text:
Here in my room,
I lay in my bed,
With every thought of you,
Intruding my head,
Like snapshots in my brain,
Of the last thing you said,
My gut is violated,
And I twitch with rage,
I cannot free myself,
From this anxiety ridden cage,
And in this chapter of our life,
It seems I can't turn the page,
This torture is much worse,
Since you have been away,
I am so scared,
That away is where you'll stay,
And no matter how hard I try,
I will have to lay here in my room,
Alone one more day.
By Mac Holmes. Janettas grandson.
Written sitting in my room alone still waiting...
He loved his grandpa with all his heart
All the hugs in the world
Could not heal him
How we dreaded the time when
Memories would be all that's left
Submitted on September 8, 2019 for contest SOMETIMES LOVE IS NOT ENOUGH sponsored by SILENT ONE - RANKED 3RD
I know a man whose kindness touches the
hearts of many,
And he would often be the first to lend you
his last penny,
Yes his heart is pure gold from out of love,
Right from the hands of the almighty who sits
high above,
There are times I drive him crazy
with all my "do this" and "want to's"
He loves and cares for all those people that he
His family, relatives and most of you all,
Many happy memories I carry within my
Vowed never to forget and never to be apart,
As a grandson I would look up to this man with
great awe,
For you see he is my friend and he is my
Tender, tender, touch him now
Surrender, surrender sleepless brow
Sleep is a palace, love is a feast
Come weary darling I sing release
Tenderly drift, drift, drift away
Love is forever, life's but a play
Tender, tender, rock her now
Surrender, surrender sleepless brow
Time is so fleet, and love is strong
Come weary darling rest my song
Tenderly drift, drift, drift away
Love is forever, life's but a play
Tender, tender, O my heart yearns
Surrender, surrender the boatman churns
Carry him (her), Carry him away
Angels come watch him, watch here I pray
Tenderly drift, drift, drift away
Love is forever, dream where you lay.
Cats with claws stalk,
sitting at the table.
Cats purr and walk —
ready and able.
"Meow...more milk please,"
jumping on each chair.
With wry smiles they tease.
With grand eyes they stare.
Contest: A Funny Poem For A Seven Year Old
*My two grandsons love cats. Especially the oldest,
who I think would become one, if it were possible!
My arms are filled with pure contentment
my heart is knit to this precious bundle of love
my fingers slowly caress his fair, soft cheeks
my eyes look deeply into his innocent blue eyes.
From the moment I beheld him, I was smitten
he is still yet a tiny bud upon the flower of life
I pray I will see this little one bloom to maturity
to see him thrive within the loving soil of his family.
His essence, his sweetness, resonates within my soul
God has truly gifted me with a beautiful grandson
I am beyond blessed and will pray each and every day
that little Zephyr will come to know God in every way.
Flickered fingers;
Can't dial ringers;
Telephone calls;
Babies cry and crawls;
what do you do?
what do you do?
When their diapers fall?...
written words by James Edward Lee Sr.©2020
My Love for Dogs
Dogs cute and fluffy!
Of all shapes and sizes,
some look so puffy.
Some dogs' hair is scruffy.
Comb them, please and make
them sightly!
Grandma and I wrote this poem
A familial treasure, beyond any
(Written by Panagiota and her
grandson, Eddie)
Short Bio~*
Eddie is studying Poetry and is
He loves a 'Midsummer's Night's
Dream' and was when only ten
when he saw it!
Performed outdoors at....
Lake Tahoe, California.
Love, Panagiota and Eddie
October 2, 2019
He is twelve and kind-hearted.
I agree to try another video game because I love him.
He keeps giving me glowing reviews.
"You are doing well, grandma!"
"You got a lot further than last time, grandma!"
Sometimes I know when my spaceship has crashed and burned.
Other times I keep pushing the kill button, thinking I am still in the game somewhere.
At one point he said, "Grandma, you can stop pushing the buttons now."
Telling me that I had already crashed and burned.
miracle of a moon rock
in a glass case
somewhere on earth
ordinary in 2019
as my grandson shrugs
i marvel as i wait
in 1969
at the age of eight
for Armstrong's footfall
on Tranquility Base
before that time
since creation
the man in the moon
just smiled
and the cow laughed
and the moon was rumored
to be made of cheese
mankind took a bite out if it
and now only glass
stands between me and the moon
if i could only touch it
nowadays we love
our grands
to the moon and back
and we target Mars
Chit chattering so happily, in babyish first conversations,
Like treetop little birdies, sharing emerald observations,
Burbling giddily and gaily, as golden moments evanesce,
Tattling like garden beauty secrets, in the feverish press!
Jabbering enthusiastic jollity, in the success of noon sun,
Rumors of glad gibberish, as droning bees in gilt sudden,
Joyful, twittering chit-chat, at back fence of my gladness,
Gossiping with fascinated grandma, on a summer canvas.
Teenage Girls clad in the latest fashions,
Do it whenever they meet,
Grown men aren't afraid to show some passion,
When their team's comeback is complete,
They can say hello, they can say goodbye,
And anything inbetween,
If you open your arms and crack a smile,
There is nothing that a hug cannot mean.
A granddaughter is a joy
a real genuine treasure,
to make the heart sing
with unequaled pleasure.
Her smile can brighten
the gloomiest afternoon.
In her sweet presence
my heart becomes immune
to trouble or sorrow,
defeat or decline.
In her, so clearly,
we see God's design.
A grandson fills the gap
and completes God's plan.
In his face, I catch
a glimpse of the man.
His smile brings sunshine,
love defines his embrace.
My load becomes lighter,
worry's gone without a trace.
He will always hold
a large chunk of my heart.
No force can alter our
bond, it's off the chart.
You are the newest thread
in the tapestry of my life -
once neatly-patterned,
but now criss-crossed
and sig-zagged
with the vibrant strands
of your sister.
You, too, will be interwoven
into the fabric of my life
and be interlaced through
its brightness and hues
and be intricately entwined
and securely knotted
with one golden thread -
When you're away son
My thoughts are for you're safety
And then you come home~messy
There's stinky laundry
Dirty dishes everywhere
But my love grows every day
Then back on the road
I listen to the news cast
You don't call and I worry
And soon you come home
Stinky laundry, smelly socks
Tobacco spilled but love gives
Cody came home for the weekend.
He will leave out again today.
He will pick up a trainee so I won't
hear from him very often..
He won't be back until Christmas..
A Granddads love will never end, it does not yield it does not bend.
Through time of good and times of bad they can rely on Granddad.
He is always there to mend their toys to make them laugh and bring them joy.
He reads them stories and plays their games and never ever mixes up their names.
A Granddads love will never end he is not just Granddad he is their best friend.
His limbs misplaced.
His presence weak.
His actions laced.
His sweat reeks.
Inevitably trapped.
Careless existence.
Leaking, dabbed.
Inherent resistance.
Delayed Exit.
Troubling loves.
Features placid.
Destination above.
His inside crumble.
Just within reach.
His outside humbled.
Welcoming immortal sleep.
Dear Grandpa,
I bid you farewell.
You've been strong, I saw!
Its been intolerable, I can tell.
You have been missed in our hearts.
Still learning the lessons you teach.
Our love will hold and never part.
Your spirit always near, always within reach.
17th April 2015
I live to please you,
I live to see the best in you
You and I are the best match
Havens have open mountains
Heavy rains ought to end us
But don't be afraid
I have created tents to keep you safe
The safest place for you is in my heart
Where only my thoughts and blood play
My blood oozes with oxygen and love
Don't be afraid this love is forever
I have devoted all my love to you
The clouds have surrendered its beauty for us
This is all for you
So don't be afraid
This is the love that children will fantasizes
This is the love that you wished for
Your wishes have come true
Our family is a big one but it seems to grow more each day,
But there is plenty of room for your son and lots of love I'd say.
Now i know it can be scary to be a first time mom,
But we are all here to help you when you feel you can't be strong.
We will be there for his firsts and seconds too you see,
Because little baby Braxtyn will be spoiled as can be.
It's Luke's first day at school today
I wonder how he's getting on
I hope he is behaving himself
I hope the crayons haven't all gone
Because Luke is partial to crayons
He seems to just love wax
He sees a pack of crayons
As some exotic snacks
I wonder if he will make a friend
I hope he's not a bully
No, Luke is far too nice for that
So I guess I shouldn't worry
He looked really cute in his uniform
Smart jumper, trousers and sandals
But he will be home for tea real soon
So I'm off to hide the candles.
My grandsons,
Lee, Eoin, Christopher, Rowick.
A boy needs a Grandpa,
for man-to-man talks.
To go hand in hand,
on companionable walks.
To fix up his toys,
when they no longer go.
To tell him the things,
little boys want to know.
A boy needs a Grandpa,
to show him the way.
To handle a puppy,
to teach him fair play.
To impart bits of wisdom,
he's learned through the years.
That it's no disgrace,
for a man to shed tears.
A boy needs a Grandpa,
to sit on his lap.
And if no one is looking,
they take a wee nap.
Each wrapped in an aura,
of love and esteem.
Each smiling gently,
at some special dream.
As I See you
Healthy, swaddled, safe & alert
Brother of humanity
Fan of family, humility & tenacity
Who feels loved, curious & thrives
Whose fears will be healthy & logical
Who would love to spread peace, love & harmony
Resident of the City of Love, Milky Way Galaxy, a Universe
An auto-bio of my
first, future Grandson
Tristan Joseph Spagnola
Love infinity + infinity :)
At the end of my rainbow, I'll find them there,
All the dear ones whom in my life had a share,
First in line, I am sure, my dad and mother.
Close behind come each and every brother.
My sister too and my husband and son,
My sweet granddaughter and great grandson.
I haven't seen some for many years,
If I were not so happy, I would be in tears.
I am the last of my generation,
Which is the loneliest sensation.
Love waits for me at Rainbow's end
Where I'll look for every relative and friend.
The world is filled with babies
And the parents who adore 'em,
Though unrelated bystanders
Most often will ignore 'em.
For many aren't near as cute
As relatives believe.
The filter that's tied up with love
Is easy to deceive.
Some infants wear the faces
They'll parade in when they're old
And others, even dressed to kill,
Are homely to behold.
Since I became a nana
It's just natural to compare.
I assure you, though, my grandkids
Outshine everyone out there!
so tenderly, he takes the blanket
covered with red dots and grandma love
tucked all around his eight year old frame
my tooth pain in remission while i sleep
he places the soft and tender blanket
over my legs, sharing the warmth
Kim Rodrigues © 2017


text:
Hosting and Maintenance
Running a website is a lot like owning a car. If you don't perform preventative maintenance it will fall into disrepair. Websites that are not actively maintained are less effective and run the risk of being targeted by hackers and spammers.
We work with clients on an ongoing basis to make sure the sites we manage have updated content and software and are secure.
Services we offer:
Managed Hosting
Software Updates
Security and Uptime Monitoring
Content Management
Ongoing Feature Development
Technologies we use:
Amazon Web Services
WP Engine

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Performance Review: Quarter ended June 30, 2017
July 27, 2017
- 19% year-on-year growth in retail portfolio; retail portfolio constituted 53% of the total portfolio at June 30, 2017
- 24% year-on-year growth in current and savings account (CASA) deposits; CASA ratio at 49.0% at June 30, 2017
- Net NPA ratio decreased from 4.89% at March 31, 2017 to 4.86% at June 30, 2017
- 25% sequential growth in consolidated profit after tax to ₹ 2,605 crore (US$ 403 million) for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 (Q1-2018) from ₹ 2,083 crore (US$ 323 million) for the quarter ended March 31, 2017 (Q4-2017)
- Standalone profit after tax of ₹ 2,049 crore (US$ 317 million) for Q1-2018
- Total capital adequacy of 17.89% and Tier-1 capital adequacy of 14.80% on standalone basis at June 30, 2017, including profits for Q1-2018
The Board of Directors of ICICI Bank Limited (NYSE: IBN) at its meeting held at Mumbai today, approved the audited accounts of the Bank for the quarter ended June 30, 2017.
Profit & loss account
- Net interest income increased by 8% on a year-on-year basis to ₹ 5,590 crore (US$ 866 million) in the quarter ended June 30, 2017 (Q1-2018) from ₹ 5,159 crore (US$ 799 million) in the quarter ended June 30, 2016 (Q1-2017)
- Non-interest income was ₹ 3,388 crore (US$ 525 million) in Q1-2018 compared to ₹ 3,429 crore (US$ 531 million) in Q1-2017. Non-interest income in Q1-2017 included exchange rate gain related to overseas operations of ₹ 206 crore, which is no longer permitted to be accounted as income following the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) guideline issued in April 2017, and quarterly dividend of ₹ 204 crore from ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company (ICICI Life), which has moved to dividend payments on a half-yearly basis following its initial public offering in September 2016.
- Fee income increased by 10% on a year-on-year basis to ₹ 2,377 crore (US$ 368 million) in Q1-2018 from ₹ 2,156 crore (US$ 334 million) in Q1- 2017.
- Consolidated profit after tax increased sequentially by 25% to ₹ 2,605 crore (US$ 403 billion) in Q1-2018 from ₹ 2,083 crore (US$ 323 million) in Q4-2017.
- Standalone profit after tax was ₹ 2,049 crore (US$ 317 million) for Q1- 2018 compared to ₹ 2,025 crore (US$ 314 million) for Q4-2017 and ₹ 2,232 crore (US$ 346 million) for Q1-2017.
Operating review
Credit growth
The year-on-year growth in domestic advances was 11%. The Bank has continued to leverage its strong retail franchise, resulting in a year-on-year growth of 19% in the retail portfolio. The retail portfolio constituted about 53% of the loan portfolio of the Bank at June 30, 2017. Total advances increased by 3% year-on-year to ₹ 464,075 crore (US$ 71.9 billion) at June 30, 2017 from ₹ 449,427 crore (US$ 69.6 billion) at June 30, 2016.
Deposit growth
CASA deposits increased by 24% year-on-year to ₹ 238,024 crore (US$ 36.9 billion) at June 30, 2017. The Bank's CASA ratio was 49.0% at June 30, 2017 compared to 50.4% at March 31, 2017 and 45.1% at June 30, 2016. The average CASA ratio was 45.4% in Q1-2018. Total deposits increased by 15% year-on-year to ₹ 486,254 crore (US$ 75.3 billion) at June 30, 2017. The Bank had a network of 4,852 branches and 13,780 ATMs at June 30, 2017.
Capital adequacy
The Bank's capital adequacy at June 30, 2017 as per Reserve Bank of India's guidelines on Basel III norms was 17.69% and Tier-1 capital adequacy was 14.59% compared to the regulatory requirements of 10.35% and 8.35% respectively. In line with applicable guidelines, the Basel III capital ratios reported by the Bank for June 30, 2017 do not include the profits for Q1-2018. Including the profits for Q1-2018, the capital adequacy ratio for the Bank as per Basel III norms would have been 17.89% and the Tier I ratio would have been 14.80%.
Asset quality
Net non-performing assets (NPAs) decreased from ₹ 25,451 crore (US$ 3.9 billion) at March 31, 2017 to ₹ 25,306 crore (US$ 3.9 billion) at June 30, 2017. The Bank's net non-performing asset ratio declined from 4.89% at March 31, 2017 to 4.86% at June 30, 2017. Net loans to companies whose facilities have been restructured were ₹ 2,370 crore (US$ 367 million) at June 30, 2017 compared to ₹ 4,265 crore (US$ 660 million) at March 31, 2017.
Technology initiatives
The Bank continued to be at the forefront of offering technology-enabled services to its customers. The Bank's online banking functionality received the highest overall score in the 2017 India Online Banking Functionality Benchmark study conducted by Forrester. Further, the Bank's mobile banking application also received the highest overall score in the 2017 India Mobile Banking Functionality Benchmark study conducted by Forrester, for the second year in a row.
Debit and credit card transactions continued to grow at a healthy rate. The number and the value of debit card transactions at point-of-sale terminals increased year-on-year by 81% and 83% respectively in Q1-2018. Credit card transactions increased year-on-year by 49% and 52% in terms of number and value respectively in Q1-2018.
Over 3.3 million Unified Payment Interface (UPI) Virtual Payment Addresses have been created using the Bank's mobile platforms till June 30, 2017. Further, the Bank had acquired over 130,000 merchants till June 30, 2017 on 'Eazypay', its mobile payments application for merchants.
Digital channels like internet, mobile banking, POS and call centre accounted for about 81% of the savings account transactions in Q1-2018.
During the quarter, the Bank launched a new website and mobile application for Money2India (M2I), its online money transfer service for NRIs. The Bank recently introduced personal loans of upto ₹ 15 lakh through ATMs. This facility enables existing customers to get pre-qualified loans in their savings account instantly, in a completely digital and paperless manner.
Consolidated results
Consolidated profit after tax was ₹ 2,605 crore (US$ 403 million) in Q1-2018 compared to ₹ 2,083 crore (US$ 323 million) in Q4-2017 and ₹ 2,516 crore (US$ 390 million) in Q1-2017.
Consolidated assets grew by 5% from ₹ 939,609 crore (US$ 145.5 billion) at June 30, 2016 to ₹ 988,814 crore (US$ 153.1 billion) at June 30, 2017.
ICICI Life announced results for Q1-2018 on July 25, 2017. ICICI Life continued to maintain its market leadership among the private sector players in Q1-2018. ICICI Life's retail weighted received premium increased by 74.7% from ₹ 936 crore (US$ 145 million) in Q1-2017 to ₹ 1,636 crore (US$ 253 million) in Q1-2018. ICICI Life's profit after tax was ₹ 406 crore (US$ 63 million) for Q1-2018 compared to ₹ 405 crore (US$ 63 million) for Q1-2017.
ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company (ICICI General) has filed a draft red herring prospectus with the Securities and Exchange Board of India for a public offer of up to 86,247,187 equity shares of ICICI General, representing approximately 19.0% of its equity share capital, for cash, through an offer for sale of upto 31,761,478 equity shares (7.0% of the offer) by ICICI Bank and upto 54,485,709 equity shares (12.0% of the offer) by FAL Corporation. The offer includes a proposed reservation of upto 4,312,359 equity shares (5.0% of the offer) for individual and Hindu Undivided Family ("HUF") shareholders of the Bank. The profit after tax of ICICI General was ₹ 214 crore (US$ 33 million) in Q1-2018.
The profit after tax of ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company (ICICI AMC) increased by 44% year-on-year from ₹ 98 crore (US$ 15 million) in Q1-2017 to ₹ 141 crore (US$ 22 million) in Q1-2018. ICICI AMC continues to be the largest mutual fund in India based on average assets under management for Q1-2018.
The profit after tax of ICICI Securities increased by 67% year-on-year from ₹ 69 crore (US$ 11 million) in Q1-2017 to ₹ 115 crore (US$ 18 million) in Q1-2018. ICICI Securities continues to be the largest online retail broking platform in India. The company significantly strengthened its institutional broking and investment banking franchise during Q1-2018. The profit after tax of ICICI Primary Dealership was at ₹ 66 crore (US$ 10 million) in Q1- 2018 compared to ₹ 76 crore (US$ 12 million) in Q1-2017.
Summary Profit and Loss Statement (as per unconsolidated Indian GAAP accounts)
|₹ crore
|Net interest income
|Non-interest income
|-Fee Income
|-Treasury Income
|-Other Income
|Operating expense
|Operating Profit
|Profit before tax
|Less: Tax
|Profit after tax
- As per the RBI circular on 'Guidelines on compliance with Accounting Standard (AS) 11 (The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates) by banks' dated April 18, 2017, on repatriation of accumulated profits or retained earnings from overseas operations, the banks shall not recognise the proportionate exchange gains or losses held in the foreign currency translation reserve in the P&L account. The Bank has therefore reversed foreign exchange gain amounting to ₹ 288 crore in Q4-2017, which was recognised as other income in the nine months ended December 31, 2016 (9M-2017). Accordingly, other income includes net foreign exchange gain relating to overseas operations amounting to ₹ 206 crore in Q1-2017 (reversed in Q4-2017), Nil in Q1-2018 and Nil in FY2017
- Includes profit on sale of shareholding in insurance subsidiaries of ₹ 5,682 crore in FY2017
- Prior period figures have been re-grouped/re-arranged where necessary
Summary Balance Sheet
|₹ crore
|Capital and Liabilities
|Employee stock options outstanding
|Reserves and surplus
|Borrowings (includes subordinated debt)3
|Other liabilities
|Total Capital and Liabilities
|Cash and balances with Reserve Bank of India
|Balances with banks and money at call and short notice
|Fixed assets
|Other assets
|Total Assets
- The shareholders of the Bank have approved the issue of bonus shares of ₹ 2 each in the proportion of 1:10 i.e. 1 (One) bonus share of ₹ 2 each for every 10 (Ten) fully paid-up equity shares held (including shares underlying ADS), through postal ballot in June 2017. Accordingly, the Bank has issued 582,984,544 equity shares as bonus shares during Q1-2018. Capital and reserves at June 30, 2017 reflect the bonus shares issued by the Bank.
- The shareholders of the Bank also approved dividend of ₹ 2.50 per equity shares (pre-bonus issue) and dividend of ₹ 100 per preference share at the Annual General Meeting held on June 30, 2017. Accordingly, the Bank has appropriated an amount of ₹ 1,466 crore (US$ 227 million) (including corporate dividend tax) from retained earnings during Q1-2018.
- Borrowings include preference share capital of ₹ 350 crore
- Prior period figures have been re-grouped/re-arranged where necessary
All financial and other information in this press release, other than financial and other information for specific subsidiaries where specifically mentioned, is on an unconsolidated basis for ICICI Bank Limited only unless specifically stated to be on a consolidated basis for ICICI Bank Limited and its subsidiaries. Please also refer to the statement of audited unconsolidated, consolidated and segmental results required by Indian regulations that has, along with this release, been filed with the stock exchanges in India where ICICI Bank's equity shares are listed and with the New York Stock Exchange and the US Securities Exchange Commission, and is available on our website www.icicibank.com. Except for the historical information contained herein, statements in this release which contain words or phrases such as 'will', 'expected to', etc., and similar expressions or variations of such expressions may constitute 'forward-looking statements'. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results, opportunities and growth potential to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the actual growth in demand for banking and other financial products and services in the countries that we operate or where a material number of our customers reside, our ability to successfully implement our strategy, including our use of the Internet and other technology, our rural expansion, our exploration of merger and acquisition opportunities, our ability to integrate mergers or acquisitions into our operations and manage the risks associated with such acquisitions to achieve our strategic and financial objectives, our ability to manage the increased complexity of the risks we face in our international operations, future levels of impaired loans, our growth and expansion in domestic and overseas markets, the adequacy of our allowance for credit and investment losses, regulatory assessments of our asset quality, provisions, risk management, capital adequacy and management functioning, other measures of the safety and soundness of our operations or compliance with applicable laws, regulations, accounting and taxation norms or regulatory policies, technological changes, investment income including the ability to successfully monetise our investment in subsidiaries, our ability to market new products, cash flow projections, the outcome of any legal, tax or regulatory proceedings in India and in other jurisdictions we are or become a party to, the future impact of new accounting standards, our ability to implement our dividend policy, the impact of changes in banking regulations and other regulatory changes in India and other jurisdictions on us, the equity, bond and loan market conditions and availability of liquidity amongst the investor community in these markets, the nature or level of credit spreads and interest spreads from time to time, including the possibility of increasing credit spreads or interest rates, our ability to roll over our short-term funding sources and our exposure to credit, market and liquidity risks as well as other risks that are detailed in the reports filed by us with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. ICICI Bank undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date thereof.
This release does not constitute an offer of securities.
For further press queries please call Sujit Ganguli / Kausik Datta at 91-22-2653 8525 / 91-22-2653 7026 or email email@example.com
For investor queries please call Anindya Banerjee / Sonal Bagaria at 91-22-2653 7131 / 91-22-2653 6124 or email email@example.com.
1 crore = 10.0 million
US$ amounts represent convenience translations at US$1= ₹ 64.58
pdf version


text:
If your company has people working from home offices, many of their business expenses are reimbursable. However, a corporation must reimburse these expenses the right way, or the IRS could consider the reimbursements improper and trigger an audit with financial penalties. Let's look at the two main methods of seeking home office reimbursements – the actual expense method and the safe harbor method. For a corporation, one option is clearly better than the other.
What is the Actual Expense Method?
The actual expense method directly reflects the amount of business expenses a home-based worker is experiencing. The employee would submit receipts and other proof for reimbursement from the company. If the expense comes from a house-wide cost, its reimbursement will be calculated as a percentage of the total household cost. This percentage is usually found by determining how many square feet of the home is used for business use only, then using that percentage as the guide. So, if their home office is 15% of the total home space, they should never be requesting reimbursement for any amount above 15% of an expense that applies to the entire home.
What is the Safe Harbor Method?
The safe harbor method is also for work-from-home taxpayers who have business expenses. It gives them a certain level of safety in claiming business expenses up to a threshold amount. However, there are still many limitations and requirements to consider. In general, the maximum amount a taxpayer can deduct annually under the safe harbor method is $1,500. Consult a tax attorney to ensure you qualify for safe harbor before using it.
Why Does the Safe Harbor Method Exist?
The IRS introduced the safe harbor method to help taxpayers affected by changing laws. Lawmakers working on the 2010 economic stimulus package inadvertently penalized taxpayers who were simply trying to claim legitimate business deductions. In response, the IRS introduced the safe harbor method, also called the safe harbor escape, to give these taxpayers another choice. If people feel too uneasy about claiming business deductions for fear of triggering an IRS audit, they could seek the safe harbor option.
Can a Corporation Use the Safe Harbor Method?
No. Corporations should not use the safe harbor method. A corporation should use the actual expense method for reimbursements. This means that any request for reimbursement coming from an employee or employee-shareholder should be based on their actual expense, with proof in the form of receipts and other paperwork. For more information about handling reimbursements properly, reach out to your corporation's tax attorney.
Dutton Legal Group – Indiana's Tax Resolution Law Firm
The Dutton Legal Group helps the people and businesses of Indiana navigate ever-changing State and Federal tax codes. Our goal as experienced tax attorneys is to assist you in finding an immediate, cost-effective answer to your tax challenges. We provide a variety of tax services from balance resolution and return preparation to wage garnishment relief and audit assistance. Make Dutton Legal Group your next call at 1-800-334-0255 or send an email to request a free consultation. Trustworthy and affordable, for over 15 years.


text:
What may seem like a simple transaction involving a valuable offer in exchange for a prospect's information, actually requires careful planning. Landing pages are a fundamental part of a successful inbound marketing strategy. The purpose of a custom landing page is to generate leads with the help of a smart form.
According to MarketingSherpa, 68% of B2B businesses build landing pages to generate leads for conversion.
What Makes a Good Landing Page?
A high-converting landing page performs well when it looks its best. In order to capture leads, some important traits that make for a well-designed, lead generating page include, but are not limited to:
At the same time, you will want to avoid making any of these flubs that could kill your conversions, for example - cramming too much text on the page, confusing customers with multiple CTAs and requesting excessive information on the fill-in form.
Landing Pages That Work
To capture leads means obtaining personal information about a prospect (name, email address, profession, etc.) that will ultimately be used to nurture that prospect down the sales funnel. Don't underestimate the power of a simple and clean landing page, either. With our short attention spans, visitors skim over information until they get to the good stuff. Let's analyze why these lead capture pages have the right idea.
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text: ORIGINAL ARTICLESConfounding and Effect Modification in the Short-Term Effects of Ambient Particles on Total Mortality: Results from 29 European Cities within the APHEA2 ProjectKatsouyanni, Klea1; Touloumi, Giota1; Samoli, Evangelia1; Gryparis, Alexandros1; Le Tertre, Alain2; Monopolis, Yannis1; Rossi, Giuseppe3; Zmirou, Denis4; Ballester, Ferran5; Boumghar, Azedine2; Anderson, Hugh Ross6; Wojtyniak, Bogdan7; Paldy, Anna8; Braunstein, Rony9; Pekkanen, Juha10; Schindler, Christian11; Schwartz, Joel12 Author Information From the 1Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; 2Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Paris, France; 3Fisiologia Clinica CNR, Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pisa, Italy; 4Universite Joseph Fourier Public Health Laboratory Medical School Domaine de la Merci, Grenoble, France; 5Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, Escola Valenciana d'Estudis per a la Salut, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain; 6Department of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, United Kingdom; 7National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Medical Statistics, Population Studies Laboratory, Warsaw, Poland; 8J. Fodor National Public Health Centre—National Institute of Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Health Assessment, Budapest, Hungary; 9Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; 10National Public Health Institute, Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Kuopio, Finland; 11Universitat Basel, Institut fur Sozial-und Praventivmedizin, Switzerland; 12Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Address correspondence to: Klea Katsouyanni, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical School, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece. The Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach (APHEA2) study is supported by the European Commission Environment and Climate 1994–1998 Programme (Contract No. ENV4-CT97–0534). The Swedish and Teplice groups did not receive funding from the European Commission. Submitted August 14, 2000; final version accepted December 8, 2000. Epidemiology 12(5):p 521-531, September 2001. Free SDC Abstract We present the results of the Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach 2 (APHEA2) project on short-term effects of ambient particles on mortality with emphasis on effect modification. We used daily measurements for particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) and/or black smoke from 29 European cities. We considered confounding from other pollutants as well as meteorologic and chronologic variables. We investigated several variables describing the cities' pollution, climate, population, and geography as potential effect modifiers. For the individual city analysis, generalized additive models extending Poisson regression, using a smoother to control for seasonal patterns, were applied. To provide quantitative summaries of the results and explain remaining heterogeneity, we applied second-stage regression models. The estimated increase in the daily number of deaths for all ages for a 10 μg/m3 increase in daily PM10 or black smoke concentrations was 0.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.4–0.8%], whereas for the elderly it was slightly higher. We found important effect modification for several of the variables studied. Thus, in a city with low average NO2, the estimated increase in daily mortality for an increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM10 was 0.19 (95% CI = 0.00–0.41), whereas in a city with high average NO2 it was 0.80% (95% CI = 0.67–0.93%); in a relatively cold climate the corresponding effect was 0.29% (95% CI = 0.16–0.42), whereas in a warm climate it was 0.82% (95% CI = 0.69–0.96); in a city with low standardized mortality rate it was 0.80% (95% CI = 0.65–0.95%), and in one with a high rate it was 0.43% (95% CI = 0.24–0.62). Our results confirm those previously reported on the effects of ambient particles on mortality. Furthermore, they show that the heterogeneity found in the effect parameters among cities reflects real effect modification, which is explained by specific city characteristics. ArticlePlus Click on the links below to access all the ArticlePlus for this article. Please note that ArticlePlus files may launch a viewer application outside of your web browser. https://links.lww.com/EDE/A11 During the last decade many epidemiologic studies have found associations between ambient particulate matter (PM) concentrations at below-guideline levels and short-term adverse health effects, including increases in daily mortality. 1–3 The first such studies were regarded with skepticism, 4 but the accumulated evidence was remarkably consistent and robust. 5 An important development in the investigation of the health effects of PM has come from multicenter studies that used a standardized protocol for their data collection and data analysis. Examples of such studies are the Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach (APHEA) project in Europe 6,7 and the Harvard Six Cities project in the United States. 8 Major interest has been focused on potential factors that put people at increased risk of PM-related mortality and on the characteristics and sources of particles that affect their toxicity, as well as on the potential confounding by various other air pollutants. The impact of the above results has been important for the revisions of air-quality standards in the United States and Europe. 9,10 The first multicenter studies were not based on extensive networks and were not able to explore confounding and effect modification satisfactorily. Also, in Europe the APHEA project included limited gravimetric measurement of particles. New multicenter studies include the National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS) study in the United States 11 and the APHEA2 study in Europe. These studies have tried to assess the consistency of the associations and to address questions of sensitive subpopulations, particle characteristics, and confounding. We report here the results of the APHEA2 project on short-term effects of ambient particles on all-age and elderly all-cause mortality with emphasis on confounding factors and effect modifiers. In APHEA2 an extended database is used that includes more (29) cities and more extensive exposure data than the older APHEA project. 6 This database allows a more comprehensive and structured approach at the second stage of the analysis, in which we explore the role of effect modifiers in explaining heterogeneity. Subjects and Methods Data Location, Outcome, and Exposure Table 1 shows the descriptive data from the 29 cities included in this analysis. The study period was longer than 5 years (1,826 days) for most cities. The total population in all cities was more than 43 million. We excluded 1 of the 30 cities originally providing data (Bucharest, Romania) because of insufficient days of PM concentration data (missing values 37%). The mean daily total number of deaths (excluding deaths from external causes, International Classification of Diseases code ≥800) ranged from 6 to 169 and that for the elderly (>65 years) ranged from 4 to 139. The median levels of black smoke (BS) and PM less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) concentrations (average of 2 consecutive days) ranged from 9 to 64 and from 14 to 166 μg/m3, respectively. BS levels represent concentrations of black particles with an aerodynamic diameter <4.5 μm. 5 These measurements have a long history in Europe, and although standards for BS have been replaced recently by those for PM10, 12 the results are displayed here both for reasons of continuity and because there is evidence that BS exposure is more relevant to health effects than PM10. 13,14 BS is a better marker of primary combustion products and small particles. 15 Because domestic or industrial burning of coal is minimal in most of the cities studied, BS is more specific for traffic-related particles than PM10 and provides a means of addressing the question of particle composition. Sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) concentrations are also shown. Measurements of air pollutants were provided by monitoring networks established in each town. European Union (EU) legislation regulates the methods of air pollutant measurements, 12 and recently most Central-Eastern European countries (which includes all cities in the former Communist countries and which are not EU members) have tried to comply with this regulation. Nevertheless, the recent EU daughter directive for PM10 measurement 12 (replacing the older one for BS) had not been applied during the time periods studied here and, as a result, there is variability in the method of PM10 measurement. We calculated the average daily concentration of each pollutant from as many monitors as possible. We included a monitor in the calculation if certain completeness criteria were fulfilled. 6 Despite the completeness criteria, a few missing values remained and were replaced according to the procedure described below. Table 1: Descriptive Data on the Study Period, Population, Exposure (PM10 and Black Smoke), Outcome (Daily Number of Deaths), and Levels of Other Pollutants (Exposure and Levels of Other Pollutants in μg/m3)A missing value on day i of year k from monitor j was replaced by a weighted average of the values of the other monitoring stations as follows:MATH where ¯xi.k is the mean value on day i of year k among all monitors reporting, ¯x.jk is the mean value for monitor j in year k, and ¯x..k is the overall mean level in year k. In ten cities (Athens, Basel, Budapest, Cracow, Erfurt, Geneva, Milano, Rome, Torino, and Zurich), PM10 measurements were not available for the whole time period but were estimated using a regression model relating collocated PM10 measurements to the BS (for Athens and Cracow) or total suspended particles measurements (for Budapest and Erfurt) or as a percentage of total suspended particles (based on measurements, for the other cities). Confounders We used the daily average temperature and relative humidity to control for potential confounding effects of meteorologic variables. All available information on influenza epidemics was recorded, and unusual events (for example, heat waves) were also taken into account. We adjusted for day of the week, national and school holidays, seasonality, and long-term trends. The potential confounding effects of the daily levels of other pollutants (Table 1) were investigated, as described below. The correlation coefficients between PM10 and NO2 ranged from 0.12 to 0.75; between PM10 and ozone from −0.38 to +0.38; between PM10 and SO2 from 0.14 to 0.78; and between BS and each of these pollutants from 0.11 to 0.65, −0.55 to −0.04, and 0.41 to 0.77, respectively, in the different cities. Potential Effect Modifiers Substantial heterogeneity in the estimated effect parameters has been observed previously. 7,16–18 It was therefore important to collect information on several variables hypothesized to be potential effect modifiers. These variables are "city characteristics" (that is, one value per city, which characterizes a particular situation, such as its climate or air pollution sources). The potential effect modifiers for which information was recorded are classified into the following four categories. (1) Air pollution level and mix. This category includes the average levels of PM (PM10 and BS) and that of other pollutants for the whole study period as well as the ratio of PM10 and BS to NO2. The former address the question of whether the effect size depends on the level of exposure per se or on the level of exposure to other pollutants. The ratio of PM to NO2 indicates the extent to which PM comes from traffic, because NO2 is mainly traffic generated. Therefore, a lower PM/NO2 ratio reflects a higher proportion of traffic-generated PM. (2) Climatic variables. It has often been proposed that the air pollution effects estimated are modified by climate, 19 and this theory is supported by seasonal and geographic differences observed previously. 7,16–18 To characterize a city's climate, the mean temperature and relative humidity over the whole study period were recorded. The mean annual daily temperature ranged in our cities from 5.9°C (Helsinki) to 17.8°C (Athens) and the mean relative humidity from 48.9% (Marseilles) to 82.3% (Dublin). (3) Health status of the population. It is also thought that air pollution affects certain subgroups of the population to a greater extent. Older persons and those suffering from chronic cardiorespiratory disease are obvious candidates. As indicators of their size, the age-adjusted mortality and lung cancer mortality rates for each city's population were used as well as the percentage of persons over 65 years of age and smoking prevalence. The directly standardized annual all-cause mortality rate per 100,000 ranged in our cities from 579 (Lyon) to 1,231 (Lodz). Fifteen cities had values below 800; nine between 800 and 1,000; and five above 1,000. The annual lung cancer mortality rate ranged between 28 and 92 deaths per 100,000 person-years; the proportion of the population >65 years of age between 9% and 21%; and smoking prevalence from 22% to 55%. (4) Geographic area. It has been observed before 7 (on the basis of fewer cities) that the effect size differed by geographic area. To investigate this further, we classified the cities into three categories: Central-Eastern (which included all cities in the former Communist countries: Budapest, Cracow, Erfurt, Ljubljana, Lodz, Poznan, Prague, Teplice, and Wroclaw), Southern (those with latitude less than 45°: Athens, Barcelona, Bilbao, Madrid, Marseille, Rome, Tel Aviv, and Valencia), and North Western (all other cities). Alternatively we used latitude and longitude. Analysis We used a hierarchic modeling approach. First, we fitted regression models in each city separately to allow specific control for seasonal effects, weather, and other potential confounders. We used the results of the individual city analysis in turn in a second-stage analysis to provide overall estimates and to investigate potential effect modifiers. Individual City Data Analysis We analyzed the data for each city separately according to a predefined standardized methodology, which resulted in a city-specific model. All data were analyzed in one location (Athens) by three statisticians. We applied generalized additive models (GAM) extending Poisson regression to model the nonlinear effects of the covariates, using a local nonparametric loess smoother to control for seasonal patterns and long-term trends, allowing for overdispersion. 20 A broad range of smoothing parameters for time removed the basic seasonality from the data. To choose among these, we used diagnostic tools including partial autocorrelation plots and plots of residuals over time to determine the smoothing parameter (that is, the fraction of the data used for smoothing). We had decided in advance that the smoothing window should not be below 2 months to avoid eliminating short-term patterns actually due to the exposure under study. After seasonal and long-term trends were controlled for, we incorporated meteorologic variables into the model. We investigated smoothed functions of the same day and of lags up to 2 days or averaged over 0 to 2 days of daily mean temperature and relative humidity. Same-day values were always included. The inclusion of lagged weather variables and the choice of smoothing parameters for all of the weather variables were done by minimizing Akaike's information criterion. 20 Finally, we added dummy variables to the model to control for day of the week, holidays, or unusual events if necessary. Information on daily influenza counts was not available for all cities. On the basis of results from a sensitivity analysis (manuscript in preparation), we decided to control for influenza using a dummy variable taking the value 1 for days when the 7-day moving average of the daily respiratory number of deaths was greater than the 90th percentile of its distribution and 0 otherwise. Thus, influenza control was uniform for all cities. The air pollution variables were put into the model last. Previous results have indicated that in areas with high particle concentrations, log-transformed measurements of particles best represented the mortality-particle relation. 21 To facilitate the second-stage analysis, we decided to use only linear terms, and thus the analysis was restricted to days with BS or PM10 concentrations below 150 μg/m3. We decided a priori to use the average of lags 0 and 1 for BS and PM10 measurements. This decision was based on previous studies having shown those lags to be the most relevant. 22 It also avoids potential bias, which could result from selectively reporting those lags associated with the largest effect estimates. We also fitted two-pollutant models to adjust for the confounding effects of SO2, O3, and NO2. Carbon monoxide measurements were not used, because there were many cities with incomplete measurements or without carbon monoxide measurements. If serial correlation remained in the residuals of the final models, autoregressive terms were added. All analyses were done using S-Plus. 23 Second-Stage Analysis We applied a second-stage analysis to provide a quantitative summary of all individual city results and to explain heterogeneity, if present. We assumed that the city-specific estimates bi were normally distributed around an overall estimate, assuming heterogeneity. To examine this heterogeneity we assumed bi ∼N (β0 + γzi, Ω) where β0 is the mean of the bi values, zi is a vector of effect modifiers in city i, γ is the vector of regression coefficients for the effect modifiers, and Ω is the covariance. Such hierarchic models are becoming more common in epidemiology. 24 To investigate the role of potential effect modifiers, we applied univariate (for one-pollutant models) or multivariate (for two-pollutant models) regression models. We estimated fixed-effects pooled regression coefficients by weighted ecologic regression of city-specific estimates on potential effect modifiers (at city level) with weights inversely proportional to their city-specific variances. If substantial heterogeneity among city results (beyond the variation associated with the effect modifiers) remained, random-effects regression models were applied. In these latter models, it was assumed that the individual coefficients are a sample of independent observations from the normal distribution with mean equal to the random-effects pooled estimate and variance equal to the between-cities variance. We estimated the between-cities variance from the data, using the maximum likelihood method described by Berkey et al, 25 and this variance was added to the city-specific variances. For multivariate second-stage regression models, we applied the method described by Berkey et al. 26 In contrast to the usual univariate second-stage regression, in which results from each pollutant are analyzed separately, the multivariate model provides more accurate estimates by incorporating the correlation among pollutants within each city. Specific S-Plus functions (available on request) were written to fit the univariate and multivariate second-stage regression models. Results Figure 1 shows the percentage increase in the daily number of deaths associated with 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 measurements for each city as well as the pooled estimates. Because there was substantial heterogeneity in the single-city results, pooled estimates using random-effects models are also shown. The estimated increases (per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10) for single cities ranged from −0.6% to 1.5%. The combined increase in the total number of deaths associated with 10 μg/m3 increase in the daily PM10 concentrations was 0.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.6–0.8%] under the fixed-effects model and 0.6% (95% CI = 0.4–0.8%) under the random-effects model. Figure 2 shows the corresponding individual city and pooled increase in daily deaths associated with a 10 μg/m3 increase in BS. The figures for each city ranged from −0.2% to 1.6% (χ2 for heterogeneity = 46.9, degrees of freedom = 13), and the combined estimate for the same increase under the fixed-effects model was 0.5% (95% CI = 0.4–0.6%) and under the random-effects model 0.6% (95% CI = 0.3–0.8%). When we considered only deaths among the elderly (>65 years of age), the corresponding percentage increase for PM10 was 0.8% (95% CI = 0.7–0.9%) under the fixed-effects model and 0.7% (95% CI = 0.5–1.0%) under the random-effects model, whereas for BS it was 0.6% (95% CI = 0.5–0.8%) and 0.7% (95% CI = 0.4–0.9), respectively. FIGURE 1: Percentage increase in the total daily number of deaths (excluding deaths from external causes) and their 95% confidence intervals associated with an increase of 10 μg/m3 in the levels of particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter in each city. The size of the point representing each increase is inversely proportional to its variance.FIGURE 2: Percentage increase in the total daily number of deaths (excluding deaths from external causes) and their 95% confidence intervals associated with an increase of 10 μg/m3 in the levels of black smoke in each city. The size of the point representing each increase is inversely proportional to its variance.To test the sensitivity of the above results for estimated PM10 series, we excluded the ten cities for which the PM10 series were not originally complete. The combined estimated increase remained similar; that is, a 0.7% increase in deaths was associated with a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10, both under the fixed-effects and the random-effects models (corresponding 95% CI = 0.6–0.9% and 0.5–0.9%, respectively). Table 2 shows results from two-pollutant models combined using multivariate second-stage regression, adjusting in turn for the confounding effects of SO2, O3, and NO2. PM10 associations with total mortality were not substantially confounded by O3 or SO2 concentrations. In contrast, the estimated combined increase in mortality for 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 was reduced by 48% when adjusting for NO2. BS associations with total mortality were slightly confounded by SO2 levels and substantially confounded by the levels of NO2 and O3. When adjusting for NO2, the estimated increase in total mortality associated with 10 μg/m3 increase in BS concentrations was reduced by 55%, whereas, when adjusting for O3, it became larger by 52%. In all of the multivariate second-stage models results, there remained substantial heterogeneity in the other pollutant-adjusted coefficients for PM10 and BS. Table 2: Pooled* Estimates for the Increase in the Total Daily Number of Deaths Associated with PM10 and Black Smoke Increase of 10 gm/m3 (Average of Lags 0 and 1) Adjusting Alternatively for Other Pollutants in Two Pollutant ModelsWe investigated the observed heterogeneity in the effect estimates of both PM10 and BS, taking into account the potential effect modifiers through second-stage regression models. Table 3 shows the change in the PM10 regression coefficient and its 95% CI when an effect modifier was included in the second-stage regression model. It also shows the resulting estimated PM10 effect (that is, the increase in the total daily number of deaths, per 10 μg/m3 increase in daily PM10 concentrations) for a city characterized by a value in the effect modifier equal to the 25th (low) and 75th (high) percentile of the distribution of this particular effect modifier. Among the potential effect modifiers, only those explaining more than 10% of the heterogeneity are presented. Several variables appeared to be effect modifiers. Table 3: Results of Second-Stage Regression Models Investigating the Role of Potential Modifiers* of the Estimated Effects of PM10 on the Daily Number of Total Natural DeathsOf the pollutants considered, NO2 was the most important effect modifier; in a city with low long-term average NO2 concentration, the estimated increase in daily mortality, associated with an increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM10, was 0.19%, whereas in a city with high NO2 it was 0.80%. The other pollutants considered were not important. The ratio of PM10 to NO2 was also important, with a lower ratio associated with a larger PM10 effect. These were followed by temperature, humidity, age-standardized mortality, the proportion of the elderly, and geographic area. In contrast, lung cancer mortality and smoking prevalence were not important. When the best effect modifier from each category (that is, NO2 levels, temperature, and standardized mortality) was included with the others in a second-stage model with three effect modifiers, most of the heterogeneity was explained and the remaining heterogeneity was substantially reduced. Figure 3 shows the scatter plots of the individual city effect parameters for PM10 by the levels of the most important effect modifiers. FIGURE 3: Percentage increase in the total daily number of deaths (excluding deaths from external causes) associated with an increase of 10 μg/m3 in the levels of particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter in each city, according to the levels of selected effect modifiers.In Table 4, the second-stage regression results for BS effect estimates are shown. Geographic area, NO2 concentrations, and temperature were the most important effect modifiers. In a second-stage regression model with four effect modifiers (as described above for PM10, plus geographic area), most of the heterogeneity was explained. Figure 4 shows the scatter plots of the effect parameters for BS by the levels of the most important effect modifiers. Table 4: Results of Second-Stage Regression Models Investigating the Role of Potential Modifiers* of the Estimated Effects of Black Smoke (BS) on the Daily Number of Total Natural DeathsFIGURE 4: Percentage increase in the total daily number of deaths (excluding deaths from external causes) associated with an increase of 10 μg/m3 in the levels of black smoke in each city, according to the levels of selected effect modifiers.The results of second-stage regression models for the effect parameters among deaths in the elderly showed a practically identical pattern, both for BS and PM10 effects, with the coefficients changing at the second or third significant digit. Because NO2 was a confounder in the PM-mortality association, we also tried multivariate second-stage regression models with the estimated effect parameters of PM and NO2 for each city as dependent variables and average long-term NO2 concentrations as a potential effect modifier. This approach gave results on modification of the effect parameters of the PM exposure indicators (PM10 and BS) by NO2 after adjusting for the confounding effects of NO2. NO2 level continued to act as an effect modifier after we adjusted for confounding of its daily fluctuations on the PM effect parameters in each city. Thus, in a city with low NO2 concentration, the adjusted estimated increase in mortality associated with a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 was 0.11% and in a city with high NO2 it was 0.51%, with the corresponding figures for BS being 0.11% and 0.38%. Discussion This study, based on the most extensive database available in Europe until today, confirmed the short-term effects of ambient particle concentrations on the daily number of deaths found in previous studies 7,11,16–18,27–31 and provided new results on confounding and effect modification by a number of variables. We emphasize that even though other pollutants are potential confounders and effect modifiers of the PM10-mortality association, they are also, largely, indices of a complex process shaped by emissions, secondary reactions, the location of fixed-site monitors, and measurement error related to their representativeness of the average population exposure. We found that both PM10 and BS were predictors of daily deaths across Europe, with similar size of the effect estimates. The analyses were restricted to days with concentrations below 150 μg/m3 and hence cannot be interpreted as reflecting the effects of a few high days. This study was based on a much larger database compared with a related previous project (APHEA1) that used data from 12 cities 7 and included mostly BS measurement of particles with very limited gravimetric data. The statistical methods applied here differ from those used before, and a sensitivity analysis comparing methods has been reported. 32 The results found here for BS effects are consistent with those reported from the previous project 32 in which the overall estimated increase per 10 μg/m3 increase in 1-day BS level was 0.6% (95% CI = 0.5–0.7%), when analysis was restricted to days with BS concentrations <150 μg/m3. Within the U.S. NMMAPS project, 11,31 which has just been concluded, the analysis of data from the 90 largest U.S. cities found that PM10 levels were associated with a 0.5% increase in the total daily number of deaths per 10 μg/m3. The effect reported from NMMAPS is slightly smaller than the one found in APHEA2. The APHEA2 estimate is based on a 2-day average PM10 concentration (average of lags 0 and 1), whereas the NMMAPS is based on a 1-day level, and it has consistently been found that exposures based on more than 1-day averages are associated with larger effect estimates. 16–18,22,33 Since the early reports of associations between ambient particles and daily deaths, questions have arisen about the potential for those effects to be confounded by other air pollutants. We have addressed that issue in our analyses using two-pollutant models. We found no evidence for the effects of PM10 to be confounded by SO2 or ozone. BS effects were not confounded by SO2 either but were higher with simultaneous control for ozone. These results are supported by the similar findings of Schwartz, 34 who has recently reported on a multicity analysis of ten U.S. locations, and Samet et al11 and Schwartz et al, 20 who examined two- and three-pollutant models in the 20 largest U.S. cities. On the basis of these large studies, we believe that confounding by SO2 or ozone can be dismissed as an explanatory factor for observed associations with particles. In contrast, we did find evidence that both the PM10 and BS associations were moderately confounded by NO2. These results are different from those reported in the United States, where Samet et al11,31 find no evidence of confounding by NO2. The most obvious explanation for this finding lies in the difference in relative source contribution between European and U.S. cities. In the United States, there are few diesel cars. In contrast, in many European cities, diesel cars approach 50% of all cars. Therefore, motor vehicles are a larger source of urban particles in Europe than in the United States, where they are the predominant source of urban NO2. Hence, it may be more difficult to distinguish between NO2 and particles in Europe than in the United States. If particle measures were only standing for NO2, however, then the results of Samet et al11,31 would be unexpected. Hence, it would be unwise to interpret these results as indicating that half of the particle effects are really the result of NO2. If we consider NO2 to be correlated better with traffic-generated particles (as opposed to particles from other sources), then the NO2-adjusted effect estimates may reflect, to a larger extent, the effects of particles from sources other than traffic. This issue is discussed further below. Ambient particles are a mixture with different physical and chemical characteristics of which the particular health effects are not fully understood. There is growing evidence that particles with a smaller aerodynamic diameter (that is, 10 or even 2.5 μm 35 or perhaps smaller 36) are more relevant for human health. In Europe, BS, a measure of black particles with aerodynamic diameter <4.5 μm has, historically, been the routine indicator of particles. BS, a photometric measure, is converted to mass using the same outdated calibration curve for all locations. As a result, the mass quantities calculated are unlikely to be accurate. PM10 measurements (used to set the PM standard since about 20 years ago in the United States but only recently in Europe) represent all particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm, a mixture of primary and secondary particles from different sources with varying characteristics and levels of toxicity. In the European PEACE project, in which both BS and PM10 were measured in 28 European areas, the PM10/BS ratios ranged from 0.67 to 3.67. 37 PM2.5 has not been routinely measured to any extent so far. Although it is generally accepted that ambient particles have important health effects, it is also recognized that there remain uncertainties concerning the nature of the exposure and the mechanisms of effect. The heterogeneity of single-city effect estimates supports the hypothesis that the composition of particles differs among locations in a way relevant to their health effects. An indirect way (given that, in this situation, it is very difficult to implement experimental designs) to investigate the toxicity of particles according to specific aspects of their particular characteristics is to evaluate the potential effect modification of factors influencing their composition across a number of environments. The extended database available to this study allowed us this possibility. Among the potential effect modifiers identified, an important one is NO2 concentration, an indicator of pollution originating from traffic. The higher the NO2 concentrations (in absolute terms or relative to PM10) the larger the effect observed on mortality. This relation suggests that particles originating from vehicle exhausts are more toxic than those from other sources. Unfortunately, it was not possible to investigate the BS-to-PM10 ratio as an effect modifier in our study, because only four cities provided complete and independent concurrent BS and PM10 measurements. Our conclusion is supported by other work. For example, Laden et al38 have examined the elemental composition of all of the PM2.5 filters from the Harvard Six Cities Study. Using estimates of the daily mass concentration of traffic particles, long-range traffic particles, crustal particles, and particles from local sources in each city simultaneously in a regression for daily mortality, they found associations with particle mass from traffic and from long-range transport. The slope (per μg/m3) of the effect for the traffic particles was twice as great as that for the long-range transport particles. We have also found important effect modification by other variables. The effect parameters estimated are larger in warmer and drier countries. Temperature is a much more important effect modifier than humidity. The results remain the same if latitude is used instead of temperature. A possible explanation for this finding may be that in warmer countries, outdoor fixed-site air pollution measurements may represent the average population exposure better than the measurements in colder climates, as people tend to keep their windows open and spend more time outdoors. This finding is consistent with the larger effect estimates found during the warm season in previous studies. 7,28,29 Other studies, however, have found little difference in effect size estimates by season. 34 In previous reports, 7 we have hypothesized that the health status of a population may be an effect modifier in the PM-mortality association. This hypothesis was confirmed by our finding that the larger the age-standardized mortality rate is (that is, the shorter the life expectancy), the smaller are the estimated PM10 effects. A large age-standardized mortality rate was related to a smaller proportion of elderly persons (Spearman r = −0.33) in this study and, probably, to the presence of competing risks for the same disease entities. It was therefore related to a smaller proportion of individuals belonging to vulnerable groups (for example, those with chronic respiratory diseases) who are more susceptible to PM effects. The only clear effect modifier identified in the previous APHEA project 7 was a geographic separation between Central-Eastern and Western European countries, and the estimates for BS effects found here for these regions are close to the ones reported before. Differences in the levels of the identified effect modifiers may explain the small difference found in the estimated effects between the APHEA2 and NMMAPS projects. In the NMMAPS project, regional differences were found in the effect estimates that were larger in the Northeast of the United States and smaller in the Southeast. The continuing pattern of regional differences in both studies suggests that further work on particle composition as an explanatory factor is warranted. In the analysis by Levy et al, 33 effect modification has also been investigated. Larger increases in mortality were found in populations with a proportion of persons over 65 years of age greater than 13% (0.77%) than in those with a smaller proportion of elderly (0.64%). The most important positive predictor of the effect size was the ratio PM2.5/PM10. In univariate analysis, there was some effect modification by NO2, but in a multivariate model, including ten effect modifiers among which was the ratio PM2.5/PM10, little effect modification by NO2 was observed. Comparing the results for BS and PM10, we find the same effect sizes and modification patterns. The estimates for BS are more heterogeneous and greatly influenced by the effect parameters found in the four Polish cities where BS represents industrial and heating coal combustion as well as traffic. Previous studies have reported larger BS effects. 13,14 These results together with the indications that traffic particles are more toxic, noted above, suggest that continued monitoring of BS, or ethelometric monitoring of carbon, would be of considerable interest and importance for both future studies and assessment of potential health risks, and question the wisdom of abandoning the measure. In conclusion, our results confirm those previously reported in Europe and the United States about the magnitude of the effects of ambient particles on the total daily number of deaths. They also indicate that the heterogeneity found in the PM effect parameters from different cities reflects real effect modification, which may be explained by factors characterizing the air pollution mix, climate, and the health of the population. This finding has important consequences for estimating the air pollution health effects in a specific population and can influence policy and decisions for environmental management. The Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach (APHEA2) collaborative group consists of: K. Katsouyanni, G. Touloumi, E. Samoli, A. Gryparis, Y. Monopolis, E. Aga, and D. Panagiotakos (Greece; coordinating center); C. Spix, A. Zanobetti, and H. E. Wichmann (Germany); H. R. Anderson, R. Atkinson, and J. Ayres (United Kingdom); S. Medina, A. Le Tertre, P. Quenel, L. Pascale, and A. Boumghar (Paris, France); J. Sunyer, M. Saez, F. Ballester, S. Perez-Hoyos, J. M. Tenias, E. Alonso, K. Kambra, E. Aranguez, A. Gandarillas, I Galan, and J. M. Ordonez (Spain); M. A. Vigotti, G. Rossi, E. Cadum, G. Costa, L. Albano, D. Mirabelli, P. Natale, L. Bisanti, A. Bellini, M. Baccini, A. Biggeri, P. Michelozzi, V. Fano, A. Barca, and F. Forastiere (Italy); D. Zmirou and F. Balducci (Grenoble, France); J. Schouten and J. Vonk (The Netherlands); J. Pekkanen and P. Tittanen (Finland); L. Clancy and P. Goodman (Ireland); A. Goren and R. Braunstein (Israel); C. Schindler (Switzerland); B. Wojtyniak, D. Rabczenko, and K. Szafraniek (Poland); B. Kriz, A. M. Celko, and J. Danova (Prague, Czech Republic); A. Paldy, J. Bobvos, A. Vamos, G. Nador, I. Vincze, P. Rudnai, and A. Pinter (Hungary); E. Niciu, V. Frunza, and V. Bunda, (Romania); M. Macarol-Hitti and P. Otorepec (Slovenia); Z. Dörtbudak and F. Erkan (Turkey); B. Forsberg and B. Segerstedt, (Sweden); F. Kotesovec and J. Skorkovski (Teplice, Czech Republic); and M. Pavlovic and D. Simic (Croatia).References 1. Katsouyanni K, Karakatsani A, Messari I, Touloumi G, Hatzakis A, Kalandidi A, Trichopoulos D. Air pollution and cause specific mortality in Athens. J Epidemiol Community Health 1990: 321–324. Cited Here 2. Sunyer J, Saez M, Murillo C, Castellsague J, Martinez F, Anto J. Air pollution and emergency room admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a 5-year study. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 137: 701–705. Cited Here 3. Pope CA III, Dockery DW, Schwartz J. Review of epidemiological evidence of health effects of particulate air pollution. Inhalation Toxicol 1995; 7: 1–18. Cited Here 4. Lipfert F, Wyzga R. Uncertainties in identifying responsible pollutants in observational epidemiology studies. Inhalation Toxicol 1995; 7: 671–689. Cited Here 5. Department of Health. Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollution. Non-Biological Particles and Health. London: HMSO, 1995. Cited Here 6. Katsouyanni K, Schwartz J, Spix C, Touloumi G, Zmirou D, Zanobetti A, Wojtyniak B, Vonk JM, Tobias A, Ponka A, Medina S, Bacharova L, Anderson HR. Short-term effects of air pollution on health: a European approach using epidemiologic time series data. The APHEA protocol. J Epidemiol Community Health 1996; 50: S12–S18. Cited Here 7. Katsouyanni K, Touloumi G, Spix C, Schwartz J, Balducci F, Medina S, Rossi G, Wojtyniak B, Sunyer J, Bacharova L, Schouten JP, Ponka A, Anderson HR. Short-term effects of ambient sulphur dioxide and particulate matter on mortality in 12 European cities: results from time series data from the APHEA project. BMJ 1997; 314: 1658–1663. Cited Here 8. Schwartz J, Dockery DW, Neas LM. Is daily mortality associated specifically with fine particles? J Air Waste Manage Assoc 1996; 46: 2–14. Cited Here 9. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Review of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter: Policy Assessment of Scientific and Technical Information. QAQPS Staff Paper. EPA-45/R-1996:96–013. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1996. Cited Here 10. Commission of the European Communities. Council Directive 96/62/EC on ambient air quality assessment and management. Official J Eur Communities 1996;21.11.96. NO L 296/55. Cited Here 11. Samet JM, Zeger S, Dominici F, Dockery D, Schwartz J. The National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS): Methods and Methodological Issues. Boston, Health Effects Institute, 1999. Cited Here 12. Commission of the European Communities. Council Directive 1999/30/EC relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air. Official J Eur Communities 1999;L163/220.127.116.119. Cited Here 13. Brunekreef B, Janssen NA, de Hartog J, Harssema H, Knape M, Van Vliet P. Air pollution from truck traffic and lung function in children living near motorways. Epidemiology 1997; 8: 298–303. Cited Here 14. Bremner SA, Anderson HR, Atkinson RW, McMichael AJ, Bland JM, Strachan DP, Bower J. Short-term associations between outdoor air pollution and mortality in London 1992–94. Occup Environ Med 1999: 56: 237–244. Cited Here 15. Reponen A, Ruuskanen J, Mirme A, Parjala E, Hoek G, Roemer W, Hosiokangas J, Pekkanen J, Jantunen M. Comparison of five methods for measuring particulate matter concentrations in cold winter climate. Atmospheric Environ 1996; 30: 3873–79. Cited Here 16. Anderson HR, Spix C, Medina S, Schouten JP, Castellsague J, Rossi G, Zmirou D, Touloumi G, Wojtyniak B, Ponka A, Bacharova L, Schwartz J, Katsouyanni K. Air pollution and daily admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 6 European cities: results from the APHEA project. Eur Respir J 1997; 10: 1064–1071. Cited Here 17. Zmirou D, Schwartz J, Saez M, Zanobetti A, Wojtyniak B, Touloumi G, Spix C, Ponce de Leon A, Le Moullec Y, Bacharova L, Schouten J, Ponka A, Katsouyanni K. Time-series analysis of air pollution and cause-specific mortality. Epidemiology 1998; 9: 495–503. Cited Here 18. Spix C, Anderson HR, Schwartz J, Vigotti MA, Le Tertre A, Vonk J, Touloumi G, Balducci F, Piekarski T, Bacharova L, Tobias A, Ponka A, Katsouyanni K. Short-term effects of air pollution on hospital admissions of respiratory diseases in Europe: a quantitative summary of APHEA study results. Arch Environ Health 1998; 53: 54–64. Cited Here 19. Bobak M, Roberts A. Heterogeneity of air pollution effects is related to average temperature. BMJ 1997; 315: 1161. Cited Here 20. Schwartz J, Spix C, Touloumi G, Bacharova L, Barumamdzadeh T, le Tertre A, Piekarksi T, Ponce de Leon A, Ponka A, Rossi G, Saez M, Schouten JP. Methodological issues in studies of air pollution and daily counts of deaths or hospital admissions. J Epidemiol Community Health 1996; 50 (suppl 1): S3–S11. Cited Here 21. Wojtyniak B, Piekarski T. Short term effects of air pollution on mortality in Polish urban populations: what is different? J Epidemiol Community Health 1996; 50 (suppl 1): S36–S41. Cited Here 22. Schwartz J. The distributed lag between air pollution and daily deaths. Epidemiology 2000; 11: 320–326. Cited Here 23. Splus4: Guide to Statistics. Seattle: Data Analysis Product Division, Math Soft Inc, 1997. Cited Here 24. Witte JS, Greenland S, Haile RW, Bird CL. Hierarchical regression analysis applied to a study of multiple dietary exposures and breast cancer. Epidemiology 1994; 5: 612–621. Cited Here 25. Berkey CS, Hoaglin DC, Mosteller F, Colditz GA. A random-effects regression model for meta-analysis. Stat Med 1995; 14: 395–411. Cited Here 26. Berkey CS, Hoaglin DC, Antczak-Bouckoms A, Mosteller F, Colditz GA. Meta-analysis of multiple outcomes by regression with random effects. Stat Med 1998; 17: 2537–2550. Cited Here 27. Vigotti MA, Rossi G, Zanobetti A, Benvenuti A, Repetto F, Bisanti L, Gianelle V, La Vecchia C, Azzolini L. Air pollution and daily mortality among Milan residents 1980–89: preliminary results. Epidemiol Prev 1995; 19: 85–89. Cited Here 28. Ballester F, Corella D, Perez Hoyos S, Hervas A. Air pollution and mortality in Valencia, Spain: a study using the APHEA methodology. J Epidemiol Community Health 1996; 50: 527–533. Cited Here 29. Michelozzi P, Forastiere F, Fusco D, Perucci CA, Ostro B, Ancona C, Palloti G. Air pollution and daily mortality in Rome, Italy. Occup Environ Med 1998; 55: 605–610. Cited Here 30. Anderson HR, Ponce de Leon A, Bland JM, Bower J, Strachan DP. Air pollution and daily mortality in London: 1987–92. BMJ 1996:312:665–669. Cited Here 31. Samet J, Zeger S, Dominici F, Curriero F, Coursac I, Dockery D, Schwartz J, Zanobetti A. Morbidity and Mortality from Air Pollution in the United States. Final Report NMMAPS, Health Effects Institute, Boston, 1999. Cited Here 32. Samoli E, Schwartz J, Wojtyniak B, Touloumi G, Spix C, Balducci F, Medina S, Rossi G, Sunyer J, Bacharova L, Anderson HR, Katsouyanni K. Investigating regional differences in short-term effects of air pollution on daily mortality in the APHEA project: a sensitivity analysis for controlling long-term trends and seasonality. Environ Health Perspect 2001; 109: 349–353. Cited Here 33. Levy JI, Hammitt JK, Spengler JD. Estimating the mortality impacts of particulate matter: what can be learned from between-study variability? Environ Health Perspect 2000; 108: 109–117. Cited Here 34. Schwartz J. Assessing confounding, effect modification, and thresholds in the association between ambient particles and daily deaths. Environ Health Perspect 2000; 108: 563-568. Cited Here 35. Schwartz J, Dockery DW, Neas LM. Is daily mortality associated specifically with fine particles? J Air Waste Manage Assoc 1996; 46: 2–14. Cited Here 36. Peters A, Wichmann HE, Tuch T, Heinrich J, Heyder J. Respiratory effects are associated with the number of ultrafine particles. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155: 1376–1383. Cited Here 37. Hoek G, Forsberg B, Borowska M, Hlawiczka S, Vaskovi H, Welinder H, Branis M, Benes I, Kotesovec F, Hagen LO, Cyrus J, Jantunen M, Roemer W, Brunekreef B. Wintertime PM10 and black smoke concentrations across Europe: results from the PEACE study. Atmospheric Environ 1997; 31: 3609–3622. Cited Here 38. Laden F, Neas L, Dockery DW, Schwartz J. Association of different components of fine particles with daily mortality in six U.S. cities. Environ Health Perspect 2000; 108: 941–947. Cited Here Keywords:air pollution; ambient particles; mortality; time-series; Poisson regression; geographic comparisons Supplemental Digital Content 00001648-920010900-00014.doc; [Word] (23 KB) © 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.View full article text


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The Anacrusis Port Forwarding
The Anacrusis is a four-player, cooperative first-person shooter set aboard a massive starship stranded at the edge of explored space. Team up with your friends in an infinitely replayable fight against alien hordes to unlock perks, weapons, and new ways to play that you can share with your team!
Getting Started With Forwarding Ports on your Router for the Anacrusis
Routers feature a basic firewall. This firewall acts as a security feature by blocking incoming requests from the internet. This way, you will be safe from hacker attempts. However, games such as the Anacrusis play better when you open some ports on your router. Thus, to connect with other gamers online and play seamlessly with no lags and pings, you need Anacrusis port forwarding.
Read on as we give you a step-by-step procedure on how to port forward Anacrusis.
Things You'll Need Beforehand
For successful The Anacrusis Port forwarding, you will need the following details beforehand:
- The IP address of your router;
- The IP address of your gaming console. This could be your PlayStation, PC, or Xbox One.;
- A list of the UDP and TCP ports of The Anacrusis that you will forward.
Finding out Your Router's IP Address
IP addresses identify the devices within a network. These numbers occur in a series separated by dots and will vary depending on your router model. Your router's IP address is an important detail that you must have, yet the most overlooked. With this address, you will be able to log in to your router and access its set up page for configurations such as port forwarding and Wi-Fi password change, among others.
If you are a Windows user, you can find this address using the Command Prompt as follows:
- Click the Start button on your PC and on the Windows Search Bar, type Command Prompt then press Enter.
- On the open Command Prompt window and type ipconfig/all
- You will see your router's IP address next to the Default Gateway.
How to Port Forward The Anacrusis
The port forwarding process improves your gaming experience, yet it seems like a complicated task to many players. However, this process is easy and possible with a few mouse clicks as follows:
- Log in to your router. Routers feature a web interface, implying that you will need a web browser such as Chrome, Microsoft Edge, or Mozilla Firefox to log in. On your chosen browser, enter your router's IP address in the Address Bar and press Enter. This action will open a window prompting you to log in with your credentials. You can then enter your default credentials or updated details if you changed them in the past.
- Navigate to the Port Forwarding section. Once logged in, locate the Port Forwarding section and click it to open.
- Click the Add Service tab and enter your gaming console's IP address in the relevant box. You can also enter a name in the Service box, which should remind you why you created this port forward entry.
- Select the Protocol in the protocol dropdown. If your router has the Both protocol, then you will make one entry. Otherwise, you will create two, one for TCP and the other one for the UDP ports.
- Enter the TCP and UDP ports for Anacrusis in their respective boxes. If you are forwarding a single port, you will enter the port number in both the left and right Global Port Range boxes. Otherwise, enter the highest number in the left and the lowest number in the right Global Port Range boxes if forwarding a range of ports.
- Reboot your router to effect the changes.
- You can then test your ports to see if they are open.
Ports to Forward for The Anacrusis
The following comprises a list of Anacrusis ports that you will forward depending on your device:
The Anacrusis – Xbox One
|88, 500, 3074, 3544, 4500
The Anacrusis – Steam
|27015-27030, 27036-27037
|4380, 27000-27031, 27036
The Anacrusis – Xbox Series X
|88, 3544, 500, 3074, 4500


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15 Zoom backgrounds to put you in the moment
These days, video chats make it easy to collaborate with coworkers and connect with loved ones—but we often find ourselves wishing for a change of scenery.
Luckily, even though you're probably not traveling right now, you can still enjoy a virtual escape. We've created 15 Zoom backgrounds that bring the world to you. Take your pick of the images below to make your next video meeting or virtual happy hour memorable.
Like what you see? Right click any image to download.
The airplane jackpot
No need to choose the aisle or window—or to fight over the armrest with your neighbors—when you get the whole row to yourself.
Aquatic adventure
Indulge your inner child. Even if your favorite aquarium is still out of reach, you can still feel like you're swimming with sharks.
The best of Bali
Lush scenery. Beautiful temples. Friendly people. For a calming, inspiring vibe, look no further than this Bali background.
Beach villa
Sip your morning coffee or afternoon cocktail in paradise. (We can almost feel the breeze and smell the ocean.)
Safari in Botswana
The massive Central Kalahari Game Reserve is home to elephants, giraffes, cheetahs, and more. But until you can visit in person, bring the experience to your home office or dining room table.
Gytheio, Greece
The first Greek destination on our list, this port of ancient Sparta is now a pastel-hued fishing town—and the perfect setting for your next meet-up.
The wilds of Hawaii
Looking to get outside while keeping your social distance? You can't beat the lush greenery and natural beauty of Hawaii.
Borobudur Temple
Pay homage to the world's largest Buddhist temple in Central Java, the second Indonesian destination to make our list.
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Escape to this picturesque island in the Aegean Sea—or at least pretend to. Enjoy your next virtual happy hour on the water with Mykonos' whitewashed buildings and colorful doors behind you.
Italy's Amalfi Coast
Head to Positano, a village on the cliffs of southern Italy. Imagine you're surrounded by glamorous beaches, pebbled streets dotted with cafes and boutiques, and colorful Mediterranean architecture.
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Carpathian Mountains
Wishing you could get off the beaten path? You can't do better than the mountains of Slovakia, known as the "roof of central Europe."
Tropical beach
For those whose vacations tend to include lots of time on the beach with a drink in one hand and a book in the other. No sunscreen required.
Looking for other ways to virtually get away? Explore these virtual tours and experiences around the world.
More Articles With Inspiration
You can have a relaxing soak pretty much anywhere in the country, but if you're looking for a hotel pool experience that is far from average, this list is for you.
Do workcations work? Here's what Americans think about them.
This Lunar New Year, Expedia returns with a "roaring" new set of travel predictions for the Year of the Tiger, developed by popular Hong Kong-based Fengshui Master, Qi Xian Yu.
From adventure to mindfulness, to trying new things and putting our phones away, these are the biggest travel trends you'll see in 2022.


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Another week has ended, in which Teddy finally ha gotten around to work on the infamous cutscene! While there's still a lot of work to be done, the groundwork has been laid and some interesting reveals will take place…
What in the world could the Bag mean? Hang in there and you'll find out in time!
Fred has kept working on stuff for the festival, mainly NPC flavor animations and the such to help the festival feel alive and bustling!
Meanwhile, Vilya has been working on a bunch of different things, including giving the Shady Merchant a shop title of his own:
As mentioned before, he will start selling items you've previously sold to other NPCs, making it possible to buy back stuff you regret parting with. We thought a fun thing to do would be to increase the amount of items surrounding him as you sell more and more stuff to the other shopkeepers. Right now we've made 6 different steps:
There's also a bunch of new hats (and next week there will be even more!):
Vilya also made a bunch of icons for upcoming achievements, including getting 10 and 20 cards, as well as catching all pets & fishes (though the later two won't be implemented until the game is done, as we'll keep adding both pets and fishes until that point):
Aaaaaaand to end this post, there's two more portraits:


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Brad Pitt waves to a crowd of onlookers as he strolls through Venice, Italy on Tuesday (May 28).
The 55-year-old actor was joined by some pals, including artist Thomas Houseago, as they hopped on a boat to ride through the city's famed canals.
Recently, Brad was in France for the Cannes Film Festival in promotion of his movie Once Upon a Time in Hollywood. Brad was joined by his co-stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Margot Robbie at the star-studded Cannes event.