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Dear community, I want to identify representative capsules based on the capsule duration. What I did so far is: 1. Identify capsules 2. Create a signal from condition that represents the capsule duration. 3. Calculate average capsule duration and percentiles of interest from this signal using metrics 4. Use these metrics to identify capsules that are within a certain range around the average or between two percentiles. What I would like to do next and could not accomplish so far is: By now step 4 works when entering the respective criterion to a value search by hand. Now I would like to do that dynamically, i.e., calculate the metrics for the displayed time range and directly get capsules that satisfy the criterion given above. After trying around for some time, this seems to be possible using formula: I tried to use the metrics directly, but the function I tried to use (InBetween) does not accept metrics as input. I also tried to calculate the metrics directly in formula to avoid wrong data types, but that was also not successful. It sems to get down to explicitly convert the signal metrics to scalar, but I also fail to do that. As I am quite new to seeq, I would appreciate if there were some hints on this: Is it possible? Did I choose the correct approach? Are there other, even simpler ways to accomplish that. Thanks in advance!
FAQ: I've created a condition for a particular event of interest and now I would like to create a signal that is the running count of these events in a given time period. This analysis is common in equipment fatigue use cases when equipment degrades slowly based on a number of cycles (thermal, pressure, tension, etc) that it has undergone during it's life or since a last component replacement. Solution: We can convert each of these capsules into a signal comprised of a single sample (with value of 1) per capsule, then take a running sum of this new signal over the current equipment life condition. 1) Use Formula to create a signal with a constant value of 1 and a sample every 1 second. (1).toSignal(1sec) 2) Use Signal from Condition to create a new signal with a single sample of value 1 per capsule. Take the average of the "1 signal" during each of the event capsules. 3) Use Formula to calculate the running sum of the 1 sample per capsule signal during the Current Equipment Life capsule. $OneSamplePerCapsule.runningSum($CurrentLife).toLinear(7d)
Selecting Capsules within a Condition
John Cox posted a topic in General Seeq DiscussionsIn some cases you may want to do a calculation (such as an average) for a specific capsule within a condition. In Seeq Formula, the toGroup() function can be used to get a group of capsules from a condition (over a user-specified time period). The pick() function can then be used to select a specific capsule from the group. The Formula example below illustrates calculating an average temperature for a specific capsule in a high temperature condition. // Calculate the average temperature during a user selected capsule of a high temperature // condition. (The high temperature condition ($HighT) was created using the Value Search tool.) // // To prevent an unbounded search for the capsules, must define the search start/end to use in toGroup(). // Here, $capsule simply defines a search time period and does not refer to any specific capsules in the $HighT condition. $capsule = capsule('2019-06-19T09:00Z','2019-07-07T12:00Z') // Pick the 3rd capsule of the $HighT condition during the $capsule time period. // We must specify capsule boundary behavior (Intersect, EnclosedBy, etc.) to // define which $HighTcapsules are used and what their boundaries are (see // CapsuleBoundary documentation within the Formula tool for more information). $SelectedCapsule = $HighT.toGroup($capsule,CapsuleBoundary.EnclosedBy).pick(3) // Calculate the temperature average during the selected capsule. $Temperature.average($SelectedCapsule)
Adding and Using Capsule Properties
Lindsey.Wilcox posted a topic in General Seeq DiscussionsBackground: A property can be added to capsules for further filtering and aggregation through Seeq tools, including Histogram. All properties on a condition are stored as string values. This post examines how to add a property to a condition and then how those properties may be used. Adding Properties to a Condition Capsule properties may be used to store important information such as, Product Codes, Batch IDs, and Recipes. There are three functions in Seeq Formula which can add properties to the capsules in a condition: toCondition() - Dedicated function to transform a signal into a condition which contains a capsule for each value change in the input signal. The value of the signal is stored as a property of the capsule toCapsules() - Dedicated function to transform a signal into a condition which contains a capsule for each valid sample in the input signal. The value of the signal is stored as a property of the capsule. setProperty() - Flexible function which is used to assign properties to each capsule in a condition. It is most commonly used in SQL queries to attach transactional information from a data source to a capsule in a condition. toCondition() This function creates a capsule for every value change in a signal. This may be useful on a Batch ID signal or operating mode signal. The toCondition() function creates a new capsule for each value change and automatically assigns the signal value to a capsule property called 'Value'. Using the toCondition() operator on the Compressor Stage example data creates a capsule for each distinct value in the signal. The following image shows the condition created from performing toCondition() on the Compressor Stage Example Data. A capsule is created for each distinct value in the signal. This property may be viewed by adding the Value property to the Capsules Pane. The .toCapsules() operator works similiarly, but instead creates a new condition with a capsule for each sample point (regardless of whether the value has changed). setProperties() This flexible function is used to assign properties to a condition. Users must assign both a property name and value. The following syntax is an example of how the .setProperties() operator can be used in Formula to assign properties to the capsules in a condition. This example assigns a property of "Batch" with a value of '23' to each capsule in a condition. $condition.transform($capsule-> $capsule.setProperty('Batch',23)) In the next example, a High Power condition was created using Value Search tool (power >25). The following syntax can be used to assign a property called "averagePower" to each capsule in the High Power condition. The value of this property is calculated as the average Compressor Power during each High Power condition. Executing this Formula results in a new condition that contains the averagePower property for each capsule. Using Condition Properties Condition properties can be used in different ways, such as to filter the capsules in a Condition or to aggregate the data in Histogram Condition Filtering Capsule properties can be displayed in the Capsule Pane by adding a column to the table. These property columns may also be sorted in ascending or descending order. Once capsules within a condition have properties assigned, the filter() operator may be used in Formula to create new conditions containing only a subset of the original capsules. For example, the following syntax generates a new condition that only has the capsules where the Value property is equal to OFF. $condition.filter($capsule-> $capsule.getProperty('Value').isEqualTo('OFF')) Histogram Within the Histogram tool, users can select Condition as the aggregation type to create bins using capsule properties. The following example creates a Histogram based upon the Value property in the toCondition() condition. The output is a Histogram with a count of the number of capsules with a Value equal to each of the four stages of operation:
Signal-Based Capsule Adjustments
John Brezovec posted a topic in General Seeq DiscussionsSeeq has functions to allow easy manipulation of the starts and ends of capsules, including functions like afterStart(), move(), and afterEnd(). One limitation of these functions is that they expect scalar inputs, which means all capsules in the condition have to be adjusted by the same amount (e.g. move all capsules 1 hour into the future). There are cases when you want to adjust each capsule dynamically, for instance using the value of a signal to determine how to adjust the capsule. Solution: This post will show how to accomplish a dynamic / signal-based version of afterStart(). This approach can be modified slightly to recreate other capsule adjustment functions. Assume I have an arbitrary condition 'Condition', and signal 'Capsule Adjustment Signal'. I want to find the first X hours after each capsule start, where X is the value of 'Capsule Adjustment Signal' at the capsule start. I can do this with the below formula. $condition .afterStart(3h) // has to be longer than an output capsule will ever be .transform($capsule -> { $newStartKey = $capsule.startKey() $newEndKey = $capsule.startKey() + $signal.valueAt($capsule.startKey()) capsule($newStartKey, $newEndKey) }) This formula only takes two inputs: $condition, and $signal. This formula goes through each capsule in the condition, and manipulates its start and end keys. In this case, the start key is the same as the original, but the new end key is set to the original start key plus the value of my signal. This formula produces the following purple condition: Some notes on this formula: The output capsules must be within the original capsules. Therefore, I have included .afterStart(3h) in the formula. This ensures the original capsules will always be larger than the outputted capsules. If you don't do this, you may see the following warning on your item, which indicates the formula is throwing away capsules: Your capsule adjustment signal must have units of time To accomplish other capsule adjustments, look at changing the definitions of the $newStartKey and $newEndKey variables to suit your needs.
A Guide to Working with Capsule Properties
Joe Reckamp posted a topic in General Seeq DiscussionsCapsules can have properties or information attached to the event. By default, all capsules contain information on time context such as the capsule's start time, end time, and duration. However, one can assign additional capsule properties based on other signals' values during the capsules. This guide will walk through some common formulas that can be used to assign capsule properties and work with those properties. Note: The formula syntax used in the following examples will all be based on the formula language for Seeq version 49. If you have questions about errors you may be receiving in the formulas on different versions, please check out the What's New in Seeq Knowledge Base pages for formula changes or drop a comment below with the error message. How can I visualize capsule properties? Capsule Properties can be added to the Capsules Pane in the bottom right hand corner of Seeq Workbench with the black grid icon. Any capsule properties beyond start, end, duration, and similarity that are created with the formulas that follow or come in automatically through the datasource connection can be found by clicking the "Add Column" option and selecting the desired property in the modal to get a tabular view of the properties for each capsule as shown below. In Trend View, you can Capsule Property labels inside the capsules by selecting the property from the labels modal. Note that only Capsule Properties added to the Capsule Pane in the bottom right corner will be available in the labels modal. In Capsule Time, the signals can be colored by Capsule Properties by turning on the coloring to rainbow or gradient. The selection for which property is performing the coloring is done by sorting by the capsule property in the Capsule Pane in the bottom right corner. Therefore, if Batch ID is sorted by as selected below, the legend shown on the chart will show the Batch ID values. When working with Scorecard Metrics, you can use a Capsule Property as the header of a condition based scorecard by typing in the property name into the header modal: How do I create a capsule for every (unique) value of a signal? Let's say you have a signal that you want to turn into individual capsules for each value or unique value of the signal. This is often used for string signals (e.g. batch IDs, operations, or phases) that may look like the signal below. There's two main operators that can be used for this: $signal.toCapsules() The toCapsules operator will create a capsule for each data point of the signal. Therefore, if there was only 1 data point per value in the string signal below, it would create one capsule per value, but if the string value was recorded every minute regardless of whether it change values, it would create 1 minute capsules. In addition, the toCapsules operator also automatically records a Capsule Property called 'Value' that contains the value of the signal data point. $signal.toCondition('Property Name') The toCondition operator will create a capsule for each change in value of the signal. Therefore, in the case above where the value was recorded every minute regardless of value changes, it would only create one capsule for the entire time the value was equivalent. Similarly to the toCapsules operator, the toCondition operator also automatically records a Capsule Property called 'Value' that contains the value of the signal data point. However, with the toCondition operator, there's an optional entry to store the property under a different name instead by specifying a property name in the parentheses in single quotes as shown in the example above. Note: Sometimes when working with string signals of phases or steps that are just numbered (e.g. Phase 1), if there is only one phase in the operation, you may end up wanting two Phase 1 capsules in a row (e.g. Operation 1 Phase 1 and Operation 2 Phase 1) whereas the toCondition method above will only create a single capsule. In this instance, it can be useful to concatenate the operation and phase signals together to find the unique combination of Operations and Phases. This can be done by using the following formula: ($operationsignal + ': ' + $phasesignal).toCondition('Property Name') How do I assign a capsule property? Option 1: Assigning a constant value to all capsules within a condition $condition.setProperty('Property Name', 'Property Value') Note that it is important to know whether you would like the property stored as a string or numeric value. If the desired property value is a string, make sure that the 'Property Value' is in single quotes to represent a string like the above formula. If the desired value is numeric, you should not use the single quotes. Option 2: Assigning a property based on another signal value during the capsule For these operations, you will have to use a transform operator to perform a particular set of operations per capsule to retrieve the desired property. For example, you may want the first value of a signal within a capsule or the average value of a signal during the capsule. Below are some examples of options you have and how you would set these values to capsule properties. The general format for this operation is listed below where we will define some different options to input for Property Scalar Value. $condition.transform($capsule -> $capsule.setProperty('Property Name', Property Scalar Value)) The following are options for what to input into Property Scalar Value in the formula above to obtain the desired property values: First value of signal within a capsule: $signal.toScalars($capsule).first() Last value of signal within a capsule: $signal.toScalars($capsule).last() Average value of signal within a capsule: $signal.average($capsule) Maximum value of signal within a capsule: $signal.maxValue($capsule) Minimum value of signal within a capsule: $signal.minValue($capsule) Standard deviation of signal within a capsule: $signal.stdDev($capsule) Totalization of a signal within a capsule: $signal.totalized($capsule) Count the capsules of a separate condition within a capsule: $DifferentCondition.count($capsule) Duration of capsules in seconds of a separate condition within a capsule: $DifferentCondition.totalduration($capsule) There are more statistical operations that can be done if desired, but hopefully this gives you an idea of the syntax. Please leave a comment if you struggle with a particular operator that you are trying to perform. Finally, there are often times when you want to perform one of the above operations, but only within a subset of each capsule. For example, maybe for each batch, you want to store the max temperature during just a particular phase of the batch. In order to do this, first make sure you have created a condition for that phase of the batch and then you can use the following to input into Property Scalar Value in the formula above: $signal.within($PhaseCondition).maxValue($capsule) In this case, the within function is cutting the signal to only be present during the $PhaseCondition so that only that section of the signal is present when finding the maximum value. Option 3: Assign a property based on a parent or child condition In batch processing, there is often a parent/child relationship of conditions in an S88 (or ISA-88) tree hierarchy where the batch is made up of smaller operations, which is then made up of smaller phases. Some events databases may only set properties on particular capsules within that hierarchy, but you may want to move the properties to higher or lower levels of that hierarchy. This formula will allow you to assign the desired property to the condition without the property: $ConditionWithoutProperty.transform($capsule -> $capsule.setProperty('Current Property Name', $ConditionWithProperty.toGroup($capsule).first().property('Desired Property Name'))) Note that this same formula works whether the condition with the property is the parent or child in this relationship. I also want to point out that if there are multiple capsules of the $ConditionWithProperty within any capsule of the $ConditionWithoutProperty, that this formula is set up to take the property from the first capsule within that time span. If you would like a different capsule to be taken, you can switch the first() operator in the formula above to last() or pick(Number) where last will take the property from the last capsule in the time span and pick is used to specify a particular capsule to take the property from (e.g. 2nd capsule or 2nd to last capsule). There's another write-up about this use case here for more details and some visuals: How do I filter a condition by capsule properties? Conditions are filtered by capsule properties using the keep operator. Some examples of this are listed below: Option 1: Keep exact match to property $condition.keep('Property Name', isEqualTo('Property Value')) Note that it is important to know whether the property is stored as a string or numeric value. If the property value is a string, make sure that the 'Property Value' is in single quotes to represent a string like the above formula. If the value is numeric, you should not use the single quotes. Option 2: Keep regular expression string match $condition.keep('Property Name', isMatch('B*')) $condition.keep('Property Name', isNotMatch('B*')) You can specify to keep either matches or not matches to partial string signals. In the above formulas, I'm specifying to either keep all capsules where the capsule property starts with a B or in the second equation, the ones that do not start with a B. If you need additional information on regular expressions, please see our Knowledge Base article here: https://support.seeq.com/space/KB/146637020/Regex%20Searches Option 3: Other keep operators for numeric properties Using the same format of Option 1 above, you can replace the isEqualTo operator with any of the following operators for comparison functions on numeric properties: isGreaterThan isGreaterThanOrEqualTo isLessThan isLessThanOrEqualTo isBetween isNotBetween isNotEqualTo Option 4: Keep capsules where capsule property exists $condition.keep('Property Name', isValid()) In this case, any capsules that have a value for the property specified will be retained, but all capsules without a value for the specified property will be removed from the condition. How do I turn a capsule property into a signal? A capsule property can be turned into a signal by using the toSignal operator. The properties can be placed at either the start timestamp of the capsule (startKey) or the end timestamp of the capsule (endKey): $condition.toSignal('Property Name', startKey()) $condition.toSignal('Property Name', endKey()) This will create a discrete signal where the value is at the selected timestamp for each capsule in the condition. If you would like to turn the discrete signal into a continuous signal connecting the data points, you can do so by adding a toStep or toLinear operator at the end to either add step or linear interpolation to the signal. Inside the parentheses for the interpolation operators, you will need to add a maximum interpolation time that represent the maximum time distance between points that you would want to interpolate. For example, a desired linear interpolation of capsules may look like the following equation: $condition.toSignal('Property Name', startKey()).toLinear(40h) It should be noted that some properties that are numeric may be stored as string properties instead of numeric, particularly if the capsules are a direct connection to a datasource. In this case, a .toNumber() operator may need to be added after the toSignal, but before the interpolation operator. Finally, it is often useful to have the property across the entire duration of the capsule if there are no overlapping capsules (e.g. when looking at batches on a particular unit). This is done by turning the signal into a step signal and then filtering the data to only when it is within a capsule: $condition.toSignal('Property Name', startKey()).toStep(40h).within($condition) What capsule adjustment/combination formulas retain capsule properties? When adjusting or combining conditions, the rule of thumb is that operators that have a 1 to 1 relationship between input capsule and output capsule will retain capsule properties, but when there are multiple capsules that are required as the input to the formula operator, the capsule properties are not retained. For example, moving a capsule by 1 hour has knowledge of the input properties whereas merging 2 capsules together results in not knowing which capsule to keep the properties from. A full list of these operators and their stance on whether they retain or lose capsule properties during usage is below. Operators that retain properties Operators that lose properties afterEnd inverse afterStart merge beforeEnd fragment beforeStart intersect ends join starts union (if more than one capsule overlap) middles grow growEnd shrink move combineWith encloses inside subtract matchesWith touches union (when no capsules overlap) It is important to note that capsule properties are attached to the individual capsule. Therefore, using a combination formula like combinewith where multiple conditions are combined may result in empty values in your Capsule Pane table if each of the conditions being combined has different capsule properties. How do I rename capsule properties? Properties can be swapped to new names by using the renameProperty operator: $condition.renameProperty('Current Property Name', 'New Property Name') A complex example of using capsule properties: What if you had upstream and downstream processes where the Batch ID (or other property) could link the data between an upstream and downstream capsule that do not touch and are not in a specific order? In this case, you would want to be able to search a particular range of time for a matching property value and to transfer another property between the capsules. This can be explained with the following equation: $UpstreamCondition.move(0,7d) .transform($capsule ->{ $matchingDownstreamProperty = ($DownstreamCondition.toSignal('Downstream Property to Match Name') == $capsule.property('Upstream Property to Match Name')) $firstMatchKey = $matchingDownstreamProperty.togroup($capsule,CAPSULEBOUNDARY.INTERSECT).first().startkey() $capsule.setProperty('Desired Property Name',$DownstreamCondition.toSignal('Desired Downstream Property Name').tostep(40h).valueAt($firstMatchKey)) }) .move(0,-7d) Let's walk through what this is doing step by step. First, it's important to start with the condition that you want to add the property to, in this case the upstream condition. Then we move the condition by a certain amount to be able to find the matching capsule value. In this case, we are moving just the end of each capsule 7 days into the future to search for a matching property value and then at the end of the formula, we move the end of the capsule back 7 days to return the capsule to its original state. After moving the capsules, we start the transform. Inside the transform, we find the matching downstream property by turning the capsule property to match from the downstream condition into a signal and match it to the capsule property from the upstream capsule. We then find the key (timestamp) of the first match of the property. Again, similar to some other things, the first option could be swapped out with last or pick to grab a different matching capsule property. Finally, we set the property on the upstream condition to 'Desired Property Name' by turning the downstream capsule property that we want into a step signal and take the value where the first match was found.
Finding Periods of Overlapping Events
John Cox posted a topic in General Seeq DiscussionsFAQ: How do I identify time periods where I have overlapping capsules within the same condition? I may want to keep only the capsules (time periods) where capsules overlap. I may also want to keep the times where a certain number (2, 3, or more) of capsules overlap. In this example, we will find time periods where there are at least 2 overlapping capsules which make up the Event Condition. In the screenshot below, you can see there are 3 separate time periods where the Event condition capsules overlap: Step 1: Merge any overlapping capsules together using the merge() function in Formula: Now, we have a time period basis (Event Condition (merged)) over which we can count the total number of overlapping capsules. Step 2: Count the number of overlapping capsules using the count of the original Event Condition capsules over each Event Condition (merged) capsule: This creates a new signal as shown in the trend below. We can see that the new signal values (where > 1) correctly identify the 3 time periods where there are overlapping capsules in the original Event Condition. Step 3: We use Formula to find where the Event Condition (merged) capsules touch a time period where the Number of Overlapping Events signal (created in Step 2) is > 1. Note that we could test for varying number of overlapping capsules (> 2, > 3, etc.) depending on the goals of our analysis. We could also break Step 3 into 2 steps (a Value Search to find where the Number of Overlapping Events is > 1, followed by a Composite Condition to do the touches logic). This generates the final results where the Overlapping Events condition correctly identifies our time periods of interest:
FAQ: I have a condition for events of variable duration. I would like to create a new condition that comprises the first third of the time (or 4th, or 10th) of the original condition. Solution: A stepwise approach can be taken to achieve this functionality. 1. Begin with your condition loaded in the display pane. 2. Create a new Signal using Signal from Condition that calculates the total duration of each of your event capsules, interpolated as a step signal. 3. Create a new signal that is your total event duration multiplied by the proportion of the event that you would like to capture. e.g. for the first 1/3 of the event, divide your total duration signal by 3, as shown below. 4. Create an arbitrary discrete signal with a sample at the start of each of your event capsules. 5. Shift the arbitrary discrete signal in time by the value of your signal calculated in step 3. In this example, the 1/3 duration signal. Note, depending on your version of Seeq, the function to do this may be called move() or delay(). 6. Use the toCapsules() function in Formula to create a tiny (zero duration) capsule at each of your shifted, discrete samples. 7. Join the start of your original condition with the capsules created in step 6 using the composite condition tool.
GetStart() function use
Tomasz posted a topic in General Seeq DiscussionsHello everyone, I want to get the first value of signal within capsule. When I use getStart it returns No variant of function 'toscalars' consumes the parameters (Signal, Condition) at 'toscalars' Same with following function: $signal.toscalars($capsule).first() When I created capsule inside formula everything works fine: $signal.toscalars(capsule(now() - 6y, now())).first() Thanks
Counting capsules
Kathryn posted a topic in General Seeq DiscussionsIs there a way to count capsules? For example, I have created a value search in my data to show me all values above 70%. This forms capsules at the top of my timeframe. However I would like to now count how many capsules are in the selected timeframe (ie from November to January). I have tried using the "count" formula however it is showing a trend with a value every time the value search shows above 70%. I am looking for something that will tell me there were 87 capsules in the timeframe. And if I change the timeframe, then this value would change. I hope this makes sense. Thank you!
Daily Capsules Don't Start at Midnight
John Cox posted a topic in General Seeq DiscussionsI have created a daily condition in Seeq using the Periodic Condition tool. Why don't the capsules start at midnight? For example, in the screenshot below the "Daily" capsules start at 11:00PM (see the Capsules pane) instead of midnight (12:00AM). This results when the user interface (UI) time zone does not match that of the Seeq Server. In this example the Seeq Server time zone is US/Eastern but the UI time zone is US/Central. To make the UI time zone match, the user can click on the UI time zone link (noted by the red box in the screenshot: trend display, x-axis, right of timestamp): The user can then set the "Always use:" option to US/Eastern (in this example the Seeq Server is on US/Eastern) as shown here: The daily capsules now start at midnight:
Count Events in Boolean Signal
Sam White posted a topic in General Seeq DiscussionsI have a Boolean signal and would like to count the number of events over a specified time period. How can this be accomplished in Seeq? Thanks, Sam
Count the Number of Times in Each Stage
Curious George posted a topic in General Seeq DiscussionsHi- I have a process that goes through several different stages during its operation, e.g. 'Stage 1', 'Stage 2', 'Off' etc. I'd like to determine a count or frequency that my process is in each of these stages. What is the best way to do this?


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Division of Wildlife Conservation (DWC) Publication Details
Immunotoxicology of free-ranging pinnipeds: Approaches to study design
- Reference: Ross, P.S., K. B. Beckmen, and S. Pillet. 2003. Immunotoxicology of free-ranging pinnipeds: Approaches to study design. Chapter 22 (pages 571-591) [In] G. Bossart, J. Vos, M. Fournier, and T. O'Shea editors. Toxicology of Marine Mammals. Taylor and Francis Publishers, London.
- Audiences: Wildlife Manager
- Authors: Kimberlee Beth Beckmen, Stephane Pillet, Peter S. Ross
- Funding Sources:
- Grants:
- GMUs or Areas:
- Keywords: ringed seal, Phoca hispida, harbor seal, Phoca vitulina, grey seal, Halichoerus grypus, northern elephant seal, Mirounga angustirostris, California sea lion, Zalophus californianus, contaminants, disease, abnormalities
- Link:
- Partners:
- Primary Authors: Peter S. Ross
- Programs: Wildlife Health, Marine Mammals
- Project Numbers:
- Publication Types: Book, Journal Article/External Publication, Marine Mammals Scientific Publication
- Regions:
- Species: Harbor Seal, Ringed Seal, California Sea Lion, Northern Elephant Seal, Grey Seal
- Species Categories: Endangered or Threatened Species (Federal), Mammals, Marine Mammals
- Title: Immunotoxicology of free-ranging pinnipeds: Approaches to study design
- Topics: Disease, Health, and Nutrition, Physiology
- Year: 2003
See more: Wildlife Publications


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Lenovo 7304X Tab 7 Essential (Android OS,7 Inch,16GB+1GB, 4G+WiFi) BY Lenovo
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- Cables
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- Printers
Electronics & Mobiles
- Car Holder
- Electronics Piano Keyborad
- Most Popular
- Top Brands
- Beauty & Health
- Under 99 AED Offer
Product Description
Lenovo 7304X Tab 7 Essential (Android OS,7 Inch,16GB+1GB, 4G+WiFi)
Product Description
|State Black
|OS Version
|Android OS, Nouget
|Extra Features
|SMS(threaded view), MMS, Email, Push Mail, IM
|Screen Size
|7.0 Inch
|Screen Type
|Capacitive touchscreen
|Sim Support
|Nano Sim
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|Processor Type
|MediaTek MT8735D QC 1.3 GHz
|Dual Camera (Front/Back)
|Media Ports
|Card Slot: microSD, up to 128 GB
|1 Year Warranty
Tab 7 Essential
Lenovo 7304X Tab 7 Essentialfront and back angle viewsGreat tablet. Incredible priceFinally—a great tablet that won't break the bank. The Tab 7 Essential is perfect for families, thanks to multi-user accounts that let parents tailor experiences for themselves and their kids. It's thin and light, too – a budget-friendly pass-around tablet for any household.
The best price for the Lenovo 7304X Tab 7 Essential in Dubai, UAE is AED 355 sold at aimsouq and available and Free delivery within 1-2 working days.
Lenovo Tab 7304X Tab 7 Essential price, review and buy in UAE, Dubai, Abu Dhabi,Sharjah,Ajman | aimsouq.com
lenovo wholesale point dubai,abudhabi,uae.
When you order from aimsouq.com, you will receive a confirmation email. Once your order is shipped, you will be emailed the tracking information for your order's shipment. You can choose your preferred shipping method on the Order Information page during the checkout process.
The total time it takes to receive your order is shown below:
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In addition, the transit time depends on where you're located and where your package comes from. If you want to know more information, please contact the customer service. We will settle your problem as soon as possible. Enjoy shopping!


text:
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Release Date: 10/08/2013
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The complete condition of pre-owned Beyond: Two Souls includes Box
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From the makers of the award-winning Heavy Rain comes a unique, psychological action thriller. Featuring a brand-new game engine, a compelling, original story, and a top-notch Hollywood cast; BEYOND: Two Souls promises to be one of the most immersive experiences on the PlayStation 3.
Live the remarkable life of Jodie Holmes, a young woman who possesses extraordinary powers through a psychic link to an invisible entity. Experience the most striking moments of Jodie's life as your actions and decisions determine her fate. As she traverses the globe, Jodie will face incredible challenges against a backdrop of emotionally-charged events never before seen in a video game.
Current Sell Price: $8.50
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Lifetime Sell Price Range: $7.95 - $49.5


text:
Outlook Stable for Real Estate Next Year
California real estate held its own in 2002, despite the upand- down economy and struggling apparel trade.
But with unemployment edging up and consumer confidence wavering, 2003 has the look of the start of another down cycle. Still, several real estate experts are expecting the market to continue to stay healthy as they count low interest rates and the availability of capital as cornerstones of their reasoning.
"Other investment alternatives such as the equity markets and fixed income [securities] remain unattractive," said Tim Welch, executive managing director for Cushman & Wakefield Financial Services Group. "Real estate generates an annual return of 8 to 9 percent. As a result, real estate continues to be of interest to investors."
Locally, California Mart/California Market Center owner Hertz Investment Group is taking advantage of that dynamic. Hertz recently purchased the California Jewelry Mart at Sixth and Hill streets in downtown Los Angeles for about $10 million from the Helmsley family, giving Hertz its second jewelry building after the International Jewelry Center. After buying the Union Bank Plaza last year, Hertz recently sold the building to Walton Street Capital for $110 million, turning a $20 million profit.
But aside from the high-profile buildings that attract a lot of buyers, there are also other smaller ones that don't. There are several of these low-profile buildings sitting vacant along the Broadway Avenue corridor in Los Angeles, where a number of dyers, cut and sew operations, and equipment sale showrooms are based.
And then, close to the heart of the Los Angeles Fashion District, there is a swarm of activity as new apparel showrooms, discount retail and wholesale and other businesses are going up.
The big growth arena continues to be residential real estate as landlords are renovating buildings that have either been vacant or underperforming for years. Among the residential projects set for construction next year are the Gans Brothers building at 814 S. Spring St., where Flatiron Development Group LLC is planning first-floor retail and seven floors of live-work lofts for the 1914 Classical Revival–style structure.
The Bartlett Building at Seventh and Spring streets is also slated for apartments as Mini LLC, who purchased the 200,000-square-foot structure for $5 million, lays plans to invest $20 million to create 130 units. ICO Investments is planning 340 units at 610 Main St., where it is intending to pump $41 million into reviving the Pacific Electric Railway Building. A rooftop garden will be restored, and a restaurant will occupy the first floor. ANJAC's Orpheum Lofts, with 37 livework units above the historic Orpheum Theatre, are slated to open next summer. ANJAC's Steve Needleman, who has already pre-leased three of the units, sees a future in downtown residential development.
"Southern California is out of space, so they're going to come downtown," he said. "But one factor is that it will take a few years to establish a base [with grocery stores, entertainment and the like].
A Ralphs supermarket is planned near the campus of the Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising as well as another 800-unit development near the Staples Center, which will also help, said Needleman. "They can walk a block and a half to a grocery store. In New York, some people walk 20 blocks."
Elsewhere, former manufacturing space at 1220 S. Maple Ave. is being transformed into wholesale apparel showroom space. The newly renovated Gerry Building continues to sign new leases with the latest being DNA, a contemporary women's showroom that is marketing the Ossira, Toba & Co. and In Love lines in suite 604.
On the manufacturing front, warehouse space is being snapped up in emerging industrial markets such as Ontario in Southern California's Inland Empire as state-of-the-art distribution facilities continue to be built. Among the upcoming projects are a 340,000-square-foot warehouse and distribution center in Rancho Cucamonga to be built by Sacramentobased Panattoni Development Co.
For smaller warehousing buildings, Vernon and Southeast Los Angeles remain key choices for apparel industry importers, manufacturers and suppliers. Cocomo Apparel and Volume One Apparel signed a five-year, $1.88- million lease for 64,740 square feet of warehouse and distribution space that will be used for offices and warehousing, cutting, knitting and manufacturing. CAD/CAM supplier Tukatech Inc. recently completed a 10,000-square-foot expansion. Vernon issued about $90 million in construction permits last year and now employs more than 10,000 apparel and textile workers, representing 7.6 percent of the county's total employment.
Retail property should also stay strong as companies like Menomonee Falls, Wisc.–based Kohl's Department Stores moves into the region with 28 stores scheduled to open this spring in five Southern California counties. In addition, there's strong demand for infill centers throughout the region.
Orange County will be one of the key growth leaders for retail space as vacancy rates have stabilized under 5 percent, according to a report by Marcus & Millichap, which added that space at major shopping centers is being filled quickly even through a sluggish market.
"A well-located project with high consumer traffic in a medium to high income area will be looked upon favorably by the investment community," said Welch of Cushman & Wakefield.


text:
I'd like to Restrict access to Element API endpoint by the current user's group.
Is this possible Using Craft 2?
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I'd like to Restrict access to Element API endpoint by the current user's group.
Is this possible Using Craft 2?
Yes it is you can see here how to check permissions
You can get the current user with
$currentUser = craft()->userSession-getUser();
Then you can check the same conditions like in the example link. If the conditions are false you can return an empty array instead of your endpoints
if(!$currentUser->isInGroup('groupHandle')) {
return [];
Please make sure to check if the current user is not null
die() your script out with a message. The clean way would be to create a custom route for each api endpoint and display the message in your controller
Jun 16, 2018 at 10:06
die('You cannot access this resource') is exactly what I need for this. Thank you !!
Jun 16, 2018 at 10:33


text: Mac Version Officially Released We've wrapped up the Beta-phase of our Mac server testing, and our official Mac version has been released for all users. You can now install dualmon and remotely connect to the following versions of MacOS: High Sierra, Sierra, El Capitan, Yosemite, Mavericks, and Mountain Lion. The installation process for unattended computers is the same as installing our Windows version: on the Computers page of your account, click the "Add a Computer" button, assign the name and password, and the Mac installer will download if you're on a Mac. Assist sessions are also included in this release, so you can now remotely support Mac users.


text:
This is probably the ultimate first world problem sort of complaint, but American has replaced the first class warm cookie of deliciousness with one that isn't worth eating, and that I decline now every time.
Perhaps that's good — I don't need it anyway — but I share my experiences and thoughts on this blog both large and small, I compliment the little things and criticize them too.
Meal service isn't just about whether there's a meal, but what's served. When I first started flying for work in the mid- to late-90s, lunch on a cross country flight might be a steak, served in courses after an appetizer of shrimp. I remember how controversial the 'gourmet' burger was on United in early 2001, and it was much better than the cheeseburger on American and Continental in the late 2000s.
Goodness knows there's an uproar when airlines cut ice cream sundaes from first class.
Back in August, American sought to reassure us that they were keeping warm cookies.
But as I wrote about six weeks ago, it's a different cookie.
smaller, no choice of kinds, and not nearly as gooey or delicious.
The Forward Cabin agrees with me, the new cookie is a true devaluation.
[T]he cookie is more dense. The center is more "cake" that gooey, and it looks to be more pre-packaged than before. I was only offered one flavor to choose from – chocolate chip – and no milk. The "original" cookie was more moist, had an outer "crust" and was less sweet than the new cookie.
American is adding meals back to some flights where they were cut this coming Saturday. But they need to bring back the old cookie.
- You can join the 40,000+ people who see these deals and analysis every day — sign up to receive posts by email (just one e-mail per day) or subscribe to the RSS feed. It's free. You can also follow me on Twitter for the latest deals. Don't miss out!


text:
Friends, I am so excited about my upcoming art show at Artscape at the Dallas Arboretum. I cannot tell you how fun this event is, especially, the preview night on April 24. I have special tickets for you if you are not a member. Please let me know if you would like a ticket.
Liana Yarckin Watercolors
Booth #9
April 24-27
Dallas Arboretum
I am honored to be selected as one of the artists in this show. The show features artists from all over the country who specialize in a variety of mediums. There is something for everyone. Last year, many of my visitors found interesting art pieces in a booth across from me for their little peeps. I have been working very hard and will have new works on display that I have not posted anywhere online! The only way to see them is at the show!!! Last year I sold 5 pieces on opening night. Two were by facebook followers and they knew exactly what they wanted.
So come and see me, bring the family, make it an outing - it is only once a year.
#dallasarboretum, #lianayarckin #artshow


text:
Hi all,
A question for your collective genius...
I'm TAing a class on Kubrick and Altman and a student wants the names of
any auteurs (using the term pretty loosely) who are/were somehow linked to
Kubrick or Altman (thematically, stylistically, or via working with them at
some point).
Here's the catch: She's looking for a filmmaker who: directed, wrote the
screenplay, *and* came up with the original concept. The original concept
part is what she's most interested in.
This is for her final paper, btw.
If you can't be a good example,
then you'll just have to be a horrible warning.
--Catherine Aird
Screen-L is sponsored by the Telecommunication & Film Dept., the
University of Alabama.


text:
218 W Stephenson St, Freeport, IL 61032, USA $ 69,000.00
218 W Stephenson St, Freeport, IL 61032, USA$ 69,000.00
Attractive three story building sits just a block from the Freeport City Hall and the Stephenson County Courthouse. Ideal for a variety of uses for entrepreneur. The ground floor has two retail spaces both with seperate entrances onto West Stephenson which is the main business route through downtown Freeport. Recent occupants of 220 were and an … Read more 218-220 West Stephenson,Freeport, IL 61032


text:
Bahamas Exclusive Offers
Bahamas Exclusive Offers
Unlimited Exploration
Just off the coast of Florida, the Bahamas (made up of 700 islands!) is an ecological oasis waiting to be explored. There are intra-island flights, as well as ferry services and personal yachts available for you to island-hop and enjoy the unique aspects of each island. You'll surely want to visit Nassau, the nation's capital, and Paradise Island, which offer a distinct blend of international glamour and tropical paradise. You can relax and take a dip in the ocean, swim with dolphins, visit 18th-century fortresses, and shop. Enjoy haute cuisine at one of the many restaurants and taste a Bahamas specialty — conch — or have your own private chef prepare your favorite meal. And if you're a night owl, there are an array of nightclubs, bars, and casinos to keep you busy. Whatever you choose to do during your Bahamas villa vacation, your luxury villa rental will provide a picture-perfect setting for it all.


text:
César Hidalgo
César A. Hidalgo leads the Macro Connections group at The MIT Media Lab and is also an Associate Professor of Media Arts and Sciences at MIT. Hidalgo's work focuses on collective learning. That is, the learning that takes place in teams, organizations, cities, and nations. In his lab he develops analytical tools to improve our understanding of how collective learning takes place, and also, he develops data visualization and analysis tools designed to improve the collective learning of organizations. Hidalgo's academic publications have been cited more than 7,500 times and his visualization engines have been viewed more than 100 million times. Hidalgo is the author of Why Information Grows (Basic Books, 2015), the co-author of The Atlas of Economic Complexity (MIT Press, 2014), and a co-founder of Datawheel LLC. He lives in Somerville Massachusetts with his wife Anna and their daughter Iris.
Why Information Grows?
What is economic growth? And why, historically, has it occurred in only a few places? Previous efforts to answer these questions have focused on institutions, geography, finances, and psychology. But according to MIT's antidisciplinarian César Hidalgo, understanding the nature of economic growth demands transcending the social sciences and including the natural sciences of information, networks, […]


text:
The 11th (Scottish) Commando Black Hackle
A history by Jim Henderson
In this new 6 part series, Arran local Jim Henderson, gives an account of the period during the 2nd World War when the 11th Commando were posted to Arran where they lived and trained, forging many relationships and connections with Arran that continue to this day.
Part 1 – 'Lest we forget'
Wednesday 6th September will be the 80th anniversary of when over 500 of the 11th (Scottish) Commando arrived in Lamlash to continue training. When the 11th Commando was formed it was decided that the headdress would be a glengarry with a black hackle supported by the badge of the Soldiers own regiment.
After the War ended in 1945, the surviving Commando returned to their units, homes and loved ones. A few returned to Ayrshire and Arran to renew friendships made, which often led to marriage. Many of the 11th Commando returned to Arran for holidays and a small number became members of Lamlash Golf Club, which led to the formation of the annual reunions.
The reunions were organised on the first weekend following the English bank holiday to coincide with the weekend nearest the 6th September. The first reunion in 1985 was organised by Lamlash locals, which included Harold (Spud) and Jessie Taylor, Isabel Allen and Ban Turner and around 50 former officers and men of the 11th Commando attended. The following year in 1986 over 70 of the men and their families gathered in the gardens of Brodick Castle. The 3rd reunion had around 40 of the men present plus their family members.
During the 50th anniversary, in 1990, the 5th reunion, there were around 120 men and family of all ages present when the grandson of Richard Pedder unveiled a plaque in Lamlash Church. This also marked the involvement of Lamlash Golf Club when the Commando were welcomed as part of their annual celebrations. An annual competition was organised and in 1993 the Commando presented the Commando Veterans Cup and the individual prizes. The first winner of the cup was Ronald McDowall who just popped the author by one stroke. In 1997 the winner was Blair McGunnigle the grandson of Walter Marshall.
As the years progressed nature began to take its toll and the number of the Commando making the journey to Arran began to decrease. At the 70th anniversary in 2010, only one of the Commando were able to attend the reunion, however relatives have kept the tradition alive. Peter Turfrey as the Commando secretary organised the reunions from 1997, assisted by David McNaughton who acted as the treasurer. In 2013 when, in the early stages of another Arran reunion, Peter and David passed on unexpectedly their widows, Maureen and Christine, have kept up the tradition attending the Arran weekend every year, Maureen travelling from near Birmingham and Christine from Kilmarnock. Maureen's step-father was Reginald Walters who was in 4 troop 11 Commando and latterly with the 204 Mission and Chindits. Christine's father was Matthew Wilson, a member of the Seaforth Highlanders and Cameroon. He joined the 11 Commando and was batman to Major David Blair who was in charge of 6 troop and was billeted in Kinniel House.
This year will be the 35th annual visit.
The Commandos were formed in July 1940, following a command by Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom following the evacuation of troops from Dunkirk. The volunteers came from all parts of the United Kingdom.
By May of 1940 the Germans had invaded Norway, in the low countries the resistance from the French and Belgian armies collapsed and the British Expeditionary Forces had to make an orderly evacuation from Dunkirk on the 6th June 1940. Churchill directed Lord Ismay, head of the Military Wing of the War Cabinet Secretariat to prepare an Enterprise consisting of specially trained troops of the hunter class, who could develop a reign of terror first of all on a 'butcher and bolt policy'.
Churchill held a meeting with the Chiefs of Staff and instructed them to train a special force capable of developing a reign of terror by forming an offensive to defend Britain and keep the Germans at bay, who occupied the coastline of the North Sea and the English Channel.
Lt Colonel Dudley Clarke came up with an idea based on the guerrilla fighters of the Boer War and named these special forces 'Commando'. The object was to form a specially trained group of Commando, who were able to fight independently under the command of specially selected officers.
Despite opposition from regular army authorities, officers were selected and allocated a destination to train his group, normally a seaside location where the men would be billeted and trained, when not engaged in operations. The Commando organisation was intended to create a group of men capable of the following:
1. Operating independently for a 24-hour period.
2. Capable of very wide dispersion and individual action.
3. Not capable of resisting an attack or overcoming a defence of formed bodies of troops, specialising in quick hit and run tactics dependent for their survival and success upon speed, ingenuity and dispersion.
The Commandos came under the province of Combined Operations in July 1940. Churchill appointed Sir Roger Keyes Admiral of the Fleet as Director of Combined Operations, who was followed by Lord Louis Mountbatten from October 1941 for a duration of 100 weeks. A number of the new units were despatched to several parts of Britain – 3rd and 4th Commando were the Southern command, 5th and 6th the Western command, 7th the Eastern command, 8th the London district command and the 9th and 11th Commando the Scottish contingent.
Lt Colonel Richard R Pedder aged 36 was chosen to lead the 11th. He requested volunteers from the Scottish forces, who were joined by troops from England and Ireland, all of them associated with Scottish regiments like the Black Watch, Argyle and Sutherland Highlanders, Royal Scots Greys and others, for an undefined hazardous nature and ruthlessly culled both officers and men he considered unsuitable for the task ahead.
The Scottish Commando became Individual, Different and Unique. History records their brief time as one of the most important in all of the services.
The men who formed the 11th (Scottish) Commando were the first group to reach operational strength. Among the volunteers was the son of Sir Roger Keyes – Captain Geoffrey Keyes who was part of the Royal Scots Greys stationed at Redford barracks in Edinburgh. Once selected, he brought with him several troops from the old regiment including Walter Marshall (who lived in Lamlash until his death in 2005).
Other volunteers included Robert Mayne (Paddy) of the Royal Ulster Rifles and Eoin McGonigal, who although was undisciplined, proved to be a tough Commando and developed a strong bond with Captain Keyes.
COMMANDO, a Portuguese word meaning command, which was adopted in the early 1900's by the 'Boers' in South Africa for military purposes and expeditions against the local populations. Commando units eventually were made up of the Special Air Service, Special boat service and Parachute regiments, over a period of time, which were disbanded and integrated with the S.A.S in 1941 [Special Air Service] and the L.R.D.G. [Long Range Desert Group] after the 11th Commando were disbanded.
After the war ended the Commando role was exclusively given to the Royal Marines. Their missions were the stuff of fiction, but it was in fact a reality. During the period of 1940 to 1943 the Commando units proved to be the toughest and the bravest of hand-picked members of the British military. Hundreds of them perished; many were engaged in what was more like suicide missions, in operations which were so daring and dangerous that even the officers planning the missions had on occasions, reason to question the tactics.
Next month, Jim's account continues with Churchill's orders, early combat and the start of the 11th Commando.
Featured image shows the 11th Commando Black Hackle in Cyprus


text:
Some symptoms that indicate the radiator fan is damaged include warning lights on, warm air blowing while using the air conditioning, and an overheated engine. If caught early, the repairs are fairly inexpensive.
The radiator fan is a vital component of a vehicle.
Many radiator fans will last the lifetime of the vehicle. If the radiator fan fails it is typically because of a component connected to the radiator fan, such as broken fuses or sensors.
In general, the lifespan of a car today is about twelve years. It isn't that common for the radiator fan to go bad on a newer vehicle, but it could happen for several reasons. Never rule it out. In older cars, however, it's a pretty likely repair.
If symptoms aren't as severe as an overheated engine, a bad radiator fan can be replaced fairly easily. Unfortunately, if symptoms are severe and lead to an overheated engine, the engine could seize. Not only does that mean added stress, but it also means added costs.
By knowing and researching the symptoms, you can determine if the radiator fan needs to be replaced, how it became damaged, and estimate the cost of the repair. This is a necessary repair to have a fully dependable vehicle.
This article outlines some common questions about radiator fans, symptoms it needs replacing, and associated costs.
What Is the Radiator Fan and What Does it Do?
The radiator fan pulls cooling air through the radiator.
This is helpful when the car is stationary or moving at a slow speed, as it forces air through the grille. A broken radiator fan can result in your engine overheating.
There are two types of radiator fans
- mechanical
- electric
Older vehicles typically have a mechanical radiator fan. These radiator fans have a built-in clutch that allows the fan to idle when the engine is cold and turns on when the engine is hot. Mechanical radiator fans are usually attached to the water pump alley.
Electric radiator fans are found in modern vehicles and are controlled by an electric motor. The engine's computer determines when the fan turns on and off. This can be tricky. This means that a mechanical breakdown of the part is less likely (not impossible) but also that a digital malfunction could arise.
This is the case with many new cars, and sometimes it works out for the best as sensors are easier to replace than whole systems. Some sensors, are hard to get to though, driving the labor cost up.
Why Do Radiator Fans Fail?
Radiator fans could fail for a variety of reasons, including:
- A broken fuse
- A defective coolant temperature sensor
- Bad or broken connections
- A bad fan controller module
- Electrical motor failure within the radiator fan
- Damaged radiator fan relay
- Insufficient coolant
Fuses support almost everything electrical in a vehicle. Sometimes, fuses cut electricity surging towards a piece of electronic equipment, saving it from destruction. This is known as a blown fuse. If the fan fuse is blown, it could also mean there is a problem with the connections or the radiator fan.
A temperature sensor is used to know when to start the radiator fan. If this sensor is broken, the control unit doesn't know when to start the radiator fan.
Over time, vehicles experience normal wear and tear, which can lead to several issues. Connector plugs used outside of the radiator fan could corrode. If corrosion is present in any of the connector plugs or the wiring is bad, the radiator fan may not work.
Some models have a separate control module for the radiator fan control. This module is normally in the engine bay, exposed to heat and dust leading to corrosion. A corroded control module means the radiator fan will not function.
Sometimes, the electrical motor within the radiator fan wears down.
Normally, there is a relay between the coolant system and the radiator fan. A faulty relay could lead to the radiator fan not coming on when needed.
If the vehicle's coolant level is low, there is an increased chance of air entering the system. The coolant temperature sensor will malfunction, meaning the radiator fan will not turn on. If the coolant is not kept at an optimum level, you risk your engine becoming overheated and seized, leading to a costly repair.
If a vehicle is properly maintained, you should be without major issues. However, if symptoms are present and ignored, the engine could seize. A seized engine repair is much more costly than replacing the radiator fan itself.
How Do I Know if the Radiator Fan is Bad?
A damaged radiator fan can cause many problems:
- An overheated engine
- Warm air blowing while the air conditioner is running
- Warning lights are on
A damaged radiator fan can cause the engine to overheat, especially at lower speeds. An overheated engine can become quickly ruined and lead to expensive repair bills. If this happens while driving, safely move to the side of the road and turn off the engine.
The radiator fan helps the condenser and is responsible for removing heat from the A/C system. A damaged radiator fan means the condenser fails and the A/C system blows warm air.
The engine temperature light and check engine light may turn on if the radiator fan has failed. Sometimes, the A/C system may also display a warning light.
You can just the old-fashioned listening technique. The radiator fan is pretty noisy, especially in older vehicles. When the car is sitting for a long time on a nice day, you hear that second fan kick in. That's the radiator fan. It's keeping things cool.
If you know that radiator fan should have kicked on long ago, and it is hasn't, you need to check on that part and stat – if the car actually overheats, you'll have an even bigger problem on your hands.
These symptoms can also be caused by other issues. For example, the A/C system could blow warm air due to a refrigerant leak. To be sure, have your vehicle diagnosed by a professional.
Can you Drive with a Bad Radiator Fan?
Driving with a faulty radiator fan is like flirting with disaster. If you are nervous about the cost of the repair or don't have the time available to visit the mechanic, you should avoid driving. Your safety far outweighs the risks.
As long as the vehicle is moving, enough air should pass through the grille to keep the engine cool. But what happens when we stop and sit in traffic? Normally, the radiator fan would turn on during this time to keep our engine cool. Without the fan working, the engine will overheat.
Once you notice symptoms, it would be much smarter to take the vehicle to a mechanic for a proper diagnosis. Typically, the motor on the electric fan needs to be replaced. This is an easier fix than replacing an overheated engine.
In summary, you could drive your car a short distance, and possibly farther, but you should avoid driving the vehicle with a damaged radiator fan. If the weather is hot, then don't push it. You'll be stranded.
How Much Does It Cost to Replace a Radiator Fan?
The radiator fan is an integral component of any vehicle. You may be scared when your mechanic confirms the radiator fan needs to be replaced. The average cost to replace the radiator fan varies depending on why the radiator fan failed.
Luckily, the majority of replacement costs associated with a radiator fan are inexpensive.
The easiest fix is optimizing coolant levels. The average cost of coolant ranges from $10 to $30.
A broken fuse and wiring can be replaced for approximately $10 to $20, in addition to diagnostic costs.
A damaged fan relay can be replaced for an average of $60 to 70 including labor.
If the engine coolant temperature sensor needs to be replaced, the average cost is between $120 and $160, depending on your vehicle model.
If the fan controller module needs to be replaced, the average cost is between $250 and $400, again depending on your vehicle module.
The most expensive repair, outside of replacing a seized engine, is the radiator fan motor. If the radiator fan motor needs to be replaced, the average cost is between $590 and $625.
Most of the costs outweigh the risk of driving around with a damaged radiator fan. If the repair is not worth the investment, you could just send the car to a junkyard.
Can I Replace a Radiator Fan Myself?
If you aren't confident, you should bring your vehicle to a trained professional to replace the radiator fan.
While accessing the radiator is not difficult, removing and then reinstalling all of the parts is a different story. This requires removing bolts, screws, clips, and hoses, disconnecting the battery and electric components, and finally, removing the radiator fan assembly.
These steps require the meticulous care of a mechanic.
You can save time and money by asking for a specific diagnosis on what needs to be fixed. Ask about the cost of each part and its labor. Otherwise, you could recycle your car at a junkyard and get paid cash.
Is Fixing a Vehicle with a Bad Radiator Fan Worth It?
Without the radiator fan, airflow through the radiator decreases, the temperature of the engine increases, and the engine will overheat. In most vehicles, there is not enough airflow through the radiator without the radiator fan.
At its most expensive, a radiator fan repair will cost from $590 to $625. Although not entirely affordable, it is a smaller price in comparison to replacing a seized engine. However, there are other factors to consider.
If the vehicle is your daily driver and an absolute necessity, the repair is also a necessity. If the vehicle is old and could be done without or replaced entirely, the cost of the repair could be better spent on something else.
If you decide to forgo the repair, you could sell the car for parts.
Another option is sending the car to the junkyard.
Area junkyards give payment in cash. If your engine seizes and tow is necessary, you can have your vehicle towed directly to the junkyard.
Don't Mess with a Damaged Radiator Fan
Imagine driving while your engine overheats. If the radiator fan breaks, this could happen at any time, especially while stuck in traffic. Our daily commutes cause us enough stress. The added stress of time and money as we watch smoke billow from our car hood is something we can avoid.
Understanding the symptoms of a bad radiator fan helps us better know our options. If the symptoms do not include an already overheated engine, we have plenty of options. The costs associated with these repairs are affordable and worth our safety.
If you cannot afford to repair the bad radiator fan, it's best not to drive the car. Use public transportation or ask a friend to help you with your daily commute. You can save money to properly afford that repair.
If the symptoms are severe and your engine overheats while driving, safely move to the side of the road, stop the car and turn the engine off. Do not attempt to restart the car. Call for a tow service.
Since you are stopped without anything else to do, consider your options. When the tow service arrives, you can have your car towed directly to your mechanic for repair. If you choose not to repair the car, you could send the car to a junkyard instead.
A damaged radiator fan that leads to an overheated and then seized engine is nothing to mess with. Consider your finances before making the best decision for you.
Ask your mechanic to check the radiator fan the next time your car receives maintenance.


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These are the BEST Easter Egg Decorating Ideas! Plus the perfect boiled egg tips and tricks, and recipes for what to do with all those boiled eggs!
Tired of the same old boring Easter eggs? Check out these FUN Easter Egg Decorating Ideas! A great project for both kids and adults.
It's hard to believe it's already time to start thinking about Easter! Once you've got your Easter dinner planned, it's time to move on to the fun stuff: decorating the eggs!
Before you decide how you want to decorate them, you need to boil them first! Check out my tips for getting the perfect hard boiled eggs, all laid out in easy steps. And if you have an Instant Pot, I have an easy Instant Pot Boiled Eggs recipe too!
Easter Egg Decorating Ideas
So which one are you going to try?? They're all so fun and pretty. I think We are going to try a few of them this year.
But then comes the next problem: what the heck are we going to do with all of these boiled eggs?? Have no fear, I have lots of ideas for you!


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Investment Strategy
In this course, we will discuss fundamental principles of trading off risk and return, portfolio optimization, and security pricing. We will study and use risk-return models such as the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and multi-factor models to evaluate the performance of various securities and portfolios. Specifically, we will learn how to interpret and estimate regressions that provide us with both a benchmark to use for a security given its risk (determined by its beta), as well as a risk-adjusted measure of the security's performance (measured by its alpha). Building upon this framework, market efficiency and its implications for patterns in stock returns and the asset-management industry will be discussed. Finally, the course will conclude by connecting investment finance with corporate finance by examining firm valuation techniques such as the use of market multiples and discounted cash flow analysis. The course emphasizes real-world examples and applications in Excel throughout. This course is the first of two on Investments that I am offering online ("Investments II: Lessons and Applications for Investors" is the second course).
The over-arching goals of this course are to build an understanding of the fundamentals of investment finance and provide an ability to implement key asset-pricing models and firm-valuation techniques in real-world situations. Specifically, upon successful completion of this course, you will be able to:
• Explain the tradeoffs between risk and return
• Form a portfolio of securities and calculate the expected return and standard deviation of that portfolio
• Understand the real-world implications of the Separation Theorem of investments
• Use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and 3-Factor Model to evaluate the performance of an asset (like stocks) through regression analysis
• Estimate and interpret the ALPHA (α) and BETA (β) of a security, two statistics commonly reported on financial websites
• Describe what is meant by market efficiency and what it implies for patterns in stock returns and for the asset-management industry
• Understand market multiples and income approaches to valuing a firm and its stock, as well as the sensitivity of each approach to assumptions made
• Conduct specific examples of a market multiples valuation and a discounted cash flow valuation
This course was previously entitled "Financial Evaluation and Strategy: Investments" and was part of a previous specialization entitled "Improving Business and Finances Operations", which is now closed to new learner enrollment. "Financial Evaluation and Strategy: Investments" received an average rating of 4.8 out of 5 based on 199 reviews over the period August 2015 through August 2016. You can view a detailed summary of the ratings and reviews for this course in the Course Overview section.
This course is part of the iMBA offered by the University of Illinois, a flexible, fully-accredited online MBA at an incredibly competitive price. For more information, please see the Resource page in this course and onlinemba.illinois.edu.
完成时间为 2 小时
Course Overview
In this module, you will become familiar with the course, your instructor, your classmates, and our learning environment. The orientation also
helps you obtain the technical skills required for the course.
1 个视频 (总计 27 分钟), 8 个阅读材料, 1 个测验
完成时间为 10 小时
Module 1: Investments Toolkit and Portfolio Formation
In Module 1, we will build the fundamentals of portfolio formation. After providing a brief refresher of basic investment concepts (our toolkit), a summary of historical patterns of stock returns and government securities in the U.S. is provided. We then consider general examples of portfolio choice to highlight the tradeoffs between "risk" and return. We end the module with a discussion of dominated assets and efficient portfolio formation, emphasizing real-world examples and practice in Excel solving for the optimal portfolio given certain constraints (such as the amount of volatility we will accept in our portfolio).
27 个视频 (总计 312 分钟), 3 个阅读材料, 3 个测验
完成时间为 7 小时
Module 2: Motivating, Explaining, & Implementing the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
In Module 2, we will develop the financial intuition that led to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), starting with the Separation Theorem of Investments. We will understand that in a CAPM setting, only the market-wide risk of an asset is priced – securities with greater sensitivity to the market are required by investors to yield higher returns on average. We will also learn how to interpret regressions that provide us with both a benchmark to use for a security given its risk (determined by its beta), as well as a risk-adjusted measure of the security's performance (measured by its alpha).
21 个视频 (总计 227 分钟), 3 个阅读材料, 2 个测验
完成时间为 7 小时
Module 3: Testing the CAPM, Multifactor Models, & Market Efficiency
In Module 3, we will discuss different asset-pricing models, the pros and cons of each, and market efficiency. In particular, we will test the effectiveness of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and examine survey data concerning its use by chief financial officers (CFOs) of firms. Predictable patterns in stock returns, such as the size and value effects, will also be examined and the Fama-French 3-Factor Model will be introduced. Market efficiency will be discussed in this module, as well as its implications for the asset-management industry and observed patterns in stock returns.
18 个视频 (总计 245 分钟), 3 个阅读材料, 2 个测验
完成时间为 6 小时
Module 4: Investment Finance and Corporate Finance: Firm Valuation
In Module 4, we will learn about the two key approaches to valuing a company or stock: market multiples and discounted cash flow. We will learn how to value perpetuities and will discuss how caution should be exercised in terms of projecting both the growth in long-term cash flows and the riskiness of those cash flows – two key components of the perpetuity formula. Finally, to gain experience with the market multiples approach, we will estimate a value of Google at the time of its initial public offering (IPO) back in 2004 using market data on Yahoo! as a comparable firm.
27 个视频 (总计 310 分钟), 2 个阅读材料, 1 个测验
完成时间为 15 分钟
Course Conclusion
In this module, we say goodbye to the Investments course as key takeaways from the course are reviewed. A tease is also provided to topics
that will be covered in Professor Weisbenner's second course on Investments.


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ACT Research: Mild Recession Scenario Being Considered in Forecasting of NA CV Markets
According to ACT's latest release of the North American Commercial Vehicle OUTLOOK, while ACT Research still believes a soft landing is the US economy's most likely path, the potential for a mild recession is becoming an increasingly compelling alternative.
The N.A. CV OUTLOOK is a robust report that forecasts the future of the industry, looking at the next 1–5 years, with the objective of giving OEMs, Tier 1 and Tier 2 suppliers, and investment firms the information needed to plan accordingly for what is to come. The report provides a complete overview of the North American markets, as well as takes a deep dive into relevant, current market activity to highlight orders, production, and backlogs, shedding light on the forecast. Information included in this report covers forecasts and current market conditions for medium and heavy-duty trucks/tractors, and trailers, the macroeconomies of the US, Canada, and Mexico, publicly-traded carrier information, oil and fuel price impacts, freight and intermodal considerations, and regulatory environment impacts.
According to Kenny Vieth, ACT's President and Senior Analyst, "We find ourselves in a turbulent environment, where still significant positive and increasingly negative economic forces are crashing into one another. With inflationary shocks emanating from Ukraine, the Fed's task of engineering a soft landing has become increasingly challenging." He continued, "We believe downward pressures are building, and the probability of recession continues to grow. We think the probability of a mild recession is now nearly as likely as that of our base-case scenario."
Vieth concluded, "With the current head of steam that includes healthy consumer and business balance sheets, strong employment demand, and pent-up manufacturing sector activity, this inflation driven economic slowdown is on one hand somewhat unique. On the other, traditional recession predictors are in play: Fed rate hikes, high energy prices, negative exogenous events and falling equity valuations come to mind." Vieth noted, "We believe the odds of a recession materializing, in some form or fashion, are essentially 50/50 relative to our slowing topline growth into a modest freight recession base case."
ACT Research is recognized as the leading publisher of commercial vehicle truck, trailer, and bus industry data, market analysis and forecasts for the North America and China markets. ACT's analytical services are used by all major North American truck and trailer manufacturers and their suppliers, as well as banking and investment companies. ACT Research is a contributor to the Blue Chip Economic Indicators and a member of the Wall Street Journal Economic Forecast Panel. ACT Research executives have received peer recognition, including election to the Board of Directors of the National Association for Business Economics, appointment as Consulting Economist to the National Private Truck Council, and the Lawrence R. Klein Award for Blue Chip Economic Indicators' Most Accurate Economic Forecast over a four-year period. ACT Research senior staff members have earned accolades including Chicago Federal Reserve Automotive Outlook Symposium Best Overall Forecast, Wall Street Journal Top Economic Outlook, and USA Today Top 10 Economic Forecasters. More information can be found at www.actresearch.net.
ACT's 67th Seminar is scheduled for August 23–25, 2022. The focus will be the potential impact of decarbonization and autonomous technology on commercial vehicles and on-highway transportation. Each event ACT shares its best-in-class data and forecast in presentations, as well as featuring guest speakers to dive into topics of interest for the benefit of attendees. The agenda includes key industry leaders, who will be announced at a later date. For more information about Seminar 67 Watts Under The Hood: Transportation Transformation, click here: https://www.actresearch.net/seminar-67/.
ACT Research recently completed POWER UP, a look at 7 global regions and more than 20 countries in a review of local regulations, infrastructure, and the impact on the adoption of battery and fuel cell electric commercial vehicles through 2040. This forecast is the first of its kind, a review of the decarbonization of commercial vehicles around the world. POWER UP is available now at https://www.actresearch.net/power-up/.
Additionally, ACT Research published an update to CHARGING FORWARD, a North American-centric battery and fuel cell electric vehicle adoption rate forecast, covering 23 vehicle applications, in Classes 4–8 commercial vehicles, through 2040. CHARGING FORWARD is considered by many industry leaders to be the apex of analysis and economic-based total cost of ownership modeling in the industry. And, it is now available for purchase at https://www.actresearch.net/electric-vehicles-charge/.
For more information about ACT's NA Commercial Vehicle OUTLOOK, click here.
Details about other ACT Research products and services can be found by clicking here.


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- Gold Mine
Contact Person : Telephone : Fax : Email : Website : N/A Address :
Description :
Vision and Mission Gold Mine (錢加樂) is a revolutionary smartphone application developed by Orzgen, an organization run by young entrepreneurs from HKU. Gold Mine's vision and mission are to transform the Android lock screen page into a profitable advertising channel where Orzgen, customer companies and users can capture monetary values at the same time. Alignment of CCMF's Mission - Aiding Young ICT Talents Business innovation does not confine to working adults. Having gained support from professors, programmers, legal consultants, potential clients and users, Orzgen stands out from peers and is ready to tap into the real business market. We sincerely look for extensive financial resources and public exposures from Cyberport to complete the Gold Mine puzzle. Some are innovative. We are unprecedented. "Unlock the screen, read an ad and get your money" are the core competence Gold Mine provides. From now on, users no longer see advertisements as trash, but literally a gold mine. Nonetheless, Android users are not the only beneficiaries of Gold Mine. Imagine a million users spend a second each on unlocking the screen. Customer companies will have hours to market their products. We name this win-win-win circumstance the Free Pizza Model (3PM) which allows Orzgen, customer companies and users to freely share slices of economic pie. Our Golden Formula: "Charge per click - Users' share = Gold Mine's revenue" Orzgen aims to attract 250,000 user clicks in the first year of launch. Charging our clients HKD 2 and sharing HKD 1 (or equivalent) to users for each click, Gold Mine is expected to generate HKD 250,000. In conclusion, Gold Mine positions itself as a first mover in the lock screen advertising application in Hong Kong so that people can establish close links with the "Gold Mining" frenzy and every aspect of life.


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Refreshment Stand Kit
This Refreshment Stand Kit will work in your rural town railroad settings or in your carnival settings. Designed to work with all HO Scale electric trains. Recommended for ages 8 and over (**may require adult supervision)
Atlas # atl715
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- Plastic styrene construction (yellow, green, dark-gray, white).
- Some parts are numbered (refer to instruction/diagram sheet).
Scale: HO
- Atlas Product Number: 715
- Walthers Product Number: 150-715
- Walthers Catalog: 2014 HO, page 481
One Refreshment Stand Kit (Unassembled)
Requirements & Suggestions
- Modeling Knife
- Plastic cement/glue
- Tweezers
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Product Rank
#85 in Model Railroad Buildings
#773 in Model Trains
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Halloween is near! Other than the fun costumes and delicious candies that excite not only kids but kids at heart, Halloween is all about having fun with friends and family.
It's not just about carving pumpkins — there are a lot of fun activities for the whole family. If you are just waiting for the kids in costumes to yell out "Trick or Treat," you're missing out on even more fun.
Halloween Crafts for Kids
Your Halloween can be all treats and no tricks with these quick and easy Halloween crafts. Grab your thinking cap and your crafty hands and recreate these Halloween crafts. Grab the kids and do them together as a family or you can also prep supplies to make these crafts during your Halloween party.
Spider Pencil
If your kids are looking for a spooky yet cute craft, this spider pencil is the perfect craft for you.
What You'll Need:
- Pencil
- Small Styrofoam Ball
- Washi Tape
- Black Paint
- Pipe Cleaners
- Tacky Glue – Quick-Dry
- Pair of Googly Eyes
How To Do It:
- Cover the pencil completely with the washi tape.
- Paint the styrofoam ball with black paint. Allow to dry completely.
- Using tacky glue, attach the googly eyes to the styrofoam ball.
- Cut the pipe cleaners into smaller pieces. These will be the hands of the spider. Stick the arms into the styrofoam ball.
- Insert the pencil into the styrofoam ball.
- You're done!
Halloween Rock Magnets
This Halloween craft is great as a holiday decoration. It is super simple and will give your fridge a little Halloween spirit.
What You'll Need:
- Paint
- Markers
- Smooth Rocks
- Magnets
- Adhesive
- Clear Coat
How To Do It:
- Choose small, flat, smooth rocks. Avoid big, heavy, rough rocks.
- Paint the rocks with your desired design. You can choose pumpkins, Frankenstein, ghosts, black cats; your imagination is your only limit here.
- Once you're done painting the rocks, let them dry completely.
- Use a clear coat over them to make the paint last longer.
- Attach the magnet to the backside of the rock with a strong adhesive.
- Place your magnet on the fridge.
Halloween Slime
Too much candy can be overwhelming to your kids, so share a non-candy treat instead. You can make it in large batches or make it as one-of-a-kind treats. Any kid will enjoy a jar full of Halloween slime.
Supplies for Slime
- 6 ounces of Elmer's Glue
- Food coloring or glitter if you choose clear glue (you can use orange for pumpkin, green for Frankenstein, and a little gray for a ghost)
- 1/2 Teaspoon Baking Soda
- 1/2 Tablespoon Contact Lens Solution
- 2 Tablespoons Water
- Plastic mixing bowl
To Decorate the Jar:
- Jar
- Googly Eyes
- Black Felt
- Glue Gun
How To Make Slime and Decorate the Jar
- Prepare your mixing bowl.
- Pour all the Elmer's Glue into the bowl.
- Add in the food coloring or glitter and mix together until you achieve your desired color.
- Next add the baking soda and mix thoroughly.
- Add in the water and mix again.
- Pour in the contact lens solution and mix until your slime starts to form. If the slime is not forming, add more contact lens solution.
- Once your slime begins to harden, knead it with your hands. If you find the slime too sticky, you can add more contact lens solution.
- For the jar, add googly eyes or black felt for the features of your scary creatures!
- Place the slime into the jar.
Halloween is not all tricks — it should be all treats! These Halloween craft ideas will bring smiles to your kids' faces and leave them wanting more.
More Halloween Craft Ideas
Looking for more spooky fun? Check out these awesome craft ideas that are perfect for Halloween!
- No Carve Mickey Mouse Pumpkin
- Easy Creepy Halloween Cups
- DIY Sugar Skull Pumpkin
- Easy Paper Pumpkin Craft
- DIY Halloween Mason Jar