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Friends of 440 Scholarship Fund, Inc. is a charitable organization whose purpose is to make the dream of college a reality for eligible students who are dependents and descendants of an individual who has been injured or killed in the course and scope of their employment and who received benefits under the Florida Workers' Compensation Law. In addition, dependents of individuals whose primary employment is connected with the operation and/or administration of this same law are also eligible to receive scholarships.Read more ...
Our many thanks to these very generous contributors!
Friends of 440 Scholarship Fund, Inc. has been in existence since 1991. Since then we have awarded approximately 800 scholarships that total nearly $1.7 million used to assist qualified college students achieve their educational goal.
The 14th Annual Cards for a Cause event will be held, once again at the Citrus Club in Orlando. Purchase tickets early and don't miss this great event.
Applications for the 2023-24 school year have been closed. Next cycle will be available online and are due by February 28, 2024. For more information regarding eligibility and the application process, please contact our office.
Much to my dismay, I was unable to attend the Scholarship Selection Meeting last June. To me, it is the highlight of the year and I was very disappointed to miss out on meeting the students. Those who attended, reported back that it was one of the most impressive group of students that we have had the privilege of meeting. Their interests were diverse, their accomplishments were stellar, and their goals set incredibly high. I have no doubt that this group of scholarship recipients will make their mark!!
In total, $61,000 was awarded to 17 new students and 11 returning applicants, which means almost $1.7 million awarded throughout our history! This year's recipients are all exceptional students but three received special awards. William Donaghy, an Agriscience student at the University of Florida, received the Phil Feldman Award. The Jennifer Sadow Award went to Ashlyn Langford, an FSU student who was Valedictorian of her high school, and entered college as a Junior. Ashlyn is studying International Affairs and Human Rights Law. The Mike Reid Award was given to Sarah Halbert, a Geology major at UF.
REMEMBER OUR MISSION IS TO HELP THE EDUCATIONAL DREAMS AND GOALS OF STUDENTS BECOME A REALITY. Eligibility is determined through scholastic requirements and the parent's relationship to the Florida Workers' Compensation system. The parent's injuries need not be catastrophic in nature, and dependants of those involved in the administration of the WC statute are also eligible. This distinguishes us from other noteworthy organizations who also offer scholarships. In some cases, these agencies have offered our students whom meet their criteria, additional funds.
The most recent Sadow Award was given to Cliff Moskowitz, and although the presentation has not yet been made, Cliff is a deserving recipient. As you know, in the past this award has been presented at our meeting at the WCI Conference. But due to the changing complexion of the conference, we have decided to change the venue of this meeting. Therefore, suggestions of how and where to hold the meeting and make the presentation are welcome and appreciated from all those supporting and involved in the scholarship fund. My two suggestions: 1) hold our meeting in conjunction with another annual meeting such as FL Bar section meetings or FWA, where presentation and meeting can be held simultaneously or 2) make the award presentation in the local area where the Sadow award winner resides and or practices. Please send all input to me at firstname.lastname@example.com or to our director, Lori Salzman at email@example.com
Lastly is a call for assistance with social media. It seems the world revolves around Facebook, Twitter, and other social media platforms, and our presence there is lacking. I feel this is the best way to connect with our students and alumni, but Lori and I are not tech savvy enough to be effective. Does anyone under 35 even talk on the phone anymore?? So if you are a well versed Tweeter, please help us and volunteer to share your knowledge.
Remember, applications for the next school year are due by February 28th. Applications are available online. All new and returning students are required to re-apply.
Thanks and best wishes,
Happy New Year! Although 2020 is one we would all like to put in the rear view mirror, my wish is that 2021 will be a new year full of hope and looking to a brighter future. I am hopeful that our new administration will be able to forge ahead and bring unity, healing, and revitalization to our very divided country.
Our organization has also suffered from the effects of Covid 19. With events canceled and fundraising down to an all time low, we too must work together to revitalize the Scholarship Fund. Sadly for us, (but lucky for them) a few of our most dedicated members have retired from practice and moved on. These include Mr. James Walker, one of our important founders, who has been a force in the Treasure Coast area, and Mr. George Rotchford, who worked tirelessly for Northeast Florida, and whose dedication to the students of the Scholarship Fund was most notable. We wish them all the best and thank them for their many years of service. I hope that we can find others with their level of passion to take the baton and help us stay strong. What we need is Youth, and energy in all areas of the state, including rebirth of Tampa.
Yours truly has not been able to perform like my old self, due to illness and multiple hospitalizations. But I will do my best to keep working on behalf of the scholarship fund. The knowledge that our work helps students achieve their goals and dreams is what truly keeps me going. I do it for the kids and I hope that will be one of my greatest accomplishments.
I am concerned that Covid will also affect the application process this year. Since fundraising is down, and the application rate may be as well, I urge you to do two things: 1) reach into your pockets for a donation to the Friends of 440 Scholarship Fund, and 2) encourage your eligible contacts to apply. Remember the deadline is February 28th.
This past year was definitely a rough one, but I hope everyone gets the vaccine so we can see each other in 2021!
All the best,
With the Super Bowl upon us, I know that many football fans are divided by their passion for the teams involved. Some people are die hard Tom Brady fans, and some fans despise him and want to see the Eagles fly!! But one thing we can come together and agree on is that we are all fans of the Scholarship Fund.
Since February is here, remember that the deadline for applications to the Scholarship Fund is rapidly approaching. The application is available right here on our website and is due by February 28th, no exceptions. I want to help even more students this year, but we can only do that if they apply. That is why I am requesting that all those involved in the Employer Carrier side of the law, remind all Employers and Carriers that the children of those whose primary employment is connected with the administration of the Florida Workers' Compensation Act are eligible to apply for a scholarship. This includes insurance adjusters, secretaries, mediators, rehabilitation staff, risk management departments, and all those who are engaged in the administration of this same law. It is a win-win proposition.
Claimant attorneys should refresh their memory and make sure their clients, with college bound children, are aware of this opportunity. I am sure each of you has a client whose child may be eligible to receive a Scholarship. That also means that clients you may have represented many years ago, when their children were young, may now be college age and eligible to receive our scholarship. Every little bit helps these kids achieve their dreams.
My heartfelt thanks go out to all those that have spent time and effort in making this last year one of the most successful fund raising years in the history of the scholarship fund. This includes Kim DeArcangelis, AnnaMarie Kim-Miller, Peter Shapiro and the rest of your crew in Orlando for everything you do to make Cards for A Cause, such a fabulous event. I understand it will be June 8th this year so everyone mark your calendars. I really want to be there!!
I also want to thank everyone in the Treasure Coast area: Jim Walker, Jill Jacobs, Melanie Jacobson, Mike Bodik, and Paul Westcott to name a few for the many events you work so hard to plan. Between fishing tournaments, Trivia Nights, and educational events with the Judges, I don't know how you have time for your practices. In Jacksonville, Ed Williamsonand his team, and in Tallahassee, Tod Stupski and Mary Cruickshank always find a way to have fun and raise money at the same time.
Cory Schnepper's unbelievable dedication in producing our 25th Anniversary Celebration book and Eric Sandler's blood, sweat, and tears, for the Gala, both deserve a standing ovation. Cory's labor of love captured wonderful memories of our history with industry-wide support, and Eric's hard work and excellent negotiating skills made the banquet a financial win for the Scholarship Fund. Together these two raised over $60,000!!!
I am very grateful to all of you for working so hard to keep this dream of mine going strong.
In closing, please know that under the new tax code contributions to The Friends of 440 Scholarship Fund, Inc. REMAIN valid DEDUCTIONS. So help the kids and DONATE NOW!!!
Thanks again, Richard


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The Association for Asian Studies (AAS) is searching for a new Editor for its flagship journal. The Journal of Asian Studies (JAS) publishes the very best empirical and multidisciplinary work on Asia, spanning the arts, history, literature, the social sciences, and cultural studies. Experts around the world turn to this quarterly journal for the latest in-depth scholarship on Asia's past and present, for its extensive book reviews, and for its state-of-the-field essays on established and emerging topics.
The JAS Editor is responsible for all aspects of JAS production. The Editor works as liaison with the AAS Board of Directors (BOD) as well as manages an active editorial board of associate editors and book review editors, and an editorial staff. The Editor also works in partnership with Cambridge University Press's production team to produce four issues a year. The Editor is required to attend two AAS Board of Director meetings per year, in the spring (at the Annual Conference location) and fall (in Ann Arbor, MI). As a voting member of the BOD, the JAS Editor plays an active role in AAS activities and policies.
The desired length of time for an initial contract is a minimum of three years, which will be renewable after performance review. The Editor should remain at their home institution for the duration of the editorship. The institution and the AAS must enter a cost-sharing arrangement, with the home institution covering time release for the Editor, office space and equipment, and a part-time editorial assistant, among others, upon negotiation. The AAS is also prepared to consider proposals for joint editorships.
PhD and a strong record of scholarship in the field of Asian Studies. The editor must demonstrate broad knowledge of scholarly journal publishing. Competitive candidates are likely to be associate or full professors or the equivalent. Experience in scholarly editing is desirable.
We solicit nominations or expressions of self-interest in the position to begin officially on July 1, 2021. The new editor should be able to make appropriate arrangements with their local institution and be prepared to participate in the editorial transition process by January 1, 2021.
For initial screening, those interested in the position should send:
- A statement of interest detailing their qualifications and priorities if appointed editor
- an indication of the level and type of support to be expected from the editor's home institution
- Curriculum vitae
Please send all materials to AAS Executive Director Hilary Finchum-Sung (email@example.com) by February 15, 2020.
Individuals who wish to know more details regarding the application process, financial compensation, cost-sharing expectations from the editor's home institution, length of appointment, etc. should contact the Executive Director. The search committee will interview candidates for the Editor position at the AAS 2020 Annual Conference in Boston.

subset: commoncrawl


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Day One of the 2021 NFL Draft Was a Forgettable One For the Big 12 Conference
Going into the 2021 NFL Draft, I was not too confident that more than one Big 12 player would hear their name called on day one. Last year we saw a total of five Big 12 players hear their name called on day one. But Thursday night was the exact opposite of that.
Earlier this week NFL.com's Bucky Brooks had his final mock draft with two Big 12 players being taken in the first round (TCU safety Trevon Moehrig and Oklahoma State offensive tackle Teven Jenkins). Yet the picks kept on coming in and by the time the first round ended, no Big 12 player heard their name called.
Was I shocked? Not really considering there was no true "superstar" pick the Big 12 had to offer. However, it doesn't really matter what I think or feel because the perception of the Big 12 took a hit on Thursday night.
In fact, the Big 12 made history last night for all the wrong reasons. For starters, it was the first time ever that the Big 12 did not have a player taken in the first round. Ever since 1997, the conference has had at least one player selected in the first round and that came to an end. To make matters worse, it was the first time a power conference has not had a first round pick since the Big East back in 2006.
If you break down the first round, here is what it looks like among power five conferences.
|# of First Round Picks
|Big Ten
|Big 12
It is certainly not a great look for the Big 12 and it even looks worse considering the American Athletic Conference even had two first round picks.
Don't get me wrong, this does not take away from the Big 12's on the field success during bowl season or have any real effect on this season's upcoming results. If you want to look on the brighter side of things, the conference will likely have two teams in the preseason top five and a few first round picks in next year's draft. Depending on how 2021 shakes out, we could be looking at two top ten picks between Oklahoma's Spencer Rattler and Iowa State's Brock Purdy. But until then, let's hope we hear plenty of Big 12 players names called over the weekend.
**Want to win a $25 gift card? Go sign up here and join our conversation! The best poster each week wins a gift card to your favorite establishment!**


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By Stt1
Hero (626)
08-07-2017, 12:27
Oops, partially answered into the wrong topic - I offered a trade in Rate it R-topic.
By digital_morrison
Rookie (19)
23-07-2017, 13:27
wow - the entire Time Gal system? anyone want to buy this? still another day left in the auction...
24-07-2017, 17:54
$2800 final sale price, brutal!! but i guess this isn't exactly a common item!!
By magicman
Resident (63)
19-11-2017, 22:55
no news?
By MSX Calamar
Resident (64)
22-03-2018, 10:25
VROOM comes with encoded program on disk.
Birdie Try comes with cassette
Road Blaster comes with cassette
Time Gal comes with cassette
By rderooy
Paladin (686)
22-03-2018, 16:36
That corresponds with GenMSX. Do you have any VHD material?
01-05-2018, 11:02
I am searching for Alice in chemical reaction VHD.
I can pay well.
13-06-2018, 12:49
No one? ^-^
14-06-2018, 22:29
VHD is very rare, and this is perhaps the rarest of the VHD releases. It is like searching for a needle in a haystack. I have never seen it for sale, and the only image we have from the cover is from an old Japanese magazine.
18-06-2018, 11:58
Don't you have an account yet? Become an MSX-friend and register an account!
Register now


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When golfers are looking for equipment the importance of the cart golf bags are often overlooked. Being properly equipped while you are on the golf course is one of the most important things in determining if you will have a successful round. The last thing you need to happen is being in the middle of your round and not having exactly what you need because your bag does not properly hold everything you need. Before you select a golf bag you need to know exactly how you plan to use it. Will you be using it while riding on a cart? Will you be carrying it while walking, or will you be pushing it on a handcart? Knowing the answers to these questions will help you select the correct size and weight. Cart Golf Bags are made by dozens of manufacturers.
Some of the major manufactures include Nike, Datrek, Bag Boy, Wilson, and Ogio. They also come in a variety of colors, sizes and weights. They are designed for the professional golfers and with the amateur man or woman golfer in mind.
You can find them with your favorite college or professional sport team's logos and colors. Before choosing any of the many types available here are some things to consider: How many pockets are necessary to carry all your gear? Is the strap padded and sturdy enough to allow me to carry the bag correctly? Once it is fully stocked will it be light enough to carry for a full round of golf? Is it weatherproofed? If you plan to use a pushcart does it have all the correct attachments? How many club dividers are built in for club organization? Is there a rain hood/cover included? The weight of each type of bag varies, most of them weigh between six and nine and a half pounds, empty. The average price you can expect to pay varies. But if you plan to spend between $100 and $300 you will be in the ballpark to be able to purchase one that is top of the line. It really depends on if you want a "basic" golf bag, or one with all the bells and whistles. They now have options such as umbrella holders, ball holders, and bags that will actually keep a six-pack cool.
Also check out the manufactures warranty. Each company's warranty varies in length of time and what is actually covered in case of any necessary repairs. Whether you are a man or woman, beginner or veteran the selection of a cart golf bags is enormous.
Just make sure that you really know how you need it to function before you select one.
For more information on cart golf bags, visit Cart Golf Bags today!


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Our Therapeutic Handmade Soap Bars
Each of our Therapy Bars are made with different high-quality ingredients for a specific type of skin therapy or ailment. Each of these bars focuses on healthy skin. From dry skin to skin abrasions and everything in between. Take a moment to read the skin benefits for each unique bar.
Lemongrass is an anti-microbial and anti-bacterial herb. This means it will help limit bacterial and/or microbial growth on the skin. It can help ward off skin infections as well as lessen skin issues caused by bacterial infections such as Cellulitis and Folliculitis. Lemongrass is also a fungicidal, which means it helps cure fungal infections on the skin. The herb also acts as an astringent, which constricts the skin. This helps to minimize pores, limit the secretions of oil and provide a temporary skin-firming treatment. Sugar is added to each bar to exfoliate dead skin tissue.
Long Lasting
Handmade soap will last much longer than any com


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Grey Lynn & Around Chair Paul Stephenson led the formal farewell to Jennifer Northover this month as she retired from our Board.
He said for nine years Jennifer has been the Chair, the Secretary, indeed the heart and soul of the Board and of the neighbourhood. A resident of Grey Lynn for more than 25 years, Paul said Jennifer is the person who 'has made this organisation happen!' See full story in this month's Ponsonby News.
Pic Jennifer and Tracy Hickman


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Contact Us
Customer support: please contact us at email@example.com or DM us on Instagram @waterboycan.
Partnerships: please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com or DM us on Instagram @waterboycan.
We are also available by courier pigeon at:
5323 Lavander Loop
Austin, TX 78702
We will try our best to answer everything asap!


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Vega Phone Grip
Low profile plastic phone grip which adheres securely to the back of a phone or phone case. It has a metal ring that snaps out to provide a secure finger grip or a handy phone stand.
Silver, White, Yellow, Orange, Pink, Red, Bright Green, Light Blue, Dark Blue, Black.
W 31mm x L 40mm x 5mm.
Branding Options
Pad Print: 15mm x 15mm.
Pad Print: 15mm x 15mm.
Loose packed.
Loose packed.
Carton Dimensions: 45 cm x 29 cm x 29 cm
Carton Cube: 0.04 m³
Carton Quantity: 1000 pieces
Carton Weight: 14.50kg
Please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com for a customised quote.


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KK Hammond releases Devils' Kin Blues. With Cerys Matthews on the case, check out the video that adds to the slowly building KK Hammond portfolio.
Anyone unfamiliar with KK Hammond, may delight in the wonderful description of "dark and dirty slide blues by your favourite misanthropic, woodland-dwelling hermit."
On the new song, you can delight at the opening gambit of "Did you hear what they said? They call me a bad egg." Now, apart from the possibility of confusing KK Hammond with KK Downing (of Judas Priest of course…), how often do you hear the terrific term 'bad egg'? Fans Of Fawlty Towers will immediately point to permanent resident Major Gowen in The Germans episode, but maybe this is the first time in song.
She may well be touting the Devil's music while playing assorted games at his table along with his cast of minions, but there's an element of tongue in cheekiness about proceedings. Lo-fi, raw and rootsy, KK and Old Nick make a lovely couple with their cute pet alligator.
All we can suggest is to take up the invitation to take a drink of whisky from a dead man's boot, kiss the Devil where the sun don't shine and check out the brilliant video here:
As a purveyor of the rich sound of the Resonator guitar, KK Hammond takes her influence from the time-honoured Delta Blues players of the 1930s, the roots music of Appalachia and its ancestors. London-born, KK took an interest in guitar, Americana and the Blues from an early age and spent some years exploring the back roads of the USA. Eventually, she settled in the English Countryside, where she works with horses. A self-professed hermit living in an isolated spot in the woods, K.K. enjoys exploring the wilderness surrounding her home to seek inspiration for her songwriting.
KK Hammond online: Website / Facebook / Twitter / Instagram / Youtube
You can follow At The Barrier on Twitter here, and like us on Facebook here. We really appreciate your support.
Categories: Uncategorised


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Weapons and War Crimes: The Complicity of Arms Suppliers
By Lisa Misol
From Rwanda's genocide to massacres by paramilitaries and rebels in Colombia, the provision of arms, ammunition, and other forms of military support to known human rights abusers has enabled them to carry out atrocities against civilians. The perpetrators of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide are on notice that they may be hauled before a national or international criminal tribunal to face charges. Yet the individuals and states who provide the weapons used in massive human rights abuses have so far been let off the hook for their central role in facilitating these crimes.
Individual arms traffickers and the states who use their services reject out of hand the idea that they bear some responsibility for fueling abuses. Human rights organizations and their allies in the humanitarian, public health, development, conflict prevention, and disarmament communities have set out to prove otherwise. These activists have long worked to develop strong norms to prevent arms transfers in certain circumstances, including transfers that would facilitate the commission of human rights abuses and war crimes, the concern here. Increasingly, they are turning to the obligations of states and individuals under international law, especially concepts akin to complicity, to establish a norm against arms supplies to abusers that has teeth.
Arms and Human Rights Abuses
In the early hours of January 6, l999, rebels of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) launched an offensive against the Sierra Leonean capital, Freetown. As the rebels took control of the city, they turned their weapons on the civilian population. The rebels gunned down civilians within their houses, rounded them up and massacred them on the streets, hacked off the hands of children and adults, burned people alive in their houses and cars, and systematically sexually assaulted women and girls. Before withdrawing from the city later that month, the rebels set fire to neighborhoods, leaving entire city blocks in ashes and over 51,000 people homeless. On their way back to the hills, the RUF took with them thousands of abductees, mostly children and young women. All told, several thousands of civilians were killed in Freetown by the end of January.
The RUF was heavily backed by the government of Charles Taylor in Liberia, which provided arms, troops, and other support in exchange for diamonds and other riches that were under the RUF's control in Sierra Leone. Never mind that both Liberia and the RUF were subject to mandatory United Nations arms embargoes. All Taylor needed were regional allies such as Burkina Faso willing to provide false cover for weapons deliveries, arms suppliers such as Ukraine willing to sell weapons with no questions asked, and the vast networks provided by private traffickers such as Victor Bout to acquire and move the goods from Point A to Point B, falsifying the paperwork along the way. The private actors involved and the governments they worked with were exposed, including in detailed reports by U.N. investigators. But in spite of about a dozen U.N. investigative reports on violations of arms embargoes imposed on gross abusers—in Angola, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, and Somalia—not one of the persons named in the reports has been convicted in national courts for having breached these embargoes and thus having facilitated horrific abuses.
Against this backdrop of impunity, the indictment of Liberia's Charles Taylor by the U.N.-backed Special Court for Sierra Leone represents a watershed. It helps illustrate the concept of responsibility for atrocities committed by abusive forces whom one has supported by furnishing weapons or through other means. The indictment charges Taylor with "individual criminal responsibility" for crimes against humanity, war crimes, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in Sierra Leone by the RUF and allied forces. His responsibility, as detailed in the indictment, is based in part on his role in providing "financial support, military training, personnel, arms, ammunition and other support and encouragement" to these notoriously brutal rebels. By pointing to legal responsibility under international criminal law, the indictment is emblematic of an important approach. Arms campaigners are increasingly turning to human rights and humanitarian law as a basis to assert the responsibilities of both states and individuals.
Arms Transfers and the Responsibility of States
Recognition of states' responsibility to control arms transfers has evolved over time. Affected communities, activists, and progressive governments have moved the debate toward a greater recognition of the human rights consequences of weapons flows and greater consideration of the obligations this imposes on suppliers. This suggests important opportunities to strengthen the emerging norm against arms supplies to abusers.
Building norms from the bottom up
For many years, ethical arguments have been a backbone of efforts to prevent arms from getting into the wrong hands. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have long called for an end to government-authorized military assistance to gross abusers and decried the lack of control on private traffickers. Research has helped spotlight the problem. Groundbreaking investigative reports by Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International in the mid-1990s exposed the role of France, South Africa, Israel, Albania, Bulgaria, and others in arms supplies to Rwanda before and immediately after the 1994 genocide. As events in Rwanda tragically unfolded, the U.N. arms embargo imposed in the midst of the genocide went unheeded. Responding to such concerns, the U.N. Security Council in 1995 formed a commission of inquiry, known as UNICOI, to investigate violations of the Rwanda arms embargo. The Security Council largely buried the work of this commission, however, as its findings were deemed to be too politically sensitive. Little will existed to embarrass states, let alone hold anyone accountable.
Awareness of the human cost of uncontrolled transfers grew throughout the 1990s, as civil wars were spread in many parts of the world. Civilians have been caught in the crossfire or directly targeted by armed attackers. Journalists, humanitarian workers, and peacekeepers have witnessed this violence and often themselves been victims of it. Spurred by such atrocities and by continued civil society research and campaigning, states progressively adopted minimum arms-transfer criteria at the national, regional, and international level. For example, as a new spirit of ethics in foreign policy took hold—in principle if considerably less firmly in practice—in South Africa in 1994 and in the United Kingdom in 1997, these states pledged to halt arms transfers to human rights abusers. By the late 1990s, growing pressure helped lead to a number of voluntary regional and sub-regional measures that built on such national-level commitments. For example, in 1998 the European Union adopted a Code of Conduct on Arms Exports. That same year, the Economic Community of West African States adopted a three-year moratorium, since extended, on the import, export, and manufacture of small arms and light weapons. These and other measures have marked progress, but have fallen woefully short of the mark. A key weakness is that they are not binding and are thus often disregarded in practice.
Much attention has focused on the widespread availability and devastating misuse of one category of conventional weapon: small arms and light weapons, which are personal weapons such as pistols, assault rifles, and rocket-propelled grenade launchers. Some of this attention has been directed to ensuring that minimum arms transfer criteria are in place to keep such weapons out of the hands of abusers. But there also has been resistance to the idea of the responsibility of states with regard to authorized transfers—so called "legal" transfers—and many governments have insisted on discussing small arms only with respect to their illicit traffic—i.e., in cases where there is no state authorization. In July 2001, the U.N. hosted the first-ever international conference on small arms. It drew needed attention to this global scourge and helped motivate states to begin to tackle it. The conference resulted in a "Program of Action" document specifying actions that should be taken at the national, regional, and international level. Unfortunately, this was a watered-down consensus document focused on preventing and combating illicit small arms transfers, and it largely leaves aside the issue of government-authorized arms deals.
Since 2001, states in some regions have been able to find common ground and have agreed on measures to restrain authorized arms transfers. An ever-growing number of states have promised not to approve arms transfers where there is reason to believe these will contribute to human rights abuses and violations of international law. Such commitments are in keeping with the duty of states to respect and ensure respect for international human rights and humanitarian law.
Toward legally binding measures
Despite pledges to the contrary, weapons continue to find their way all too readily to areas—from the Democratic Republic of Congo to Sri Lanka—where they are used to commit serious human rights abuses and violations of international humanitarian law. There have been many calls from civil society to give binding legal status to existing commitments. State practice is slowly developing in this area, in part in response to scandals. In 2002, for example, Belgium—in contravention of the E.U. Code of Conduct—approved an arms transfer to Nepal, a country in conflict whose government had been implicated in a pattern of serious human rights abuses involving abduction, torture, and summary executions. The Nepal arms affair led a Belgian government minister to resign and prompted the federal parliament to pass a landmark law making national arms export criteria binding. These criteria are largely based on the E.U. Code of Conduct—and include a requirement that recipients of arms must comply with human rights and international humanitarian law.
Another important trend has been greater, if still uneven, attention to the enforcement of arms embargoes on gross human rights abusers. The efforts of UNICOI in the mid-1990s to document arms supplies to the forces that committed genocide in Rwanda were downplayed at the time. But the UNICOI experience helped open the door to a series of hard-hitting U.N. investigations that garnered greater public attention. Beginning with a March 2000 report on violations of an embargo then in place against Angolan rebels, various U.N. investigations by panels of experts have given new legitimacy and a name—"naming and shaming"—to efforts to hold arms suppliers and traffickers responsible for their behavior. These investigations have largely focused on the private traffickers who are a crucial link in the sanctions-busting chain. But the panels also have named governments, including heads of governments. For example, the president of Burkina Faso was accused of directly facilitating Liberia's arms-for-diamonds trade, to the benefit of the RUF in Sierra Leone.
U.N. arms embargoes are binding on states, but in reality this means little if there are no consequences for their violation. Beginning with the first Angola panel report, the U.N. has considered imposing secondary sanctions on governments found to have breached the embargoes. This was done once, in the case of Liberia, which was subjected to a strengthened arms embargo as well as a travel ban, diamond sanctions, and later timber sanctions, in response to its support for rebels in Sierra Leone in violation of the U.N. embargo.
International law and the role of states in arms transfers
Beyond respecting arms embargoes, states have other international legal responsibilities they should consider when weighing weapons transfer decisions. For example, the 2001 U.N. Program of Action on small arms included an important reference to states' obligations. It acknowledged that national arms export controls must be "consistent with existing obligations of states under relevant international law." It offered no further elaboration. Arms campaigners have called on states to affirm that those obligations encompass international human rights and humanitarian law. In these and other ways, states have been forced to consider their responsibility under international law for the consequences of their arms transfers.
States involved in arms transfers bear a measure of responsibility for the abuses carried out with the weapons they furnish. This is true of arms-supplying states that approve arms deals where they have reason to believe the weapons may be misused. Exporting states in particular—as well as those that serve as transshipment points or as bases for arms brokering, transport, and financing—also must share in the responsibility for abuses when they fail to exercise adequate control over private traffickers who make weapons available to anyone who can pay.
The notion that one state can bear legal responsibility for helping another state breach international law has been recognized by a leading international body that promotes and codifies developments in international law. The International Law Commission, in its Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, adopted in 2001, concluded that: "A State which aids or assists another State in the commission of an internationally wrongful act by the latter is internationally responsible for doing so if: (a) That State does so with knowledge of the circumstances of the internationally wrongful act; and (b) The act would be internationally wrongful if committed by that State." In its commentary to the articles, the ILC applied this legal concept to the question of arms transfers: "[A] State may incur responsibility if it assists another State to circumvent [U.N.] sanctions —or provides material aid to a State that uses the aid to commit human rights violations. In this respect, the United Nations General Assembly has called on Member States in a number of cases to refrain from supplying arms and other military assistance to countries found to be committing serious human rights violations. Where the allegation is that the assistance of a State has facilitated human rights abuses by another State, the particular circumstances of each case must be carefully examined to determine whether the aiding State was aware of and intended to facilitate the commission of the internationally wrongful conduct."
The question of the "secondary responsibility" of governments for armed atrocities has recently been examined by a special rapporteur on human rights and small arms with the U.N. Sub-Commission on the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights. In a May 2002 working paper, she highlighted that: "States are prohibited from aiding another State in the commission of internationally wrongful acts. That prohibition could be invoked in situations where a transferring State supplies small arms to another State with knowledge that those arms are likely to be used in a violation of human rights or humanitarian law — States do have important obligations under international human rights and humanitarian law that could be interpreted to prohibit them from transferring small arms knowing they will be used to violate human rights." Her work has stressed, as noted in her June 2003 preliminary report, that "[t]o prevent transfer of small arms into situations where they will be used to commit serious violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, the international community should — further articulate principles regarding State responsibility in the transfer of small arms."
This approach is at the core of a proposed international Arms Trade Treaty, which would be a binding instrument containing strong human rights and international humanitarian law criteria to govern the arms transfer decisions of states. The Arms Trade Treaty grew out of an earlier initiative by Nobel Peace Laureates, led by former Costa Rican president Oscar Arias, to promote international standards on arms transfers. The draft treaty addresses the existing obligations of states under international law and applies them to decisions to authorize arms transfers. Its central provisions would prohibit arms transfers where the authorizing government knows or ought reasonably to know that the weapons will be used to commit genocide, crimes against humanity, serious human rights abuses, or serious violations of international humanitarian law.
In October 2003, Amnesty International, Oxfam, and the International Action Network on Small Arms—consisting of more than 500 organizations, including Human Rights Watch—launched the "Control Arms" campaign in some seventy countries. The centerpiece of this effort is a push to promote negotiation of an Arms Trade Treaty by 2006, when the U.N. will host a follow-up to the 2001 small arms conference. The proposed Arms Trade Treaty is intended to cover all conventional arms and would apply to all manner of arms transfers, including transshipment and re-exports, not only direct exports. Some states have begun to step forward to champion the treaty idea, with Mali and Costa Rica taking an early lead. Negotiating such a binding international instrument on arms transfers would represent a major step forward in defining state responsibility for the human rights consequences of arms transfers.
Arms Transfers and Individual Responsibility
Just as there is a major push to hold states responsible for authorizing transfers of arms used to commit violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is also an impetus towards holding individuals accountable for their involvement in such arms transfers under international criminal law. Private arms trafficking to gross human rights abusers is in part an issue of state responsibility, in that such transfers often can be traced to governments that fail to implement and enforce adequate controls on private traffickers. In some cases, governments knowingly take part in illicit arms trafficking, as when officials provide false cover for arms shipments they know are destined elsewhere. But arms traffickers often do not work on behalf of specific states and instead have multiple clients, sometimes arming opposing sides in a given conflict. As arms traffickers establish transnational criminal enterprises, they seek to avoid the reach of national law. To address this widespread problem, nongovernmental groups have pressed for states to impose controls on arms brokers, licensing their activities using strict human rights criteria, and to move forward to negotiate binding international treaties on arms brokering and marking and tracing of weapons.
There is also scope to consider the individual responsibility of arms traffickers under international law. A review of the recent practice of international criminal tribunals suggests how this could come about. Under international criminal law, there are various ways in which a person may incur individual criminal responsibility. The most obvious way is as perpetrator, the person who directly commits the crime, as in the case of an individual soldier who slaughters civilians. A second possibility involves a person who holds a position of superior authority. Under the principle of "command responsibility," this person can be held responsible for crimes committed by a subordinate, where the superior knew or had reason to know of the subordinate's intended or actual crimes and failed to take the necessary and reasonable measures to prevent the crime or to punish the perpetrator. Neither of these two theories is likely to cover the activities of the arms trafficker who supplies the weapons used by the perpetrators.
The legal concept of complicity may be relevant in such cases. In lay terms, complicity relates to knowingly helping someone commit a crime without necessarily sharing the intent of the perpetrator. The Special Court in Sierra Leone drew on this legal concept in its indictment of Charles Taylor. Among other things, Taylor stands indicted for having "aided and abetted" abuses perpetrated by Sierra Leonean rebels—including acts that terrorized the civilian population, unlawful killings, widespread sexual violence, extensive physical violence, the use of child soldiers, abductions and forced labor, looting and burning, and attacks on peacekeepers and humanitarian workers—through the provision of financing, training, weapons, and other support and encouragement to the rebels. Taylor is also accused of more direct involvement in crimes in Sierra Leone and so it is not clear to what extent the Special Court will examine complicity theory even if Taylor is apprehended and tried, but the indictment itself is nonetheless an intriguing development for those looking for new ways to hold arms suppliers accountable.
Relevant case law
An examination of case law from other international criminal tribunals illuminates the potential for prosecuting arms suppliers for providing weapons to known abusers.
The concept of individual criminal responsibility for assisting in the commission of a crime without directly committing that crime is a general principle of criminal law. Indeed, one can be prosecuted for aiding many types of crimes recognized under international law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) has elaborated this point in the context of cases involving accessories to war crimes and crimes against humanity. "Aiding" in international criminal law entails providing practical assistance that has a substantial effect on the commission of the crime.81 According to the ICTY, an "aider" must intentionally provide assistance to the perpetrator with knowledge of the perpetrator's intent to commit a crime, but need not himself or herself support the aim of the perpetrator.82 Moreover, the ICTY has stated that a person may be liable as an accessory whether the assistance is provided before, during, or after the specific crime in question is committed.83
In the case of the crimes of genocide and torture, international conventions outlawing those acts explicitly state that acts of complicity in those crimes are punishable.84 The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) has further outlined what the specific crime of complicity in genocide entails. As elaborated by the ICTR, there are three elements of complicity in genocide: complicity by procuring means to commit genocide, by knowingly aiding and abetting genocide, or by instigating genocide.85 The first element is the one most likely to apply in relation to arms transfers, though the second could conceivably apply as well in some circumstances.
The ICTR trial chamber explicitly linked weapons to genocide, by stating that one may be complicit in genocide "by procuring means, such as weapons, instruments or any other means, used to commit genocide, with the accomplice knowing that such means would be used for such a purpose."86 Thus, a person who knowingly provides weapons to a group that he or she was aware was carrying out a genocidal campaign could in principle be tried as an accomplice to acts of genocide. This could be true of someone who distributed the weapons in Rwanda, as has been alleged in several cases brought before the ICTR. An arms trafficker based outside a country in which genocide takes place could also in principle be prosecuted as an accomplice to genocide for making weapons available to genocidal forces.
The potential to prosecute: Illustrative examples
The statutes of neither the ICTR nor ICTY specifically identify the provision of weapons or other concrete military assistance as constituting practical assistance for the purposes of establishing criminal liability for "aiding" in the commission of a crime, yet the case law cited above suggests it is reasonable to interpret them as such. It would be interesting to push this approach further and explore the possibilities of prosecuting an arms supplier under this theory. Persons involved in arms supply networks, by providing such assistance, may in some circumstances make a contribution to the crimes committed with those weapons. Where there is also evidence that these persons were aware of the intent of their clients to commit certain crimes, then they toomightbe held legally responsible.
In the case of the crime of complicity in genocide, to date no international prosecution has been attempted against an arms trafficker outside the country for making weapons available to genocidal forces. One illustrative example, however, suggests some of the elements a prosecution along those lines might entail. The case is that of Mil-Tec, a British company that delivered weapons to the Rwandan armed forces, including in air deliveries after the genocide was underway.87 The government that led the Rwandan genocide took power following the April 6, 1994, killing of then President Juvenal Habyarimana. One of the first acts of the new interim government was to make contact with Mil-Tec to place an urgent order for U.S.$854,000 worth of arms and ammunition. Ultimately, Rwandan records show, Mil-Tec provided a total U.S.$5.5 million worth of ammunition and grenades in five separate deliveries on April 18, April 25, May 5, May 9, and May 20. The last of these violated a mandatory U.N. arms embargo imposed on May 17, 1994.88 The genocide was underway during the time of the arms deliveries—and was widely reported—so one could try to establish that arms traffickers supplying the interim Rwandan government knewhow the weapons would be used.
One might also be able to prosecute individuals who supply arms to forces known to be responsible for crimes other than genocide, namely war crimes and crimes against humanity. Here the example of Victor Bout, described by one expert as "the McDonald's of arms trafficking – the brand name" is perhaps apt as an illustration. A string of U.N. reports have accused Bout, a Russian citizen, of playing a key role in illicit weapons deliveries to Angola, Sierra Leone, and Liberia, and of involvement in military transport and the illegal plunder of natural resources in the DRC. In order to establish criminal liability under a complicity theory, one would also need to show that Bout was aware of the circumstances in the recipient countries, the human rights records of the parties he supplied, and their intent to commit more crimes. Bout, who denies being involved in sanctions-busting, is currently in Moscow, successfully avoiding arrest under an international arrest warrant issued by Belgium.
Legal theories in action
The indictment of Charles Taylor by the Sierra Leone Special Court (SCSL) explicitly treats the cross-border provision of weapons and other military support to known violators as a prosecutable offense. The case against Charles Taylor rests on much more than the transfer of weapons, and a trial against him would be important in many respects. But to the extent that he is found criminally responsible for providing material support to the RUF, it could serve as an important precedent and wake-up call to arms traffickers the world over.
The Taylor indictment is not the only opportunity to send that message. The SCSL has ongoing investigations related to the arming of the RUF. The Court is actively investigating cases involving those who orchestrated arms shipments. Consistent with its mandate, it is focused on those who thus bear the "greatest responsibility" for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone, meaning in this case those who played a central role in the provision of arms. As confirmed to Human Rights Watch by the SCSL's Chief of Investigations, Alan White: "If a person is the principal supplier of arms and knows that and also knows that the weapons will be misused, then this person certainly would have individual criminal responsibility and would be prosecuted [by the Court]." The statute of the SCSL specifically provides for prosecution of "a person who planned, instigated, ordered, committed or otherwise aided and abetted" the crimes it sets forth.
While the Special Court is focused on the masterminds of the atrocities in Sierra Leone and their main backers, a Truth and Reconciliation Commission also is examining who took part in gross abuses in Sierra Leone and who assisted them in the commission of those crimes. To the extent that it looks at the role of arms traffickers, the work of this commission also would help ensure greater accountability for their actions.
The International Criminal Court provides a key possible venue for holding individuals responsible for "the most serious crimes of concern to the international community." The statute of the International Criminal Court explicitly asserts the responsibility of someone who "[f]or the purpose of facilitating the commission of such a crime, aids, abets or otherwise assists in its commission or its attempted commission, including providing the means for its commission."
The chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Luis Moreno-Ocampo, has expressed interest in the role of private actors in fueling war crimes and crimes against humanity, with special reference to the illegal exploitation of resources in the Democratic Republic of Congo. If and when the Court prosecutes persons who have been complicit in or conspired in the commission of gross abuses, it will help further elaborate the legal basis to hold individuals criminally responsible for fanning the flames of armed conflict and associated abuses.
Another possibility, as yet unexplored by the international community, would be to allow international courts to prosecute arms traffickers for violating arms embargoes. Such action would address only those human rights crises that are covered by an arms embargo, but would be an important complement to other efforts. It could be accomplished if an international or hybrid court created to prosecute atrocities in a country subject to a U.N. arms embargo, such as Liberia, were to include violations of that embargo in the list of crimes in its statute. Foreseeing such a possibility, the Security Council could note in its resolutions that violations by governments and individuals of the embargoes it imposes might be prosecuted before international criminal courts with jurisdiction.
Examination and possibly further development of existing legal theories may shed some light on the responsibilities of both states and individuals with respect to the transfer of weapons to gross abusers. Progress to date has been slow, however, and there is a need to push these concepts further to secure change. The governments and private traffickers who dismiss the very notion that they might be held responsible for supplying weapons to known abusers need to learn that they are wrong: they can and should be held accountable for their role in facilitating atrocities.
81 See, for example, Prosecutor v. Furundzija, Case No. IT-95-17/1 (Trial Chamber), December 10, 1998, para. 234-5, 249; Prosecutor v. Vasiljevic, Case No. IT-98-32-T (Trial Chamber), November 29, 2002, para. 70; and Prosecutor v. Blaskic, Case No. IT-95-14 (Trial Chamber), March 3, 2000, para. 285.
82 See, for example, Blaskic, (Trial Chamber), March 3, 2000, para. 286; Furundzija, (Trial Chamber), December 10, 1998, para. 246; and Furundzija, (Trial Chamber), December 10, 1998, para. 245, 249.
83 See, for example, Vasiljevic, (Trial Chamber), November 29, 2002, para. 70; and Blaskic, (Trial Chamber), March 3, 2000, para. 285.
84 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, December 9, 1948, Article 3 (e); and Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, December 10, 1984, Article 4 (1).
85 Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T (Trial Chamber), September 2, 1998, para. 533-537. See also, for example, Prosecutor v. Semanza, Case No. ICTR-97-20 (Trial Chamber), May 15, 2003, para. 393, 395.
86 Akayesu, (Trial Chamber), September 2, 1998, para. 533-537. The Chamber defined complicity "per the Rwandan Penal Code."
87 See, for example, Human Rights Watch, Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda (New York: Human Rights Watch, 1999), pp. 649-53.
88 Mil-Tec was registered in the Isle of Man, which at the time was not covered in the U.K. legislation codifying the U.N. arms embargo into British law. Due to another loophole, the company also escaped scrutiny under U.K. arms export controls. Thus the activities of Mil-Tec were technically legal and could not be the basis for a prosecution under national law. See, for example, "Human Rights Watch Calls on Britain to Crack Down on Violators of International Arms Embargoes," Press Release, November 25, 1996.


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Spoilers for parts of the Marvel Cinematic Universe and mild spoilers for "WandaVision" below:
After creating the longest and most successful franchise of films in history, with "Avengers: Endgame" accumulating the most revenue ever generated by a film, many were left wondering what on earth the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) would do next.
We're all pretty familiar with the superhero formula by now. Someone dealing with trauma gains superpowers and then learns how to vanquish evil while healing from their emotional wounds. It all culminates in a final, epic showdown where the hero must summon all of their strength to defeat an evil similar to, but stronger than, the one that harmed them initially. The hero wins the battle just as all hope appears to be lost, and then we all leave the theater feeling happy and exhilarated while the staff cleans up our spilled popcorn and candy.
The creators of "WandaVision" understood that this formula was becoming a bit too familiar, and sought to use a new medium, the TV show, to create something unprecedented in the MCU.
"WandaVision" relies on one evident truth about superheroes that many other superhero films do not address adequately: it's hard to be a hero. Being a hero often means sacrificing what you love most, and that can lead heroes to lose sight of what they fought for, plunging them into depression and hopelessness.
Prior to the events of "WandaVision," Wanda Maximoff's (Elizabeth Olsen) parents were killed in Sokovia when a "Stark" weapon was fired into their apartment building. She then joined a terrorist organization (HYDRA) that experimented on her, unlocking her telekinetic, psychokinetic and energy manipulation powers.
She lived the traditional superhero formula in "Avengers: Age of Ultron," "Infinity War" and "Endgame," in the process of losing her brother, Pietro, and her husband, the Vision (Paul Bettany), while temporarily moving past her trauma to help defeat both Ultron and Thanos.
After defeating Thanos, Wanda is lost and alone. In a world where she has nearly unlimited power, but no friends, no parents, no brother and no husband, she begins to lose control. Her depression, empty rage and hopelessness take over, and, eventually, Wanda's inner emptiness explodes.
Ground zero of this explosion is the town of Westview, New Jersey. She remakes this entire town with her ability to manipulate energy and matter in the image of classic sitcoms like "The Dick van Dyke Show" and "Bewitched" that she had always binge-watched to escape her depression in her youth.
Just as sitcoms were an escape from a depressing reality for Wanda in the past (and for many of us in the present), Wanda escapes her current reality by creating an illusory one, living the life of a sitcom character rather than dealing with her emptiness.
As the show goes on, Wanda slips further and further away from sanity. As she unravels, so too does the illusion that she created.
This is no show about heroes and villains, but rather about what happens to a hero who falls to despair when they no longer have anything to hope for or anything to love.
The first three episodes of "WandaVision" play out as if they were traditional sitcoms, with clues as to what's really going on peppered throughout each episode. "House of M" Marvel Comics fans will surely scour each frame for numerous references and "Easter eggs" that are hidden throughout the series.
After the fourth episode, the series becomes less coy and comedic and much more raw and direct regarding Wanda's trauma.
Olsen is at the top of her game in "WandaVision," playing a fictional character who is playing other fictional characters from different eras of television history in each episode. Olsen displays incredible range and prowess in "WandaVision." Whether she is imitating Mrs. Petrie from "The Dick van Dyke Show" or Samantha Stephens from "Bewitched," Olsen is also doing so as a broken and desperate Wanda Maximoff.
Alongside Olsen in terms of acting prowess is Bettany as a Vision who remembers nothing of his past, yet still comes to suspect that something in Westview is gravely wrong.
The high attention to detail in the physical production of "WandaVision" and the show's intentional cinematography, always shifting to mirror new timeframes and eras in television history, deserves high praise. Those who pay attention to such things as cinematography and physical production design will be greatly rewarded in watching "WandaVision," as its true story is often told more through these elements of the show's creation than through its dialogue.
However, what should be praised above all else in "WandaVision" is the quality and ambition of its script. "WandaVision" is treading new ground in the superhero film genre, and it does so with a high level of skill, creating an intriguing story that continues to perplex, excite and compel audiences.
Though "WandaVision" is indeed compelling, ambitious and skillfully executed, it is not a perfect production. This show might bore audiences that were expecting more traditional superhero fare, and it focuses so much on creating an intriguing mystery for audiences to solve that some characters' development feels rushed.
Despite its flaws, "WandaVision" is certainly a bold new step for the MCU that signals to us all that the most successful and popular franchise in history isn't afraid to go in new directions and take risks.
Unlike most major productions today, "WandaVision" is a show that feels fresh and will not fail to provoke the mind of the intentional viewer, which makes it well worth the watch.


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Online publication of Attacks on Justice 2002
The ICJ announces the online publication of "Attacks on Justice: A Global Report on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers" between January 2000 and November 2001.
This publication highlights one of the most challenging issues confronting the legal community in the promotion and protection of human rights: the independence of judges and lawyers.
Attacks on Justice evaluates the state of law and its practice in relation to the independence of judges and lawyers in 47 countries. It catalogues the cases of at least 315 jurists who suffered reprisals for carrying out their professional duties. Of these, 38 were killed, 5 disappeared, 44 were prosecuted, arrested, detained or even tortured, 23 physically attacked, 67 verbally threatened and 109 professionally obstructed and / or sanctioned.
The ICJ would like to thank IrelandAid, the British Foreign & Commonwealth Office, and Mr William J. Butler and the Paul D Schurgot Foundation Inc. for their support in making this publication available in all formats.
attacks on justice-2002-publication-2002-eng (full text in English, PDF)Attacks on JusticeAttacks on Justice 2002NewsPublicationsWeb stories


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Janine Cross
The Wandering Eye
The Footstop Cafe
Run by Karen Morton, the eccentric, sex-fantasy-prone mother in a hilarious yet deeply troubled dysfunctional family in North Vancouver, the Footstop Cafe is a place to put your feet up near the beautiful but tragedy-plagued Lynn Canyon and its vertigo-inspiring footbridge. Its the canyon and the cafe that serve as the nexus around which Karens universe revolves. Things happen here. Amazing things.
Karens husband is a podiatrist with a foot fetish, her teen daughter thinks shes a lesbian but is afraid to confront the reality, and her younger son is given to bowel movements in closets and the building of bombs. Throw in Karens unconventional Anglican priest father and his Tibetan wife, a hairy, fat male belly dancer named Moey, a randy virgin high-school boy diver with Olympic ambitions, and a host of other quirky, unforgettable characters, and you have a literary novel that is at turns absurdist, touching, manic, and supremely irreverent.
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text: Air Marshal Sir Edward 'Tap' Gordon Jones KCB CB CBE OBE DSO DFC, Greek DFC, RAF no. 37357 http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/commonwealth_jones.htm 31 August 1914 – 20 February 2007 'Tap' Jones (middle) in late 1940. Edward 'Tap' Gordon Jones was born on 31 August 1914 in Lancashire and was brought up in Widnes, near Liverpool. After school he entered Liverpool University to study Medicine before deciding to pursue veterinary science. Although he loved shooting, gun dogs and the outdoor life he had no real interest in being a vet, his sole ambition being to fly with the RAF. He neglected his studies, concentrating on rugby and courting his future wife, a fellow student. Eventually, his powerful mother gave up and let him join the RAF. He joined the RAF in 1935, and in 1937 was serving as Pilot Officer in 17 Squadron's 'B' Flight on Gauntlets, from which 80 Squadron was formed in March of that year; he became the unit's first adjutant in May. He was married in 1938 to Margery Hatfield. He was promoted Flying Officer and went with the squadron to the Middle East in April 1938, becoming a flight commander in March 1940. On 28 June 1940, after the Italian entry into the war, he took command of the flight formed in the squadron with the first Hurricanes. He became temporary commanding officer on 19 August 1940, but after the arrival of the new CO, was to lead a flight of Gladiators to Greece on 18 November.


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Kitchen Remodeling
Kitchen remodeling is the single most popular home renovation in the Dallas-Fort Worth Area. The reason is simple: this home improvement project adds the most value to a home. When done properly, a kitchen remodel can transform a dull, dated kitchen into the home's centerpiece and help the homeowner increase the value of their home.
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For most Dallas-Fort Worth homeowners, the kitchen is one of the most important rooms in the home and the center of a great deal of family activity. With so much use, it does not take long for many kitchens to begin to show their age.
No matter what your circumstances or budget, chances are good that your home could benefit from a makeover. The good news is that remodeling the kitchen is one of those rare home improvements that can substantially increase the resale value of the home. You will be able to recoup as much as 90% of the money spent on a kitchen remodel if you are planning to sell your house in the near future! Attractive and functional kitchens will often make a home seem more inviting and encourage buyers to pay the asking price. Kitchen remodeling will also give you a great return in the satisfaction and pleasure that you will get from living with a new kitchen.
Whether your goal is to enhance your home's value or simply to increase your family's enjoyment of the home, remodeling the kitchen can be a great project.
1. The theme
While you may well have a picture in your mind of what your dream kitchen will look like (perhaps you prefer the ultra-modern look, with stainless steel appliances and countertops or the durability of granite countertops and solid wood cabinets), it is still helpful to have the remodeling contractor sketch it all out on a piece of paper, or even on the computer. Seeing the finished project in this way will help you focus on the goal as you get started.
2. The space
It will also be helpful to consider the space you have to work with as you plan your kitchen remodeling project. If space is tight, there are ways to make the most of the space you have available, including wall mount shelving and racks to hold pots and pans, thereby freeing up much-needed counter and cabinet space. Replacing existing cabinets with larger ones can also solve storage problems and provide a less cluttered and more attractive environment.
Adding a kitchen island can also provide extra counter space and enhance the enjoyment of your kitchen. A kitchen island can create a great place for the family to enjoy a quick snack or meal, as well as providing additional space for all those necessities.
3. The appliances
The right appliances are, of course, another important part of a successful kitchen remodeling project. Many DFW homeowners choose to replace those worn out or out of date appliances with newer and more modern ones, and remodeling time can be a great time to make those changes. It is important to look at the colors and materials of the appliances you are considering and ensure that they will complement the look and feel of the rest of the kitchen.
Remodeling your kitchen is undoubtedly one of the best investments you can make. However, there is more to kitchen remodeling than just choosing a paint color and cabinet style. This project can be intensive, necessitating structural construction, ductwork, electrical work, plumbing, and other important design decisions. This makes it important that you hire a professional kitchen remodeling contractor in Dallas-Fort Worth for the job. If not, your project could ultimately end up costing much more time and funds than you forecasted, stressing you with incidents, errors, and code violations, and leaving you having a kitchen that may not necessarily end up being as functional or attractive as you would have hoped for.
Many homeowners in Dallas run away from remodeling their kitchens because they assume it will cost them a fortune. So, how much does a kitchen remodel really cost? The cost of a kitchen remodeling job can vary widely, depending on the extent of the remodel.
For the average $250,000 home in the Dallas-Fort Worth area, a complete kitchen remodel will range anywhere from $20,000 to $30,000 for a complete remodel with all new appliances. But you can easily spend over $100,000 if you let your kitchen remodel get out of hand, or if you desire a gourmet kitchen.
Of course, you can reduce the cost of your kitchen remodeling job by doing some of the work yourself, but if you are spending this kind of money, you want the final product to look professional, and unless you are an expert, it is usually best left to the kitchen remodeling professionals like AMD Remodeling.
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1. Countertop Renovation
If you are thinking about a kitchen remodel, it is important to consider the counter top. The counter top can be the focal point of your kitchen, or it can be completely hidden by cabinets. Either way, your kitchen needs a new counter top. There are a number of different types of counter tops available on the market today, and it is important to choose the right one for your kitchen.Some of the most popular types of counter tops are porcelain, granite, and quartz. Porcelain is the most popular type of counter top because it is both beautiful and durable. Granite is also a popular option because it has a natural look and feel that many people prefer. Quartz is a newer type of counter top that is becoming more popular because it is both stylish and durable. Regardless of which type of counter top you choose, make sure to get expert help from AMD Remodeling.
2. Sink Removal and Installation
When it comes to kitchen remodeling, one of the most important tasks is removing and installing the sink. There are a few different options for sinks, including drop-in and undermount sinks. If you're considering installing a new sink, AMD Remodeling has the knowledge of the different types and how they work. Let us take care of everything for you so that you can focus on what's important – your new kitchen!
3. Faucets
When it comes to remodeling your kitchen, one of the most important aspects is selecting the right faucets. There are a lot of different types of faucets to choose from, so it can be hard to decide which ones are the best for your kitchen. Here are some factors to consider when choosing a new faucet:
The type of water that you need: If you're using water for cooking or washing dishes, you'll need a faucet with a high-pressure system. If you just need purified water for drinking, a low-pressure system will work just fine.
The style of your kitchen: A modern or classic style kitchen may have different requirements for the type of faucet that you choose. For example, a modern kitchen may require an aerator design to help reduce water waste.
Your budget: Some faucets are less expensive than others, but they may also require more maintenance. For example, brass fittings will rust over time if left untreated. Choose a faucet that you can afford to keep clean and looking good in the long run.
4. Cabinet Repair and Renovation
If your cabinets are looking a little dated, or if they are starting to show signs of wear, it's time for a cabinet renovation. There are many different types of cabinet renovations that you can do, and they all have their advantages. For example, you can replace all of the cabinets in your kitchen with new ones, or you can select to reface your existing cabinets. Whichever option you choose, you'll be able to increase the functionality and attractiveness of your kitchen.
5. Flooring Restoration
If you're considering installing new flooring in your kitchen, you should think about restoration. Restoration is the process of restoring an old floor to its original condition. This can be a very cost effective way to update your kitchen without having to replace the entire floor. In most cases, restoration will only require a few small repairs. If you have custom tile or hardwoods that have been damaged by water, or maybe the grout needs repair calling AMD Remodeling ensures that your floor gets restored correctly and it's brought back to it's original beauty.
6. Tile and Backdrop Facelifts
One of the biggest changes you'll see when you remodel your kitchen is the tile and backsplash. Not only are they a beautiful addition to any space, but they're also highly functional.tile and backsplash facelifts can add flavor and function to any kitchen. For example, quartz countertops can be easily cleaned, while porcelain tile creates a glazed finish that resists staining. And because backsplash tiles are attached to the wall using special systems, there's never a need to worry about them coming loose or breaking.
7. Complete Kitchen Remodel and Renovation
When it comes to kitchen remodeling, there's no job too big or small for our team. We offer a complete kitchen remodel and renovation service that can help you updated your space and make it look brand new. From countertops and tiles to appliances, we have everything you need to make your dream kitchen come true. Contact us today to get started!
Whether your remodeling project encompasses a total tear-down and rebuild or just a change of cabinetry, countertops, and major appliances, the team of kitchen remodeling experts at AMD Remodeling can help you transform your dream kitchen space into a reality. We will walk you through the kitchen remodel process, take your ideas and give them shape, and present you options that you may have never considered. We are familiar with all the newest trends in kitchen designs, know the latest options in green materials, and are up to date with new products for the kitchen.
We work with customers across Dallas, Richardson, Plano, Addison, Carrollton, Allen, Frisco, Murphy, and Wylie, TX. Call our remodeling contractors to discuss your needs today: 469-547-5887.
Our Kitchen Remodeling Services
- Kitchen Remodeling
- Countertop Renovation
- Sink Removal and Installation
- Faucets
- Cabinet Repair and Renovation
- Flooring Restoration
- Tile and Backdrop Facelifts
- Complete Kitchen Remodel and Renovation


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Made in India the Napoli Cookware Stainless Set consists of a Saucepan 16 cm of 1.5 litre with glass lid and a 18 cm Casserole 2.2 litre with glass lid. Made using hygienic stainless steel which is easy to clean and hassle free. The dishwasher safe exterior adds versatility and functionality. The silver finish adds style and sophistication to your kitchen to make it look more attractive.
The stainless steel saucepan is ideal for 1-3 people. It is suitable for preparing delicious sauces, boiling water, simmering, making soups, stews, tea. coffee and more.
The stainless steel casserole with is suitable for making soups, stews, sauces, boiling water, pasta, braising meat, frying chicken and more. Ideal for 3-4 people.


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What's your story?
I'm a socialist, intersectional feminist writer and overindulgent dog owner.
Can I promote my Medium page?
(Jen: YES!) Rachel's Medium writing page you should check out HERE.
I also just lost my brother very suddenly this March, which doesn't define me but also does in many ways. He was my only sibling. We were very different but still very close, and I miss him every single day.
What makes you nervous about having your portrait taken?
I have had body image issues since childhood. I've been fat since age two; I still struggle owning the word "fat." On top of worries about my weight, I'm also at the age where it's hard not to worry about "looking old." I'm starting to develop what they call marionette lines on my face. I have a very difficult time seeing photos of myself without thinking about how big I look, or how old, and showing that to others is definitely difficult.
Can I share some of your images?
Sure! Just maybe... not TOO much boob and skin on social media? hahahahaha
What do you love doing that makes you feel kick ass?
Theatre and lifting weights. I write plays and do a lot with local group The Manhattan Project Cleveland, which always provides me with fun, creative, new experiences. Also, I just hit a personal leg press record of 400 pounds! (And yes, I go to the gym regularly and I'm still fat, hahahahaha. Bodies aren't algebra equations!)
What inspired your portraits?
My photographer! But no, seriously, I liked being "directed" like a model or actor in the shots, because my perspective of myself and my appearance are clearly different than others'. It's really awesome to be able to see me how other people see me; it's not often that you get that opportunity.
What bad ass women inspire you?
My Gramma Jackie and Aunt Nancy. Gramma Jackie was the daughter of Sicilian immigrants and survived polio, spousal abuse and a subsequent divorce that went against the normal Catholic doctrine, and being a single mom. She made gnocci and cookies but also was a hardcore Trekkie. She loved every and any sci-fi show. She also taught me to savor and value small things; every visit to her apartment, even if we were just going to the grocery store, was special.
My Aunt Nancy was actually my great-aunt and godmother. She was raised Irish Protestant, and not only decided to convert to Catholicism but became a nun in college! She chose Sister Mary Nelson as her name, in memory of her brother who died in his twenties. She got a master's in biology and became a science teacher at Magnificat in Rocky River. She ended up leaving the convent when her mother superior restricted her and her sisters' access to news and information, because she felt she couldn't adequately help her students without that, but she remained Catholic for her entire life.
Also, I adore Lizzo. She is everything.
Any Other Comments?
There's only one rule that I know of, babies- "God damn it, you've got to be kind."- Kurt Vonnegut


text: Helicopter & airplane sightseeing flights are a very unique and special way to explore Iceland giving a bird's eye view. You do not need to sit for hours in a car or a bus, and you will have more available time to enjoy the beauty of Iceland. Helicopter & airplane tours are what everybody dreams of. Have a look at these tours and contact us for your trip.


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Go on thrilling adventures through a colorful, swirling kaleidoscope in Tunnel Run, an amazing ultimate 3D running game. This game has a simple but stimulating gameplay. You have to overcome all the challenges of Tunnel Run. Try to move as far as possible along an ever-changing tunnel at breakneck speed, with constantly oncoming hazards and obstacles! Break down barriers with your dexterity and a keyboard! In this game, the tunnel will continuously roll forward, and there will be unknown obstacles appearing in front of you. You need to control yourself to go through the tunnel safely by avoiding the shapes. Be very cautious in your decisions! Because, regardless of how far you have passed in a level, once you crash, you'll have to restart at the beginning of that level!
Tunnel Run will brings y'all an epic experience with an extremely beautiful graphic design and top-notch sound. You will slide and roll along the bright and attractive colored maze. Sometimes it will be monochromatic and rather boring, and other times it will dazzle you with the mesmerizing multicolored spectacle of all the shades of the rainbow. Despite its alluring beauty, Tunnel Run is fraught with many dangers. Besides, 2-player mode allows you to challenge your friends to join a race where only the last survivor is the winner. Now let's take on the challenge! Want to test your reaction speed? Play Tunnel Run for free online now and show your skills. How far can you go? Can you handle the pace?
In this mode, players will explore many levels, from easy to difficult. Higher levels will contain more obstacles and hazards.
The 2-player mode allows you and your friends to participate in an unlimited number of races. The person who survives the longest in the tunnel becomes the winner.
Hypercasual games such as Tunnel Run are one of the best relaxing games for stress. Joining an action-packed adventure after a hard-working day? That's not a bad idea! If you're a fan of this genre, you may want to try other similar games, such as:


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Valkyria Chronicles Remastered
- Street Date:
- May 17th, 2016
- Game Release Year:
- 2016
- Platform:
- Publisher:
- Sega
- Developer:
- Sega
Game Synopsis:
War has spread like a wildfire across the Europan continent over the precious ragnite resource. Caught in the middle is the neutral principality of Gallia, which gets invaded by the Empire. Fortunately, as a member of the vauneted Squad 7 militia, you'll be in charge of pushing the Empire out of Gallia as you take control of Welkin, Alicia, Largo, Rosie, and the rest of the squad.
The award-winning original game for the PlayStation 3 is being released on the PlayStation 4 in glorious 1080p/60fps gameplay, Japanese and English audio support, includes all the original DLC, and most importantly, adds trophy support!
Motion Controls
- No


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The Story: Don't eat the fruit in the garden, Eden,, It wasn't in God's natural plan., You were only a rib,, And look at what you did,, To Adam, the father of Man.
The Story: You smell like goat, I'll see you in hell
The Story: All the b***h had said, all been washed in black
The Story: And my blunt is my ho now
The Story: At home, drawing pictures, Of mounds of tots, With ham on top
I was loudly singing (yelling) the song at a party to this hot rocker chick in order to impress her with air guitar, when the music suddenly stopped at, "just have to make it" because someone tripped on the cord to the stereo. The line came out very loudly in the dead silence and just then I thought: you know, the Scorpions probably wouldn't use a word like "obtuse," you know?
Submitted by
Submitted on
10/6/2012 2:05 pm
Age it happened
Better than original?
Convinced others you were right?
Was partying involved?
Have a comment? Log in for free today so you can post it!


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Comic Info
Comic Name: Howard the Duck (Volume 3)/Unbeatable Squirrel Girl (Volume 2)
Publisher: Marvel Comics
Writer: Chip Zdarsky/Ryan North
Artist: Joe Quinones/Veronica Fish/Erica Henderson
# of Issues: 7
Release Date: 2016
Reprints Howard the Duck (2) #1-6 and Unbeatable Squirrel Girl (2) #6 (January 2016-June 2016). Howard finds himself headed back to space when he is merged with the Nexus of Realities and teams with the Guardians of the Galaxy and the Silver Surfer in a quest to free the prisoners of the Collector's museum. Plus, Howard and Squirrel Girl find themselves in the middle of a hunt where they are the prey!
Written by Chip Zdarsky (with Ryan North writing parts of the Squirrel Girl crossover), Howard the Duck Volume 1: Duck Hunt is a Marvel Comics superhero collection. Following Howard the Duck Volume 0: What the Duck, the collection features art by Joe Quinones, Veronica Fish, and Erica Henderson. The Squirrel Girl crossover was also included in Unbeatable Squirrel Girl Volume 3: Squirrel, You Really Got Me Now and Unbeatable Squirrel Girl—Volume 2. Not included in the collection are Gwenpool back-up stories from Howard the Duck (2) #1-3.
I love Howard the Duck and once wrote a college paper on the character. Howard the Duck is extremely tricky to write. When Howard the Duck (Volume 2) was cancelled I was bummed because that generally means a change in writers and artists. Fortunately, Howard the Duck (Volume 3) launched soon after with the same team…and Zdarsky gets Howard.
The best Howard the Duck not only gets inane but it generally does it within the Marvel Universe which is always funny. In this volume, you have Howard gaining the powers of the Silver Surfer, fighting cosmic entities, and teaming up with some of the big names in the Marvel Universe…and he's just a humanoid duck whose life has gone to hell.
The book also smartly teams Howard the Duck with Squirrel Girl. Like Howard, Squirrel Girl deals in the absurd. She often feels like a direct descendant of something like the original comic of Howard the Duck and instead of being a crossover that doesn't fit either of the characters, the two comics blend perfectly.
Each issue of Howard the Duck is great, but it is also bittersweet. With a smart, quirky comic, you know that Howard the Duck isn't long for this world. Comics like Howard the Duck generally can't survive in the big comic market and they are often niche titles. I wish I could read Howard the Duck and know that month after month a new issue would exist. Comic books are a ruthless business, and Howard is trapped in a world he never made. Howard the Duck 1: Duck Hunt is followed by Howard the Duck 2: Good Night, and Good Duck.
Related Links:
Howard the Duck 0: What the Duck
Howard the Duck 2: Good Night, and Good Duck


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The Rundown: Báez Walks Off Despite Brusied Heel, Hamels Takes on Phils Today, Looking Back at PECOTA Projections
Last night's 3-2 win over the Phillies seemed just as improbable as Monday's 5-4 loss. Both games featured excellent performances by the starting pitchers of both teams. However, the bullpens decided each game, and the relief corps for the Phillies and the Cubs look fatigued and somewhat erratic. Cubs fans, still lack strong confidence once a starting pitcher leaves the game.
If anything, this Cubs-Phillies series has proven that both teams need a reliable closer. I know Brandon Morrow is throwing from flat ground and still plans to pitch this season, but I have my doubts. Joe Maddon is prepared to go through the entire season without a designated closer, provided Pedro Strop gets healthy and Carl Edwards, Jr. finds whatever it is he is missing — confidence, command, and/or control. In other words, hang on, it's going to be quite a ride.
Yu Darvish pitched especially well on Monday night in his heralded matchup against Jake Arrieta. Both pitchers deserved to get a win. Darvish has 18 strikeouts in his last two starts and seems to have finally turned a corner, though he is still winless as a Cub at Wrigley Field.
Just when it seemed that Javy Báez might miss a long stretch of games, he surprised everybody with a pinch-hit walk-off single last night. Javy's bruised heel required an MRI, and if the game had gone to extras last night, Maddon had no options left to play second base. Báez is apparently unavailable to play the field, at least last night he wasn't, and he batted for Daniel Descalso to effectively empty the infield cupboard.
With the bases loaded and one out, El Mago hit the first pitch he saw in three days to right field and slowly jogged to first base, proud owner of a game-winning RBI.
Our 5th walk-off win of the season and the 2nd career walk-off RBI for @javy23baez!#EverybodyIn pic.twitter.com/mAIfk2YRqt
— Chicago Cubs (@Cubs) May 22, 2019
"If [Báez] doesn't [get that hit], how do you play defense after that? But a lot of time I don't worry about that stuff," Maddon said. Well done. Well, at least it seems so anyway.
Cubs News & Notes
- Cole Hamels will make his first start against the Phillies today. The last time Hamels pitched for Philadelphia, he no-hit the Cubs at Wrigley Field.
- The Cubs will see increased revenues from their new TV network, set to launch by spring training next year. Those revenues will be available to help shape next season's roster. Don't hold your breath on a Craig Kimbrel signing in the next few weeks.
- The Cubs' front office would like to upgrade the bullpen before the trade deadline.
- Arietta still loves Chicago and the ballpark he used to call home. He was appreciative of the reception he received Monday night. "That was something that really brought back memories of getting that same sort of ovation pretty much on a nightly basis," he said. "Very appreciative of that and I can't say thank you enough to the city of Chicago. I really can't, but I'll do my best."
- Kyle Schwarber indicated he wanted to give a truly warm homecoming welcome to the former Cubs' ace.
Kyle Schwarber on leading off against Jake Arrieta:
"I'm just going to give him the bird" @WGNNews pic.twitter.com/Gzh8hGkIvI
— Rick Tarsitano (@RickTarsitano) May 20, 2019
- Phillies slugger Bryce Harper went 0-for-4, dropping his average to .224, and failed to reach base at Wrigley Field for the first time in 19 games at the iconic ballpark.
- Harper trolled Cubs fans who have been booing him all series by throwing a ball out of the ballpark instead of offering it to fans in the bleachers.
How About That!
How do you not love Reds utilityman Derek Dietrich? He is doing everything possible to exemplify the fun side of baseball.
The Cardinals are really struggling since being swept by the Cubs a few weeks ago. Much of the blame should be shouldered by their starting pitching, particularly during road games.
Justin Verlander carried a no-hitter into the 7th inning against the White Sox yesterday before giving up a home run to slugging first baseman José Abreu. He was pitching in front of the player he idolized, Nolan Ryan, who knows a thing or two about no-nos.
Sonny Gray and the Reds bullpen blanked the Brewers last night with a combined 14 strikeouts. It was the team's league-leading seventh shutout of the season.
Tuesday's Three Stars
- Clint Frazier – The Yankees' center fielder was 2-for-4 with five RBI as New York clobbered the Orioles 11-3. Frazier's two hits were home runs.
- Justin Verlander – Despite losing his no-hit bid, the dominant starter struck out 12 White Sox batters in eight innings of work to earn his eighth win of the season. Verlander allowed just one hit and one walk.
- Sonny Gray – The Reds' pitching is the best in the National League right now, and Gray contributed to that success by holding the Brewers scoreless across six innings with nine punch outs.
Extra Innings
The Cubs are sitting at 28-18 and on pace for a 97-win season, a far cry from that 79-victory campaign that PECOTA projected back in March.
Per Sam Miller of ESPN, "The bottom line is that PECOTA expected the Cubs to basically have the same offense that won 95 games last year and the same behind-the-pitcher defense that won 95 games last year but a much worse pitching staff, even as it brought most of last year's 95-win staff back. That's a fairly bold take, centered mostly on mediocre projections for Hamels, Jon Lester, the bullpen, and Willson Contreras' framing abilities."
They Said It
- "Give [Cubs' trainer PJ Mainville] some credit on the tape job. Right before he went up there, we taped him up and he said he can do this. This is right out of the Lombardi era stuff." – Joe Maddon
- "I don't even know what's going on with him. I don't know what's going on with him half the time anyway. 'Oh, Javy is pinch hitting? I was like 'Don't swing at the first pitch.' 'He's like 'I'm so good. I'm going to get this hit and we're going to go home.'" – Kris Bryant
- "I didn't twist it or anything. I just went too hard to the ground and me heel kind of got jammed a little bit. … All the time I was running it didn't bother me. When I got to the dugout it was kind of pumping a little bit. It's just a bruise." – Javier Báez
- "I thought [Darvish] was outstanding [Monday night]. Even better than he looked in Cincinnati. I thought it was probably his best start for us to date." – Joe Maddon
Wednesday Walk Up Song
I Fought the Law by The Clash – This 1979 cover was originally released by Sonny Curtis & The Crickets in 1958 (Curtis replaced Buddy Holly), but was a hit for the Bobby Fuller Four in 1966. This version by the Clash is equally good, but I would have used a more frenzied arrangement were I mixing it, using the Ramones as a reference perhaps.


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Blog Entries - 2010
Planting Life-Giving Churches in Post-Christian Europe
By Sebastiaan van Wessem Amsterdam… If you hear the name of that city most Christians around the world will have negative associations. To name but a few: prostitution, drugs and homosexuality. I am not sure if
The Importance of Reaching Children
By Josh and Kate Richter The Christian church is based on a foundation of Jesus Christ through God's Word, the very Christian principles and values that come with righteousness. That foundation is what all
Lessons From a Church Planter
By Troy Maxwell It was a warm and sunny Tuesday afternoon in Richmond, Virginia. The autumn leaves were turning, and the wind was blowing them off the trees as I drove to my house. But the beauty outside didn't match
Church Growth – Are You Scoring Points?
By Beth Jones If you've ever played sports you know the goal, right? Score points! I played varsity basketball in high school and competitive tennis every summer; there was no confusion on my goal. Shoot baskets. Serve
Life Giving Churches
By Billy Hornsby These days it is not too hard to find great life-giving churches. I speak at one nearly every week of my life. They are exciting, engaging and full of the life of God. What God is doing is amazing in
The Cry of the Nations
By Larry Brown The Cry for Pastors and Church LeadersThrough my 15 years of traveling ministry I have seen a great need for the teaching of God?s word to pastors and leaders, especially in the "developing