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THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH–REV 17:1-19:5 Part-2
Subject In This Section
17:1 - 19:5 consists of several items on the same subject. Most should not be
difficult to understand; however, it is a challenge to convey the different
items under the various subjects, as many pertain to other subjects as well.
This may be the most difficult chapter in the Revelation to explain on paper.
There are certain main topics (or headings) that need to be understood in advance to aid one in their study. Some of these should be listed next.
1. The "great whore" is the Roman Catholic Church. During at least the first part of the Tribulation, the entire world apparently becomes allied with this church, except those that repent and follow Jesus.
2. The "woman" is the city of Rome.
3. The "beast" may refer to the Antichrist or to the empire of the Antichrist, which includes ten kings.
4. Miscellaneous. The woman (the city of Rome) and the great whore (the Roman Catholic Church) are depicted as being allied together or closely united, even as one. The city of Rome has on its forehead the name denoting the church. In the hand of the woman (which is the city) is the golden cup full of abominations.
5. Babylon, as used in Rev 17:5; 18:2,10,21, may refer to the "great whore" or to the "woman."
Another voice-18:4
The great whore-17:1
John-ref 17:3
The woman-17:3,4,6,7
She persecuted (many verses)
The woman's final judgment (many verses)
A mighty angel-18:21
Those of the sea-18:17-19
The beast-17:7
Ten horns-17:7
Seven kings-17:10
The people-ref 17:8
The Lamb-17:14
The saints-ref 17:14
The apostles-18:20
The prophets-18:20
A great voice of much people-19:1
The four and twenty elders-19:4
The four beasts-19:4
A voice…out of the throne-19:5
AND THERE CAME ONE OF THE SEVEN ANGELS WHICH HAD THE SEVEN VIALS (or
bowls), AND TALKED WITH ME, SAYING UNTO ME, COME HITHER. John is instructed
to come. Then he is told,
I WILL SHOW UNTO THEE THE JUDGMENT (or punishment)
OF THE GREAT WHORE (or prostitute). Rev 19:3 says, HER SMOKE ROSE UP FOR EVER AND EVER.
The "great whore" is the wicked, religious system (false church) during the Tribulation. This religious system is portrayed as a woman or bride: the followers of Jesus are also portrayed as a woman. Jesus is the Bridegroom. The saints are the bride-ref Rev 19:7-9.
This great whore is shown to be an unfaithful woman. She has become a whore and prostituted herself with another, mainly the devil. She has left the true teachings of Christ and turned aside to many false doctrines. She is not only portrayed as a whore, but a "great" whore
THAT SITTETH UPON (or by)
MANY WATERS. As has already been pointed out, the great whore is the Roman Catholic Church. At some point during the Tribulation, she will be judged and destroyed. She will be burnt with fire-ref Rev 17:16.
The many waters ARE PEOPLES, AND MULTITUDES, AND NATIONS, AND TONGUES-Rev 17:15. The Roman Catholic Church encompasses many peoples, multitudes, nations, and languages. This shows it has tremendous influence upon people.
The message of Jesus to the church of Thyatira was clear. Those that do not repent of this deceptive, intoxicating teaching of the Roman Catholic Church will most certainly be CAST… INTO GREAT TRIBULATION-Rev 2:22. The Roman Catholic Church itself will not repent, but will continue her false teachings. Once the true church is removed in the Rapture, she will even experience revival and flourish for a time. The people of the world will flock to this false religion.
(And) WITH WHOM THE KINGS OF THE EARTH HAVE COMMITTED FORNICATION (or
adultery, or went whoring with her). The kings of the earth have allied themselves
with this "great whore." They have committed spiritual fornication
with her. They have rejected Jesus Christ.
AND (also)
THE INHABITANTS (or people)
OF THE EARTH HAVE BEEN MADE DRUNK (or were intoxicated)
WITH THE WINE OF HER FORNICATION (or adulteries, or whoring). Not only have the kings of the earth rejected Jesus in favor of the
"great whore," the inhabitants of the earth have done the same. They have become drunk or intoxicated with her enticing, sinful, pleasurable, and deceitful teachings and ways. They have become intoxicated with sin. As a man can be enticed by a beautiful whore that offers him pleasure through fornication, so the "great whore" entices people. They become as a drunkard, fully intoxicated with wicked spiritual fornication. The whole earth becomes corrupted by this whore-ref Rev 19:2.
Consider a person who begins to drink. As he drinks more and more, he becomes numb to reality and truth. So it is with those who drink of the deceptions of this "great whore." Their minds are taken captive with the whore's deceptive doctrines.
SO HE CARRIED ME AWAY IN THE SPIRIT INTO THE WILDERNESS (or desert):
AND I SAW A WOMAN. The woman represents a great city-ref Rev 17:18. That great city is clearly shown to be "Rome." John saw this woman (or city)
SIT UPON A SCARLET COLOURED BEAST. The "beast" has two meanings. The "beast" by itself is another name for the Antichrist. However, the term "beast" is also used to describe the empire of the Antichrist, which includes ten kings. During the second part of the Tribulation, the Antichrist will rule the entire world for 1260 days. The woman (city of Rome) is shown sitting upon the "beast." It is
FULL OF NAMES OF BLASPHEMY. The city is full of cursing and blasphemy against God.
As the Scriptures continue, the city of Rome, the Roman Catholic Church, the Antichrist, and his empire, are all portrayed as being united or part of each other, during the first part of the Tribulation.
The beast is shown as
Note in the following verses that the red dragon and the beast have seven heads.
A GREAT (or enormous) RED DRAGON, HAVING SEVEN HEADS-Rev 12:3.
A BEAST RISE (or come) UP OUT OF THE SEA, HAVING SEVEN HEADS-Rev 13:1.
AND HERE IS THE MIND WHICH HATH WISDOM (or this calls for a mind with wisdom). THE SEVEN HEADS ARE SEVEN MOUNTAINS (or hills), ON WHICH THE WOMAN (or city) SITTETH-Rev 17:9. It is a well-known fact that the city of Rome sits on seven hills.
AND THERE ARE SEVEN KINGS: FIVE ARE FALLEN, AND ONE IS (living now), AND THE OTHER IS NOT YET COME-Rev 17:10.
The seven heads are seven mountains, and there are seven kings.
The beast (which is the Antichrist and his empire) is pictured with
TEN HORNS. The ten horns represent TEN KINGS-Rev 17:12. These ten kings are believed to come from the EEC. Which ten kings, nations, or divisions are being portrayed here is not clear at this time.
WAS ARRAYED (or dressed)
IN PURPLE AND SCARLET COLOR, AND DECKED (or glittered)
WITH GOLD AND PRECIOUS STONES AND PEARLS. The Scriptures are relating a rich and beautiful city. Again, clearly, Rome is being depicted.
The city is shown as
HAVING A GOLDEN CUP IN HER HAND. In verse 5, the Bible shows that the city and the religious whore are as one. The city of Rome is, indeed, one with the Vatican. The golden cup should be well-known to all Roman Catholics. Here the golden cup is shown being held in the hand of the city, another vivid example of the city of Rome with the Roman Catholic Church.
Consider a golden cup. On the outside, it is beautiful and glamorous. It seems to illustrate something pure and elegant. The outside of the cup seems to reflect godliness and spirituality. However, this golden cup of the Catholic Church, which is being held in the hand of the city of Rome, is not beautiful on the inside. It is full of death and poison. It is
FULL OF ABOMINATIONS (or abominable things)
AND FILTHINESS (or obscene and filthy things)
OF HER FORNICATION (or adulteries, or produced by her whoring). The inside of the beautiful, golden cup is filth. There is fornication and spiritual whoredom against Jesus Christ. The outward beauty is really a deception that covers or conceals the filthiness within.
The world accepts the golden cup as beautiful and true, in Rev 17:1; however, God shows it is full of abominations, obscenities, and filthy things.
AND UPON HER FOREHEAD WAS A NAME WRITTEN. Upon the forehead of
the city of Rome, a name was written—that name is not Jesus. The name
written "upon the forehead" signifies what the city follows. For example,
the 144,000 Jews have their Father's name written in or on their foreheads-ref
Rev 14:1. The unsaved have the mark of the beast in or on their right hand or
forehead-ref Rev 13:16,17. The woman (the city of Rome) has written on her forehead,
MYSTERY (or with a hidden meaning),
BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS (or prostitutes, or whores)
AND (of the)
ABOMINATIONS (or obscenities)
OF THE EARTH. The name of the "great whore" (which is the Roman Catholic Church) is written upon Rome's forehead. Rome follows this church. They seem inseparable.
"MYSTERY" denotes something secretive. Outwardly, it appears to be one thing, but inwardly, it is altogether different. This indicates that the masses do not know what this church really is, as only a select few would be entitled to know the mystery.
"BABYLON THE GREAT" conveys that this church is actually a manifestation of the old Babylonian cult. The Babylonian religion continues to flourish through this church, yet remains a mystery to the masses. They have been deceived into thinking that this religion was ordained from the God of heaven; when, in truth, they are following the deceiver. (Note part 3C, "The Great Whore and City" and "What is the Connection Between the Roman Catholic Church and the Great Whore?") Even though this is shown through the Scriptures, the world will continue to reject the truth, just as they reject the testimony of the two witnesses of God.
"THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS" expresses that this religion is the mother of all whores (or false ways). This false religion dates way back to Babel or Babylon. It appears that during the Tribulation it will swallow up all false religions. All, whose names are not written in the book of life, may become allied with or part of this vast, one-world system of religion. It can be expected that all Protestant churches, cults, agnostics, atheists, and all other churches left behind in the Rapture will become part of the "great whore" of Rome.
"THE MOTHER OF...ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH" again relates that this Babylonian cult is the mother or originator of all that is vile and obscene in the earth.
This sect is now incorporated into the Roman Catholic Church, but the hundreds of millions of people that are part of this church do not know or understand it, neither will they believe it. As this mother of abominations killed multitudes of God's people, during the dark ages, she is expected to do the same during the Tribulation.
This false religion dominates Rome.
The Catholic Church is the inheritor of the Babylonian cult, the evil religious system of Babylon.
AND I SAW THE WOMAN (the city)
DRUNKEN WITH (or from)
THE BLOOD OF THE SAINTS (or God's people),
AND WITH THE BLOOD OF THE MARTYRS (or witnesses)
OF JESUS (or who bore testimony to Jesus-NIV):
AND WHEN I SAW HER, I WONDERED WITH GREAT ADMIRATION (or was altogether astounded). Rome is pictured as being drunk with the blood of God's people. History has recorded that countless numbers of saints were slaughtered in Rome. Reportedly, many were fed to the lions. During the Tribulation, the slaughter of Christians can be expected to continue.
John is astounded at what he saw.
AND THE ANGEL SAID UNTO ME, WHEREFORE DIDST THOU MARVEL (or why
are you astounded)?
I WILL TELL (or explain to)
THEE THE MYSTERY (or hidden meaning)
OF THE WOMAN (which is the city),
AND OF THE BEAST (which is the Antichrist and his empire)
THAT CARRIETH HER (or she rides),
WHICH HATH THE SEVEN HEADS (or seven hills on which the city of Rome sits-ref Rev 17:9)
AND TEN HORNS (which are ten kings-ref Rev 17:12).
THE BEAST (which, in this case, is the Antichrist)
THAT THOU SAWEST (once)
WAS, AND (now)
IS NOT; AND SHALL ASCEND (or come up)
OUT OF THE BOTTOMLESS PIT (or Abyss),
AND GO INTO PERDITION (or it is on its way to destruction-JNT177). Apparently, at the midst of the Tribulation, when the Antichrist's deadly wound is healed, a spirit will come out of the bottomless pit to occupy his body. This spirit "was" once alive before the Revelation was written (before approximately 96 or 97 A.D.); it "is not" alive, meaning when the Revelation was written; however, it shall come up out of the bottomless pit" at some future date. Nevertheless, the Antichrist will ultimately go into "perdition or destruction"-ref Rev 17:11.
AND THEY (the inhabitants)
THAT DWELL ON THE EARTH SHALL WONDER, WHOSE NAMES WERE NOT WRITTEN IN THE BOOK OF LIFE FROM THE FOUNDATION (or founding, or creation)
OF THE WORLD (will be astonished),
WHEN THEY BEHOLD (or see)
THE BEAST THAT (once)
WAS, AND (now)
IS NOT, AND YET IS (to appear or will come). The people of the world that will perish to hell, "whose names were not written in the book of life from the foundation of the world," will be astonished when they see this person that was alive prior to 96 A.D., but was not alive around 96 A.D., but now is alive during the Tribulation—the Antichrist.
There is much speculation as to who this person might be. He appears to have lived either during the time of Christ or before. Some believe it might be Nebuchadnezzar or Antiochus Epiphanes. Others think, perhaps, Judas. This is because the Antichrist is called the "son of perdition," in 2 Thes 2:3, and Judas was also called the "son of perdition," in Jn 17:12. At this point, we do not know who it will be. Some believe it might even be Satan.
AND HERE IS THE MIND WHICH HATH WISDOM (or this calls for a mind
with wisdom-NIV).
THE SEVEN HEADS (which were mentioned in Rev 17:3)
ARE SEVEN MOUNTAINS (or hills),
ON WHICH THE WOMAN (or city)
SITTETH. Rome sits on seven hills or mountains. It is reported that ancient Babylon sat on a plain not on mountains.
AND THERE ARE SEVEN KINGS: FIVE ARE FALLEN, AND ONE IS (living now),
AND THE OTHER IS NOT YET COME; AND WHEN HE COMETH, HE MUST CONTINUE A SHORT SPACE (or a little while). Seven kings are mentioned here. The date that the Revelation was written was around 96 or 97 A.D. This verse states five kings are fallen. These five kings (or possibly kingdoms) fell prior to the Revelation being written. "One is," is referring to a king that existed when this was written. The other that "is not yet come" is referring to the Antichrist. The Antichrist must continue a short space (or a short time) after he comes. He will reign, in Jerusalem, for 3 ½ years.
The following are the seven kings (or kingdoms).
Five are fallen:
1. Egypt
2. Assyria
3. Babylon
4. Medo-Persia
5. Greece
One is:
6. Roman Empire
Is yet to come:
7. Revived Roman Empire, the EEC (the Antichrist)
8. The Antichrist is the eighth and is of the seven
Some believe that the seven represent seven emperors of the Roman Empire. Five were dead, one existed at the time this was written, and another was yet to come. Others believe that the seven represent seven forms of government in the Roman Empire.
WAS, AND (now)
IS NOT. This was explained under Rev 17:8.
EVEN HE IS THE EIGHTH (king),
AND IS OF (or comes from)
THE SEVEN. The Antichrist is the eighth king, but he comes from one of the seven. The Antichrist shall ultimately go
INTO PERDITION (or is on its way, or going to his destruction). Dan 9:26 shows that the Antichrist shall be of the people that would come and destroy Jerusalem, which happened approximately 70 A.D. Those that came were of the Roman Empire.
AND THE TEN HORNS (mentioned in Rev 17:7,3)
WHICH THOU SAWEST ARE TEN KINGS (the ten horns represent ten kings),
WHICH HAVE RECEIVED NO KINGDOM AS YET (or have not yet begun to rule-JNT178);
BUT RECEIVE POWER (or authority)
AS KINGS (for)
ONE HOUR (along)
WITH THE BEAST (or the Antichrist). These ten horns (or kings) are believed to represent ten nations of the EEC or ten regions.
THESE HAVE ONE MIND (or one purpose),
AND SHALL GIVE THEIR POWER (or hand over their power)
AND STRENGTH (or authority)
UNTO THE BEAST (or Antichrist).
The Rapture occurs. Immediately after, it is believed that the Antichrist takes over the EEC. He confirms a covenant with Israel and other nations. At about this time, ten kings apparently give their power and strength to the Antichrist. It is quite possible that when the Antichrist rules the world, it will be divided up into ten parts (or regions).
THESE (ten kings)
SHALL MAKE (or go to)
WAR WITH (or against)
THE LAMB (which is Jesus),
AND THE LAMB (Jesus)
SHALL OVERCOME (or defeat)
THEM. When Jesus returns at the Battle of Armageddon, these ten kings shall go to war against Him, but they shall be defeated,
FOR HE (Jesus)
IS. Next are more descriptions of Jesus.
KING OF KINGS. The name of Jesus is above every name-ref Phili 2:9. (Note Rev 19:16.)
AND THEY THAT ARE WITH HIM (or will be His). The saints are with Jesus when He returns to this earth at Armageddon. The saints
ARE CALLED, AND CHOSEN, AND FAITHFUL (followers) (and...will overcome along with Him-JNT179). The term "Lord of lords" is another description of Jesus. The term "King of kings" is yet another. This list began at Rev 1:5 and continued to Rev 5:14. After that, the next descriptions were found in Rev 11:17; 15:3; and 17:14.
saints are first "called." When God calls them to trust in Him and
Him alone for their salvation, they respond and say yes.
The saints are "chosen." It is written, MANY BE CALLED, BUT FEW CHOSEN-Mt 20:16; ref Mt 22:14. Once a person is called and responds positively to the call of Jesus, he will go through many tests. Most will never bear any good fruit. They will not allow Jesus to rule over them. They will not deny themselves. They say yes to Jesus, but then refuse to surrender themselves to Him. They will not allow Jesus (the Word) to be the Lord of their life. Thus, they are not chosen. Their faith was not genuine. Some begin to bear good fruit, but Satan deceives them, and they shrink back.
The saints are "faithful." The true saints of God are called, chosen, and faithful. They obey God's Word. They are faithful when Jesus calls them to go here or there, or to do this or that. Their love is reflected by their faithful obedience to His commandments. They bring forth good fruit.
The saints that return with Jesus, at Armageddon, are all of these things.
AND HE SAITH UNTO ME, THE WATERS WHICH THOU SAWEST (ref Rev 17:1),
WHERE THE WHORE (or prostitute)
SITTETH, ARE PEOPLES, AND MULTITUDES (or crowds),
AND NATIONS, AND TONGUES (or languages). The Scriptures reveal clearly that the religion (or whore) in the city of Rome is a worldwide religion, encompassing peoples, and multitudes, and nations, and languages.
AND THE TEN HORNS (or the ten kings)
WHICH THOU SAWEST UPON (or and)
THE BEAST (or Antichrist). The ten kings that are united with the Antichrist and give their power to him,
THESE SHALL HATE THE WHORE (or prostitute). The ten kings shall hate the Roman Catholic Church.
AND (they)
SHALL MAKE HER DESOLATE (or bring her to ruin)
AND (leave her)
NAKED, AND SHALL EAT HER FLESH, AND BURN (or consume)
The ten kings shall utterly destroy the Roman Catholic Church. Some believe the Roman Catholic Church will try to compete with the Antichrist. Consequently, when the Antichrist moves into the temple in Jerusalem and proclaims himself to be God, at that time, the "great whore" shall be destroyed. Others believe that it will occur at the time of the seventh vial—the approximate time that Jesus returns.
Exactly when the whore is destroyed is not clear in the Scriptures. It seems to be during the midst or second part of the Tribulation. (Note Rev 18:2, for additional information.) The wording of other translations seems to indicate the ten kings and the Antichrist hate the whore and shall destroy her.
FOR GOD HATH PUT IN THEIR HEARTS TO FULFILL HIS WILL (or do what
will fulfill His purpose-JNT180),
AND (or that is)
TO AGREE (or be of one mind),
AND GIVE THEIR KINGDOM (or power to rule)
UNTO THE BEAST (or Antichrist),
UNTIL THE WORDS OF GOD SHALL BE FULFILLED (or have accomplished their intent).
It has been said that there are 10,385 prophecies in the Bible. Up to this point, every single one has come true without exception. How can this be? God has the power to put in people's hearts to do exactly what He wants accomplished. He has the power to cause people to agree to whatever He decrees. He is God.
What is written in the Bible will come to pass. God put in the hearts of the ten kings to agree to give their kingdom to the Antichrist. Nothing can change God's Word. When God opens a door, no man can shut it. When God closes a door, no man can open it-ref Rev 3:8.
(or rules) OVER THE KINGS OF
THE EARTH. The woman is mentioned in Rev 17:3,4,6,7. This verse confirms that the "woman" represents that great city, "Rome." During at least part of the Tribulation, Rome shall rule over the kings of the earth.
HAVING GREAT POWER (or authority);
AND THE EARTH WAS LIGHTENED (or illuminated)
WITH HIS GLORY (or splendor). Some believe this angel could be Jesus; however, the angel is not identified. This angel has great power; the earth is illuminated by his presence. The exact time that this occurs is also unclear.
AND HE CRIED (or shouted)
MIGHTILY WITH A STRONG VOICE, SAYING, BABYLON THE GREAT IS FALLEN, IS FALLEN. The word "Babylon" is first used, in the Revelation, in 14:8. It is also used in Rev 16:19; 17:5; 18:2,10,21. In Rev 18:10,21, Babylon is clearly shown to be the city of Rome. In Rev 17:5, it represents the "mother of harlots" or the "great whore." The two are shown to be inseparable.
We can surmise from this that when the term "Babylon is fallen" is used, it is talking about the "great whore." When the term "is fallen" is used the second time, it denotes the city. Thus, it may be said, The great whore is fallen, and the city of Rome is fallen. Some believe that one "fallen" could be referring to "old" Babylon, and the other "fallen" to the Roman Catholic Church or Rome. Some maintain that the fulfillment of the Old Testament verses on the destruction and desolation of "old" Babylon have yet to be fulfilled. They believe old Babylon will be rebuilt. One might wonder what will remain of Iraq and Iran after the destruction of the forces that come against Jerusalem and Israel, in the first part of the Tribulation. Old Babylon was located in, what today is called, Iraq. Some have also suggested that the Antichrist may change the name of Rome to Babylon during the Tribulation.
The destruction
of the whore is covered in Rev 17:16; 19:2,3.
No wailing or mourning of the people is mentioned.
The length of time for her destruction is not specifically given.
She is destroyed by the ten kings and possibly the beast-ref Rev 17:16.
Her judgment is by the Lord-ref Rev 19:2.
She is destroyed by fire-ref Rev 17:16.
The whore may be destroyed about the time the Antichrist declares himself to be God; however, this is unclear in the Scriptures.
destruction of the woman is covered in Rev 18:2,8-10,17-21.
There is great mourning-Rev 18:8.
Her judgment comes in one hour-ref Rev 18:10.
The Lord God judges her-ref Rev 18:8.
She shall be burned with fire-ref Rev 18:8.
She shall be thrown down with violence-ref Rev 18:21.
The destruction of the whore and the city are similar, but there are certain differences. It is possible that these are two separate events, occurring at different times. There is no mention of the ten kings destroying Rome as they do the great whore. Should the great whore be destroyed around the beginning of the second part of the Tribulation, it seems that the ten kings would be present in Rome to do so. The Antichrist, however, should be at the temple in Jerusalem. (Note Rev 18:8.)
The destruction of Rome may not come until later in the Tribulation or near the end of the Tribulation. It seems certain that it will not be at the time of Armageddon, because the merchants and shipmasters are crying over her. If it were at the time of Armageddon, they should be fleeing for their lives and saying TO THE MOUNTAINS AND ROCKS, FALL ON US, AND HIDE US FROM THE FACE OF HIM THAT SITTETH ON THE THRONE, AND FROM THE WRATH OF THE LAMB-Rev 6:16. Again, the Scriptures are not clear, regarding the exact time that Rome shall be destroyed; it could possibly be near the end of the Tribulation.
Nevertheless, the ten kings appear to be present at Armageddon-ref Rev 17:14.
18:2 continues,
AND (she)
IS BECOME THE HABITATION (or home)
OF DEVILS (or demons),
AND THE HOLD (or haunt, or prison)
OF EVERY FOUL (or evil, or unclean)
SPIRIT, AND A CAGE (or haunt, or prison)
OF EVERY UNCLEAN AND HATEFUL (or hated, or detestable)
BIRD. The judgment of Babylon (or Rome) is revealed in Rev 17:16 and 18:8. In one hour, she shall be burnt with fire by the ten kings. The results of the destruction of Rome are, she becomes the home of devils, and the prison of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird. Rev 18:21 shows that the city will not be found anymore.
Note the words:
"Home" of devils.
"Haunt or prison" of every unclean spirit.
"Cage, or haunt, or prison" for every unclean and hateful bird.
(or of God's fury)
OF (or caused by)
HER FORNICATION (or whoring). The nations of the world have received the wine of God's wrath, which was caused by Rome's fornication or whoring.
AND THE KINGS OF THE EARTH HAVE COMMITTED FORNICATION (or went whoring)
WITH HER. The kings of the earth have committed fornication with Rome.
Fornication is mentioned seven times, from Rev 17:1 through Rev 19:5. Three times it is mentioned in connection with the great whore. Twice it is mentioned in connection with the city. Twice it is mentioned in connection with the name of Babylon.
Rev 17:2-twice in connection with the whore.
Rev 17:4-in connection with the city.
Rev 18:3-twice in connection with the name of Babylon.
Rev 18:9-in connection with the city.
Rev 19:2-in connection with the whore.
AND THE MERCHANTS OF THE EARTH (or world's businessmen)
ARE WAXED (or have grown)
RICH THROUGH THE ABUNDANCE OF HER DELICACIES (or love of luxury). Rome is a very influential and prosperous city, attracting
the world's businessmen and political leaders. It has enabled them to become rich through things that people desire. It is located near the Mediterranean Sea.
The woman is also being identified as a very influential and prosperous center of international commerce.
AND I HEARD ANOTHER VOICE FROM HEAVEN, SAYING. Except for the interruption
in v.21, this "another voice" speaks from verses 4-24.
This voice said,
COME OUT OF HER, MY PEOPLE, THAT YE BE NOT PARTAKERS (or share)
OF HER SINS, AND THAT YE RECEIVE NOT (or will not be infected)
OF (any of)
HER PLAGUES. God's people are being given a commandment, even a very stern warning — come out of Babylon. Then God gives the reasons: by remaining in Babylon (Rome), they will be partakers of or share in her sins and will be destroyed right along with the city of Rome and the Roman Catholic Church.
This is sin by association. If a person is with others that commit a crime, he is also considered guilty of that crime. It is written, IF THERE COME ANY UNTO YOU, AND BRING NOT THIS DOCTRINE, RECEIVE HIM NOT INTO YOUR HOUSE, NEITHER BID HIM GOD SPEED: FOR HE THAT BIDDETH HIM GOD SPEED IS PARTAKER OF HIS EVIL DEEDS-2 Jn 10,11. The Bible commands, BE YE NOT UNEQUALLY YOKED TOGETHER WITH UNBELIEVERS-2 Cor 6:14. God told Lot to get out of Sodom-ref Gen 19:12-17. God tells His saints to get out of Babylon.
By remaining in Rome, the saints will be partakers of her sins and evil deeds, which are many.
FOR HER SINS HAVE REACHED (or are a sticky mass piled up-JNT181)
UNTO HEAVEN, AND GOD HATH REMEMBERED HER INIQUITIES (or crimes). This is not to say that God had ever forgotten her sins, but rather that the time for her judgment (because of her sins) is at hand. These are the sins of the woman (or Rome). God has remembered her blasphemy, her fornication, her sorceries, her self-glory and confidence. He has remembered her persecution and drunkenness with the blood of the saints. In her was found the blood of saints, prophets, and apostles.
REWARD (or give back to)
HER EVEN AS SHE REWARDED (or rendered to)
YOU, AND DOUBLE (or pay back)
UNTO HER DOUBLE ACCORDING TO HER WORKS (or what she has done):
IN THE CUP WHICH SHE HATH FILLED (or use the cup in which she has brewed-JNT182)
FILL TO HER DOUBLE (sized drink or double portion). The woman's sins have accumulated over a very long period of time. God will see
that she is paid back double for all that she has done. Rome is destroyed.
HOW MUCH SHE (the city)
HATH GLORIFIED HERSELF (or glory and luxury she gave herself-NIV),
AND LIVED DELICIOUSLY, SO MUCH TORMENT (or torture)
AND SORROW (or grief)
GIVE HER: FOR SHE SAITH IN HER HEART (or boasts),
SHALL SEE NO SORROW (or will never mourn).
Rome has glorified herself and lived deliciously. She says in her heart that she sits as a queen, she is no widow, and she'll see no sorrow.
THEREFORE SHALL HER PLAGUES COME IN ONE (single)
DAY, DEATH, AND MOURNING (or sorrow),
AND FAMINE; AND SHE SHALL BE UTTERLY BURNED (or consumed)
WITH FIRE: FOR STRONG (or mighty)
IS. Next is another description of Jesus.
Several things appear to be different here with the destruction of the city of Rome, as compared with the annihilation of the Roman Catholic Church.
Rome is destroyed in one day. The length of time for the destruction of the whore is not given.
Rome's destruction includes death, mourning, famine, and being utterly burned with fire. Regarding the whore's destruction, only being burnt with fire is mentioned.
Rome's destruction is the Lord Who judges her. The destruction of the whore is by the ten kings to fulfill the will of God. (Note Rev 18:2.) The whore's judgment is by the Lord-ref Rev 19:2.
Two subjects are included here: what the kings have done and their reaction
to the woman's destruction—she is burned with fire.
AND THE KINGS OF THE EARTH, WHO HAVE COMMITTED FORNICATION (or went whoring, or committed adultery with her) AND
LIVED DELICIOUSLY (or shared her luxury)
WITH HER, SHALL BEWAIL HER, AND LAMENT (or sob) (or weep and mourn)
FOR HER, WHEN THEY SHALL SEE THE SMOKE OF HER BURNING (as she burns). Do not confuse these kings with the ten kings. They are not the same.
The kings of the earth are
STANDING AFAR OFF (or at a distance)
FOR THE FEAR (or terrified)
OF HER TORMENT, SAYING, ALAS, ALAS (or Oh no!) (or Woe! Woe),
THAT GREAT CITY BABYLON (which clearly is Rome)
THAT MIGHTY CITY (or city of power)!
FOR IN ONE (single)
HOUR IS THY JUDGMENT (or doom)
COME. This is showing how fast things can change. This was a thriving city; people were living in pleasure and comfort. It seemed as though she would never see any sorrow or destruction. One hour later, this great city of commerce is destroyed—never to be rebuilt. In the eyes of the world, perhaps, billions of dollars of precious merchandise had gone up in fire and smoke.
The kings are standing off in the distance (apparently on land). They are afraid. Again, note the words, a great city and a mighty city, referring to the woman (which is called Babylon).
In Rev 18:8, the destruction of the woman was mentioned as occurring in one day. In this verse, it narrows it to one hour.
The fact that the kings, merchants, ship captains, and sailors are seen in the distance might suggest there was some kind of warning that this great destruction was about to happen. Yet, if this is so, the warning must have been very brief, as the great wealth of merchandise seems to have remained in the city; as it is written, in v.11-NO MAN BUYETH THEIR MERCHANDISE (or cargoes) ANY MORE. Also, it is written, IN ONE HOUR SO GREAT RICHES IS COME TO NOUGHT-Rev 18:17.
Apparently, when this takes place, many people are killed, as the word "death" is mentioned in Rev 18:8.
In this verse, the subject changes from the kings of the earth to the merchants
of the earth.
AND THE MERCHANTS OF THE EARTH (or world's businessmen)
SHALL WEEP AND MOURN OVER HER; FOR NO MAN BUYETH THEIR MERCHANDISE (or cargoes) ANY MORE. Clearly, this city is a great commercial center, affecting business around the world. In verses 12, 13, and 16, approximately 28 commodities are mentioned.
THE MERCHANDISE (or stocks, or cargoes)
OF GOLD, AND SILVER, AND PRECIOUS STONES (or gems),
AND OF PEARLS, AND FINE LINEN, AND PURPLE, AND SILK, AND SCARLET (cloth),
AND ALL THYINE (or citron, or rare)
WOOD, AND ALL MANNER VESSELS (or articles)
OF IVORY, AND ALL MANNER VESSELS OF MOST PRECIOUS (or scented, or costly)
WOOD, AND OF BRASS (or bronze),
AND CINNAMON (and spice or cardamom),
AND ODOURS (or incense),
AND OINTMENTS (or myrrh),
AND FRANKINCENSE, AND WINE, AND OIL, AND FINE FLOUR, AND WHEAT (or grain),
AND BEASTS (or cattle),
AND SHEEP, AND HORSES, AND CHARIOTS, AND SLAVES (or bodies),
These prophecies give some insight into the generation in which we are now living. Of particular interest is "ivory" in v.12. This would indicate that the slaughter of elephants will continue. "Chariots" would indicate vehicles, perhaps automobiles, trucks, and buses. In v.13, the word "slaves" is used. This may also mean "bodies." One might wonder if this simply means "slaves" or body parts marketed for transplantation, experimentation, or other uses. Also the words, "souls of men" are mentioned.
The list of items begins with gold and ends with souls of men. Consider, the multitude of souls, over the centuries, that have been destroyed by Rome. Apparently, the driving force behind it all may be summed up in a few words—money, lusts, desires, luxury, and greed. Do not these words also characterize this generation in which we live?
Consider, the world seems to be going more and more in the direction of a global economy.
Such terms as "the Internet or information superhighway, global economy, cashless society, a one-world system, world trade agreements, various world organizations, and the new world order" were seldom, if ever, heard back in 1980. Part of Europe is already going in the direction of a unified currency, the elimination of borders in regard to trade, unified passports, and other items not mentioned.
Near the beginning of the Tribulation (perhaps immediately after the Russian-Arab invasion of Israel is over), the European Economic Community is expected to emerge as the leading world economy and promoter of this one-world system. This is the direction that the world is heading and will continue to go in this generation. The central core of these verses may be summed up in three words, "the European Economic Community."
The voice from v.4 continues,
AND THE FRUITS THAT THY SOUL LUSTED (or longed)
AFTER ARE DEPARTED (or gone) FROM THEE, AND ALL THINGS
WHICH WERE DAINTY AND GOODLY (or the luxury and flashiness, or your riches and splendor)
ARE DEPARTED (or vanished)
FROM THEE (or have been destroyed),
With the destruction of the woman (called Babylon, which is Rome), it may be more difficult for the kings, merchants, and those that make their living from the sea to find some of the things they lusted after.
The merchants were introduced in v.11 and continue in this verse.
THE MERCHANTS (or sellers)
OF THESE THINGS, WHICH WERE MADE RICH (or gained their wealth)
BY HER. In 18:11, it mentions the merchants of the earth. Here, it says, "the merchants of these things." The merchants of these things have become rich through their dealings with Rome. They
SHALL STAND AFAR OFF (or at a distance)
FOR THE FEAR (or terrified)
OF HER TORMENT, WEEPING AND WAILING (or mourning). Apparently, the livelihood of these merchants that were made rich through Rome has come to an end. They are found crying.
The kings, merchants, and those that make their living from the sea are all described as standing at a distance. None seem to be trying to save any of the merchandise. None seem to be trying to get close to the burning city. Perhaps, the burning is so intense that it is not possible to get very close. It appears they are afraid.
The merchants say,
ALAS, ALAS (or Oh no!) (or Woe! Woe),
THAT GREAT CITY (which is Rome),
THAT WAS CLOTHED IN FINE LINEN, AND PURPLE, AND SCARLET, AND DECKED (or glittered)
WITH GOLD, AND PRECIOUS STONES, AND PEARLS! Another description is given of the splendor and wealth of this great city.
FOR IN ONE HOUR SO GREAT RICHES (or such great wealth)
IS COME (or brought)
TO NOUGHT (or ruined). Verse 10 said that in one hour the great city's judgment came. In this verse, one hour is repeated; then, it is stated that "so great riches is come to nought or ruined." The fact that a city, as large as Rome, could be so utterly burned in such a short time, leaves one wondering—how this is possible? The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah comes to mind.
In the midst of verse 17, those that have to do with the sea are mentioned.
AND EVERY SHIPMASTER (or sea captain),
AND ALL THE COMPANY (or who travel)
IN SHIPS, AND (the)
SAILORS, AND AS MANY AS TRADE (or earn their living)
BY (the)
SEA, STOOD AFAR OFF (or at a distance).
AND CRIED (or exclaim)
WHEN THEY SAW THE SMOKE OF HER BURNING, SAYING, WHAT CITY IS LIKE UNTO THIS GREAT CITY! They seem to be indicating that no city in the world is like Rome.
18:19. AND THEY CAST (or threw)
SAYING, ALAS, ALAS (or Oh no!) (or Woe! Woe),
THAT GREAT CITY (which is Rome),
WHEREIN WERE MADE RICH ALL THAT HAD SHIPS IN THE SEA BY REASON OF HER COSTLINESS (or the abundance of her wealth-JNT183)! Verse 15 mentions the merchants were made rich. In this verse, the statement is made that all that had ships were made rich. They were made rich, because of the abundance of the wealth of Rome.
In v.10, the kings had said, "In one hour is thy judgment come."
In v.17, the merchants had said, "In one hour so great riches is come to nought."
In this verse, passengers and those whose living had to do with the sea, said,
FOR IN ONE (single)
HOUR IS SHE MADE (or brought)
DESOLATE (or ruined). This also indicates that this city is near the sea.
REJOICE OVER HER, THOU HEAVEN, AND YE (people of God or saints)
HOLY APOSTLES (or emissaries)
AND PROPHETS; FOR GOD HATH AVENGED (or vindicated)
YOU ON HER (for the way she treated you-NIV). Rome had brutally persecuted and killed both apostles and prophets. But now these are being told to rejoice, because God had avenged His people against Rome. (Note, apostles did not exist during the days of old Babylon.)
In Rev 17:16, the ten kings burnt the great whore with fire.
In this verse, God is shown to have been responsible for the destruction of Rome. Death, mourning, famine, and fire shall come against Rome. In one hour, she shall be destroyed and made desolate. How God accomplishes the destruction of Rome is not revealed. Does He use the ten kings, or the Antichrist, or a volcanic eruption, or a great object falling from the sky, or some other means unknown to us? Exactly when the destruction of the woman takes place is also not revealed; however, many surmise that it will take place somewhere near the end of the Tribulation.
AND A MIGHTY ANGEL TOOK UP A STONE (or boulder) LIKE A GREAT MILLSTONE,
AND CAST (or hurled) IT INTO THE SEA,
SAYING, THUS WITH VIOLENCE SHALL THAT GREAT CITY BABYLON (or the woman, or Rome)
BE THROWN (or hurled) DOWN,
AND SHALL BE FOUND NO MORE AT ALL. The city shall not be found; however, it becomes a place of devils, foul spirits, unclean and hateful birds-ref Rev 18:2.
fallen-18:2; found no more at all-18:21
In one day-18:8
In one hour-18:10,17,19
Mourning, famine-18:8
Utterly burned with fire-18:8; ref 18:9,18
The smoke of her burning-18:9,18
Thrown down with violence-ref 18:21
Illustrated by a giant millstone thrown into the sea-ref 18:21
Judged by the Lord God-ref 18:8
AND THE VOICE (or sound)
OF HARPERS, AND MUSICIANS, AND OF PIPERS (or flute players),
AND NO CRAFTSMAN (or worker of any trade),
AND THE SOUND OF A MILLSTONE (or mill)
SHALL BE HEARD NO MORE AT ALL IN THEE. Verse 22 appears to include two groups: those that play instruments (or entertainers) and workers of any occupation.
18:23. AND THE LIGHT OF A CANDLE (or lamp)
SHALL SHINE NO MORE AT ALL IN THEE; AND THE VOICE OF THE BRIDEGROOM AND OF THE BRIDE SHALL BE HEARD NO MORE AT ALL IN THEE. No light shall be found in the destroyed city, neither any marriages. Rome is completely destroyed. It has no future. It shall never be rebuilt.
FOR THY MERCHANTS (or businessmen)
WERE THE GREAT MEN (or most powerful)
OF THE EARTH. The extent of the riches of Rome can be illustrated by the greatness of its merchants.
FOR BY THY SORCERIES (or magic spell)
WERE ALL NATIONS DECEIVED (or led astray). Rome captivated people. She seemed to have a hold on them. The nations of the world were deceived by her.
The word "sorceries" (pharmakeia) can carry the meaning of medication, pharmacy, magic, sorcery, or witchcraft. Does this suggest illegal drug use?
AND IN HER (the woman, the city of Rome)
WAS FOUND THE BLOOD OF PROPHETS, AND OF SAINTS (or God's people),
AND OF ALL THAT WERE SLAIN (or slaughtered, or killed)
UPON THE EARTH. In the city of Rome, was found the blood of prophets and saints. Rome has been responsible for killing multitudes of God's people.
Compare the second part of this verse "of all that were slain upon the earth," with Mt 23:35-THAT UPON YOU MAY COME ALL THE RIGHTEOUS BLOOD SHED UPON THE EARTH, FROM THE BLOOD OF RIGHTEOUS ABEL UNTO THE BLOOD OF ZACHARIAH SON OF BARACHIAS, WHOM YE SLEW BETWEEN THE TEMPLE AND THE ALTAR.
The "another voice," which began in 18:4, appears to end with v.24.
word "alleluia" (or, it may be said, a form of rejoicing or praise
ye the Lord) appears only four times in the New Testament. It is in Rev 19:1,3,4,
and 6.
In v. 1, alleluia - by much people, for God has judged the great whore.
In v. 3, alleluia - by much people, the smoke of the whore rose up for ever and ever.
In v. 4, alleluia - by the 24 elders and 4 living beings.
In v. 6, alleluia - by a great multitude, because the Lord God omnipotent reigneth.
AND AFTER THESE THINGS. After the city of Rome has been destroyed, as
well as the whore,
I (John)
HEARD A GREAT VOICE (or roar)
OF MUCH PEOPLE (or a huge crowd)
IN HEAVEN, SAYING (or shouting). The scene now changes to heaven. There is a huge crowd. This great voice that was coming forth from them was saying,
ALLELUIA; SALVATION (the victory),
AND GLORY, AND HONOR, AND POWER, UNTO THE LORD (or belong to)
The huge crowd is worshiping and glorifying God, and saying,
FOR TRUE AND RIGHTEOUS (or just)
ARE HIS JUDGMENTS: FOR HE HATH JUDGED (or condemned)
THE GREAT WHORE (or prostitute). God's judgments are true and righteous, for He judged the Roman Catholic Church. This vast heavenly crowd goes on to say of this "great whore," WHICH DID CORRUPT THE EARTH WITH HER FORNICATION (or whoring, or adulteries, or immorality).
(She) did corrupt the earth with her fornication-ref Rev 19:2.
The kings of the earth have committed fornication (with her)-ref Rev 17:2.
The inhabitants of the earth have been made drunk with the wine of her fornication-Rev 17:2.
She made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication-Rev 14:8.
The kings of the earth have committed fornication with her-Rev 18:3.
And the kings of the earth, who have committed fornication…with her-Rev 18:9.
For all nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication-Rev 18:3.
verse continues,
AND HATH AVENGED THE BLOOD OF HIS SERVANTS AT HER HAND. God has avenged His servants against the great whore. Ultimately, the unrepentant will be judged. Those that have come against God's servants will, eventually, receive the punishment due them.
AND AGAIN THEY SAID, ALLELUIA. AND HER SMOKE ROSE UP (or goes up)
FOR EVER AND EVER. The final end and everlasting result of the great whore's sins is that her smoke will rise up for ever and ever.
However, no such prophecy is given for the city, but rather she shall be found no more-ref Rev 18:21; devils, foul spirits, unclean and hateful birds will dwell there-ref Rev 18:2. The smoke rising up from the great whore may bring to remembrance the souls that perished for ever and ever.
AND THE FOUR AND TWENTY ELDERS (or 24 elders)
AND THE FOUR BEASTS (or living beings, or creatures)
FELL DOWN AND WORSHIPED GOD THAT SAT ON THE THRONE, SAYING, AMEN; ALLELUIA. The huge crowd has been worshiping and giving glory to God. Now the 24 elders and the four beasts say, "Amen, Hallelujah!"
A command comes forth for all of God's servants, who fear Him, to give Him praise.


text:
My Dharma Bro. BRAD WARNER has written (HERE) that we are not Zen "Clergy" ... or at least, he is not "Clergy". He writes ...
Zen has to be just a little bit dangerous. If it's not, it ceases to be Zen. The reason that Zen can go as deeply as it does into the question of what it means to be truly human comes in a large part because it's not entirely safe. The safer, more rule-bound, more structured and organized it becomes, the shallower and less valuable it gets. Nobody gets hurt (supposedly) but nobody learns much of anything either.
I completely agree, except that I don't. In fact, I totally disagree, except that Brad is totally right. Anyway, what one does is more important than some artificial name or category. Beyond names and mental categories.
Our Teacher, GUDO WAFU NISHIJIMA, was a Traditionalist (as seen in the picture over there with the funny hat and fly swatter), except when he wasn't at all. Sometimes he taught us to follow "Old Timeless Traditions", but often he told us to make "New Timeless Traditions" fitting for our culture and times. Sometimes he told us that his way was to be "his way or the highway", except when he let us go our own way. Sometimes he stuck closely to every word and rule of Dogen, except when he didn't.
So, are we artisans? clergy? artists? wandering musicians? ministers? comedians? priests? rabbis? bakers or candle stick makers?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Hi All!
I love good debates and discussions (don't get me started!!) :wink: I can (and often will) go on all night!
But a Zen Sangha must be a place primarily of silence. We must talk some about our Practice, but only with great reluctance. We can reason about what we "do". But often, the more we reason and analyze, the further we are from its truths. (In that regard, it is precisely the difference between silence, and talking about silence). A Zen Sangha is an endless silent retreat, with a few words of guidance and encouragement here and there.
We all have to be careful about getting caught by the racing mind. Ideas are fascinating, but there can be too many sometimes to allow for sound Zen Practice (which requires a solid dose of "quiet" ... a Practice of "non-thinking"). That does not mean that we should do without all words or discussion ... far from it. But we should often keep to a philosophy of "less is more". Do you know that, in Chinese and Japanese painting (like Zen Practice) ... the portion that speaks the greatest truths is empty space?
The way to practice silence and simplicity is so often silence and simplicity.
How about I make a suggestion to everybody in the Sangha (except folks who never or infrequently post ... THEY SHOULD POST MORE! ): Cause yourself to skip two out of three postings you wish to make, and answer with silence.
It is like Mushin's excellent practice of looking for the space between breaths (which I fully support ... just not during Shikantaza). We need to respond to more ideas and questions with silence and simplicity, the spaces between words ... not animated conversations in the hallways. PLEASE DON'T STOP POSTING AND COMMUNICATING (just like we should not stop breathing), keep great thoughts and inspirations coming to be shared by all, but be reserved ... hesitant to speak ... of few words ...
Sometimes, maybe most times, we can best talk about "Zen" ... and these topics ... with stillness, silence, a Buddha's smile.
By the way, the foregoing applies to everybody but me ... because every word out of my mouth is pure gold! :shock:
Am I clear, or have I said too much?
Gassho, Jundo


text:
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This topic provides basic information about normal labor and delivery. If you need information on pregnancy, other types of childbirth, or the first 6 weeks after childbirth (postpartum), see:
At the end of the third trimester of pregnancy, your body will begin to show signs that it is time for your baby to be born. The process that leads to the birth of your baby is called labor and delivery. Every labor and delivery includes certain stages, but each birth is unique. Even if you have had a baby before, the next time will be different.
Giving birth to a baby is hard work. It can also be scary, thrilling, and unpredictable. Learning all you can ahead of time will help you be ready when your time comes.
There are three stages of labor. The first stage includes early labor and active labor. The second stage lasts through the birth, with the baby traveling down and out of the birth canal. The third stage is after the birth, when the placenta is delivered.
Stage one. The muscles of the uterus start to tighten (contract) and then relax. These contractions help to thin (efface) and open (dilate) the cervix so the baby can pass through the birth canal.
Stage one has three phases:
Stage two. The cervix is dilated completely and the baby is born.
Stage three. This stage occurs after the baby is born. You have contractions until the placenta is delivered.
Having a support person, trying different positions, or using breathing exercises may help you cope with labor pain. You also can listen to music or use imagery to distract you and help you relax. Some women labor in water or take a shower.
Many women ask for pain medicine, such as an epidural injection, which partially or fully numbs the lower body. Even if you plan to not use pain medicine (natural childbirth), it can be comforting to know that you can get pain relief if you want it.
Getting regular exercise during pregnancy will help you handle the physical demands of labor and delivery. Try adding Kegel exercises to your daily routine. They strengthen your pelvic floor muscles. This helps prevent a long period of pushing during labor.
In your sixth or seventh month of pregnancy, consider taking a childbirth education class with your partner or support person. It can teach you ways to relax and the best ways for your support person to help you.
There are many decisions to make about labor and delivery. Before your last weeks of pregnancy, be sure to talk to your doctor or nurse-midwife about your birthing options and what you prefer.
You can write down all of your preferences as a birth plan. This gives you a chance to state how you would most like things to be handled. Just keep in mind that it is not possible to predict exactly what will happen during labor and delivery.
Now you get to hold and look at your baby for the first time. You may feel excited, tired, and amazed all at the same time.
If you plan to breastfeed, you may start soon after birth. Don't be surprised if you have some trouble at first. Breastfeeding is something you and your baby have to learn together. You will get better with practice. If you need help getting started, ask a nurse or breastfeeding specialist (lactation consultant).
In the hours after delivery, you may feel sore and need help going to the bathroom. You may have sharp, painful contractions for several days as your uterus shrinks in size.
Health Tools help you make wise health decisions or take action to improve your health.
During your prenatal visits, talk with your doctor or midwife about your labor and delivery options. You may want to write them down as a birth plan. It's an ideal picture of what you would like to happen.
But try to be flexible. No labor and delivery can be predicted or planned. So give yourself permission to change your mind at any time. And be prepared for your childbirth to be different from what you planned. If an emergency arises, your doctor has a responsibility to ensure both your safety and your baby's safety. You may still share in decisions, but your choices may be limited.
When you are writing your birth plan, think about:
This is also a good time to decide whether you'll attend (if you haven't already) a childbirth education class, starting in your 6th or 7th month of pregnancy.
To help you get started on writing a birth plan, fill out the My Birth Plan form . Take it to your next appointment to discuss your wishes with your doctor or midwife.
You may feel more calm and prepared for labor if you know what is likely to happen when you get to the hospital.
Most hospitals and birthing centers have birthing rooms where women can labor, deliver, and recover. Providing that you have an uncomplicated birth, you can probably be in the same birthing room for your entire stay. If your delivery becomes complicated, you can be quickly moved to a delivery room equipped to handle the problem.
If you arrive at the hospital or birthing center in early labor that is progressing quickly, you can expect some or all of the following:
Before your baby is born, plan ahead about:
No one can predict when labor will start. One woman can have all the signs that her body is ready to deliver, yet she may not have the baby for weeks. Another woman may have no advance signs before she goes into active labor. First-time deliveries are harder to predict.
Late in your pregnancy, your doctor or midwife will tell you what to do when you think you are in labor. Early labor can be different for every woman. At first, your contractions may not be regular, and they may happen only now and then.
You may have signs that early labor is not far off.
The key to knowing when you're in labor is that the contractions start to get longer, stronger, and closer together. You will feel them even when you change positions and are walking or moving around. After a while, it will become hard for you to talk during a contraction. You may have to stop to focus on your breathing.
Many women stay at home during early labor. During this time, it's important to know when to call your doctor or midwife.
You or someone else should call 911 or other emergency services immediately if you think you may need emergency care. For example, call if you:
Call your doctor now or go to your hospital's labor and delivery unit immediately if you:
You can choose from several types of pain relief for childbirth. These include medicine or breathing techniques, as well as comfort measures. You also can use a combination of these choices.
There are many ways to reduce the stresses of labor and delivery. "Natural" childbirth techniques (without medicine) may help reduce pain and help you feel a sense of control during labor. Consider:
Other techniques that don't use medicine to control pain include:
Your options for pain relief with medicine may include:
Some pain-relief medicines aren't the type that you would request during labor. They are used as part of another procedure or for an emergency delivery. But it's a good idea to know about them.
Most babies are born in a vaginal delivery. But in some cases, other types of delivery occur by choice or because of an emergency.
During labor, the uterus contracts regularly to thin and open (efface and dilate) the cervix and push the baby out through the birth canal. It can take many hours or days for the cervix to open all the way so you can begin pushing.
A cesarean section is the delivery of a baby through a cut (incision) in the mother's belly and uterus. It is often called a C-section. In most cases, a woman can be awake during the birth and be with her newborn soon afterward.
A C-section may be planned or unplanned. In most cases, doctors do cesarean sections because of problems that arise during labor. For more information, see the topic Cesarean Section.
In the past, a woman who had one C-section delivery had to have all of her other babies by C-section. But depending on the reason for your first C-section and the type of incision that was made, you may be able to deliver your next baby vaginally.
For more information, see the topic Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC).
The process of having a baby occurs in several stages over many hours or even a few days—from early labor through delivering the baby and the placenta. During labor, contractions in your uterus open your cervix and move the baby into position to be born.
Early labor
Early labor is often the longest part of the birthing process, sometimes lasting 2 to 3 days. Uterine contractions:
It's common for women to go to the hospital during early labor and be sent home again until they are in active labor or until their "water" breaks (rupture of the membranes). This phase of labor can be long and uncomfortable.
Active labor
The active stage of labor starts when the cervix is about 3 cm (1.2 in.) to 4 cm (1.6 in.) dilated. This stage is complete when the cervix is fully effaced and dilated and the baby is ready to be pushed out.
Compared with early labor, the contractions during active labor are more intense and more frequent (every 2 to 3 minutes) and longer-lasting (50 to 70 seconds). Now is the time to be at or go to the hospital or birthing center. If your amniotic sac hasn't broken before this, it may now.
As your contractions get stronger, you may:
To learn more about pain medicine, see Managing Pain.
The end of active labor is called the transition phase. As the baby moves down, your contractions become more intense and longer and come even closer together.
When you reach transition, your delivery isn't far off. During transition, you will be self-absorbed, concentrating on what your body is doing. You may be annoyed or distracted by others' attempts to help you but still feel you need them nearby as a support. You may feel increasingly anxious, nauseated, exhausted, irritable, or frightened.
A mother in first-time labor will take up to 3 hours in transition, and a mother who has vaginally delivered before will usually take no more than an hour. Some women have a very short, if intense, transition phase.
The second stage is the actual birth, when the baby is pushed out by the contractions. This pushing stage can be as short as a few minutes or as long as several hours. You are more likely to have a fast labor if you have given birth before. During the second stage:
Your medical staff will be ready to handle anything unexpected. This is a time when your doctor or nurse-midwife will be deciding what is best for you and your baby.
After your baby is born, your body still has some work to do. This is the third stage of labor, when the placenta is delivered. You will still have contractions. These contractions make the placenta separate from the inside of the uterus, and they push the placenta out. Your medical staff will help you with this. They will also watch for any problems, such as heavy bleeding, especially if you have had it before.
You may be given some medicine to help the uterus contract firmly. Oxytocin (such as Pitocin) may be given as a shot or in a vein (intravenously) after the placenta is delivered. Oxytocin is given to make your uterus shrink and bleed less. (This is the same medicine that is sometimes used to make contractions more regular and frequent during labor.) Breastfeeding right away can also help the uterus shrink and bleed less.
The third stage can be as quick as 5 minutes. With a preterm birth, it tends to take longer. But in most cases, the placenta is delivered within 30 minutes. If the placenta doesn't fully detach, your doctor or nurse-midwife will probably reach inside the uterus to remove by hand what is left inside. Your contractions will continue until after the placenta is delivered, so you may have to concentrate and breathe until this uncomfortable process is complete.
In most cases, you don't have to lie in bed the whole time you're in labor. (If you have an epidural or have certain health problems, you may have to stay in bed.) You can choose whichever position feels most comfortable. You may want to walk, sit on a big rubber ball, or kneel. The position that feels best for you may change as you move through labor:
Moving around and changing positions during labor may help you feel more comfortable and might help reduce the length of labor.footnote 5
Birthing positions for pushing include squatting, reclining, or using a birthing chair, stool, or bed. You may find that certain positions are more comfortable than others during the pushing stage. Speak to your doctor or midwife about different birthing positions before your labor begins.
In some cases, a woman may need medical help to give birth. For instance, labor may stall, or the baby may need help to get through the birth canal. Sometimes what starts as a routine vaginal birth may end in a cesarean delivery to make sure the mom and baby are safe.
Electronic fetal heart monitoring and vaginal exams are standard practice during labor, but other procedures are used as needed.
Sometimes your doctor may need to use different procedures to help deliver the baby.
You may feel excited, tired, and amazed all at the same time after delivery. You may feel a great sense of calm, peace, and relief as you hold, look at, and talk to your baby.
During the first hour after the birth, you can also expect to start breastfeeding, if you plan to breastfeed.
If you breastfeed, don't be surprised if you and your baby have some trouble doing it at first. Breastfeeding is a learned technique, so you will get better at it with practice. You may have a breastfeeding specialist (lactation consultant) in the hospital to help you get started.
For information about getting a good start with breastfeeding and preventing problems, see:
You may have shaking chills right after delivery. This is a common reaction in the hours after delivery. A warm blanket may help you feel more comfortable.
During the first hours after the birth, your health professional or a nurse will:
You may also have:
CitationsHodnett ED, et al. (2013). Continuous support for women during childbirth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (7). DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003766.pub5. Accessed July 18, 2014.Cluett ER, Burns E (2009). Immersion in water in labour and birth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2).Smith CA, et al. (2006). Complementary and alternative therapies for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4).Cunningham FG, et al. (2010). Forceps delivery and vacuum extraction. In Williams Obstetrics, 23rd ed., pp. 511–526. New York: McGraw-Hill. Lawrence A, et al. (2009). Maternal positions and mobility during first stage labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2).
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Kikkerland plastic case for contact lenses in a yellow submarine design.
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link: "https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2007664035/",
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alt:'Image from Prints and Photographs Online Catalog -- The Library of Congress'
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Construction of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., Nov. 1, 1893
- Title: Construction of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., Nov. 1, 1893
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Handy, Levin C. (Levin Corbin), 1855-1932 , photographer
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Errata for Velocity Conference New York 2014: Video Compilation
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Fourth edition of the best-selling Cambridge English C1 Advanced course, providing Official exam Preparation. Everything you need to be confident on exam day.
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Jules Hobo With Dreamy Land Floral Print
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Free agency is the most common way players change teams in this day and age, but what about the good old-fashioned trade? Lots of big name players get moved every winter. Last year, former All-Stars Heath Bell, Justin Upton, James Shields, Ervin Santana, Josh Johnson, Mark Buehrle, Jose Reyes, RA Dickey, Martin Prado, and Mark Melancon all changed addresses, while 2013 breakout stars Tyson Ross, Yan Gomes, and Wil Myers all also found new homes. That doesn't even consider guys like Shin-Soo Choo, Jordan Walden, Chris Johnson, and John Jaso, who were all traded and were all excellent contributors for their clubs in 2013.
That trend will once again continue this offseason. Players will sign as free agents with new teams, and more will be traded to new teams, especially considering the weak state of the free agent market this offseason. But which players are the most likely to get dealt? Here are ten, though there could be many more.
1. David Price. With two years of arbitration left and eight figures in salary coming in each, the small market Rays really won't be able to afford Price anymore. He's more than likely going to be dealt for a package of young talent, much like Tampa Bay did last year with Shields, and the club will be better off in the long run, as much as that might hurt the fanbase to admit. Considering the free agent market really lacks a dominant ace, Price could bring back a hefty return for the Rays.
2. Josh Willingham. The Twins don't *need* to trade Willingham. After all, he's only making $7 million in 2014, his final year of a three-year deal signed prior to the 2012 season. But the Twins don't look like they're going to contend next year, so why not try to get rid of Willingham and his balky knees to save a little money and maybe get a young pitcher? They did it this summer with Justin Morneau, and I'd expect them to do the same with Willingham, even if he doesn't give the team a return like last winter's trades of Denard Span and Ben Revere.
3. Adam Dunn. The issue with Dunn isn't "do they want to?", it's "does anyone want him?" Chicago owes their DH $15 million in 2014, and he's coming off of a season where he hit just 34 home runs, his lowest total in a season with at least 500 plate appearances since 2002, when a 22-year old Dunn hit 26 bombs. Combine this year with his disastrous 2011, and his tenure with the Pale Hose has been terrible. Managing to pare his salary from the payroll would be a huge feather in the cap of GM Rick Hahn.
4. Mark Trumbo. If you're the Angels, you're in a difficult position with Trumbo. Mike Trout and Kole Calhoun need to play every day. Josh Hamilton and Albert Pujols are both aging and are going to need days off at DH. Peter Bourjos should be the first man off the bench to play the outfield. Essentially, that would make Trumbo the caddy of Pujols, which isn't too good for a guy with a sub-.300 OBP and 30 homer pop, There's just no room for him in Anaheim anymore, even with Pujols' never-ending injury issues. Trumbo is also one of the few trade assets that an Angels organization lacking a solid farm system has to upgrade a pitching staff that desperately needs an infusion of new blood.
5. Dan Uggla. Uggla's in the same boat as Dunn. The Braves would love to trade him, but does anyone even want him? Uggla's due $13.2 million in each of the next two seasons from Atlanta, and his offensive numbers have fallen into a steep decline over the past three years. Any question about Uggla's future in Atlanta was answered when he was left off of the NLDS roster and light-hitting utility man Elliot Johnson got the starting nod at second base.
6. Adam LaRoche. The Nationals are in a tough position with LaRoche. He'll be 34 on Wednesday, and his offensive numbers took a decisive step back in 2013 after a fantastic 2012. He's making $12 million in 2014, and the defensive issues of Ryan Zimmerman at third base are going to necessitate a shift across the diamond sooner rather than later, which will allow Anthony Rendon to move back to his natural position of third. The weak first base market could make moving him easier than expected, though.
7. Giancarlo Stanton. They say it's not going to happen. The Marlins keep talking about Giancarlo Stanton as a building block for the future and a key piece of their 2014 team. But honestly, who actually believes them? Trading Stanton would bring in a bounty of prospects, both of the major league ready and far-off varieties. It would also probably end up being the last straw for disgusted Marlins fans and would intensify calls for Jeffrey Loria's head on a silver platter.
8. Rickie Weeks. Weeks is in a position similar to that of Uggla, in that the Brewers are definitely going to try to dump him…but does anyone want him? Weeks will make $12 million in 2014 after playing in just 104 games this past season, hitting .209/.306/.357. After the great, albeit probably unsustainable, production by Scooter Gennett in the second half, Weeks' time with Milwaukee seems about up.
9. Andre Ethier. The Dodgers have four outfielders for three positions. The most talented of the four is the cheapest. The most expensive is the most injury prone. Of the two remaining, which do you trade? The older of the two is Carl Crawford, who is also the more expensive of the two. That leaves us with Ethier, who is guaranteed a minimum of $71.5 million over the next five years. He'll be 32 in April and can't his lefties at all anymore. Los Angeles is going to need to eat a ton of his contract to move him, but if Matt Kemp doesn't get a clean bill of health following offseason shoulder and ankle surgery, I'd imagine they'd hold on to Ethier at least until Kemp is good to go.
10. Chase Headley. The Chase Headley rumors will only end when he's traded or signs a long-term contract. The Padres have shot down rumor after rumor about their third baseman getting traded, but with the team treading water in 2013 and Headley's offensive production taking a step back, maybe this offseason is finally the time he'll get dealt. He'll be a free agent after the 2014 season, so it's go-time for Josh Byrnes in relation to Headley.


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