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Cultural competence in healthcare
Cultural competence in healthcare refers to the ability for healthcare professionals to demonstrate cultural competence toward patients with diverse values, beliefs, and feelings.[1] This process includes consideration of the individual social, cultural, and psychological needs of patients for effective cross-cultural communication with their health care providers.[2] The goal of cultural competence in health care is to reduce health disparities and to provide optimal care to patients regardless of their race, gender, ethnic background, native languages spoken, and religious or cultural beliefs. Cultural competency training is important in health care fields where human interaction is common, including medicine, nursing, allied health, mental health, social work, pharmacy, oral health, and public health fields.
The term cultural competence was first used by Terry L. Cross and colleagues in 1989,[1] but it was not until almost a decade later that health care professionals began to be formally educated and trained in cultural competence. In 2002, cultural competence in health care emerged as a field[3] and has been increasingly embedded into medical education curriculum since then.
Although cultural competence in healthcare is a global concept,[4] it is primarily practiced in the United States.
Cultural competence is defined as a set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency, or among professionals and that enables them to work effectively in cross-cultural situations.[1] Essential elements that enable organizations to become culturally competent include valuing diversity, having the capacity for cultural self-assessment, being conscious of the dynamics inherent when cultures interact, having institutionalized cultural knowledge, and having developed adaptations to service delivery reflecting an understanding of cultural diversity.[1] By definition, diversity includes differences in race, ethnicity, age, gender, size, religion, sexual orientation, and physical and mental ability.[5] Accordingly, organizations should include these considerations in all aspects of policy making, administration, practice, and service delivery.[6]
Cultural competence involves more than having sensitivity or awareness of cultures. It necessitates an active process of learning and developing skills to engage effectively in cross-cultural situations and re-evaluating these skills over time.[7] Cultural competence is often used interchangeably with the term cultural competency.
Cultural competence in various settings
Healthcare system
A healthcare system, sometimes referred to as health system, is the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver healthcare services to meet the health needs of target populations. A culturally competent health system not only recognizes and accepts the importance of cultural diversity at every level but also assesses the cross-cultural relations, stays vigilant towards any changes and developments resulting from cultural diversity, broadens cultural knowledge, and adapts services to meet the needs that are culturally-unique.[1]
As more and more immigrants are coming to America, healthcare professionals with good cultural competence can use the knowledge and sensitivity that they obtain in order to provide holistic care for clients from other countries, who speak foreign languages.[8] The challenges for American healthcare systems to meet the health needs of the increasing number of diverse patients are becoming very obvious. The challenges include but are not limited to the following:[1][9]
- Sociocultural barriers
- Poor cross-cultural communication
- Language barriers
- Attitudes toward healthcare
- Beliefs in diagnosis and treatment
- Lack of cultural competence in the design of the system
Leadership and workforce
In response to a rapid growth of minorities population in the United States, healthcare organizations have responded by providing new services and undergoing health reforms in terms of diversity in leadership and workforce. Despite improvements and progress seen in some areas, minorities are still underrepresented within both healthcare leadership and workforce.[2] To improve the weak minorities representation in leadership and workforce, an organization must acknowledge the importance of cultures, be sensitive to cultural differences, and establish strategic plans to incorporate cultural diversity.
According to the national survey of the U.S. healthcare leaders conducted by the search firm Witt/Kieffer, respondents viewed diverse leadership as a valuable business builder[10]. They associated it with improved patient satisfaction, successful decision-making, improved clinical outcomes, and stronger bottom line.[11]
To successfully recruit, mentor, and coach minority leaders in healthcare, it is important to keep these social science principles and cultural values in mind:[12]
- Branding - how health care leaders brand diversity in their organizations? Without inclusion, branding would not be complete
- The concepts of self-categorization and "othering"
- Lack of leadership commitment - diversity and inclusion should be an imperative of their organization
- The compelling national demographics of healthcare leadership and workforce.
Clinical practice
To provide culturally sensitive patient-centered care, physicians should treat each patient as an individual, recognizing and respecting his or her beliefs, values and care seeking behaviors.[13] However, many physicians lack the awareness of or training in cultural competence. With the constantly changing demographics, their patients are increasingly getting diverse as well. It is utterly important to educate physicians to be culturally competent so that they can effectively treat patients of different cultural and ethnic backgrounds.
Implicit bias aimed towards certain races or ethnicities is frequent in the healthcare field, specifically in the United States, commonly with Black Americans, Hispanic Americans, and American Indians.[14] Subconscious discrimination occurs regardless of the advancement of disease prevention in the United States, as shown by the significantly high mortality rates of the groups mentioned earlier in the paragraph.[14] This discrimination is shaped by attitudes of healthcare professionals, who often differ in effort and type of treatment based on the race and physical appearance of a patient. Carrying over to the diagnosis and treatment of minority patients, the disparities in quality of healthcare increase the likelihood of developing diseases such as asthma, HIV/AIDs and other life-threatening diseases.[14] For example, a study that focused on the treatment and diagnosis differences between black women and white women in regards to breast cancer indicated this discrimination against minorities and its effects.[15] Furthermore, the study indicated that "white women are more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer, [and] Black women are more likely to die from it."[15]
The differences in responses from healthcare professionals to black patients versus white patients is drastic, indicated by subconscious negative perceptions of various races.[16] In a study that evaluated physicians' immediate assumptions made about different races "two-thirds of the clinicians subconsciously formed a bias against Blacks (43% moderate to strong) and Latinos (51% moderate to strong)".[16] Without intentionally concocting stereotypes about patients, these clinicians are indirectly negatively affecting the patients they mistreat. To remedy this, the study expresses support for clinicians to form a stronger connection with each patient and to focus on the patient at hand, rather than considering their race or background. This will help to prevent negative attitudes and tones when speaking with patients, creating a positive atmosphere that allows for equal environments and treatments for all patients, regardless of race or physical appearance.[16]
In response to the increasingly diverse population, several states (WA, CA, CT, NJ, NM) have passed legislation requiring or strongly recommending cultural competency training for physicians.[17] In 2005, New Jersey legislature enacted a law requiring all physicians to complete at least 6 hours of training in cultural competency as a condition for renewal of their New Jersey medical license, whether or not they actively practice in New Jersey.[18] Physicians' responses to this CME requirement varied, both positively and negatively. But the overall feedback was positive towards the outcomes of participation in and satisfaction with the programs.[19] The United States also passed federal legislation on Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Standards (CLAS), which is legislation aimed at reducing healthcare inequities like those in refugee health in the United States through culturally competent care.[20]
In order to provide culturally competent care for their diverse patients, physicians should at the first step understand that patients' cultures can influence profoundly how they define health and illness, how they seek health care, and what constitutes appropriate treatment. They should also realize that their clinical care process could also be influenced by their own personal and professional experiences as well as biomedical culture.[13] Dr. Like pointed out in one of his articles that "in transforming systems, transcultural nurses, physicians, and other health care professionals need to remember that cultural humility and cultural competence must go hand in hand."[21]
Cultural competence in research is the ability of researchers and research staff to provide high quality research that takes into account the culture and diversity of a population when developing research ideas, design, and methodology. Cultural competence can be crucial for ensuring that the sampling is representative of the population and therefore application to a diverse number of people.[22] It is important that a study's subject enrollment reflect as closely as possible the target population of those affected by the health problem being studied.
In 1994, the National Institutes of Health established policy (Public Law 103-43) for the inclusion of women, children, and members of minority groups and their subpopulations in biomedical and behavioral clinical studies.[23] Overcoming challenges to cultural competence in research also means that institutional review board membership should include representatives of large communities and cultural groups as representatives.
Medical education
The critical importance of training medical students to be future culturally competent physicians has been recognized by accrediting bodies such as the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education[24] (ACGME) and the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) and other medical organizations such as American Medical Association (AMA) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM).
Culture is definitely beyond ethnicity and race. Healthcare professionals need to learn about the tolerance of other's beliefs. Professional care is about meeting patients' needs even if they do not align with the caretaker's personal beliefs. Discovering one's own beliefs and their origin (from upbringing or modeling of parents, for example) helps understand what is believed and moderates actions at times when others are cared for with different beliefs. As a result, it is essential for healthcare professionals to practice cultural competence and recognize the differences as well as cultural sensitivities to provide holistic care for the patients.
According to the LCME standard for cultural competence, "the faculty and students must demonstrate an understanding of the manner in which people of diverse culture and belief systems perceive health and illness and respond to various symptoms, diseases, and treatments."[25] In response to the mandates, medical schools in the U.S. have incorporated teaching cultural competency in their curricula. A search on cultural competency in the curriculum of a medical school revealed that it was covered in 33 events in 13 courses in spring 2014. A similar search was performed on health disparities yielding 16 events in 10 courses covering the topic.
The cultural competence curriculum is intended to improve the interaction between patients and physicians and to assure that students will possess the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that enable them to provide high quality and culturally competent care to patients and their families as well as the general medical community.[26]
A "visual intervention" was completed to educate healthcare professionals on the dangers of subconscious discrimination toward minority groups in order to lessen the common discrimination certain races or ethnicities face in a healthcare setting.[27] This study allowed for physicians to focus more on the problems of their patients, and truly listening to their issues.[27] By creating a supportive space that fosters a strong channel of communication, the study targeted the lack of connection between healthcare professionals and patients due to either language barriers or the patient's mistrust in the professional.[27]
Patient education
Patient-Physician communication involves two sides. While physicians and other healthcare providers are being encouraged or required to be culturally competent in delivery of quality healthcare, it would be reasonable to encourage patients as well to be culturally sensitive and be aware that not all health care providers are equally competent in cultures. When it comes to illness, cultural beliefs and values affect greatly a patient's behavior in seeking healthcare. They should try their best to communicate their concerns relating to their beliefs, values and other cultural factors that might affect care and treatment to their physicians and other healthcare providers. If effective communication is unlikely achieved, then they should be provided with language assistance and interpretation services. Recognizing that patients receive the best care when they work in partnership with doctors, the General Medical Council issued guidance for patients "What to expect from your doctor: a guide for patients" in April 2013.[28][29]
Challenges to cultural competence
Language barriers
Linguistic competence involves communicating effectively with diverse populations, including individuals with limited English proficiency (LEP), low literacy skills or are not literate, disabilities, and individuals with any degree of hearing loss.[30] According to the U.S. Census in 2011, 25.3 million people are considered limited English proficient, accounting for 9% of the U.S. population. Hospitals frequently admit LEP patients for treatment. With cultural and linguistic barriers, it is not surprising that it is hard to achieve effective communication between the health care providers and the LEP patients.
In order to improve communication and mutual understanding, health care systems have used the professionally trained interpreters to help health care providers to communicate with patients whose English proficiency is limited. Studies have shown that trained professional interpreters or bilingual health care professionals have a positive effect on LEP patients' satisfaction, their quality of care, and outcomes.[31]
The National Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) Standards in Health and Health Care developed by the Office of Minority Health (OMH) are intended to advance health equity, improve quality and help eliminate health care disparities.[32] The three themes of the fifteen CLAS standards areGovernance, Leadership, and workforce; Communication and Language Assistance; and Engagement, Continuous Improvement, and Accountability. The standards clearly emphasized that the top levels of an organizational leadership hold the responsibility for CLAS implementation, and that language assistance should be provided when needed, and quality improvement, community engagement, and evaluation are importance.[33] that is a very good resource for healthcare systems and organizations to follow to become culturally and linguistically competent in the delivery of health care.
Cultural barriers
Migration & Integration
International migration is a global and complex phenomenon. Many European countries, including Belgium, are experiencing increasing population diversity arising from international immigration. Labor migrants, past colonial links, and, for some countries, their strategic position in the European Union are factors contributing to this diversity. Leadership and Cultural Competence of Healthcare Professionals 2015
Routine medical care in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland is being increasingly impacted by the cultural and linguistic diversity of an ever more complex world. Both at home and as part of international student exchanges, medical students are confronted with different ways of thinking and acting in relation to health and disease. Despite an increasing number of courses on cultural competence and global health at German-speaking medical schools, systematic approaches are lacking on how to integrate this topic into medical curricula. Cultural Competence and Global Health: Perspectives for Medical Education – Position paper of the GMA Committee on Cultural Competence and Global Health 2018
See also
- Community-based participatory research
- Culturally relevant teaching
- Ethnocentrism
- Global health
- Health status of Asian Americans
- Health system
- Intercultural competence
- Medical ethics
- Purnell Model for Cultural Competence
- Cross, TL; Bazron, BJ; Dennis, KW; Isaacs, MR (March 1989). "Towards a Culturally Competent System of Care: A Monograph on Effective Services for Minority Children Who Are Severely Emotionally Disturbed" (PDF). Georgetown University Child Development Center, CASSP Technical Assistance Center.
- Betancourt, Joseph R.; Green, Alexander R.; Carillo, J. Emilio (October 2002). Cultural competence in health care: emerging frameworks and practical approaches (PDF). New York, NY: The Commonwealth Fund.
- Thackrah, RD; Thompson, SC (8 July 2013). "Refining the concept of cultural competence: building on decades of progress". The Medical Journal of Australia. 199 (1): 35–38. doi:10.5694/mja13.10499. PMID 23829260. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
- Goodman, Neal R. "Cultural Competence in the Global Healthcare Industry". Association for Talent Development. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
- The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy. (2005). Third Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
- "Conceptual Frameworks / Models, Guiding Values and Principles". National Center for Cultural Competence. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
- Office of Minority Health. (2002). Teaching cultural competence in health care: A review of current concepts, policies and practices. Washington D.C.: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Contract Number: 282 - 98 - 0029.
- Wilkinson, Judith M.; Treas, Leslie S. (2011). Fundamentals of Nursing. 1. Davis Company.
- "THE IMPORTANCE OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE IN HEALTHCARE". Cultural Candor Inc. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- "Executive Search Firms | Leadership Consulting – WittKieffer". WittKieffer. Retrieved 2019-11-15.
- Witt/Kieffer (2011). "Building the Business Case - Healthcare Diversity Leadership: a National Survey Report" (PDF). Retrieved 17 July 2014. Cite journal requires
- Rich VL. Advancing diversity leadership in health care. Nursing administration quarterly. Jul-Sep 2013;37(3):269-271.
- Like, RCL; Barrett, TJ; Moon, J (Summer 2008). "Educating Physicians to Provide Culturally Competent, Patient-Centered Care" (PDF). Perspectives: A View of Family Medicine in New Jersey. 7 (2): 10–20.
- Hall, Chapman; et al. (November 6, 2015). "Implicit Racial/Ethnic Bias Among Health Care Professionals and Its Influence on Health Care Outcomes: A Systematic Review". American Journal of Public Health. 105 (12): e60–e76. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302903. PMC 4638275. PMID 26469668.
- Hunt, Whitman, Hurlbert (March 2014). "Increasing Black: White disparities in breast cancer mortality in the 50 largest cities in the United States" (PDF). The International Journal of Cancer Epidemiology, Detection, and Prevention – via Elsevier ScienceDirect.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Blair, Steiner; et al. (January 2013). "Clinicians' Implicit Ethnic/Racial Bias and Perceptions of Care Among Black and Latino Patients". ClinicalKey. 11 (1): 43–52. doi:10.1370/afm.1442. PMC 3596038. PMID 23319505.
- "CLAS Legislation Map". Think Cultural Health. Office of Minority Health. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
- "NJ Cultural Competency". Office of Attorney General. New Jersey Division of Consumer Affairs. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
- Like, Robert C. (23 Sep 2011). "Educating clinicians about cultural competence and disparities in health and health care". Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions. 31 (3): 196–206. doi:10.1002/chp.20127. PMID 21953661.
- Brandenberger, Julia; Tylleskär, Thorkild; Sontag, Katrin; Peterhans, Bernadette; Ritz, Nicole (14 June 2019). "A systematic literature review of reported challenges in health care delivery to migrants and refugees in high-income countries - the 3C model". BMC Public Health. 19 (1): 755. doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7049-x. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 6567460. PMID 31200684.
- Like, Robert C. (October 1999). "Culturally Competent Managed Health Care: A Family Physician's Perspective". Journal of Transcultural Nursing. 10 (4): 288–289. doi:10.1177/104365969901000403. PMID 10693416.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2001). Mental health: Culture, race, and ethnicity-A supplement to Mental health: A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Service.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2010). Human Subjects Protection and Inclusion of Women, Minorities, and Children Guidelines for Review of NIH Grant Applications. p. 1. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
- Adrian Jacques H. Ambrose, Susan Y. Lin, and Maria B. J. Chun (2013) Cultural Competency Training Requirements in Graduate Medical Education. Journal of Graduate Medical Education: June 2013, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 227-231.
- Liaison Committee on Medical Education. Functions and structure of a medical school: standards for accreditation of medical education programs leading to the M.D. degree. Washington, D.C.: Association of American Medical Colleges; 2013.
- Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). Cultural competence education for medical students. Washington, DC: AAMC; 2005.
- Lightfoot; Chapman; Colby; et al. (February 2015). "Envisioning Health: A Trans-disciplinary, Community-Engaged Visual Intervention for Healthcare Providers on Implicit Bias Toward Latino/ a Immigrant Youth". Journal of Adolescent Health.
- "What to expect from your doctor: a guide for patients". General Medical Council. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
- "Press release: GMC publishes first guide for patients on what to expect from their doctor". General Medical Council. 22 April 2013. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
- Goode, Tawara D.; Jones, Wendy. "Definition of Linguistic Competence" (PDF). National Center for Cultural Competence. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
- Flores G. The impact of medical interpreter services on the quality of health care: a systematic review. Medical care research and review : MCRR. Jun 2005;62(3):255-299.
- The Office of Minority Health (OMH). National Standards on Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) - 2013; http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/templates/browse.aspx?lvl=2&lvlID=15 Archived 2014-07-20 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed July 15, 2014.
- Koh HK, Gracia JN, Alvarez ME. Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services–advancing health with CLAS. "The New England Journal of Medicine". Jul 17 2014;371(3):198-201.
External links
- Ebola Outbreak 2014 Information Resources
- National Center for Cultural Competence (NCCC)
- National Partnership for Action to End Health Disparities
- NJDOH OMMH Report 2014 - A Condensed Blueprint for Advancing and Sustaining CLAS Policy and Practice
- NJMS Center for Cultural Competency
- PAEA Inclusion & Diversity Council
- Provider's Guide to Quality & Culture
- Think Cultural Health


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Man is a social animal.
The need for communicating of a Brand goes beyond the simple marketing: it's something much more visceral. In the Digital Era, like before, this need is displayed through the most modern expression forms.
Web, Social Networks, Apps and digital technologies represent new ways to distinguish and to keep in touch with users. Any media or technology could be useless if you don't know which kind of message you want to share. This message is not just a "slogan": it's something built on deep meanings which could be shared by your audience. Hydrogen assists companies in this process, helping them finding the correct communication approach and building the grounds needed for estabilishing successful contacts with the public.

subset: commoncrawl


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What's the Point of Regular HVAC Maintenance?March 2016
My system is running well, can I skip maintenance? Although you can technically skip maintenance, it is not advisable! Imagine doing the same with your car. If you never have the oil changed…Read more
Cabin Fever Can Save You EnergyFebruary 2016
As winter weather drags on, people tend to develop cabin fever. Knowing that spring is approaching can get you down when you are stuck inside on a dreary winter day. Don't let the…Read more
Action Air is Hiring!February 2016
We currently have 1 open position here at Action Air. Visit our Career page to download the application form. Experienced Service Technician $20-36 per hour starting pay Profit Sharing Plan Guaranteed Hours Comprehensive…Read more
Why is my furnace not kicking on?January 2016
Nothing is more frustrating than a cold house, especially when it's supposed to be warm! When you walk inside from the cold winter air, you expect your house to be heated to…Read more


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7 –
Sleepaway Camp 1983
Podcast: Play in new window | Download (Duration: 1:15:45 — 52.0MB) | Embed
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Today we discuss Robert Hiltzik's 1983 cult classic Sleepaway Camp, the second in our sleepaway camp slasher double feature. Why is everyone willing to pretend like that cook isn't a pedeophile? What is up with Meg and Mel's relationship? What is the familial relationship between Angela and Peter's dad and Aunt Martha? Is that a fake moustache, and how great is that twist ending?
Listen to BannedCast Movie Trash for reviews and discussions of the movies you love, movies you've forgotten, and movies you may have overlooked. Brought to you by BannedCast!
Rate and review us on iTunes! It may not qualify as an exemption when you file next year's taxes, but let's be honest—you haven't paid your taxes since 2003.
Send questions and feedback to firstname.lastname@example.com or via Twitter @BannedCast.
Lucky Boys Confusion "Stormchaser" Used with permission. © Lucky Boys Confusion Music


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As the English names can be a bit on the dull side this week I turned my attention to my Japanese resources. I have created a series of both posters and cards that feature the days of the week in Hiragana, Kanji and English and have a matching picture to represent the Kanji word meaning.
Finding easy to understand posters in Japanese can be a bit of a task. Many times the posters are too busy and other times there are too bland. Not to mention personal preference - do you prefer Hiragana or Kanji? English or no English? A combination of all?
Therefore these posters and word cards are designed to meet every preference...and if I missed one you can always email and I am happy to create just what you need for your classroom. After all, "one size fits all" has never been true!
If you are dabbling in learning Japanese but don't want all these posters and cards to print I have created a free poster just for you! It features all the days of the week in Hiragana with a matching symbol. You want it now? Sure! Just click the picture below to download your free poster from TPT.


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If you are tired of being passed by supercars, SVE has upped the ante for performance SUVs. Just announced is the new SVE 1,000 horsepower Chevrolet Suburban, Yukon & Escalade. Stage 1 is limited to 850 horsepower since it was developed on the 5.3L V8.
But if that isn't enough, the 6.2L models can be transformed to 6.8L thanks to a new forged rotating assembly. This 414 cubic-inch monster is then topped by their CNC ported heads and a massive supercharger. It yields 1,000 horsepower at the crank and 900 lb-ft of torque between 4 and 6k rpm.
It also includes stainless headers and a transmission upgrade along with an 8-rib supercharger belt. It's all backed by a 3 year/36k warranty, and as an original owner of their 2002 Camaro


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Why Kaitlin Olson Loves Being Insulted On 'It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia'
The gang on It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia is always fighting. Often the guys gang up on Dee (Katilin Olson). Fortunately, they all get along in real life. They just get paid to yell at each other and make fun of each other. That's not going to change when season 14 of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia premieres.
Olson was on a panel with her costars and co-creators of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia for the Television Critics Association. Dee is only going to take more abuse when It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia returns September 25 at 10 p.m. on FXX.
The gang abusing Dee makes Kaitlin Olson laugh
Maybe if It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia was a serious drama, it would be hard to watch them abuse their friend for 14 years. Since it's a comedy, their abuse is hilarious.
"It's just so funny to me, the desperation with which she comes into this group again and again and again," Olson said. "Every time they call me a bitch, I want to start laughing. I love it so much. It's fun to play, especially in this day and age, a character that allows all this misogyny and doesn't really know how to deal with it other than yelling. It's so sad and it's so funny to me."
The worse they treat Dee, the better Kaitlin Olson gets treated in real life
It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia fans have become quite protective of Kaitlin Olson. If only Dee's friends would be so supportive.
"I reap the benefits on social media because every time I post something, I get thousands of 'Shut up, bird' comments," Olson said. "Piggybacked on top of that are people defending me and being like, 'Oh, really original. I'm sure she loves reading shut up, bird. Don't listen to them.' I don't have to do anything. I have all these women and men who are so upset at them for saying, 'Shut up, bird' to me."
Kaitlin Olson knows the audience gets it
The passion with which fans defend her shows Olson that they understand it's not good to treat a woman the way the gang treats Dee. It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia is satirizing their misogyny.
"The way they treat me is so funny to me because I think it highlights how horrific it is to speak to a woman like that," Olson said. "Yeah, we're showing how ridiculous it is to talk to someone like that. Plus, there's really nothing wrong with bird so that's funny too. I love the whole thing."


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While listening to the excuses pile up for the Browns lack of success this season, I remember a situation in the 2005 Movie, "Wedding Crashers". John Beckwith blames Jeremy Grey for his own mistake he made, but Jeremy responds by reciting Rule 76 of Chaz Reinhold's sacred rules of wedding crashing, declaring there are "no excuses, play like a champion". Lately there have been way too many excuses made in Cleveland. Fans attempting to protect their own preferred players by blaming theiráfailure on their circumstances. While circumstances do play a part in success, great players find a way to rise above their circumstances. Players who require a perfect situation for their success are not great players. While fans have made enough excuses defending either Quarterback's errors, we need ...
Read Full Article at Bleacher Report - NFL
Article written by Michael Timmons
Browns Fans Need To Remember Rule 76: No Excuses, Play Like a ChampionPosted: 30th September 2009 by Michael Timmons in NFL
Comments Off on Browns Fans Need To Remember Rule 76: No Excuses, Play Like a Champion


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27th in Oklahoma City. Lionel Messi $104 million $72 million 432 million Soccer 4. This time, around 10 days after the taps ran dry in Hasakeh, on August 13 the Kurds cut https://www.amazon.com/dp/B086C5H623 the electricity to the Ras al-Ain area in retaliation, Sweid said. Bayern Munich soccer $3B 25. Practice rounds are being held at local restaurants in preparation of the official team event being launched beginning the week of Oct.
Stephen Curry $74 million $30 million $44 million NBA 7. New York Jets at Los Angeles Chargers moves from Week 6 to Week 11 Sunday, Nov. 25 Tampa Bay Buccaneers at Las Vegas Raiders • Nov.
But time will tell. Real Madrid soccer $4B 7. 5 • Super Bowl LVIII Mercedes-Benz Superdome New Orleans Feb. Nascar said that it would seek a new title sponsor for the 33-race series, all of which currently air on ESPN, ESPN 2 and sibling personalized jerseys 6 NBC • Super Bowl LVII State Farm Stadium Glendale, AZ Feb.
6 Denver Broncos at Kansas City Chiefs • Dec. Spalding, quoting figures from SportsOneSource, said the basketball footwear category experienced a 25% sales growth during the 12 months ended March 31. Key players in the industry are led by Nike, adidas, Under Armour, Skechers, New Balance and Puma, which are driving the category not just with new styles but also innovation, which is both the catalyst and the response to a growing awareness among consumers, especially younger demographics, regarding health and fitness. New England Patriots NFL $4B 8. Houston Texans NFL $3B 20.
Los Angeles Chargers at Denver Broncos moves from Week 11 to Week 8 on Sunday, Nov. 26 Baltimore Ravens at Pittsburgh Steelers • Nov. Chicago Bulls NBA $3B 17. 27 Tennessee Titans at Green Bay Packers • Jan.


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Starting your own podcast without big tech surveillance is easy
If you want to launch a podcast you definitely don't need to go anywhere near Apple, Spotify or Google. Continue Reading
If you want to launch a podcast you definitely don't need to go anywhere near Apple, Spotify or Google. Continue Reading
Episode 11: Dave Smyth is a freelance web designer who started a campaign to remove hidden spy pixels from the marketing emails we receive every day. Continue Reading
Is the 'network effect' of 1.3 billion users on WhatsApp the only reason people stick with it? Continue Reading
Two podcasts where I discuss ethical issues with peers around data, digital and technology in charities and non-profit organisations. Continue Reading
You can't collect meaningful data with Google Analytics and meet your legal obligations so don't bother trying – what are your options? Continue Reading
The internet is currently producing 2% of global emissions – the same as the airline industry. We need to change this now or people will never forgive us. Continue Reading
Our Police have adopted the attitudes of big tech – move fast, break things and worry about the consequences later, if at all. Continue Reading
What would an Internet of Things device need to prove to be ensure your basic rights and personal safety are not compromised? Continue Reading
Before they regulate big tech to keep us safe let's check to see if they even know the basics. Continue Reading
We must have red lines in place and withdraw access to our brands, supporters and networks if they are crossed. Article I originally wrote for Third Sector. Continue Reading


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Milne Travel is an independent, family owned, travel management company. Originally founded by Marion Milne in Barre, Vt in 1975, we have continued to grow; out of more than 30,000 travel agencies nationwide, Milne Travel ranks among the top 100 in annual sales.
As Marion originally established, we have a culture of caring here at Milne Travel. We care for our clients by providing them the best value and service. We care for our employees by providing them with an engaging, appreciative atmosphere. We care for our communities through our charitable contributions.
Interesting Information
From the beginning, Milne Travel has worked with American Express to provide innovative products and superior services.
We manage business travel expenditures more effectively for our clients while providing convenience and a sense of confidence to our travelers.
Additionally, the tremendous buying power of American Express enables Milne Travel to provide special services and preferred hotel and car rental rates to our clients


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Solitons are special analytic solutions to the nonlinear wave equations that turn up everywhere: from fluid dynamics to quantum mechanics to molecular biology. One such equation is the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation for a 1D wave $u(x,t)$ evolving in time $t$: \[ \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}+6u\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial^3 u}{\partial x^3}=0. \] What makes solitons special is that they behave in many ways like solutions to the linear wave equation: propagating without losing their shape, and even interacting nicely:
In 1990, Daisuke Takahashi and Junkichi Satsuma proposed a discrete model for solitons called the ball and box model. It consists of an infinite row of boxes, some of which contain a ball. A sequence of consecutive balls represents a wave. The pattern of waves after each time step is found by starting from the left and moving each ball to the next available empty box to its right.
A row of $n$ consecutive balls behaves like a single wave, and moves to the right at a constant speed $n$. Several such waves, so long as they start sufficiently separated, will interact (in a possibly messy way), and then disperse, maintaining their original shapes overall.
This model is fun to play with, but—surprisingly given its simplicity—it manages to capture a large amount of the interesting and unusual behaviour of the fluid waves modelled by the KdV equation.
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S Collection Wall MountOctober 26, 2020
S Collection Wall Mount
Wall Mounted takes all of the coveted features of our high-end electric desking solution and transforms it into a mounted worksurface. Choose your shape, finishes, and optional features and enjoy the benefits of height adjustability
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- Adjustable: Electric motor allows for a 250-lb. lift capacity, raising at 1.5 in. per second.
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- Certified: Meets ANSI/BIFMA standards and is ETL listed to UL 962.
- A Safe Space™ Product: Easily cleaned and disinfected between users.
- Specifications
Height Range
SE2: 30.1 in. – 48.6 in., SX2: 25.2 in. – 51.7 in.
Frame Width36 in. - 48 in.49 in. - 72 in.
Max Power Draw
120 V, 5 A, 60 Hz
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Soft Stop
1.5 in. per second
Standby Power
Weight Capacity
250 lbs.
- Resources
- Additional InformationShipping & Lead Times
- 4-6 Weeks
Warranty: Motor & Parts Warranty: 5 Years Craftsmanship Warranty: Lifetime
Certifications: meets ANSI/BIFMA standards.
- VideosNo available videos at this time


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Do you want to go for the best day trips and weekend getaways from San Jose CA – road trips from San Jose? Then read this post for unique and beautiful road tours from San Jose in California. San Jose is the biggest city in northern California by population and area. The heart of Silicon Valley and the third wealthiest City globally has many beautiful regions too nearby. So let's plan some of the best weekend getaways from San Jose in California.
Looking for the best rent a car option from San Jose or the Bay area. Then click here to book a rent-a-car right now.
Best Day trips and weekend getaways from San Jose CA – Road Trips from San Jose
Let's read about some of the Best Day trips and weekend getaways from San Jose CA – Road Trips from San Jose.
Big Sur
Big Sur is known for its wilderness, and unexplored virgin coasts, and therefore tops the list of must-visit attractions in California. Big Sur is formed of a rugged coastline and stunning views of the Pacific Ocean. Here Saint Lucia mountains meet the Pacific Ocean. It is known as one of the most spectacular coastlines globally and the most scenic coastline in the USA.
DISTANCE – Big Sur is 2 hr 25 min (99.4 mi) via US-101 San Jose by road.
DESTINATION TYPE – Nature / National Park, Beach Destination.
Yosemite National Park
A 1200 sq. miles area blessed with natural beauties is a paradise for all nature lovers. Located at northern California's Sierra Nevada mountain, here you can enjoy outdoor nature activities like hiking, climbing mountains, horseback riding, river rafting, in summers and snow skiing, snowboarding in winter. It is one of the most visited national parks in the USA, and it is famous for granite monoliths like Half Dome and Capitan. Therefore Yosemite National Park is the most visited weekend trip from San Jose.
DISTANCE – Yosemite National Park is 3 hr 10 min (159.7 mi) via CA-120 E from San Jose by road.
DESTINATION TYPE – Nature / National Park
Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz is a famous beach town in California and a hot favorite amongst surfers. This place is for sun, sand, and surfing. So soak yourself into the sandy beaches and get some tan under the sunny town of Santa Cruz during a weekend road trip from San Francisco. You will find amazing beaches, surfing opportunities, amusement rides, beer, and T-shirts related to surfing.
DISTANCE – Santa Cruz is 40 min (32.7 mi) via CA-17 S San Jose by road.
DESTINATION TYPE – Beaches, Surfing destinations, and Amusement parks
Sonoma County
A region blessed with wonderful nature where you can find mountains, forests, rivers, valleys, meadows, agricultural lands, coastal towns, and 55 miles of stunning Pacific Ocean coastline. There are numerous state parks, and in other words, you can say it is a paradise for nature lovers. Therefore Sonoma Valley is also a perfect day trip from San Jose.
DISTANCE – The distance of Sonoma Valley is 2 hr 57 min (126.8 mi) via I-880 N and US-101 N from San Jose.
DESTINATION TYPE – Nature, romantic and Gastronomic
Napa Valley
Napa is one of the most beautiful wine regions to visit globally. Famous for wineries and vineyards, the sight of vineyards with rainbows is fantastic here. Lots of sunshine, nature, exotic wines, and food are the top features of the Napa region. There are more than 300 wineries that are open for tastings. Being closer to the City, Napa is perfect for a day trip from San Francisco.
DISTANCE –Napa Valley can be reached 1 hr 53 min (99.0 mi) via I-680 N from San Jose.
DESTINATION TYPE – Nature, romantic and Gastronomic
San Luis Obispo
Located on scenic foothills of the Santa Lucia Mountains in Central California, San Luis Obispo is also known as the "Happiest City in America." This happy and cheerful town has a friendly vibe, with more than 300 days of sunshine a year, a fun-loving young population, and stunning attractions like Pismo Beach and Morro Bay.
DISTANCE –San Luis Obispo can be reached 2 hr 52 min (184.4 mi) via US-101 S from San Jose.
DESTINATION TYPE – Nature, romantic and cultural
It is a Victorian seaside town known for its rustic charm with historic Spanish mission and beautiful village vibes. A perfect romantic seaside town with sandy beaches, streets decked with trees. So if you love charming village-type cities with beautiful beaches, then don't miss Carmel Valley during your Bay area weekend adventures.
DISTANCE – Carmel-by-the-Sea can be reached 1 hr 51 min (74.9 mi) via US-101 S from San Jose.
DESTINATION TYPE – Fairy tale beachside town with fabulous food and boutique shopping.
Silicon Valley
Explore the history and future of California's Silicon Valley, the birthplace of computers in America, and the information age. You would love to visit some of the famous campuses at Google, Apple, Facebook. Visit the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, go to the Google Campus, and more.
DISTANCE – Silicon Valley is 17 min (15.4 mi) via I-280 N from San Jose.
DESTINATION TYPE – Technology and Business start-up destination.
San Francisco | Best Day trips and weekend getaways from San Jose CA
A 49 square mile city known for its Golden Gate Bridge and cable cars is a cosmopolitan city of Northern California. This fog city is blessed with cultural diversity, beautiful nature, and beautiful amenities. This City offers breathtaking views from every corner due to hilly slopes, colorful streets, and top-notch food and wine, the City, by the stunning Bay, is a perfect destination for romance. This City has beautiful views, but the fog hovering over City makes the atmosphere very dreamy and romantic. Therefore this city is a perfect day trip from San Jose, Ca.
DISTANCE – San Francisco is 51 min (48.4 mi) via US-101 N from San Jose.
DESTINATION TYPE – City, shopping, foodie, architecture.
Berkeley | Best Day trips and weekend getaways from San Jose CA
Berkeley, California, is a destination for aspiring students from all over the world who come to take world-class education. So it is famous among tourists to experience the student life in this student's City. UC Berkeley is the world's top public university and is renowned for "Central Park," which was designed by famed landscape architect Frederick Olmstead. This 178-acre campus is spread across Redwood Forests and has impressive nature life too. It is a fantastic road trip from San Jose, California.
DISTANCE – Berkeley is 55 min (45.8 mi) via I-880 N from San Jose.
DESTINATION TYPE – Educational and Nature.
TIPS – Best Day trips and weekend getaways from San Jose CA – Road Trips from San Jose
- If you are traveling on Pacific Coast Highway 1, then fuel your car to full as there are not many Gasoline refuel centers on that road.
- Book your rent-a-car in advance for affordable pricing.
- There are varied destinations near San Jose for all interests and ages.
- Some places are famous for beautiful sunsets.
- #Californiaroadtrip is famous for its destinations, but the road trip is worth scenic.
- Look out for the Carpool lane if you are traveling in a group of more than three. California has a Carpool lane that does not have toll charges and is faster.
- Look out for special Carpool lanes. Entering or exiting Silicon Valley may cost you some extra tolls, even on carpool lanes. So look out for unique paid road signs.
- Roads near Silicon Valley have massive traffic during office hours. So avoid office hours while reaching there.
- For National Parks, take permission on the USA's National parks' official website beforehand as rules changed after the Covid.
- Book hotels in advance as many of these world-class destinations are expensive if booked in peak seasons or on weekends.
I hope you loved reading about Best Day trips and weekend getaways from San Jose CA and would plan some of your road trips in California.
- Perfect Weekend Day Trips From San Diego
- Pacific Coast Highway Road Trip Itinerary – 6 Best Places To Stop In California
- Beautiful & Prettiest beaches In California – Best Beaches In California
- Stunning California Road Trip Itinerary 21 – 25 days
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DISCLAIMER – The content of the blog is solely my views of a place or a thing. This is not to offend any class, religion, ethnicity, or nation. My views can change from time to time. This blog may contain some advertisements or links to commercial products and for that, this site is not responsible after you click those advertisements. We are the independent owner of this site and the views expressed in this are our own. All photographs are owned by me. There can be slight differences in distances, locations, or some details for which I (owner) am not responsible. This post may contain some affiliate links, which means at no additional cost to you. I will earn if you will click through affiliates and make a purchase


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