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Joy Inflatable - Custom Inflatables Factory for custom inflatable tents and inflatable water park
|Durable Oxford Fabric which is waterproof ,fireproof and u/v protected
|3-5 years
|Inflate and Deflate
|Easy to install and take down
|Sewing machine technology: double stitching everywhere and strong reinforcement at joint part .
|Features : work with the blower all the time
|Logo printed by Digitally printing or Silk-screen printing
|Air Pump(airtight product)
|Air pump with CE/UL certificates, 110V/220V, various powers
|Blower or air pump , repair Kit ,Glue ,Carry bag (for free )
|Inflatable product is packed by heavy-duty PVC carry bag;
|air blower/ air pump is packed by exported standard carton.
Inflatable tent is a kind of tent, using the principle of structural mechanics design framework, the use of gas pressure characteristics of the balloon expansion to form a certain rigid cylinder, through the organic combination of the tent to hold up the skeleton. With the strength of the skeleton material used, you can set the size of the tents, the use of polymer composite materials, the performance of the advantages and disadvantages of the framework of the shelf life of the frame and the maintenance of the rigid, It determines the support of the framework of the limit. Mainly used for moisture, water, wind, dust, sunscreen, disaster relief, field short-term training, Wedding Party Event ,exhibition . Fabric material: Oxford cloth or PVC.
All kinds outside activities. 1.For party event. 2. wedding. 3. As a store. 4.exhibition.
◪High grade PVC net cloth USES environmental protection 3P raw material, non-toxic and tasteless, anti-uv, anti-aging, flame retardant, meet international standard.
◪PVC net cloth is a product that is made of transparent PVC film and grid cloth. It can clearly see the middle net cloth through PVC film.
◪ It has a strong three-dimensional feeling and feel soft and hard. It belongs to environmental protection and low toxicity products.
◪All new material production, used all year round outdoors for 3-5 years!
Sewing machine for Cube silver tent and high-frequency heat combined for dome tent with the process of production, gas column with PVC double-sided coated cloth, tarpaulin waterproof, anti-ultraviolet materials, with fast forming, high strength, fire, mildew, anti-ultraviolet, moisture Etc. Tent for the inflatable tent, tent frame for the gas column structure, compared with the general metal bracket tent, with a light, folded after the small size, easy to carry and so on.
If you find a leak, you can wipe the air column first, then apply the surface with soapy water to check the leak. Leakage point If it is a small hole, you can use a small piece of circular maintenance cloth (any specifications of the inflatable tents inside the standard), and then brush dispensing, to be dry after the paste on the leak.
If the leak at the gas column heat seal at the opening of plastic, can be divided into the following steps:
1. First clean up the bonding surface.
2. Guangzhou Joy Inflatable Limited of the inflatable tents will be issued to the bottle of glue, inflatable tent column dedicated plastic, it will be painted on the pre-adhesive surface, must be painted evenly, the thickness of the appropriate brush map twice, you can Sticked up.
3. The shape of the mouth to be designed into a circular or oval, try to avoid the square and acute angle interface shape, lap width can not be less than 30mm.
4. To be glue after evaporation, can be bonded, patch to be flat, no wrinkles, rolling, scraping, while the supply of heat with the hair dryer, easy to bond. Adhesive after 6 hours can be inflated.
1、free design .
2、free repair material and repair video.
Copyright © 2019 GUANGZHOU JOY INFLATABLE LIMITED | All Rights Reserved Design by www.joyinflatable.com | xml
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Top Trending OffersGreat Savings | Great Offers.. Save up to 40% with our featured offers !!
Our ServicesGet Best Wheel Care in Gaur City Noida
Car Service in Gaur City Noida
Affordable Car Service near you at the best car service center by the experienced mechanics using genuine OEM parts & manufacturer recommended guidelines
AC Repair & Service in Gaur City Noida
Keep your car's AC in a perfect condition. Our AC service packages includes AC gas refilling, blower cleaning, cooling coil cleaning, Condenser cleaning & much more.
Car Cleaning Service in Gaur City Noida
Choose from variety of car cleaning service such as Car Wash, Rubbing Polishing, Car Dry Clean & Teflon Coating, so your car shines like brand new.
Denting & Painting Service in Gaur City Noida
Never worry about car dents & scratches. Our car repair workshops are equipped with state of the art paint booths & best in class tools for dent paint services.
Car Repair Service in Gaur City Noida
Brakes, Suspension, transmission, clutch or engine repair. Gaadizo provides repair services for every mechanical, electrical or technical issues of your car.
Wheel Care service in Gaur City Noida
Whether you need new tyres or wheel alignment & balancing, we provide everything. Increase the life of car's tyres with our wheel care packages
Clients Served
Cars Serviced
Cars Serviced Everyday
Service Stations
What makes us different?
Genuine Spare Parts
We use OEM & genuine spare parts to ensure a premium service quality for your car
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Our workshops are located all over Gaur City Noida, So you can always find a service station near your location
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With our best in market pricings you can save upto 40% on all car services & repairs.
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Customer satisfaction is what we seek, Always get a 30 Day warranty on our car service & repair packages.
Live updates on your car's service progress
Get the live status updates on your car's service progress through our website and app.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the price of Gaadizo Car Service in Gaur City Noida?
Gaadizo Car Service starts at Rs 2199 only. To book a Wheel Care in Gaur City Noida simply give us a call @ 83-8888-5555 or book via our website/ Gaadizo app on play store/app store.
Do Gaadizo provide Wheel Care at home or any doorstep car service facility in Gaur City Noida?
We feel that to provide a premium quality Wheel Care, it should be done at a place which is fully equipped with all the required tools & technician, that is why we always suggest Wheel Care at a Gaadizo authorized workshop instead of doorstep services. How ever we always provide free pick & drop facility, so your Wheel Care experience is hassle free.
Where are Gaadizo car service center in Gaur City Noida?
Our service centers are located at all the premium locations around Gaur City Noida. We have more then 15 workshops in Gaur City Noida.
What is the difference between Gaadizo service station & other service station in Gaur City Noida?
Gaadizo has partnered with multi branded service stations all over Gaur City Noida. All our service stations follow the service standards recommended by Gaadizo. All the service centers are verified & maintained by Gaadizo to improve the service quality & deliver a premium service quality experience to the customer. When you avail a service from Gaadizo service center you get benefits such as
 • Easy appointment schedule
 • Fixed & transparent pricings
 • Free Pick & Drop
 • Genuine parts assurance
 • Service warranty up to 30 Days
 • 24*7 customer support
 • Easy tracking of the service progress
How to book Gaadizo Wheel Care in Gaur City Noida?
Booking a Wheel Care with Gaadizo is very easy. Just select your car & the service package, choose a service time as per your comfort & leave the rest to us. Our service adviser will pick up your car & keep you updated with the all the progress.
Does Gaadizo provide any offer or discounts on car service & repairs?
YES, from time to time Gaadizo introduces many great offers & discounts for its customers. Always keep an eye on our offers section on website & app to stay updated about our trending offers.
DO Gaadizo offers a pickup and drop facility for Car Wheel Repair?
Get free pickup and drop facilities on every car wheel repair when you trust Gaadizo for your all around car repair needs. Get any time slot all day in a week and get your car wheel repaired with a talented service team to regain its sign and performance in Gaur City Noida.
Who offers the best wheel alignment service in Gaur City Noida?
Due to continuous running, car wheel alignment gets disturbed, and it creates a problem when you drive at full speed. You can also lose control due to improper alignment in Gaur City Noida; find Gaadizo as the best wheel alignment service provider by using all sorts of recent technologies.
TestimonialsSee what our customers are saying about us
I got my Audi A4 serviced from Gaadizo, at first I was a bit sceptical about quality but was quite impressed with their way of handling everything. The service was done in just 12000 Rs only which is nearly half of cost given by Audi service centre.
My swift had some dents & scratches on front bumper. Maruti service station gave me an estimate of 5K & surprisingly Gaadizo repaired my car in just Rs 2200, very good job Gaadizo,you have got one more happy customer.
My car had some electrical issue, the service executive came at my place to examine the car and I was very surprised when the price quoted by him was much lesser than the estimate given by Honda service station. I am very happy with the work done on my car, thank you Gaadizo.
A friend told me about Gaadizo, thought to give it a try for service of my eco sport. Their service quality is amazing, my car was serviced in Rs 3000 only, will be getting my wagon-r serviced from them soon. Great work Gaadizo
They were really helpful and completed full servicing of my car in less than 90 minutes. The service station mechanic was explaining each and every thing. It helped me a lot and saved a lot of time instead of going to authorised service centre.
I think they are one of the best service station in Delhi, I was amazed at their work quality. Got my Verna serviced in 2500 Rs only also I got a free car wash for my car, going to avail that soon.

subset: commoncrawl


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Matha Exports International is the reputed name for Certified Indigo Powder Distributor in France. We are the biggest Indigo Henna Cultivator and Certified Indigo Powder Distributor in France from India.
We have a team of experts who always check products parameters and always do research so that we will serve you the best indigo products.
Interested customer who are looking for Best Certified Indigo Powder Distributor in France, can send us an inquiry and our team will contact as soon as possible. We are just a few steps away from you and we are very happy to serve you our quality catname to you.
We are also in organic herbs, hair color, hair dye. For more details please visit www.mathaexports.com
|Product Details:
|Minimum Order Quantity
|50 Kilogram
|Matha Exports International – Certified Indigo Powder Distributor in France
|Packaging Size
|20Kg, 25Kg and 50kg LDPE Or any customized consumer size private labeling
|Packaging Type
|LDPE Bag and As per customer requirement
|Shelf Life
|2 Years
|Is It Natural


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FREE Foreclosure Listings in Beechgrove, TN
Find foreclosed homes for sale through our free Beechgrove foreclosure listings, without registering. Our real estate foreclosure lists include: pre-foreclosures, short sales, home auctions, sheriff sales, government foreclosures (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD, VA) and bank owned homes in Beechgrove, TN. TOTALLY FREE! NO Subscription required!
1 Foreclosure Home Found
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Septic systems treat and disperse relatively small volumes of wastewater from individual and small numbers of homes and commercial buildings. Septic system regulation is usually a state and local responsibility. The EPA provides information to homeowners and assistance to state and local governments to improve the management of septic systems to prevent failures that could harm human health and water quality.
Information for Homeowners
If your septic tank failed, or you know someone whose did, you are not alone. As a homeowner, you are responsible for maintaining your septic system. Proper septic system maintenance will help keep your system from failing and will help maintain your investment in your home. Failing septic systems can contaminate the ground water that you and your neighbors drink and can pollute nearby rivers, lakes and coastal waters.
Ten simple steps you can take to keep your septic system working properly:
- Locate your septic tank and drain-field. Keep a drawing of these locations in your records.
- Have your septic system inspected at least every three years.
- Pump your septic tank as needed (generally, every three to five years).
- Don't dispose of household hazardous waste in sinks or toilets.
- Keep other household items, such as dental floss, feminine hygiene products, condoms, diapers, and cat litter out of your system.
- Use water efficiently.
- Plant only grass over and near your septic system. Roots from nearby trees or shrubs might clog and damage the system. Also, do not apply manure or fertilizers over the drain-field.
- Keep vehicles and livestock off your septic system. The weight can damage the pipes and tank, and your system may not drain properly under compacted soil.
- Keep gutters and basement sump pumps from draining into or near your septic system.
- Check with your local health department before using additives. Commercial septic tank additives do not eliminate the need for periodic pumping and can be harmful to your system.
How does it work?
A typical septic system has four main components: a pipe from the home, a septic tank, a drain-field, and the soil. Microbes in the soil digest and remove most contaminants from wastewater before it eventually reaches groundwater. The septic tank is a buried, watertight container typically made of concrete, fiberglass, or polyethylene. It holds the wastewater long enough to allow solids to settle out (forming sludge), and oil and grease to float to the surface (as scum). It also allows partial decomposition of the solid materials. Compartments and a T-shaped outlet in the septic tank prevent the sludge and scum from leaving the tank and traveling into the drain-field area. Screens are also recommended to keep solids from entering the drain-field. The wastewater exits the septic tank and is discharged into the drain-field for further treatment by the soil. Micro-organisms in the soil provide final treatment by removing harmful bacteria, viruses and nutrients.
Your septic system is your responsibility!
Did you know that, as a homeowner, you're responsible for maintaining your septic system? Did you know that maintaining your septic system protects your investment in your home? Did you know that you should periodically inspect your system and pump out your septic tank? If properly designed, constructed and maintained, your septic system can provide long-term, effective treatment of household wastewater. If your septic system isn't maintained, you might need to replace it, costing you thousands of dollars. A malfunctioning system can contaminate groundwater that might be a source of drinking water. And if you sell your home, your septic system must be in good working order.
Pump frequently…
You should have your septic system inspected at least every three years by a professional, and have your tank pumped as necessary (generally every three to five years).
Use water efficiently…
Average indoor water use in the typical single-family home is almost 70 gallons per person per day. Dripping faucets can waste about 2,000 gallons of water each year. Leaky toilets can waste as much as 200 gallons each day. The more water a household conserves, the less water enters the septic system.
Flush responsibly…
Dental floss, feminine hygiene products, condoms, diapers, cotton swabs, cigarette butts, coffee grounds, cat litter, paper towels, and other kitchen and bathroom waste can clog and potentially damage septic system components. Flushing household chemicals, gasoline, oil, pesticides, anti-freeze and paint can stress or destroy the biological treatment taking place in the system, as well as contaminate surface waters and groundwater.
How do I maintain my septic system?
- Plant only grass over and near your septic system. Roots from nearby trees or shrubs might clog and damage the drain-field.
- Don't drive or park vehicles on any part of your septic system. Doing so can compact the soil in your drain-field or damage the pipes, the tank or other septic system components.
- Keep roof drains, basement sump pump drains, and other rainwater and surface water drainage systems away from the drain-field. Flooding the drain-field with excessive water slows down or stops treatment processes and can cause plumbing fixtures to back up.
Why should I maintain my septic system?
A key reason to maintain your septic system is to save money! Failing septic systems are expensive to repair or replace, and poor maintenance is often the culprit. Having your septic system inspected (at least every three years) is a bargain when you consider the cost of replacing the entire system. Your system will need pumping every three to five years, depending on how many people live in the house and the size of the system. An unusable septic system or one in disrepair will lower your property's value and could pose a legal liability. Other good reasons for safe treatment of sewage include preventing the spread of infection and disease, and protecting water resources. Typical pollutants in household wastewater are nitrogen phosphorus, and disease-causing bacteria and viruses. Nitrogen and phosphorus are aquatic plant nutrients that can cause unsightly algae blooms. Excessive nitrate-nitrogen in drinking water can cause pregnancy complications, as well as methemoglobinemia (also known as "blue baby syndrome") in infancy. Pathogens can cause communicable diseases through direct or indirect body contact, or ingestion of contaminated water or shellfish. If a septic system is working properly, it will effectively remove most of these pollutants.


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Results for "tag:physics"
Found 1 out of 94 items.
graph: EiffelGraph Library 9
EiffelGraph lets you build graph representation which are either static or dynamic. The later is using some clever physics algorithm to automatically position nodes of the graph depending on the repulsion of each nodes and the stiffness of each edge.
vision2 graph physics algorithm
Thu, 28 Sep 2023 09:49:58 GMT
Found 1 out of 94 items.
Advanced search help:
Usage: "criterion:value" (note: "value" is aliased with "text:value") Criteria: [name] name:foo* - packages of short name matching "foo*" pattern [title] title:base - packages of title "base" [tag] tag:web - packages tagged "web" [description] description:"advanced usage" - packages with phrase "advanced usage" in their description [owner] owner:*Caesar - packages published by users with the user names matching "*Caesar" [downloads] downloads:10 - packages with at least 10 downloads [text] text:abc - equivalent to "name:abc or title:abc or tag:abc" Criteria can be combined with "and" (the default), "or" (aliased with prefix "+"), "not" (aliased with prefix "-"). Criteria "name", "title", "tag" and "description" supports wildcards (*,?).


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beard - noun
beard - verb
beard - thesaurus
Other Spellzone word lists:
Body, hair
Scrabble score = 8
generated at 00:58:38 on 01-12-23
"Thank goodness for Spellzone during this remote learning phase. The site is easy for students to navigate independently and they're really enjoying the activities and spelling games. You get an awful lot for your money with Spellzone. Really reassuring is the very prompt response with helpdesk queries. I've very rarely needed the helpdesk, but when I have, the issue has been addressed and sorted within a very short time."Sarah Taggart, Oasis Academy Lord's Hill


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Have you ever noticed how often people use the words "retro" and "costume-y" in conjunction with each other? It's a classic Project Runway proclamation: the judges are always thrilled when a contestant manages to make something that is vintage-inspired without looking like a costume, as though that were some superhuman feat. I'm of two minds on this matter. Sure, retro can look costume-y. But can't any iconic style, whether it's Western or Boho Chic or Hip Hop? What is it about vintage that makes it get singled out?
On a basic level, I agree that there is such a thing as retro looking costume-y. Exhibit A: I give you McCall's 6101, a costume.
And I also certainly agree that there are cliched signifiers of vintage that can make a retro ensemble look somewhat artificial and must be used sparingly: like cherry prints and gingham. (And yes, I love both of those things.) Then there's a commercialized form of retro, like in the way Hot Topic is a commercialized form of punk. Exhibit B:
But I think people forget how truly modern and enduring some vintage looks can be, whether it's an Audrey Hepburn black sheath or Katherine Hepburn trousers. I think perhaps what people are reacting to when they call something costume-y is a lack of that timelessness. Let's face it, some things just haven't passed the test of time, and I think poodle skirts are probably at the top of that list.
Personally, I've never really worried about this issue in my own style and I think the way I've managed to avoid the cheesy costume-y look is to modernize the fit of my garments to a certain extent, as well as too stay away from anything that screams packaged retro, like plastic cherry print wedges. (Ugh.) But hell, if someone wants to dress like the leading lady in her own private production of Bye Bye Birdie, who am I to judge? (Well, okay, I might judge just a little.)
What about you? What qualities do you think make something look like a costume? Do you worry about your own retro clothes looking costume-y? Do you consciously try to avoid it? Do you think the word is overused in relationship to retro looks? Do tell!


text: Abraham Kuyper SEARCH The papers of Abraham Kuyper (1837-1920) were bequeathed to the Abraham Kuyper Stichting, the academic office of the Antirevolutionary Party, founded in 1922 and located in Kuyper's former residence in The Hague. In 1971 the papers were transferred to the Historical Documentation Center for Dutch Protestantism (1800-present day) at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and kept as coll. nr. 154. The papers have been digitized in a cooperative enterprise of the Historical Documentation Center, Princeton Theological Seminary and The Neo-Calvinism Research Institute (NRI) at Theological University Kampen, and made available to the general public by the NRI in 2020. The archive holds almost 9.000 letters to Abraham Kuyper and many documents regarding his personal life and his family, and documents related to Kuyper's activities as pastor, journalist, politician, university founder, professor, church leader, and author. Abraham Kuyper's Complete Archive Archive >> Correspondentie / Correspondence >> Correspondentie zoals beschreven in het 'Brievenboek', februari 1899- mei 1902 Brief van Doumergue, P. Image 3 of 4 « ‹ › » Download options:


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By David Crane defrev at gmail dot com All photographic images contained in this article were taken by DefenseReview.com, and are the exclusive property of DefenseReview.com. DefenseReview.com owns the copyright on these photos. All photos were shot with an Olympus Stylus 790 SW 7.1-megapixel digital camera, which is advertised as "shock + waterproof". March 12, 2009 Back in November 2008, …Read More »
Tag Archives: larue osr reviews
LaRue Tactical Stealth OSR (Optimized Sniper Rifle) 7.62mm Sniper Carbine/Rifle
By David Crane defrev at gmail dot com November 10, 2008 On November 3, 2008, the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) issued a Sources Sought Notice for a "Semi-Automatic Precision Weapon System" (SAPWS) (Solicitation Number: M6785408R1011), i.e. a semi-auto sniper rifle, capable of firing the 7.62x51mm NATO (7.62mm NATO) M118 Long Range (LR) Cartridge. The SAPWS, which would essentially be the …Read More »


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Alloy Wheel Repairs, Alloy Wheel Refurbishments, Powder Coating in Somerset
We are an established Alloy Wheel Refurbishing specialist covering Somerset, and Avon. Same day service, weekends on request.
Please Complete your details on our online form or call 07967 954 416 for all Alloy wheel Refurbishment Work
- We specialise in kerb Damage to all alloy wheels
- We have a fully equipped mobile unit to carry out the work at your premises
- Corrosion problems
- Flaking, Bad Preparation Etc
- Colour Change
- Same Day Service
- Mobile service work carried out at your premises
- Not Vat Registered
Please note: We do not do Cracked or buckled Wheel Repairs
We perform a full Alloy wheel refurbishment and not a cheaper smart fix service. Our work is guaranteed for 1 year.
Free consultation and a friendly service
We have a highly skilled team of Technicians who provide high quality workmanship along with affordable prices.
We are based in Cheddar but we cover all areas in Somerset and Avon, we only use the best quality products, and can offer advice and help and will explain to you clearly on any work that we carry out on your Wheels .
Why choose Wheel Nutz for your alloy wheel refurbishments?
Reputable and experienced alloy wheel refurbishment specialists
A free initial consultation
Competitive prices
A same day service (pre-booking is required)
A personal and reliable service
All work is guaranteed for one year
Complete your details on our online form or call 07967 954 416
Areas we cover for all Alloy Wheel Refurbishments
Alloy wheel Refurbishments Cheddar, Winscombe, Axbridge , Wedmore, Wells, Shepton Mallet, Glastonbury, Street, Radstock, Frome, Bath, Bristol, Weston- Super- Mare, Clevedon, Bridgwater, Frome, Wellington.
Please leave a Review about our Service


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SR 382: Springs Protection Awareness Month
RESOLUTION by Dean ; (CO-INTRODUCERS) Soto ; Bradley
Springs Protection Awareness Month; Recognizing April 2014 as "Springs Protection Awareness Month" in Florida, etc.
Bill Text: Web Page | PDF
Bill History
• Filed
• Introduced -SJ 379
• Read 2nd time -SJ 380
• Adopted, companion bill(s) passed, see HR 9041 (Adopted) -SJ 380
Identical bill
Companion bills that are identical word-for-word, not including titles. However, Resolutions and Concurrent Resolutions are considered identical if the only difference is the word "House" or "Senate."
Similar bill
Companion bills that are substantially similar in text or have substantial portions of text that are largely the same.
Compare bill
Bills that have selected provisions that are similar in text.
Linked bill
A bill that is contingent upon passage of another bill within the same chamber, e.g., a trust fund bill, a bill providing a public record exemption, or an implementing bill.
The page numbers, when listed, for citations are constantly under review. The journals or printed bills of the respective chambers should be consulted as the official documents of the Legislature.
The links for the page numbers are formatted to open the bill text PDF directly to the page containing the citation. However, if your browser is set to open PDFs in a new window, as is often the case with 64-bit browsers, the bill text will open to the first page.


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By Michael Felberbaum
Associated Press
RICHMOND, Va. — Clicking "Like" on Facebook is constitutionally protected free speech and can be considered the 21st century-equivalent of a campaign yard sign, a federal appeals court ruled Wednesday.
The 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Richmond reversed a lower court ruling that said merely "liking" a Facebook page was insufficient speech to merit constitutional protection.
Exactly what a "like" means — if anything — played a part in a Virginia case involving six people who say Hampton Sheriff B.J. Roberts fired them for supporting an opponent in his 2009 re-election bid, which he won. The workers sued, saying their First Amendment rights were violated.
Roberts said some of the workers were let go because he wanted to replace them with sworn deputies while others were fired because of poor performance or his belief that their actions "hindered the harmony and efficiency of the office." One of those workers, Daniel Ray Carter, had "liked" the Facebook page of Roberts' opponent, Jim Adams.
U.S. District Judge Raymond Jackson in Norfolk had ruled in April 2012 that while public employees are allowed to speak as citizens on matters of public concern, clicking the "like" button does not amount to expressive speech. In other words, it's not the same as actually writing out a message and posting it on the site.
Jackson acknowledged that other courts have ruled that Facebook posts are constitutionally protected speech, but he said in those cases there were "actual statements." Simply clicking a button is much different and doesn't warrant First Amendment protection, he wrote. In his ruling, Jackson acknowledged the need to weigh whether the employee's speech was a substantial factor in being fired. But the judge wrote that the point is moot if "liking" something isn't constitutionally protected speech.
The three-judge appeals court panel disagreed, ruling that "liking a political candidate's campaign page communicates the user's approval of the candidate and supports the campaign by associating the user with it. In this way, it is the Internet equivalent of displaying a political sign in one's front yard, which the Supreme Court has held is substantive speech." The case was sent back to the lower court.
Menlo Park-based Facebook and the American Civil Liberties Union, which filed friend of court briefs in the case, applauded Wednesday's ruling.
"This ruling rightly recognizes that the First Amendment protects free speech regardless of the venue, whether a sentiment is expressed in the physical world or online," Ben Wizner, director of the ACLU Speech, Privacy & Technology Project, said in a written statement. "The Constitution doesn't distinguish between 'liking' a candidate on Facebook and supporting him in a town meeting or public rally."
An attorney representing Roberts, the sheriff, did not immediately return a phone message seeking comment, nor did an attorney representing the employees.


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© 2023 David Peck.
Check out our candle collection that we handpicked with our favorite scents!
Get ready to be blown away by our huge collection of books! Children books, inspirational books, fiction books, we have it all!
Looking for a little extra pizazz for your wall? Check out some of our favorite art pieces from these talented artists!
We love sharing our clients photos of their special occassion! Come see our creations for every type of occassion!
Here at David Peck, we are here to guide you through your custom design experience. Learn about the custom process and let us the gown of your dreams!
Let our expert tailors perfect the fit of your wardrobe. In addition to our own clothing, we also offer alteration services on your own clothing.
Christina Greene, Claudia Lobao, and Ti Adoro are just a couple of the many jewelry brands we have! Come add a staple to your collection today!
Need some shapewear to create that smooth silhouette? Check out our Commando brand products!
On the go and need to fix your hair quick? We got adorable hair accessories for you!
One of our best sellers, the Stevie T-Shirt! Check out our Stevie T-Shirt collection and get it customized to however you want!
Get to know more about David and how he can help you custom make the outfit of your dreams!
Learn about our core values at David Peck and what criteria we follow for our products we carry!
Our hand picked gifts for wine lovers!
Elevate the look of your home essentials by adding this Aqua Bubble Glass Tumbler Set. The tumbler set has gleaming gold that adorns the rim and suspended bubbles in the aqua-tinted glass that will accommodate your favorite mixed drink. It will also add a luxurious touch to your at-home bar! The Aqua Bubble Glass Tumbler Set will make any beverage look refreshing on a hot summer day.
Brighten your drinks with this glass tumbler set! It makes a perfect gift for your loved one on their special day.
Exceptional quality
Inclusive sizing
Confidently Unique
We use cookies on our website to give you the best shopping experience. By using this site, you agree to its use of cookies.
Ever wonder what your personal style type is? Wonder no more! Take our 2 minute quiz to get instant access to your sartorial profile!


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Playback speed: fps
Pause special frames: seconds
Pause on debated frames:
Step through frames (or use arrow keys)
Mouse Wheel: Hover over image and scroll down to move forward, up to move back.
last calculated on
Previous Frame Difference
Image Difference From Frame
Yes: +1
No: +1Debated Frame!
Vote "yes" on frames that should be paused at during auto playback, and "no" for frames that should not be paused on.
More information about voting and other features can be found on the GitHub readme.


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After Placement of Dental Implants
Do not disturb the wound. Avoid rinsing, spitting, or touching the wound on the day of surgery. There will be a metal healing abutment protruding through the gingival (gum) tissue.
Some bleeding or redness in the saliva is normal for 24 hours. Excessive bleeding (your mouth fills up rapidly with blood) can be controlled by biting on a gauze pad placed directly on the bleeding wound for 30 minutes. If bleeding continues please call for further instructions.
Swelling is a normal occurrence after surgery. To minimize swelling, apply an ice bag, or a plastic bag, or towel filled with ice on the cheek in the area of surgery. Apply the ice continuously, as much as possible, for the first 36 hours.
Drink plenty of fluids. Avoid hot liquids or food. Soft food and liquids should be eaten on the day of surgery. Return to a normal diet as soon as possible unless otherwise directed.
You should begin taking pain medication as soon as you feel the local anesthetic wearing off. For moderate pain, 1 or 2 Tylenol or Extra Strength Tylenol may be taken every 3-4 hours. Ibuprofen (Advil or Motrin) may be taken instead of Tylenol. Ibuprofen, bought over the counter comes in 200 mg tablets: 2-3 tablets may be taken every 3-4 hours as needed for pain. For severe pain, the prescribed medication should be taken as directed. Do not take any of the above medication if you are allergic, or have been instructed by your doctor not to take it.
Be sure to take the prescribed antibiotics as directed to help prevent infection.
Oral Hygiene
Good oral hygiene is essential to good healing. The night of surgery, use the prescribed Peridex Oral Rinse before bed. The day after surgery, unless bone grafting has been performed, the Peridex should be used twice daily, after breakfast and before bed. Be sure to rinse for at least 30 seconds then spit it out. Warm salt water rinses (teaspoon of salt in a cup of warm water) should be used at least 4-5 times a day, as well, especially after meals. If bone grafting of any type has been performed do NOT use the Peridex rinse. Salt water rinses are recommended instead. Brushing your teeth and the healing abutments is no problem. Be gentle initially with brushing the surgical areas.
Keep physical activities to a minimum immediately following surgery. If you are considering exercise, throbbing or bleeding may occur. If this occurs, you should discontinue exercising. Keep in mind that you are probably not taking normal nourishment. This may weaken you and further limit your ability to exercise.
Wearing your Prosthesis
You may be without your denture or partial for up to 2 weeks. Adjustments may need to be made by your dentist.


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Location: Thousand Oaks, California | VW Eurovan Camper Classified Ads – Browse the most recent listings below. For more ads use the numbered page navigation at the bottom of the page.
***Please note both the post date and last updated field when viewing listings. Older ads may be expired, sold or no longer available. They are only left published in this database for record keeping purposes.***


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Don Dunstan Foundation, The
|Family name
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|+61 8 8313 3364
|The Don Dunstan Foundation
|The Don Dunstan Foundation
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|+61 8 8313 6309
|Don Dunstan Foundation
|none registered
The information in this directory is provided to support the academic, administrative and business activities of the University of Adelaide. To facilitate these activities, entries in the University Phone Directory are not limited to University employees. The use of information provided here for any other purpose, including the sending of unsolicited commercial material via email or any other electronic format, is strictly prohibited. The University reserves the right to recover all costs incurred in the event of breach of this policy.


text: Surrender yourself to the irresistible charms of fresh-faced teenage beauties by experiencing Amour Angels, a brand new artistic erotica site delivering the latest highlights of the scene right to your screen. AmourAngels lets you choose between dozens of high class photographers,hundreds of exceptionally appealing and unforgettable models, gigabytes of 5000px pictures and high-definition videos. Don't miss our free previews and start your journey to the land of angels right now!Click Here To See Our Huge Collection!


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New Jersey Real Estate Appraisers
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Utgard 13.2 spare pole set
No need to throw out the tent if you break or bend a pole
Shipping to UK only
- Description
- Measurements
- Material
No need to throw out the tent if you break or bend a pole
Nordisk Spare Poles are available as accessories for every Nordisk tent style, offering the possibility to prolong the lifetime of your Nordisk tent substantially. So if you lose, break or bend one of your Nordisk tent poles, there is no need to worry: simply exchange the damaged pole with a new tailored replacement pole. Even if nothing is broken, a spare set of poles is good to bring along as extras or for tarp set ups. All Nordisk spare poles have detachable bungs offering the possibility to shorten and tailor the poles for other purposes, but still in the well known Nordisk quality.
- Tailored to each tent style
- Prolongs the lifetime of your Nordisk tent
- Extra poles available for all Nordisk tents
- Extra poles available for tarp solutions
- Steel
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- Total weight : 7.94 kg
- comment
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Cody Carnes has released a Christian Contemporary Music (CCM) track called Run To The Father - Live From Motion Conference.
You can listen to the track on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/track/1Q5OVzqq4nTAkErzhEsaWI
Later in the day this track will also be visible in our New Christian Music playlists on Spotify, Deezer, Apple Music, SoundCloud, Qobuz, Napster, and Youtube (provided the track is released on these platforms).
Check out our New Christian Music playlist on various platforms: https://play.soundsgood.co/playlist/smartlink/christian-danceeu-new-arrivals.
More Christian playlists on: https://www.christiandance.eu/playlists


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Submission guidelines
Our 3-step submission process
Before you submit
Now you've identified a journal to submit to, there are a few things you should be familiar with before you submit.
- Make sure you are submitting to the most suitable journal - Aims and scope
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After acceptance, we provide support so your article gains maximum impact in the scientific community and beyond.
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6,885,255 downloads
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Free18 Team adds recent and high quality Free Porn Videos everyday. All Porn videos included are free %100.Our site is a qualified and wellknown Porn Tube site. For now our videos are Porn streaming, we are developing to let you download videos into your computer, Mobile, Iphone for free. Free porn content inside the site is suitable for the Adults only. inconvenient for under 18.
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The free delivery over £60 does not include certain items, typically this relates to chinmey pots, large items and heavy manhole covers. Whilst we would like to include delivery due to the weight or fragileness we have to send the products via specialist companies to ensure safe and sucessfull delivery to you.
All delivery methods will require someone to accept the delivery, check it over and sign received in good condition. Please note any damages on the delivery sheet / electronic device, do not use the product and contact us straight away.
Next day, AM/PM or even Saturday deliveries can be arranged at an extra cost. Please add your items to the shopping cart for an instant quote.
Pallet Deliveries (Large Items)
After your order has been dispatched you will be contacted on the phone (within 2 days), by your local pallet delivery company in your area, once they receive the goods from our local depot, to book-in a day that is convenient for you. (this will not occur on Timed, Next Day & Saturday deliveries). The delivery will arive on a lorry with an electric tailift and a hand pump truck.
Parcel Deliveries (Smaller Items)
After your order has been dispatched you will receive your goods within 2-3 days. No telephone book-in will occur.
Remember when handling your goods:
To ensure you prepare adequately for pallet deliveries please watch the video below for a comprehensive guide.


text: Freemover We are happy you are interested in studying at the University of St.Gallen (HSG). Even if you study at a university outside of the HSG partner university network, you are able to profit from a guest semester here at HSG. Application Requirements Students of universities of applied sciences (Fachhochschulen) or Ph.D. students are not eligible to apply for the Freemover programme Bachelor's level Secondary school leaving certificate. Immatriculation in a bachelor's degree programme at a university outside the HSG partner network. Evidence of at least 80 completed ECTS credits in study fields similiar to HSG bachelor degree study fields (Management, Business Administration, Economics, Political Sciences and Law). Minimum grade average of current bachelor achievements of 4.8. The HSG grade 4.8 corresponds to the grade 2.2 in the German or Austrian grading system. Master's level Immatriculation in a master's degree programme at a university outside the HSG partner network. Evidence of successfully completed bachelor degree studies with a minimum grade average of 4.8 and an average grade of the first Master semester with a minimum grade average of 4.8. The HSG grade 4.8 corresponds to the grade 2.2 in the German or Austrian grading system. Your Bachelor and Master studies have to be in study fields similar to HSG bachelor degree studies (Management, Business Administration, Economics, Political Sciences and Law). A Freemover semester is only possible as of the second semester of the master degree studies at the earliest. Application Process Application period Application period Submission deadline Autumn semester 1 March - 15 May 15 May Spring semester 1 September - 30 September 30 September You may apply for Autumn and or Spring semester at the University of St.Gallen. All required documents and the completed application must be submitted electronically in Mobility-Online no later than the submission deadline. Application documents Please upload the required document in Mobility-Online according to the order below: Passport photo Copy of passport or ID Card Matura transcript/certificate of eligibility for university entrance* (only for applications on Bachelor's level) Current grade transcript* Confirmation of your current home university declaring your matriculation as a full-time student and permit to continue your degree course at your home university following the exchange semester CV Motivation letter Copy of the payment confirmation of the non-refundable application and admin fee (it is not possible to complete the application without the payment confirmation) Signed application confirmation Applicants at Master's level: Bachelor diploma supplement with detailed grade information* *Original or certified copies only. Transcripts, which are not in German/French/Italian or English, must be submitted in the original language together with a certified translation. In case of a successful application, original transcripts and original certified translations (if applicable) must be handed in to Student Mobility at the beginning of the exchange semester. Application and tuition fees In order to apply for a Freemover guest stay, you must pay a non-refundable application and admin fee of CHF 250 via the HSG payment portal. Applications will only be processed after the payment of the application and admin fee. If you are accepted as a Freemover, you are required to pay tuition fees at HSG. A separate invoice will be sent to you before the semester begins. Admission decision Only complete applications will be processed after the submission deadline. Applicants will be selected based on academic achievement, Motivation Letter and available Freemover places. Notification of the admission decisions will be communicated in end of May for Autumn semester and mid-October for Spring semester. Please keep in mind that regarding course registration, workload, examinations, grading system and transcripts, the same regulation as for partner university exchange guest students apply. The relevant information is available here. PLEASE NOTE: Due to the limitation of course slots, you need to be flexible in your course choices as a guest student at HSG. According to our experience, guest students coming to St.Gallen during the last semester of their degree studies are not that flexible anymore. Therefore, we make you aware of the possible troubles, an unflexibility of course choices could cause, during your last semester of your studies. SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION: In case of a successful application, original transcripts and original certified translations (if applicable) must be handed in to Student Mobility at the beginning of the exchange semester.


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US Law Videos .com
Helping you understand American law throughvideo, books, links, forms, and more ...
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American Law Videos > Family Law > Why choose Collaborative Divorce? What is it?
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The area of Family Law deals with many issues including: divorce, separation, custody,
access, support, prenuptial agreements. The law can be complex and it is recommended that you learn
as much as you can about the subject and also seek legal advice from a lawyer who has experience in
the area of Family Law.
The information and links contained on this web page are intended only to be merely informative and are NOT intended to provide legal advice to any person/entity. Never rely solely on the information contained on this web site or on any third-party web site. Information and/or links may not apply or be appropriate to your situation and/or may be out of date. Any person with a specific legal question or legal problem should always consult with and seek the advice of a qualified lawyer. E.&O.E.
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Purchase Single Person Kayaks
If you are looking to purchase single person kayaks for fishing and recreational purposes then you have come to the right place. We offer three ranges; Osprey, NextGen 9 and Nextgen 10. NextGen is our latest range and offers many new features. Our single person kayaks are made with HDPE plastic imported from the UK and treated for UV protection to meet Australian conditions. Our single person kayaks have received hundreds of positive reviews on Google, Facebook and Product Reviews. Find out why customers are raving about these Kayaks.


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Big Bend Ranch State Park Airport Private Jet Charter Prices
Airport Information
Runway information
METAR Weather
Traveling frequently from Big Bend Ranch State Park Airport?
If you fly frequently and you want have access to the finest private jets at any time, our jet card program is perfect for you. Our Jet Card allows you to fly anywhere, at any time and with any aircraft that fits your needs. Contact us for more information or read more about our Jet Card program.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I have to stop for customs when I fly on a private jet?
Passengers on all international private charter flights will have to stop at customs. In certain countries, you may have to go through customs at a specific port of entry; for example, you must stop in Tahiti to perform customs checks en route to Bora Bora. You'll also need to stop at the first port of entry when entering the U.S. from Mexico.
How much rest does the crew need before they can depart again?
Crew members are required to have a 10-hour rest period within each 24-hour cycle. The maximum duty day is 14 hours and must be followed by a 10-hour rest period at their hotel. When scheduling a flight, operators usually account for 12 hours of rest instead of 10. These extra two hours allow the crew time to get to their hotel, rest for the required time, and return to the airport.
How long does a fuel stop for a private jet flight take?
The average fuel stop takes 45–60 minutes. To speed up fuel stops, the operator, or pilots may call ahead, so a fuel truck is waiting for the aircraft on arrival. For smaller jets, a fuel stop can take as little as 30 minutes.
Will my private jet charter use the same airport as a commercial airline?
No. When you charter a private jet, you generally fly into a private airport. However, you could access the same airports as a commercial airline if you request to do so or if there are no private airport options. However, using a large mainstream airport like Los Angeles International or London Heathrow is often a bad choice for private jets, as flying to a smaller regional private airport is much faster and often makes for a more luxurious experience.
Is the age of an aircraft a safety factor?
Aircraft age is not a safety factor. However, if the aircraft is older and hasn't been refurbished properly, it may cause flyers some inconvenience, such as overheating, faulty air conditioning, or faulty plumbing in the lavatory.
How much luggage am I allowed to bring on a private jet?
As a rule of thumb, each seat on a light or midsize jet equates to one passenger and one item of luggage. Each item of luggage is considered to be the standard 23 kilograms, or about 50 lbs. Large jets are designed for long-range trips, which typically involve longer stays, so you can carry more than one item of luggage per person.
Are there aircraft that are wheelchair accessible?
There are many aircraft that are wheelchair accessible. Most of them are large jets or above and have a straight aisle. If the jet has a zigzag aisle – like the Falcon 900 – it will be difficult to maneuver the wheelchair onboard the aircraft. You'll also need the right type of wheelchair; many motorized wheelchairs won't fit and can't be collapsed. If this is the case, you'll need a smaller, temporary wheelchair. Some aircraft operators have smaller wheelchairs that can be used. Please speak with your Paramount private jet expert to review your aircraft options.
Can I fly with large sums of cash?
Yes, you can. This is a common occurrence for many private jet clients. You can fly with up to $5 million in cash as long as you declare that cash when coming through customs. For domestic trips, there's no limit and no need to declare it.
Which private jets come with flight attendants?
In the United States, large jets and above are required to have flight attendants onboard; in Europe, flight attendants are used on midsize jets and above. Flight attendants require their own seats. Larger jets and above have a jump seat near the cockpit for the flight attendant to use, meaning the attendant generally stays out of the cabin.
Which airports offer ramp access, allowing the client to drive their car right up to their private jet?
Private jet clients can often have a limo drive them right up to the private jet, or even drive their own car to the plane. That said, different airports have different policies, and some may not offer ramp access. Please speak with your Paramount Aviation Advisor to review your options for a given trip.
Do private jets come with Wi-Fi?
Many private jets do have Wi-Fi, and it's increasingly available free of charge on U.S. domestic flights. On international flights, prices range from $3.00-$8.50 USD per megabyte used. This means that opening up social media sites that are rich in images and videos could quickly cost you $20 – and downloading a feature-length movie could cost thousands!
When is on-demand private jet charter better than buying a block of hours?
Private jet charter can be a lot cheaper than buying a block of hours for a one-way flight, as you can access floating fleets or an empty leg to reduce the cost. With a block of hours, the price covers a round trip. If you only fly one-way, you are effectively paying double.
What is a carbon-neutral flight?
Every aircraft burns jet fuel and emits a certain amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. This can be offset via one of several carbon offset programs that allow private jet clients to purchase a certain number of carbon credits to offset the emissions from their flights. A carbon-neutral flight is one that offsets the carbon emissions it uses via a formal process.
Can I have a flexible departure time for my private jet flight?
Yes, it is possible to have a flexible departure when flying privately. Operators typically offer a 30-minute to two-hour window, but you can request a longer window as long as it doesn't interfere with the maximum crew duty day or their next scheduled flight. Please confirm with your Paramount Aviation Advisor at the time of booking your jet.
When should I hire a Boeing Business Jet?
Boeing Business Jets (BBJs) have unique amenities that extend far beyond sheer size and are often equipped with 1-2 bedrooms and 2-3 bathrooms (one more of those bathrooms may even offer stand-up showers.) These airliner-based executive aircraft also feature tall or 'stand-up' cabins that are also longer and wider than more typical corporate aircraft.
How soon can I have a private jet ready from the time I call in the request?
Generally speaking, with as little as 4 hours of notice. However, we have had wheels up in as little as 32 minutes from the time our client called us to book the flight and had them in the air. It depends on a few factors, such as how long it takes for the pilots to arrive at the airport (generally, there is a 2-hour call-out time for the pilots), and whether the aircraft is ready to go at the airport with no repositioning needed. Our Jet Card members enjoy faster booking since they have funds on account and can confirm a flight with a simple email.
Can I access my luggage while in flight?
On most private jets, you will be able to access your luggage during the flight. That's because luggage and passengers are situated on the same level. This is in contrast to commercial airlines, where checked luggage is stored in a cargo hold. On large private jets, luggage is often stored in a compartment behind the lavatory, which means easy access to your bags.
When are private jet charter landing and takeoff slots applicable?
A landing or takeoff slot is simply a small window of time in which your aircraft is scheduled to fly in or out of the airport. You will need a landing and takeoff slot if you fly to a high-density airport in the United States or one that is hosting a special event with a significant number of aircraft arriving and departing. If you're flying internationally, you will need a landing and takeoff slot for all major European cities. Please check with your Paramount Aviation Advisor at the time of booking for a specific route.
What kind of in-flight catering is available on a private jet?
Other than the standard snacks and drinks, you can order local cuisine options for your catering on board. In short, anything that doesn't need to be cooked can be ordered; hot food must be precooked and then warmed on board.
Can I bring pets with me on private jet flights?
Of course! Just let us know in advance. The majority of the operators and aircraft owners allow pets onboard. In some cases, a small cleaning fee may apply. That said, there are specific requirements that must be met when traveling with your pet, including making sure that all documentation and vaccination records for your pet(s) are correct and up-to-date. Dogs and cats must also be at least eight weeks old and weaned when traveling within the U.S.
Would you like our assistance?
24/7 customer service is there for you.
From the blog
- What are the Best Luxury Hotels in Cancun?
Let's look at what we consider to be the best luxury hotels in Cancun, Mexico, but before we do that, here are some reasons why this fantastic Caribbean resort is worth visiting. Describing itself as a place where powdery white-sand beaches, turquoise seas, and an amazing colorful coral reef teaming with fish come together for many people, Cancun will seem like paradise on earth.
- What are the Best Luxury Hotels in Barcelona?
Fashionable, captivating, and always conscious of its style, Barcelona combines everyday traditions with spectacular results. Located on Spain's sunny Mediterranean coast, Barcelona is steeped in history dating back before the Romans. Whether designer shopping on the Passeig De Gracia or simply strolling down La Rambla, visitors will be enchanted by everything Barcelona offers.
- Empowering Change Together: Your Trusted Support and Our Impactful Community Contributions
As the holiday season approaches, we at Paramount Business Jets want to express our deepest gratitude to each of you for choosing us as your preferred private jet charter service provider, colleague, and partner. Your trust has been pivotal to our success, enabling us not only to grow as a company but also to make meaningful contributions to our community.


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7017 REIGN x Volume 12
Mackage Fall Winter 2021
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Jose Uy Jamisola is a candidate running in the 2022 Philippine elections. Jamisola is currently campaigning in Manila's Third District. Jamisola is running under the banner of the Partido Demokratiko Pilipino Lakas ng Bayan. Jamisola is hoping to be elected and assume the role of member of the Sangguniang Panlungsod. Jamisola is listed on the ballot as JAMISOLA, JOEY UY (PDPLBN).
This candidate is running for the position of Sangguniang Panlungsod (City Council) Member. A city council member is responsible for approving ordinances and passing resolutions for an effective city government, generating resources and revenues for the city's development plans, program objectives, and priorities, enacting ordinances that grant franchises and authorizing the issuance of permits or licenses, regulating activities in relation to the use of land, buildings, and structures, and approving ordinances for the delivery of basic services and facilities.
This profile was generated with the help of OpenAI GPT-3 and reviewed by Rappler Research for accuracy.


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Sprawling for a hundred mile stretch along the shore of Lake Erie, the Cleveland metro area is clearly a big urban center, but with little effort visitors will find miles of city park trails, lake-side beaches and a well-rounded assortment of museums and sporting events.
Use our easy Lodging Search to find exactly the type of accommodation you are looking for at the right price.
To request your selected free visitor guides, please fill out the form below and click "Submit".
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Romania Population: 21,457,1161 VISITOR FROM HERE!
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
|The principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia - for centuries under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman Empire - secured their autonomy in 1856; they were de facto linked in 1859 and formally united in 1862 under the new name of Romania. The country gained recognition of its independence in 1878. It joined the Allied Powers in World War I and acquired new territories - most notably Transylvania - following the conflict. In 1940, Romania allied with the Axis powers and participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, overrun by the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a communist "people's republic" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of dictator Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, and his Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were swept from power. Romania joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007.
|Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 238,391 sq km
land: 229,891 sq km
water: 8,500 sq km
Size comparison: twice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oregon
|Land Boundaries:
|total: 2,844 km border countries (5): Bulgaria 605 km, Hungary 424 km, Moldova 683 km, Serbia 531 km, Ukraine 601 km
|225 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
|temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms
|central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Moldavian Plateau on the east by the Eastern Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
|Natural resources:
|petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower
|Land use:
| agricultural land: 60.7% (2011 est.) arable land: 39.1% (2011 est.)
permanent crops: 1.9% (2011 est.) permanent pasture: 19.7% (2011 est.) forest: 28.7% (2011 est.)
other: 10.6% (2011 est.)
|Irrigated land:
|31,490 sq km (2012)
|Natural hazards:
|earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides
|Current Environment Issues:
|soil erosion, degradation, and desertification; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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| noun: Romanian(s)
adjective: Romanian
|Ethnic groups:
|Romanian 83.4%, Hungarian 6.1%, Romani 3.1%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.2%, other 0.7%, unspecified 6.1% (2011 est.) note: Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 5–11% of Romania's population
|Romanian (official) 85.4%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romani 1.2%, other 1%, unspecified 6.1% (2011 est.)
|Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 81.9%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformed and Pentecostal) 6.4%, Roman Catholic 4.3%, other (includes Muslim) 0.9%, none or atheist 0.2%, unspecified 6.3% (2011 est.)
|21,457,116 (July 2018 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 14.31% (male 1,576,621 /female 1,493,082)
15-24 years: 10.45% (male 1,151,312 /female 1,091,956)
25-54 years: 46.11% (male 5,010,272 /female 4,883,090)
55-64 years: 12.37% (male 1,244,669 /female 1,409,854)
65 years and over: 16.76% (male 1,454,320 /female 2,141,940) (2018 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 48 (2015 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 22.8 (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 25.2 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 4 (2015 est.)
|Median age:
| total: 41.6 years
male: 40.2 years
female: 43 years (2018 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|-0.35% (2018 est.)
|Birth rate:
|8.7 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)
|Death rate:
|12 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.)
| urban population: 54% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: -0.38% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|1.821 million BUCHAREST (capital) (2018)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.88 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2018 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth: 26.7 years (2014 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|31 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 9.2 deaths/1,000 live births male: 10.4 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 75.6 years male: 72.1 years
female: 79.2 years (2018 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|1.36 children born/woman (2018 est.)
|Physicians density:
|2.26 physicians/1,000 population (2016)
|Hospital bed density:
|6.3 beds/1,000 population (2013)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 92.2% of population (2015 est.)
rural: 63.3% of population (2015 est.)
total: 79.1% of population (2015 est.)
urban: 7.8% of population (2015 est.)
rural: 36.7% of population (2015 est.)
total: 20.9% of population (2015 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|0.1% (2017 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|16,000 (2017 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|<200 (2017 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|22.5% (2016)
|Education expenditures:
|3.1% of GDP (2015)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
total population: 98.8%
male: 99.1%
female: 98.5% (2015 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 14 years male: 14 years female: 15 years (2016)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 18.3% male: 18.1% female: 18.6% (2017 est.)
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|Country name:
| conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Romania
local long form: none
local short form: Romania
former: Kingdom of Romania, Romanian People's Republic, Socialist Republic of Romania
etymology: the name derives from the Latin "Romanus" meaning "citizen of Rome" and was used to stress the common ancient heritage of Romania's three main regions - Moldavia, Transylvania, and Wallachia - during their gradual unification between the mid-19th century and early 20th century
|Government type:
|semi-presidential republic
| name: Bucharest
geographic coordinates: 44 26 N, 26 06 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: related to the Romanian word "bucura" that is believed to be of Dacian origin and whose meaning is "to be glad (happy)"; Bucharest's meaning is thus akin to "city of joy"
|Administrative divisions:
|41 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti (Bucharest)*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dambovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Valcea, Vrancea
|9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire; 13 July 1878 (independence recognized by the Treaty of Berlin); 26 March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed); 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed)
|National holiday:
|Unification Day (unification of Romania and Transylvania), 1 December (1918)
|history: several previous; latest adopted 21 November 1991, approved by referendum and effective 8 December 1991 amendments: initiated by the president of Romania through a proposal by the government, by at least one-fourths of deputies or senators in Parliament, or by petition of eligible voters representing at least half of Romania's counties; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by both chambers or – if mediation is required - by three-fourths majority vote in a joint session, followed by approval in a referendum; articles including those on national sovereignty, form of government, political pluralism, and fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended; amended 2003 (2016)
|Legal system:
|civil law system
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: President Klaus Werner IOHANNIS (since 21 December 2014)
head of government: Prime Minister Viorica DANCILA (since 29 January 2018); Deputy Prime Ministers Gratiela GAVRILESCU (since 29 June 2017), Viorel STEFAN (since 29 January 2018), Ana BIRCHALL (since 29 January 2018); note - DANCILA is Romania's first woman prime minister
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 2 November 2014 with a runoff on 16 November 2014 (next to be held in November 2019); prime minister appointed by the president with consent of Parliament
election results: Klaus IOHANNIS elected president in second round; percent of vote - Klaus IOHANNIS (PNL) 54.4%, Victor PONTA (PSD) 45.6%; Viorica DANCILA approved as prime minister 282-136
|Legislative branch:
| description: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of: Senate or Senat (136 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 2 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (329 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 4 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held on 11 December 2016 (next to be held by December 2020) Chamber of Deputies - last held on 11 December 2016 (next to be held by December 2020)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PSD 45.7%, PNL 20.4%, USR 8.9%, UDMR 6.2%, ALDE 6%, PMP 5.7%, other 7.1%; seats by party - PSD 67, PNL 30, USR 13, UDMR 9, ALDE 9, PMP 8; composition - men 116, women 20, percent of women 14.7% Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSD 45.5%, PNL 20%, USR 8.9%, UDMR 6.2%, ALDE 5.6%, PMP 5.4%, other 8.4%; seats by party - PSD 154, PNL 69, USR 30, UDMR 21, ALDE 20, PMP 18, minorities 17; composition men 261, women 68, percent of women 20.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20.7%
|Judicial branch:
| highest courts: High Court of Cassation and Justice (consists of 111 judges organized into civil, penal, commercial, contentious administrative and fiscal business, and joint sections); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members) judge selection and term of office: High Court of Cassation and Justice judges appointed by the president upon nomination by the Superior Council of Magistracy, a 19-member body of judges, prosecutors, and law specialists; judges appointed for 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court members - 6 elected by Parliament and 3 appointed by the president; members serve 9-year, nonrenewable terms
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; regional tribunals; first instance courts; military and arbitration courts
|Political parties and leaders:
|Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party or PNT-CD [Aurelian PAVELESCU] Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Hunor KELEMEN] Civic Hungarian Party [Zsolt BIRO] Ecologist Party of Romania or PER [Danut POP] Greater Romania Party or PRM [Adrian POPESCU] M10 Party [Ioana CONSTANTIN] National Liberal Party or PNL [Ludovic ORBAN] New Romania Party or PNR [Sebastian POPESCU] Our Romania Alliance [Marian MUNTEANU] Party of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats or ALDE [Calin POPESCU TARICEANU] Popular Movement Party or PMP [Traian BASESCU] Romanian Social Party or PSRo [Mircea GEOANA] Save Romania Union Party or Partidul USR [Dan BARNA] Social Democratic Party or PSD [Liviu DRAGNEA] United Romania Party or PRU [Robert BUGA]
|International organization participation:
|Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
|National symbol(s):
| golden eagle;
national colors: blue, yellow, red
|National anthem:
| name: "Desteapta-te romane!" (Wake up, Romanian!)
lyrics/music: Andrei MURESIANU/Anton PANN
note: adopted 1990; the anthem was written during the 1848 Revolution
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador George Cristian MAIOR (since 17 September 2015)
chancery: 1607 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 332-4846, 4848, 4851, 4852
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Hans G. KLEMM (since 21 September 2015)
embassy: 4-6, Dr. Liviu Librescu Blvd., District 1, Bucharest, 015118
mailing address: American Embassy Bucharest, US Department of State, 5260 Bucharest Place, Washington, DC 20521-5260 (pouch)
telephone: [40] (21) 200-3300
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Romania, which joined the EU on 1 January 2007, began the transition from communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial base and a pattern of output unsuited to the country's needs. Romania's macroeconomic gains have only recently started to spur creation of a middle class and to address Romania's widespread poverty. Corruption and red tape continue to permeate the business environment. In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, Romania signed a $26 billion emergency assistance package from the IMF, the EU, and other international lenders, but GDP contracted until 2011. In March 2011, Romania and the IMF/EU/World Bank signed a 24-month precautionary standby agreement, worth $6.6 billion, to promote fiscal discipline, encourage progress on structural reforms, and strengthen financial sector stability; no funds were drawn. In September 2013, Romanian authorities and the IMF/EU agreed to a follow-on standby agreement, worth $5.4 billion, to continue with reforms. This agreement expired in September 2015, and no funds were drawn. Progress on structural reforms has been uneven, and the economy still is vulnerable to external shocks. Economic growth rebounded in the 2013-17 period, driven by strong industrial exports, excellent agricultural harvests, and, more recently, expansionary fiscal policies in 2016-2017 that nearly quadrupled Bucharest's annual fiscal deficit, from +0.8% of GDP in 2015 to -3% of GDP in 2016 and an estimated -3.4% in 2017. Industry outperformed other sectors of the economy in 2017. Exports remained an engine of economic growth, led by trade with the EU, which accounts for roughly 70% of Romania trade. Domestic demand was the major driver, due to tax cuts and large wage increases that began last year and are set to continue in 2018. An aging population, emigration of skilled labor, significant tax evasion, insufficient health care, and an aggressive loosening of the fiscal package compromise Romania's long-term growth and economic stability and are the economy's top vulnerabilities.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| $483.4 billion (2017 est.) $452 billion (2016 est.) $431.2 billion (2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|$211.9 billion (2017 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|6.9% (2017 est.) 4.8% (2016 est.) 3.9% (2015 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| $24,600 (2017 est.) $22,900 (2016 est.) $21,700 (2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
|Gross national saving:
|21.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 21.7% of GDP (2016 est.) 23.9% of GDP (2015 est.) GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 70% (2017 est.) government consumption: 7.7% (2017 est.) investment in fixed capital: 22.6% (2017 est.) investment in inventories: 1.9% (2017 est.) exports of goods and services: 41.4% (2017 est.) imports of goods and services: -43.6% (2017 est.) GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 4.2% (2017 est.) industry: 33.2% (2017 est.) services: 62.6% (2017 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep
|electric machinery and equipment, auto assembly, textiles and footwear, light machinery, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining, mining, timber, construction materials
|Industrial production growth rate:
|5.5% (2017 est.)
|Labor force:
|8.951 million (2017 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 28.3%
industry: 28.9%
services: 42.8% (2014)
|Unemployment rate:
|4.9% (2017 est.) 5.9% (2016 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|22.4% (2012 est.)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 15.3%
highest 10%: 7.6% (2014 est.)
|Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|27.3 (2012) 28.2 (2010)
| revenues: 62.14 billion (2017 est.)
expenditures: 68.13 billion (2017 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|29.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.) Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -2.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
|Public debt:
| 36.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 38.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|1.3% (2017 est.) -1.6% (2016 est.)
|Current account balance:
|-$7.114 billion (2017 est.) -$3.93 billion (2016 est.)
|$64.58 billion (2017 est.) $57.72 billion (2016 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|machinery and equipment, other manufactured goods, agricultural products and foodstuffs, metals and metal products, chemicals, minerals and fuels, raw materials
|Exports - partners:
|Germany 23%, Italy 11.2%, France 6.8%, Hungary 4.7%, UK 4.1% (2017)
|$78.12 billion (2017 est.) $68 billion (2016 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|machinery and equipment, other manufactured goods, chemicals, agricultural products and foodstuffs, fuels and minerals, metals and metal products, raw materials
|Imports - partners:
|Germany 20%, Italy 10%, Hungary 7.5%, Poland 5.5%, France 5.3%, China 5%, Netherlands 4% (2017)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$44.43 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $40 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$95.97 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $93.71 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$94 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $76.93 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$6.822 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $5.963 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$42.24 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $34.06 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $42.59 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
|Exchange rates:
|lei (RON) per US dollar - 4.077 (2017 est.) 4.0592 (2016 est.) 4.0592 (2015 est.) 4.0057 (2014 est.) 3.3492 (2013 est.)
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|Electricity - production:
|61.78 billion kWh (2016 est.)
|Electricity - consumption:
|49.64 billion kWh (2016 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|11.22 billion kWh (2015 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|4.177 billion kWh (2016 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|23.94 million kW (2016 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|47% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|6% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|29% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|19% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|73,740 bbl/day (2017 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|2,076 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|145,300 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|600 million bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|232,600 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|198,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|103,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|49,420 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|10.87 billion cu m (2017 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|11.58 billion cu m (2017 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|22.65 million cu m (2017 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|1.218 billion cu m (2017 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|105.5 billion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|72.07 million Mt (2017 est.)
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|Cellular Phones in use:
| total subscriptions: 22.55 million
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 105 (2017 est.)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services; competition among a number of telecoms; LTE services; 1Gb/FttP offering; government secures EU funding to extend broadband to areas of the country not yet connected (2018)
domestic: fixed-line teledensity is about 18 telephones per 100 persons; mobile market served by four mobile network operators; mobile-cellular teledensity over 105 telephones per 100 persons (2018)
international: country code - 40; the Black Sea Fiber-Optic Cable System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2016)
|Broadcast media:
|a mixture of public and private TV stations; there are 7 public TV stations (2 national, 5 regional) using terrestrial broadcasting and 187 private TV stations (out of which 171 offer local coverage) using terrestrial broadcasting, plus 11 public TV stations using satellite broadcasting and 86 private TV stations using satellite broadcasting; state-owned public radio broadcaster operates 4 national networks and regional and local stations, having in total 20 public radio stations by terrestrial broadcasting plus 4 public radio stations by satellite broadcasting; there are 502 operational private radio stations using terrestrial broadcasting and 26 private radio stations using satellite broadcasting
|Internet country code:
|Internet users:
| total: 12,852,696
percent of population: 59.5% (July 2016 est.)
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|45 (2013)
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 26
(2017) over 3,047 m: 4 (2017)
2,438 to 3,047 m: 10 (2017)
1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 (2017)
under 914 m: 1 (2017)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 19
914 to 1,523 m: 5 (2013)
under 914 m: 14 (2013)
|2 (2013)
|3726 km gas, 2451 km oil (2013)
| total 11,268 km
(2014) standard gauge: 10,781 km 1.435-m gauge (3,292 km electrified) (2014)
narrow gauge: 427 km 0.760-m gauge (2014) broad gauge: 60 km 1.524-m gauge (2014)
| total 84,185 km
(2012) paved: 49,873 km (includes 337 km of expressways) (2012)
unpaved: 34,312 km (2012)
|1,731 km (includes 1,075 km on the Danube River, 524 km on secondary branches, and 132 km on canals) (2010)
|Merchant marine:
| total 112
by type: general cargo 13, oil tanker 8, other 91 (2018)
|Ports and terminals:
| major seaport(s): Constanta, Midia
river port(s): Braila, Galati (Galatz), Mancanului (Giurgiu), Tulcea (Danube River)
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|Military branches:
|Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force (2016)
|Military service age and obligation:
|conscription ended 2006; 18 years of age for male and female voluntary service; all military inductees (including women) contract for an initial 5-year term of service, with subsequent successive 3-year terms until age 36 (2015)
|Military expenditures:
|1.91% of GDP (2018) 1.81% of GDP (2017) 1.41% of GDP (2016) 1.45% of GDP (2015) 1.35% of GDP (2014)
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|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|the ICJ ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea
|Refugees and internally displaced persons:
stateless persons: 227 (2018)
|Illicit drugs:
|major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American cocaine bound for Western Europe; although not a significant financial center, role as a narcotics conduit leaves it vulnerable to laundering, which occurs via the banking system, currency exchange houses, and casinos
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Source: CIA - The World Factbook