We will not be communicating by newsletter until the situation is resolved. Do not open any emails appearing to come from Trezor until further notice. Please ensure you are using anonymous email addresses for bitcoin-related activity."
Trevor disabled several of its domains as a result of the hack. The company did not respond to requests for comment about their claim that the attack was due to an "insider" as opposed to someone who stole the credentials of a Mailchimp employee.
It is still unclear how many other cryptocurrency services or financial institutions were affected by the incident.
Smyth said that since the attack, they have been notifying the account owners and immediately take steps to suspend any further access when they become aware of any unauthorized account access.
The company urged its customers to use two-factor authentication and other account security measures "as added measures to keep accounts and passwords secure."
"We sincerely apologize to our users for this incident and realize that it brings inconvenience and raises questions for our users and their customers. We're confident in the security measures and robust processes we have in place to protect our users' data and prevent future incidents," Smyth said.
Jonathan Greig
Jonathan Greig is a Breaking News Reporter at Recorded Future News. Jonathan has worked across the globe as a journalist since 2014. Before moving back to New York City, he worked for news outlets in South Africa, Jordan and Cambodia. He previously covered cybersecurity at ZDNet and TechRepublic.


text:
Built in 1972—and designed by Harry Bates before he moved on to becoming a partner at Bates and Masi Architects—this glass house in the Northwest Harbor neighborhood of East Hampton just listed under Corcoran Group Real Estate agent, David Mazujian.
The 1,200-square-foot modern home has three bedrooms and two bathrooms. There's also a pool out back, and the 0.92-acre property comes with beach rights and docking rights.
The home features walls of glass with cedar beams, beamed ceilings, and a wide open floor plan with a spiral staircase leading to the lofted second level with built-in bookcase shelving and an office space. In the double-height living room, one will find a brick wood-burning fireplace, while the kitchen has granite countertops and stainless steel appliances.
An ensuite master bedroom sits on the first level as well as another bedroom, which can also be used as a den, while a guest suite is located on the lower level of the home.
Last sold in 1998 for $285,000, the home has been available to rent on and off since 2015. Earlier this year, it listed for sale at $1.2 million, but came off the market under a $1.15 million asking price, before being relisted under Corcoran for the current price.
- 34 Springwood Lane [Corcoran]


text:
GitHub has a "built-in" simple content management system called Jekyll. It's unobtrusive; you can put ordinary HTML files in your webspace and they will be served unchanged, or you can create Jekyll files, which are text files that start with a header block that the Jekyll documentation calls "front matter" (a phrase that the documentation uses as if everyone knows what it means already). Among other things, Jekyll allows you to write web pages and blog posts in Markdown. And since it's GitHub, you won't be surprised to learn that your web space is version-controlled with Git, which means that you can update your web site with an ordinary Git push.

The way GitHub decided to organize its web space is unusual; it's based on an "orphan branch" within the same repository as your project, which is basically a "parallel universe" within the same, well, universe as the repo you already have. This means that you typically have to clone your repository twice on the same PC, once for your code and again for your web site, but you are storing two copies of the complete history of both "halves" of your repo. That is weird to me. (In theory you only need one clone of your repo, but then git would have to delete your entire source tree whenever you want to edit your web site. Unsettling, no? Why can't I just have the web site in a subfolder, let's say, /www in master?)
They recommend installing Jekyll on your local computer to be able to preview your web site, but installing Jekyll on Windows was a pain in the ass. The Jekyll gem normally fails to install; you have to install something called Ruby Installer DevKit first. Here's a hint, because it took me awhile to find the download link to this thing. It turns out that the DevKit download link is on this page underneath the download links for the Ruby Installer for Windows, under the heading "Development Kit". Later I found instructions for installing Jekyll on Windows. But then I had problems with "yajl" and "wdm" on two different PCs (see sidebar) and one of the PCs still can't run github's (old) version of Jekyll.
rem If github still uses jekyll 1.5.1, the yajl version is v1.1.0
gem uninstall yajl-ruby
gem install yajl-ruby -v 1.1.0 --platform=ruby
Anyway, see GitHub's official install instructions.
The documentation of Jekyll is backwards. The introductory pages give you all the minor details first; the key information comes later. For example, it isn't until the eighth section that they finally tell you how to add a blog post. But that's not enough of course, you also need to know how to create a "main page" for your blog and a "history page", and all they provide at first is an incomplete template for part of a history page. Plus, any good web site should have category links on every page (e.g. Main Page, Blog, Documentation, Code) but they don't give you any clues about setting that up until way down deep in the docs. What about styling & theming? In the docs, I haven't seen anything about that yet.
Instead, it appears that a much better way to get started with Jekyll is to use Jekyll Bootstrap. The Quick Start page tells you exactly how to set it up, and it does a better job explaining what Jekyll is and how it works than the Jekyll documentation. Then 'Using Themes' tells you how to set a theme (because the default theme is ... well, it has big red headings! Not my cup of tea), and once you've worked out those two things you can pretty much start blogging in your site's _posts folder.
Another source of themes is this web site. Although these other themes aren't designed to work within the Jekyll Bootstrap framework, if you're familiar with the building blocks of the web (HTML/CSS) and Jekyll (basically just a bunch of code snippets in a folder with "front matter"), you should be able to figure out how to install one of those themes.
But there's another framework for theming Jekyll called Poole and the two available themes not only look good, they scale very well to various browser sizes. Mobile? Check. I found out about Poole through a helpful blog post by Joshua Lande.
So once you figure out how to install Jekyll and a theme and you've written a dummy blog post and/or web page, you'll want to preview it, and that means running Jekyll. My Jekyll site is in a Loyc-web folder on my PC and I want to create the preview web site output in a Loyc-preview folder. So I make a batch file (shell script) alongside the Loyc-web folder that contains this command:

jekyll serve --drafts --watch --source Loyc-web --destination Loyc-preview
Note: Code blocks in this post are garbled by CodeProject. See the original article for correct code.
serve (rather than build) causes it to serve the preview at http://localhost:4000, --drafts asks Jekyll to render unpublished drafts as if they were published, and --watch causes the preview to be automatically updated in response to changes (this works on one of my PCs but not another, I don't know why). The default --destination is _site within the source folder. And don't name your batch file jekyll.bat like I did. You won't like the result...
Once I'm happy with my web site, I push to GitHub and I'm live!
On Windows you need a bunch of extra install steps to install "pygments" in order to support syntax highlighting with the widest number of languages, but it's easier to use "Rouge" instead. I have found that if you have neither Pygments nor Rouge installed, Jekyll will crash with a strange message when it encounters a page that requests syntax highlighting:

Liquid Exception: cannot load such file -- yajl/2.0/yajl in _posts/2014-01-01-example.md
C:/Dev/Ruby200/lib/ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require':
cannot load such file -- yajl/2.0/yajl (LoadError)
No, Jekyll isn't good at error messages. To solve this quickly,
gem install rouge
highlighter: rouge
jekyll serve
To create code blocks, Jekyll recommends the use of {%...%} blocks like this:

{% highlight cpp %}
// Code
{% endhighlight %}
But this, of course, is not standard Markdown code. I want to write my posts in the language of Markdown, not Jekyll; I should be able to use a standard "fence" instead:
~~~cpp
// Code
But by default, syntax highlighting is not supported in fences. To enable this feature, change your Markdown parser from "kramdown" to "redcarpet" by setting the markdown option in _config.yml:
markdown: redcarpet
The names you have to use on the fence tend to be longer than just file extensions. For example, ~~~cs is not recognized as C#, you have to use ~~~csharp, and ~~~yml isn't recognized as .yml, you have to use ~~~yaml. Use ~~~text to ensure that no language auto-detection occurs (GitHub's old version of Jekyll doesn't do that, though.)
Unfortunately, redcarpet and kramdown have different sets of advanced features. Kramdown seems more flexible to me, but redcarpet appears to be The Standard GitHub Flavored Markdown.
Update: As of August 1, commiting a _config.yml that uses rouge now causes "Page build failure" on GitHub with a misleading error message like "The file _posts/2014-08-01-blah.md contains syntax errors." Before you commit & push, you must set highlighter: pygments in _config.yml, even if you don't care to install pygments locally.
highlighter: pygments
ProTip: Jekyll won't easily let you write the literal character combination {% or {{, not even inside code blocks. You could write {{"{%"}} or {{ "{{" }} instead, but if you are not intending to use Liquid (Jekyll's templating ending), a better option is to wrap the entire page in {% raw %} ... {% endraw %}, after the front-matter, as I have done in this post. One problem with this though: you can't use jekyll internal links.
{{ "{{" }}
{% raw %} ... {% endraw %}
I decided to use the Poole-based "Hyde" theme, so I downloaded hyde-master.zip from GitHub. The provided Usage instructions are a bit confusing and incomplete so I wrote this in case it helps. I added the prefix "(Hyde)" on issues that only apply to Poole or Hyde.
Earlier I generated my index.html using GitHub's "Automatic Page Generator". This thing generates not just index.html but a bunch of css files and images and javascript files, plus a file in the root directory called params.json which contains a description of the content you provided for index.html, including the page text. Since "Hyde" uses a different folder structure than the "Automatic Page Generator" and doesn't share any of the same css, I thought I would confuse myself if I kept both... so I deleted all of GitHub's generated stuff, such as the css folder, the images folder, params.json (which had the same content as my README anyhow), _includes/header.html, _includes/footer.html, and index.html itself.
(Hyde) After unzipping hyde-master.zip I copied most of its contents over my gh-pages working copy, excluding .gitignore, _config.yml, README.md, CNAME, README.md, LICENSE.md (lest it be confused with the license of my site content), and the _posts folder.
(Hyde) Hyde expects the following options to exist in _config.yml:
title: "Project Name" # shown in large text
description: "Blah blah blah" # shown under the title
tagline: "Blah blah blah" # shown in title bar beside the title
version: "1.2.3" # "Currently v1.2.3"
url: "http://loyc.net" # Used by the Atom feed
baseurl: "" # URL of site relative to domain
repo: https://github.com/user/Proj # "GitHub project" link on sidebar
Other themes also use title, description, baseurl and possibly other options. Here are some settings recognized by Jekyll itself that you should probably also have:
# Jekyll settings:
markdown: redcarpet
encoding: UTF-8
highlighter: pygments # rouge now causes Page Build Failure on GitHub
paginate: 10 # blog posts per page
paginate_path: "blog/page:num" # optional, see below
safe: true
lsi: false
(Hyde) The baseurl option is a problem if you want it to refer to the root of the domain. The Jekyll documentation implies you should use "" in this case, and offers sample code that doesn't work correctly with "/"; for example, this code is in the Jekyll site template (Ruby200\lib\ruby\gems\2.0.0\gems\jekyll-2.1.0\lib\site_template):

{% for post in site.posts %}
{{ post.date | date: "%b %-d, %Y" }}
{{ post.title }}
{% endfor %}
For some reason this produces bogus links if baseurl is "/". But Hyde will break if you use "/" because it uses raw concatenation in /_includes/head.html:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ site.baseurl }}public/css/poole.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ site.baseurl }}public/css/syntax.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ site.baseurl }}public/css/hyde.css">
Note that a slash is needed before 'public'. To fix this I changed all instances of {{ site.baseurl }} to {{ site.baseurl }}/ in all of Hyde's HTML files (be sure to replace all of them!)
{{ site.baseurl }}
{{ site.baseurl }}/
Perhaps the same problem would arise if you are not at the root of the domain; i.e. if your web space is at username.github.io/projectname. In that case Jekyll wants baseurl to be projectname while Hyde expects projectname/.
By default, the home page (index.html) just shows your blog posts, in full, in chronological order. I didn't want the blog to be the home page so I renamed index.html to blog.html (giving it the front-matter layout: page and title: Blog), but this caused all the blog posts to disappear! Jekyll has a bizarre limitation here: you are only allowed to show your blog on a single page, and that page must be named index.html. However, you can use /blog/index.html instead if you add the line paginate_path: "blog/page:num" to _config.yml.
layout: page
title: Blog
paginate_path: "blog/page:num"
(Hyde) By default, the sidebar lists all pages that use the layout: page option in their front-matter (in _includes/sidebar.html you can see the for-loop that does this), and the title: ... option is used as the link text. After that there is a "Download" link, a "GitHub project" link, and a version number. I did not want the "Download" link, or the version number, or "All Rights Reserved", so I removed those parts from _includes/sidebar.html. Of course, if you don't like how the links are auto-generated, you can change the code to suit you.
title: ...
I created index.md and put some content in it:
---
layout: default
title: Home
# Welcome!
This is the home page!
I added my .sidebox class to sidebar.html (see Using custom CSS below)
(Hyde) I switched to a different preset color scheme by changing  to  in /_layouts/default.html.

(Hyde) I edited /public/css/hyde.css to adjust the theme to my liking. In particular I reduced the various margin-left and margin-right values, shrunk the font a little, and tweaked the sidebar color. Since this blog contains code (and what GitHub blog doesn't?) wide margins would cause scroll bars or wrapping on every code snippet, and we don't want that.
At the top of the blog I made a "List of all posts" link, which goes to blog-list.html:
---
layout: default
title: Blog index

Blog index

{% for post in site.posts %}
{{ post.date | date: "%b %-d, %Y" }}:
{{ post.title }}
{% endfor %}

subscribe via Atom

(Hyde) if you have enough blog posts to cause pagination, Hyde shows the "Blog" link multiple times, one for each page! This turned out to be slightly difficult to fix; after a little while I realized that Jekyll, or more specifically Liquid, does not support Ruby expressions. In fact, it hardly supports any expressions at all! Check it out: Liquid contains only 9 operators in total. There is not even a not operator, and there is no regex matching (or if there is, it is implemented as something other than an operator.) Anyway, the unwanted pages can still be filtered out, although not with the precision I am used to. In _includes/sidebar.html, I changed this code:
{% assign pages_list = site.pages %}
{% for node in pages_list %}
{% if node.title != null %}
{% if node.layout == "page" %}
{{ node.title }}
{% endif %}
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
by adding an unless statement:
{% assign pages_list = site.pages %}
{% for node in pages_list %}
{% if node.title != null and node.layout == "page" %}
{% unless node.url contains '/page' %}
{{ node.title }}
{% endunless %}
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
(Hyde) The Older and Newer buttons had broken links because they assumed the blog would be the home page. And you know what, I made so many little changes and fixes, I won't list them all. Let's just say you can clone my repo and make it your own, if you like.
Writing a blog post in Jekyll is easy. Just create a text file in the /_posts folder (that's in your gh-pages branch if you are using GitHub) and give it a name like 2014-12-31-file-name.md, but with the correct date, of course. Inside the file, add front matter:
---
title: Title of your blog post
layout: post
The content of the post goes here.
Jekyll puts the output HTML in 2014/12/31/file-name.html, or 2014/12/31/file-name/index.html instead if your site is using the permalink: pretty option in _config.yml.
permalink: pretty
If you'd like to get shorter URLs by eliminating part of the date, change the permalink option in _config.yml. For example I use this:
permalink: /:categories/:year/:title.html
Or see here (why call it "permalink" when you can change the URL schema at any time?)
Although Jekyll supports blogging, it is incomplete as a blogging engine since it is strictly designed to serve static content, which comments are not. And there's no way to have comments directly in GitHub pages, since GitHub provides no place to store the comments. But, it is still possible to use a comment service provided by a third party such as Disqus. Disqus adds ads to make money for them, though. Annoying ads. With pictures.
Jekyll Bootstrap currently supports four comment engines including Disqus but I am not sure whether I trust these commercial entities with my comments... although, er, very few comments have ever been left on this blog.
Hopefully GitHub itself will provide a comment engine someday, since the GitHub site obviously supports comments very well. Good news though! It's possible to co-opt the GitHub issue tracker to manage blog comments! The technique is described here and I decided to use it! There's no need to limit comments to blog posts either, I can put them on any page I want, although it does take a little extra effort.
How to set up:
Add configuration to /_config.yml:
github:
user: qwertie
project: loyc
In _layouts/default.html, include comments.html below the content:
 ...
{{ content }}
{% include comments.html %}
Add my copy of comments.html unchanged to your /_includes folder, and add comments.css unchanged to /res/css (oh, you don't have a /res/css folder? Either create that folder, or put comments.css wherever you like to put css files and change comments.html to point to the new location.)
To add comments to a page, create an issue in your github project (with whatever name and description you want) and then set commentIssueId line in the front matter of your blog post to match the issue:
---
layout: post
title: "Blogging on GitHub"
commentIssueId: 42
Ivan says you also have to register an "OAuth application", so I did that for loyc.net, but comments are still working when I look at my Jekyll preview at localhost:4000.
Sometimes I like to place sidebars in my posts, which I call ".sidebox" in CSS because some websites already have a ".sidebar" class to describe the main sidebar:


text:
Bridle bags amp up your competitive style with classic details and serious protection for your gear. With personalization options and high-quality features, our bridle bags, or halter bags, help you stay organized and look professional while traveling the circuit.
Store Your Bridle or Halter in Personalzied Bridle Bag
A bridle bag holds and protects your bridles and halters at home or while traveling. Bridle bags are often made with a water-repellent nylon shell and hooks on the inside to hang up your gear, keeping your halters and bridles organized and dry.
The best bridle bags not only accommodate all your gear but also look crisp and professional. When you arrive at the exhibition hall, a bridle bag can be used to keep your show tack and halters clean from dust.
The bridle bags in our collection make it easy to personalize your bridle storage. Most of our designs can easily be embroidered or silkscreened with your growing list of awards, too, marking you as the champion to beat.
Our store is rated 4.8 out of 5 based on 12,788 ratings on BizRate


text:
New colour film doesn't come around very often.
Since the large-scale demise of film production in the 2000s and 2010s, major film manufacturers have consolidated their ranges, whittling down any which aren't popular enough to maintain production. Sales fell, fell, fell until all but the most popular disappeared.
Falling sales have also meant falling R&D budgets, and that means fewer new recipes cooked up in the lab. That's a particular issue for colour films which require a lot of time and effort to get right compared to their black-and-white brethren. Whereas it will cost you a few hundred thousands pounds to develop a new black-and-white film, a new colour one could cost you millions.
In the last decade, essentially only two new colour films have appeared (not counting LOMOgraphy's colour-tinted films). Kodak's Ektachrome E100 slide film is a completely re-engineered version of their fine-grained E100G film from the early 21st Century, and LOMOgraphy's Metropolis XR 100-400 film is a reworking of an old Agfa recipe. It has a somewhat harsh, metallic colour profile, which just goes to prove what a complicated task colour film production is.
But recently, three other films have appeared. They're not LOMOgraphy films, nor are they coming from Kodak or Fujifilm, the last two giant colour film producers. These three films come instead from Russia's Silberra, a boutique film brand which has until recently concentrated on black-and-white film.
Silberra's colour films span a trio of medium-speed ISOs: 50, 100 and 160. Where exactly they come from is a little bit of a mystery. The company's own website offers little info, and in fact didn't even list the 160 version of the film before a consignment of it arrived at London's Photographers Gallery at the end of 2020, who gave me a roll of it to test.
There was a little bit of a fuss over the arrival of Silberra's colour films earlier this year (partly because the company has done such a poor job of sending film out to many of its backers from its 2017 Indiegogo campaign). When I contacted Silberra's founder Konstantin Shabarov earlier this year he said: "As most of Silberra films this one is not available under any other brand at mass market. It was coated by special order and we hope to have a kind of exclusive rights for it since the next coating."
The film's own box simply says it is made in Russia, giving no further clue to its origin. There's been online speculation it's a Kodak aero film that has been recoated, either by Kodak or Inoviscoat in Germany, or that it might be a film made by Russia's Slavich, which makes emulsions for industrial applications rather than consumer still products.
I would have liked to have shot this film in much brighter light, but also wanted to get my skates on and shoot it as early as possible. So I ended up waiting until March – allegedly spring here in the UK – for slightly warmer light and loaded the Color 160 into my Voigtlander Bessaflex TM.
Silberra's handful of examples of their colour films showed their film was anything but run-of-the-mill, with a particularly cool colour palette. Bearing that in mind I tried to shoot in the sunniest conditions possible, thought that wasn't always possible. (If you do want to see example of this film in much sunnier weather, I suggest you take a look at this post from 50mmf2.com)
When the film came back – something I noted in my earlier article in May – the first thing I noticed was the odd colour of the processed film. Most colour negatives films feature a distinctive orange mask after they have been processed. Not Silberra Color 160. The processed negatives come back with a distinct cool blue tone, as you can see below.
And the film itself? "Decidedly muted" is an understatement. Color 160 looks so different to any other colour films I've shot with that that there really isn't a contemporary touchstone. This film looks more like the old East German Orwochrom slide films from the Cold War-era, or even the early Agfa slide films from the 1940s and 50s. Even given the caveat of bright-overcast rather than sunny day, the muted colour palette – well, at least for everything except red – is impossible to ignore.
I scanned this film on my Nikon Coolscan V on Vuescan, creating RAW .dng files which were then converted to positives Negative Lab Pro, and then web-sized versions made in Photoshop. That's been my standard workflow for the last year or so and gives the best equivalent to lab scans I've seen in my 15-odd years scanning. Even with this process, which is pretty good at getting the intended colours out of a roll of film. You can see in the image of the post box below that red really pops in a way other colours don't.
The muted colours, especially where vegetation and ground are concerned, would make me think twice about shooting this film in colder light. That said, I must admit I'm interested to see what this film looks like in much brighter conditions. Silberra Color 160 won't become a camera-bag staple, but is certainly a candidate for further experimentation.
- Many thanks to John Buckle at The Photographers Gallery for the chance to test the film.
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- Keks releases new KM-Q light meter the size of a sugarcube - 22/09/2023
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A Brisbane bookstore, Avid Reader, took heat from hundreds on Facebook, who believed that the bookstore was supporting a man hater. They attracted the negative attention after sharing a post by columnist and gender equality writer Clementine Ford. The post expressed their excitement over her upcoming book, Boys Will Be Boys, which analyzes the common practices which normalize behaviors that hurt both men and women, even though the practices may seem to benefit men.
Ford might be best known for her first book, Fight Like a Girl, which details the social conventions that hold back women and girls, citing her own experiences in the process. In the book, she gives permission for everyone to be angry about the injustice she sees, and to fight for the fairness they deserve.
Describing the inspiration for Boys Will be Boys on Facebook, Ford asserts that when men cause harm "they're often coddled and excused by their families, their communities and a broader society that knows nothing about them except for the one thing that counts most: boys will be boys." She added that the book "will examine toxic masculinity and the bonds of brotherhood that are used to codify male power, access and protection."
The evening that Avid Reader shared their enthusiasm regarding Ford's upcoming book, the bookstore's social media manager, Chris Curie, noticed some particularly "nasty" comments, paired with one-star reviews. A men's rights activist group had launched a campaign to ruin the bookstore's social media standing because the bookstore was eager to welcome Ford's book. All of sudden, a few negative comments turned into hundreds of bad reviews.
One commenter who seemingly believes that people don't know what the word misandrist means wrote, "Since you promote misandrist Clementine Ford who hates men, I will never visit this bookshop/cafe ever again." The bookstore responded, "Hooray!"
Former Avid Reader employee, and current television show creator, Benjamin Law, noticed that the bookstore's Facebook page was under fire, and he asked for each of his followers to offer "a five-star review to counter trolls." Curie believes Law's message was largely responsible for what happened next. Fans of Law, Ford, and Avid Reader unleashed a counterattack of five-star reviews and wholehearted feedback. Hundreds of one-star ratings from trolls met thousands of five-star reviews from literature-loving supporters.
In an email to The Guardian Australia, Curie wrote, "The same 'men's rights' swamp monsters emerged when Clementine's first book Fight Like a Girl was released, and especially when we announced we were hosting an event (which sold out in record time, can I add!) to celebrate its publication [sic]." He added, "It certainly backfired on the trolls when people started to respond."
Talking to The Sydney Morning Herald, Curie admits that the wave of support was a pleasant surprise. "I had expected a defense from our wonderful customers, but I started to see people from all over Australia (and indeed the world) writing the most wonderful things about our shop," he said.
Avid Reader posted on Facebook, "Thank you all so much for your amazing outpouring of support last night. We will endeavor to read and respond to all your lovely reviews as soon as we can xxo." Rest assured that Curie and his coworkers intend to reply to every review of the store, giving thanks for kind words and poking fun at trolls.
Featured Image by Germán Poo-Caamaño on Flickr
Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)
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By Mike Robertson
Recently the House of Lords did us all a favour by curbing the excessively powerful Brexiteers who had taken over the British Government. If ever there was an argument for a second chamber to keep an administration of deranged demagogues in check, this was it.
What a pity it has to be populated by an unelected rabble of failed politicians, entitled gentry and English bishops. Would it not be better if it had a democratic mandate by being elected?
Unfortunately, reform of the broken Westminster government is far from the minds of the Etonian schoolboys who currently hold power. After all, any reform worth doing would inevitably remove them from their privileged positions.
The Scottish Parliament's Committee System
So why isn't the SNP suggesting we need a 'Hoose o' Lairds' when Scotland gains its independence? The answer may be the highly effective way the committee system in the Scottish Parliament works already. The Holyrood committees were the result of lengthy study (by Labour and the Lib Dems, among others) of the defects of the House of Commons. The committees don't get a lot of media attention, but week after week, month after month, they scrutinise proposed new laws, interview expert witnesses and campaign groups, and then draft detailed amendments based, where possible, on consensus. The result is that by the time a bill reaches the floor of the Parliament there's usually not a lot of controversial stuff left in it and the press bench has gone to sleep or is away writing about football.
So maybe the new, self-governing Scotland won't need a second chamber, to revise and caution excitable MSPs if they get carried away by passing populist enthusiasms for hanging or flogging, or whatever.
But if Scotland ever does decide to have a second chamber or Senate, it will certainly be an elected one. The days when rival politicians could be bought off by promises of ermine, unearned income and preferment is surely over. At least, north of the Border it is. What happens south of it is another matter.
Categories: Uncategorized


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Recent letter writer Bob Budd has quite an imagination, dreaming aloud that wood smoke is 1,000 times more dangerous than tobacco smoke.
Crap I'd say, having heard of many people dying of tobacco but none dying of wood smoke. Even if there was a small bit of wood-smoke pollution, there is a lot of nature, like trees, around here to re-purify the air. That's what nature does.
No wonder that his house is so cold in winter, paying for that expensive heat. I'm glad that I burn wood so I can have a nice comfy 25 C.
Clarke Lacey


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- Quantify
- Quantify Quan"ti*fy, v. t. [L. quantus now much + -fy.]
1. To modify or qualify with respect to quantity; to
determine, fix or express the quantity of; to rate.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Logic) To make explicit the quantity of; as, to quantify a variable. [PJC]
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English. 2000.


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Look To The Ant
When we visited Zambia last year we were surprised by the size of the ant hills. The one pictured above is at least 10 feet tall. It boggles the mind to consider how much effort is required to make a single ant hill. Yet the landscape is littered with ant hills in places.
The ant hills have taught me three lessons.
The first lesson from the ant hill involves God's faithfulness. God has promised to move mountains for us if we ask in His name. As I wrote a few weeks ago, I'm struggling with impatience as we wait to go to Zambia. I need to be careful not to succumb to doubts. Thoughts such as "no one else is going to support us" or "where will the rest of our support come from" are easy to entertain. But underlying these thoughts is a lack of faith in God's provision. To overcome these thoughts, I only need to remember that God has already provided three-quarters of our support. In other words, there is one mountain remaining, but God has moved three for us already! My needs are so insignificant that they amount to little more than an ant hill. I am confident that God will move our remaining "ant hill", just as he has already moved three others (see Matthew 17:20).
The second lesson from the ant hill involves teamwork. It would probably take a single ant decades to make an ant hill. But ants don't work on their own, they work together. As I prepare for ministry in Zambia I need to keep reminding myself that I'm not doing this on my own. Just as the ant is part of a colony that works together, so our ministry in Zambia will be a team effort. Scores of people are praying and giving in support of our ministry, and together we can accomplish more than any one of us could on our own (see 1 Corinthians 12:12-31).
The third lesson from the ant hill involves the individual's role in ministry. When we remember that God is the one who moves mountains, and that we work together as part of a team, there is a temptation to sit back and wait for God to move the mountain, or to wait for the rest of the body to do all the work. Once again, the ant hill again provides the answer. How many lazy ants have you seen? Proverbs 6:6-8 puts it this way: "Go to the ant, you sluggard; consider its ways and be wise! It has no commander, no overseer or ruler, yet it stores its provisions in summer and gathers its food at harvest" (NIV). The ant hill reminds me that I need to be diligent in the tasks God has set before me (Ephesians 2:10).
I don't expect to move the ant hill on my own, but by working faithfully at the task God has given me, alongside many others who are also laboring faithfully, I know that God will move our mountain – even if it is only an ant hill!


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Our care of the child should be governed, not by the desire to make him learn things, but by the endeavour always to keep burning within him the light which is called intelligence.
~ Dr. Maria Montessori
A new school year is on the horizon and it opens us up to a world of possibilities. The excitement of new students, and the memories we have created with returning students. Each child will create an individual educational path guided by the Montessori teacher. They will explore a multitude of new experiences through all five senses, learning how to express themselves through language both English and French, music, movement and creativity. All the while developing relationships with there fellow classmates, teachers and school community.
As Montessori teachers, we look forward to creating opportunities to develop and challenge the growth of each individual child. To create an environment that allows your child to build a burning desire for growth, understanding and expanding knowledge. It will be an exciting year, so enjoy the rest of your summer, and we look forward to seeing you in September.


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By Tiffany Salameh
Click here for updates on this story
SOUTH BEND, IN (WBND) — Independence Day celebrations may have directly affected an upward trend in coronavirus cases in St. Joseph County, health officials say.
New data shows the number of new cases tripling since the holiday weekend. St. Joseph County Deputy Health Officer Dr. Mark Fox says cases in St. Joseph County is worse than they've ever seen over the course of the pandemic.
"On July 2nd our 7-day rolling average of cases was 15.6 and yesterday I think it was 45.6," Fox said. "Nobody wants to go into lockdown again right that's not fun for anyone and yet our numbers are the worst that we've seen over the course of the pandemic worse than they were even at their peak in April."
Fox says it's no coincidence these numbers are trending upward after the holiday weekend. Contact tracing has pointed to large family and social gatherings as well as graduation and birthday celebrations.
The number of new cases is greater than the amount of increased testing. Meaning the upward trend is not just a result of more coronavirus testing.
"These are real infections in the community and not just an artifact of increased testing," Fox said.
Indiana is still in Stage 4.5 of Governor Eric Holcomb's Back on Track Indiana plan. The state was originally scheduled to advance to Stage 5 on Independence Day weekend.
Dr. Fox says if case counts continue to rise, he won't be surprised if we continue to take steps backward.
Please note: This content carries a strict local market embargo. If you share the same market as the contributor of this article, you may not use it on any platform.


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Symposium - From Pixels to Purchase
- Organised by the Symposium Committee
- Wednesday 3 October 2018, 10:00 till 18:00
- University of Twente There will be food, please indicate any allergies or diets on your dashboard To join this activity you need to be a member.
Become a a member by clicking on this message or log in.
This symposium will take a look at the different aspects of future shopping: from real life shopping experiences to webshops and transportation. This will be done through a variety of presentations and workshops in which the possibilities of future shopping shall be explored.
Expect to have informing talks/lectures by top-executives and professionals in the field of online shopping, logistics of products and new ways of marketing. Audi will give a talk about smart cars. Twinkls (the company that made Ikea place) will talk about the use of AR in online shopping and there will be much more.
This symposium is intended for those interested in what the future will hold for online shopping and the shopping experience as a whole. Furthermore it will be very interesting for entrepreneurs trying to set up an e-business/ webshop or trying to expand their businesses with new and futuristic ways of online marketing.


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Product Description
This SATA to USB cable is an external drive adapter that gives you quick and easy access to a SATA drive through the USB-A port on a laptop.
Upgrade the Drive on Your Laptop
This SATA solid-state (SSD) or hard drive (HDD) adapter lets you upgrade to an external 2.5″" SATA SSD or HDD.
The cable lets you: add drive space, perform backups, create disk images, implement data recovery, and transfer content between the drive and the laptop. The hard drive converter externally connects directly to your hard drive connector and your computer's USB port.
Faster Transfer Speeds with UASP
The cable supports USB 3.0 data transfer speeds of 5Gbps. But, you can experience transfer speeds up to 70% faster than conventional USB 3.0, when connected to a computer that also supports UASP. With UASP you can utilize the full potential of a SATA III SSD or HDD. UASP is supported in Windows 8, Mac OSX (10.8 or above), and Linux.
In testing, UASP performs with a 70% faster read speed and 40% faster write speed over traditional USB 3.0 at peak performance.
At the same peak in testing, UASP also shows an 80% reduction in required processor resources.
Connect from Anywhere
The SATA to USB cable is a portable solution that tucks away nicely in a laptop bag — no external power is required. The cable lets you easily swap between drives with no need to install the drive inside an enclosure. It's plug-and-play and doesn't require drivers.


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Supermarkets have faced increased scrutiny over the past few years with concerns the major chains – Coles and Woolworths – deny consumers and suppliers the benefits of fair competition.
The two dominant supermarket chains account for 70 to 80 per cent of sales in dry groceries, in one of the most highly concentrated markets in the world.
This suggests a lack of healthy competition that, some argue, deprives consumers of the benefits they would get in a highly competitive market.
Professor Caron Beaton-Wells, Director of Melbourne Law School's Competition Law & Economics Network, is leading a four-year research project, entitled Regulating Australia's Retail Grocery Sector – Goals, Actors and Techniques, that focuses on competition and fair-trading issues in the grocery retail sector.
Professor Beaton-Wells says the project focuses on how regulation works in the sector and the findings and recommendations may provide insights that are applicable in other areas, such as labour and environmental regulation.
[This study] could lift the level of public discourse to help people understand the complex regulatory dynamics of the sector.
"We would like to expose the way in which regulation in the sector is affected by the full range of interest groups and the impact that has on the law and its enforcement."
Professor Beaton-Wells says there is also debate around how supermarkets treat their suppliers.
"Supermarkets have enormous power in the relationship with their suppliers over the bargaining of terms and conditions," she says.
"It has emerged over the past 10 years that these large chains are very aggressive in their negotiations and impose a range of 'penalties' - some would say unfair – terms and conditions on their suppliers.
"This affects small as well as large suppliers. It is not necessarily anti-competitive, but is often tagged as bullying or unfair behaviour."
The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission has recently brought proceedings against Coles, and similar allegations against Woolworths, alleging that some of the terms they have imposed on their smaller suppliers are unconscionable.
"The research is important because supermarkets are important economic and social agents in our society," the competition law expert says.
A food-and-grocery code of conduct introduced last year has been incorporated into the law.
The code makes it compulsory for supermarkets to have written grocery supplier agreements and is highly prescriptive as to the agreement terms.
The research project will critically review the code and interview stakeholders to understand the factors that influenced its introduction, and whether it is likely to achieve its stipulated objectives.
Professor Beaton-Wells says the study will also look at how the law can assist to reconcile tensions and competing interests among small and big business in the ongoing debate about regulatory reform.
She says the study will include recommendations on how to make the law, including the code of conduct, more effective.
The project is being undertaken by a team of researchers from the University of Melbourne, Monash University and the Australian National University.
It is funded by the Australian Research Council.
Image credit: iStock


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SafeNight™ Product Line
The SafeNight™ product line is already well-known in the industry, and was recently acclaimed for its performance in the field as a mission critical optical component for portable devices. Wamco's materials have been available for years in standard and custom colors with thicknesses ranging from 0.012" to 0.100". However, today's designers want the flexibility to integrate optical modification characteristics in very complex forms, and in response, Wamco is now offering its polymeric materials in sheet thicknesses up to 0.250". As a result, this physical format provides designers the ability to obtain complex machined shapes, with formulations optimized for a finished wall thickness of 0.028". The materials are, of course, based on Wamco's proven chemistry and provide unmatched temperature, fire, and shock resistance.
As always, Wamco maintains its dedication to providing superior customer service, and offering material in finished conditions. Whether molded, formed, or machined, the parts can be further customized with different surface finishes such as anti-glare or anti-reflection hard coats.
Wamco's understanding of light behavior at the quantum level, combined with its expertise in material science and in-depth understanding of optics, has made Wamco a leader in the Aerospace and Defense industry. Wamco has mastered precise energy management technologies in a broad range of UV, Visible, NIR, and Infrared applications.


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Did you know that members of FPC give over $40K each year to the youth missions program? With their generosity, we subsidize the cost of every single mission experience, we offer early bird discounts, and we grow the Youth Mission Grant program. Why does the church keep giving?– simply because the students who participate on the youth mission trips ask them to support them financially and with prayer.
Date for MTSM 2023 is January 22 at noon in Courtenay Hall!
God is up to something; help the congregation be a part!


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No rich parents or angel investors? You can still start a business.
It's Q&A Wednesday, and one listener wants to know what kinds of businesses you can start without a dime in funding. Well, we've got it down to about $100. With only that much, you can build the foundation of a business that can grow into something big. Yes, it's possible — if you know how.
In fact, we've got 5 different ways to start a business for less than the cost of a new pair of sneakers.
Our host Omar has personally done all 5, from scratch. From services to brokering to affiliating, you can always build a business if you realize that money isn't the only asset you can leverage. Funding-free, bootstrapped businesses are more possible than ever today, thanks to a little thing called the Internet.
It's just a matter of applying your own existing skills and knowledge in places that need them. The options are limitless. Tune in, and see which path can work for you. Click Play!
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Learn about the structure and the interior of the Grass House with pictures and images together with facts and information about the tribes who used them such as the Chumash, Pomo and the Wintun people.
California Grass Mat House Definition
Who lived in a Grass Mat House?
Other Types of Thatched Houses
Californian Tribes Grass House Materials: Tule, Giant Wild Rye and Cattail
How was a Grass House built?
The process for making the thatch for a Grass House was as follows:
|Native American Houses
|Native Indian Tribes Index
First Published2016-04-19
Updated 2018-01-01
Publisher Siteseen Limited