text:
Enola Securities Lawyers
Mark G. Wendaur IV
Widener University Commonwealth Law SchoolAllegheny CollegeState Bar of Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania Bar Association
Reginald S. Evans
(717) 763-1121
Georgetown UniversityCornell UniversityPennsylvania and New YorkNew York State Bar and Pennsylvania State Bar
Adam Savett
(610) 621-4550
Villanova University School of LawAmerican UniversityNew Jersey, Pennsylvania, District of Columbia, D.C. Circuit and VirginiaAvvo, Avvo, LinkedIn and AvvoHedge Fund Business Operations Association, SIFMA's Corporate Actions Division...Securities Class Action Trials in the Post-PSLRA Era, Update on the Options-Backdating Class Actions...
Gregory H. Mathews
(215) 525-5850
Antioch CollegeState University of New York - College at Geneseo and University of Florida2nd Circuit, 3rd Circuit, 4th Circuit and PennsylvaniaBest Lawyers in America and Philadelphia Bar AssociationPhiladelphia Bar Foundation and Philadelphia Bar Association"Apologies Can Make All the Difference in Dispute Resolution" by Gregory H. Mathews, "Broadening Corporate Discretion Through Constituency Statutes: A Pennsylvania Case Study" by Gregory H. Mathews and Steven A. Reed...
Edward T. Kang
(215) 525-5850
Villanova University School of LawTemple University3rd Circuit, Federal Circuit, U.S. Supreme Court, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and New YorkSuper LawyersPennsylvania Bar Association, Philadelphia Bar Association...Why your company needs a business valuation – today and The three big reasons family businesses fail ... and how to avoid them
Nicholas J Guiliano
(877) 732-2889
Temple University Beasley School of LawTulane University3rd Circuit, Pennsylvania and U.S. Supreme CourtPublic Investors Arbitration Bar Association
David R. Scott
(215) 525-5850
Wake Forest University School of LawPennsylvania State University - AbingtonPennsylvania and New JerseyPennsylvania State Bar and Philadelphia Bar AssociationBEER and Small BREW Can Be Good for You: The Federal Excise Tax Is Past Its Shelf Life and Should Be Reformed and Brewing Up a New Century of Beer: How North Carolina Laws Stifle Competition in the Beer Industry and How They Should Be Changed
Debra Speyer
(610) 949-9555
Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra UniversityHofstra University and Hofstra University2nd Circuit, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, 3rd Circuit, District of Columbia, Florida, U.S. Supreme Court, British Law Society and MarylandSuper Lawyers Magazine, Main Line Magazine, Surburban Life Magazine and Million Dollar Advocates ForumPennsylvania State Bar, Maryland Bar Association...Common Investment Pitfalls: An Introduction and Common Investment Pitfalls: Misrepresentation
Charles Naselsky
(215) 569-5675
Seton Hall University School of LawLafayette CollegePennsylvaniaand State Bar of Pennsylvania
Marc Goldich
(866) 207-2920
Temple University Beasley School of Law and Arizona State University3rd Circuit, New Jersey and PennsylvaniaSuper Lawyers, Super Lawyers, Suburban / Philadelphia Life Magazine and Super LawyersAmerican Association for Justice and New Jersey State BarDiffering Opinions From Pa. On FRCP Amendments and Mortgage Lenders And Servicers Should Evaluate And Streamline Their Pre-Foreclosure Notice Procedures to Avoid Pitfalls, 67 Consumer Fin. L. Q. Rep. 178
Jeffery Dailey
(610) 536-6110
Syracuse University College of LawHobart and William Smith Colleges2nd Circuit, 3rd Circuit, Pennsylvania and New YorkState Bar of Pennsylvania
Thomas Wilkinson
(215) 665-3737
Villanova University School of LawUniversity of New HampshireMassachusetts, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Supreme Court, Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, U.S. District Court -- Eastern District of Pennsylvania, U.S. District Court -- Middle District of Pennsylvania and U.S. Supreme Court,...and
Michael Donovan
(610) 647-6067
Vermont Law SchoolSyracuse University10th Circuit, 2nd Circuit, 3rd Circuit, 8th Circuit, 9th Circuit, U.S. Supreme Court, New York, District of Columbia and PennsylvaniaNational Consumer Law CenterPhiladelphia Bar Association, American Bar Association...
Audrey Talley
(215) 988-2719
Boston University School of LawUniversity of Southern California and Vanderbilt UniversityMassachusetts, Pennsylvania, Georgia and OklahomaState Bar of Pennsylvania and State Bar of Georgia
Ross M. Wolfe
(215) 525-2035
The George Washington University Law SchoolThe Catholic University of AmericaPennsylvania, New Jersey, U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey, 3rd Circuit, District of Columbia, U.S. District Court, District of Columbia, U.S. District Court, Middle District of Pennsylvania and 9th CircuitThe Pennsylvania Bar Association and The Philadelphia Bar Association
Geoffrey Beauchamp
(800) 590-4116
Georgetown University Law CenterPennsylvaniaPennsylvania State Bar
Chris Heavens
Brenda Kay Brown
(214) 918-5560
Duke University School of LawDuke UniversityTexasState Bar of Texas
Peter Lennon
(800) 590-4116
Widener University Delaware School of LawPennsylvaniaPennsylvania State Bar
Stephen Stallings
(412) 322-7777
University of FloridaUniversity of North Carolina - Chapel Hill11th Circuit, 3rd Circuit, Pennsylvania and FloridaUnited States Department of Justice, United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation and Office of the Inspector General, United States Department of TransportationPennsylvania State Bar, American Bar Association...Wait Not, Want Not: The Importance of the Statute of Limitations in Qui Tam False Claims Act Cases and Accountant Liability-Putting Ultramares Out to Pasture
The LII Lawyer Directory contains lawyers who have claimed their profiles and are actively seeking clients. Find more Enola Securities Lawyers in the Justia Legal Services and Lawyers Directory which includes profiles of more than one million lawyers licensed to practice in the United States, in addition to profiles of legal aid, pro bono and legal service organizations.
Researching Attorney Discipline


text:
The Process for Getting Dentures Philadelphia, PA
People may find it difficult to hear that they need dentures. After all, losing a few teeth can cause enough difficulty. The very notion that one is going to need artificial teeth instead can be difficult to adjust to. Fortunately, we have the tools and experience to help patients adjust to dentures in order to live a comfortable lifestyle. In fact, dentures can provide a natural appearance and remain fully functional.
People may find it difficult to hear that they need dentures. After all, losing a few teeth can cause enough difficulty. The very notion that one is going to need artificial teeth instead can be difficult to adjust to. Fortunately, we have the tools and experience to help patients adjust to dentures in order to live a comfortable lifestyle. In fact, dentures can provide a natural appearance and remain fully functional.
The type of issues an endodontist treats
Resorption and tooth loss
Following the loss of one's teeth, resorption will begin to take effect. Adult teeth stimulate the jawbone, sending signals throughout the body. Once teeth fall out and stop stimulating the jawbone, the body will absorb the calcium in the jawbone to distribute to other areas of the body. Due to this, many people will experience a change in facial structure after losing some or all of their teeth.
This is a main reason for why we recommend partial or full dentures to replace missing teeth. People who do not replace teeth will notice sagging or an indent in their cheek due to the jawbone weakening. While there are a variety of aesthetic changes, people will also find physical issues with missing teeth, including:
- Difficulty eating and speaking
- Sensitive areas of the mouth where the tooth used to be
- Risk of gum disease
- Need for more frequent visits to the dentist
Contrary to popular belief, people who try to live with a missing tooth or teeth will still risk contracting oral infections such as gum disease. Normally, plaque will catch between the teeth and spread infection if left untreated. Without teeth, people are still at a risk for acquiring an infection. The best option for many patients is to seek customized dentures from a professional.
Check out what others are saying about our dental services on Yelp: The Process for Getting Dentures Philadelphia
The Dentures Process
To begin the dentures process, we will need to examine the patient and determine the best choice from full dentures, partial dentures, or another option. In some cases, if the remaining teeth are infected or weak, we will recommend a tooth extraction first. By removing the remaining teeth, we can then provide a set of fully-functional artificial teeth by installing dentures.
Once we determine the best course of action, we will clean the teeth and remove any, if necessary. We will then make a mold and take measurements of the mouth. We will use this mold to develop the dentures and ensure they are a custom fit to the individual patient. This way, patients will not have to spend as much time worrying about the dentures falling out or being uncomfortable.
It is important to note that there will be an adjustment period for the patient when first wearing the dentures. Following the appointment, the patients may need to wear temporary dentures until the new ones are complete. However, this step in the process can vary per each situation. We will send the mold and measurements to a dental lab that will create the custom dentures.
After we complete the dentures, we will have the patient come in for a fitting. During the fitting process, we will make sure that the dentures fit properly and make any necessary changes. We will also go over proper care for the dentures and recommend the time for the next appointment to keep an eye on the dentures. There are a few things that patients need to know about the adjustment period.
It will take around two weeks to completely adjust to the dentures and using them. The first step will be to avoid eating hard or chewy foods such as nuts and caramel. Proper oral hygiene will involve removing the dentures at night and leaving them in a special solution overnight. The patient will still need to brush the gums and ensure that there are no bits of food in the dentures.
During the first few weeks, there may be some minor irritation and discomfort. However, the discomfort will subside after the adjustment period. The patient may need more adjustments in the months ahead, which we will be happy to schedule when necessary.
If you live in the Philadelphia area, call (267) 515-6162 to schedule your dental exam so that you can remain in good health or receive treatment for a current condition.
Questions Answered on This Page
Q. What happens after losing an adult tooth?
Q. How does the dentures process begin?
Q. How long will it take me to adjust to the dentures?
People Also Ask
Q. Are there different types of dentures?
Q. How long will it take to adjust to new dentures?
Definition of Denture Terminology
- Alveolar Bone
- The alveolar bone is the bone surrounding the root of the tooth that keeps the tooth in place.
- Clasp
- A clasp is a device that holds a removable partial denture prosthesis to the teeth.
- Denture Base
- The denture base is the part of the denture that connects the artificial teeth with the soft tissue of the gums.
- Edentulous
- Edentulous is a term that applies to people who do not have any teeth.
- Periodontal Disease
- Periodontal disease is a condition that causes inflammation of the gingival tissues and membrane of the teeth, leading to tooth loss without professional treatment.
- Pontic
- Pontic is another term for an artificial tooth on a fixed partial denture.
- Rebase
- Rebase is the process of refitting denture prosthesis by replacing the base material.
- Reline
- Reline is when a professional resurfaces the surface of the prosthesis with a new base material.
- Resin/Acrylic
- Resin and Acrylic are resinous materials that can be components in a denture base.
- Stomatitis
- Stomatitis is the inflammation of the tissue that is underlying a denture that does not fit properly. It can also result from other oral health factors.
Back to top of The Process for Getting Dentures
Recent Posts
You Don't Need To Keep A Gap Between Your Teeth
Call us for information on the dental implant procedure and how a dental implant can help you.With the dental implant procedure, we can replace missing teeth to provide you with a natural-appearing and fully-functional artificial tooth. During a consultation, we will determine if you are a candidate for dental implants. One requirement is that your…
The Role Veneers Play In A Smile Makeover
One of the most popular ways to achieve a perfect smile is through a smile makeover with veneers. Veneers, also known as laminates, are one of the most popular treatments for smile makeovers and can be used for misaligned, cracked, or discolored teeth.Smile makeovers are a popular cosmetic dental treatment that completely transforms your smile.…
Smile Makeover: Different Types Of Veneers
Many people seek a smile makeover because many makeover options can give them the smile they have always wanted. In addition, people who want to restore the appearance and function of their smile are also looking into their makeover options, as restoring one's smile is now easier than ever due to all of the available…
Cosmetic Dentistry Solutions With Composite Bonding
Cosmetic dentistry can be an important part of helping you feel more confident and have a healthier smile, but not all dentistry procedures are the same. Composite bonding is one popular dental procedure that's often used in dentistry. It allows the dentist to restore teeth in several different ways depending on the patient's individual needs…

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Rosé In The USA Graphic Tee
$38.00 $48.00
Need We Say More? Our Rosé In The USA Graphic Tee is perfect for brunch or to lounge around in at home! Pair with jean shorts or sweats.
- Model wears size Small
Please note that we carry a variety of different brands and sizing will vary slightly for each brand. This chart is a based off of the brands we carry and for the most part very accurate, however ff you would like specific sizing for a certain product you can contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com or (619) 241-0027.
|Waist Size
|23, 24
|25, 26
|27, 28
|29, 30
|31, 32
BLACKOUT40 and CYBERWOW Discount Code orders are FINAL SALE. NOT ELIGIBLE FOR RETURN. Exchanges for sizing will be allowed if desired size is in stock, customer will be responsible for exchange shipping costs.
Orders placed with the SPOOKY, BOGO25 discount codes, or any discount code over 20% off will only be eligible for store credit return or exchange for sizing ONLY.
Start your return/exchange process using our online portal by clicking HERE:
Return Policy
Trendy and Tipsy accepts returns on unworn, unwashed and undamaged items within 14 days of receiving the order. Failure to meet these criteria deems purchases non-refundable and will be denied.
All Last Call Vintage Repurposed Vintage items must be returned within 7 days of receiving the product(s), due to the items being one-of-a-kind.
Shoes, swim, hats, body chains and belts can be returned for store credit only within 14 days of receiving the product(s).
All jewelry and accessories (excluding body chains and belts) are final sale.
For hygienic reasons, ALL BANDANAS ARE FINAL SALE- no exceptions.
Original Shipping charges and Route Package Protection are non-refundable.
All sale items, promotional sales and discount codes more than 20%, accessories, and special orders are final sale and NOT eligible for a refund, exchange or store credit.
Return Label:
If you would like us to send you a USPS return shipping label, the return shipping cost will be deducted from your refund. Please note cost will vary based on size and weight of items being returned. After your request is approved you can request a label.
Exchanges are allowed for unworn and unwashed items with the tags still on within 14 days of purchase/receipt. You may exchange for another size in the same item or for store credit if the size you want is unavailable. May be completed in store or through the mail.
You will be responsible for all shipping costs associated with the exchange.
There are two ways to do an online exchange:
1. If you would like to claim the correct size immediately while its still in stock, the quickest way to exchange is to simply place another order for the size you would like, then send the unwanted item back to us as a regular return, please just note in the return request that you purchased a new size. When the item is received back, you will be refunded. To proceed this way, place your new order and begin your return with the link at the top or bottom of the page.
2. If you do not want to make second purchase and are not in a rush, we can send you an exchange invoice for a standard shipping and handling fee, then a return label, and once the item gets back to us we will send out the new size. Your new size will not be reserved for you until the shipping and handling invoice is completed and may become unavailable in that time. To begin your exchange this way, click the link at the top or bottom of the page.
Are there any charges for returns?
- There are no charges for a return, but you are responsible for return shipping cost. If you choose, we can provide you with the lowest cost available return label and deduct that cost from your return. We will use the cheapest available option, extend our bulk shipping discount and only charge what we have to pay for the label. Otherwise, you may ship it to us on your own.
Defective Products:
We try to inspect all items for quality, but sometimes we miss something or items are damaged in transit. If you believe you received a broken or defective product, normal refund policy does not apply. Trendy and Tipsy will replace or refund defective products on a case by case basis, typically at no cost to you. Please contact us directly at email@example.com with any issues.
How soon will I get my refund?
- Once your return is received and inspected, we will send you an email to notify you that we have received your returned item. We will also notify you of the approval or rejection of your refund.
- If you are approved, then your refund will be processed, and a credit will automatically be applied original method of payment, within 10 working days.
Process return by clicking HERE: https://return.clicksit.com/shop/trendy-and-tipsy


text:
A paper on Huberman in the 2010 Annual Israel Musicology Conference
The violinist Bronislaw Huberman is considered to be one of the greatest violinists in music history. Although his playing is controversial, there were few who did not recognize his greatness as a performer. There is very little academic research on Huberman and his playing. In this paper I will present materials from Huberman's archive that was not discussed in the literature. I claim that people from different countries and periods conceptualized Huberman's playing as something that is more than just playing. His performances and interpretations were considered to represent things that are transcendent or even metaphysical. The paper will analyze how important cultural figures, music critics and common listeners, perceived the technique of Huberman, his behavior on stage, his physical appearance, and how he interpreted the scores that he played. The presentation will include listening to historical recordings by Huberman.


text:
162 Main St , Preston is a $86,500 property on a 0.33 acre lot located in Preston, MD.
Rare opportunity to own an in town corner building lot. Public water sewer available. Zoned for light commercial, multi family, and residential. Please check with Caroline county planning and zoning to confirm your building plans.
|Exterior Features
In City Limits - Yes
|Land Type
Location Type - Corner Lot/Unit
|Water Source
Public Sewer
|Property Type
|Property Sub Type
Fee Simple
|HOA Fee
|Condo Fee
|School District
caroline county public schools
The data relating to real estate for sale on this website appears in part through the BRIGHT Internet Data Exchange program, a voluntary cooperative exchange of property listing data between licensed real estate brokerage firms in which participates, and is provided by BRIGHT through a licensing agreement. Copyright BRIGHT, All Rights Reserved. Data last updated 12/10/2023 at 06:46am MST. The information provided by this website is for the personal, non-commercial use of consumers and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. Some properties which appear for sale on this website may no longer be available because they are under contract, have Closed or are no longer being offered for sale. Information deemed reliable but not guaranteed. Some real estate firms do not participate in IDX and their listings do not appear on this website. Some properties listed with participating firms do not appear on this website at the request of the seller.


text:
We found the owner for the cell phone +16149660280 registered in Galloway, OH. This is a Low Spam Risk number from area code 614 of OH. Find out who called or texted from this number by accessing the owner's full name, address, public records, and background report.
(614) 966-0280 was reported spam 0 times & was searched 0 times in 30 days by Whitepages users.
Most frequently searched (614) phone numbers in the past 24 hours.
Area codes were created in the labs of AT&T and Bell in 1940. The concept of using area codes grew and modified with time. In 1947, area codes helped to overcome the shortage of phone numbers in countries like the U.S. and Canada through the North American Numbering Plan. Source: NationalToday.com


text:
Difference between revisions of "PM Software Stack"
(→Changes 2020)
|Line 35:
|Line 35:
== Changelog ==
== Changelog ==
=== Changes 2020 ===
=== Changes 2020 ===
==== 11/06/2020 ====
==== 11/06/2020 ====
Revision as of 10:27, 15 July 2020
PMSS, short of PM Software Stack is a compilation of scripts to manage single server side seedbox configuration, turning instantly and conveniently an regular Debian 8/10 server into a seedbox. Debian 8 support is considered stable, Debian 10 support is considered experimental. It is free to use for anyone, see Installing PM Software Stack.
PMSS supports rTorrent+ruTorrent stack only.
- 1 General features
- 2 Using PMSS
- 3 Debian 8 notes
- 4 Debian 10 notes
- 5 Changelog
- 5.1 Changes 2020
- 5.2 Changes 2019
- 5.3 Changes 2018
- 5.4 Changes 2017
- 5.5 Changes 2016
- 5.5.1 29/12/2016
- 5.5.2 07/12/2016
- 5.5.3 27/10/2016
- 5.5.4 01/10/2016
- 5.5.5 25/09/2016
- 5.5.6 08/09/2016
- 5.5.7 05/09/2016
- 5.5.8 03/09/2016
- 5.5.9 03/08/2016
- 5.5.10 25/07/2016
- 5.5.11 21/02/2016
- 5.5.12 07/02/2016
- 5.5.13 28/01/2016
- 5.5.14 24/01/2016
- 5.5.15 14/01/2016
- 5.5.16 11/01/2016
- 5.5.17 05/01/2016
- 5.5.18 01/01/2016
- 5.6 Changes 2015
- 5.6.1 30/12/2015
- 5.6.2 28/12/2015
- 5.6.3 26/12/2015
- 5.6.4 21/12/2015
- 5.6.5 20/12/2015
- 5.6.6 19/12/2015
- 5.6.7 08/12/2015
- 5.6.8 30/11/2015
- 5.6.9 18/11/2015
- 5.6.10 12/11/2015
- 5.6.11 26/10/2015
- 5.6.12 24/10/2015
- 5.6.13 16/10/2015
- 5.6.14 12/10/2015
- 5.6.15 11/10/2015
- 5.6.16 10/10/2015
- 5.6.17 09/10/2015
- 5.6.18 04/10/2015
- 5.6.19 02/10/2015
- 5.6.20 01/10/2015
- 5.6.21 30/09/2015
- 5.6.22 29/09/2015
- 5.6.23 28/09/2015
- 5.6.24 27/09/2015
- 5.6.25 04/09/2015
- 5.6.26 30/08/2015
- 5.6.27 11/08/2015
- 5.6.28 10/08/2015
- 5.6.29 02/06/2015
- 5.6.30 06/04/2015
- 5.6.31 05/04/2015
- 5.6.32 02/04/2015
- 5.6.33 01/04/2015
- 5.6.34 31/03/2015
- 5.6.35 07/03/2015
- 5.6.36 27/02/2015
- 5.6.37 26/02/2015
- 5.6.38 02/02/2015
- 5.6.39 31/01/2015
- 5.6.40 30/01/2015
- 5.6.41 21/01/2015
- 5.6.42 19/01/2015
- 5.7 Changes 2011-2014
General features
Primary design goals are reliability and ease of server management.
- Automatic installation
- Fast and easy creation of new user accounts with quota and rTorrent resource limits, etc.
- Easy user resource reconfiguration
- Autonomous, idempotent Lighttpd, Nginx, rTorrent configuration
- Single Lighttpd process per user with custom config per user (including php config)
- Public web hosting directory availability for users (/public-USERNAME/)
- Autonomous configuration of server features
- Compiles rTorrent + libTorrent + Quota + XMLRPC from source.
- Multiple redundancy levels for rTorrent
- Lighttpd redundancy / autorestart
- Server optimizations to maximize performance
- Terminate, Suspend/Unsuspend users
- Server administration tools
Using PMSS
See Category:PM Software Stack Guides
Debian 8 notes
Debian 8 support is considered stable, and support for Debian 8 is going to be maintained by estimation until H1 2021. Typical python pip issues still exists, stuff keeps breaking at random intervals with python pip, there is no intent to fix these issues as it is considered wasted work - There is always bound to be showstopper changes with pip, requiring all the installers etc. to be overhauled sometimes weekly. Future version will likely bypass bypass pip completely as pip cannot be relied upon.
Debian 10 notes
Debian 10 support is experimental and not recommended for production yet.
Changes 2020
- util/update-step2.php: Install expect
- util/update-step2.php: Install & compile xmlrpc-c r3116 (bumping version)
Change rtorrent to latest git and libtorrent to the udns branch
- Install.sh: Comment out compiling libtorrent + rtorrent
- lib/update-step2.php: bump to libtorrent udns branch
- lib/update-step2.php: Delete check_port rutorrent plugin
- rutorrent: remove check_port plugin from default plugins. This plugin causes a lot of confusion as it is broken most of the time.
- rclone version bumped to 1.52.1
Basic debian 10 buster support. Experimental still, requires a lot of testing.
- listUsers.php -> fix interpreter path
- addUser.php -> fix interpreter path
- changePw.php -> fix interpreter path
- filecopy.php -> fix interpreter path
- suspend.php -> fix interpreter path
- unsuspend.php -> fix interpreter path
- recreateUser.php -> fix interpreter path
- systemUsers.php -> fix interpreter path
- cron/checkHttpd.php -> fix interpreter path
- util/populateUserDb.php -> fix interpreter path
- util/setupUserHomePermissions.php -> fix interpreter path
- install.sh: Debian 10 support and some cleanup of old deprecated stuff
- util/checkUserHtpasswd.php: quiet error if lighttpd htpasswd file not found & commenting
- lib/apps/packages.php: Debian10 support, some refactoring
- lib/apps/mono.php: install package mono-complete, move deb8 mono install code from sonarr.php here
- lib/apps/sonarr.php: Remove mono installation thing
- lib/apps/radarr.php: Rudimentary radarr installer, but no config or testing yet
- util/update-step2.php: Some refactoring, Debian 10 repos, commenting old deprecated code etc.
- skel/www/rutorrent/plugins/cpuload: Removed. Forgot to remove earlier. It is extremely misleading even at best of times. It only shows processes running: https://github.com/Novik/ruTorrent/wiki/PluginCpuload
- util/update-step2.php: Install tree, ncdu and weechat
- util/update-step2.php: Install tmux
- .rtorrentExecute.php: Add failsafe checks for rtorrent or executor already running, if more than 1x rtorrent running kill all rtorrent instances.
- lib/rtorrentConfig.php: Remove rtorrent.rc custom option from here, it can be done via config
- skel/.rtorrent.rc.custom: Added
- rtorrent.rc template changed to try loading this file
- rtorrent.rc template "modernized", and things moved around etc.
- minimum peers lowered to just a few
- template.nginx-conf: keepalive timeout 65s -> 20s, client max body size 4096M -> 8192M, TLSv1 removed, SSLv3 added
- template.nginx-site-default: HTTPS/SSL Section separate to template.nginx-site-default-default-ssl, replace with placeholder which will cause nginx not to launch unless configured by configurator
- template.nginx-site-default-ssl: added with original config, except protocols changed and ciphers matching let's encrypt
- util/createNginxConfig: make building https/ssl config around either self signed cert, or let's encrypt
- util/setupLetsEncrypt.php: A quick let's encrypt cert install script. Pass e-mail address and all should function
- lib/rtorrentConfig.php: Add support for .rtorrent.rc.custom - this is included on top of the config file, so resource settings should get overwritten and remain same
Bonding interface support
- lib/networkInfo.php: Network information fetching snippet
- util/setupNetwork.php: Refactor link determination stuff to networkInfo.php. Fix static definitions for eth0
- lib/apps/vnstat.php: Use networkInfo output for link + speeds
- cron/trafficLog.php: Use linkspeed to determine maximum usage.
Changes 2019
More rTorrent regression fixes for 0.9.8 -> simple renamings of old config options etc.
- lib/rTorrentConfig.php: Use new template with these fixed, and for memory instead of bytes define as megabytes
rTorrent regressions fix for 0.9.8, described at: https://github.com/Novik/ruTorrent/commit/ec8d8f1887af57793a671258072b59193a5d8d6c
- change skel according to above patch
- util/update-step2.php: update above user files
- Remove use_udp_trackers and extranous use_udp_set from .rtorrent.rc template, and bump date.
- lib/rtorrentConfig.php: Use the new version
- util/update-step2.php: Bump rtorrent version to 0.9.8 libtorrent to 0.13.8
- util/update-step2.php: Remove use_udp_set = yes from local template AND from users
- install.sh: Bump rtorrent version to 0.9.7 libtorrent to 0.13.8
- util/update-step2.php: Fix updating repos and add dist-upgrade -y
- etc/seedbox/config/template.openvpn.server.config: change to use aes-256-cbc cipher
- lib/apps/openvpn.php: Update server config if template has changed
- lib/apps/openvpn.php: Fixed long standing bug with config tar package not being created properly (empty)
- etc/seedbox/config/root.cron: checkDirectories changed to hourly. Add @reboot tasks for checkInstances, checkLighttpdInstances and checkDirectories and have some delays for the @reboot tasks so not everything launches on the same second.
- soft.sh: do not delete scripts directory - usually nothing is removed from here, just added or updated. Removed web proxy removal as we have not had that many years in any case
- util/setupNetwork.php: Added logging tcpsack
- util/update-step2.php: Put date into /var/run/pmss/updated for reference, also make sure dir exists.
- cron/checkGui.php: New cronjob, every 10 mins to check if index.php is intact, copy new one if not. This can occasionally happen when user is over quota and beyond burst period.
- etc/skel/www: index.php, info.php, stats.php, welcome.php updated to the latest being distributed.
- util/setupNetwork.php: Add iptables rule to drop certain size mss, mitigating tcpsack attacks; and further disable tcp_sack kernel
- util/setupNetwork.php: Fix not clearing INPUT rules first, thus making multiples of the same rules.
- util/setupNetwork.php: Dropping specific targets now use insert (to make high on list) and accept rules at bottom
- root.cron: Long standing bug with @reboot setupNetwork cron job fixed. This was causing why OpenVPN does not always function as expected.
- ruTorrent: remove diskspace plugin, and include our own disk quota plugin
- cron/trafficLimits.php: Add unix socket support
- cron/trafficLimits.php: Check & create runtime directory if does not exist
- cron/trafficLimits.php: Issue second traffic limit removal command to make sure it actually happens
- ~/.rtorrentExecute.php: Drop waiting periods to make restart happen faster
- root.cron: Drop checkinstance periods from 5 minutes to 2 minutes for faster restarts
- root.cron: Redirect checkDirectories log output to /dev/null. Cron may not execute if redirected to log directory and log directory does not execute ... making circular issue
- root.cron: Drop traffic stats collection from 5 mins to 10mins
- cron/trafficStats.php: Save daily traffic consumption to ~/.trafficData
- www/info.php: Add chartjs loading
- www/stats.php: Add daily charts for traffic consumption
- util/update-step2.php: Install sox, nzbget
- util/userConfig.php: Removing some commented out code
- RuTorrent updated to latest V3.9 stable release! Not updating existing users yet, only for userspace rebuilds & new users
- config/root.cron: Typoes in the renice commands fixed.
- lib/rtorrentConfig.php: added file exists check and creation in the write config function, in case user has deleted their config file
- cron/trafficStats.php: Check runtime directory readability and change way of creating to via shell
- fix localnet filepermissions on rtorrent conf
- change rtorrent config template scgi settings
- rtorrent config chmods localnet file to 644 to avoid random permission issues
- change rutorrent config scgi settings
- apps/packages.php had a typo this has been fixed.
- apps/rclone.php: bug fixed version checking, every other update would remove rclone completely etc.
- Change jessie repos again, and disable valid until verification for repos to continue functioning as expected
- refactored a lot of apt package install to lib/apps/packages.php
- refactored a lot of package install from install.sh to lib/apps/packages.php
- refactored more python stuff to lib/apps/python.php
- Some update-step2 refactoring on useless legacy stuff, remove api remotekey etc.
- Refactored runtime directories checking from update-step2 as a new cronjob - further found potential security issue where a local user could after reboot gain priviledges to the runtime data in /var/log/pmss or logs /var/log/pmss
- Update jessie repos
- Rework sonarr/nzbdrone installer, staging due to jessie repo changes was a necessity
- create /scripts/lib/apps folder to refactor different application installers for easier maintenance
- lib/apps: did megatools, mono, sonarr installers, btsync
- Added resilio sync THIS IS UNTESTED 100%
- Renamed btsync to be btsync1.4 and created symlink btsync to point to 2.2 WARNING: If you are running btsync 1.4 this might break you
- cron/trafficStats.php: Make sure runtime temp directory exists. Sometimes after reboot this folder might be missing for few hours
- update.php: Remove apt-get update, move it to update-step2. comment out setupApiKey as that is not currently being utilized
- update-step2.php: Remove debian lenny and squeeze repos etc. as those have not been used for years in production. There might still be some wheezy installations in the wild so not touching those.
- update-step2.php: For some bizarre reason there was apt-get install for rar, unrar and mktorrent in the repo configs, removed those but made sure those are installed quickly after
- lib/apps/syncthing.php: Syncthing installer THIS IS UNTESTED 100% it may or may not work. Probably does work.
- lib/apps/openvpn.php: Move it here, some refactoring
- lib/apps/rclone.php: Move installation here, some refactoring and commenting for easier future updates. Version updated to 1.47 let us know if there is regressions due to update
- lib/apps/vnstat.php: Move install + config here, move various spread around bits regarding deb8 conflicts to here as well.
- update-step2.php: More commenting and deb version peculiarity fix refactoring and removing more support bits for deb5+6
- lib/apps/python.php: Beginnings of this nightmare. Only added youtube_dl pip3 install so far.
- util/makeMonitoringRules + cron/trafficLog: localnet file was using wrong path, fixed it to be /etc/seedbox/config/localnet
- update-step2: move above mentioned localnet file during update
- setupSkelPermissions: set localnet file permission to globally readable - yes i know wrong place but there was some openvpn configs already here too
- lib/rtorrentConfig.php: Add localnet preferred ipv4 filtering if file is present
- util/update-step2.php: Install spidermonkey JS engine for pyload use, packages
Changes 2018
- seedbox/config/root.cron: Add ionice classification for cp as idle process
- seedbox/config/root.cron: Add renice & ionice classification for ffmpeg and rclone as lowest priority
- seedbox/config/root.cron: Ever so slightly bump up the ionice classification for rtorrent processes
- seedbox/config/root.cron: Increase process checking frequencies for faster restarts etc.
- util/update-step2.php: Added package 'ranger' to be installed, a ncurses frontend filemanager.
- util/update-step2.php: Install nethack ... Because nethack! ;)
- util/setupSkelPermissions.php: Also sets openvpn config dir perms. TODO refactor, rename etc.
- util/update-step2.php: put openvpn config to the file update list
- util/update-step2.php: change filemanger recycle bin permissions to 771
- util/update-step2.php: re-enable creating openvpn-config.tgz when making the openvpn config the first time
- util/update-step2.php: Install Filebot 4.8.2
- Release was actually a dev version and latest updates were not pushed, this has been fixed. Caused myriad of network accounting issues etc. weird ones.
- proftpdTemplate: Add directive PassivePorts 60000-65535 to always have a known range
- util/setupNetwork.php: Bogon/Martian drop filters. Base groundwork to add a global bad actor banning mechanism (ie. bruteforce attempts)
- util/update-step2.php: Install package ipset
- util/update-step2.php: Compile & install iprange
- util/update-step2.php: Compile & install firehol
- etc/seedbox/config/template.nginx-user: Increase limit rates to: 500MiB full speed, after that 4096KiBps for users. Public remains as low as before.
- etc/seedbox/config/template.nginx-proxy_params: buffering disable
- etc/seedbox/config/template.lighttpd: Increase server max rate to 51200KiBps, and per connection to 16386KiBps, thus allowing nice bursting at beginning of a transfer :)
- util/update-step2.php: remove some very ancient resolver updates
- util/update-step2.php: remove a deprecated testfile removal
- util/setupNetwork.php: Updated link speed parsing
- util/setupNetwork.php: Determine our net link for getting speed with ethtool
- util/makeMonitoringRules.php: Trim localnets file
- cron/trafficLog.php: Trim localnets file
- cron/trafficLog.php: Fix grep clauses and a few other things related to the localnets monitoring
- showTraffic: Remove each line "Traffic", kinda redundant. making it easier to read :)
- cron/trafficStats.php: Logging date typo fix, even heavier parse error message suppression.
- config/root.cron: Increase trafficStats cron to every 5 minutes as well, and wait 20secs for logging to complete
- cron/trafficLog.php: More grep clause fixes, data collection fixes etc. in relation to local networks. Was not saving general data usage.
- showTraffic: Change when to go for larger measurement unit for display purposes.
- lib/traffic.php: Save local data consumption as well.
- util/remote/userTraffic.php: Change output to support "normal" and "local" data consumption metrics
- showTraffic: make username field wider and shorten if -local file being displayed.
- showTraffic: some display output formatting fixes
- cron/trafficStats.php: notice of parse error supression was in wrong place
- cron/trafficLog.php: Change to 1250MB/s max network utilization for 5minute average to enable monitoring. Still #TODO use ethtool to determine this
- cron/trafficLog.php: log local networks separately on -localnet files
- cron/trafficLog.php: Bug fix unmatched traffic metering (wrong file)
- util/makeMonitoringRules.php: Separate local networks traffic monitoring per user, and finally add a "unmatched owner" rule for local networks
- util/makeMonitoringRules.php: formatting fixes
- New optional config file: /etc/seedbox/localnet, you can input your local networks here with same annotation as iptables. One per line
- util/update-step2.php: Some typo fixes
- util/userTransfer.php: Add public web directory and homedir rutorrent settings folder into migration
- util/update-step2.php: Add package python-virtualenv to be installed
- util/update-step2.php: Install gdrivefs, or atleast try ...
- util/update-step2.php: remove python-pip apt package, easy_install it and link properly. This hopefully fixes python pip issues more than creates new issues, but the whole repo is horribly horribly broken with constantly stuff breaking.
- util/update-step2.php: Add unionfs-fuse, sshfs and s3fs packages.
- util/update-step2.php: Fix flexget installation
- util/ftpConfig.php: Template file changed for 16 connectios per user & host max, plus max instances raised to 60 from 30. No changes to that file, just the template
- util/update-step2.php: Updated rclone to version 1.42. Old download link was not functioning anymore, so moved hosting to our own server.
- util/userTransfer.php: Disable compression for transfers. Most data is anyways compressed, so this ensures higher data rates.
- util/update-step2.php: Add installation of genisoimage xorriso
Changes 2017
- cron/trafficStats.php: Fix date formatting for output
- cron/trafficStats.php: Limit parse error messages + make supression if too many (50 for single user)
- rclone update to v1.37
- New rtorrent.rc template file, with some new options enabled
- Rename template.nginx to template.nginx-sites-default
- Add template.nginx-conf for /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
- template.nginx-conf has client_max_body_size 4096M -> Fixes the 1MB file upload size limit which crept back in earlier
- Fix update-step2.php a debian version selector, for which the earlier debug code was for
- Update util/createNginxConfig.php to match above templating changes
- Added packages htop mtr aria2 to be installed by default
- Deb8 specific package setups regarding git and znc debug + extra apt-get instructions to attempt get git installing finally
- Add also systemctl instruction for lighttpd not to start
- Yet another vnstat fix (permissions)
- Fix rclone install path
- cron/cpuStat.php: Collect CPU usage stats, user, nice, sys and idle for 2mins. Saves to /var/run and http publicly fetchable serialized output
- config/root.cron: Add cpuStat to run every 15mins, after 45sec delay (avoid other scheduled cronjobs this way)
- util/update-step2.php: Hack for nzbdrone & mono to get them installed on a Debian 8 system
- util/update-step2.php: Deb8: get prepackaged easy-rsa and configure openvpn, make path issue symlinks to avoid deb8 issues
- util/update-step2.php: revert back to deb7 specific openvpn config to be the normal case and add selection for differences between deb8/deb7.
- util/update-step2.php: remove deb8 speficic openvpn rsa config
- rtorrent.rc min peers setting increased slightly
- lib/rtorrentConfig.php: revamp port selection method
- util/update-step2.php: Refactoring on git, znc, python3, acd_cli installation (deb8 specific) in an attempt to figure out Deb8 issues regarding these (part installed, part not!)
- util/update-step2.php: added lighttpd to list of daemons not to be run as system (only per user). TODO still is to check runlevel management changes for Deb8 (many repo pkgs has not been updated neither)
- cron/cgroup.php: Do not execute currently, not complete
- cron/diskIostat.php: Some commenting and slight refactor
- cron/trafficStats.php: refactor, commenting, couple typo fixes
- cron/checkInstances.php: Slight refactoring, some commeting and clarifying
- cron/checkQuotas.php: remove API calls, that method is deprecated
- cron/trafficLog.php: adding a few code comments, increase temp file entropy
Changes 2016
- skel/rutorrent/plugins/autools/plugin.info: add to info note for watch dir breaking things
- plugins/autotools/lang: added warnings to en, de, fi, es
- install.sh: add zip pkg
- install.sh: add -j make parameter
- util/update-step2.php: add -j make parameter
- util/update-step2.php: add zip pkg
- addUser.php: comment out retracker stuff
- util/update-step2.php: (Re)install git, some updates on pkg management on deb8
- util/update-step2.php: Fix vnstat not updating on deb8
- util/update-step2.php: Install Acdcli for amazon cloud drive access
- cron/diskIostat.php: fail if no serial block devices found
- cron/diskSmart.php: Added to collect smart data of disk drives
- cron/diskIostat.php: Include server timestamp on the results
- config/root.cron: Collect IOStat results every 5mins instead of 15mins (2min average)
- util/update-step2.php: Add pigz (parallel implementation of gzip, [1]) to be installed
- util/update-step2.php: Small refactoring on apt package installs
- lib/update.php: ruTorrent config add setting top directory correctly, filemanager plugin for example requires this
- util/update-step2.php: Add Jessie (Deb8) repors
- util/update-step2.php: Add OpenVPN config for Jessie, OpenVPN config now distro specific
- util/update-step2.php: Remove some old (deb5/6) apt-get instructions
- util/update-step2.php: Debian 8 ffmpeg install from backports added
- util/update-step2.php: znc package selection for Deb8
Preliminary support for deb8, most things work.
- install.sh: Lots small changes to add support for deb8
- util/update-step2.php: Added headers to launch from cli
- util/update-step2.php: Install funcsigs pip package, slight update to upgrade list of packages for flexget
- Small visual updates
- util/update-step2.php: Removed some apt-get instructions as they are in install.sh already
- install.sh: Some slight refactoring on the package installs
- util/update-step2.php: Install rclone
- cron/diskIostat.php: Make iostat current stats available also via direct http download
- checkInstances.php: Typo fix
- checkLighttpdInstances.php: Typo fix
- terminateUser: Comments, multiple killall and userdel directives as procs sometimes just don't want to die ... or are being relaunced. TODO check why this actually happens instead of this hack
- cron/checkInstances.php: If user is suspended, skip trying to start rTorrent ... Infact kill all procs :)
- cron/checkLighttpdInstances.php: Same thing here
- cron/trafficLimits: Some refactoring, adjusting limits for new speed caps and added code to choose limit level based on total traffic limit as well (512K/s allowed to do more than limit on minimal plans)
- lib/rtorrentXmlrpc: Add function for setting download rate
- cron/trafficLimits: Restrict download speed as well IF entry plan (less than 500GiB traffic limit) to 20Mbps
- update-step2: Install libffi-dev, python-dev, pyopenssl ndg-httpsclient pyasn1 cryptography for better flexget support
- update-step2: replace some nameservers with sed to OpenDNS (Online.net is censoring some trackers)
- update-step2: Removed creating /etc/autodl.cfg, instead removing it, as it's not a prerequisite for autodl anymore and we can allow all permissions.
- addUser.php: Set also user homedir .trafficLimit file (so we can display it in GUI), slight refactor on this section
- util/userTrafficLimit.php: Same thing as above
- (GUI) Stats: Added traffic limit number
- (GUI) Welcome page: Added meter for traffic limit
- util/update-step2: Initially typoed filename as tesfile, remove that and create the correct file
- util/update-step2: Create /var/www/testfile, 100M random data
- cron/diskIostat: Added history logging raw output (We are seeing IOPS outputs of 1000+ from magnetic drives, so need debug data for that)
- cron/diskIostat: History logging wrong output mode (should've been append).
Changes 2015
- update-step2: Refactoring the openvpn setup section, which also bug fixes the situation where openvpn is setup but configs for users were not made
- upate-step2: Bug fix: cgroup-bin apt-get did not have autoconfirm, requiring human intervention to complete update
- cron/trafficLog: Log www-data & unmatched traffic as well
- cron/trafficStats: Parse for all log files found on logging dir, so includes unmatched, www-data, terminated users etc.
- cron/trafficStats: Log total data for the month period
- cron/trafficStats: Removing legacy code, small refactoring and commenting bits
- showTraffic: Show for all data files found
- lib/traffic.php: saveUserTraffic now saves to /var/run/pmss/trafficStats, and creates that directory if it does not exist
- lib/traffic.php: Bug fix: Skipped if data exceeded 7500Mb in 5mins... that's only 25MB/s. Now limit is 500MB/s with 150 000MiB check.
- showTraffic: Now uses /var data files. Instead of skipping on missing, throw an error
- showTraffic: If data is 0 for the month, skip displaying this user (gone already)
- util/makeMonitoringRules.php: Add 'www-data' to list of users
- showTraffic: Display month total across all users in TiB
- util/update-step2: Fix vnstat configuration typo to set the maximum link speed to 1Gbps
- cron/cgroup.php: Created, initial version. Needs quite a bit of refactoring, testing level right now.
- util/update-step2: install cgroup-bin, add fstab cgroup entry and mount it
- etc/seedbox/config/root.cron: Add cgroup cron job, execute once per hour
- update-step2: run apt-get upgrade at the end
- update-step2: Install btsync 2.2, as btsync2.2. System will have 1.4 as btsync and 2.2 as btsync2.2
- update-step2: separate setup apt sources.list.d/sonarr.list. This also means Sonarr will now update normally.
- createNginxConfig.php: Now always run lighttpd config. This is a bug fix, where manually changed lighttpd port would eventually mismatch on nginx
- configureLighttpd.php: Increased potential port range.
- skel/.lighttpd/custom: Empty file created to avoid warnings. This is where users can input their custom lighttpd settings if they need some.
- userTransfer.php: Added .lighttpd/custom for migration
- userTransfer.php: Decreased the time for re-attempting user migration
- recreateUser.php: Also copy htpasswd file from old version
- (GUI) Change welcome page quota display to use Kibibyte format to avoid confusion.
A privileged user could use an internet download manager to basicly DOS the server with huge amount of threads trying to download large files (gigs in size), with sufficient thread quantity eventually linux kernel couldn't schedule any I/O time for disk nor ram for essential applications such as SSH. This could not be done by unprivileged user since requirement is very large file sizes. This would lead to a race condition as nginx wants to cache as fast as possible, hence "downloading" from user lighttpd process as fast as possible, which results in heavy RAM consumption and 'especially' heavy disk I/O activity - with sufficient threads scheduling breaks down.
- template.lighttpd: Introduce per connection rate limit (2048k/s) and global rate limit (12800k/s)
- template.nginx-user: Introduce user con limit to 16, rate limit (2048k/s) after 100MiB
- template.nginx-user: Introduce public con limit to 8, rate limit (512k/s) after 100MiB
- tmeplate.nginx: Add shared memory zone for connection limits
- util/userConfig.php: Lower limit on filesLimit for very small disk quotas, set to 15000
- (GUI) welcome.php: Display of /etc/seedbox/config/vendorWelcome moved to top of the welcome page
- cron: renice mono and ionice mktorrent added
- update-step2: install some perl modules
- .lighttpd.conf: Add include_shell for .lighttpd/custom for user custom settings
- .lighttpd.conf: Add rutorrent no cache headers, and also add mod_setenv to be loaded
- rtorrent.rc template: Increased base buffers
- rutorrent/plugins/hddquota: Bumped version to 1.15
- ruTorrent: Updated to version 3.7
- install.sh: Bumped rTorrent/libTorrent to 0.9.6/0.13.6, bumped xmlrpc-c to revision 2776
- rTorrent: Updated to 0.9.6/0.13.6
- update-step2: Make openvpn config package even if this is not an install run
- update-step2: fix flexget install if clause
- pulsedBox: Login for mds now fixed
- ruTorrent: Changed URI for css & js files to make sure cached copies are not attempted with new version
- update-step2: put back in to update ruTorrent index.html
- update-step2: Configure OpenVPN, Create certs, create client config package and provide files to users at /home/openvpn-**servername**.ovpn and /home/openvpn-**servername**.crt where as dots (.) have been replaced with dashes (-)
- update-step2: Make a tarball of OpenVPN config in skel, and provide it to userspace as well.
- setupNetwork.php: Create OpenVPN masquerade rules
- (GUI) welcome.php: Add beta disclaimer to ownCloud
- update-step2: Oops, openvpn config should probably reside under www
- update-step2: trim hostname before using for filename
- update-step2: flexget installation string match fix
- update-step2: Install mkvtoolnix, add mkvtoolnix repo
- userConfig: Refactoring on ruTorrent stuff
- update-step2: Refactoring on ruTorrent stuff
- skel/www/rutorrent: Updated to latest with new plugins
- etc/seedbox/config/template.rutorrent.config: Updated to new
- etc/seedbox/config/template.rutorrent.access: Updated to new
- lib/update: Add rutorrent config function
- userConfig: Change to using that function
- update-step2: Reconfigure ruTorrent
- update-step2: Reordering all together everything related to ruTorrent on per user basis and some refactoring
- ruTorrent Update Latest version, should migrate settings etc. and reconfig properly :)
- update-step2: removal of removing check port plugin. Seems to be working ok again?
- update-step2: Install flexget, buildtools32, python-pip
- install.sh: Slight reordering of package installs to make initial setup even faster (human time wise)
- install.sh: Add lftp to be installed
- update-step2: Add lftp to be installed
- php.ini: Default memory max increased to 512MiB, upload max filesize to 16GiB and max simultaneous uploads to 50
- addUser.php: refactoring and adding a chown to make sure everything is setup allright in regards of retrackers
- update-step2: Another fix for retrackers related stuff
- userPermissions.php: Couple small fixes related to the above
- Small update to rTorrent + libtorrent, faster tracker check interval default setting, and close idle connections faster
- install.sh: Refactoring to have all questions at the beginning
- install.sh: Added many of the pkgs from update-step2 here, so we can later on remove them from update-step2
- util/setupNetwork.php: commented out link speed determination - not required
- install.sh: sysfs added net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
- setupNetwork.php: added enabling ipv4 ip forward
- userPermissions.php: path fixes
- addUser.php: Typo fix
- (GUI) welcome.php: Updated with owncloud install link, and removed the need to visit setup-owncloud-finish.php
- (GUI) Frames: Added owncloud tab if present
- skel/www/setup-owncloud-finish.php: removed
- update-step2: removed setup-owncloud-finish.php, and made owncloud setup file insertion conditional
- (GUI) welcome.php: Organized the download links and fixed them :)
- (GUI) welcome.php: Fixed quota warning var giving notices on error log
- (GUI) stats.php: Changed getting IP to remote service
- update-step2, addUser.php, userPermissions.php: Continuum of the earlier, apparently there's a slight logic error on ruTorrent preventing torrents directory from being created
- update-step2: Fixed permissions bug introduced by yesterday's changes
- addUser.php: Same fix as above
- userPermissions.php: Fixing retroactively these. This is executed on server update.
- checkInstances: Killing possible rTorrent processes fix.
- root cron: Change check Lighttpd for every 5 mins, delay beginning 30 secs
- error-502: Wording change
- addUser & update-step2: Adding retracker plugin config
- createNginxConfig: Trim port number added
- configureLighttpd: Increased potential port range
- terminateUser: Remove lighttpd port config and nginx config
- terminateUser: Some wording changes shown to user.
- Nginx: Custom 502 error page
- util/createNginxConfig.php: Add template for proxy_params
- Nginx: Increase proxy read timeout to 120s
- skel/.lighttpd/php.ini: Increase max execution time to 90s and increase max memory to 256M per process! Increase Max file upload size from 2M to 32M, POST max size from 8MB to 32MB
- update-step2: Fix owncloud setup files path.
- update-step2: Add php.ini to the files to be updated
- update-step2: Install packages flac, lame, lame-doc and mp3diags
- cron/diskIostat.php: Add disk quantity
- cron/diskIostat.php: fix output camelCase
- Added ownCloud installers - Install is now very simple and easy!
- template.lighttpd: Added ownCloud directives for security
- util/update-step2.php: Added update-rc.d lighttpd remove
- util/update-step2.php: Added copying latest ownCloud setup files
- cron/diskIostat.php: bug fix on device selection, on some edge cases the grouping was chosen incorrectly
- cron/diskIostat.php: Added cron job to gather current iostat info, 120 sec data
- cron.d/pmss: Run diskIostat every 15 mins
- util/userPermissions.php: Fixed xargs argument bug for delimiter
- cron/diskIostat.php: Added logging to -history file as well for historic data, for potential later needs
- userPermissions.php: Find all directories under user account and chmod them to 751 (default directory permissions: rwxr-x--x).
- userPermissions.php: Chmod .ssh if the directory exists
- userPermissions.php: Chowning as well to make sure right user & group owns the directory.
- updates-step2.php: Added ZNC and ZNC-EXTRA packages
- configureLighttpd.php: Typo fix
Some bug fixing to yesterday's release
- userPermissions.php: chmod 771 couple temp dirs for each user's lighttpd
- update-step2.php: apt-get remove go git mercurial added since these packages are not needed
This release is all about converting to per user lighttpd processes and several bug fixes, and hence enhancing service quality and security while opening the door for future new feature developments. This also adds capability for public web hosting from the seedbox.
- install.sh: remove packages golang git mercurial
- update-step2: remove packages golang git mercurial
- install.sh: also put into fstab vfsv1 instead of vfsv0
- update-step2: remove migration to vfsv1 since this is prone to breaking quota data. need to look for better migration method.
- etc/seedbox/config/template.lighttpd added and created
- etc/skel/lighttpd directory added
- etc/seedbox/config/template.nginx-user added and created
- etc/seedbox/config/template.nginx added and created
- util/configureLighttpd.php: Created configurator for per user lighttpd configs
- etc/skel/lighttpd/compress directory added
- etc/skel/lighttpd/upload directory added
- template.lighttpd: both password protected (normal GUI) and public web directories included in the config where user can run whatever they please.
- changePw.php: changes now the per user htpasswd file (username/.lighttpd/.htpasswd)
- addUser.php: use changePw.php script instead of set in the file
- addUser.php: if password rand has been passed, use a random password.
- addUser.php: remove chmod rules
- addUser.php: if runtime/trafficLimits dir does not exist, create it
- addUser.php: use configureLighttpd.php script instead of setting it up hardcoded within the script
- addUser.php: change expire date to 2100-01-01
- addUser.php: Do not add user to www-data group
- util/createNginxConfig.php: Create per user proxy config files (idempotent) and set default nginx config from template
- createNginxConfig: Create SSL config.
- template.nginx: Include SSL config
- scripts/startLighttpd added and created
- scripts/cron/checkLighttpdInstances.php added and created
- update-step2: Added all the lighttpd configuring, installing packages, managing processes etc. there. This should be the bulk of conversion
- addUser.php: create nginx config, and restart nginx
- config/root.cron: Comment out checkHttpd for now and add checkLighttpdInstances in there
- userConfig.php: Do not launch traffic limit script if none has been passed
- lib/rtorrentConfig.php: If no logger, do not echo the contents (rel: addUser.php needlessly echoing rtorrent config)
- changePw.php: if password defined it's not set to correct variable and thus cannot set password
- changePw.php: Also check for existence of per user htpasswd file!
- util/checkUserHtpasswd.php: Created to move the user's password from global to per user.
- update-step2: run checkUserHtpasswd.php and restart all lighttpd processes
- update-step2: lots of permissions updates
- update-step2: remove some deprecated, commented out code
- util/userPermissions.php: created this to set all the folder and file permissions for the user directory. Now they are in one place!
- addUser.php: use userPermissions.php
- update-step2: use userPermissions.php
- template.lighttpd: Use per user php.ini and change fcgi settings a bit
- skel/.lighttpd/php.ini added
- configureLighttpd.php: Add .lighttpd dir if it doesn't exist yet, separately check for php.ini as well.
- update-step2: Do not remove autotools plugin if it is present
- update-step2: add package ntp
- checkUserHtpasswd.php: Chown the newly created .htpasswd file
- userPermissions.php: set htpasswd file perms as well
- update-step2: move earlier in the process to make the move to nginx etc. for working conversions. make sure lighttpd processes are stopped.
- update.php: remove recreateLighttpdConfig & restart, replace with nginx
- release packager: include .lighttpd directory into the skel package.
- userPermissions.php: some chowns and extra rules required for smooth conversion
- terminateUser.php: replace lighttpd related commands with nginx replacements
- terminateUser.php: remove deleting htpasswd. Add deleting home dir in case userdel does not remove it
- recreateUser.php: Changed to fit the new model.
- configureLighttpd.php: Also check for public html directory
- update-step2: Do the configs twice to be certain, as another update step might have affected.
- quotaFix.php: added -n flag for quotacheck to automatically answer questions
- install.sh: Update quota vfsv0 to vfsv1 to support large quotas
- update-step2: Update quota vfsv0 to vfsv1 to support large quotas, and commit change + execute quotaFix
- update-step2: Check if user is suspended, if so do not make updates
- update-step2: Reinstalling unpack plugin for ruTorrent which was earlier removed for abuse causing extremely high loads on a server
- update-step2: moved the location of nzbdrone repos to the normal repo list, cannot move sonarr because https transport needs to be first installed.
- update-step2: Refactored stopping & disabling services not needed for "global" user
- update-step2: added apt-get -f install -y to fix potentially broken or missing dependencies
- update-step2: Forgot to add -y toggle for sabnzbdplus package install requiring manual intervention
- install.sh: Added locate apt package, since some minimal installs are missing this
- update-step2: Added locate apt package
- install.sh: Added python-pycurl, python-crypto, python-central packages
- update-step2: Install pyLoad and dependencies python-pycurl, python-crypto, python-central, golang, git, mercurial
- install.sh & update-step2: Install packages gcc g++ gettext python-cheetah curl fuse glib-networking libglib2.0-dev libfuse-dev apt-transport-https
- update-step2: Compile & install Megatools from source
- update-step2: Re-ordered package installs as some installation & compilations were attempted BEFORE installing the dependiences.
- update-step2: get, compile and install Mono 3.8.0
- update-step2: Install Sonarr / Nzbdrone. To start it execute mono /opt/NzbDrone/NzbDrone.exe and then browse to http://servername.pulsedmedia.com:8989 - remember to change port and set security + authentication credentials!
- update-step2: To make sure they are not running for non-specific seedbox user, stop btsync and pyload, and update-rc.d disable them
- update-step2: Install sabnzbdplus
- update-step2: ntpdate for some reason was not installed by default - included this on update
- update-step2: now vnstat config is checked on every update
- update-step2: vnstatConfig also sets maxbandwidth higher
- apt-get clean & update for some reason missing from update.php - added, and also temporarily for step2
- Security update on lighttpd config.
- btsync sample config now in skel as .btsync.conf-sample
- btsync binary added to /usr/bin/btsync now.
- rutorrent/share/settings/rss folder was missing, created to skel and added to update for creating it
- trafficStats: Added logging also date & time. For some reason this was not logged.
- trafficLog: removed serverApi calls as cnc is not utilized anymore
- skel/www/rutorrent/plugins/check_port removed as well. was prior removed only on update. this plugin doesn't function anymore as expected.
- some debug logging added for trafficStats cron
Changes 2011-2014
Can be found at PM Software Stack Changelog 2011-2014


text:
DRAFT: IPv6 Address Allocation and Assignment Policy
How to read this draft document:
This document relates to RIPE policy proposal 2010-06 - Registration Requirements for IPv6 End User Assignments. If approved, it will replace ripe-481. To show you how the new document would be different to the old one, we have highlighted any new text or changes to the existing text.
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This document defines registry policies for the assignment and allocation of globally unique IPv6 addresses to Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and other organisations. It was developed through joint discussions among the APNIC, ARIN and RIPE communities.
1. Introduction
1.1. Overview
2. Definitions
2.1. Internet Registry (IR)
2.2. Regional Internet Registry (RIR)
2.3. National Internet Registry (NIR)
2.4. Local Internet Registry (LIR)
2.5. Allocate
2.6. Assign
2.7. Utilisation
2.8. HD-Ratio
2.9. End Site
3. Goals of IPv6 address space management
3.1. Goals
3.2. Uniqueness
3.3. Registration
3.4. Aggregation
3.5. Conservation
3.6. Fairness
3.7. Minimised Overhead
3.8. Conflict of Goals
4. IPv6 Policy Principles
4.1. Address space not to be considered property
4.2. Routability not guaranteed
4.3. Minimum Allocation
4.4. Consideration of IPv4 Infrastructure
5. Policies for allocations and assignments
5.1. Initial allocation
5.1.1. Initial allocation criteria
5.1.2. Initial allocation size
5.2. Subsequent allocation
5.2.1. Subsequent allocation criteria
5.2.2. Applied HD-Ratio
5.2.3. Subsequent Allocation Size
5.3. LIR-to-ISP allocation
5.4. Assignment
5.4.1. Assignment address space size
5.4.2. Assignments shorter than a /48 to a single End Site
5.4.3. Assignment to operator's infrastructure
5.5. Registration
5.6. Reverse lookup
5.7. Existing IPv6 address space holders
6. Assignments for Internet Experiments
6.1. Defining the experiment
6.2. Publication
6.3. Non-commercial basis
6.4. Period of the temporary resource registration
6.5. Registration
6.6. Making the request
7. Anycasting TLD and Tier 0/1 ENUM Nameservers
8. IPv6 Provider Independent (PI) Assignments
8.1 IPv6 Provider Independent (PI) Assignments for LIRs
9. References
10.Appendix A: HD-Ratio
11. Appendix B: Background information
11.1 Background
11.2. Why a joint policy?
11.3. The size of IPv6's address space
11.4. Acknowledgment
1. Introduction
1.1. Overview
This document describes policies for the allocation and assignment of globally unique Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address space.
[RFC 4291] designates 2000::/3 to be global unicast address space that the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) may allocate to the RIRs. In accordance with [RFC 4291], IANA allocated initial ranges of global unicast IPv6 address space from the 2000::/3 address block to the RIRs. This document concerns the initial and subsequent allocations of the 2000::/3 unicast address space, for which RIRs formulate allocation and assignment policies. All bits to the left of /64 are in scope.
This policy is subject to future review and potential revision, subject to continuing experience in the administration of IPv6.
2. Definitions
[Note: some of these definitions will be replaced by definitions from other RIR documents in order to be more consistent.]
The following terms and their definitions are of particular importance to the understanding of the goals, environment and policies described in this document.
Responsibility for management of IPv6 address spaces is distributed globally in accordance with the hierarchical structure shown below.
2.1. Internet Registry (IR)
An Internet Registry is an organisation that is responsible for distributing IP address space to its members or customers and for registering those distributions. IRs are classified according to their primary function and territorial scope within the hierarchical structure depicted in the figure above.
2.2. Regional Internet Registry (RIR)
Regional Internet Registries are established and authorised by respective regional communities and recognised by the IANA to serve and represent large geographical regions. The primary role of RIRs is to manage and distribute public Internet address space within their respective regions.
2.3. National Internet Registry (NIR)
A National Internet Registry primarily allocates address space to its members or constituents, which are generally LIRs organised at a national level. NIRs exist mostly in the Asia Pacific region.
2.4. Local Internet Registry (LIR)
A Local Internet Registry is an IR that primarily assigns address space to the users of the network services that it provides. LIRs are generally ISPs whose customers are primarily End Users and possibly other ISPs.
2.5. Allocate
To "allocate" means to distribute address space to IRs for the purpose of subsequent distribution by them.
2.6. Assign
To "assign" means to delegate address space to an ISP or End User for specific use within the Internet infrastructure they operate. Assignments must only be made for specific purposes documented by specific organisations and are not to be sub-assigned to other parties.
2.7. Utilisation
The actual usage of addresses within each assignment may be low when compared to IPv4 assignments. In IPv6, "utilisation" is only measured in terms of the bits to the left of the efficiency measurement unit (/56). In other words, "utilisation" effectively refers to the assignment of network prefixes to End Sites and not the number of addresses assigned within individual End Site assignments.
Throughout this document, the term "utilisation" refers to the assignment of network prefixes to End Sites and not the number of addresses assigned within individual subnets within those End Sites.
2.8. HD-Ratio
The HD-Ratio is a way of measuring the efficiency of address assignment [RFC 3194 ]. It is an adaptation of the H-Ratio originally defined in [RFC 1715 ] and is expressed as follows:
Log (number of allocated objects)
Log (maximum number of allocatable objects)
where (in the case of this document) the objects are IPv6 site addresses assigned from an IPv6 prefix of a given size.
2.9. End Site
An End Site is defined as an End User (subscriber) who has a business or legal relationship (same or associated entities) with a service provider that involves:
that service provider assigning address space to the End User
that service provider providing transit service for the End User to other sites
that service provider carrying the End User's traffic
that service provider advertising an aggregate prefix route that contains the End User's assignment
3. Goals of IPv6 address space management
3.1. Goals
IPv6 address space is a public resource that must be managed in a prudent manner with regards to the long-term interests of the Internet. Responsible address space management involves balancing a set of sometimes competing goals. The following are the goals relevant to IPv6 address policy.
3.2. Uniqueness
Every assignment and/or allocation of address space must guarantee uniqueness worldwide. This is an absolute requirement for ensuring that every public host on the Internet can be uniquely identified.
3.3. Registration
Internet address space must be registered in a registry database accessible to appropriate members of the Internet community. This is necessary to ensure the uniqueness of each Internet address and to provide reference information for Internet troubleshooting at all levels, ranging from all RIRs and IRs to End Users.
The goal of registration should be applied within the context of reasonable privacy considerations and applicable laws.
3.4. Aggregation
Wherever possible, address space should be distributed in a hierarchical manner, according to the topology of network infrastructure. This is necessary to permit the aggregation of routing information by ISPs and to limit the expansion of Internet routing tables.
This goal is particularly important in IPv6 addressing, where the size of the total address pool creates significant implications for both internal and external routing.
IPv6 address policies should seek to avoid fragmentation of address ranges.
Further, RIRs should apply practices that maximise the potential for subsequent allocations to be made contiguous with past allocations currently held. However, there can be no guarantee of contiguous allocation.
3.5. Conservation
Although IPv6 provides an extremely large pool of address space, address policies should avoid unnecessarily wasteful practices. Requests for address space should be supported by appropriate documentation and stockpiling of unused addresses should be avoided.
3.6. Fairness
All policies and practices relating to the use of public address space should apply fairly and equitably to all existing and potential members of the Internet community, regardless of their location, nationality, size, or any other factor.
3.7. Minimised overhead
It is desirable to minimise the overhead associated with obtaining address space. Overhead includes the need to go back to RIRs for additional space too frequently, the overhead associated with managing address space that grows through a number of small successive incremental expansions rather than through fewer, but larger, expansions.
3.8. Conflict of goals
The goals described above will often conflict with each other, or with the needs of individual IRs or End Users. All IRs evaluating requests for allocations and assignments must make judgments, seeking to balance the needs of the applicant with the needs of the Internet community as a whole.
In IPv6 address policy, the goal of aggregation is considered to be the most important.
4. IPv6 Policy Principles
To address the goals described in the previous section, the policies in this document discuss and follow the basic principles described below.
4.1. Address space not to be considered property
It is contrary to the goals of this document and is not in the interests of the Internet community as a whole for address space to be considered freehold property.
The policies in this document are based upon the understanding that globally unique IPv6 unicast address space is licensed for use rather than owned. Specifically, IP addresses will be allocated and assigned on a license basis, with licenses subject to renewal on a periodic basis. The granting of a license is subject to specific conditions applied at the start or renewal of the license.
RIRs will generally renew licenses automatically, provided requesting organisations are making a "good faith" effort at meeting the criteria under which they qualified for or were granted an allocation or assignment. However, in those cases where a requesting organisation is not using the address space as intended, or is showing bad faith in following through on the associated obligation, RIRs reserve the right to not renew the license. Note that when a license is renewed, the new license will be evaluated under and governed by the applicable IPv6 address policies in place at the time of renewal, which may differ from the policy in place at the time of the original allocation or assignment.
4.2. Routability not guaranteed
There is no guarantee that any address allocation or assignment will be globally routable.
However, RIRs must apply procedures that reduce the possibility of fragmented address space which may lead to a loss of routability.
4.3. Minimum allocation
The minimum allocation size for IPv6 address space is /32.
4.4. Consideration of IPv4 infrastructure
Where an existing IPv4 service provider requests IPv6 space for eventual transition of existing services to IPv6, the number of present IPv4 customers may be used to justify a larger request than would be justified if based solely on the IPv6 infrastructure.
5. Policies for Allocations and Assignments
5.1. Initial allocation
5.1.1. Initial allocation criteria
To qualify for an initial allocation of IPv6 address space, an organisation must:
a) be an LIR;
b) have a plan for making sub-allocations to other organisations and/or End Site assignments within two years.
5.1.2. Initial allocation size
Organisations that meet the initial allocation criteria are eligible to receive a minimum allocation of /32.
Organisations may qualify for an initial allocation greater than /32 by submitting documentation that reasonably justifies the request. If so, the allocation size will be based on the number of existing users and the extent of the organisation's infrastructure.
5.2. Subsequent allocation
Organisations that hold an existing IPv6 allocation may receive a subsequent allocation in accordance with the following policies.
5.2.1. Subsequent allocation criteria
Subsequent allocation will be provided when an organisation (i.e. ISP/LIR) satisfies the evaluation threshold of past address utilisation in terms of the number of sites in units of /56 assignments. The HD-Ratio [RFC 3194] is used to determine the utilisation thresholds that justify the allocation of additional address as described below.
5.2.2. Applied HD-Ratio
The HD-Ratio value of 0.94 is adopted as indicating an acceptable address utilisation for justifying the allocation of additional address space. Appendix A provides a table showing the number of assignments that are necessary to achieve an acceptable utilisation value for a given address block size.
5.2.3. Subsequent allocation size
When an organisation has achieved an acceptable utilisation for its allocated address space, it is immediately eligible to obtain an additional allocation that results in a doubling of the address space allocated to it. Where possible, the allocation will be made from an adjacent address block, meaning that its existing allocation is extended by one bit to the left.
If an organisation needs more address space, it must provide documentation justifying its requirements for a two-year period. The allocation made will be based on this requirement.
5.3. LIR-to-ISP allocation
There is no specific policy for an organisation (LIR) to allocate address space to subordinate ISPs. Each LIR organisation may develop its own policy for subordinate ISPs to encourage optimum utilisation of the total address block allocated to the LIR. However, all /48 assignments to End Sites are required to be registered either by the LIR or its subordinate ISPs in such a way that the RIR/NIR can properly evaluate the HD-Ratio when a subsequent allocation becomes necessary.
5.4. Assignment
LIRs must make IPv6 assignments in accordance with the following provisions.
5.4.1. Assignment address space size
End Users are assigned an End Site assignment from their LIR or ISP. The size of the assignment is a local decision for the LIR or ISP to make, using a minimum value of a /64 (only one subnet is anticipated for the End Site).
5.4.2. Assignment of multiple /48s to a single End Site
When a single End Site requires an assignment shorter than a /48, it must request the assignment with documentation or materials that justify the request. Requests for multiple or additional prefixes exceeding a /48 assignment for a single End Site will be processed and reviewed (i.e., evaluation of justification) at the RIR/NIR level.
Note: There is no experience at the present time with the assignment of multiple network prefixes to the same End Site. Having the RIR review all such assignments is intended to be a temporary measure until some experience has been gained and some common policies can be developed. In addition, additional work at defining policies in this space will likely be carried out in the near future.
5.4.3. Assignment to operator's infrastructure
An organisation (i.e. ISP/LIR) may assign a network prefix per PoP as the service infrastructure of an IPv6 service operator. Each assignment to a PoP is regarded as one assignment regardless of the number of users using the PoP. A separate assignment can be obtained for the in-house operations of the operator.
5.5. Registration
When an organisation holding an IPv6 address allocation makes IPv6 address assignments, it must register assignment information in a database, accessible by RIRs as appropriate. (Information registered by an RIR/NIR may be replaced by a distributed database for registering address management information in future). Information is registered at the granularity of End Site assignments. When more than a /48 is assigned to an organisation, the assigning organisation is responsible for ensuring that the address space is registered in an RIR/NIR database.
RIR/NIRs will use registered data to calculate the HD-Ratio at the time of application for subsequent allocation and to check for changes in assignments over time.
IRs shall maintain systems and practices that protect the security of personal and commercial information that is used in request evaluation, but which is not required for public registration.
5.5. Registration
When an organisation holding an IPv6 address allocation makes IPv6 address assignments, it must register these assignments in the appropriate RIR database.
These registrations can either be made as individual assignments or by inserting a object with a status value of 'AGGREGATED-BY-LIR' where the "assignment-size:" attribute contains the size of the individual assignments made to End Users.When more than a /48 is assigned to an organisation, it must be registered in the database as a separate object with status 'ASSIGNED'.
In case of an audit or when making a request for a subsequent allocation, the LIR must be able to present statistics showing the number of individual assignments made in all objects with a status of 'AGGREGATED-BY-LIR' in such a way the RIR is able to calculate and verify the actual HD-ratio.
5.6. Reverse lookup
When an RIR/NIR delegates IPv6 address space to an organisation, it also delegates the responsibility to manage the reverse lookup zone that corresponds to the allocated IPv6 address space. Each organisation should properly manage its reverse lookup zone. When making an address assignment, the organisation must delegate to an assignee organisation, upon request, the responsibility to manage the reverse lookup zone that corresponds to the assigned address.
5.7. Existing IPv6 address space holders
Organisations that received /35 IPv6 allocations under the previous IPv6 address policy are immediately entitled to have their allocation expanded to a /32 address block without providing justification so long as they satisfy the criteria in Section 5.1.1.
The /32 address block will contain the already allocated smaller address block (one or multiple /35 address blocks in many cases) that was already reserved by the RIR for a subsequent allocation to the organisation. Requests for additional space beyond the minimum /32 size will be evaluated as discussed elsewhere in the document.
6.0 Assignments for Internet Experiments
Organisations often require deployment tests for new Internet services and technologies. These require numbering resources for the duration of the test.
The policy goal of resource conservation is of reduced importance when resources are issued on a temporary basis.
6.1 Defining the experiment
An organisation receiving numbering resources must document the experiment. This may be in the form of a current IETF Experimental RFC ([2026] see Sec. 4.2.1) or an "experiment proposal" detailing the resources required and the activities to be carried out.
6.2 Publication
The experiment proposal must be made public (e.g. published on web site), upon registration of the resources by the RIPE NCC. Following the conclusion of the experiment the results must be published free of charge and free from disclosure constraints.
6.3 Non-commercial basis
Resources issued for an experiment must not be used for commercial purposes.
6.4 Period of the Temporary Resource Registration
The resources will be issued on a temporary basis for a period of one year. Renewal of the resource's registration is possible on receipt of a new request that details any continuation of the experiment during the extended period.
The resources issued cannot be used for a commercial service following the conclusion of the experiment.
6.5 Registration
The RIPE NCC will register the resources issued in the RIPE Whois Database.
6.6 Making the request
The request must be made by a Local Internet Registry (LIR) using the appropriate request form for the resource found at:
7. Anycasting TLD and Tier 0/1 ENUM Nameservers
The organisations applicable under this policy are TLD managers, as recorded in the IANA's Root Zone Database and ENUM administrators, as assigned by the ITU. The organisation may receive up to four /48 prefixes per TLD and four /48 prefixes per ENUM. These prefixes must be used for the sole purpose of anycasting authoritative DNS servers for the stated TLD/ENUM, as described in BCP126/RFC 4786.
Assignments for authoritative TLD or ENUM Tier 0/1 DNS lookup services are subject to the policies described in the RIPE Document entitled "Contractual Requirements for Provider Independent Resource Holders in the RIPE NCC Service Region".
Anycasting assignments are registered with a status of 'ASSIGNED ANYCAST' in the RIPE Database and must be returned to the RIPE NCC if not in use for infrastructure providing authoritative TLD or ENUM Tier 0/1 DNS lookup services any longer.
8. IPv6 Provider Independent (PI) Assignments
To qualify for IPv6 PI address space, an organisation must:
a) demonstrate that it will be multihomed
b) meet the requirements of the policies described in the RIPE NCC document entitled "Contractual Requirements for Provider Independent Resources Holders in the RIPE NCC Service Region"
The RIPE NCC will assign the prefix directly to the End User organisations upon a request properly submitted to the RIPE NCC, either directly or through a sponsoring LIR.
The minimum size of the assignment is a /48. Organisations requesting a larger assignment (shorter prefix) must provide documentation justifying the need for additional subnets.
Additional assignments may also be made when the need is demonstrated and documented based on address usage, or because different routing requirements exist for additional assignments. When possible, these further assignments will be made from an adjacent address block.
Assignments will be made from a separate 'designated block' to facilitate filtering practices.
The PI assignment cannot be further assigned to other organisations.
8.1 IPv6 Provider Independent (PI) Assignments for LIRs
LIRs can qualify for an IPv6 PI assignment for parts of their own infrastructure that are not used for customer end sites. Where an LIR has an IPv6 allocation, the LIR must demonstrate the unique routing requirements for the PI assignment.
The LIR must return the IPv6 PI assignment within a period of six months if the original criteria on which the assignment was based are no longer valid.
If an organisation already received a PI assignment before becoming an LIR, the PI assignment should be returned upon receiving an IPv6 allocation if there are no specific routing requirements to justify both.
9. References
[RFC1715] "The H Ratio for Address Assignment Efficiency", C. Huitema. November 1994, ftp://ftp.ripe.net/rfc/rfc1715.txt.
[RFC2026] "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 3 IETF Experimental RFC ftp://ftp.ripe.net/rfc/rfc2026.txt see Sec. 4.2.1
[RFC2462] "IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration", S. Thomson, T. Narten, 1998, ftp://ftp.ripe.net/rfc/rfc2462.txt
[RFC 4291] "IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture", R. Hinden, S. Deering. February 2006, ftp://ftp.ripe.net/rfc/rfc4291.txt
[RFC2928] "Initial IPv6 Sub-TLA ID Assignments", R. Hinden, S. Deering, R. Fink, T. Hain. September 2000 ftp://ftp.ripe.net/rfc/rfc2928.txt
[RFC3194] "The H-Density Ratio for Address Assignment Efficiency An Update on the H ratio", A. Durand, C. Huitema. November 2001, ftp://ftp.ripe.net/rfc/rfc3194.txt
[RFC4291] "IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture", R. Hinden, S. Deering. February 2006, ftp://ftp.ripe.net/rfc/rfc4291.txt
[RFC4786] "Operation of Anycast Services", J. Abley, K. Lindqvist. December 2006, ftp://ftp.ripe.net/rfc/rfc4786.txt
10. Appendix A: HD-Ratio
The utilisation threshold T, expressed as a number of individual /56 prefixes to be allocated from IPv6 prefix P, can be calculated as:
- Thus, the utilisation threshold for an organisation requesting subsequent allocation of IPv6 address block is specified as a function of the prefix size and target HD ratio. This utilisation refers to the use of /56s as an efficiency measurement unit, and does not refer to the utilisation of addresses within those End Sites. It is an address allocation utilisation ratio and not an address assignment utilisation ratio.
In accordance with the recommendations of [RFC 3194], this document adopts an HD-Ratio of 0.94 as the utilisation threshold for IPv6 address space allocations.
The following table provides equivalent absolute and percentage address utilisation figures for IPv6 prefixes, corresponding to an HD-Ratio of 0.94.
Total /56s
/56s HD 0.94
Util %
11. Appendix B: Background information
11.1. Background
The impetus for revising the 1999 provisional IPv6 policy started with the APNIC meeting held in Taiwan in August 2001. Follow-on discussions were held at the October 2001 RIPE and ARIN meetings. During these meetings, the participants recognised an urgent need for more detailed, complete policies. One result of the meetings was the establishment of a single mailing list to discuss a revised policy together with a desire to develop a general policy that all RIRs could use. This document does not provide details of individual discussions that lead to policies described in this document; detailed information can be found in the individual meeting minutes at the www.apnic.net, www.arin.net, and www.ripe.net web sites.
In September 2002 at the RIPE 43 Meeting in Rhodes, Greece, the RIPE community approved the policy allowing Internet experiments to receive temporary assignments. As a result, Section 6 was added to this document in January 2003.
11.2. Why a joint policy?
IPv6 addresses are a public resource that must be managed with consideration to the long-term interests of the Internet community. Although regional registries adopt allocation policies according to their own internal processes, address policies should largely be uniform across registries. Having significantly varying policies in different regions is undesirable because it can lead to situations where "registry shopping" can occur as requesting organisations request addresses from the registry that has the most favorable policy for their particular desires. This can lead to the policies in one region undermining the efforts of registries in other regions with regards to prudent stewardship of the address space. In cases where regional variations from the policy are deemed necessary, the preferred approach is to raise the issue in the other regional registries in order to develop a consensus approach that all registries can support.
11.3. The size of IPv6's address space
Compared to IPv4, IPv6 has a seemingly endless amount of address space. While superficially true, short-sighted and wasteful allocation policies could also result in the adoption of practices that lead to premature exhaustion of the address space.
It should be noted that the 128-bit address space is divided into three logical parts, with the usage of each component managed differently. The rightmost 64 bits, the Interface Identifier [RFC4291], will often be a globally unique IEEE identifier (e.g., mac address). Although an "inefficient" way to use the Interface Identifier field from the perspective of maximizing the number of addressable nodes, the numbering scheme was explicitly chosen to simplify Stateless Address Autoconfiguration [RFC 2462].
The middle bits of an address indicate the subnet ID. This field may often be inefficiently utilised, but the operational benefits of a consistent width subnet field were deemed to be outweigh the drawbacks. This is a variable length field, determined by each LIR's local assignment policy.
11.4. Acknowledgment
The initial version of this document was produced by the JPNIC IPv6 policy drafting team consisting of Akihiro Inomata, Akinori Maemura, Kosuke Ito, Kuniaki Kondo, Takashi Arano, Tomohiro Fujisaki, and Toshiyuki Yamasaki. Special thanks goes out to this team, who worked over a holiday in order to produce an initial document quickly.
An editing team was then organised by representatives from each of the three RIRs (Takashi Arano, Chair of APNIC's Policy SIG, Thomas Narten, Chair of ARIN's IPv6 WG, and David Kessens, Chair of the RIPE IPv6 Working Group).
The editing team would like to acknowledge the contributions to this document of Takashi Arano, John Crain, Steve Deering, Gert Doering, Kosuke Ito, Richard Jimmerson, David Kessens, Mirjam Kuehne, Anne Lord, Jun Murai, Paul Mylotte, Thomas Narten, Ray Plzak, Dave Pratt, Stuart Prevost, Barbara Roseman, Gerard Ross, Paul Wilson, Cathy Wittbrodt and Wilfried Woeber.
The final editing of the initial version of this document was done by Thomas Narten.


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The following terms and conditions govern all use of the JustMyCities.com website and all content, services and products available at or through the website (taken together, the Website). The Website is owned and operated by JustMyCities Inc. ("JustMyCities"). The Website is offered subject to your acceptance without modification of all of the terms and conditions contained herein and all other operating rules, policies (including, without limitation, JustMyCities' Privacy Policy) and procedures that may be published from time to time on this Site by JustMyCities (collectively, the "Agreement").
Please read this Agreement carefully before accessing or using the Website. By accessing or using any part of the web site, you agree to become bound by the terms and conditions of this agreement. If you do not agree to all the terms and conditions of this agreement, then you may not access the Website or use any services. If these terms and conditions are considered an offer by JustMyCities, acceptance is expressly limited to these terms. The Website is available only to individuals who are at least 13 years old.
By submitting Content to JustMyCities for inclusion on your Website, you grant JustMyCities a world-wide, royalty-free, and non-exclusive license to reproduce, modify, adapt and publish the Content solely for the purpose of displaying, distributing and promoting your blog. If you delete Content, JustMyCities will use reasonable efforts to remove it from the Website, but you acknowledge that caching or references to the Content may not be made immediately unavailable.
Without limiting any of those representations or warranties, JustMyCities has the right (though not the obligation) to, in JustMyCities' sole discretion (i) refuse or remove any content that, in JustMyCities' reasonable opinion, violates any JustMyCities policy or is in any way harmful or objectionable, or (ii) terminate or deny access to and use of the Website to any individual or entity for any reason, in JustMyCities' sole discretion. JustMyCities will have no obligation to provide a refund of any amounts previously paid.


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Shop online for the best embroidery products at the best prices!
Order your embroidery supplies online! Search our site for Tajima, Barudan, Brother, Toyota, SWF, & Mitsubishi embroidery machine parts. Or browse our Madeira and Isacord threads. Whatever your embroidery needs are from embroidery hoops, backing, needles, fast frames, clauss embroidery scissors, and other professional embroidery supplies we have you covered. Shop now for the best products at the best prices!
***For ground orders only***
Please contact us to order. This offer is not available on the website.Shop All Categories
Product ID: 050320800012
Connecting Plate: Knife for Tajima Embroidery Machines. 15 11/16" Long. REVISED part with smaller pin hole (3mm pin) and wider body. Used with revised Moveable Knife Drive Arm 050320040S34.
*For international orders please contact us for freight options and quotes: 937-258-4481 or firstname.lastname@example.com
* We have multiple shipping locations, but our primary one is located in Dayton, Oh. Due to the number of products and blend of products offered, we do our best to ship everything together, within 2-3 business days of when we receive your order, from the closest location. MOST orders are fulfilled the same day or the following business day. We confirm via email the ship date. We will contact you on any orders with express shipping as soon as possible to discuss options if we cannot ship the same business day (unless placed after hours, then it will be the following business day). We cannot guarantee shipping times during holidays due to UPS and USPS schedules.
*Most products are in stock. Orders mixing uncommon Madeira thread AND parts or other supplies are the orders most likely to not ship the same day.
*If a price cannot be honored, or a part is found to be discontinued, we will refund your order within 1 business days. Due to the large amount of product we support and the changing nature of availability as well as technical updating and work involved in supporting our website there is a rare occasion where we cannot honor the price shown. In this very rare instance, we will address it with all haste.
*For most orders under $25.00, you can select our US Mail, using stamps, flat shipping rate of $7.50. Exclusions include some products that are chemicals / lubricants and/or very large but inexpensive items, such as 3D foam. This shipping method does not include a tracking number and we cannot guarantee a delivery date.
*We did not program all the weights into our website, so most of the time ordering through the web gets you better shipping rates. Shhhh……. That is a secret.
Call for a return authorization #. Returns are handled on a case by case basis and a 5% restock fee may be applied to recover PayPal/Credit Card Fees. Unused, non-special order items that do not require cutting, modification or manufacture are returnable within 30 days. Freight costs will not be credited on returns, unless it was an error on our part. We may authorize other returns for used, special order, cut, modified or manufactured goods with a restock fee, or any goods outside of 30 days. Please contact us to discuss these cases. We will in good faith do our best to help our customers in every case.