text:
A development blog of what Con Kolivas is doing with code at the moment with the emphasis on linux kernel, MuQSS, BFS and -ck.
Monday 16 January 2012
This is an upgrade to BFS 416, trivial bugfixes and a resync from 3.1.0-ck1 . I've changed the versioning to not specify a 3 point release since it usually applies to successive 3 point releases for some time.
Apply to 3.2.x:
Broken out tarball:
Discrete patches:
BFS by itself:
Code blog when I feel like it:
Each discrete patch usually contains a brief description of what it does at
the top of the patch itself.
Full patchlist:
P.S. What this really means is I finished playing zelda.
56 comments:
- Anonymous16 January 2012 at 19:00
Thanks, and please stop playing videogames, I need timely bfs updates :P j/kReplyDelete
working fine here on three machines, with added BFQ v3r2. :)ReplyDelete
One little problem BFQ not register in kernel:ReplyDelete
[0.000000] Linux version 3.2.1 (micron@*****) (gcc version 4.6.2 (GCC) ) #1
SMP Mon Jan 16 20:54:16 EET 2012
[6.338228] io scheduler noop registered
[6.338230] io scheduler deadline registered
[6.338291] io scheduler cfq registered
Missing line with BFQ registered (default)
In kernel config:
# IO Schedulers
# CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEADLINE is not set
# CONFIG_DEFAULT_CFQ is not set
# CONFIG_DEFAULT_NOOP is not set
And thanks CK for your work.
Best regars
gl hf
BFQ has nothing to do with CK.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous19 January 2012 at 04:05
@ Micron: you should report bfq related problems here: http://groups.google.com/group/bfq-ioschedReplyDelete
I do find the following in my dmesg:ReplyDelete
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler bfq registered (default)
i use a last patch 3.2.0-v3r2 and to list in dmesgReplyDelete
oki i write to bfq team in google and wait for info..
- Anonymous19 January 2012 at 09:42
How`s the latency measurements?ReplyDelete
- Anonymous19 January 2012 at 11:32
BFS runs very well, this is an output of my own script on a Gentoo running linx-3.2.1-ck1-92queuedpatchesReplyDelete
#+ .# #- +- .# 58.5 0:33 SLl chrome @15s@ 15.6 1:17 Sl firefox
.. -. -# -= -. 58.9 0:37 SLl chrome @20s@ 15.5 1:17 Sl firefox
#+ #. ++ -= .# 59.0 0:40 SLl chrome @25s@ 15.3 1:17 Sl firefox
.. ## ## .. .. 57.3 0:41 SLl chrome @30s@ 15.2 1:17 Sl firefox
.. == ## .. .. 55.4 0:43 SLl chrome @35s@ 15.1 1:17 Sl firefox
.. .. .. .. .. 53.9 0:44 RLl chrome @40s@ 14.9 1:17 Sl firefox
.. .. .. .. +# 52.5 0:46 SLl chrome @45s@ 14.8 1:17 Sl firefox
.. =- .. .. .. 51.0 0:47 SLl chrome @50s@ 14.7 1:17 Sl firefox
.. .. .. .. .. 49.8 0:48 SLl chrome @55s@ 14.5 1:17 Sl firefox
.. .. .. ## .. 48.7 0:50 SLl chrome @60s@ 14.4 1:18 Sl firefox
Chromium showing an Aljazeera live newsTV. Left the points and double crosses shows the intel core2-duo frequences. After five frequences mesurement there is an insertion of the two topmost top output:
They contiously go down. From nearly 60 percent to 38. Also firefox.
I don't know if these two self adjusting applications are programed to do it. Or if your BFS scheduler adjusts throughput.
CK please write my to mail to private contact to you...ReplyDelete
Thank you for the 3.2 release. It's working very well for me. How was the game? How many hours did it take for you to complete it?ReplyDelete
By the way, I made a new blog about tips and tweaks for Linux. I'm going to write an article soon about how to patch and recompile the kernel with ck and bfq on dpkg/apt based systems. You can find my blog here: http://tux9656.blogspot.com/
- Anonymous25 January 2012 at 04:44
It would be nice if you could provide a git tree. This might already have been asked before, but that would facilitate code exchange. Setting up a forked tree on GitHub is really trivial.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous26 January 2012 at 03:19
It has been asked before, CK said he doesn't do git for bfs because of the way he ports his code. Can't blame him, the patch is not so complex as to require git.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous13 February 2012 at 17:43
Um, and here's BLD, a new... scheduler? https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/2/12/64ReplyDeleteReplies
That's a load distribution algorithm for the existing CFQ scheduler. Didn't you even read the first line in the post you linked to? :-PDelete
- Anonymous16 February 2012 at 02:04
But doesnt this algorithm sound like BFS. And the goal of having minimum calculations with quasi no heuristics?Delete
I would like some response from Con Kolivas about this!
[Ralph Ulrich]
This indeed does reproduce one aspect of BFS and behaves more like a global queue, but from a completely different approach. This inherently should lead to lower latencies on SMP machines, but may also decrease throughput substantially if poorly done. It does not, however, address the issue of how to order tasks such that the interactive ones go first based on pure fairness, and leaves that aspect still the CFS run/sleep algorithm. So it makes for a halfway point between CFS and BFS. It's hard to know if it's the best of both worlds... or the worst without testing :)Delete
I'm having an interesting time building for Ubuntu here. :)ReplyDelete
Just wanted to say that these instructions seem to work: http://blog.avirtualhome.com/2012/01/13/compile-linux-kernel-3-2-for-ubuntu-11-10/
I just finished building 3.2.0 w/ latest Ubuntu patches, with the CK patchset and BFQ scheduling included. Everything patches cleanly and the process was smooth.
Installed. Rebooting ...
Yay! So far so good. Thank you!ReplyDelete
- halo9en15 February 2012 at 21:18
Hey all,ReplyDelete
Any thoughts on the effectiveness and/or impact on performance of the mm-decrease_default_dirty_ratio-1, mm-background_scan and mm-lru_cache_add_lru_tail-2 patches in -ck?
In particular I've heard mixed opinions on the vm_dirty_ratio/dirty_background_ratio values for desktops, e.g. here http://groups.google.com/group/zen_kernel/browse_thread/thread/655c055d7175df2d/
- Anonymous16 February 2012 at 05:43
Using 3.2.6:ReplyDelete
$ patch -p1 < ../patches/mm-idleprio_prio-1.patch
patching file include/linux/sched.h
Hunk #1 FAILED at 39.
1 out of 1 hunk FAILED -- saving rejects to file include/linux/sched.h.rej
patching file mm/vmscan.c
Hunk #1 FAILED at 2103.
1 out of 1 hunk FAILED -- saving rejects to file mm/vmscan.c.rej
Used BFS 2.6 kernel for a while on Ubuntu 10.10 -> switched to Fedora since 11.04, but used stock kernel, until Cinnamon came out to replace Gnome Shell, which led me to go back to Ubuntu 11.10 -> came back and checked out BFS, used the whole afternoon to build the kernel, now everything's back to normal. The responsiveness improvements are just there. Totally worth it.ReplyDelete
Now this is my desktop box with a Athlon X2 5000+, 2G DDR. Slow as hell with the stock Ubuntu kernel. ck1 on 3.2 really changed everything. EVERYTHING.ReplyDelete
Thank you Con. I used to doubt the effectiveness of BFS. Not any more.
- Anonymous4 March 2012 at 12:08
[Manuel Krause]
Do you remember my testcase from some months ago? This user mode decrypt <-> shm <-> swap thing?!
If I omit==revert the following patches from current ck-patch, everything works fine (almost no lags in parallel video playing in vlc etc.):
Still adding good old bfs-313.autoiso-xorg.patch to my Kernel. BTW-question...: Is it needed anymore nowadays?!
Thanks for your work!
[Manuel Krause]
- Anonymous4 March 2012 at 12:15
Currently I'm running 3.2.8 (openSUSE flavour).ReplyDelete
- Anonymous6 March 2012 at 07:06
- I get a gentoo-sources kernel and a ck-sources (gentoo-sources + ck patchset) kernel with all common options set identically.ReplyDelete
- I moved both from 2.6.38 version to 3.2.1 keeping all common options identical and setting all new options carefully.
- My system is based on an Intel CoreII duo + 4Gb RAM.
On my system running its typical load, I noticed a drop in performances from ck-sources 2.6.38 to ck-sources 3.2.1, drop that I cannot objectively quantify.
I am currently trying to investigate the problem and started throughput tests with an Iozone benchmark :
/usr/sbin/iozone -r 8 -s 50M -l 1 -u 10 -i 0 -i 1 -b filename
I generally use the deadline scheduler and specific mount options but I tried here on an ext4 with default mount options and the noop scheduler.
BTW, I always keep the rr_interval to its default value of 6.
The results for write and rewrite tests show that :
- Under a 2.6.38 + BFS, the throughput is approximately identical to a 2.6.38 + CFS for a number of processes less or equal to 4. With more than 4 processes, the throughput is divided by 4.
Normal! well, at least, this is what I am used to.
- Under a 3.2.1 + BFS, the throughput is a fourth of a 3.2.1 + CFS irrespective of the number of processes.
I know that threaded IO has always been a weakness of BFS but my typical load never creates situations in which more than 4 processes are competing for writing on the same IO ressource, so I generally do not care.
- Did you notice the same kind of performance drop ?
- Did I do something wrong with my configuration ?
- Is this benchmark meaningless ?
- I read about the modifications made on ext4 in 3.2.1 but did not realize that they would have any impact here. Am I wrong ?
Yes that's intentional. I/O throughput happens at the expense of CPU interactivity so the -ck patchset is continually trying to reign in the I/O throughput to improve interactivity. If you care more about keeping your I/O throughput then use just the BFS patch and not the full -ck patchset.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous6 March 2012 at 18:52
Thank you Con for answering and, of course, for all the work you achieve.ReplyDelete
I understand the tradeoff and, at the extreme limit, I know that I can increase the rr_interval if necessary.
What was puzzling me more is why this significant drop (-75%) of average throughput for a number of processes <= 4 from 2.6.38 to 3.2.1 ?
=When you said throughput, I'm pretty sure you mean I/O throughput since the CPU throughput is unchanged. I said it was intentional. It's in the -ck patches and due to changes to the VM and I/O scheduler between that older kernel and the current one that make -ck more effective at reducing throughput. The patches in -ck CONSCIOUSLY REDUCE I/O THROUGHPUT. So the patches are both designed to do that, and are successfully achieving that. So once again, if I/O throughput is important to you, you should not be using the -ck patchset. rr_interval has NOTHING to do with I/O throughput. Now if you're not talking about I/O throughput, then please explain further.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous6 March 2012 at 22:20
Yes ! I was talking about I/O throughput.ReplyDelete
Thanks for clarifying the drop from 2.6.38 to 3.2.1
As for the impact of the rr_interval, I had noticed a slight difference in I/O throughput when increasing from 6 to 300, to the expense of the latency. But it definitely appears that I had misunderstood your FAQ. I apologize for this.
I am not that much concerned by I/O throughput and much more in the possibility to globally achieve my work in about 85% of the time they need under a non ck-patched kernel.
I see Sysbench thread test achieved in 60% of the time needed on a 3.2.1 non patched kernel.
The ratio was of 77% with 2.6.38
Thank you again for knowing that everyone does not get google's architectures and needs...
- Anonymous7 March 2012 at 08:00
So... reading through your replies, i should only use my kernel with one lonely BFS-patch?ReplyDelete
For my ancient system, I/O througput is most probably the main bottleneck (except for AGP4x limits that are not on your bill)?
Best regards
[Manuel Krause]
- Anonymous7 March 2012 at 08:16
I'm not the'Anonymous' you may have replied to, earlier, though.ReplyDelete
Best regards
[Manuel Krause]
- Anonymous7 March 2012 at 08:25
@Anonymous: From 2.6.38 to 3.2.1 there had been many major changes, call them improvements. ;-) But that's several releases away now!ReplyDelete
It's not that simple. Your disk I/O may well be the slowest component in your system, but if you do things to increase the I/O it almost always leads to other slowdowns, usually of the perceptible interactivity type. So you may speed up writing a big file but then your desktop may come to a standstill while you wait for it to write that file. That's why I'm forever doing things in -ck that make I/O slower rather than faster.ReplyDeleteReplies
- Anonymous8 March 2012 at 06:38
Thank you very much for your explanations!Delete
But if I look at my overlapping /dev/shm that sometimes goes from RAM to swap (and maybe kicks other desktop-related things to disk as well) there should'nt be "double brakes" or triple or even...: for disk I/O, swap related I/O (mm-idleprio_prio-1.patch and mm-kswapd_inherit_prio-1.patch.orig as I read them), and some possible BUGs that make shm <-> RAM <-> swap transitions and vice versa so CPU/Bridge intense.
I still cannot reflect, why the removal of my previously mentionned patches from complete CK makes such a difference in desktop's responsiveness.
This is no critcism of your patchset related work, please read it as another spot to point your next optimization work to.
I seem to be the last one running an uptodate kernel with CK on an over 12 years old machine, that seems to reveal kernel bottlenecks more easily. :-(
Feel free to contact [Manuel Krause]
Well I did say I was having trouble validating whether those patches even did what they're supposed to do any more and I expect I will be abandoning them for 3.3-ck1 and just make it BFS only.ReplyDeleteReplies
- Anonymous11 March 2012 at 05:09
O.k., yes, several times now. ;-) I've realized that message, finally.Delete
Are there any shareable insights on whether the autoiso-xorg.patch from bfs-313 days and or the schedtool approach are of benefit any more? (I'd always compiled it in. And I was used to 'enhance' a blocking application to finish earlier via schedtool -I `pidofproc app` from time to time.)
[Manuel Krause]
I never recommended anyone use the autoiso patch. That's why it was never included in any -ck release. The potential for it blocking audio which is even more important than xorg is why I decided against it.ReplyDeleteReplies
- Anonymous11 March 2012 at 10:16
We'll see, I'm just recompiling, meet you next week.Delete
- Anonymous13 March 2012 at 08:00
Good, that I didn't delete the old kernel compilations .oODelete
One or both of the following patches add an overall plus to the personal(!) feeling of a quickly responding desktop on my vintage machine:
with BFS-416 and current bfq and kernel 3.2.9 (openSUSE).
So, that's mainly the same setup as posted on 2012-03-03, with reverting from the ck-patch:
Too poor: This comment only reflects subjective recognitions with my previously posted testing and daily workflows.
But maybe there's some usefulness for some people so that you don't abandon all mm related patches.
[Manuel Krause]
- Anonymous14 March 2012 at 02:43
Sorry, English is not my main language. When you say "add an overall plus" you mean they make your system a bit faster, right? Or slower?Delete
- Anonymous14 March 2012 at 06:41
Sorry, English isn't mine either.Delete
My system feels like responding better to desktop input and hardware throughput, e.g. playing videos additionally to other actions. So, that's nothing about "My system is faster." it's about "My system interacts faster with me."
From my point of view that has more value than any benchmarked numbers. But it's only subjective, and not reproducible from one to another.
[Manuel Krause]
- Anonymous14 March 2012 at 07:06
There's no real advantage if I set Xorg to SCHED_NORMAL (unlike in the autoiso.patch) as it affects the input system as well. Or setting pulseaudio to SCHED_ISO or both. Pulseaudio is running @ NICE -11 (default on here). One of both always suffers somehow when CPU/Gfx/IO are under heavy load. I assume I'd need to experiment with the NICE levels to find out what helps more. But that's quite a boring test work ;-)
[Manuel Krause]
Of course there is no "advantage" to setting Xorg to SCHED_NORMAL since that's... doing nothing. The issue is in YOUR desktop YOU are running pulseaudio and at nice -11. But that is not everyone, and I need a kernel that works best for everyone. If you find the patch helps you, go right ahead, but I will not include that patch by default.Delete
- Anonymous14 March 2012 at 09:15
Short Question: What priority is your pulseaudio running at?! To have better comparisons!Delete
[Manuel Krause]
- Anonymous14 March 2012 at 09:27
If I set Xorg to SCHED_ISO (like in autoiso.patch) input is more responsive.Delete
[Manuel Krause]
Maybe I don't run pulseaudio and just use alsa? Maybe I don't change any priorities?Delete
- anonymous coward14 March 2012 at 19:30
pulseaudio sucks :pDelete
- Anonymous15 March 2012 at 04:25
Maybe... I am really boring you with my comments/questions? Your replies make me feel like that. If I would not want to get the best experience from my existing system, what I supposed to be your goal, too, I've never had asked.
@anonymous coward:
Most recent releases of pulseaudio can manage multiple sources of audio like video + skype + system notifications that alsa was never capable of. Maybe... you like to give it a new try!
[Manuel Krause]
- anonymous coward16 March 2012 at 17:22
pulseaudio is just bells and whistles, it's bloated, i don't feel the need for it thanks.Delete
For the git lover. I set up a git repository to trace the linux-stable git tree and add some of my favorite patch sets. Of course, bfs/ck patch set is the major party of them. Current, bfs/ck, bfs and phc-intel are patch sets I am tracing in this reposiroty.ReplyDelete
Branches, there will be a branch to trace each kind of patch, for example, linux-3.2.y-bfs to trace the BFS patch.
Tags, once a stable kernel released and the patch apply successfully and build out, a signed tag will be added, such like v3.2.9-ck1 and so on.
Test, a kernel build test will be run to test the patch with kernel release before test. I just use the -gc one by myself, so I have no promises all of them runs ok.
Merge strategy, when a new stable kernel version bumped, this repository will be sync-up with the upstream repo( linux-stable.git ). -bfs,-bfq and phc-intel branch will be rebased to the new stable tag, after build test, a tag with patch name sub-fix will be signed. -ck branch will be rebased with the new created -bfs tag, after build test then signed the -ck tag. Finally, -gc branch will be rebased with phc-intel, -ck and -bfq branch, build then signed the tag.
To use, the git way, clone the repository, checkout the tag you want and build you kernel. Tarball way, visit the download tab, click on the download link of given tarball format with the tag you want.
Repository address: https://bitbucket.org/alfredchen/linux-gc
- Mursel10 August 2012 at 22:56
I am using Ubuntu 12.04 and so downloaded the default kernel source from repo:ReplyDelete
apt-get source linux-image$(uname -r)
The above, downloads the official kernel of Ubuntu 12.04 which is the 3.2.0-29.46 (this is build on 3.2.24 mainline of kernel.org).
So I downloaded the "patch-3.2-ck1" and successfully applied it. Unfortunately after starting the compilation, a little later I get an error and it stops the compilation:
CC arch/x86/kernel/pcspeaker.o
CC arch/x86/kernel/check.o
CC arch/x86/kernel/devicetree.o
LD arch/x86/kernel/built-in.o
AS arch/x86/kernel/head_32.o
CC arch/x86/kernel/head32.o
CC arch/x86/kernel/head.o
CC arch/x86/kernel/init_task.o
/home/user/Public/CompilingFolder/linux-stable/arch/x86/kernel/init_task.c:31:8: error: unknown field 'deadline' specified in initializer
/home/user/Public/CompilingFolder/linux-stable/arch/x86/kernel/init_task.c:31:8: error: unknown field 'run_list' specified in initializer
/home/user/Public/CompilingFolder/linux-stable/arch/x86/kernel/init_task.c:31:32: error: 'struct task_struct' has no member named 'run_list'
/home/user/Public/CompilingFolder/linux-stable/arch/x86/kernel/init_task.c:31:32: error: 'struct task_struct' has no member named 'run_list'
/home/user/Public/CompilingFolder/linux-stable/arch/x86/kernel/init_task.c:31:8: error: unknown field 'time_slice' specified in initializer
make[4]: *** [arch/x86/kernel/init_task.o] Error 1
make[3]: *** [arch/x86/kernel] Error 2
make[2]: *** [arch/x86] Error 2
make[1]: *** [sub-make] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/user/Public/CompilingFolder/linux-stable'
make: *** [/home/user/Public/CompilingFolder/linux-stable/debian/stamps/stamp-build-optimus] Error 2
Any ideas how I can manage to fix it or why it is happening ?Replies
- Anonymous29 September 2012 at 03:02
Mursel, I got the same balalayka. Did you find how to fix this issue?Delete
- Anonymous28 December 2013 at 17:48
Same problem here, any solutions?Delete
CC arch/x86/kernel/init_task.o
/build/buildd/linux-3.2.0/arch/x86/kernel/init_task.c:31:8: error: unknown field 'deadline' specified in initializer
/build/buildd/linux-3.2.0/arch/x86/kernel/init_task.c:31:8: error: unknown field 'run_list' specified in initializer
/build/buildd/linux-3.2.0/arch/x86/kernel/init_task.c:31:32: error: 'struct task_struct' has no member named 'run_list'
/build/buildd/linux-3.2.0/arch/x86/kernel/init_task.c:31:32: error: 'struct task_struct' has no member named 'run_list'
/build/buildd/linux-3.2.0/arch/x86/kernel/init_task.c:31:8: error: unknown field 'time_slice' specified in initializer
make[4]: *** [arch/x86/kernel/init_task.o] Error 1
make[3]: *** [arch/x86/kernel] Error 2
make[2]: *** [arch/x86] Error 2
make[1]: *** [sub-make] Error 2
Does not work with 3.2.57 and .58 kernel. Yes with 3.2.2.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous18 May 2014 at 00:40
"Does not work with 3.2.57 and .58 kernel. Yes with 3.2.2."ReplyDelete
Unfortunately it's true...


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Let That Shit Go
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|100% cotton hot press, acid free ultra smooth white Fine Art paper. Printed with 1" border. Matte frame with premium scratch-resistant acrylic plexiglass and 1 1/4" x 3/4" wood moulding. Measurements are width x height in inches.
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Casting off
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14K Gold Mobius Pendant Ani ledodiCode:MOBIUS-PENDANT-ANI-LEDODI-1Price:
Usually: $339
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Quantity in Basket: none
This infinity solid 14K Gold mobius strip, with the verse
from the song of songs "Ani Ledodi Vedodi Li" - I am to
my beloved and he is mine, expresses the infinite love
between a man and a woman or between human being and God.
Each pendant is hand crafted in Jerusalem / Israel by
Orna Porat. The letters are carved out from the pendant.
Height: 20mm / 0.8'' inch.
Width: 20mm / 0.8'' inches
14K Gold ring, Two tones, Custom MadeCode:G-80Price:
Quantity in Basket: none
Beautiful hand crafted & custom made ring.
(1)Any phrase / Name/s
(2)Language: Hebrew / English / Aramaic.
The Ring is 10mm wide, two tones of gold:
A. The rings is 14K White Gold with Florentine finish.
B. The letters are 14K Yellow Gold with high-polish finish.
14K Gold Star fo David set with Diamonds & OpalsCode:STAR-OF-DAVID-OPAL-3Price:
Quantity in Basket: none
New design!
The most unmistakable sign for jewish identity is now
avalable as a Beautiful pendant.14K Gold Star of David
set with authentic opal stone.
Height: 25mm / 1'' inch.
Makes a special birthday gift.
A Great collectibel!
14K Gold Star fo David set with OpalsCode:STAR-OF-DAVID-OPAL-2Price:
Quantity in Basket: none
New design!
The most unmistakable sign for jewish identity is now
available as a Beautiful pendant.14K Gold Star of David
set with authentic opal stone.
Makes a special birthday gift.
A Great collectible!
14K Hebrew / English name pendant set with a single DiamondCode:NPD-2Price:
Quantity in Basket: none
Not your ordinary name pendant!
Porat Jewelry is proud to present: 14K Gold very heavy
weight name pendant with a single Diamond set in the
first letter. This exceptional pendant is hand crafted
and custom made. Choose from 3 languages: Hebrew,
English or Aramaic(NEW! - add 15%). Surprise your beloved
with an eternal, everlasting diamond set in to his / her
custom made name pendant!
Price includes pendant only. Additional 14k Gold chain is
available at different lengths.
14K Solid Gold Ani Ledodi Mobius EarringsCode:MOBIUS-EARRINGS-ANI-LEDODI-1Price:
Quantity in Basket: none
This infinity mobius strip with the verse from the song
of songs "Ani Ledodi Vedodi Li" - "I am to my beloved
and he is mine, expresses the infinite love between a man
and a woman or between human being and God. The Earrings
are hand crafted in Jerusalem / Israel by Orna Porat.
Height: 15mm / 2/3'' inches.
Width: 14mm / 0.5'' inches.
Pendant is 14K Solid Gold
Express your love with this great and uniquely designed gift.
18K Gold Heart set with DimaondsCode:DIAMOND-HEART-1Price:
Quantity in Basket: none
New! a Unique Heart pendant designed to be hanged in an
unordinary way: instead of the ordinary hanging position -
the heart is rotated 30o degrees counter clockwise.
Express your love or appreciation is a different way!
Height: 1.5cm / 0.6'' inches.
18K Gold set with 0.30ct full cut Diamonds.
18K Gold Name set with full cut DiamondsCode:NPD-1Price:
Quantity in Basket: none
18k gold, Heavy weight name pendant.
You choose: Hebrew / English/ Aramaic , any name.
Each name is set with full cur diamonds.
A beautiful & unique birthday / Bat - mitzvah gift
The price is $295 per letter
18K Gold Ring set with Diamonds and RubiesCode:GD-8Price:
Usually: $3195
Now Only: $2695
Quantity in Basket: none
Beautiful hand crafted, 18K Gold ring set with:
0.50 carat full cut Diamonds
and 0.50 carat full cut Rubies.
1 Diamonds and Rubies .
2 Diamonds and Sapphires .
3 Diamonds and Emeralds .
Available in 18k Gold - white or yellow.
Available in Platinum - For price please contact us
18K Beloved ring, raised letters, set with DiamondsCode:GD-5-aPrice:
Usually: $1989
Now Only: $1589
Quantity in Basket: none
Beautiful hand crafted 18K solid Gold ring.
You can choose: any ring size, any phrase.
Available in 18K, white or yellow Gold.
Available Hebrew or English.
The letters set with 0.50ct. Full cut Diamonds - $1589
Balls on rim - 925 Sterling Silver PlateCode:BE-3086Price:
Quantity in Basket: none
925 Sterling Silver Plate, 8 balls on rim . Hand Crafted.
Made in Jerusalem / Israel.
Birds Matzah & Afikoman Raw Silk CoverCode:YE-MAS-24Price:
Quantity in Basket: none
Raw Silk Appliqued Matzah and Afikoman Covers.
This Cover set is a beautiful Multicolor fancywork of
embroidery and lustrous Raw Silk. The Hebrew word for
Passover ("Pesach") is embroidered on the Cover.
Made in Jerusalem / Israel by the artist Yair Emanuel.


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The Only Source Dedicated to the News of Leimert Park
Time: July 29, 2011 from 8pm to 11pm
Event Type: spoken, word, one, man, show
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Here you will find all the latest ZTE firmware for ZTE Blade X9. If you are looking for ZTE Blade X9 stock ROM firmware, then you are on the right page.
Before downloading, make sure your device is ZTE Blade X9, if it is not, then flashing the below stock firmware can brick your device.
The ZTE Blade X9 firmware helps in unbricking the device, updating the device to latest android version, revert the device back to stock, fix boot loop issues and several other issues on your device.
Download ZTE Blade X9 Firmware
File Name: ZTE_Blade_X9_27102015_QFIL.zip
File Size: 849 MB
Also: ZTE Nubia Z5S NX503A Stock Firmware
How To Flash ZTE Blade X9 Stock Firmware
- Download and extract the ZTE Blade X9 firmware package on your computer.
- After extracting the package, you will find USB Drivers, flashing tool, and firmware files.
- Install the provided drivers on your computer. Skip this step if you already have the drivers installed on your PC.
- Launch the firmware flashing tool and load the ZTE Blade X9 firmware files inside the flash tool.
- Connect your device to the computer using USB cable and begin the firmware flashing process.
- Once the flashing is completed, you will see a success message.
- Disconnect your ZTE Blade X9 device from the computer and restart the device.
Important Notes:
[*] Disclaimer: Firmware flashing is a tedious process and should be carried out only if you have enough knowledge. We, nor anybody, should be held responsible for any damage to your device.
[*] Take a Backup: If you are going to flash the above firmware on your ZTE Blade X9 device, then make sure to take a backup of your data as it will be deleted after flashing the stock firmware.
[*] Broken link? Report here.
[*] Have we missed any device model? Let us know by contacting us via Contact Us page.


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Results for Langhorne, PA Staffing Agencies Specializing in QA
Results sorted by best match.
of Trevose, PA
Company Rating and Awards
833 locations
- 1
The best Langhorne, PA QA staffing agencies secured the Best of Staffing award by obtaining at least a 50% Net Promoter® score indicating that they provide exceptionally high levels of service to their Langhorne, PA QA and quality control clients and job seekers.
Results sorted by best match.
of Trevose, PA
833 locations


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The Kimberley Region Western Australia Map with Cities Major Roads and Water Features
About This MapIncludes entire area shown in preview, with major streets and other significant features.
Each area and road is a fully editable Adobe Illustrator object, and all text is font text (not outlines). Layers make it easy to customize the features on the map using Adobe Illustrator.
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Patient Forms, Map and Directions to Yellow Springs Office
Your first visit to TLC Dental Center establishes a vital foundation for our relationship with you. During the first visit, we make sure to obtain important background information, like your medical history, and give you time to get to know your doctor. To understand what to expect for your first visit to our practice, please read through this page. You'll find all the practical information you need, such as a map and directions to our office, practice hours, payment policies and more. There's also background information about our committed staff and our first visit procedures. You can even save some time at your first visit by printing out and completing the patient forms in advance of your appointment.
Mission Statement
Our practice is working together to realize a shared vision of uncompromising excellence in dentistry.
To fulfill this mission, we are committed to:
- Listening to those we are privileged to serve.
- Earn the trust and respect of patients, profession and community.
- Exceed your expectations.
- Ensure a creative, challenging and compassionate professional environment.
- Strive for continuous improvement at all levels.
What To Expect
Being well-prepared for your appointment will ensure that the doctor has all of the needed information to provide the best possible care for you. It also will help relieve any unnecessary anxiety you may be feeling. Educate yourself on your symptoms by reviewing the content on this Web site. Also, take some time to review our staff page and familiarize yourself with the doctors. We look forward to your first visit.


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Search America's historic newspaper pages from 1770-1963 or use the U.S. Newspaper Directory to find information about American newspapers published between 1690-present. Chronicling America is sponsored jointly by the National Endowment for the Humanities external link and the Library of Congress. Learn more
Clinch Valley news. [volume], September 27, 1918, Image 3
About Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019
Image provided by: Library of Virginia; Richmond, VA


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Total Grinding Solutions (TGS) specializes in OD grinding machines.
We are a worldwide manufacturer of CNC centerless grinders. Backed by a team of experts with over 150 years of combined industry experience, TGS designs and builds precise, affordable and reliable centerless grinding equipment that offers quick payback and low cost of ownership.
We provide cradle-to-grave OD grinding machines service, including exemplary customer service when ordering, installing, testing, training and maintaining your TGS products.
We work closely with our OD grinding machines customers to ensure the right fit with the right need. In a market crowded with everything from high-cost grinders to entry-level models, our equipment stands out for top quality, value and service.
For additional TGS centerless grinding machine details, visit our machine specs, controls, parts and components, training, preventive maintenance, automation, quality control, test report, or warranty details.
To assist customers to increase production rates and efficiencies, TGS offers complete automation systems for its centerless grinding machines, including gantry-style systems, vibratory bowl feeders, hopper feeders, roller conveyors, belt conveyors, in-process gaging, post-process gaging and a wide variety of robotics.
Our OD grinding machines can process all types of materials, such as ceramic, plastic, steel, aluminum, carbide, titanium, powder metal, cast iron, PCD, stainless steel, PTFE, tungsten and more.
Our machines have proven effective for all types of industries, such as automotive and trucks, medical, oil and gas, fuel injection, fastener, aircraft and aerospace, military and defense, transmission, cutting tools, heavy equipment, bearings, electronics, industrial and more.
In addition to OD grinding machines we provide all needed assemblies, components, accessories and spare parts.
Why choose TGS?
Dan Geddes and company partner Joe Giacalone, founders of Total Grinding Solutions of Warren, Michigan, are the brains behind the development of the TGS machine. With a combined 75 years of grinding experience, Geddes and Giacalone made it their goal to design and build a robust centerless grinder that would be precise and would boast the technological innovations of the best machines on the market. The key was to engineer this machine with the latest state-of-the-art features, but to sell it at a very moderate cost. "We applied our hands-on grinding experience with our in-depth knowledge of grinders and set out to design a quality centerless grinder that could handle even highest-volume production runs with extreme accuracy and consistency," says Giacalone. "We were looking to produce a more economical, more precision-based solution. We know what works, and we were determined to 'build a better mousetrap,'" adds Geddes.
We are based in southeastern Michigan and provide OD grinding machines internationally. We have customers in every state in the USA, including our neighboring states of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York.
Contact us now for your OD grinding machines consultation!
Whatever your OD grinding machines concern, the TGS team of grinder experts will partner with you to solve your challenge.
Our TGS engineers are aware of the increasingly competitive OD grinding machines manufacturing environment and design our equipment with the quality of the higher-priced competition while still accommodating most budgets.
We can suggest auxiliary equipment and upgrades that will increase production rates and OD grinding machines efficiency.
Download our brochure for more information about our OD grinding machines.
Making a major OD grinding machines purchase is a decision with long-term ramifications for any business. When it comes to centerless grinders, assemblies and components, and maintenance and repairs, you need everything to perform at the highest level of precision and efficiency.
At TGS we believe the initial sale is just the beginning of our relationship. Our goal is to provide cradle-to-grave service that ensures our customers OD grinding machines will operate for a lifetime of peak performance. That includes training for machine operators, preventative maintenance, machine parts inventory and service.
TGS OD grinding machines service technicians are located worldwide.
TGS technicians can handle any OD grinding machines service challenge, whether mechanical, electrical or process-related. Our on-site centerless grinding machine assessment provides hands-on evaluation of your situation, allowing us to make recommendations, and complete repairs often in the same visit.


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Hasami Porcelain Bowl, Small High, Brown
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Country of Origin: Japan Designer: Hasami Materials: Porcelain Dimensions: 145 mm D x 72 mm H Why is it Special? Hasami Porcelain blends beautiful organic materials with a clean Japanese aesthetic. Hasami, Nagasaki is one of the foremost pottery districts in Japan. Porcelain was first made in the area almost 400 years ago, during the Edo Period, and was not only distributed all over Japan but also exported to Europe through the port of Nagasaki. The establishment of a mass production system at an early stage ensured reliability in quality and price, and its rich tradition kept alive. The size of Hasami porcelain products is based on a fixed module. Mugs, bowls, trays… all share the same diameter so they can be stacked freely, stored and transported easily. They are also multi-functional. For example, a tray can also be used as a lid or a coaster. The inspiration behind the stacking mechanism, and the functionality of nesting, come from tiered boxes - traditional lacquer ware - used in Japanese cuisine.


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Where to buy wedding dresses in Illinois, Rockford
Sophia Tolli is THE premiere wedding dress collection for the effortless and luxurious bride in Rockford! Offering wedding dresses for 2024, Sophia Tolli has the perfect trumpet gown, fit and flare gown, ball gown or unique wedding dress that will make your wedding dreams come true!
From romantic and sexy to bohemian and breezy, Sophia Tolli wedding dresses are designed for every bride!
Shop our spectacular collection of 2024 wedding dresses, available at the following Rockford, Illinois wedding dress stores:


text: Catering The University of St.Gallen offers a wide range of catering options, for lunch, snacks, aperitifs or banquets. We can arrange for refreshments, aperitifs, banquets and events for up to 1,000 guests. Contact us with any enquiries or to request a quote at any time. Operators: Genossenschaft Migros Ostschweiz (main campus) SV Service (executive campus Holzweid)


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- Telephone:
- 07973 114625 | 07973 114625
Reserve online
Finding the right car for you can be a time consuming process, so when you do find the perfect vehicle, you want to be sure that the vehicle is available for you to buy. No one wants to visit a dealership to find that the vehicle they wanted has been snatched up by someone else just 10 minutes earlier...and that's where our online reservation service comes in. With our reserve online option, you needn't worry about that dream vehicle slipping through your fingers, as we'll hold it for you and you only.
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Browse our great selection of quality used cars and once you've found the perfect vehicle for you:
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If you decide that this is the car for you, perfect! We'll ensure everything is setup so you can drive away!
If not, no problem! We'll simply refund your deposit. Nothing could be simpler!
So go find your perfect car today!


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Web Accessibility Statement for Bagdad Dental (https://bagdaddental.com) (hereinafter "The Company").
The Company is committed to ensuring digital accessibility for people with disabilities. We are continually improving the user experience for everyone, and applying the relevant accessibility standards.
The Company takes the following measures to ensure accessibility of:
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) defines requirements for designers and developers to improve accessibility for people with disabilities. It defines three levels of conformance: Level A, Level AA, and Level AAA. The Company is partially conformant with WCAG 2.1 level AA. Partially conformant means that some parts of the content do not fully conform to the accessibility standard.
This statement was created on 18 November 2019.


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Lickety Split Towing, Offers A Variety of Towing & Recovery Services You Can Count On!
Get top-notch auto repair services today at Lickety Split Towing. Call today to schedule an appointment at 706-594-1343.
Expertise You Can Trust
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To learn more about the services we offer, please contact us by phone at 706-594-1343 or send us an email. We also invite you to learn more about our dedication to you, our valued customer.
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See What We Do!
Emergency Roadside Assistance, Junk Car Removal, and Towing & Recovery
Areas We Serve
Vehicle Tips
According to recent studies, 5 percent of all motor vehicle fatalities are clearly caused by automobile maintenance neglect.
The cooling system should be completely flushed and refilled about every 24 months. The level, condition, and concentration of coolant should be checked. (A 50/50 mix of anti-freeze and water is usually recommended.)
Never remove the radiator cap until the engine has thoroughly cooled. The tightness and condition of drive belts, clamps and hoses should be checked by a pro.
Change your oil and oil filter as specified in your manual, or more often (every 3,000 miles) if you make frequent short jaunts, extended trips with lots of luggage or tow a trailer.
Replace other filters (air, fuel, PCV, etc.) as recommended, or more often in dusty conditions. Get engine drivability problems (hard stops, rough idling, stalling, diminished power, etc.) corrected at a good shop.
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Keep your tires inflated to the proper levels. Under-inflated tires make it harder for your car to move down the road, which means your engine uses more fuel to maintain speed.
Lighten the load. Heavier vehicles use more fuel, so clean out unnecessary weight in the passenger compartment or trunk before you hit the road.
Use the A/C sparingly. The air conditioner puts extra load on the engine forcing more fuel to be used.
Keep your windows closed. Wide-open windows, especially at highway speeds, increase aerodynamic drag and the result is up to a 10% decrease in fuel economy.
Avoid long idling. If you anticipate being stopped for more than one minute, shut off the car. Contrary to popular belief, restarting the car uses less fuel than letting it idle.
Stay within posted speed limits. The faster you drive, the more fuel you use. For example, driving at 65 miles per hour (mph) rather than 55 mph, increases fuel consumption by 20 percent.
Use cruise control. Using cruise control on highway trips can help you maintain a constant speed and, in most cases, reduce your fuel consumption.
Keep your engine tuned. A fouled spark plug or plugged/restricted fuel injector can reduce fuel efficiency as much as 30 percent.
Inspect the engine's belts regularly. Look for cracks or missing sections or segments. Worn belts will affect the engine performance.
Have the fuel filter changed every 10,000 miles to prevent rust, dirt and other impurities from entering the fuel system.
Change the transmission fluid and filter every 15,000 to 18,000 miles. This will protect the precision-crafted components of the transmission/transaxle.
Inspect the suspension system regularly. This will extend the life of the vehicle's tires.


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"Run with the Pack" from Didjeridoo in the American Outback by David Blonski. Released: 2000. Track 8. Genre: Other.
Items in Your CartYour cart is empty
About Your Order
For US orders, CD's are typically sent out within 48 hours by Media Mail unless David is on tour which can delay shipping a few days up to a couple weeks. We recommend Digital Downloads for those of you outside the USA. If you need international shipping please contact us.
If you order a 'Full Album Digital Download' you will typically recieve an email within 15 minutes with the encrypted link(s) for your download(s) that will include high quality MP3s of each song and jpegs of all the artwork that comes with the original CD.
Contact UsTimeless Productions
5050 Traverse Creek Rd,
Garden Valley, Ca 95633
phone: 530-333-1335 firstname.lastname@example.com
When you order more than one item we are offering an additional 15% off of our already discounted "Direct From Artist Pricing". Your discount will show up automatically in the cart above (up to 57.5% off). FREE SHIPPING on all orders within the USA! Digital Downloads are recommended for anyone outside the USA.


text: MIA - Master's degree programme for flexible generalists The Master's Programme in International Affairs and Governance (MIA) complements the HSG's well-established Business perspective with components from Economics, Law, and Political Science. Flexible and Diverse Curriculum The MIA emphasizes multi- and interdisciplinary courses that put equal weight on topics in business administration, economics, law, and political sciences and make use of innovative teaching formats. Specifically, the curriculum is structured along three pillars – thematic, methodological and professional - for an optimal balance between fundamental knowledge, empirical applications, and a professional education. In addition, students may pursue one of four clusters of specialization: Security and Conflict Democracy and Governance Business and Public Policy Sustainability and Development Data Analytics and Methods Practice-oriented Approach The MIA teaches you the skills and knowledge needed to study complex real-world problems in an evidence-based and integrated manner. There is a large number of practice-oriented features such as seminars, tutorials, case-based teaching, and platforms of active participation such as seminars, workshops, colloquium, labs, and consultancy courses. MIA morning workshops The Consultancy Project Lecture in Cases in International Affairs In addition, you may also earn so-called "Practice Credits" through internships in companies and public institutions that are credited to your degree. Excellent Career Prospects The MIA prepares you for an attractive professional career. More than half of our graduates work in the private sector, e.g. banking and financial institutions, insurance companies, consultancies and other multinational corporations. On the public sector side, about 45% are employed by federal, state and local governments, development agencies, international organisations, the media, non-profit organisations as well as universities and research centres. Double Degree-Programmes Through a number of highly attractive programmes, we cooperate with renowned schools of International Affairs: Sciences Po Paris The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy Boston Yonsei Graduate School of International Studies Seoul Universidad de los Andes Bogotá A Double Degree programme gives you the possibility to acquire splendid international experience. As a Double Degree student you spend one year at the University of St.Gallen and a second year at one of our partner institutions. Upon completion of two academic years, you are awarded two Master's degrees. Alternatively, MIA students may apply for the CEMS - a one-year Master's degree course in International Management, which is a prestigious joint Degree Programme offered by the Community of European Management Schools. Rich International Experiences Besides from Double Degree programmes we feature exchange agreements with more than 200 partner universities across the world. In addition, there are exclusive exchange options for MIA students with renowned universities such as: Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, Singapore SIPA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of International and Public Policy/Hitotsubashi University School of International Relations, St.Petersburg State University IE Madrid The Graduate Institute, Geneva Further information on exchange opportunities can be found on the website of Student Mobility. International MIA Partners The International Affairs programmes of the University of St. Gallen belong to various associations that bring together leading business schools and programmes in International Affairs. CEMS The University of St.Gallen is a member of the Community of European Management Schools (CEMS), an association of leading European business schools and international companies that enables its students to obtain an additional degree in business administration. APSIA The MIA is a member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA), a group of 37 internationally renowned institutions of higher learning in this field. Members of APSIA include the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, Georgetown University, The Fletcher School, SIPA at Columbia University, Sciences Po Paris or the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy. APSIA promotes excellent graduate education worldwide by exchanging information and ideas among its members and the International Affairs community at large.