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The Real Housewives of Potomac
Does the Nemacolin "Fat Bird" Resort have any guests that aren't reality-TV stars? Back on JoJo's season of The Bachelorette, it felt like we were stuck in that Fat Bird resort for 12 weeks, and every five seconds, we were subject to seeing that damn fat bird sitting in front of the hotel. Are there resorts that just exist for reality-TV stars to stay and fight in? I can't imagine staying at a hotel, looking next to me at the pool, and seeing Karen's wig float by. The proposed trip to the Fat Bird resort and the bus ride gave us a good amount of drama, but unfortunately it was between Charisse and Candaice, my least favorite Housewife and someone who had her *squints* glass of Maryland Champagne taken away. My favorite moments in the episode were when everyone kept referring to Charisse as if she were a full member of the cast and talking about how important she is when that bitch got demoted. Are there cameras following her around all week but we're just not seeing any of that footage? She's certainly carrying herself like she's got something interesting brewing.
Then there's Candaice. Oh, Candaice. This bitch just cannot catch a break but she also makes it impossible to catch a break. She talks very loudly and proudly about how her husband has a white penis but then doesn't get it when people are like, "Okay, we get it." She laughs about how her mom pays all her bills but gets uncomfortable when people literally repeat what she said. Candaice, you can't tell everyone that you don't pay for anything and then get pissed when anyone wants to know how you obtain goods and services. If your fiancé, excuse me, susband is willing to live in a house with your mother and not pay rent, it's not a stretch to think he's willing to accept an engagement ring from your mother. We'll get more into the feud between Charisse and Candaice later but first, Karen.
Karen has decided to start a business. I thought she was America's foremost lady-who-lunches. Apparently she needs a little scratch coming in now that her husband might be getting indicted at some point. Karen has a foolproof plan: make a perfume. She's building an empire and the first brick is perfume. Also, she says that now that her daughter is back at school, she has no one to talk to because Ray won't talk to her about his business. She's acting like she's going to be the Beast storming around her castle alone. Even though Ray won't talk to her about his business, she asks for a little money to get her business off the ground. I don't think you wanna get any money from Ray right now, Karen.
Monique, Ashley, Candaice, and Charisse are going to a cryotherapy place because Monique is soooooo busy. For a moment there, I wasn't looking at the screen as I typed and wrote "Monique is soooooo business," and quite frankly, that's more accurate. She lists a bunch of things she's got going on and one of them is "a husband who I still need to please." Monique. Your husband is not a business obligation you have to manage. I've said it before and I'll say it a thousand times: Being a mother is hard. Being a wife is hard. But you complaining that you are so incredibly busy that you can't even keep your head on straight when one of your biggest concerns is you don't have a nanny when you don't work is the worst of looks. You don't have a full-time job because you don't want one so you can be a full-time mother and wife, so like just chill.
After the cryotherapy, the gals all sit down and Charisse keeps grilling Candaice about her finances and Candaice asks if Charisse is unmarried and Charisse leans back and says "I am going through the process of divorce." The conversation ends there, as if Candaice can't tell Charisse off because she's going through a divorce. Then the conversation turns to Ashley and her husband, and Ashley says they're trying to work it out so that's why Ashley has planned a retreat … for the Housewives. Wait … what? Meanwhile, Gizelle tries to call Sherman but he's acting weird. I really want this relationship to work out. This is something I genuinely care about.
Michael and Ashley are going on a bike ride and they decide that a park is the best place to have a deep painful conversation about Ashley's mother. How many times are we going to have this same conversation, and is it ever going to be acknowledged that Michael is basically issuing an ultimatum to his wife? There is certainly something to say for establishing boundaries and setting limits, but an ultimatum, dawg? My mom always told me, "Only issue an ultimatum if you're willing and ready to go." It's almost like a marriage where the husband has already issued other ultimatums, and held progress in their relationship hostage, isn't going to last. Who knew?
The young Housewives go on a little shopping trip where they all decide that Candaice should confront some of the older ladies, and this can only end well. After their shopping trip, Ashley and Monique head to lunch where Monique drinks somewhere between two and four Martinis and drives home. Then she falls asleep at the wheel and crashes into a tree. And that's the story we're going with. Okay, sure. Monique says that she's been doing a lot of charity events and getting to bed late and waking up early and SHE DOESN'T HAVE A NANNY so she committed a light DUI.
Ashley arrives at Monique's house the next day in a party bus to take them to the Fat Bird resort and has a Corona in her hand. Great thing to show up to your friend's house who committed a casual DUI with. Once everyone arrives, they head out and immediately start tearing into the younger ladies. Ashley is telling a story about how she used to stay in a trailer with her family in the summers, and Gizelle says, "Your fondest memory is staying in a trailer park?" SHADE.
Then, somehow, Monique brings up Charisse making fun of Candaice, and Candaice says that Charisse was having a "shady bitch moment." Then she wants to act dumb when Charisse asks, "Did you call me a bitch?" Ashley starts cracking up because Monique wanted Candaice to go after Gizelle instead of her best friend, Charisse. Monique does her best to break up the fight, but it turns into Charisse and Candaice shouting "Little girl!" and "Geriatric granny!" at each other. Monique can't do much to stop the fight because she just drank an entire bottle of wine by herself. Uh-oh. They all arrive at the resort and head to the house. On their way there, Ashley pees in the woods.
It's time for lunch and Ashley has upped the luxury level on this trip so the lunch is pretty cute, but before anyone can enjoy, demands for apologies start flying around.
Gizelle says that Charisse is central to the group and there should be an apology.
Ashley says that Candaice doesn't need to apologize because Charisse is known for her shade and Candaice needs to stand up for herself. AGAIN! Candaice has made this problem for herself by making her finances and the color of her susband's penis everyone's business. She throws a little shade of her own back at Gizelle and Charisse by saying that they're both kept so they got a lot of nerve talking about her money. Somehow, being kept by your mother is being kept by a man?
Either way, Ashley might be regretting this trip to the Fat Bird resort.


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Ways You Can Cover Different Sized Windows In The Same Room In Minneapolis
Most rooms have ordinary rectangular windows that make it straightforward to get identical window treatments. But once in a while a space has various shaped or sized windows that make searching for window treatments harder. If you need to cover different sized windows in the same room in Minneapolis, you can use the same style, neutral colors, and layering to create consistency. Or use different treatments to break up an area or to emphasize an exceptional window.
Cover Different Sized Minneapolis Windows In The Same Room With Identical Window Treatments
The best method to give a space's different-sized windows a harmonious appearance is to use the same style of window treatment on them. This design trick takes the focus off of their varying sizes and creates symmetry in the room. To do it right, use custom-made window treatments in a style that works for all window sizes and shapes, such as plantation shutters.
Plantation shutters have panels with a row of louvers made of hardwood or faux wood. In contrast to shades and blinds, you can have shutters custom-fitted for any window shape and still open and close them. Both real wood shutters and faux wood Polywood® shutters are durable enough to use in most rooms of your Minneapolis home.
Help Ill-matched Windows Not Stick Out With Neutral Colored Treatments
Neutral-colored window treatments look better when you cover different sized/shaped windows in the same room in Minneapolis. Neutrals like browns, white, or beige are calming and help create equilibrium between unbalanced features. Neutral colored window treatments let windows fade into your interior design so that their conflicting sizes don't stick out so much.
Soft palettes present a lot of versatility. You can use beige or white roller shades for a minimalist look. Or give a bit of refinement to a formal room with gray or ivory Roman shades. And plantation shutters in a white or natural wood shade match any type of decor.
Camouflage Varying Sized Windows With Layered Window Treatments
You may also cover different sized windows in the same room with layered window treatments to hide their irregularities. If a room's window sizes aren't very different, install curtains at the same height for each of them to make it appear that your windows are the same.
Then layer the curtains on top of textured woven fiber shades or interior shutters to give depth to your windows and distract from their mismatched sizes.
Accentuate Windows Or Break Up A Room By Mixing Window Treatments
You might find situations when you don't want uniform window treatments. If you have an open floor plan, you can use different window treatments to designate specific areas. You might use interior shutters to keep out light where you watch television and graceful Roman shades across the room next to the dining table.
You may also want to highlight an unusual window, like a bow or a bay window, with patterned shades that work with single-colored shades in the remaining space. Or use custom-fitted shutters for a round window that you don't want to hide behind a blind or shade like you put on rectangle windows.
Find Window Covers For Every Window From Sunburst Shutters
No matter how you choose to cover your Minneapolis different sized windows, find the perfect look with custom-made window treatments by Sunburst Shutters Minneapolis. We help you find the products you desire and professionally put them up for you. To get started, give us a call at 952-856-8130 or fill out the form below to schedule an in-home consultation free of charge.

subset: commoncrawl


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Boston Emissions: October 30, 2018
Boston Emissions | October 30, 2018
Listen here. Send music. Send shows for local listings. All new songs added to the show each week will appear on the Songs of the Week poll at the bottom of this playlist.
Boston Emissions Songs of the Week
5] Watts – Queens
4] Radio Compass – Going Gone
3] Fidel – Therapy
2] Forktie – Anywhere But Here
1] Mister Vertigo – The Official Ironmen Rally Song
Bleu – I Won't Go Hollywood – he did, but it went alright.
He's a new dad. Congrats to the McAuleys!
Salem Wolves – Shake
-Thurs Dec 20 at ONCE Somerville with HAIL SANTA!, When Particles Collide
Spectacular Gift Drive for DCF Wonderfund
Cruel Miracle – What You Need
Justine and the Unclean – This System Is Set To Self Destruct
-Nov 16 at Sally O'Brien's Somerville
Stars Like Ours – Everyday
-Nov 16 at O'Briens Allston with The Melatonins, Ringtail, Officer
Back Seat Redemption – Crime Pays
– Jan 11, 19 Midway Cafe with Above The Din
The Organ Beats – Sleep When We Are Dead
Luxury Deathtrip – Sinking Ship
-Fri, Dec 21 at Ralph's Rock Diner, Worcester with Swivel, Forktie, Phenomenal Sun.
Dots On Dice – Modern Lover (of the Highest Order)
The Royal Me – David Lee Back Door Roth
blindspot – I Won't Let Your Heart Break
-Sat, Nov 3 at Uncharted Lowell with Phil Cambra & the Space Cadets, Sons Lunaris, Slow Loris
Powerslut – Hot Tub Wingman
-11/8 at Sally O'Brien's with Johnny Blazes and the Pretty Boys and Emperor Norton's Stationary Marching Band
Classic Number: Robin Lane and the Chartbusters – When Things Go Wrong from the DIY Mass Ave the Boston Scene 1975-1983 compilation
Kingdom of Love – Two Souls
Crooked Horse – Maybe
-Sun, Nov 4 at Atwood's Tavern – matinee, 4PM-6PM


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REVOLUTION Dual Pack Backpack
The REVOLUTIOND Dual Pack is more than just a disc golf backpack. it is designeDetails
The Voyager V2 backpack bag is MVP's second iteration of the famous Voyager bag. It is a high quality and comfortable bag paired with an excellent price tag. Plus, the Voyager is covered under the standard MVP Bag Warranty.
It fits about 20 discs and has plenty of room for accessories. It boasts tip-resistant feet and comfortable back and shoulder padding.
The Voyager V2 was built with customization in mind. The smart design allows for different configurations. The upper compartment and putter pocket flap can form three different closure options- fully open, half open, or closed. Two D-Rings are built in for towels and bag tags.
The Voyager V2 has been upgraded to Cordura 1000D material, making the bag 25% lighter. It is a very professional looking bag and boasts everything you need to be prepared to crush it on the course!
- Heavy duty padded back and straps for support
- Holds about 20 discs on average
- Main compartments holds 18
- Putter pocket holds 2
- Large storage in upper compartment
- 3 upper and putter pocket configurations
- 2 size zipper pockets
- Strap to hold umbrella or stool
- 2 small and 2 large drink holders
- Mini pocket holds large/multiple minis
- Zippered scorecard pocket
- Golf pencil slot
- Heavy duty stabilizing feet
- Very resistant to tipping
- A professional disc golf bag!
Our Price:


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If you want to mix drinks for a living, don't expect to have a typical family life.
That was the conclusion of a study by Tulane University sociologists Emily Starr and Alicia McCraw, who interviewed 40 New Orleans area bartenders for their study, "Barkeeps and Barmaids on the White Picket Fence: Bartenders, Gender, and Performative Adulthood," which they will present at the 111th Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association (ASA).
The study examines the relationship between bartenders and their perceptions of successful adulthood through access to romantic relationships and parenthood. It finds that bartenders perceive their lack of legitimate work to be the main barrier in achieving such normalcy.
"It's about how bartenders in the New Orleans area feel that their jobs preclude them from achieving the 'normal' benchmarks of adult life like long-term intimate relationships and family life," said Starr, an adjunct professor who herself works as a bartender while completing her doctoral work in sociology at Tulane. "Because bartenders feel like their jobs are not legitimate, they perceive that the other dimensions of normative adult life are not attainable or even desirable."
Participants in the study have worked as bartenders since 2013. They range in age from 23 to 48 and represent a variety of establishments from neighborhood bars and beer gardens to fine dining restaurants and music clubs. Most were white, with the rest being black, Latino, Asian, and bi-racial.
Much of the study deals with the hardships of working in the bartending field, which offers little job security, low wages, and few, if any, benefits such as health insurance or a retirement plan.
Starr said she was motivated to conduct the study because of the massive disconnect between her two lives — one as bartender, the other as doctoral candidate/adjunct professor. "This got me thinking about how work and occupational roles are incredibly tied up in our sense of self, our identities, and the ways in which we situate ourselves as social agents," she said.


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Date uploaded: November 2, 2014
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Notebooks, 1932-69
|Dirksen, Everett McKinley (1896-1969),
Notebooks, 1932-69
4 Linear Shelf Feet
236 folders
The Notebooks, numbering over 12,500 pages, contain outlines and texts of remarks, reference materials, and other documents collected by Dirksen and kept in a set of personal notebooks. According to his staff and family, Dirksen referred to these records frequently in composing speeches, preparing radio and television programs for constituents, and developing his thinking on issues.
For the most part, the Notebooks consist of speech outlines of varying detail. Many are preliminary drafts of remarks that may be found in more complete form in the Remarks and Releases file. There are numberous remarks, however, that have been preserved only in the Notebook series, particularly those prepared before 1952.
Topic coverage varies widely from campaigns and politics to legislation and foreign policy. Notebook Sixteen, for example, contains Dirksen's trip diary documenting impressions gained during his 1945 world trip.
The Notebooks are arranged in two major divisions. The Notebook Documents section (f. 1-25) contains material that was filed with the Notebooks but not actually stored in ring binders. Much of this information was completely unsorted, and the processing staff arranged it in chronological order.
The numbered Notebook series (f . 26-236) comprises the bulk of the record group. Apparently, Dirksen did not keep the notebooks in a particular order, nor were the individual contents organized in a systematic fashion. Processors arranged the notebooks in chronological order by the earliest date in a notebook and assigned each an arbitrary number to distinquish it from the others. In order to preserve the notebooks as Dirksen collected and used them, the contents were not rearranged despite the lack of organization. A detailed finding aid listing each item in every notebook attempts to compensate for this weakness in organization.
The Notebooks provide a unique opportunity to explore Dirksen's thoughts and actions. Of all the collection's record groups, this series is most directly Dirksen's own creation. The early documents also compensate partially for the loss of Dirksen's House of Representatives records in 1949.
Index to the two major divisions of the Notebook documents:
Section (f. 1-25) - material that was filed with the Notebooks but not actually stored in ring binders
f. 1-4: Notebook Documents (no date), 177 pages
f. 5-8: Notebook Documents (1932-50), 170 pages
f. 5-8 continued: Notebook Documents (1932-50), 170 pages
f. 9-12: Notebook Documents (1951-55), 191 pages
f. 9-12 continued: Notebook Documents (1951-55), 191 pages
f. 13-15: Notebook Documents (1956-59), 171 pages
f. 13-15 continued: Notebook Documents (1956-59), 171 pages
f. 16-18: Notebook Documents (1960-62), 155 pages
f. 16-18 continued: Notebook Documents (1960-62), 155 pages
f. 19-25: Notebook Documents (1963-69), 260 pages
f. 19-25 continued: Notebook Documents (1963-69), 260 pages
f. 25a - 25b: Notebook Documents, "A Senator's Notebook" (1968-69), 73 pages
Section f. 26-236 - the numbered series comprised of the record group
f. 26: Notebook One (no date), 97 pages
f. 26a: Notebook One-A (1937-39), 447 pages
f. 26a continued: Notebook One-A (1937-39), 447 pages
f. 26b: Notebook One-B (1937-41), 377 pages
f. 26b continued: Notebook One-B (1937-41), 377 pages
f. 27-30: Notebook Two (1939-41), 237 pages
f. 31-33: Notebook Three (1940-42), 212 pages
f. 34-35: Notebook Four (1940-51), 137 pages
f. 36-39: Notebook Five (1941, 1945), 192 pages
f. 40-42: Notebook Six (1941-49), 106 pages
f. 43-45: Notebook Seven (1942-43), 190 pages
f. 46-47: Notebook Eight (1942-43), 145 pages
f. 48-50: Notebook Nine (1943-44), 186 pages
f. 51-54: Notebook Ten (1943-44), 234 pages
f. 51-54 continued: Notebook Ten (1943-44), 234 pages
f. 55: Notebook Eleven (1943-44), 43 pages
f. 56-58: Notebook Twelve (1943-45), 153 pages
f. 56-58 continued: Notebook Twelve (1943-45), 153 pages
f. 59-61: Notebook Thirteen (1943, 1946), 138 pages
f. 62-63: Notebook Fourteen (1943-48), 122 pages
f. 64-65: Notebook Fifteen (1944-46), 71 pages
f. 66-69: Notebook Sixteen (1945), 258 pages
f. 70-71: Notebook Seventeen (1945), 83 pages
f. 72: Notebook Eighteen (1945), 75 pages
f. 73: Notebook Nineteen (1945), 48 pages
f. 74-75: Notebook Twenty (1945-46), 116 pages
f. 76: Notebook Twenty-One (1945-48), 55 pages
f. 77-78: Notebook Twenty-Two (ca. 1946-47), 151 pages
f. 79-80: Notebook Twenty-Three (1946-47), 106 pages
f. 81-82: Notebook Twenty-Four (1946-47), 86 pages
f. 83-86: Notebook Twenty-Five (1947), 162 pages
f. 87-89: Notebook Twenty-Six (1947), 160 pages
f. 90-91: Notebook Twenty-Seven (1947), 72 pages
f. 92-93: Notebook Twenty-Eight (1947-48), 64 pages
f. 94: Notebook Twenty-Nine (1947-49), 49 pages
f. 94a-94d: Notebook Twenty-Nine- A (1948-51), 152 pages
f. 95-100: Notebook Thirty (1949-51), 283 pages
f. 95-100 continued: Notebook Thirty (1949-51), 283 pages
f. 95-100 continued: Notebook Thirty (1949-51), 283 pages
f. 101-106: Notebook Thirty-One (1949-51), 335 pages
f. 101-106 continued: Notebook Thirty-One (1949-51), 335 pages
f. 107-111: Notebook Thirty-Two (1949-52), 244 pages
f. 107-111 continued: Notebook Thirty-Two (1949-52), 244 pages
f. 112-119: Notebook Thirty-Three (1949-52), 370 pages
f. 112-119 continued: Notebook Thirty-Three (1949-52), 370 pages
f. 120-125: Notebook Thirty-Four (1949-52), 387 pages
f. 120-125 continued: Notebook Thirty-Four (1949-52), 387 pages
f. 120-125 continued: Notebook Thirty-Four (1949-52), 387 pages
f. 126-130: Notebook Thirty-Five (1949-56), 343 pages
f. 126-130 continued: Notebook Thirty-Five (1949-56), 343 pages
f. 126-130 continued: Notebook Thirty-Five (1949-56), 343 pages
f. 131-136: Notebook Thirty-Six (1949-56), 256 pages
f. 131-136 continued: Notebook Thirty-Six (1949-56), 256 pages
f. 137-143: Notebook Thirty-Seven (1949-58), 330 pages
f. 137-143 continued: Notebook Thirty-Seven (1949-58), 330 pages
f. 144-147: Notebook Thirty-Eight (1949-62), 175 pages
f. 144-147 continued: Notebook Thirty-Eight (1949-62), 175 pages
f. 148-151: Notebook Thirty-Nine (1949-62), 171 pages
f. 148-151 continued: Notebook Thirty-Nine (1949-62), 171 pages
f. 152-156: Notebook Forty (1950-59), 208 pages
f. 157-161: Notebook Forty-One (1950-62), 241 pages
f. 157-161 continued: Notebook Forty-One (1950-62), 241 pages
f. 162-166: Notebook Forty-Two (1950-65), 199 pages
f. 162-166 continued: Notebook Forty-Two (1950-65), 199 pages
f. 167-170: Notebook Forty-Three (1950-63), 163 pages
f. 171-177: Notebook Forty-Four (1952-61), 335 pages
f. 171-177 continued: Notebook Forty-Four (1952-61), 335 pages
f. 171-177 continued: Notebook Forty-Four (1952-61), 335 pages
f. 178-180: Notebook Forty-Five (1952-62), 129 pages
f. 181-184: Notebook Forty-Six (1953-56), 273 pages
f. 181-184 continued: Notebook Forty-Six (1953-56), 273 pages
f. 185-187: Notebook Forty-Seven (1958-59), 127 pages
f. 188-190: Notebook Forty-Eight (1961-62), 74 pages
f. 191-193: Notebook Forty-Nine (1961-64), 166 pages
f. 194-197: Notebook Fifty (1961-67), 183 pages
f. 194-197 continued: Notebook Fifty (1961-67), 183 pages
f. 198-201: Notebook Fifty-One (1962-66), 175 pages
f. 198-201 continued: Notebook Fifty-One (1962-66), 175 pages
f. 202-204: Notebook Fifty-Two (1963-64), 120 pages
f. 205-207: Notebook Fifty-Three (1964-65), 165 pages
f. 205-207 continued: Notebook Fifty-Three (1964-65), 165 pages
f. 208-210: Notebook Fifty-Four (1965), 120 pages
f. 211-213: Notebook Fifty-Five (1965-66), 126 pages
f. 214-216: Notebook Fifty-Six (1965-67), 95 pages
f. 214-216 continued: Notebook Fifty-Six (1965-67), 95 pages
f. 217-220: Notebook Fifty-Seven (1965-68), 229 pages
f. 217-220 continued: Notebook Fifty-Seven (1965-68), 229 pages
f. 221-225: Notebook Fifty-Eight (1965-68), 148 pages
f. 226-229: Notebook Fifty-Nine (1965-69), 181 pages
f. 230-232: Notebook Sixty (ca. 1968), 126 pages
f. 233-236: Notebook Sixty-One (1968-69), 164 pages
Collection Guide
The Everett McKinley Dirksen Collection consists of five major groups of material: reference volumes, still photographs, audiovisual items, memorabilia, and papers. Each group is described individually in finding aids housed at The Center. Arrangement varies according to type of record.
The Dirksen Papers, the largest of the five divisions, consist predominately of files accumulated during Everett Dirksen's years as a U.S. Senator, 1951-69. Several smaller additions to the main collection include material spanning other years of Dirksen's life.
Major file groups encompass campaigns and politics, public works, legislation, constituent correspondence and casework, patronage, congressional leadership activities, remarks and releases, and clippings. Each of these sections, and smaller ones as well, are described in more detail in The Center's finding aids.
List of Collection Series
Appointment/Guestbooks, 1951-70
4.0 linear shelf feet
Office and personal appointment books and office guest sign-in books.
Chicago Office File, 1880-1972
99.0 linear shelf feet
Constituent casework, Illinois patronage, inter-office memoranda, and, notably, political and campaign files for Dirksen's four Senate campaigns and his other political activities. Includes personal files of the office's director, Harold E. Rainville.
Clippings File, 1930-70
7 linear shelf feet
Dirksen Information file, 1933-present
1 linear shelf foot
Created by Center staff, this file contains copies of articles about Dirksen, the Congressional Record index to his remarks, the New York Times Index of references to him, and the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature citations to Dirksen. For more information about Dirksen, click here for an online version of the bibliographical essay that appears in his memoir, The Education of a Senator.
Dirksen, Louella Carver, 1933-76
2 linear shelf feet
Information regarding Mrs.Dirksen's participation in various service and political organizations, letters of condolence upon Senator Dirksen's death, notes and drafts for The Honorable Mr. Marigold.
Films, 1951-69
681 films
Bulk of films are Your Senator Reports, Dirksen's weekly television broadcast. Also documentaries and miscellany. Selected films have been converted to videotape.
Financial Records, 1928-62
2.5 linear shelf feet
Bank statements, canceled checks, invoices, and ledger pages for the most part dealing with political campaigns.
Form Letters, 1951-69
In order to reply to constituents, the Dirksen office created a library of responses arranged alphabetically by subject within each year. Having these online will give viewers a quick snapshot of the legislative workload and, in a sense, Dirksen's style of representation and constituent service. The folder numbers in the list below designate the folders of the Chicago Office File in which the originals are located.
Legislative File, 1933-70
24 linear shelf feet
Copies of bills introduced, co-sponsored, or amended by Dirksen and his voting records.
Memorabilia, 1918-74
ca. 1,500 items
Newsletters: Congressional Front, 1933-46
From his first week in office in the House of Representatives through 1946, Congressman Everett Dirksen personally composed and typed weekly newsletters (while Congress was in session) to his constituents in central Illinois. Congressional Front, as it was called, covered the personalities, politics, and policies of Congress and the federal government.
Notebooks, 1932-69
4 linear shelf feet
More than 12,500 pages of outlines and texts, reference materials, and other documents collected by Dirksen and kept in a set of personal notebooks.
Pamphlets and Periodicals, 1916-69
1 linear shelf foot
Patronage, 1939-70 RESTRICTED
4.5 linear shelf feet
Material related to applicants for federal jobs and judicial appointments. Closed to research.
Personal, 1864-1969
2 linear shelf feet
Scattered correspondence and information about Dirksen's medical condition, memoir, and recordings.
Photographs, ca. 1860-1975
10 linear shelf feet
Politics, 1928-69
11 linear shelf feet
Correspondence and material related to Dirksen's campaigns and political activities, including his participation in Republican National Conventions.
Public Works File, 1931-70
55.5 linear shelf feet
The record of federally-funded projects (community projects, depressed areas, highways, and rivers and harbors) in Illinois and Dirksen's involvement in them.
Remarks and Releases, 1941-69
6.0 linear shelf feet
Drafts and transcripts of speeches; selected remarks in Congress (The Center does not have copies of the Congressional Record featuring Dirksen speeches on the floor), interviews of radio and television; Republican leadership press releases; weekly constituent newsletters; transcripts of Your Senator Reports; and, Dirksen's newspaper column. Unfortunately, Dirksen rarely composed his remarks in advance; in many cases no record of them survives.
Republican Leadership File, 1916-69
4.0 linear shelf feet
The Joint Senate-House Republican Leadership Minutes and Statements section documents the meetings of Republican congressional leaders, 1961-68. A second section pertains to the National Republican Senatorial Committee, 1949-59, which Dirksen chaired, 1952-54.
Joint Senate-House Republican Leadership Minutes, 1961-68
The minutes of the Republican leadership during the presidential administrations of John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson. In their original state, each session's minutes generally include attendance, brief summaries of topics discussed, and background "fact sheets" for statements at press conferences following the meetings. The digitized document presented here include only the formal minutes. The press conferences following the leadership meetings achieved fame as the "Ev and Charlie" and "Ev and Jerry" shows. For audio samples and curricular materials associated with a small sample of these minutes, please visit "The 1960s: A Multi-Media View from Capitol Hill" http://www.dirksencenter.org/emd_audio/index.htm.
Working Papers, 1857-1969
41 linear shelf feet
Topically arranged reference file for legislation, selected constituent cases, speeches, and other matters. The bulk contains information concerning legislation between 1964 and 1969. Topics receiving relatively substantial attention include civil rights, foreign trade, Internal Revenue Code amendments, attempts to repeal Section 14(b) of the Taft-Hartley Act, Dirksen's prayer amendment and reapportionment amendment, and the activities of the Trading With the Enemy Act subcommittee.


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Christendom and the West: Essays on Culture, Society and History
From Christendom to Americanism and Beyond: The Long Jagged Trail to a Postmodern Void
An Economics of Justice and Charity: Catholic Social Teaching, Its Development and Contemporary Relevance
The Glory of the Cosmos: A Catholic Approach to the Natural World, edited by Thomas Storck. Arouca Press, 2020.
Theology: Mythos or Logos? A Dialogue on Faith, Reason and History (with John Médaille). Angelico Press, 2020.
Seeing the World with Catholic Eyes: A Conversation with Thomas Storck. Arouca Press, 2021.
Liberalism: A Critique of Its Basic Principles and Various Forms
By Louis Cardinal Billot, S.J.
Revised Translation & Introduction by Thomas Storck


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Page Industries Limited located in Bangalore, India is the exclusive licensee of JOCKEY International Inc. (USA) for manufacture, distribution and marketing of the JOCKEY® brand in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, UAE, Oman and Qatar. Page Industries is also the exclusive licensee of Speedo International Ltd. for the manufacture, marketing and distribution of the Speedo brand in India. The Company was set up in 1994 with the key objective of bringing the world renowned brand "JOCKEY®" to India. Its promoters are the Genomal family, who have been associated with JOCKEY International Inc. for 50 years as their sole licensee in the Philippines. Page Industries became a public company in March 2007 and is quoted in the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India.
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Archive for March 2015
Jesus Christ: The Last Adam and Live-Giver
"But now Christ is risen from the dead, and has become the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep. For since by man came death, by Man also came the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ all shall be made alive … And so it is written,…Read More
Twelve Stones of Remembrance
Recently, another counselee 'crossed the Jordan River'. It was evident that identification with Christ had gone from head to heart. Hallelujah! I prepared this 12 Stones list for him as a reminder of the rest of the Gospel. In the book of Joshua, the Lord miraculously parted the Jordan River (as He had parted the…Read More


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The studio shots and core information on the 2010 Lamborghini Sesto Elemento Concept have only been out for a few hours but already we have the first live shots of the show car, where it was revealed at a special 2010 Paris Auto Show pre-event. After all, there's only so much one can glean about the presence of a car from the doctored press shots released earlier today. So how does it look in real life?
Turns out, much better than expected. Up close, the intricate details of the concept's carbon fiber shell can clearly be seen, and the aggressive stance, caused mostly by the mega-wide wheel and tire combo, really gets the blood boiling.
During its unveiling Lamborghini was quick to point out that it was an experimental car and that no production was planned, however, we wouldn't be surprised to see some of the concept's lines feature on future models like the upcoming 'Jota' Murcielago replacement. For more details, check out our full report on the Sesto Elemento Concept by clicking here, and stay tuned for even more shots once the 2010 Paris Auto Show kicks off tomorrow.
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BEIJING: China's economy weakened to its slowest pace in three decades in 2019 as weaker domestic demand and trade tensions with the United States took their toll, official data showed Friday. The world's second-largest economy grew by 6.1 per cent last year, its worst performance since 1990, according to the National Bureau of Statistics.
The figure matches an AFP analyst forecast and is within Beijing's official target of 6.0-6.5 per cent. But last year's growth was down from 6.6 per cent in 2018. While China's economy had been gradually losing steam over the first three quarters, growth stabilised at 6 per cent in the last three months of 2019 — the same pace as in the third quarter, according to the NBS.
Ning Jizhe, commissioner of China's National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), said China's economy generally sustained a stable momentum of growth in 2019. "However, we should also be aware that the global economic and trade growth is slowing down," he said at a news conference.
He added that there were more sources of instability and risk, with the economy facing "mounting downward pressure". AFP


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Economics of R.C.C. Water tank Resting over Firm Ground vis-a-vis Pre-stressed Concrete Water Tank Resting over Firm Ground
Prof A. R. Mundhada
Water tanks are used to store water and are designed as crack free structures, to eliminate any leakage. In this paper design of two types of circular water tank resting on ground is presented. Both reinforced concrete (RC) and prestressed concrete (PSC) alternatives are considered in the design and are compared considering the total cost of the tank. These water tank are subjected to the same type of capacity and dimensions. As an objective function with the properties of tank that are tank capacity, width &length etc.
A computer program has been developed for solving numerical examples using the Indian std. Indian Standard Code 456-2000, IS-3370-I,II,III,IV & IS 1343-1980. The paper gives idea for safe design with minimum cost of the tank and give the designer the relationship curve between design variable thus design of tank can be more economical ,reliable and simple. The paper helps in understanding the design philosophy for the safe and economical design of water tank.
Rigid based water tank, RCC water tank, Prestressed Concrete, design, details, minimum total cost, tank capacity
Storage reservoirs and over head tanks are used to store water, liquid petroleum, petroleum products and similar liquids. The force analysis of the reservoirs or tanks is about the same irrespective of the chemical nature of the product. In general there are three kinds of water tanks-tanks resting on ground Underground tanks and elevated tanks. Here we are studying only the tanks resting on ground like clear water reservoirs, settling tanks, aeration tanks etc. are supported on ground directly. The wall of these tanks are subjected to pressure and the base is subjected to weight of Water.
In this paper, both types of reinforced concrete and prestesses concrete water tanks resting on ground monolithic with the base Are design and their results compared. These tanks are subjected to Same capacity and dimensions. Also a computer program has been developed for solving numerical examples using IS Code 456-200IS-1343-1984,IS 3370-Part I,II,III,IV 1965 & IS Code 1343-1980. From the analysis it is conclude that for tank having larger capacity (greater than 10 lakh liter) prestesses concrete water tank is economical.
• To make the study about the analysis and design of water tank.
• To make the guidelines for the design of liquid retaining structure According to IS code.
• To know about design philosophy for safe design of water tank.
• To develop program for water tank to avoid tedious calculations.
• To know economical design of water
• This report is to provide guidance in the design and construction of circular priestesses concrete using tendons
Previous Research
From the review of earlier investigations it is found that considerable work has been done on the method of analysis and design of water tanks.
Tanetal. [1]:- (1993) presented the minimum cost design of reinforced concrete cylindrical water tanks based on the British Code for water tanks, using a direct search method and the (SUMT). The cost function included the material costs of concrete and steel only. The tank wall thickness was idealized with piecewise linear slopes with the maximum thickness at the base.
Thakkar and Sridhar Rao [2] (1974), discussed cost optimization of non cylindrical composite type prestressed concrete pipes based on the Indian code.
Al-Badri [3] (2005) presented cost optimization of reinforced concrete circular grain silo based on the ACI Code (2002). He proved that the minimum cost of the silo increases with increasing of the angle of internal friction between stored materials, the coefficient of friction between stored materials and concrete, and the number of columns supporting hopper . Al-Badri (2006) presented the minimum cost design of reinforced concrete corbels based on AC I Code (2002). The cost function included the material costs of concrete, formwork and steel reinforcement. He proved that the minimum total cost of the corbel increases with the increase of the shear span, and decreases with the increase of the friction factor for monolithic construction.
Hassan Jasim Mohammed [4] studied the economical design of concrete water Tanks by optimization method. He applied the optimization technique to the structural design of concrete rectangular and circular water tank, considering the total cost of the tank as an objective function with the properties of the tank viz. tank capacity, width and length of the tank, unit weight of water and tank floor slab thickness as design variables. From the study he concluded that an increased tank capacity leads to increased minimum total cost of the rectangular tank but decreased minimum total cost for the circular tank. The tank floor slab thickness constitutes the minimum total cost for two types of tanks. The minimum cost is more sensitive to changes in tank capacity and floor slab thickness of rectangular tank but in circular type is more sensitive to change in all variables. Increased tank capacity leads to increase in minimum total cost. Increase in water depth in circular tank leads to increase in minimum total cost.
Abdul-Aziz & A. Rashed [5] rationalized the design procedure for reinforced and prestressed concrete tanks so that an applicable Canadian design standard could be developed. The study investigates the concept of partial prestressing in liquid containing structures. The paper also includes experimental and analytical phases of total of eight full scale specimens, representing segments from typical tank walls, subjected to load and leakage tests. In analytical study a computer model that can predict the response of tank wall segments is described and calibrated against the test results. The proposed design procedure addresses the leakage limit state directly. It is applicable for fully prestressed, fully reinforced and partially prestressed concrete water tanks. The conclusions that are drawn are as follows:-
• A design method based on limiting the steel stress, does not produce consistent crack or compression zone depths under the application of prestressing nor under a combination of axial load and moment.
• A design method based on providing a residual compressive stress in concrete dose not utilizes non-prestressed reinforcement effectively.
• Relaxing the residual compressive stress requirement permits a more efficient design. The stresses in non-prestresssed steel are higher, but remain below yield under service load. Therefore, less reinforcement is required.
• Load eccentricity significantly affects the behavior of the prestressed concrete sections. The behavior with a small load eccentricity, less than about half the thickness, the section may be treated as a flexure member.
• The ratio of non prestressed steel to prestressed steel in partially prestressed concrete section has a significant effect on the member serviceability and strength. Choosing the ratio such that both non-prestress and prestressed steel reach their strength simultaneously utilizes both types of steel at the ultimate limit state effectively.
• Increasing the wall thickness is very effective in increasing the capacity of the section and improving its serviceability by increasing the compression zone depth and reducing the deformations.
Chetan Kumar Gautam [6] Highlights the point named "Comparison of Circular Reinforced Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Underground Shelter". In his paper, design of two types of large circular underground shelters is presented. The shelters are made of precast concrete sections. Both RC and PSC alternatives are considered in the design and compared. The shelters are subjected to same type of external loadings and support conditions. The study conclude that the feasibility of using the vertical casting process of making the modules of shelters as it is suitable for manufacturing of large diameter pipes. He also suggested that the incorporation of fibers, specially steel fibers improves a host of properties of concrete, including its crack resistance, flexural strength, ductility, etc. Thus, the possibility of incorporating fibers in concrete shelter may be explored.
For R.C.C. water tank
For Prestresed Concrete water tank
For R.C.C Structure
Permissible stresses in concrete
• For resistance to cracking:-
Design of liquid retaining structure is different from R.C.C. structures. As it requires that concrete should not crack and hence tensile stresses in concrete should be within permissible limit.(i.e. TYPE-I structure).A reinforced concrete member of liquid retaining structure is design on the usual principle ignoring tensile resistance of concrete in bending. accordingly it should be ensure that tensile stresses on the liquid retaining face of the equivalent concrete section dose not exceed the permissible tensile strength of concrete as given in table1.
Grade of concrete
Permissible stress
Direct Tension(?ct)(N/mm^2)
Tension due to Bending(?cbt) (N/mm^2)
Table 1(Permissible Compressive Stresses In Calculations Relating To Resistance To Cracking)
• For strength calculation
In strength calculations the permissible Concrete stresses shall be in accordance with Table1. Where the calculated shear stress in concrete a lone exceeds the permissible value, reinforcement acting in conjunction with diagonal compression in the concrete shall be provided to take the whole of the shear.
Permissible Stresses In Steel
• For resistance to cracking.
When steel and concrete are assumed to act together for checking the tensile stress in concrete for avoidance of crack, the tensile stress in steel as in table 2will be limited by the requirement that the permissible tensile stress in the concrete is not exceeded so the tensile stress in steel shall be equal to the product of modular ratio of steel and concrete, and the corresponding allowable tensile stress in concrete.
• For strength calculations
In strength calculations the permissible stress shall be as given in table 2.
PERMISSIBLE STRESSES IN N/mm2
Plain round mild steel bars
High yield strength deformed bars(HYSD)
1)Tensile stresses in the members under direct tension(?s)
2) Tensile stress in members in bending(?st)
On liquid retaining face of members
On face of away from liquid for members less than 225mm
On face away from liquid for members 225mm or more in thickness
3) Tensile stresses in shear reinforcement(?sv)
For members less than225mm in thickness
For members 225mm or more in thickness
Table 2 (Permissible Stresses In Steel Reinforcement For Strength Calculation)
Design Requirement
Generally M30 grade of concrete should be used Design Mix (1:1*1/2:3)Steel reinforcement should not less than0.3% of the gross section shall be provided in each direction Floors:-floor may be constructed of concrete with nominal % of reinforcement smaller than provided in table 1.they are cast in panels with sides not more than 45m and with contraction or expansion joints in between..In such cases a screed or concrete layer(M10) not less than 75mm thick shall placed first on the ground and covered with a sliding layer of bitumen paper to destroy the bond between the screed and the floor.
Minimum Cover:- 35mm(both the faces).
Minimum Reinforcement:-Overall .24% of total cross section should be provided.
Walls:-1) provision of joints
( a ) Where it is desired to allow the walls to expand or contract separately from the floor , or to prevent moments at the base of the wall owing to fixity to the floor sliding joints may be employed.
( b) The spacing of vertical movement joints should be as discussed. while the majority of these joints may be of the partial or complete contraction type , sufficient joints of the expansion type should be provided to satisfy the requirements given in article.
2)Pressure on wall
(a) In liquid retaining structures with fixed or floating covers the gas pressure developed above liquid surface shall be added to the liquid pressure .
(b)When the wall of liquid retaining structure is built in ground, or has earth embanked against it ,the effect of earth pressure shall be taken in to account .
III Design stepes:
• Calculate diameter and height of water tank
• Assumed suitable thickness
• Calculate designed constants
• Calculate hoop tension, maximum bending moment by using IS 1370 part IV.
• Calculate hoop steel(provide in the form of rings per meter height)
• Check the assume thickness with given permissible values of tensile stresses of concrete in direct tension for the given grade of concrete.
• Check of thickness for bending
• Provide vertical steel
• Design base slab
• Draw details
Introduction of compressive stresses to a structural member with high-strength steel that counteract the tensile stresses resulting from applied loads
Prestressed Concrete
Pre-Tensioned (cast off-site in beds- precast members)
Post-Tensioned (cast on-site in place)
All types of structure can be built with reinforced and pre-stressed concrete: columns, piers, walls, slabs, beams, arches, frames, even suspended structures and of course shells and folded plates.
• Tanks
• Foundation panels
• Poles
• Modular block retaining wall system
• Wall panels
• Concrete units
• Slabs
• Roofing and flooring
• Lintel and sunshade
• Beams
• Columns girders
In the construction of concrete structures for the storage of liquids, the imperviousness of concrete is an important basic requirement. Hence, the design of such construction is based on avoidance of cracking in the concrete. The structures are prestressed to avoid tension in the concrete. In addition, prestressed concrete tanks require low maintenance. The resistance to seismic forces is also satisfactory. Prestressed concrete tanks are used in water treatment and distribution systems, waste water collection and treatment system and storm water management. Other applications are liquefied natural gas (LNG) containment structures, large industrial process tanks and bulk storage tanks. Strand Wrapped circular pre-stressed concrete tanks are long life liquid storage structure with virtually no maintenance. Concrete construction makes for a substantial, sturdy tank structure that easily contain the internal liquid pressure while comfortably resisting external forces such as earthquake, wind.
Pre-stressed concrete is the most efficient material for water tanks and coupled with the circular shape, eliminates all stress conditions. By placing the steel of the pre-stressed strands in tension and the concrete in compression, both materials are in an ideal states and the loads are uniformly distributed around the tank circumference.
1) Low maintenance can be enjoyed throughout the life as these are built with concrete, durable material that never corrodes and does not require coatings when in contact with water or the environment.
2) Pre-stressing counteracts the differential temperature and dryness loads that a tank core wall experience. The tank walls are wet on the inside and dry on outside and the temperature varies between the two sides. If not properly accounted for, these moisture and temperature differential will cause a tank wall to bend and crack. Counteract these force in both the vertical and horizontal direction and diminish subsequently the cracking and leaking
3) Tanks are very ductile, enabling to withstand seismic forces and varying water backfill.
4) Tanks utilize material efficiently – steel in tension, concrete in compression
5) Pre-cast tanks can store or treat anything from potable water to hazardous waste to solid storage bins.
6)Storage capacities can range from 0.4 to 120 mega liters
7) Diameters of the tank can vary up to 90 m
V Design philosophy
A. Loads: Circumferential prestressing also typically causes vertical bending moment from other loading condition.
B. Freeboard: freeboard should be provided in the tank wals to minimize earthquake- induced hydrodynamic effects on a flat roof.
C. Wall: The design of the wall should be based on elastic cylindrical shell analysis, considering the effects of prestressing, internal loads and other external loads.cast in place concrete walls is usually priestesses circumferentially with high-strength strand tendons placed in ducts in the wall .the wall may be priestesses with bonded and unbounded tendons. Vertical prestessed reinforcement near the center of the wall thickness, or vertical non prestessed reinforcement near each face, may be used. Non priestesses reinforcement may be provided vertically in conjunction with vertical prestressing.
Precast concrete walls usually consist of precast panels curved to the tank radius with joints between panels filled with high-strength concrete. the panels are post-tensioned circumferentially by high strength strand tendons. the tendons maybe embedded within the precast panels or placed on the external surface of the wall and protected by shortcreat .the wall panels may be prestessesd vertically with pretensioned strands or post-tensioned tendons.non prestesses reinforcement may be provided vertically with or without vertical prestressing.
Construction Methodology
The construction of the tanks is in the following sequence. First, the concrete core is cast and cured. The surface is prepared by sand or hydro blasting. Next, the circumferential prestressing is applied by strand wrapping machine. Shotcrete is applied to provide a coat of concrete over the prestressing strands. A few photographs are provided for illustration.
IS: 3370 (Code of Practice for Concrete Structures for the Storage of Liquids) provides guidelines for the analysis and design of liquid storage tanks. The four sections of the code are titled as follows.
Part 1: General Requirement
Part 2: Reinforced Concrete Structures
Part 3: Prestressed Concrete Structures
Part 4: Design Tables
The following types of boundary conditions are considered in the analysis of the cylindrical wall.
a) For base: fixed or hinged
b) For top: free or hinged or framed.
1)For base
Fixed: When the wall is built continuous with its footing, then the base can be considered to be fixed as the first approximation.
Hinged: If the sub grade is susceptible to settlement, then a hinged base is a conservative assumption. Since the actual rotational restraint from the footing is somewhere in between fixed and hinged, a hinged base can be assumed. The base can be made sliding with appropriate polyvinyl chloride (PVC) water-stops for liquid tightness.
2) For top
Free: The top of the wall is considered free when there is no restraint in expansion.
Hinged: When the top is connected to the roof slab by dowels for shear transfer, the boundary condition is considered to be hinged.
The hydrostatic pressure on the wall increases linearly from the top to the bottom of the liquid of maximum possible depth. If the vapour pressure in the free board is negligible, then the pressure at the top is zero. Else, it is added to the pressure of the liquid throughout the depth. The forces generated in the tank due to circumferential prestress are opposite in nature to that due to hydrostatic pressure. If the tank is built underground, then the earth pressure needs to be considered.
The hoop tension in the wall, generated due to a triangular hydrostatic pressure is given as T = CTw H Ri
The bending moment in the vertical direction is given as
M = CMwH3
The shear at the base is given by the expression V = CVw H
CT = coefficient for hoop tension
CM = coefficient for bending moment
CV = coefficient for shear
w = unit weight of liquid
H = height of the liquid
Ri = inner radius of the wall.
The values of the coefficients are tabulated in IS:3370 – 1967, Part 4, for various values of H2/Dt, at different depths of the liquid. D and t represent the inner diameter and the thickness of the wall, respectively. The typical variations of CT and CM with depth, for two sets of boundary conditions are illustrated. The roof can be made of a dome supported at the edges on the cylindrical wall. Else, the roof can be a flat slab supported on columns along with the edges. IS:3370 – 1967, Part 4, provides coefficients for the analysis of the floor and roof slabs.
Design steps
• Calculate diameter and height of water tank
• Assumed suitable thickness
• Calculate designed constants
• Calculate hoop tension, maximum bending moment by using IS 1370 part IV.
• Check the assume thickness with given permissible values of tensile stresses of concrete in direct tension for the given grade of concrete.
• Actual circumferential prestress i.e. actual direct compressive stress (fc)
• Provide circumferential steel , Provide vertical steel
• Check for ultimate collapse and cracking
• Non prestressing steel /untensioned steel
• Design base slab
• Draw detail
Comparison of R.C.C. water tank and Prestrssed water tank
The tanks to be consider having some common data such as the tanks are having same capacity, same diameter, same height, same grade of concrete i. e. (M40) & (M50), the thickness of tank floor should be taken either 150mm or equal to the wall thickness(if greater than 150mm) for RCC water tank and minimum thickness for priestesses concrete water tank is 120mm.We consider tank capacity for both the cases (i.e. RCC & Priestesses) reimaging from 1000 m3 to 9000 m3. for both the grade of concrete i.e. (M40 & M50). The result so obtained as given in following table3
Schedule For RCC Water Tanks & Prestressed Concrete Water Tanks Estimate Details
NOTE: (Negative value of % saving indicates that prestressed concrete tank is economical than RCC water tank and vice-à-versa)
Figure 1: Variation Of Cost With Capacity Of Water Tank & Grade Of Concrete
Figure 2 Variation Of Cost For Both Type Of Water Tank With Same Grade Of Concrete(M40)
Figure 3 Variation Of Cost For Both Type Of Water Tank With Same Grade Of Concrete(M50)
Figure 4 Variation of % of saving for given capacity with given grade of concrete(M40)
Figure 5 Variation of % of saving for given capacity with given grade of concrete(M50)
The aim of this paper is to compare the cost of R.C.C. water tanks resting over firm ground with the cost of Prestressed concrete water tanks. In India at least, most of the small & medium sized water tanks are constructed in RCC. Senior engineers and those in the know maintain that prestressed concrete water tanks are not worth trying for smaller capacities. Besides cost, other reason may be that prestressed concrete construction involves skilled labor & supervision. Furthermore, prestressing is a closely guarded technology in this country & information is not available that easily.
There is no clear-cut definition of "Medium Size". The thumb rule passed on in the field from one generation of engineers to the next, fixes a value around 10 lac liters. Therefore, this study encompasses tanks from 10 lac liter capacity to 90 lac liter capacity. A couple of cases of both varieties were designed manually. Design & Estimation programs were developed in MS EXCEL for both RCC & Prestressed concrete. The programs were finalized after a number of trial runs & corrections.
Results obtained are compiled in figures numbered 1 to 5 & Table numbered 3. D/H ratio for all the tanks is maintained at 4 based on the recommendations of the Preload Engineering Company of the US, a world leader in the field of prestressed concrete water tanks. It should be noted that an increase in tank wall thickness results in decreased flexural steel in case of RCC. However, in case of prestressed concrete, an increased thickness leads to a greater prestressing force & consequently more prestressing steel. Thus, increased thickness leads to increased cost in case of prestressed concrete.
Table3 presents the total cost of each tank along with the % difference. "+" means costlier prestressing & "-" means cheaper prestressing. As the tank capacity increases, the cost of tank increases. But the concept of "economics of scale" holds good i.e. the cost of a tank of 20 lac liter capacity is less than double the cost of a tank of 10 lac liter capacity. Similarly, the cost of a tank of 90 lac liter capacity is less than 9 times the cost of a tank of 10 lac liter capacity. It can be clearly established that the grade of concrete hardly makes any difference in the costing. Because of its nature, the water tank design is never an impending or boundary line design. The factor of safety is high & the actual stresses are much lower than the permissible ones. An increased permissible stress for a higher grade of concrete hardly makes any difference to the final outcome.
Finally, a study of the same Table3 confirms that the RCC tank is cheaper only for 10 lac liter capacity. For higher capacities, prestress concrete tank is always cheaper by @ (20 +/- 5) %. This is because the thickness of an RCC tank increases many-folds for higher capacities. Thickness in fact seems to be an important criterion even for prestressed tanks. An increased thickness leads to an increased prestressing force. More steel is required to generate this higher prestressing force resulting in higher cost.
RCC tanks are cheaper only for smaller capacities up to 10-12 lac liters. For bigger tanks, Prestressing is the superior choice resulting in a saving of @ 20%.
1 Tanetal (1966) "Minimum Cost Design Of Reinforced Concrete Cylindrical Water Tanks Based On The British Code For Water Tanks, Using A Direct Search Method And The (SUMT). European Journal Of Scientific Research ISSN 1450 -216XVol.49No.4(2011),pp.510-520.
2 Thakkar and Sridhar Rao (1974)"Cost Optimization Of Cylindrical Composite Type Prestesses Concrete Pipes Based On The Indian Code" Journal of Structural Engineering 131: 6.
3 Al-Badri (2005) "Cost Optimization Of Reinforced Concrete Circular Grain Silo Based On ACI Code (2002)American Concrete Institute Structural Journal, May- June 2006.
4 Hassan Jasim Mohammed " Economical Design Of Water Tanks" European Journal Of Scientific Research ISSN 1450 -216XVol.49No.4(2011),pp.510-520.
5 Abdul-Aziz & A. Rashed "Rational Design Of Priestesses And Reinforced Concrete Tanks" Dept Of Civil & Environmental Engineering. University Of Alberta, Edmontan, Alberta Canada T6g-267.Eurojournals Publishing. Inc.2011
6 Chetan Kumar Gautam "Comparison Of Circular RC And PSC Underground Shelters" The Indian Concrete Journal April 2006.
7 Precon "Designing Of Circular Prestressed Concrete Tanks To The Industry Standards Of The AWWA And ACI" journal of priestesses concrete institute vol.12,apr. 1967
8 IS: 456-2000. Indian Standard Code of Practice For Reinforced Concrete.
9 IS 3370-Part I,II,III,IV 1965 & IS Code 1343-1980 Indian Standard Code of Practice For Liquid Retaining Structures.
10 IS: 1343- 1980. Indian Standard Code of Practice For Prestressed Concrete (First Revision).
11 Lin, T.Y, and NED H BURNS "Prestressed Concrete", Third Edition , John Wiley & Sons[ ASIA] Pt e Ltd. , Singapore 129809.
12 N. Krishna Raju, 2007. "Prestressed Concrete", Fourth Edition, Tata McGraw- Hill Company Ltd., New Delhi.
13 A.K Jain Reinforced concrete (vol-1,vol-2)
14 B.N Dutta, 2009 "Estimating and Costing In Civil Engineering", Twenty- Sixth Revised Edition UBS Publishers' Distributors Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
15 Current Schedule of Rates (CSR), 2010-2011, for Public Works Region, Amravati.
16 Schedule Of Rates Year 2010-2011, For Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran, Nagpur Region
17 Bundy , B. D. , 1984. " Basic Optimization Methods ", Edward Arnold Publishers.
18 Fintel, M., ,1974. " Handbook of Concrete Engineering", USA.
19 Gray ,W.S. and Manning ,G.P., 1960. " Concrete Water Tower, Bunkers, Silos and Other Elevated Structures" , 3rd ed. , London.
20 Manning, G.P., 1973. " Reinforced Concrete Reservoirs and Tanks,1st ed. London.
We at engineeringcivil.com are thankful to MS. SNEHAL R. METKAR for submitting this useful information to us. We hope this will be of great help to all those who are looking forward for Economics of R.C.C. Water tank Resting over Firm Ground vis-a-vis Pre-stressed Concrete Water Tank Resting over Firm Ground.
The post Economics of R.C.C. Water tank Resting over Firm Ground vis-a-vis Pre-stressed Concrete Water Tank Resting over Firm Ground appeared first on Civil Engineering Portal – Biggest Civil Engineering Information Sharing Website.


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Monday, 19 August 2013
Another little look .......
.........at another sample for Sheena Douglass's show on Create and Craft where she'll be launching her new 'A Little Bit Magical' stamps. This card features a stamp from the 'Honesty' plate. Made using distress inks for the background, the honesty was stamped and some of the colour lifted out from seed heads with a damp brush, then they were touched with gold H2O's for a little subtle shimmer.
4 comments:
Pretty card... I love this honesty stamp.. And the subtle colours you've used, PxReplyDelete
I like the way you have created a background paper to match the topper, the composition is lovely too. xReplyDelete
this is such a pretty card Donna, loving how you have used the stampReplyDelete
Lovely card, I really like the subtle colour and the shadow. Kim xReplyDelete
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We develop electronic PCB's for our customers as well as for our own use.
For our customers we develop:
Here are some examples:
Beckhoff offers an interesting approach for series machine builders with its EtherCAT plug-in modules. Since we have experience with Beckhoff as well as in PCB design, we can provide you with optimal advice here!
Discover the advantages in the following video:
Motronic AG • Industriestr. 149 • 9200 Gossau • +41 71 310 11 07 • email@example.com


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Today Micromax has launched Canvas 5 which is the successor of the popular Canvas 4. Canvas 4 was launched back in 2013 and now after 2 years Canvas 5 is here with much better specifications and price tag. Micromax Canvas 5 has been priced at Rs. 11,999 which is one the most competitive price range in Indian market. The phone will now be available in retail shops and Micromax stores. At this price, Micromax manages to provide metal side frame in Canvas 5.
The device has been build very beautifully and sturdy with gorgeous metal frames and 4.8 mm visual thickness. Canvas 5 comes with Android 5.1 Lollipop and is expected to get the taste of Marshmallow. It also supports both 3G and 4G bands in India with 150Mbps download speed and 50Mbps upload speed.
Micromax Canvas 5 features a 5.2 inches full HD display with a resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels and 423 PPI. This beautiful screen is protected with Corning Gorilla Glass 3. The phone is powered by 1.3GHz Octa-Core processor accompanied by 3GB DDR3 RAM. The internal storage of Canvas 5 is 16 GB but it can be expanded up to 64 GB.
When it comes to camera, Canvas 5 has 13MP AF rear camera (Flash enabled) with 5P lens & Blue Optical Filter along with a 5MP Front camera which is also Flash enabled. The unique thing about this camera is that you can use both the cameras at the same time and it called 'Picture in Picture' feature, which many people may find very cool.
The other features include Wi-Fi, GPRS/ EDGE, GPS/ A-GPS, Micro-USB and Bluetooth, though NFC is missing. Canvas 5 is powered by a non-removable 2900 mAh battery which is capable of providing 275 hours standby time and 10 hours talk time (as per the company).
If you are interested in this beautiful phone from Micromax, then you can head over to the stores and get this device for mere Rs. 11,999. You can also get Moto G 3rd Gen, Mi 4i and Mi 4 in the same price range. To get more updates on Micromax smartphones, stay tuned with us.


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Just appeared on a St. Louis radio show … said something, got off the air, thought, "Doh! That was stupid."
I was talking about my criticisms of Albert Pujols, and—toward the end—I mentioned he was the only guy wearing sunglasses. It was a dumb point to begin with, because, well, who gives a crap? But after saying it—I mean, immediately after saying it—I thought, "That almost certainly wasn't the case." The guys right next to him weren't, to my recollection. But that's not the point—when you have a just criticism of someone, why add bullshit reasons that mean nothing.
This was 100% my bad. Poor point, stupid, stupid, stupid, stupid.
Received an e-mail from Scott Rovak, the excellent photographer who included the attached photos.
Scott, you're completely in the right.
What sucks is what happens now. If you're me, and you make a mistake like this, your judgement in the area dies. Anyone who disagrees can say, "Look, he said this and he was wrong." And they'd be 100 percent correct. One hundred percent.
I appreciate Scott sending the photos. It was the right thing to do.


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Government Considers, Approves 10 Draft Laws
The government approved in its extraordinary meeting held last week 10 draft laws and amendments to laws including draft laws on Public Debt Management;
Value Added Tax, Bank of the Lao PDR, Economic Dispute Settlement, Social Security, Signs, Military Officers of Lao People's Army, Civil Aviation, Lao Front for National Development, and Veterans' Federation.
— Lao News Agency
Health officials to develop network to tackle communicable diseases between Thailand, Laos
Health officials from the northern provinces of Phayao and Chiang Mai plan to develop a network for monitoring and preventing communicable diseases between Thailand and Laos.
Laos-China co-produced TV program promoted in Lao university
A culture exchange program and Laos-China co-produced TV program promotion was held in Lao National University here on Monday.
— Xinhua Net
Hundreds of People Celebrate Chinese New Year in Vientiane
Hundreds of people turned out at National Culture Hall in Vientiane for the celebration of Chinese New Year, also known as Luna New Year, on Feb 10.
— Lao News Agency
Xayaboury Ready to Celebrate Elephant Festival 2018
The annual Elephant Festival has been scheduled to take place on February 16-22 in the northwestern province Xayaboury.
— Lao News Agency
Feature photo Francisco Anzola
Find our previous morning news feature photos in the AEC News Today Morning News Feature Photos gallery where you will find a pictorial display of daily life throughout the Asean Economic Community (AEC).
Lao morning news by AEC News Today is your one stop source for Lao PDR news on matters of governance and policies affecting Asean business communities. It is published M-F by AEC News Today: Governance, not government; policies not politics.
Leakhena Khat
"I love what I am doing so much as it gives me a lot of great experience and provides challenges to my mind.
Latest posts by Leakhena Khat (see all)
- Lao Morning News For June 29 – June 29, 2018
- Myanmar Morning News For June 29 – June 29, 2018
- Singapore Morning News For June 29 – June 29, 2018
- Lao Morning News For June 28 – June 28, 2018


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Mold Allergy And Your Home Air Quality
Tis' the season of tissues and Nyquil commercials! This time of the year seems to bring many the gifts of sore throats, runny noses, and annoying coughs. However, if you have noticed that you wrestle with these symptoms more often in your own home than when you go out, then you might be suffering from…Details


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Introduction: Omacetaxine mepesuccinate (omacetaxine) is a first-in-class cephalotaxine that has demonstrated efficacy in CML. In this analysis we evaluated omacetaxine in CML patients with resistance or intolerance to 2 or more tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Patients and Methods: Data were pooled from 2 phase II trials of subcutaneous omacetaxine, administered at 1.25 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 consecutive days every 28 days until response, then for 7 days every 28 days as maintenance. Patients with resistance or intolerance to imatinib and at least 1 other approved TKI (dasatinib and/or nilotinib) were included; results for patients in chronic phase (CP) are reported here. Major cytogenetic response (MCyR) was the primary end point. Results: Eighty-one patients with CML-CP (median age, 59 years; range, 26-83 years) were included in the analysis. All patients previously received imatinib, 69 (85%) previously received dasatinib, and 48 (59%) previously received nilotinib. Median omacetaxine exposure was 7.5 months (range, 0.03-38.6 months), with 13 patients ongoing. MCyR was reported in 16 patients (20%; one-sided 95% lower confidence limit, 12.8%), including 8 complete responses; median duration was 17.7 months (95% confidence interval, 4.1 months - not reached). Fifty-six patients (69%) achieved and/or maintained hematologic response for at least 8 weeks; median duration was 12.2 months (range, 8.4-26.2 months). Median failure-free and overall survival were 9.6 months and 34 months, respectively. Toxicity was mainly hematologic: the most common grade 3/4 adverse events were thrombocytopenia (67%), neutropenia (47%), and anemia (37%). Conclusion: Omacetaxine produced clinically meaningful responses with acceptable tolerability in patients with CML-CP previously treated with 2 or more TKIs.
|Original language
|English (US)
|Pages (from-to)
|Number of pages
|Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma and Leukemia
|Issue number
|Published - Oct 2013
|Externally published
- Dasatinib
- Homoharringtonine
- Intolerance
- Nilotinib
- Resistance
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Cancer Research


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Saturday 11th from 16h and Sunday, 12th January from 9h at the Andorra ice circuit at Pas de la Casa.
Organised by the Automobile Club d'Andorra, The GSeries of ice racing will be giving maximum excitement during January and February.
Come and watch it from the large stadium with excellent views. And this year, for the first time, the cars will be sharing the arena with the Motorbikes of the Ice Gladiators.


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Did you know that eight out of 10 Americans are managing digestive issues? While my kids have multiple food allergies, I have to say, my […]Read more
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Healthier Joints with GOPO Rosehip Supplement
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The eDU-PARK® division of Putra Science Park, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) is pleased to present a group exhibition called Nature's Yield and Wonders of Art (NYAWA) '18, featuring artwork by professors and researchers from various faculties at UPM. The exhibition will be held from 1st December, 2018 to 8th March, 2019 at Galeri Serdang located at the Faculty of Design and Architecture, UPM.
By presenting scientific research and findings in the form of artworks and artefacts, NYAWA aims to promote interest in and cultivate appreciation of science by making it not just accessible to, but also enjoyable for the general public. Representing various fields of study from agriculture and environmental science to biology and information technology, and many more, NYAWA'18 features artworks revolving around the theme 'Earth to Sky'.
Take a short stroll in a little paper garden, where you'll also be able to see virtual flowers blooming around you. Watch out for the fruit bats above (made out of beverage packaging) as this installation explains how habitat loss has resulted in the encroachment of these flying mammals, raising the risk of transmission of viruses to human and other animal populations. Enjoy a colourful Lego installation that details the relationship between Salmonella and its human and animal hosts. Learn about the factors that determine the colour of your eyes as you take in a striking 2D art display of different coloured irises.
These are among the 19 artworks --a number of them interactive--on display at NYAWA'18, which is the seventh edition of this annual exhibition. An indexed catalogue of the exhibition is forthcoming.
NYAWA'18 will be officially launched on 23rd January, 2019 at 3pm at the foyer of the Faculty of Design and Architecture. On the day of the launch, participating scientists and researchers will be present to explain their artworks and artefacts to members of the public.
NYAWA'18 is open for public viewing from 9am to 4pm (Monday to Friday). Night or weekends visit is arrange able by appointment.
1) The Spirit of Mah Meri
2) Sailing by Starlight
3) Talaqqi
4) Goddess of the Rainbow
5) Please Have a Seat
6) Bat Zootic
7) Ecopsychology : Reflections of Nature and Soul
8) Salmonella: The Bacteria Next Door
9) Extinction
10) Climbing Plants
11) Wonders of Pollen
12) Skytider™
13) Head in the Clouds
14) Earth / Space Protein Crystals
15) MR Flowers
16) Urban Spaces : Green or Grey
17) Digital Metamorphosis
18) High and Dry
19) Entropy Harp
by Norhidayah Mad Halid
Research Officer
eduPark Division
Putra Science Park UPM
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Date of Input: 22/01/2019 | Updated: 04/02/2019 | asrizam
Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research and Innovation)
Universiti Putra Malaysia
43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia


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Amazon has previously announced Alexa's ability to recognize "custom sounds." Continue Reading →
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Posts I've written about Natural Language Processing (NLP). Subscribe to my newsletter to make sure you don't miss anything.
The official title of the Amazon Science blog is "Alexa gets better at predicting customers' goals," but you should read this as, "The Turing test is not for machines to pass, but for humans to fail." Continue Reading →
A few weeks ago, Amazon announced new developer tools to enable Alexa to speak with emotion, either excited or disappointed across a range of intensities. Amazon said, "Use new Alexa Emotions and speaking styles to create a more natural and intuitive voice experience." Continue Reading →
When you look at the list of voice-voice-activated hardware Amazon announced this week, even those who are not paranoid have to stop and think. The standout "Think About This…" device is called Echo Frames, a pair of audio-only smart glasses. They will read you your notifications and offer optional support for Google Assistant. And, yes, Continue Reading →
Some people believe that Alexa is listening all the time. This is true. Some people believe that Alexa records every word for posterity. This is false. Some people believe that having an Amazon Echo increases their risk of being hacked. This is also false. But, there's more to the story. Continue Reading →
Remember that talk you had with your parents when you were just starting to notice the opposite sex? It's time to think about how that talk is going to sound when you add loving, committed relationships with your new AI system to the mix. Continue Reading →
To change your world, AI does not need to replace humans – it just needs to displace you. So stop saying that AI can't replace humans, and start asking, "Can AI displace me?" Continue Reading →
There was a recent tabloid piece featuring a video of a woman asking Alexa if it was connected to the CIA. At the time, the Echo Dot she was speaking to did not respond to the question. She asked a few times, and each time the Echo was silent. Conspiracy theorists weighed in. It was an amusing video, but the Daily Mail's clickbait headline raises a legitimate question: Can Alexa lie? Continue Reading →
Shelly Palmer talks with Maggie Lake about Samsung's issues, the new Galaxy 8, Mobile World Congress, AI and Natural Language Understanding (Alexa Voice Services) on CNN. Original Airdate: February 27, 2017 Continue Reading →
Is Alexa always listening? Shelly Palmer explains how Amazon's Echo and Alexa Voice Service work on Fox 5 with Teresa Priolo and Antwan Lewis. Original Airdate: January 17, 2017 Continue Reading →