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6" Wide Clear Freezer Strip Curtains Flaps SOLD BY THE FOOT Creepy clear freezer strips. Perfect for gory autopsy rooms, morgues, freezer scenes, etc. Curtains also keep fog in a room. You will want to overlap each hanging strip about 1" for the correct...
Safety Signs - Emergency Exit Only Alarm Will Sound
These durable plastic signs keep your haunt safe and running smoothly. EMERGENCY EXIT ONLY. ALARM WILL SOUND - 7"x10" durable plastic sign.
Emergency Backup Lights
Run these low voltage lights throughout your entire haunt end to end up to 2,000 linear feet. Turn them all on with one switch to instantly illuminate your haunt. Fire Inspectors love this. $99.95 for 100' feet.
Emergency Exit Sign
110-volt plug-in lighted emergency exit sign with backup battery in case of power failure.
Emergency Light
110-volt plug-in emergency light remains off until power failure, then illuminates for up to 4 hours.
Fauxfinish FX
Professionally decorate your attraction using these amazing and affordable effects. Weathered Wood distresses and weathers your wood in minutes. Mildew, Mold, and Grease FX can be applied to nearly any surface to creep out your rooms. 28 oz $14.95,...
Faux Finish FX Sprayer
This large, portable, handpressurized sprayer has an additional tip that allows the easy and fast spraying of Fauxfinish FX and grime FX products.
Instant Grime FX
Just Add Water to this powder and start spritzing your walls and props to distress your haunt. Choose from black mold, brown dirt, green vomit, yellow puke. Add jar to one gallon of water.
4" Wide Clear Freezer Strip Curtains Flaps SOLD BY THE FOOT
4" Wide Clear Freezer Strip Curtains Flaps SOLD BY THE FOOT Creepy clear freezer strips. Perfect for gory autopsy rooms, morgues, freezer scenes, etc. Curtains also keep fog in a room. You will want to overlap each hanging strip about 1" for the correct...
Regulation Fire Extinguisher
Perfect for Haunted Attractions. Passes inspection. Includes Free Hanging Bracket and Required Wall Sign.
Haunt Smoke detectors
Smoke Alarm with Light - Sensor technology reduces false alarms from steam and smoke machines, and has "nuisance" button to silence alarm. Automatic light in real emergency.
Laminated Haunt Rule Poster
Help protect your actors, guests and your bottom line from lawsuits with this inclusive Haunt Rules poster. Your posteer will NOT have the watermark showing Halloween FX printed on it :)
Ticket Roll Holder
If you are looking for a way to keep your raffle tickets organized during an event, this brass-plated raffle ticket dispenser is the solution. Designed to hold single or double rolls of tickets, the iraffle dispenser makes it easy to disperse tickets...
Ticket Stub Box
Locking ticket box with slot on top for keeping track of your visitors.
1.5" Black Plastic Haunted House Chain
Black Plastic Haunted House Chain This 1.5" x 50-foot long bulk plastic chain is perfect for haunted houses. Sturdy and lightweight. Can be spray painted. Also available for great discounts in 100 feet ($79.95) and 500 feet ($349.95). Cheapest bulk...
Professional Powered Speaker
If loud is what you are looking for, this is for you! With 1200 watts of Pro-Audio power, a 15" subwoofer, and a built-in amplifier, all you need for earth-shaking sound is to hook up your MP3 player to the RCA jacks. Plug and Play.
Pro Stereo System
This robust Sony system has 700 watts, two speakers, and a separate subwoofer. Each can be mounted wherever you like. Booming Bass fills up even large rooms. Plays CD's and has an AUX input jack for MP3 players or phones, as well as a USB input.
Black Plastic Fireproof Sheeting
10x100 foot black fire retardant plastic sheeting is great for making walls, ceilings, doorway curtains, etc. Don't skimp and use flammable plastic! Keep your haunt safe and keep your Fire Marshall happy. This giant roll goes a long way.
UV Flashlight
Check paper currency with this flashlight to make sure it is not counterfeit. This aluminum light is much stronger and brighter than the plastic ones you may have seen.
LED Window Sign
Huge 15x40 inch scrolling LED display. Red, green, and yellow LED lights. Easy to program using remote. Record multiple messages. Bright- even in direct sunlight.
Video Recording Flashlight
Video Recording Flashlight Keep a video record of any dicey customers or situations. Looks and works like a normal flashlight, but with a push of a button, it starts recording video. Mini SD card included.
Keep your lines in order with these adjustable stanchions. Set comes with four posts and 30 feet of plastic chain.
Trim Safe
Trim Safe Keep your cash secure at the end of the night. Have cashiers drop their cash into these trim safes as the night progresses. Includes bolt-down kit to secure safe.
Parking Cones
Set of ten fluorescent nine-inch parking cones. Cones stack for easy storage.
Haunted House Management Supplies
Haunted House Management Supplies
Do you own or manage a Haunted House? These supplies are the must-haves for any successful haunt!


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Sterling Silver turquoise earrings for women, dangle earrings.
Regular price $93.00 USD
Regular priceUnit price per
Sale price
- Designer earrings / Silver drop turquoise earrings /earrings for women / dangle earrings
- Handcrafted Turquoise Stone 925 Sterling Silver Earrings
- Stunning silver earrings.
Bluenoemi offers an exciting collection, designed and made by Bluenoemi designers especially for occasions as wedding, engagement and cocktail and for everyday use.
We hope that you will enjoy wearing our designs as much as we enjoy making them!
*If, for any reason, you are not completely satisfied, please contact us so we can try to solve the problem.*
Our Youtube channel:
Our Newsletters Archive: http://archive.aweber.com/bluenoemi
email: firstname.lastname@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


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Saturday, October 10, 2009
The Zombie Cookbook Featured Chef Lin Neiswender
Lin Neiswender does a turn-about is fair play story with "The Right Recipe."
Lin knew from childhood, with the rich language of her Alabama surroundings firing her imagination, that she was destined to be a writer but lacked the courage to follow through on her dreams until her later years. She now lives in Central Florida and the climate must agree with her, as she has finally blossomed into a bonafide writer. Her work has appeared in Flashshot and will be in the upcoming anthology "Vicious Verses and Reanimated Rhymes: Zany Zombie Poetry for the Undead Head," with more work to follow. Lin spends her spare time collaging, cruising the Internet, and playing with her Shetland Sheepdog who thinks it is his job to try and kill the mailman. She can be reached though her website Land of Lin at http://landoflin.blogspot.com
Why did you write this story?
I started chuckling when I read the title, so I knew it was the project for me.
Not being an especially blood and gore kind of gal, I thought humor mixed in
would be just right for that anthology. I couldn't resist sending the call for
submission on to Carla Girtman, also published in the anthology. I knew she
would appreciate the unique juxtaposition of zombies and recipes. It turned out
to be a zombie year for both of us.
What was your favorite part of writing the story?
Working in the humor was the most fun; leavening the gruesome aspects was
important to me. Can't have a zombie without the dangling body parts, but I
wanted a different spin to it with the humor.
Do you like zombie tales? Why or why not?
I can't say that I was a great reader of zombie fiction. In fact, I had to go
brush up on my zombie facts and mythos to write the story. Then I made my own
vision of the creatures-- what any writer is expected to do.
What else do you write?
I write speculative flash fiction and poetry, and have several novels in
progress. I recently joined a crit group which I hope pushes my boundaries and
helps expand my publishing credits. I'm a closet literary fic gal so that may be
my next venture.
Posted by Karina Fabian at 3:04 AM
Labels: anthology, horror, humor, kim richards, Lin Neiswender, zombies
2 comments:
- Lisa Haselton said...
So I'm not the only one who was attracted by the anthology title. And it's fun to learn I'm also not the only one who hadn't delved into zombies before. Nice interview!
- Karina Fabian said...
Nope. It drew me in, too! How much fun is cooking with zombies? Come on!
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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From JSOC to The Compound, This Veteran's Op Tempo Changed, but His Mission Remains the Same
What do you do with your life after you work on some of the most badass intelligence operations of the last few decades?
Pow Srikachorn started an MMA gym.
Photo courtesy of The Compound Silver Spring
Local to the DC area, Pow grew up in Prince George's County, Maryland. One of a handful of minorities, he was often a victim of bullying, which led to a number of unhealthy coping mechanisms and life-threatening choices. Needless to say, service and sacrifice had not always been at the forefront of his mind.
"My parents are both immigrants," Pow said. "They were dishwashers and couldn't afford to send me to martial arts lessons for self-defense. I learned how to fight the hard way — and lost a lot."
His parents were admittedly Top Gun superfans, and his mom wanted him to join the military and be a fighter pilot, but Pow had no interest in joining. It wasn't until Sept. 11, 2001, that Pow received a wake-up call. The tragic events of that day motivated him to begin mapping out a new future for himself, and in 2003 he enlisted in the United States Air Force.
Photo courtesy of Pow Srikachorn
Joint Special Operations Command recruited Pow in 2006 for a special operations unit, and after completing selection, he served as part of a team that conducted secretive missions across the world. Most notably, he was involved in the hostage rescue mission that saved Capt. Richard Phillips and in the high-valued individual targeting of the world's most wanted terrorist, aka Usama Bin Laden. (If you've ever seen Zero Dark Thirty, Pow doesn't have a direct movie counterpart, but Jessica Chastain uses a line or two from his dialogue that night.)
He didn't sign the manifest that night, was never officially read onto the mission, and didn't even know what mission he had been working on until they announced Bin Laden's capture. "I knew nothing," Pow said and laughed. "I thought we were after Bergdahl ... talk about surreal."
Pow separated from the military in 2012 to come home and care for his parents. He was working as a military contractor and completing his bachelor's in leadership.
"I didn't get TAPS or any kind of guidance on my way out of the military, so I had to figure it out myself," he said. "But while I was contracting, I took a 38% pay cut, then realized that I needed to do something where I'm in control.
"I turned my passion into a project, just like everyone told me not to," he continued. "After trying to franchise with another gym didn't work out, I decided to do it myself."
For 11 months Pow worked full-time, went to school full-time, and did all the general contracting work on his gym space. In 2019, his mixed martial arts gym in Silver Spring, Maryland, called The Compound officially opened.
Photo courtesy of The Compound Silver Spring
"I want the kids in this area to have something that I didn't have growing up," he said. "They deserve to have a place to be proud of ... and this gym is the closest thing I have to the military, a place where everyone trusts those around them. The quote 'the blood of the covenant is thicker than the water of the womb' definitely holds true for this gym."
Inspired by leaders like Gen. Stanley McChrystal, Pow makes it a point to learn the name of every single patron of the gym. On his first deployment, he said, he encountered McChrystal on the FOB, where the four-star general called Pow by his first name. He discovered that the general made it a point to learn the names and faces of everyone he was deployed with so that he could call them by their first names.
Pow has partnered with the VA for judo adaptive classes, hosted a free training event on Memorial Day for veterans, been highlighted by Good Day DC, and featured on a PTSD vs. Jiu-Jitsu documentary by Warriors Next Adventure.
Photo courtesy of Warriors Next Adventure
"We're super fortunate to be here," Pow said. "From 126 people pre-pandemic, to losing 62 members during COVID and now being back at 297 members in the last year and a half, this is what I wanted to focus on, people first, business second, mission always."


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How to Apply for Study in Canada | Study in Canada.
How to Apply to Study in Canada | Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres, making it the world's second-largest country by total area…See more details below
How to Apply to Study in Canada
Applications vary depending on the institution, but generally you will need to prove your language proficiency, provide transcripts from previous education, prove financial stability, and medical coverage. Ensuring you meet all the requirements for the institution you wish to apply to is a key step in saving trouble in the future.
When applying for most universities, you will need to choose your major. If you are unsure exactly what this may be, don't fret. Canadian universities are generally quite flexible with changing majors later.
Designated Learning Institutes are schools that are approved by a provincial or territorial government to host international students. Be doubly sure you are applying to a school that is on this list.
How to Apply to Study in Canada: Language Requirements
Since Canada is a bilingual country, courses at Canadian universities will be taught in either English or French.
Even if you are a native English or French speaker, you'll need to take a language proficiency test. If you are applying for an English speaking university, IELTS is accepted by all. For French, TEF is the most commonly used and accepted.
How to Apply to Study in Canada: Comparison to UK Qualifications
As stated before, tuition cost is much less in Canada. Cost of living is a little bit less as well.
Though cost is a very important factor for most people in determining which university to study at, what it really gets down to is up to you. There are many universities in Canada and the UK that are internationally respected. Find the one that is right for your situation.
While the UK still has more universities in the QS World University Rankings 2019, Canada is quickly overtaking the UK as the most desired country for international students to study in.
How to Apply to Study in Canada: Student Visas
You can study in Canada up to 6 months without a student visa. However, if you wanted to work, you would need to have the proper permit to do so.
The following documents are required to apply for a study permit:
- Proof of Acceptance – the acceptance letter you received from your university.
- Proof of Identity – a valid passport will serve this purpose.
- Proof of Sufficient Funds – CA$10,000/year + $833 for each additional month.
The application costs CA$150, and the process is substantially less of a headache than most other countries.
Providing a letter of explanation is also a good idea. This could hasten your approval, as it will help the visa officer understand your aspirations and responsibilities as a foreigner in Canada.
If you've already been accepted into a Canadian university, start the application process here.
International Student and Exchanges
Studying abroad is not only cost effective (you will continue paying your home country's tuition), it is also an opportunity to see the world without making such a big investment. What if you decided to do all 4 years at a Canadian university and decided it was too cold? The people are too nice?
Your current or future university in your home country may have exclusive partnerships with universities in Canada. Queen's University offers 220 exchange partnerships in over 40 countries. University of Victoria has over 300 partnerships worldwide.
How to Apply to Study in Canada: Course Fees
If you haven't already figured it out, studying in Canada as an international student is generally much less expensive than studying in the UK, US, and Australia!
Costs vary widely based on the institution, but generally, you will be paying CA$20,000-30,000/year for undergraduate programs. Postgraduate programs tend to run a little lower (around CA$16,000/year), while executive MBA programs are usually more (CA$30,000/year).
Living costs vary greatly, mainly depending on your spending habits and if you are in a big city. You are required to have at least CA$10,000/year put away for living costs to obtain a student visa, though most universities recommend having closer to CA$15,000.
It's always good to have a little bit extra money budgeted for any unexpected costs, such as winter-wear and supplies.
How to Apply to Study in Canada: Study Insurance
Another huge plus for studying in Canada is that some provinces offer some form of health insurance for free to international students! The important thing to check here would be what exactly the health insurance covers, as this varies significantly between provinces.
If you will be studying in a province that does not provide free health insurance, you will need to make your own arrangements while applying for you student visa.
Be aware also that whether you purchase health insurance or apply for the free health insurance that timing is very important! Some coverage is not applicable as soon as you touch down in Canada. Be sure to check this out in your research.
How to Apply to Study in Canada: Funding to Study in Canada
Although the course fees for international students may seem like pocket money compared to other countries, paying for higher education can still be very difficult. Unless you have a money tree in your backyard, you'll likely be applying for programmes to help cut some of the cost.
Universities in Canada offer a broad range of their own scholarships, ranging from academic and athletic achievements to more specific individual fields of studies. It is also a good idea to thoroughly research organizations in your home country that are offering study-abroad scholarships.
As with any money-grab, competition is generally quite high. Find your ways to stand out and apply as early and to as many as possible.
Here is a list of the Top 10 Scholarships in Canada for International Students.
Although the application for a student visa requires you to prove that you'll have sufficient funds for the duration of your studies WITHOUT work, getting a job on or off campus is an excellent way to supplement some of your spending money. As a full-time student in Canada, you are entitled to work 20 hours/week during semesters and full time during winter/summer breaks.
If you have any question concerning How to Apply for Study in Canada, please feel free to use the comment box below and ask us your question. We will be very pleased to answer you.
You can share this information, to your family and friends, as it will be helpful to somebody. share it on Twitter, Facebook, G+, Whatsapp or Email it to friends. Use the buttons below to do this.


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Zol Bmx Wire Bike Bicycle Tire 20x1 3/8c G5012 Black
Precio habitual $21.49
Precio unitario
- The BMX bike tire is ideal for a smooth ride in an urban setting.
- The thread provides the perfect combination of smoothness and traction while including enough grip for wet and dry conditions in urban pavement and gravel.
- Our 27 TPI (Threads Per Inches) make this tire durable and puncture resistant.
- Measure 20 X 1 3/8 (ETRTO 37-451), PSI 43, 27 TPI.
The Zol Velocita BMX wire bicycle tire is perfect for BMX bikes. You will be able to enjoy a smooth ride with a tread pattern designed to provide maximum grip, comfort, and cornering traction while reducing punctures and rolling resistance.


text: On Thu, Feb 03, 2000 at 02:34:50AM -0500, David Huggins-Daines wrote: > On Thu, Feb 03, 2000 at 04:13:48AM +0100, email@example.com wrote: > > The patch will be kept separate from the CVS sources until we agree with > > David which approach we take in the official Alpha release. > > I have a feeling you guys have the right approach, seeing as the 2.2 MILO > isn't really stable, and generic kernels aren't really guaranteed to be > working. Go ahead and commit it, sorry for getting in the way. I wouldn't call it exactly 'getting in the way' as most of the Makefile magic is based on your work (thanks). We'll hold off with committing the changes until we get some feedback from testers. > > > We tested them on Alcor and Avanti and they worked (tm) for us with some > > restrictions. > > Cool, I will test on 164SX and possibly DP264. ;-) Christian -- Christian Meder, email: email@example.com What's the railroad to me ? I never go to see Where it ends. It fills a few hollows, And makes banks for the swallows, It sets the sand a-blowing, And the blackberries a-growing. (Henry David Thoreau) -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to firstname.lastname@example.com with a subject of "unsubscribe". Trouble? Contact firstname.lastname@example.com


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Order From Amazon
Order From Barnes & Noble
Prayvolution: Start Your Prayer Revolution Today!
In Prayvolution, Jerome J. Case shares personal prayers that focus on building a powerful, deeper, secure, and honest relationship with God. Drawing inspiration from his experience as a prayer warrior, Case teaches you how to overcome the doubts and limitations that have hindered your prayer life. He guides you on a path that is designed to help you jump-start a personal prayer revolution so that you can gain the confidence to ignite an explosive Prayvolution.
About the Author:
Jerome J. Case is an ordained minister with a passion for inspiring people to discover their purpose in Christ Jesus and in life. He graduated from the McAfee School of Theology at Mercer University, where he earned a Master of Divinity. He has taught New Testament, and Theology at the United Theological Institute and Seminary in Fairburn, Georgia.
Product Details
Product Details:
Paperback: 118 pages
Publisher: Maxim Dart Publishing (December 10, 2016)
Language: English
Product Dimensions: 5.5 x 0.3 x 8.5 inches
Shipping Weight: 7.4 ounces


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Ask Dr. G: How much do hearing aids cost?
Doctor, how much do hearing aids cost? #AsktheDocPosted by Starkey Canada on Tuesday, October 16, 2018
Ask about our 45 day free trial. Call (204) 788-1083.
You Get What You Pay For
The quality of your hearing aid is much more important than you may think. Prices start in the $2000 range for a modern digital hearing aid that we consider to have good quality sound and features that will provide good value for the dollar.
Hearing aids are typically worn for more than 12 more hours a day – you definitely want the best sounding hearing aids.
Why Do Hearing Aids Cost So Much?
The first thing to consider is the fact that hearing aid is a medical device and not a simple amplifier. There's a lot technology that goes into that small package. Features such as noise reduction, feedback reduction, Bluetooth, and now even artificial intelligence are becoming standard. Consider the incredibly sensitive microphones and powerful electronics that are miniaturized and stuffed into a small package customized to fit your ear comfortably all day long.
Bluetooth hearing aids make cell phone calls clear and easy to understand – stress free!
The cost to produce the hearing aid is just one part of the total cost. Consider the tens of millions of dollars that goes into developing the technology in terms of hardware and software every year. From there we can add in:
- Component cost to build the hearing aids
- Hardware and software development costs
- Custom molding for comfort
- Custom programming for your specific hearing loss
- Time spent fine-tuning the hearing aids after initial fitting
- Maintenance and checkup every six months for years to come
Our Service Guarantee means zero maintenance cost for the life of your hearing aids.
Use Versus Price
When you consider the average hearing aid will last five or more years while being worn 12 hours or more a day that's a lot of value for money well spent. The math:
365 days a year X five years = Cost of $1.21 a day per hearing aid
Realistically, if you have two hearing aids your cost to hear well and live better is under $2.50 a day. That's less than half the price of a coffee at Starbucks to be able to interact with people socially and at work. No more missing out on conversations in restaurants and social gatherings. No more embarrassment from asking "what did you say" over and over. Maybe hearing aids are actually cheap when you consider how long the last and how they improve your lifestyle & well being.
Why No Low-Cost Hearing Aids?
We simply won't sell a hearing aid that doesn't meet our specifications and required level of quality. There is absolutely no value in having a cheap hearing aid that you can't use outside in the wind and is constantly buzzing with feeding back. Our clients would rip them out of their ears in the first hour. Cheap hearing aids are more like simple amplifiers that simply raise all the sound levels at all the frequencies and cause more problems than they solve.
You wouldn't by glasses that are blurry – why would you buy a cheap hearing aids that sounds fuzzy?


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San Antonio Spurs Gregg Popovich is an elite tactician, who's adapted to the changing game in his nearly two-plus decades behind the bench. Despite being able to acclimate to different NBA playstyles over the years, Popovich still isn't a fan of the three-point shot.
Speaking with NBA.com, Popovich admitted to hating the three-point shot.
"I hate it, but I always have," Popovich said of the shot. "I've hated the three for 20 years. That's why I make a joke all the time [and say] if we're going to make it a different game, let's have a four-point play. Because if everybody likes the three, they'll really like the four. People will jump out of their seats if you have a five-point play. It will be great. There's no basketball anymore, there's no beauty in it. It's pretty boring. But it is what it is and you need to work with it."
Popovich is an old-school coach, so it's not surprising he's got a more favorable opinion of the previous grit and grind NBA. However, he's completely wrong when it comes to the three-pointer. It's not boring. It's beautiful. Seeing the likes of Steph Curry, Tre Young or Kemba Walker pull up from so far behind the net and nailing threes is exciting. If everything was two-point plays again, that's when it would get boring.
Popovich's teams are notoriously bad at shooting the three, so for once, Popovich isn't progressive, he's just salty.


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Millie Bobby Brown is addressing the negative feedback she's received for a video she shared for her new vegan skincare & makeup line.
Millie Bobby Brown is addressing all the negative feedback she's received for a video she shared for her new vegan skincare and makeup line, Florence by Mills.
Some fans were confused after the 15-year-old actress recently shared a video of her supposedly using the products during her nighttime skincare routine, however, she doesn't actually appear to have used any of the products. Viewers noted that Brown's makeup was still intact after using products from the line, which included a face scrub, face wash and moisturizer.
"I can't believe she's literally just dry rubbing her hands together and rubbing her face. Like ... is this a prank?" one Reddit comment about the video reads.
"I don't ever believe that celebs are ever selling us the skin care routine they actually use," another comment reads. "But I still expect them to be willing to use it at least once! If you're not willing to even put it on your face to make a sale, why should anyone else use it for real?"
On Thursday, Brown apologized for the video, which has since been taken down on Instagram, but was captured on YouTube.
"I'm still learning the best way to share my routines as I get to know this space better -- I'm not an expert," the Stranger Things star wrote. "I thought doing a quick video replicating my personal process for that night was okay, but that's not what was conveyed. I understand, I appreciate all of your feedback on this journey, please keep sharing your thoughts and I will too! ily guys x #loveandlight."
Florence by Mills has been clearly marketing itself to Gen Z as the perfect beauty starter kit for teens.
"Every young person deserves to have a good start with their skin," Brown said in a video announcing the line last month. "I wanted it to be vegan, clean, cruelty-free that would be easy to get and fun to use and still useful, but, you know, playing that sophisticated teenager as well."
"What I want my beauty brand to represent is individuality and embrace who you are," she continued. "All I know is that I want you to feel yourself."
In May, Kylie Jenner also faced backlash for a video in which she washes her face with the foaming cleanser from her Kylie Skin line. In the 30-second clip, Jenner can be seen applying the "morning and night" face wash to her skin, but only washes her face for 10 seconds. She then rinses and wipes her face dry with a towel, leaving behind some residue.
Watch the video below for more:


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Posts Tagged 'Haunch of Venison'
Optimism and Jitters at Maastricht (NY Times) A Wounded Museum Feels a Jolt of Progress: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum (NY Times) Asian Arts, From Robes to Porcelains, Have Their Annual Jamboree at Asia Week (NY Times) Getty Gives in to Recession (ARTINFO) Late Frank Lloyd Wright House Up For Sale (ARTINFO) Armory Show 2009 Roundup […]
Filed under: architecture, art fairs, Asian Art, collecting, contemporary art, dealers, galleries, London, Los Angeles, modern art, museums, New York, old masters, party pics | 1 Comment
Tags: Armory 2009, Asia Week, CAA, Damien Hirst, Frank Lloyd Wright house, Getty, Haunch of Venison, Hoxton Square gallery, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Kiev Museum, Maastricht, Pinchek, porcelains, portfolio, recession, Serpentine, Yvon Lambert
By Emily Waldorf Christie's owned gallery Haunch of Venison opened its New York location on September 12 with an impressive lineup of 63 blue-chip Abstract Expressionist works. The not for sale show, titled Abstract Expressionism: A World Elsewhere, includes many works borrowed from museums in a grand gesture to make an impressive début on the New […]
Filed under: art criticism, galleries, modern art, New York, reviews, Uncategorized | 5 Comments
Tags: Aaron Siskind, Abstract Expressionism: A World Elsewhere, Arshile Gorky, Barnett Newman, Clyfford Still, David Anfam, David Smith, Franz Kline, Haunch of Venison, Jackson Pollock, Lee Krasner, Mark Rothko, Roberta Smith, Willem de Kooning
By Katie Enna Damien Hirst's latest antic has been all the talk of the auction world this past week. His exhibition "Beautiful Inside My Head Forever" and subsequent sale on Monday and Tuesday at Sotheby's in London made auction history. Historically auction houses have been secondary dealers, respecting the contemporary galleries who sell an artist's […]
Filed under: art market, auctions, celebs, collecting, contemporary art, dealers, galleries, London | 4 Comments
Tags: Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, Christie's, Damien Hirst, Gagosian, Haunch of Venison, Jay Jopling, Sotheby's, White Cube


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Outstanding Contribution to the People of Malaysia
Suzanne Mooney
Outstanding Contribution to the People of Malaysia
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Suzanne Mooney
An advocate for sustainable food systems, founder of Malaysia's first sustainable food bank that is feeding Malaysians and reducing food waste in the country. She was also influential in passing the first ever food waste law in October 2019 and The Lost Food Project was one of the founding partners of the Malaysian government-led national food bank programme.
Food waste has been Suzanne Mooney's passion since waitressing in a Cape Town restaurant in 1995, leading her to start a food distribution initiative with a soup kitchen. So when her family moved to Malaysia, she felt compelled to continue her mission to fight food waste in her new home.
According to the World Bank's Malaysia Economic Monitor - Making Ends Meet report released in 2019, nearly 3 in 10 Malaysians feel that they do not have enough money to buy food. However, the Solid Waste Corporation reports that Malaysians generate a whopping 16,688 tonnes of food waste on a daily basis, which is enough to feed 15.9 million people three times a day.
Suzanne with the TLFP Pasar Borong team, loading a 5T truck with fresh vegetables
for the PPR B40 communities
The first ever food collected for TLFP was from Jason's in Feb 2016
In 2015 shortly after the family moved to Malaysia, Suzanne founded the NGO, The Lost Food Project, along with a set of like-minded parents, that rescues quality nutritious food that would otherwise end up in landfill. TLFP redistributes the food and other essential items to the most vulnerable in Malaysia, regardless of religion, gender, or ethnic groups. For the first 18 months that her organisation was founded, she bore the expenses and has now collectively received RM 679,852 from grants and fundraising events in 2019. Now, TLFP is very excited to have recently been able to expand the operations into Johor Bahru and Sabah.
Suzanne and her team vetted charities and had a rotation of 4-5 food pick-ups each week that would collect food from supermarkets and send it to assigned charities. As the number of food sources grew, she expanded her operations to a warehouse unit within the Red Crescent HQ in KL and received their first truck courtesy of donations from 'Delivering Better Lives'.
To date, TLFP has collectively distributed over 8.5 million meals. TLFP has rescued over 2.6 million kg of food which equates to over 6.6 million kg CO 2 equivalent.
The first ever pick up from BIG supermarkets
Most notably, she and her organisation were appointed as strategic partners of Yayasan Food Bank, Malaysia's first national government led food bank under the jurisdiction of the Minister of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs as part of the Food Bank Malaysia programme in 2018. TLFP have also worked with government on the Food Donor Protection Bill, which was approved by the Dewan Rakyat (in October 2019).
In parliament for the passing of the first ever food waste law being passed in Malaysia
(with TLFP colleagues & Minister Saifuddin and his team, Oct 2019)
Her work with the Lost Food Project and beyond has resulted in several achievements for The Lost Food Project including the UN Sustainable Development Goal #2; Zero Hunger, The Best Social Impact SME Award At the Europa Award For Sustainability in 2019, Award for SME with the Best Social Impact in 2017, and more. She has also contributed to her own column in Malaysia's leading English newspaper, The Star titled "Love Food, Hate Waste" throughout 2018 and 2019.
Suzanne has also mentored many people in her organisation most particularly, their current General Manager, Syazwan Rahimy. Her education team actively collaborates with many schools and universities conducting activities, games, tasks and composting projects with the objective of changing behaviours of food waste and sustainability at a young age.
With the Duchess of Cornwall, visiting one of TLFP's
founding charity partners, The Lighthouse Childrens' Home
Prior to starting her organisation, she also founded a nonprofit initiative, The Lost Towel Project that started as a small workshop to help Chin refugees in Malaysia to generate income (in a country where refugees are unable to work legally). This project is ongoing and empowers the Chin refugees from Myanmar to live in dignity.
Suzanne remains active with the day to day operations of her organisation that she does remotely from her home base in London and Geneva due to family commitments but she hopes to return to Malaysia as soon as she is able to. When she is not at work, she loves to travel, watch Arsenal matches and finish the book for her book club.
Personal Philosophy
"My conscience is my religion. As humans, we all have different religious and spiritual beliefs, but I hope we are all unified in our belief of humanity. If you treat others the way you would want to be treated, this is a good start in creating a fairer society."
Message to Young Malaysians
"Most people believe that someone else will bring about change. The idea that YOU can significantly change the world might not sit comfortably, perhaps you are too humble? However societal change by definition needs all of us to take action.
Teachers have the ability to educate hundreds of people in their lifetime. If you decide to become an 'agent of change' you too can make a lasting impact. The world is in a fragile state, and many of us need to work together to mitigate damage to the environment and enhance sustainability.
If you are working in an office, perhaps you can help steer your company towards a greener space. Alternatively volunteer at a worthwhile NGO, or even start your own charity or social impact business.
We need a global effort, and young leaders are required for nation building and the future of our planet. My former boss, Rod Liddle at the BBC, had a fantastic mantra that was very inspiring; 'reach for the stars and you might hit the moon'. So be brave and search for your star."
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This page is dedicated to news from Romeo's Marine & Auto Body Ltd. and other news in the local marine business.
|August 17, 2018
Romeo's Marine & Auto Body Ltd.
|At 88 years, Romeo Leger cumulates years of experiment in boat repairs.
The man has more than 70 years of mechanical experience.
(sorry the interview is in french)
|March 01, 2016
Romeo's Marine & Auto Body Ltd.
|Prix Pionnier Romeo Leger – Jason Ouellette – Publish Feb. 3, 2016.
"The body shop was bought from Romeo's father in 1949 and the marine business was started in 1968." (correction from the video)
|May 10, 2011
|The Friends of Shediac Bay are installing a new mast crane this season, should be a lot easier for the sailors to install and uninstall the mast on their boats.


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Called to call
"Come, follow me," Jesus said, "and I will send you out to fish for people."
Matthew 4:19
Jesus calls the disciples – to call others. They follow Jesus – and call other people to follow Jesus too. This is the pattern for gospel replication. I am called. I call others. Who call others, who call others, who call others…
Yet, how often do we shy away from calling people? Is it because we are not sold out on the value of our own calling? Have we had some bad experiences? Are we fearful of being rejected or placing burdens on the unwilling?
Jesus knew how to pick the right people. How many dozens of men had he already walked past that day, before calling out to Peter and Andrew? How many others did he pass after speaking to James and John? Moreover, he was not calling them to a roster, but to a way of life. He was calling them to a vision (to fish for people) rather than a task (work for me).
There was no hesitation on their behalf to respond – they were eager to be included in the vision and mission of Jesus. Their hearts were waiting for an invitation to be part of something far bigger and more satisfying then they could ever achieve on their own in their father's meagre fishing boat. I wonder - who do we walk past each day, that are eager for this same calling?
1. Am I fully sold out to the calling of Jesus upon my own life?
2. How have people responded when I've called them to "follow"?
3. Do I call people to the mission of Jesus – or the work of the Church?


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– A Daily Planner Program with Calendar maker and To Do List Maker. Daily Planner lets you list your activities, sorts by time before saving so times can be entered in any order, calendar maker can import data from Daily Planner function so you can view all on a monthly calendar. To Do list maker tracks date planned and date accomplished. Simple and easy to use interface and data entry.
Windows 95/98/ME,Windows NT/2000,Windows XP,Windows NT/2000/2003/SBS2003,Windows Vista,Windows 7


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Microsoft has released a new feature that allows users to view list content in a modern calendar view in Microsoft Lists and SharePoint. The info was first discovered by Twitter user Laurent Sittler, and the feature is now generally available for Targeted release customers.
#SharePoint calendar view for list item is now available on Targeted environments at least 💪🏻🥳 A lot of people will be happy ! Thx Santa Claus 😁 #Microsoft365 #Office365 pic.twitter.com/LYaKNgvCn8
— Laurent Sittler (@laul0_68) December 1, 2020
With this change, Microsoft Lists users will now see four main views when configuring lists, such as list, grid, gallery, and calendar. As the name suggests, the new experience helps to visualize all list items that use date column information as a calendar that shows start date, end date, and title.
To be clear, users can still create custom views to organize and show the most important items, and there's also the ability to create two different views (i.e., personal and public). If you are interested in learning more about this feature, be sure to check out the hands-on video on YouTube.


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My PinkBlush Black Friday & Cyber Monday Shopping Guide + GIVEAWAY!
Are you ready to SHOP?! It's that time of year again, BLACK FRIDAY & CYBER MONDAY! Of course, these days typically bring out some great sales from many retailers, but since 2020 was not your typical year, one of my…View Post


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Dealer Venom
Automotive Technology for the Modern Dealer
Location: Pittsburgh, PA Type: Full-time Min. Experience: 3-5 Years
About Dealer Venom
Dealer Venom is a premier technology disruptor hyper-focused on all things Automotive Industry. Based in Pittsburgh, PA's downtown, Dealer Venom delivers disrupting technologies for the automotive industry. We deliver state of the art automotive dealer websites with our cutting-edge custom designs, vehicle search tools, and lead-driven user experience with our core product, NEXUS. We work hard to build every site from the ground up and deliver a pristine online showroom, ready for our clients and their customers to sell cars. Our culture is driven by collaboration, communication, and camaraderie. We expect the highest quality and best ideas from everyone in the Dealer Venom family. Reliability, scalability, and quality are just a handful of qualities we're looking for in our team members. We also expect life-long learners, team players, and innovators. We're not tied to any one rigid way of doing things, but we also never lose sight of core principles of design and development. In other words: our skills are rock solid but ready to rock the boat at any time. If you're ready to sit at the table of a high-speed industry with the best team you can imagine, apply to us today. We're seeking like-minded team members like you.
About You
Dealer Venom is looking to expand with team members who absolutely love working with people, reviewing analytics and website performance, and creating new opportunities for success.
The following will be just a few of the responsibilities you will be assigned:
- Performance updates with clients
- Present & discuss client strategy
- Educate clients on Dealer Venom website capabilities
- Staying on top of industry trends
- Work seamlessly with a wide range of different departments.
Job Description
The Digital Performance Manager is responsible for setting up, optimizing, and reporting on digital advertising campaigns for Dealer Venom clients. This position is primarily focused on paid search ads within the Google and Bing advertising platforms and paid social within Facebook, Facebook Marketplace, Twitter and LinkedIn. Campaigns will also include retargeting, display, and video ads. This position includes 25% strategy, budget allocation, client communication, and 75% hands-on research, implementation, optimization, and reporting on campaigns. Looking for an individual contributor who can work seamlessly with in-house and client teams.
- Excellent customer service and relationship building skills
- Knowledgeable in digital marketing including social media, SEO, SEM, and analytics
- Must be very organized, punctual, and detail-oriented
- Fast learner & interested in new technologies
- The ability to remain cool under pressure
- Automotive Knowledge
- Digital Advertising experience
- 3+ Years of experience
Strong Knowledge Of
- Digital marketing
- Account management
- Google Analytics
- Paid search
- Social Media
Responsibilities May Include
- Maintaining and building client relationships
- Present & discuss digital strategy
- Educate clients on Dealer Venom website capabilities
- Staying on top of industry trends
- Work seamlessly with a wide range of different departments
- Optimize website performance
- SEO – Work with 3rd parties and develop strategies for Dealer Venom + organize and manage campaigns for active paying clients as well as recording a work log
- SEM (Reach) – Manage active campaigns and reporting / analytics
- Connect + Analytics (Connect) – Manage client reporting, assist in setting up access for clients, monthly reporting if desired. This could include usage of the Dealer Venom Analytics platform.
- Google Search Console – Responsible for linking, maintaining, and communicating items with GSC for all Dealer Venom websites.
We are an equal opportunity employer and value diversity at our company. We do not discriminate on the basis of race, religion, color, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, age, marital status, veteran status, or disability status.


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Objectivity is the idea to be explored. Sometimes it furthers history, sometimes it retards it. What is Objectivity/ A commitment to the truth. Includes a commitment to the reality of the past. As perspectives shift with time, there is different significance to the events of the past, but the meaning does not change. Patterns are found, not made.
Historians must have no utilitarian purpose, no loyalties.
But is this possible???
Novak's own methodological commitment is to "overdetermination " of all activity. He says this is why his book is so long !
Plot of Book:
Part 1---- up to 1800s
Part 2 ---- World War 1
Part 3---- World War 2 and Cold War
Part 4 ---- since mid 1960s
Aim To provoke fellow historians to greater self- consciousness about the nature of our work and to offer those outside the historical profession a greater understanding of what we're up to. (p 17)
That Noble Dream
by Peter Novak
Part 1 Objectivity Enthroned.
Chapter 1.
The European Legacy: Ranke, Bacon, Flaubert.
Late C19; (1884)
America exporting goods to Europe but importing ideas. from Europe, especially Germany.
German Historical Scholarship;
Prestigious at this point in time., considered infallible. Used scientific methods. German Universities cheaper than American universities, (also cost of living)
German Universities considered more moral than French Universities. Therefore popular with American Students.
New Universities being founded in America ,old Universities being re-modelled, all based on German model ( tried to incorporate salary structure also, up to this professors not well paid, not highly respected as in G/y )
Was history a science or a discipline? A lot of mis-interpretation of History at this time.
Leopold von Ranke. Regarded as father of modern historical scholarship. A philosophical idealist.; like Hegal, believed the world was divinely ordered. Was revered all over America and after his death his library was purchased and set up in Syracuse University as a shrine. Yet no American student had first hand contact with Ranke as he was already retired before the influx of American students began.
Ranke was an empiricist .i. all knowledge comes through experience. He also believed that intuition was required to assess historical facts.
Some of his remarks were taken out if context; misinterpreted .Even the translations were not completely accurate.
Novak refers to him as an Unphilosophical Empiricist.
Science as applied to History.
The scientific fact was highly respected in America at this time. The trend was to lose the individual and get involved in the organisation. Scientific methods regarded as best for all. Everything became a laboratory, even gymnasiums.
But no one really knew what they were about.
Francis Bacon.
Provided the definitive account of the scientific method throughout the C19 and well into the C20.
Observations are everything.
No Hypotheses. You don't anticipate nature.
Bacon's Theory helped along by Mill (John Stuart )
Mill believed that "facts appropriately arranged would reveal their inner connections". Mill's conceptions were widely accepted in America.
Opposition to Bacon.
Francis Bowen (American) opposed Bacon and wrote
A naked record of facts must ---be untrustworthy: it will not merely be
incomplete but deceptive.(p35)
Louis Agassiz (Swiss American )
Darwin. wrote
How odd it is that anyone should not see that all observation must be for or against some view if it is to be of any service (p35)
Flaubert insisted that the flat affect (impassabilite) was the novelist's appropriate stance. He shared Bacon's views about the importance of facts He described the new style as the victory of the anatomist and physiologist in art Flaubert believed science could correct and enrich art.
Believed art was the servant of science.
Struggle against pre-conceived Notions
This was also present among artists, e.g. Constable, Courbet, Monet.
Monet's friend described him as a Lab. technician, breaking light into its. component parts.
Hunger for Facts.
Towards the end of the C19 plain un-adorned facts were THE thing in America. The public got these from the newspapers No adjectives were being used.
Some scholars overdid the "facts" idea e.g. one writer, Prescott gave over one third of his book to footnotes and bibliography.
Moral Posture of Historians.
Writing at this time we have Prescott,Bancroft, Motley and Parkman.,
They did not hesitate to tell "all". They made their political and moral judgements explicit e.g. . Motley on Philip 2
If he possessed a single virtue it has eluded the conscientious search of the writer of these pages
Bancroft, who wrote a History
Every page voted for Andrew Jackson
Ethical Attitude
There was an ethical attitude prevailing in the writings of these historians.
Everything was interpreted by the historian/writer for the reader.
Charles Mc Clean Andrews said that Bancroft's work was" nothing less than a crime against historical truth".
Chapter 2
The Professionalization Project
Slow Growth of Professionalism.
The American Historical Association was founded in 1884. professionalism came slowly. Amateurs "chaired" the AHA till mid-war-time; from 1928 onwards all the presidents of the AHA were, by both training and occupation, professionals. However, many good history books were written by amateurs. A lot of the problem seems to have been that in order to be a historian, one needed to be very secure financially.
The Ph.D. degrees obtained in Germany before World War 1 were awarded following a 2-year-course, (by to-day's standards, in-sufficient )
Contrary to other walks-of-life, historians did not become richer by turning professional.. Before the civil war, the income of a history professor was 9 times that of an un-skilled worker. By the turn-of -the-century the ratio had gone down to 4:1. By the 1950/60s this had decreased further to 2:1 Novak also does a comparison with the medical profession; at turn-of-the-century a History Professor made as much money as a Physician, while a better paid professor made 4/5 times the medical average.
At the turn-of-the-century, young PhDs rose rapidly to full professor-ship.
Features of Professionalism.
Novak lists the putative features of professionalism, esotheric skills, licensed monopoly, increased occupational status, and says that these were never attained by historians, and that others such as autonomy from lay control, did not come for many years.
Process of Professionalism
This took place over time .i. the profession changed with the times.
it took a long time to separate objective truth from charlatanism and quackery
Consensus among the competent. This brings authority. The AHA brought historians together. They could no longer afford to live in isolation.
Standardised Technique The same yardstick used for everything.
Audience redefined Historical work was now directed at colleagues instead of the general public, therefore objectivity was vital.
History Academecized/Professionalized.
This provided
"the underpinning of authority which the norm of objectivity sought " (p53)
Historians were now being "rewarded" for their work. The profession was now responsible for
the award of fellowships ,prizes and honorific offices; the acceptance or rejection of submissions by journals; the evaluation of books in these
journals; and, most crucially ,though as yet, far from autonomously,
employment opportunities ,promotion, and salaries. (p54)
The profession also solved another of its problems and made provision "for those of mediocre talents. "(p54) Seemingly projects were handed out to people to work on, each project became a "brick" in a larger project .i. a lot of bricks were brought together.
However there were never two versions of the same "brick"
The big weakness was that the profession didn't "police" itself. Indeed we all know that this seldom happens even in professions such as medicine and law who are supposed to be extremely vigilant.
Younger historians were afraid to criticise their elders, elders were reluctant to criticise each other.
At the turn of the century ,controversy was considered "unprofessional" . In fact there was a rule in the Massachusetts Historical Society forbidding criticism of living members.
The magazine of the AHA. The American Historical Record, had a policy which was to praise members for whatever work they did, not tear it to bits.
Backward Step
When the AHA went professional it actually took a backward step. In the 1860/70s there had been a critical policy .where criticism was encouraged. In 1877, Henry Adams proposed that Henry Cabot Lodge teach the same course as himself so that their different viewpoints could stimulate inquiry.
Chapter 3
Consensus and Legitimation
Novak explains how he is employing the term "ideology" ---I mean by the word simply an overarching, and at-least-tacitly-coherent outlook on the world. He says ideology can be depicted schematically
1. A picture of the way the world is.
2.A picture of the way the world ought to be.
3 A set of propositions about the relationship between the first and the second.
The third element has several dimensions e.g. distance, speed, smooth evolution, rupture.
Dominant Ideology
In Dominant ideology the "is" and the "ought to be" are nearly the same.
It is rarely seen in its pure form. Those who practise Dominant Ideology are very
Accomodationist Ideology.
Here there is a moderate gap between the "is" and the "ought to be"., but the gap is closing (in the vision of the Accomodationists) Those who practise it are Optimistic. (sometimes immoderately so) Accomodationists are nearly as complacent as the first group.
Oppositional Ideology.
The gap between the "is" and the "ought to be" is seen as great and unlikely to be closed. This ideology is Pessimistic. Those who follow this line of thought see the gap widening due to forces beyond our control.
Radical Oppositionists plump for Fundamental Structural Change because they think that a decent society requires a decent foundation.
Effect of shortage of Oppositionists
Lack of oppositionists among their numbers made American Historians complacent. All their disputes were trivial. Yet there was huge unrest, both social and industrial within the country where they lived. Amid all this turmoil, professional historians were with the most partial and insignificant exceptions, serene and untroubled in their celebration of traditional pieties; an island of orthodoxy in a sea of heterodoxy. Position regarding Autonomy
Not until the 1950s were university appointments made by other academics so at this time there was no autonomy among professional Historians.,
The Universities had been founded by the wealthy, salaries paid from the foundations resources, so University Historians needed to be seen to "side" with the wealthy, not with the working man
There was no academic freedom. Those who campaigned for it were advised to set up their own university where they could have as much freedom as they pleased..
Salaries were sweetened for those who said "the right thing", There was also a strong religious influence.
Contrast between Germany and America.
There was a huge contrast regarding objectivity. The Germans allowed discussion and debate. The Americans wanted to form students minds according to "accepted" views. There was to be no "mental seduction"
People were forced to resign if they openly professed unpopular views.
While there was a price to pay if History professors did not conform, most did not seem to have any wish to be controversial.
In the early C20 all history professors were Protestant; none were recent immigrants; none were working class. Most were Ivy League .i. the new American Aristocracy.
Making-up their Own Rules
Woodrow Wilson was a historian interested in current affairs. In 1892 he warned against the "history of doubt" What was needed in the country was positive thinking..
Professor Lucy Salmon advocates not mentioning the "sins" of great men(p71)
New texts were written for all the schools which were quite biased, designed to keep the good side out.
Breaches between the North and the South were to be healed, "sectional Patriotism" would give way to a broadly national patriotism, a chauvinistic patriotism
that would seek to present distorted ideas of the past with the idea of glorifying one's country at the possible expense of truth (p72)
Above quote taken from report of the Committee of Seven, which was the ruling body of the AHA.
It is generally accepted that early American Historians were biased., and also veered towards being "straight laced"
Conservative Evoluutionist
This is how John Higham is described He considered healing the wounds of the civil war a priority. We now hear the phrase "The United States is" instead of what was formerly used, "the United States are"
Reconciliation between the North and South was top of the agenda.
Localised History was considered petty and sterile.
Darwin was a racist. He considered Blacks to be an inferior race.
Many scholars and Historians also thought this.
Even "enlightened" historical writers thought slavery was a necessary evil.
While there were several southern-born historians in northern universities, there were no northern-born historians in southern universities, so there was no two-way traffic as regards exchange of ideas..
History teachers in the south had great difficulties as even the best American produced texts were not accepted there Southerners thought they had been badly done by and the North was trying to appease. Writings and Articles were edited towards this purpose.
Anglo American Reconciliation.
This was also high on the agenda.
Blacks were not the only "inferior" race. There was a definite pecking order Not all whites were equal!
Teutons/Anglo Saxons were top of the ladder.. Celts (including Irish) Latins(decadent French) Southern Europeans were lower down
Amateur Historian, John Fiske referred to them as "Beaten men from beaten races" (p81)Anglo Saxonism thrived in America during the latter half of the C19.
The Imperial School
A school of thought which became known as The Imperial School .was founded in the 1890s The causes of the revolution were studied, rather than the revolution itself. The tendency was to find fault with Americans because they didn't appreciate what the British had dine for them. Most American Historians at this time were of Anglo British descent.
The atmosphere they tried to create was that of a new, united country, looking towards England as a friendly power
Writings, even from amateurs were all of an Anglo Saxon flavour, and pro slavery.
Secular Faith.
The secular faith of American professional historians protected them from doubts regarding their own objectivity.
Chapter 4
A most Genteel Insurgency
In the years before World War 1 the existing professional historians began to receive challenges.
The chief challengers were Woodrow Wilson and Edward Channing., who both maintained that facts were not enough. You need to colour your picture, otherwise you may give the wrong impression.
These challenges took a long time to mature.
Progressive Historians.
The theme followed up to this was:
Anti change, such as had happened in post revolutionary France
The Teutonic-germ Theory
Teutonic germ Theory
Began in the forests of Germany in the remote past, carried to England in the C5/6; held intact by virtue of the fact that these Teutons exterminated the inferior natives which they found before them in England; .transported to America in the C17.
This theory doesn't hold water Channing noted;
The argument that because a New England town and a German village were each surrounded by a defensive wall, the one is descended from the other, proves too much. A similar line of argument would prove the origin of New England towns to be the Massai enclosure of Central Africa.(p88)
Frontier Thesis
This was advanced by Turner and led to the abandonment of the above. Turner's explanation was that the expanding frontier and the availability of free land was the foundation of American democratic institutions..
By 1908/10 a different type of professor was being appointed to American Universities. (Chicago and Columbia are quoted.)
The "new" scholars wanted to expand history into the social sciences. This was resisted as the "old" scholars associated the proposed change with Philosophy of History which they found repulsive.
Turner tried to "square the circle". Give every theory. a chance, he said, time will sort everything out, survival of the fittest.
Novak says that this was an impossible theory and as proof Turner never produced the work everyone expected of him
The past was based on continuity. A "shake-up" was now needed--new freedom--social justice. What would happen when no more land was available?
Turner's answer was Progressive Reform. He himself was completely satisfied with the American Past.
He wanted the people to adjust to the circumstances, But he never proposed changing the circumstances i.e. Capitalism.
Had joined Ruskin hall (branch of the labour movement in England) He set out to raise money in order to raise the standard of education among all workers to raise the mass instead of encouraging individuals to rise out of the mass.
Beard got himself in the "black books" He was disliked by the established historians.
Secular Progress.
All these four men believed in Secular progress. they had lost faith in the conservative beliefs of their profession and also lost faith in religion
Progressive Historians.
Turner, Robinson, Becker and Beard were termed progressive historians/
Turner thought history should be a basis for legislative reform.
Beard wanted to get possession of the government for the people for the first time ever.
Becker thought that history was a social instrument.
Robinson maintained that study of the past can be of service to the future.
All four wanted to utilise history towards a better future.
Older historians who "loved" the past found it hard to take this idea on board.
Historical Objectivity Challenged by the unorthodox tendencies of the New Historians
Objectivity is not easy to attain; never was.
Some historians thought it could be done by an effort of will..
Some stubbornly and virtuously maintained that they were totally objective.
Others acknowledged that no one could escape their background and experience, but also pointed out that their background was well balanced.
An odd historian admitted that they couldn't avoid external circumstances.
Before World War 1
No historian except Becker got around to admitting that objectivity was impossible. he said it was impossible to distinguish between scientific analysis and interpretative synthesis.
In 1891 Turner wrote;
Each age writes the history of the past anew with reference to the conditions uppermost in its own time (p103)
Beard believed in objectivity early in his career but later on he referred to it derisively as the "noble dream" of objectivity,
Robinson swung back and forth. When asked to provide an answer to "What is progress" he could not do so.
Becker was a relativist but before his time He did not need the catalyst of war.
He wasn't listened to till after the war.
Part 2
Objectivity besieged.
Chapter 5
Historians on The Home Front
Established Viewpoints Challenged.
Optimism and faith in progress had grounded historians faith in objectivity Now this is challenged.
The war itself (world war 1) caused historical controversy.
The theories of Becker and Beard -relativist theories- were more widespread than
realised, though still a minority
Impartiality disappears.
Between summer 1914 and spring 1917, American historians were not impartial. Their loyalties to Germany were badly shaken. They began to realise how the German schools had manipulated their students (One historian, Dodd said he was ashamed to have to say that he got his degree from such a source many were like him but some such as Burgess remained loyal to Germany)
The AHA gave presidential addresses 1915/16 bewailing the detrimental effects of exaggerated nationalism. "Woe unto us, professional historians etc" (p116)
Historians about turned, joined the war effort, mostly by writing for the Committee on Public Information, writing propaganda literature for the government as required or using their language skills for the war effort, since most of them would have been too old for active service. Only a rare historian questioned the usefulness of these exercises.
The war experience touched everyone . Among historians there was disillusionment, also disorientation and confusion. They were, on the whole, greatly disillusioned by the terms of the Versailles Treaty, a peace drawn up by Woodrow Wilson, a historian like themselves.
Historians were unsure how to deal with the writings of previous historians, Should they dismiss it as "bunk"? A mirage ? There was a general loss of confidence among professional historians at this time.
Chapter 6
A changed Climate.
Effects of Relativity Theory.
Einstein's "Theory of Relativity" had shaken the foundations of empirical science. Since science had provided the foundations for Historical Objectivity, it too was upset.
If everything was relative, there was no "now" shared by all natural events.
Traditional Historical Objectivity was based on sound common sense but this was now crumbling under their feet.
Ranke's formula "as it really happened" was now mostly abandoned.
The collapse of the older notions of causation caused Beard to have an intellectual crisis which lasted for the remainder of his life.
General Confusion.
Amidst this general confusion, a historian called Carl Russell Fish began to make a questionable distinction between "recovering history --which is a scientific process" and "presentation---which is an artistic process " A number of historians followed him.
New Systems
The prevailing wind from the social sciences was empiricist .but there were two important developments during the interwar years which had affinities with historical relativism
Effect of Cultural Antropology.
Evolution from savagery through barbarism to culture. This in turn led to antropological linguistics.
Effect of Legal Realism.
This development challenged the attributes of the "legal" system which historians believed they had to adopt.
Knowledge of the pre-existing principles of the law, and the facts of the case should in fact make judicial decision perfectly predictable (p148)
judges' social background, prejudice, and psychodynamics gave the process a much less determinate air (p149)
Historians liked to assume a judicial posture, but what reason was there to believe that the same was not true of historians; conclusions.
Holmes(Oliver Wendell) was an advocate of Legal Realism He defended free speech on the grounds that words alone rarely rocked the social fabric. He wrote a book in the 1880s and the movement for Legal Realism was rooted in it.
Arnold (Thomas) also was an advocate of Legal Realism but his angle was different. He thought that historians should come down off their high horses and throw themselves into the struggle for reform
These two opposite strands of historical relativism are personified by Becker and Beard
Pragmatism of Interwar Historical Relativists
Though historians were not pragmatists in the sense that Dewey, James and Pierce were
Pragmatism's crusade against the worship of facts its scepticism against claims of objectivity, its consistent reluctance to accept a hard-and-fast fact-value distinction its emphasis on change and flux, on the human and social elements of knowledge, and the stress on the practical consequences of knowledge--all these were at the centre of the relativist sensibility.,(p153)
Influence of Karl Mannheim.
American Historians had lost interest in European historical study/writing except for Beard who was constantly urging his colleagues to read European work. Mostly there would have been a language difficulty with these. Karl Mannheim's Ideology and Eutopia was the exception His book, published in 1938 brought "sociology of knowledge" to the U.S. His three major points were:
Being aware of the problem is part of its solution.
Multiply your perspectives. The attempted reconciliation of these perspectives can bring you closer to Objectivity.
Take on board the idea of a free floating intellegentia ,not subject to the processes of social influence at work on lesser breeds.
Skepticism regarding Objectivity
This continued. Journalistic Objectivity was being questioned also during the 1930s and a court case was taken by a journalist who was sacked for writing biased, pro-labour stories The journalist won; it was found that the constitution did not guarantee objectivity of the press nor is objectivity obtainable in a subjective world.
The proprietor of Time , Henry Lucy, is quoted as saying
Show me a man who thinks he's objective and I'll show you a man who's deceiving
All areas of scholarship were undergoing change at this time, history was no different. Many more people had access to education, the industrial revolution was over ,and an invasion of the fields of academic culture was taking place
The so-called Historical Relativists saw historical interpretations as being "relative" to the historian's .time , place ,values, and purpose. The term "relativist" was applied to them by their opponents, it was not a self description..
Chapter 7
Professionalism Stalled
Opposite direction.
Novak thinks that instead of becoming more professional American historians moved in the opposite direction
This happened because of:
Poor salaries ( best people not attracted to profession)
No funding for research
Discrimination against Jews
Narrow attitude of regionalised societies such as MVHA (Mississippi valley historical Association) Outsiders were not welcome.
AHA itself being dominated by Eastern Am. Historians..
By the end of the inter-war period. a study was scheduled by the AHA to consider how the regional background of the historian affected methods and techniques of objectivity.
There had been a great expansion of High Schools in America. History texts were of a biased nature; Dewey and Beard campaigned for change; Beard especially pushed for reform, but his reports were ignored. While historians were aware of the narrowness of indoctrination they were in a dilemma as other things were more pertinent to the needs of a bewildered world.
Nevertheless, history was never, in fact, replaced by social studies in the curriculum.
Amateur historians were capturing the market, films were being made with an "historical background" lots of inaccuracies were being put before the public, historians lost heart
Selective Book reviews
Those who were writing refused to accept negative criticism. The AHR had to bring in a rule saying that authors of articles were not allowed to select their own reviewer.
A lot of bickering went on in public, which didn't help the image of professionalism.
Peace times / War Times.
Novak says that while professionalism prospered in times of peace. it became questionable in times of war.
Chapter 8
Divergence and Consent
Revisionism re causes of world war 1 ... Barnes, who was in favour of the Allies, castigates others who could not agree that Germany had a deliberate plot of aggression. Beard backs Barnes Schmitt is the opposition. Controversy rages.
Controversy re Slavery.
This was strong in the 30s. The South was more racist than the North. Anthropology was being used as a sound reason for Negro "inferiority" Leading exponent of this theory was Phillips who became more racist as he grew older and almost recommended slavery. David Muzzey, Becker, Bancroft, Dodd, all opposed Phillips.
Another controversy raged.
This was about Racial Equality, an effort to bring the South into line with the North ,a follow-up to the Civil war. The Beards (husband and wife) involved themselves in this, but their writings defended neither side and could be used by partisans of either side to sustain their cause.
Meaning of The Past
General breakdown in agreement re the meaning of the past. Nobody was acknowledged to have it exactly right, even Beard who only came second-on-the-list in "Books that Changed our Minds"
In a decade marked by the (final?) crisis of capitalism at home, the Five Year Plans and the rise of Nazism abroad ,an increasing number of historians found the traditional ,approved historian's posture of aloof detachment intolerable (p244)
While some historians believed that history should be taught in schools as a sort of patriotic religion, others thought it scandalous to bring up children in a changing world thinking eighteenth-century institutions were eternal .
Many American Historians were isolationists regarding Word war 2, beard being the leader in this camp.
There was also a strong group of Interventionists. Some of Beard's followers went over to this camp.
Missing Objectivity
Novak says
the austere detachment, which was the putative concomitant of objectivity was not likely to be found in times of troubles (p249)
Chapter 9
The battle Joined.
Leading Historians
Beard was the leading historian of the inter-war years with Becker a close second. In their critique of historical objectivity they used strikingly parallel arguments, though they had different approaches.
Beard wrote that
every historian's work-that is, his selection of facts, his emphasis, his omissions ,his organisation and his method of presentation--bears a relation to his own personality and the age and circumstances in which he lives.(p262)
Mandlebaum opposed him,(among others) but was not listened to till after World War 2, when people were trying for an answer to relativism.
Becker wrote about his own views of history
Whatever validity it may claim, it is certain, on its own premises to be supplanted.
Novak comments.
Becker's confidence in the relativity of doctrines was to be confirmed by the next generation's rejection of his doctrine of relativity.(p279)
Part 3
Objectivity reconstructed.
Chapter 10
The defence of the West.
Relativism--A target for attack.
Totalitarianism now considered to be the basic reasoning behind Nazism
and Communism. The relativism of Beard and Becker are supposed to have legitimised Nazi and Soviet historical practise. Novak writes that this claim is outrageous . (p 291)Nevertheless, relativism is now under attack
Words as weapons/ Cold War
An observation was made in 1952 by Lionel Trilling.
"Intellect has associated itself with power as perhaps never before in history" (p301)
Apart from scientists, the academics who mostly did this were the historians Many of them began to work for the OSS (Office of Strategic Sciences). For most of them this was a long involvement, they contributed most to the defence of the American cause in the Cold War. A presidential address to the AHA said
Words are weapons, often the most dangerous type of weapons----In the end we assure ourselves, the truth will prevail .But what about in the meantime?(p318)
Seemingly all sorts of cover-ups went on during this cold war time, including the cover-up about Radio Free Europe which was supposed to be financed by voluntary subscriptions , but was in fact the recipient of massive secret government funding. History and Politics were working hand-in-hand, but this was not a good thing for the integrity of History -as-a-Profession.
Chapter 11
A Convergent Culture
"New" generation of Historians.
These began to come forward after World War 2. The perceived errors of their predecessors were held to be largely the result of misguided presentism and relativism. Novak writes :
With that recurrent conceit that is always guaranteed to produce a wry smile a generation later, postwar historians often assured themselves and others that whereas previous generations of historians had produced work deformed by contemporary preconceptions and preoccupations ,their own historical writing was not disfigured by
Change of Attitude.
Following WW 2 , there was a breakdown in the alliance between the USA and USSR. Communism was now a "no no". All historians who had been attracted now go out of their way to sever connections Even those who still believe in communism lie low.
Un-American Activities Committee.
Becomes very active. There is now great emphasis on the Loyalty Oath, jobs depend on it.
Novak says that if he had to choose one word to characterise postwar American historical writing, counterprogressive would be the word.
Becker and Beard Challenged.
Several books are now being written to challenge Becker and Beard and by the 1960s they were considered to be refuted, and had fallen into disrepute.
New Identification.
Historians now begin to identify themselves with the elite. They infer that urban dwellers and "townies" cannot interpret the history of America, that only rural dwellers can do this, probably because they resented the entry of Jews into the profession, and hoped to freeze them out.
Nevertheless Relativistic Arguments.
The writer who most vehemently opposed Beard, Allan Nevins, nevertheless argued on explicitly relativistic lines
Every era has its own climate of opinion It thinks it knows more than the preceding era---.Every era, too is affected by cataclysmic events which shift its point of view---. We now possess what Beard would have called a new frame of reference (p343)
Intemperate Views.
At this time a lot of books were being with an anti-slavery theme. The Lords of the writers at this time were abolitionists.. Among them there were some very hard-liners Schelesinger was one of these, another historian, John Higham, said that one of Schlesinger's .articles was "an obvious exercise in historical rearmament for world war 3 "
Perceived Moral values.
Elkins wrote
How a person thinks about Negro slavery historically makes a great deal of difference here and now ;it tends to locate him morally in relation to a whole range of very immediate political ,social and philosophical issues
However, historians were growing in self-confidence at this time, and therefore were inclined to be optimistic.
Chapter 12
An Autonomous Profession.
Partial Compliance with professional Criteria.
The professional historians had not met with the criteria laud down by "free professions and scientific disciplines"(p361) except in an incomplete and partial way .up to this
Moral Improves.
By 1965 moral had lifted within the profession. In the 1930s only 150 PhD per year were awarded in history but now in the mid 1960s 1,000 were being awarded each year.. History Departments were expanding within the universities .However there were still little or no women within the profession.
Academic hiring was now meritocratic. Positions within the AHA were now sought after, whereas up to this they had been difficult to fill.
At this time also the profession was no longer aiming to proscribe history programmes for the schools.
Paper-back revolution of the 50s
Once this happened, historians began writing works which could be published in paper-back This proved to be a more rewarding exercise than magazine articles and lecture/talks. Also these works were more serious and directed towards academics.
Bulletin 54
Novak describes Bulleyin54 as the best symbol of transition between "the historiographical sensibility of the 1930s to that of the 1950s" (p387)
First published in 1946 it was inspired by Beard, and produced under the formal direction of Merle Curti. Its various propositions caused a huge amount of debate. A leading writer in this debate was Popper, deter mined anti-relativist, who tried to un-mask the Marxist claim to be presenting the scientific truth about history. Yet he wrote a passage that might have been written by Becker or Beard .
Each generation has its own troubles and problems, and therefore its own interests and its own pint of view.(p395)
Another writer, Danto, wondered if the old "noble dream" was a proper ideal for historians to aim at, at all.
Philosophers who defended objectivity in history often set u restrictive standards for the legitimate scope of history. For example, John Passmore believed that historians had to severely limit their scope if they were to achieve objectivity.
--preposterous titles like The History of England. The fact of the matter is that there is no such subject as The History of England. (p398)
Vann Woodward commented that
Becker and beard could be pictured as the Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon of the American faith .They preached a sort of secular Reformation of relativism, a new Protestantism that gives licence to the layman to consult the sacred text for himself and seek out its meaning without mediation of the priesthood.(p406)
No Consensus.
No consensus was reached on objectivity during the postwar years., though there was a strong tendency towards middle-of-the-road convergence
It could be said to have been an era of "No hard feelings " Social circumstances had shaped historical scholarship in the past..
Historians seemed to have decided to "live with" or tolerate relativism, as if they t could not decide what else to do. Novak comments that this attitude will not suffice for the next period of history.
Part 4 (Final section)
Objectivity in Crisis.
Chapter 13
The Collapse of Comity.
Attitude of Civility Changes.
Easy-going attitude which or3vailed from 40s to 60s now changes .Professional historians with "impeccable" scholastic credentials were seen to have told a lot of official lies by delegation. History students and younger historians were inclined to expose these lies or else take their leave of the world of professional history altogether.
New Left Historians 1960s
McCarthyism was in decline. There was admiration for the emerging civil rights movement. Students of the 60s full of counter-cultural sensibilities. Universities of Columbia and Wisconsin lead the field (p 420) Without meaning to they raised the subject of objectivity. They wanted balance so they reported the story of both the bosses and the slaves.
Vietnam War.
The Protests and Controversy generated by the Vietnam War produced huge debate. Interest is focused on the demands of the relationship between citizenship and scholarship. The new left breaks into 2 groups; one young, countercultural and activist; the other older, better established and with a communist background. A mega row breaks out between the 2 factions and the whole movement peters out.
Involvement in Political Movements.
Historians now get themselves involved in political movements such as the Black panthers and Richard Nixon's election campaign, (p 437) For the history profession this doesn't work as political neutrality is very important to scholarship. The result is Ideological Polarisation. which lead to Disorientation, and eventually to Fragmentation.
Social History
This was the next phase, history with the politics left out. There was a lack of socialism in the U.S. This movement attracted radicals.
Diplomatic History.
This was the next step and involved a re-conceptualisation of American foreign policy .Had the U.S. come to accept its responsibility as a world power? Was American intervention in both WW2 and Vietnam War a mistake?
There now happened a sort of Academic Watergate (p452)
Vietnam War referred to as an object lesson in historical non-thinking. (p456)
During the 1970s/80s there was fragmentation within the history profession. Historians are now looking for a unifying version of the past, both national and global
Chapter 14
Every group its Own Historian.
Marginalisation of Women and Blacks
Stereotyped ideas were widespread within the profession regarding both women and blacks, both of whom were trying to make their way within it.
Blacks were written-off as "subjective" Whites were supposed to be objective.
Women were categorised as "intuitive" men were supposed to be analytical.
The first prominent Black historian was Franklin, but he was considered by other Blacks as an "Oreo" meaning black on the outside and white at the core. because of Black panther movement, blacks were scornful of whites
There was gender discrimination within the profession, no women professors .By the mid 80s women got into prominence within the AHA
Common Themes.
At this stage a lot of written works were produced with themes common to both women and blacks. Historical neglect of both these sections of the community was deplored. The net result was a rapid growth in Women's History but a slow development of Black history Also a major clash between the community of historians and the feminist community.
Public Historians
Many public historians were employed by the state and objectivity was a sore point among them. The question was asked "Are expert Witnesses Whores?". (p 515)A code of ethics for public historians was drawn up (p514/519)
Nevertheless, objectivity was now problematic.
Chapter 15
The Centre does not Hold.
A Fresh breeze for some, Acid rain for others.---Kuhn
Thomas Kuhn's book. (1962) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was the vehicle for what came to be called "Postpositivism" or "Postempiricism"
Fact over Theory
Observations either confirmed or falsified theories Kuhn was first a physicist, then he became a historian. he relied on the collective judgement of the scientific community. .Kuhn's belief was that methods of changing problems had to change with circumstances he saw nothing wrong with rejecting a used-out paradigm (an example showing a certain pattern). But he insisted that he was not a relativist.
Results Fudged
Around this time it came to light that Newton, Mendel, and the American Nobel prize winner, Robert Millikan, had all fudged their results.
Is science an ideology or a form of oppression asks Arnold Thackery, editor of Isis magazine
Goodman's Theory
Goodman now comes up with his belief that many versions of the world can be right at the same time. (p539)
Many Theories
Several other theories are put forward by various people. No one could agree on anything except that there was a crisis in literary studies.
Objectivity now centres on Anthropology. two schools of thought;
Emic from Phonemic; group studies, holistic studies, studies from the natives' point of view
Etic from Phonetic; particular, concrete ,measurable, described by using a metalanguage.
The Etic school-of-thought was dominant.
Geertz and Rorty
Clifford Geertz and also Richard Rorty were the major exponents. Rorty suggested substituting "Solidarity" for "Objectivity"
The point was stressed that every view was not OK Inaccurate and fictitious views have to be rejected. One is then left with a few views which are OK.
Chapter 16
There was no King in Israel.
Objectivist Program of the Founding Fathers
This was being challenged Ideology was in disarray
At the same time there was resistance as many were wilfully oblivious to new developments
---there was a widespread sense that the historical profession was coming apart at the seams (p 573)
In the 70s colleges were overcrowded, PhDs were plentiful ,so many written works were being published that no one could keep track of them much less read them. unless one were a "besotted Faust" (p581) Increased knowledge did not necessarily mean better understanding because it became virtually impossible to make a generalisation which was not falsified in advance by some substantial body of data.
Other peoples' Turf
Historians are now venturing onto what had been other peoples' turf. It is now acceptable to write the history of anything So vocabulary, methods and concepts have to adapt.
The language of historians now becomes complicated on account of wandering into other disciplines. It is difficult to communicate with the laity, also difficult for historians to evaluate each other's work.
Sub Divisions
As the world political is founded on nations, the constituent units of the world of
scholarship are disciplines. (p590)
Sub-divisions of all the disciplines come into being. But history is so fragmented that it is beyond any hope of unification. On the other hand, each section is doing well in its own right, being published in translation etc
Some more Writers
Novak now mentions Hayden White who thought history was nothing but literature and that all depended on what was acceptable as evidence and what was not.;
La Capra who goes for documentary/objectivist model of knowledge
--the task of the historian is to use sources as documents to reconstruct past reality as accurately as he or she can (p604)
Peter Gay who went back to Ranke's theory .i. the historian doesn't make history, he finds it.
David Abraham .
Novak goes into great detail about a mighty argument which took place David Abraham via Felding and Turner. Abraham wrote a book about Nazism and Hitler; he made some mistakes in his research which he later acknowledged ,but Feldman stubbornly kept on blocking him from getting jobs. Nor would the AHA accept that others besides Abraham had made mistakes. Turner and Felding won, which was" a striking demonstration of the continued power of the empiricist-objectivist alliance" says Novak.
During the late 70s' early 80s an attempt was made to get back to narrative
An attempt was made to mediate the crisis within the profession, notably by Hollinger and Haskell who tried to stake out a middle-of-the road grounding for the historical venture. but in the 1980s, no one was listening..Novak uses a quote from the bible to describe the history profession
In those days there was no king in Israel; every man did that which was right in his own eyes
He refers to his own aim when writing his book which was
--to provoke my fellow historians to greater self-consciousness about the nature of our activity ,to stimulate alternative ways of thinking about works of history and the claims made on their behalf.
He doesn't know whether he has succeeded or not But he quotes Jean Paul Sartre who says that the spectator is the real sculpture....


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The year was 1946. In the wake of World War II, Philadelphia matrons Margaret Roselle Hawkins and Sarah Strickland Scott called together seven friends...
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Business Strategies Managed And Applied By Kuwait Airways
For small businesses, local marketing is the ultimate lead generation tactic. Identify your tactical marketing mix using the 7 Ps of marketing If you can choose the right combination of marketing across product, price, promotion, place, people, process and physical evidence, your marketing strategy is more likely to be a success.
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Dec 14, 2019
Momentum is rooted in human nature and behavioral biases. This episode is a little different than other WWoWS episodes, as it was originally for guest Jamie Catherwood's own history podcast, of which Jim was the first guest. However, enjoy this dive into the first ever book on behavioral finance. Find Jamie's corresponding article here: https://osam.com/Commentary/the-factor-archives-momentum