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Research Released by CARPROOF Provides New Insight into Used Vehicle Path to Purchase
LONDON, ON, June 23, 2016 – CARPROOF has released the findings of its first research study, Into the Minds of Consumers, providing ground-breaking insights about the used vehicle path to purchase.
Technology is changing the way used vehicle buyers shop, and with this in mind, CARPROOF embarked on a study to examine how used vehicle buyers go from recognizing they need a vehicle and deciding where to get it, to closing the deal and driving off the lot. Into the Minds of Consumers takes a fresh look at the used car purchase process, in an effort to help the Canadian automotive industry better understand why consumers are looking for a used car, where they are looking, and the best strategies to reach them.
CARPROOF research has discovered two key paths to purchase for today's used vehicle buyers. First, there are Car-hunters, buyers who go straight to the internet and focus on finding the perfect vehicle without considering which dealership they will buy it from. Second, there are Dealer-deciders, used vehicle buyers who seek advice from their friends and family to find a dealership with a great reputation, so they can shop there for their next vehicle.
The study gives Canadian automotive dealers an enhanced understanding of where Car-hunters and Dealer-deciders are shopping, the most effective ways to attract them, and a view into their behaviour, pain-points and preferences.
"CARPROOF is a data company at its core – we have an extensive amount of unique data that empowers the Canadian used car industry," says Mark Rousseau, president at CARPROOF. "This particular data-set provides surprising new information about the way used car buyers are shopping, which will be very insightful to dealerships looking to find new customers and build relationships that bring them back for their next purchase."
The study was released in June to encourage dealer success throughout the summer car-selling season. Into the Minds of Consumers is available at www.carfax.ca/insights as a free download.
CARFAX Canada, a part of S&P Global (NYSE: SPGI), is Canada's definitive source of automotive information, delivering vehicle history, appraisal and valuation. Drawing on billions of data records from thousands of sources, its products enable used vehicle buyers and sellers to make informed decisions. Formerly known as CARPROOF Corporation, CARFAX Canada is dedicated to transparency, and is trusted to provide vehicle history and valuation information to dealerships, vehicle manufacturers, consumers, major auctions, governments, insurance providers and police agencies.
Media mentions
See which media outlets are talking about CARFAX Canada and our products.
London Free Press: Carfax takes big prize at London's Business Achievement AwardsSept 24, 2020 - Carfax Canada headlined the list of winners at the London Chamber of Commerce's Business Achievement Awards. Read More
Wheels.ca: Ten things to do before buying a used car from a private sellerJul 21, 2020 - Buying a used car does not need to be stressful. Simple tips will keep the purchase stress-free and enjoyable. Read More
Driving.ca: How to sell your car in a battered economyApril 27, 2020 - We're living in unprecedented times, but these time-proven tips should still help you get the best return on your ride. Read More
CTV News: Buying a car during the pandemic? Here are a few tips to help youApril 15, 2020 - When buying a car from home in Ontario, experts advise people to look for OMVIC licensed dealers and get a vehicle history report such as a CARFAX. Read More
London Free Press: CARFAX Canada sees move from downtown to former Kellogg plant better for workplace cultureOct 18, 2019 - London-based company providing automobile history reports is leaving its downtown digs for a former cereal factory. Read More
CTV News: Tricks of the trade-in: How to get top dollar for your used carMay 2, 2019 - If you're in the market to sell your car, getting top dollar for it may seem like a daunting task. But there are some tricks of the "trade-in" that can help get you every penny your car is worth. Read More
Canadian Auto Dealer: CARPROOF to change name to Carfax CanadaMarch 21, 2018 - CARPROOF has announced that it will change its name to Carfax Canada in October 2018 to better align with its U.S. equivalent, which is known as Carfax. Read More
Auto Remarketing Canada: CARPROOF to rebrand as Carfax CanadaMarch 19, 2018 - This move further aligns the two brands to better serve its consumer and dealer customers by leveraging the globally known Carfax brand. Read More
Auto Remarketing Canada: CARPROOF data-driven appraisal tool considers 'unique' vehicle historyMarch 15, 2018 - CARPROOF's newly released data-driven appraisal tool can provide more accurate values of used vehicles. Read More
Driving.ca: Buying used? This is how to know you're getting a good priceMarch 7, 2018 - When you buy a used car, you want to be confident you're getting a good vehicle at a fair price. Read More
Toronto Star: Comprehensive vehicle reports provide transparencyDecember 2, 2017 - One of the benefits in buying a pre-owned vehicle from a registered car dealer in Ontario is the wealth of information available on all vehicles offered for sale. Read More
IT Business: Inside Carproof's product labDecember 1, 2017 - A company known for supplying Canadians with automotive information is getting into the product development game. Read More
Techvibes: CARPROOF opens lab in Kitchener's CommunitechNovember 24, 2017 - London-based Carproof is setting up shop in Kitchener's Communitech Hub. Read More
MSN Autos: How to Avoid a Flood-Damaged Vehicle when Buying Pre-ownedNovember 11, 2017 - The Ontario Motor Vehicle Industry Council (OMVIC) has issued an alert to consumers who are in the market to buy a pre-owned vehicle. Read More
CTV News Winnipeg: Flood-damaged vehicles restricted in Manitoba in the wake of U.S. hurricanesNovember 1, 2017 - Manitoba Public Insurance is reminding drivers to be cautious when purchasing vehicles from the U.S. following Hurricanes Harvey and Irma. Read More
Toronto Star: How to avoid a flood-damaged vehicle when buying pre-ownedOctober 28, 2017 - One of the consequences of the recent hurricanes in the U.S. is the potential for flood-damaged automobiles to wind up in Ontario and to be purchased by unsuspecting consumers. Read More
Driving.ca: Rolling back assumptions about odometer fraudOctober 20, 2017 - Back in the day, an odometer rollback meant manually rolling back the numbers on the mechanical instrument that records the distance a vehicle has travelled. Read More
Driving.ca: Don't be left in hot water with a flood-damaged vehicleSeptember 27, 2017 - Collisions may be top of mind when it comes to vehicle damage, but Mother Nature can pack quite a punch. Read More
Canadian Auto World: Richard Pasta named new IARA Canadian Committee co-chairmanSeptember 22, 2017 - Richard Pasta, CARPROOF's national manager of strategic accounts has taken over the responsibilities as the committee's co-lead alongside John Paonessa from GM Financial. Read More
Yahoo! News: Avoid buying a flood damaged carSeptember 14, 2017 - As insurers sift through hurricane-damaged property throughout the southern U.S., there's a heightened chance flood-salvaged vehicles could slip into the second-hand market north of the border. Read More
Globe Drive: What does a prior accident do to my car's resale value?September 5, 2017 - A record of the damage doesn't necessarily mean you'll take a hit for that full amount when it's time to sell. Read More
Driving.ca: 10 missteps to avoid when buying a used carSeptember 1, 2017 - Canadians buy three million used cars every year, and a third of these are private sales (meaning they're not purchased from a car dealer). Read More
Driving.ca: Should collision damage be a deal-breaker?July 21, 2017 - Many, if not most people will cross a vehicle off their list if it has any history of collision damage. Read More
CTV News Vancouver: Buying a used car? Tips to find the right rideJuly 3, 2017 - Four tips to help you when shopping for a used car so that you can find the right vehicle. Read More
Auto Remarketing Canada: 4 questions with TRADER's Robert LewoczJune 13, 2017 - As part of the Executive, we connected with Robert Lewocz, VP of national sales at TRADER Corp. and autoTRADER.ca. Read More
Auto123: 7 questions to ask when you're buying a used carJune 7, 2017 - The answers will help you make an informed decision. Read More
Auto123: How to negotiate a used vehicle purchase or saleJune 1, 2017 - Use these handy tips and advice to make the best possible deal. Read More
CTV News Calgary: Calgary couple caught up in dispute with dealership over vehicle historyMay 24, 2017 - Local couple says a used car dealer sold them an SUV without disclosing its accident history. Read More
Auto Remarketing Canada: With CPA background, Dejong leads CARPROOF big data & analyticsMay 18, 2017 - How CARPROOF uses big data for vehicle history reports and now vehicle valuations. Read More
CTV News Vancouver: Five things to know before buying your next carMay 14, 2017 - Buying a car? Here are five things to know and do if you're in the market for a new or used ride. Read More
Canadian Auto World: CARPROOF adds V-P of productApril 12, 2017 - Greg Beckman has been named vice-president of product at CARPROOF. Read More
Global News: Better Business Bureau warns car sellers about scamMarch 29, 2017 - The BBB is warning Canadians selling their cars to be cautious of a scheme sought out take advantage of them. Read More
Toronto Star: Certified pre-owned programs remove the risk of buying usedMarch 25, 2017 - The stigma about buying used cars has largely disappeared partly due to the introduction of CPO programs. Read More
CBC News BC: BBB issues warning about company providing vehicle historiesMarch 22, 2017 - The BBB is warning private car sellers of an alleged scheme involving companies it says offer to check a vehicle's service history. Read More
Auto Remarketing Canada: CARPROOF partners with UCDA to grant dealer members competitive ratesMarch 8, 2017 - UCDA Members can now sign up for CARPROOF's used-car appraisal tool at a competitive rate. Read More
Canadian AutoWorld: UCDA, CARPROOF partner on VVR dealMarch 2, 2017 - UCDA and CARPROOF ink a deal that provides UCDA Members with added value when signing up for CARPROOF's VVR. Read More
Traction Life: Used Car Buying ChecklistJanuary 1, 2017 - Purchasing a new vehicle is a big investment, heed the tips in the following pre-owned buying checklist to avoid some common pitfalls. Read More
Tire Business: Bill would address selling unfixed recalled vehiclesDecember 28, 2016 - Proposed amendments to the Canadian Motor Vehicles Safety Act contained in the bill would directly affect the sale of some recalled vehicles. Read More
Automotive News Canada: Canada legislation would ban dealers from selling vehicles with open recallsDecember 13, 2016 - Canadian auto dealers will be prohibited from selling some unfixed recalled vehicles if a bill before the Senate passes. Read More
Canadian Auto World: Media shines light on recall dangersDecember 8, 2016 - Automotive industry watchers are waiting to see if a new investigation will expedite government action on the issue of selling vehicles subject to open safety recalls. Read More
CBC News: Millions of vehicles with potentially dangerous recalls still on roadDecember 7, 2016 - Millions of vehicles in Canada, an estimated one in six, have an outstanding safety recall, and auto industry experts say not enough is being done to fix them. Read More
CBC News Calgary: Man alleges Calgary used-car dealer hid past damages, insurance claimsNovember 7, 2016 - An Alberta man is warning others after buying a 2013 Dodge Ram 1500 with $37,538 in past insurance claims, which he says were undisclosed. Read More
Auto123.com: Top 5 tips under $75 to sell your car fastJuly 8, 2016 - Advice on how to sell your used car quickly and efficiently. Read More
PR Newswire: Mark Rousseau selected to lead CARPROOFJune 10, 2016 - Carfax today announced that Mark Rousseau has joined the company as president of CARPROOF. Most recently of LexisNexis, Rousseau brings a deep understanding of the potential for trusted information to help consumers, automotive dealers and other businesses make decisions with more confidence. Read More
Canadian auto dealer: Restoring trustMay 3, 2016 - CARPROOF's new valuation tool is aimed at eliminating negotiation from the vehicle appraisal process, and improving transparency between dealers and consumers. Read More
Autosphere: CARPROOF launches new toolApril 7, 2016 - CARPROOF's new Vehicle Valuation Report (VVR) offers a new approach to vehicle valuation that the company says will fundamentally change the way Canadian automotive dealers appraise used vehicles. Read More
Auto Remarketing: CARPROOF debuts used-car appraisal toolApril 4, 2016 - CARPROOF's new Vehicle Valuation Report offers a new approach to vehicle valuation. Read More
Canadian Auto World: CARPROOF valuation tool set to shake up industryMarch 21, 2016 - Canadian Autoworld predicts that years from now, Canadian dealers might look back and wonder how they ever appraised and sold used cars without CARPROOF's Vehicle Valuation Report. Read More
Business Wire: IHS acquires CARPROOF, Canada's top source of used vehicle data, for $650MDecember 28, 2015 - IHS Inc., the leading global source of critical information and insight, today announced it has acquired CARPROOF Corporation®, a Canada-based company that offers products and services in vehicle history, appraisal and valuation for the automotive industry, for $650 million CND (approximately $460 million USD). Read More
CTV news alert: CARPROOF has the best dataDecember 3, 2015 - CARPROOF Vehicle History Reports, Canada's most trusted vehicle history report provider, was featured in a CTV News broadcast. Read More
Auto Remarketing: CARPROOF announces strategic partnership with OpenRoadNovember 12, 2015 - In a continuing effort to increase transparency in the used-car buying market as well as create new strategic partnerships for the company, CARPROOF announced this week it has teamed up with British Columbia's OpenRoad Auto Group. Read More
Fleet Digest: Stirring up the status quoNovember 3, 2015 - On Page 20 of Fleet Digest, Director of Product Management, Shawn Vording, explains how CARPROOF's new valuation tool will revolutionize the way used cars transact in Canada. Read More
Auto Remarketing: Recall appointments: Chance to secure more service businessOctober 29, 2015 - According to CARPROOF data, there are currently about 3 million vehicles being driven on Alberta roads, and close to a half-million of those have an open safety recall. Xtime shared analysis on how recall service appointments can lead to service revenue. Read More
Global News: Alberta registry offices to begin offering free vehicle background checksSeptember 22, 2015 - One of the last things used car buyers check is whether the vehicle has any outstanding recalls, but starting this month Alberta registry offices will begin offering a free background check when you register your vehicle. Read More
Global News Edmonton: 1 in 5 used vehicles listed online in Alberta has unfixed safety recall: reportSeptember 16, 2015 - A recent report done by CARPROOF found close to half a million cars on Alberta roads are operating with unfixed manufacturer-initiated safety recalls. Read More
CTV Edmonton: New CARPROOF program to include recallsSeptember 16, 2015 - CARPROOF is launching a new program to help consumers know more about automotive safety recalls. Read More
Edmonton Journal: Program offers free vehicle history reports for Alberta registry clientsSeptember 11, 2015 - In order to raise awareness of vehicle history searches, Alberta registry agents have partnered with CARPROOF to provide a free report on their own vehicle to customers. Read More
CBC News: Manitoba minister promises to start 'clean up' on unfixed vehicle recallsSeptember 4, 2015 - Manitoba Minister of Consumer Protection Ron Lemieux will start consultations with the automobile industry on how to address unfixed safety recalls after a CBC investigation revealed more than one in six Manitoba cars have at least one. Read More
CBC News: Manitobans shocked by unfixed safety recallsSeptember 2, 2015 - A significant percentage of vehicles are currently being driven on Manitoba roads with open safety recalls. CARPROOF is currently offering free vehicle history reports to Manitoba drivers in an effort to raise awareness of this issue and improve road safety in the province. Read More
Winnipeg Free Press: Vehicle histories available free online: Helps buyers make informed decisionsAugust 28, 2015 - A new CARPROOF promotion offers free vehicle history reports to Manitoba consumers in an effort to raise awareness and improve road safety in a province where 1 in 10 cars on the road have open safety recalls. Read More
680 CJOB News: Americans unhappy with car recalls; CADA says they're a good signAugust 25, 2015 - CADA says that auto recalls are not always a bad thing, but can also be seen as a sign of a system that works. CARPROOF says close to 100,000 Manitoba vehicles have open safety recalls. Read More
Global News: Oakville woman gets refund on used car after Global News reportJuly 8, 2015 - Oakville woman was able to get refund from Toronto dealer after discovering the vehicle she purchased was branded as "total loss" on CARPROOF report. Read More
Yahoo Finance: CARPROOF reports are a good idea when buying for new graduatesJune 22, 2015 - Yahoo Finance offers advice for new graduates when buying their first car, including the suggestion to run a CARPROOF report when considering a used vehicle. Read More
Yahoo Finance: Women are still paying more for carsJune 18, 2015 - A Yahoo article outlining different purchase habits men and women have when shopping for a used car. Read More
MoneySense: CARPROOF can help you get a deal on a used carJune 11, 2015 - MoneySense provides tips on how to locate and negotiate a good deal on a used car, including the importance of a CARPROOF report. Read More
CBC News: CARPROOF shows accident history on vehicle sold to Winnipeg coupleMay 12, 2015 - A couple in Winnipeg purchased a vehicle believing it was accident free. Years later a dealership runs a CARPROOF report when taking the vehicle in on trade, uncovering accident damage from a previous owner. Read More
The Star News: Reports revolutionized the used car marketplaceMay 11, 2015 - CARPROOF has revoluntionized the used car business in Canada with a shift towards a more transparent marketplace. Read More
The Star News: Do your homework when purchasing a used vehicleMay 1, 2015 - With registered dealers, the risk associated with buying a used car is eliminated. The ownership and mechanical histories of vehicles offered for sale are checked with services like CARPROOF, the only vehicle history report recognized and endorsed by the Trillium Automobile Dealers Association. Read More
660 News: CARPROOF study suggests one in three used cars in Calgary have been in an accidentApril 8, 2015 - A report by CARPROOF suggesting nearly one-in-three previously-owned cars in Calgary have been in an accident. Read More
CBC News: Lemon laws: 7 questions about the consumer protection law Canada doesn't haveFebruary 10, 2015 - CBC News investigation found that Carfax lacks key information that is included in CARPROOF. Read More
CP 24 News: The pros and cons of buying a used car in the USSeptember 9, 2014 - CARPROOF's Paul Maiorana speaks about title washing and how it can impact Canadians when buying a used car. Read More
The Hamilton Spectator: Buying a car online? Be very waryJune 16, 2014 - CARPROOF speaks about prevalence of fraud and VIN cloning in response to Stoney Creek resident's story about narrowly avoiding an online buying scam. Read More
CBC News: CARPROOF helps uncover prior accidents on truck sold to Dartmouth manApril 24, 2014 - In Dartmouth, N.S., CBC News Nova Scotia talked to a man who bought a truck in January and this month, decided to trade it in to a dealership. When the dealer pulled the CARPROOF report, he learned the vehicle had been in two significant accidents in the past two years, totalling more than $16,000 in damage. Read More
The Hamilton Spectator: Tigertown trying to find a couple a nicer, newer carApril 14, 2014 - Couple bought car from a Hamilton dealer, found out from CARPROOF that the car had been used as a daily rental and had accident damage. Read More
CTV's W5: Annual survey of the used car marketApril 12, 2014 - In Toronto, CARPROOF played a role in CTV's annual W5 survey of the used car market. CTV and the Automotive Protection Agency used CARPROOF's vehicle history reports to dig deeper into the history of the vehicles used throughout the investigation. Read More
CBC News: Still 'Buyer Beware' when buying a used car, consumer saysApril 9, 2014 - An Edmonton consumer unknowingly purchased an SUV with unsafe steering and a history of accidents and AMVIC says this highlights the importance of seeing the CARPROOF report before you buy. Read More
CBC News: Car history reports may lack key data, investigation findsJanuary 17, 2014 - In an investigation by CBC News I-Team, CARPROOF was found to have more accurate vehicle history data than U.S.-based Carfax. Read More
CBC News: Jetta owner shocked Carfax didn't report $20K in damageJanuary 16, 2014 - Winnipeg man bought car based on clean Carfax report, upon attempting to trade in the vehicle, a CARPROOF report revealed it had $19,562 in damage claims. Read More
Tech Vibes: Deloitte names the 50 Fastest Growing Technology Companies in CanadaNovember 13, 2013 - For the fifth consecutive year, CARPROOF is announced as one of the winners of Deloitte's Technology Fast 50 list, a program that recognizes Canadian technology companies for innovation, entrepreneurship, growth and leadership. Read More
London Free Press: Business Buzz: November 6November 6, 2013 - CARPROOF Vehicle History Reports is rolling out its free Used Car Selling Guide, a new resource designed to help consumers sell their used vehicles quickly and with full transparency. Read More
The Star: When buying a used car, pay for an inspectionSeptember 30, 2013 - Trillium Auto Dealers Association (TADA) endorses CARPROOF when advising used car buyers to search the vehicle's history for damage and accidents. Read More
Metro News: Storybook Gardens in London has fairytale dayAugust 21, 2013 - CARPROOF sponsors free entry for kids to Storybook Gardens to see five new buildings that were recently added to the children's village. Read More
Autos News: CARPROOF Releases Used Car Buying GuideMay 31, 2013 - CARPROOF Vehicle History Reports, Canada's most trusted vehicle history report provider, announced today the release of their free Used Car Buying Guide to help consumers buy a used car with full peace of mind. Read More
Autos News: CARPROOF works to lower insurance fraudJanuary 25, 2013 - CARPROOF has worked with i2iQ and 10 participating insurers to develop a unique tool to assist claims departments in identifying fraud activity. eSmartClaims will be launching in January 2013. Read More
CTV Winnipeg: 700,000 vehicles damaged from Hurricane Sandy; MPI urges caution when buying used carsNovember 12, 2012 - MPI is warning Manitobans to be careful when shopping for a used car, or they could end up with one that was damaged in Hurricane Sandy. CARPROOF is offering a free resource for drivers to check if the vehicle they are interested in purchasing has been damaged by flood waters. Read More
Autos News: Toyota Canada introduces "Toyota certified used hybrid vehicle program"August 14, 2012 - Every Toyota Certified Pre-Owned vehicle includes a CARPROOF vehicle history report. Read More
Autos News: CARPROOF and ADESA Team UpMay 30, 2012 - ADESA Canada, the country's largest vehicle auction service is partnering with CARPROOF to offer CARPROOF reports on the vast majority of dealer, public and local fleet vehicles consigned at auction, on Dealerblock and OPENLANE, effective June 1, 2012. Read More
Autos News: CARPROOF introduces "QuickProof"May 8, 2012 - CARPROOF is helping dealers needing a quick snapshot of a vehicle's history to help make on-the-spot decisions in addition to the regular detailed reports. QuickProof quickly and simply returns a 'yes' or 'no' finding on whether that vehicle has ever sustained damage. Read More
London Free Press: CARPROOF named one of London's top large businessesMarch 21, 2012 - In the 29th annual London Chamber of Commerce Business Awards, CARPROOF was honoured as one of three top businesses in the London digital media industry. Read More
Auto Remarketing: Experts to share used-car perspective during keynote at AutoRemarketing Canada Conference presented by CARPROOFMarch 15, 2012 - Auto Remarketing Canada Conference keynote session is presented by CARPROOF, providing keen insight into the state of Canada's used car industry through a variety of viewpoints. Read More
London Free Press: Automobile reporting firm born from fraud caseMarch 11, 2012 - An interview with CARPROOF's President and Chief Executive Paul Antony, on how his experience with fraud in the used car buying industry prompted him to create CARPROOF, one of London's most successful technology companies. Read More


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Changes to IPv4 Address Allocation and Assignment Policies for the RIPE NCC Service Region
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This document describes the RIPE community's current IPv4 address allocation and assignment policies. They were developed through a bottom-up, consensus driven, open policy development process in the RIPE Address Policy Working Group (AP WG). The RIPE Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC) facilitates and supports this process. These policies apply to the RIPE NCC and the Local Internet Registries (LIRs) within the RIPE NCC service region.
Information on the Address Policy WG is available at:
delete:  insert:  http://www.ripe.net/ripe/groups/wg/ap
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1.0 delete:  insert:  Introductiondelete:
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1.1 delete:  insert:  Scopedelete:
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2.0 delete:  insert:  IPv4 Address Spacedelete:
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3.0 delete:  insert:  Goals of the Internet Registry Systemdelete:
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3.1 delete:  insert:  Confidentialitydelete:
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3.2 delete:  insert:  Languagedelete:
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4.0 delete:  insert:  Registration Requirementsdelete:
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5.0 delete:  insert:  Policies and Guidelines for Allocationsdelete:
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5.1 delete:  insert:  First Allocationdelete:
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5.2 delete:  insert:  Slow-start Mechanismdelete:
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5.3 delete:  insert:  Additional Allocationsdelete:
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5.4 delete:  insert:  Sub-allocationsdelete:
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5.5 delete:  insert:  Transfers of Allocationsdelete:
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5.6 delete:  insert:  Use of last /8 PA Allocationsdelete:
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6.0 delete:  insert:  Policies and Guidelines for Assignmentsdelete:
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6.1 delete:  insert:  Documentation for Assignmentsdelete:
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6.2 delete:  insert:  Network Infrastructure and End User Networksdelete:
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6.3 delete:  insert:  Utilisation Ratesdelete:
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6.4 delete:  insert:  Reservations Not Supporteddelete:
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6.5 delete:  insert:  Administrative Easedelete:
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6.6 delete:  insert:  Validity of an Assignmentdelete:
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6.7 delete:  insert:  Efficiencydelete:
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6.8 delete:  insert:  Renumberingdelete:
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6.9 delete:  insert:  Anycasting TLD and Tier 0/1 ENUM Nameserversdelete:
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7.0 delete:  insert:  Assignment Windowdelete:
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8.0 delete:  insert:  PA vs. PI Address Spacedelete:
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9.0 delete:  insert:  Record Keepingdelete:
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10.0 delete:  insert:  LIR Auditdelete:
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11.0 delete:  insert:  Closing an LIR by the RIPE NCC
delete:  insert:  1.0 Introduction
The RIPE NCC is an independent association and serves as one of five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). Its service region incorporates Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia. The RIPE NCC is responsible for the allocation and assignment of Internet Protocol (IP) address space, Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs) and the management of reverse domain names within this region. The distribution of IP space follows the hierarchical scheme described in the document " delete:  insert:  Internet Registry System ".
delete:  insert:  1.1 Scope
This document describes the policies for the responsible management of globally unique IPv4 Internet address space in the RIPE NCC service region. The policies documented here apply to all IPv4 address space allocated and assigned by the RIPE NCC. These policies must be implemented by all RIPE NCC member LIRs.
This document does not describe policies related to AS Numbers, IPv6, Multicast, or private address space. Nor does it describe address distribution policies used by other RIRs. The RIPE community's policies for ASN assignment and IPv6 are published in the RIPE Document Store at:
delete:  insert:  2.0 IPv4 Address Space
For the purposes of this document, IP addresses are 32-bit binary numbers used as addresses in the IPv4 protocol. There are three main types of IPv4 addresses:
Public IP addresses are assigned to be globally unique according to the goals described in Section 3 of this document. insert:

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Some address ranges are set aside for the operation of private IP networks. Anyone may use these addresses in their private networks without registration or co-ordination. Hosts using these addresses cannot directly be reached from the Internet. Such connectivity is enabled by using the technique known as Network Address Translation (NAT). Private addresses restrict a network so that its hosts only have partial Internet connectivity. Where full Internet connectivity is needed, unique, public addresses should be used.
For a detailed description of "Address Allocation for Private Internets" and the actual ranges of addresses set aside for that purpose, please refer to RFC 1918 found at: ftp://ftp.ripe.net/rfc/rfc1918.txt
For information on the "Architectural Implications of NAT", please refer to RFC 2993, found at: ftp://ftp.ripe.net/rfc/rfc2993.txt
Some address ranges are reserved for special use purposes. These are described in RFC 3330 and are beyond the scope of this document. RFC 3330 can be found at: ftp://ftp.ripe.net/rfc/rfc3330.txt
delete:  insert:  3.0 Goals of the Internet Registry System
Public IPv4 address assignments should be made with the following goals in mind:
Uniqueness: Each public IPv4 address worldwide must be unique. This is an absolute requirement guaranteeing that every host on the Internet can be uniquely identified.
Aggregation: Distributing IPv4 addresses in an hierarchical manner permits the aggregation of routing information. This helps to ensure proper operation of Internet routing.
Conservation: Public IPv4 address space must be fairly distributed to the End Users operating networks. To maximise the lifetime of the public IPv4 address space, addresses must be distributed according to need, and stockpiling must be prevented.
Registration: The provision of a public registry documenting address space allocations and assignments must exist. This is necessary to ensure uniqueness and to provide information for Internet troubleshooting at all levels.
delete:  insert:  3.1 Confidentiality
Internet Registries (IRs) have a duty of confidentiality to their registrants. Information passed to an IR must be securely stored and should not be distributed wider than necessary within the IR. When necessary, the information may be passed to a higher-level IR under the same conditions of confidentiality.
delete:  insert:  3.2 Language
Please note that all communication with the RIPE NCC must be in English.
delete:  insert:  4.0 Registration Requirements
All assignments and allocations must be registered in the RIPE Database. This is necessary to ensure uniqueness and to support network operations.
Only allocations and assignments registered in the RIPE Database are considered valid. Registration of objects in the database is the final step in making an allocation or assignment. Registration data (range, contact information, status etc.) must be correct at all times (i.e. they have to be maintained).
delete:  insert:  5.0 Policies and Guidelines for Allocations
An allocation is a block of IPv4 addresses from which assignments are taken.
The RIPE NCC allocates enough address space to LIRs to meet their needs for a period of up to 12 months.
Starting on 1 July 2010, a gradual reduction in the allocation period will be applied as follows:
As of 1 July 2010, the RIPE NCC will start allocating enough address space to LIRs to meet their needs for a period of up to nine months.
As of 1 January 2011, the RIPE NCC will start allocating enough address space to LIRs to meet their needs for a period of up to six months.delete:
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As of 1 July 2011, the RIPE NCC will start allocating enough address space to LIRs to meet their needs for a period of up to three months.
All LIRs receiving address space from the RIPE NCC must adopt a set of policies that are consistent with the policies formulated by the RIPE community and described in this document.
delete:  insert:  5.1 First Allocation
The RIPE NCC's minimum allocation size is /21.
Details of how to join the RIPE NCC can be found in the RIPE Document " Procedure for Becoming a Member of the RIPE NCC "
Members can receive an initial IPv4 allocation when they have demonstrated a need for IPv4 address space.
delete:  insert:  5.2 Slow-start Mechanism
The slow-start mechanism was put into place to ensure a consistent and fair policy for all LIRs with respect to allocations.
Address space is allocated to LIRs at the rate that the addresses are sub-allocated and assigned by the LIRs. An allocation larger than the minimum size can be made if a need is demonstrated. The size of future allocations is based on the usage rate of previous allocation(s).
delete:  insert:  5.3 Additional Allocations
An LIR may receive an additional allocation when about eighty percent (80%) of all the address space currently allocated to it is used in valid assignments or sub-allocations. A new allocation can be made if a single assignment or sub-allocation requires a larger set of addresses than can be satisfied with the address space currently held by the LIR.
Reservations are not considered valid assignments or sub-allocations. It may be useful for internal aggregation to keep some address space free for future growth in addition to the actual assignment. However, the LIR must be aware that these internal reservations are not counted as valid usage. The space must be sub-allocated or assigned before the LIR can request another allocation.
To obtain a new allocation, an LIR should submit a request to the RIPE NCC using the "IPv4 Additional Allocation Request Form" available from the RIPE Document Store at:
Additional address space will only be allocated after the information supplied with the request has been verified and a new allocation deemed necessary.
The RIPE NCC will do its best to allocate contiguous address space in order to support aggregation. This cannot be guaranteed as it depends on factors outside the RIPE NCC's influence (e.g. the number of new LIRs and the time needed to utilise the allocation).
delete:  insert:  5.4 Sub-allocations
Sub-allocations are intended to aid the goal of routing aggregation and can only be made from allocations with a status of "ALLOCATED PA". LIRs holding "ALLOCATED PI" or "ALLOCATED UNSPECIFIED" allocations may be able to convert them to PA allocations if there are no ASSIGNED PI networks within it. The meanings of the various "status:" attribute values are described in Section 9.0.
LIRs wishing to convert their allocations to PA status should contact the RIPE NCC by email at [email protected] .
The minimum size of a sub-allocation is /24. This is the smallest prefix length that can be reverse delegated and allows for a reasonable number of small assignments to be made by a downstream network operator.
An LIR may sub-allocate up to an IPv4 /20 (4096 addresses) to a downstream network operator every twelve months.
LIRs may make sub-allocations to multiple downstream network operators.
However, downstream network operators may receive sub-allocations totalling more than a /20 from more than one LIR.
The LIR is contractually responsible for ensuring the address space allocated to it is used in accordance with the RIPE community's policies. It is recommended that LIRs have contracts requiring downstream network operators to follow the RIPE community's policies when those operators have sub-allocations.
The RIPE NCC considers sub-allocated space as "used" when evaluating requests from the LIR for an additional IPv4 allocation. Where an LIR has made many sub-allocations with little assigned within them, the RIPE NCC will ask the LIR to justify the reasons for the sub-allocations.
LIRs should note that evaluating a request for an allocation is different from evaluating a request for an assignment. With assignments, the evaluator can see the network plans for a single organisation. With allocations, the evaluator is often presented with sales and marketing plans. The addressing requirements of individual organisations cannot be examined.
It is recommended that LIRs make use of a slow-start mechanism when making a sub-allocation for a downstream network operator. There are two main advantages to this: the LIR can ensure that the address space it sub-allocates is used efficiently; also the LIR can determine the ability of the downstream organisation to operate within the policies set by the RIPE community.
Sub-allocations form part of an LIR's aggregatable address space. As such, an LIR may want to ensure that the address space is not retained by a downstream network if the downstream network operator ceases to receive connectivity from the LIR's network. LIRs not wishing to lose address space in this way are responsible for ensuring that the status of the sub-allocation is clear in any contracts between the LIR and the downstream network operator.
delete:  insert:  5.5 Transfers of Allocations
Any LIR is allowed to re-allocate complete or partial blocks of IPv4 address space that were previously allocated to them by either the RIPE NCC or the IANA. Such address space must not contain any block that is assigned to an End User.
Address space may only be re-allocated to another LIR that is also a member of the RIPE NCC. The block that is to be re-allocated must not be smaller than the minimum allocation block size at the time of re-allocation. An LIR may only receive a transferred allocation after their need is evaluated and approved by the RIPE NCC, following the policies set for receiving further allocations within RIPE region (see the Section 5.3 Additional Allocations of this document).
Re-allocation must be reflected in the RIPE Database. This re-allocation may be on either a permanent or non-permanent basis.
LIRs that receive a re-allocation from another LIR cannot re-allocate complete or partial blocks of the same address space to another LIR within 24 months of receiving the re-allocation.
The RIPE NCC will record the change of allocation after the transfer. Please note that the LIR always remains responsible for the entire allocation it receives from the RIPE NCC until the transfer of address space to another LIR is completed or the address space is returned. The LIR must ensure that all policies are applied.
Re-allocated blocks will be signed to establish the current allocation owner.
Re-allocated blocks are no different from the allocations made directly by the RIPE NCC and so they must be used by the receiving LIR according to the policies described in this document.
delete:  insert:  5.6 Use of last /8 for PA Allocationsdelete:
 insert:

The following policies come into effect as soon as RIPE NCC is required to make allocations from the final /8 it receives from the IANA. From then on the distribution of IPv4 address space will only be done as follows:delete:
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insert:

- insert:

Allocations for LIRs from the last /8 delete:
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 delete:
 delete:
 insert:
insert:

On application for IPv4 resources LIRs will receive IPv4 addresses according to the following:delete:
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- delete:
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LIRs may only receive one allocation from this /8. The size of the allocation made under this policy will be exactly one /22.
- delete:
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LIRs receive only one /22, even if their needs justify a larger allocation.
- delete:
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LIRs may apply for and receive this allocation once they meet the criteria to receive IPv4 address space according to the allocation policy in effect in the RIPE NCC service region at the time of application.
- delete:
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Allocations will only be made to LIRs if they have already received an IPv6 allocation from an upstream LIR or the RIPE NCC.
- delete:
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- delete:
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Unforeseen circumstancesdelete:
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delete:
 delete:
 Post-depletion Address Recycling delete:
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- delete:
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A /16 will be held in reserve for some future uses, as yet unforeseen. The Internet is a disruptive technology and we cannot predict what might happen. Therefore it is prudent to keep a /16 in reserve, just in case some future requirement makes a demand of it. In the event that this /16 remains unused at the time the remaining /8 covered by this policy has been distributed, it returns to the pool to be distributed as per clause 1.
- delete:
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delete:  insert:  6.0 Policies and Guidelines for Assignments
Conservation and aggregation are often conflicting goals. When the Internet Registry System goals are in conflict with the interests of individual End Users or service providers, careful analysis and judgement is necessary to find an appropriate compromise. The rules and guidelines in this document are intended to help LIRs and End Users in their search for equitable compromises.
The End Users must be assigned with enough address space to meet their needs for a period of up to 12 months.
Starting on 1 July 2010, a gradual reduction in the assignment period will be applied as follows:
As of 1 July 2010, the RIPE NCC or the LIRs will start assigning enough address space to End Users to meet their needs for a period of up to nine months.
As of 1 January 2011, the RIPE NCC or the LIRs will start assigning enough address space to End Users to meet their needs for a period of up to six months.
As of 1 July 2011, the RIPE NCC or the LIRs will start assigning enough address space to End Users to meet their needs for a period of up to three months.
Please note that LIRs must request approval from the RIPE NCC for assignments that are larger than the LIR's AW ( delete:  insert:  Section 7.0 ). LIRs are always welcome to approach the RIPE NCC for a second opinion on requests even if they fall within the LIR's AW.
delete:  insert:  6.1 Documentation for Assignments
In order to determine the address space requirements for a network, relevant information must be gathered. The details needed for justification of each End User organisation's assignments include the addressing requirements, network infrastructure and future plans. The current address space usage of the organisation should also be determined to ensure that an existing assignment is not duplicated.
This information is essential in making the appropriate assignment decisions. Balancing the overall goals of the Internet Registry System ( delete:  insert:  Section 3.0 ) with the requirements of the network in question is needed for every network. The level of detail is dependent on the complexity of the network. The LIR must ensure that the necessary information is complete before making an assignment.
The RIPE NCC provides forms for gathering the required information. The information requested in the forms must be collected by the LIR. LIRs may use these forms for their customers' requests or develop their own forms. Local forms can be used if they record all the required data. This is very important when an LIR makes assignments using its AW.
If a request needs to be approved by the RIPE NCC or if information is required in the event of an audit, the information must be submitted on the version of the request form in place at the time of the assignment. The current versions of all request forms can be found at:
delete:  insert:  6.2 Network Infrastructure and End User Networks
IP addresses used solely for the connection of an End User to a service provider (e.g. point-to-point links) are considered part of the service provider's infrastructure. These addresses do not have to be registered with the End User's contact details but can be registered as part of the service provider's internal infrastructure. When an End User has a network using public address space this must be registered separately with the contact details of the End User. Where the End User is an individual rather than an organisation, the contact information of the service provider may be substituted for the End Users.
An explanation of how to register objects in the database can be found in the "RIPE Database User Manual: Getting Started" found at:
delete:  insert:  6.3 Utilisation Rates
The utilisation rate of an assignment must be such that at least 50% of the total space shall have been utilised halfway through the assignment period applied at the time of the assignment.delete:
 insert:

Assignments may only be based on realistic expectations recorded in the documentation.
delete:  insert:  6.4 Reservations Not Supported
End Users are not permitted to reserve address space based on long-term plans. This violates the goal of conservation and fragments the address space when initial forecasts are not met. Evaluation of IP address space requests must be based on a demonstrated need. Unused, or inefficiently used address space assigned in the past should be used to meet the current request, or returned. Once an organisation has used its assigned address space, it can request additional address space based on an updated estimate of growth in its network.
delete:  insert:  6.5 Administrative Ease
The current rate of consumption of the remaining unassigned IPv4 address space does not permit the assignment of addresses for administrative ease. Examples of this include, but are not limited to, ease of billing administration and network management.
delete:  insert:  6.6 Validity of an Assignment
All assignments are valid as long as the original criteria on which the assignment was based are still valid and the assignment is properly registered in the RIPE Database. If an assignment is made for a specific purpose and that purpose no longer exists, the assignment is no longer valid. If an assignment is based on information that turns out to be invalid, the assignment is no longer valid.
For these reasons it is important that LIRs make sure that assignments approved by the RIPE NCC are properly registered in the database. The inetnum object or objects for approved assignments must use the netname(s) approved by the RIPE NCC and not be larger than the approved size. Additionally, the date in the first "changed:" attribute must not be earlier than the date of the approval message from the RIPE NCC.
The RIPE NCC reviews assignments made by LIRs when evaluating requests for additional allocations (see delete:  insert:  5.3 ). It also runs consistency checks as part of the auditing activity requested by the community as described in the RIPE Document "RIPE NCC Audit Activity" found at:
delete:  insert:  6.7 Efficiency
Where large amounts of address space are assigned for a purpose that is often satisfied with smaller amounts (e.g. transient connections or virtual server hosting), the RIPE NCC may verify the existing usage before approving additional assignments.
delete:  insert:  6.8 Renumbering
In general, addresses can be replaced on a one-to-one basis. Valid assignments can be replaced with the same number of addresses if the original assignment criteria are still met. The addresses to be replaced must still be in use. End Users are required to submit a new request if more than half the original assignment is not in use. When the renumbering request exceeds the new LIR's AW (see Section 7.0) the request needs to be sent to the RIPE NCC for approval.
The RIPE community generally accepts that a period of three months is enough time to migrate a network to new address space. Where the End User wants to keep both assignments for more than three months, an agreement should be obtained from the RIPE NCC for the proposed time frame.
Once a network has been renumbered, the old assignment must be removed from the RIPE Database.
delete:  insert:  6.9 Anycasting TLD and Tier 0/1 ENUM Nameserversdelete:
 insert:

The organisations applicable under this policy are TLD managers, as recorded in the IANA's Root Zone Database and ENUM administrators, as assigned by the ITU. The organisation may receive up to four /24 prefixes per TLD and four /24 prefixes per ENUM. These prefixes must be used for the sole purpose of anycasting authoritative DNS servers for the stated TLD/ENUM, as described in BCP126/RFC 4786 ( http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4786.txt ).delete:
 delete:
 delete:
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insert:
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Assignments for authoritative TLD or ENUM Tier 0/1 DNS lookup services are subject to the policies described in the RIPE Document entitled " Contractual Requirements for Provider Independent Resource Holders in the RIPE NCC Service Region ".delete:
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insert:
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Anycasting assignments are registered with a status of 'ASSIGNED ANYCAST' in the RIPE Database and must be returned to the RIPE NCC if not in use for authoritative TLD or ENUM Tier 0/1 DNS lookup services via anycast any longer.delete:
 delete:  delete:  6.10 Provider Independent IPv4 Assignments for Multihoming delete:
 delete:
 delete:  The RIPE NCC will assign additional IPv4 addresses to an End User in order to make the assignment size a multiple of a /24 if an End User demonstrates: delete:  delete:
 delete:
 delete:
 delete:
 delete:  the need for Provider Independent (PI) IPv4 address space; and delete:  delete:
 delete:
 delete:
 delete:
 delete:  the intent to announce this address space for the purpose of multihoming to two or more Autonomous Systems which the End User does not own or control delete:  delete:
 delete:
 delete:
 delete:
 delete:  Cumulatively, no more than 255 additional IPv4 addresses may be assigned to any particular End User for the purposes outlined above. delete:  delete:

delete:  insert:  7.0 Assignment Window
An AW refers to the maximum number of addresses that can be assigned by the LIR without prior approval from the RIPE NCC, either to their own network or to an End User's network. The size of the AW is expressed in CIDR notation.
The AW policy was developed to achieve various levels of support based on the level of experience of the LIR. The RIPE NCC may review assignments made with the LIR's AW to ensure that the LIR is assigning address space according to the RIPE community's policies. This is important to assure the fair distribution of address space and to meet the insert:
insert:

goals of aggregation, conservation and registration. Documentation for assignments made with an AW need to contain the same information as in a completed request form found at:
All new LIRs start with an AW of zero (0). Their AW will automatically be set to a /21 (2048 addresses) six months after receiving their first allocation. This means that all new LIRs need to request approval before making each assignment until their AW has been raised.
The AW is applied differently depending on whether the assignment is for an End User or for the LIR's infrastructure.
There is no constraint on how often the LIR uses its AW for its own infrastructure. These assignments may not exceed the LIR's AW. This means that an LIR with a /25 AW can make numerous individual /25 assignments to its own network infrastructure without having to send each request to the RIPE NCC. However, where a single assignment would exceed a /25 the LIR would need to request approval for that assignment from the RIPE NCC.
LIRs must specify which assignments to their own infrastructure have used the AW. Such assignments must have a "remarks:" attribute with the value <INFRA-AW> in the inetnum object registered in the RIPE Database. It is important that a separate "remarks:" attribute is used solely for this purpose.
An AW can be applied to an End User network once per 12-month period. This means an LIR or a downstream network operator as the user of a sub-allocation can make more than one assignment to an End User in any 12-month period but the total amount of address space cannot be larger than the LIR's AW. An LIR's AW is refreshed on the anniversary of an assignment. When an LIR has made several assignments to an organisation over the period of a year their AW for that organisation will be fully restored on the anniversary of the last assignment.
The LIR may only assign additional addresses to the same End User after approval from the RIPE NCC.
AWs are regularly reviewed by RIPE NCC staff. LIRs may approach the RIPE NCC for an evaluation of their AW six months after receiving their first allocation and at any time after that. Please note that LIRs are always welcome to approach the RIPE NCC for a second opinion on requests even if they fall within the LIR's AW.
As the proficiency of the LIR contacts increases, the size of their AW may be raised. This is determined based on:
correctly completed documentation presented to the RIPE NCC
good judgment shown in the evaluation of address space requests
past assignments have been properly registered
An established LIR is responsible for training its new LIR contacts to handle address space assignments according to the policies described in this document and their procedures. Less experienced LIR contacts may make errors both in judgment and procedure. If errors happen repeatedly, the AW of the LIR may be decreased to prevent the LIR from making invalid assignments. The AW may again be increased based on the criteria stated above.
The AW may also be lowered after or during an audit if invalid assignments are noted.
delete:  insert:  8.0 PA vs. PI Address Space
LIRs are allocated PA address space. They sub-allocate and assign this to downstream networks. If a downstream network or End User changes its service provider, the address space assigned or sub-allocated by the previous service provider must be returned and the network renumbered.
In contrast, Provider Independent (PI) address space is assigned to End Users directly from the address pools managed directly by the RIPE NCC. PI space cannot be re-assigned or further assigned to other parties. PI address space can only remain assigned to a network as long as the criteria for the original assignment are maintained. Additionally, all new PI address space assignments are subject to the policies described in the RIPE NCC document entitled " Contractual Requirements for Provider Independent Resources Holders in the RIPE NCC Service Region ".
As PI addresses are not assigned from LIR-allocated PA address blocks, they cannot be aggregated on the public Internet. Consequently, they are expensive to route, and therefore may not be globally routable. The use of PA address space should always be recommended.
LIRs must make it clear to End Users which type of address space is assigned. Clear contractual arrangements are recommended and are mandatory for PA space.
In the past, some LIRs assigned address space that was de facto aggregated but not formally PA because there were no clear contractual arrangements for termination of the assignment. LIRs must ask leaving customers to voluntarily release this address space upon termination of service. Where possible, LIRs should work to make contractual arrangements to convert PI addresses into PA addresses.
delete:  delete:  insert:  End Users requesting PA space should be given this or a similar warning: delete:  delete:  delete:
Assignment of this IP space is valid as long as the criteria for the original assignment are met and only for the duration of the service agreement between yourself and us. We have the right to reassign the address space to another user upon termination of this agreement or an agreed period thereafter. This means that you will have to re-configure the addresses of all equipment using this IP space if you continue to require global uniqueness of those addresses.
delete:  delete:  insert:  End Users requesting PI space should be given this or a similar warning: delete:
Assignment of this IP space is valid as long as the criteria for the original assignment are still met and is also subject to the policies described in the RIPE NCC document entitled " Contractual Requirements for Provider Independent Resources Holders in the RIPE NCC Service Region ".
Assignment of address space does NOT imply that this address space will be ROUTABLE ON ANY PART OF THE INTERNET. It is expected that users will have to pay a premium for actual routing of PI addresses as opposed to PA addresses. It may eventually become impossible to get relatively small amounts of PI space routed on most of the Internet. We strongly suggest you contact any prospective service provider for information about issues related to service when using PI addresses.
LIRs will register the type of any assigned address space using the "status:" attribute of the inetnum object in the RIPE Database. The possible values of this attribute are:
ALLOCATED PA: This address space has been allocated to an LIR and no assignments or sub-allocations made from it are portable. Assignments and sub-allocations cannot be kept when moving to another provider.
ALLOCATED PI: This address space has been allocated to an LIR or RIR and all assignments made from it are portable. Assignments can be kept as long as the criteria for the original assignment are met. Sub-allocations cannot be made from this type of address space.
ALLOCATED UNSPECIFIED: This address space has been allocated to an LIR or RIR. Assignments may be PA or PI. This status is intended to document past allocations where assignments of both types exist. It is avoided for new allocations. Sub-allocations cannot be made from this type of address space.
SUB-ALLOCATED PA: This address space has been sub-allocated by an LIR to a downstream network operator that will make assignments from it. All assignments made from it are PA. They cannot be kept when moving to a service provided by another provider.
LIR-PARTITIONED PA: This allows an LIR to document distribution and delegate management of allocated space within their organisation. Address space with a status of LIR-PARTITIONED is not considered used. When the addresses are used, a more specific inetnum should be registered.
LIR-PARTITIONED PI: This allows an LIR to document distribution and delegate management of allocated space within their organisation. Address space with a status of LIR-PARTITIONED is not considered used. When the addresses are used, a more specific inetnum should be registered.
EARLY-REGISTRATION: This is used by the RIPE Database administration when transferring pre-RIR registrations from the ARIN Database. The value can be changed by database users (except for ALLOCATED PA). Only the RIPE Database administrators can create objects with this value.
NOT-SET: This indicates that the registration was made before the "status:" attributes became mandatory for inetnum objects. The object has not been updated since then. New objects cannot be created with this value. The value can be changed by database users.
ASSIGNED PA: This address space has been assigned to an End User for use with services provided by the issuing LIR. It cannot be kept when terminating services provided by the LIR.
ASSIGNED PI: This address space has been assigned to an End User and can be kept as long as the criteria for the original assignment are met.
ASSIGNED ANYCAST: This address space has been assigned for use in TLD anycast networks. It cannot be kept when no longer used for TLD anycast services.
The creation of an inetnum object with a status of "ASSIGNED PA" or "ASSIGNED PI" is only possible if there is no less specific or more specific inetnum object with an "ASSIGNED" status.
Address space without an explicit type in the "status:" attribute is assumed to be PI. LIRs must clearly mark all new assignments in the RIPE Database with either "PA" or "PI" as appropriate.
The RIPE NCC no longer allocates PI address space. Consequently, many LIRs do not have PI allocations from which to make PI assignments. If an LIR has an End User that requires PI address space they are able to support them by sending these requests to the RIPE NCC on behalf of the End User. This support includes helping End Users prepare a properly documented request. The RIPE NCC will make PI assignments when justified.
delete:  insert:  9.0 Record Keeping
All documentation related to an IP address request and sub-allocation or assignment must be maintained by the LIR for future reference. This data is needed for the evaluation of subsequent requests for the same organisation, for audits by the RIR, and for the resolution of any questions that may arise regarding assignments. The records must include:
The original request
All supporting documentation
All related correspondence between the LIR and the End User
The assignment decision, including the reasons behind any unusual decision
The details of the person responsible for making the decision
The history of events and the people responsible should be clearly recorded. In order to help the exchange of information, it is strongly recommended that documents are kept electronically and are readily accessible. If requested, any of this information should be made available to the RIPE NCC in English.
delete:  insert:  10.0 LIR Audit
The RIPE community asked the RIPE NCC to audit LIR operations and ensure consistent and fair implementation of the community's policies. Details of this activity are described in the RIPE Document "RIPE NCC Audit Activity" found at:
delete:  insert:  11.0 Closing an LIR by the RIPE NCC
The RIPE NCC may close an LIR for any of the following reasons:
the LIR does not pay money owed to the RIPE NCC
the LIR cannot be contacted by the RIPE NCC for a significant period of time
the LIR consistently violates the RIPE community's policies
The RIPE NCC takes on responsibility for address space held by closing LIRs.delete:
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Information on training courses and training material can be found at:
delete:  insert:  insert:  http://www.ripe.net/lir-services/training delete:  delete:
 insert:  insert:  insert:

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
- This event has passed.
Private Event for Kingdom City Church
Event Information
Map and Directions
4001-C Yancey Rd
Suite #100
Charlotte, NC 28217
At Bowers Mill
The parking lot entrance is off Yancey Rd. Our building is located on the backside of the brewery (Brewers at Yancey), which is the opposite part of the building as their front door. There is additional street parking off Yancey and Southside Dr. There is a staircase entrance to Bowers parking from Southside Dr located behind Escape Tactic.
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text:
> In Stock Items
> Eyes
> In Stock BJD 8mm Glass Eyes Eyeballs for Ball-jointed Doll
Product Details
Glass Eyeballs
Shipping Time
5 working days
View History
Bought notes(bought amounts latest0)No one bought this product
Payment by Paypal, service charge is paid by our shop.If your order total price(including freight) is $100, please send $100 to us, it will be OK.
Paypal Account:firstname.lastname@example.com
Shipping & Shipping Fee
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For example: if your goods weights 2000g (500g+1500g), the shipping fee you should pay is $41($23+$6*3).
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How society helps children grow up needs fundamental innovation at least as urgently as in how it produces computers. That is why Ashoka is so important. It finds, helps launch, and then links and leverages the most powerful social innovations and innovators.
In 2018, Ashoka led one of the largest and most diverse studies of system changing social entrepreneurs ever conducted. And we found that Ashoka Fellows are having systems-level impact — 74 percent...
This collection showcases how our 2018 Ashoka Fellows are working to affect change on today's most pressing issues.
Ashoka in Thailand
Ashoka's country and regional offices around the world co-create and co-lead Ashoka's programming. This enables our global changemaker community to capture and act upon emerging insights, knowledge, and talents of innovators from a wide range of cultural and regional contexts. See a full list of country offices
Ashoka's Priorities and Theory of Change
Ashoka focuses on four strategic priorities to help people understand and adapt to a world of accelerating change, where everyone is called on to be a leader:
Social Entrepreneurship
Ashoka selects world-class social entrepreneurs who are leading the way to an everyone-a-changemaker world.
Empathy & Young Changemaking
Ashoka is leading a movement to transform how young people grow up so they thrive in today's rapidly changing world where everyone must be a changemaker. Changemaking starts with empathy.
Learn more
Organizing for Changemaking
Living and working in our changemaker world requires breaking through silos, tearing down walls, and organizing in fluid, open, teams of teams.
Carol BellamyFormer Executive Director, UNICEF
Bill Drayton emphasized to us [that] empathy is increasingly becoming our primary resource for dealing with the exponential rate of change the world is going through.Arianna HuffingtonFounder, The Huffington Post
We recognize a new era is about to start. In this new era, empathy and changemaking skills, which Ashoka exemplifies, would equip our young people to lead the country.Kan SuzukiProfessor at Tokyo University and Keio University
No matter a person's abilities, if he or she helps others – to that degree he or she will be powerful, happy, and long-lived. That's why Ashoka's leadership in building a world where everyone is a changemaker, i.e., a giver, makes it so special and powerful.Timothy P. ShriverChairman, the Special Olympics
Forbes knows that the story is change. No one sees that more clearly than Ashoka. It has an extraordinary ability both to envision the big, new patterns and to engineer their emergence.Forbes


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View RequestRequest a quote for this item and we'll contact you as soon as possible to discuss options, finishes and pricing.
Capa by Coalesse
Capa combines flowing lines and unique structure in the form of simple, contemporary office stacking chairs.
Capa's contemporary style and practical comfort provide a unique seating experience for any room. A flexible back and distinctive recessed side panels offer a comfortable resting place for occupants of any posture, and its flowing lines set it apart from typical stacking chairs.
- Matte or polished chrome 4-leg base
- Stackable to 5 high
- Stacking dolly available
- 23.4% Recyclable / 91% Recycled Content
- SCS Indoor Advantage™ Gold Certified
For more information on Capa Stacking Chairs, please visit coalesse.com


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Return & Refund Policy
Last updated: 2023
Thank you for shopping at My site www.iloveoma.com.
If, for any reason, You are not completely satisfied with a purchase We invite
You to review our policy on refunds and returns.
The following terms are applicable for any products that You purchased with
Interpretation and Definitions
The words of which the initial letter is capitalized have meanings defined
under the following conditions. The following definitions shall have the same
meaning regardless of whether they appear in singular or in plural.
For the purposes of this Return and Refund Policy:
* Company (referred to as either "the Company", "We", "Us" or "Our" in this
Agreement) refers to Coombs Wooden Shoe Dutch Import Store Ltd, 2268
Alberni Hwy, Coombs, BC. Canada V9K 1S2.
* Goods refer to the items offered for sale on the Service.
* Orders mean a request by You to purchase Goods from Us.
* Service refers to the Website.
* Website refers to My site. www.iloveoma.com, accessible from
* You means the individual accessing or using the Service, or the company,
or other legal entity on behalf of which such individual is accessing or
using the Service, as applicable.
Your Order Cancellation Rights
You are entitled to cancel Your Order within 7 days without giving any reason
for doing so.
The deadline for cancelling an Order is 7 days from the date on which You
received the Goods or on which a third party you have appointed, who is not
the carrier, takes possession of the product delivered.
In order to exercise Your right of cancellation, You must inform Us of your
decision by means of a clear statement. You can inform us of your decision by:
* By email: [email protected]
* By visiting this page on our website:
* By phone number: 250-954-2336
We will reimburse You no later than 14 days from the day on which We receive
the returned Goods. We will use the same means of payment as You used for the
Order, and You will not incur any fees for such reimbursement.
Conditions for Returns
In order for the Goods to be eligible for a return, please make sure that:
* The Goods were purchased in the last 7 days
* The Goods are in the original packaging
* The Goods were not used or damaged
* You have the receipt or proof of purchase
The following Goods cannot be returned:
* The supply of Goods made to Your specifications or clearly personalized.
* The supply of Goods which according to their nature are not suitable to be
returned, deteriorate rapidly or where the date of expiry is over.
* The supply of Goods which are not suitable for return due to health
protection or hygiene reasons and were unsealed after delivery.
* The supply of Goods which are, after delivery, according to their nature,
inseparably mixed with other items.
We reserve the right to refuse returns of any merchandise that does not meet
the above return conditions in our sole discretion.
Only regular priced Goods may be refunded. Unfortunately, Goods on sale cannot
be refunded. This exclusion may not apply to You if it is not permitted by
applicable law.
Returning Goods
You are responsible for the cost and risk of returning the Goods to Us. You
should send the Goods at the following address:
2268 Alberni Hwy
Box 168
Coombs, BC. Canada V9K 1S2
We cannot be held responsible for Goods damaged or lost in return shipment.
Therefore, We recommend an insured and trackable mail service. We are unable
to issue a refund without actual receipt of the Goods or proof of received
return delivery.
If the Goods were marked as a gift when purchased and then shipped directly to
you, You'll receive a gift credit for the value of your return. Once the
returned product is received, a gift certificate will be mailed to You.
If the Goods weren't marked as a gift when purchased, or the gift giver had
the Order shipped to themselves to give it to You later, We will send the
refund to the gift giver.
Contact Us
If you have any questions about our Returns and Refunds Policy, please contact
* By email: [email protected]
* By visiting this page on our website:
* By phone number: 250-586-6001


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Talk of the Town
Upcoming Events
Credit cards are now accepted. All fees are paid by the cardholder. Payments may take 3-5 business days to process. The Town of Balgonie is avoiding passing on the cost of card payments to all residents, so those wishing to pay by credit card or debit card will be charged a fee. This fee is charged by Plastiq, not the Town of Balgonie. (2.9% for credit cards, 1% for debit cards).


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There's other ways to be socially awkward, too. Like just not saying much at all.
Irving the Socially Awkward Bee
Wednesday, September 23, 2009
«Socially Awkward Bee»
There's other ways to be socially awkward, too. Like just not saying much at all.
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Label Cloud
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Song DetailsWhat are song details?
The Song Details provides you with the information related to the song (also known as composition or musical work). A song consists of the words and music. Our site displays the songwriters that wrote the song. We use * to indicate controlled songwriters.
Writers: Matthew Hein*/Stephanie Kulla*/Adam Palmer*/Jason Ingram*/Jonathan Smith*
Copyright Date:
Song ID: 4138497
Publishing DetailsWhat are publishing details?
By default our site displays the controlled publishers that we represent. An * represents the controlled publisher. If you would like to see non-controlled publishers, simply click the Controlled Toggle and you'll see all the publishers we believe to be associated with a song. If we do not control 100% of a song, you are responsible for contacting the other rights holders and verifying the accuracy of the non-controlled publisher's information. Our site is simply a guide. If we know who the non-controlled publishers are, we try to provide their website or email in the Contact column.
* indicates controlled
Controlled Label CopyWhat is controlled label copy?
We provide our controlled label copy for you to use in your project. If we do not control 100% of the song (composition or musical work) rights, it is your responsibility to locate the other owners and get their controlled label copy. The end result- you've cleared 100% of the song.
© Be Essential Songs (BMI) / I Am They Publishing (BMI) / Open Hands Music (SESAC) / So Essential Tunes (SESAC) / Hipgnosis Songs Essential (SESAC) (admin at EssentialMusicPublishing.com). All rights reserved. Used by permission.
*User must contact the other copyright owners for their label copy.
Controlled Artist RecordingsWhat are controlled artist recordings?
A Controlled Artist Recording is an audio version (what you hear) that embodies a song (composition or musical work) that we control, and can license. We only license Controlled Artist Recordings to non-commercial users. For any uses outside of a non-commercial use please email [email protected] and we will direct your request to the appropriate party.
We Are Yours
recorded by: Casting CrownsAlbum Title: Hear Me LordLabel: Provident Label GroupArtist Recording Control: 100.00%
We Are Yours
recorded by: I Am TheyAlbum Title: I Am TheyLabel: Provident Label GroupArtist Recording Control: 100.00%


text:
Donate now to support the LLIFLE projects.
Your support is critical to our success.
Your support is critical to our success.
Echinocactus beguinii
Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 442. 1898
Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 442. 1898
(Photo 12 of 14)
Public Domain
Public Domain
(Photo by Peiffer Clement)
Work can be freely used for any purpose, even commercial one. Original author of image doesn't have to be mentioned under shared or derived work.
More about licenses and author rights.
Added on Jul 09, 2017


text:
In progress
Reported via Open311 in the Pothole category by Cheshire East Council at 15:41, Thu 11 March 2021
Sent to Cheshire East Council less than a minute later.
Council ref: 2602134.
Pothole problem
Receive email when updates are left on this problem.
Thank you for contacting Cheshire East Highways. We have logged your report and assigned it to a member of our team. The report will be assessed and any necessary action taken. You can monitor your report online at https://fixmystreet.cheshireeast.gov.uk
Posted by Cheshire East Council at 15:41, Thu 11 March 2021
State changed to: In progress
Updated by Cheshire East Council at 08:39, Fri 12 March 2021
The work relating to your enquiry has now been programmed in accordance with our current priorities and will be completed in due course.
State changed to: Action scheduled
Posted by Cheshire East Council at 12:54, Mon 29 March 2021
This report is now closed to updates.
You can make a new report in the same location.


text:
Before Order please check codes counter!!
Sony phone with blocked counter will also ask for unlocking code, but correct code will not unlock that phone.
Price and code delivery time depends from the selected network.
Warning: Last items in stock!
Availability date:
* field required
Unlocking Sony Xperia Tablet Z SO-03E, SGP321, LTE, by code is very easy, it is also safest and non-invasive method of unlocking your phone permanently. Your phone will always be unlocked even after each new update of your phone firmware.
Unlocking phone by code does not result in void of warranty and this is the manner provided by the manufacturer. To get Sim network unlock PIN for your Sony Xperia Tablet Z SO-03E, SGP321, LTE You need to provide IMEI number. Type on keyboard *#06# or remove battery from Your Sony Xperia to check IMEI number. IMEI is written on the information label.
You can enter the unlocking code only 5 times!!
How you can check codes counter:
1. Turn on the phone whithout sim card
2. Type *#*#7378423#*#* or for new models #987654321#.
3. Select Service info
4. Select SimLock
5. Check where is X
6. If X is on NETWORK and value is different than 0, you can unlock your phone.
7. If it is 0 unlock by code is NOT possible. The counter is blocked.
8. [0] instead of [x] may suggest a blocked counter even if the number on the right shows the rest try to unlock, no refunds
9. If it is [x] Network 255 or unlimited, counter can be blocked, no refunds !!
Before you order unlocking code check if your phone is locked: (Insert foreign (Unaccepted) Sim card and when phone will ask for unlock code it means is locked.
Mobile unlock is performed by entering on your phone the unique code, provided by our site. The process itself is quick and simple, just like counting to three. After completing an order, the customer will receive the unique code by email, accepted by both customer's phone producer and service provider. The IMEI number is required to complete the order. The easiest way to find your IMEI number is to enter *#06# on your phone. Upon entering the unique unlock code, your phone's simlock will be turned off. A single code turns off the simlock permanently. It will not appear again, even durning software updates and while changing SIM cards. The remote unlock is completely wireless and does not require installation of any additional software. The mobile unlock by code is the easiest way to remove limits of your phone.
The removal of limits (that were created by the mobile network's operator), by entering the unique unlocking code, is prepared by your phone producer, so it is tested, safe and effective way of unlocking your phone. It does not require any technical knowlage and it does not modify your phone in any way.
Removal of your phone's limits does not cause a loss of warranty. The metod of unlocking a phone by code was provided by the phone producer and it doesn't have any influence on the warranty. All the phones leaving a factory do not have any blockades. The limits are created by the mobile network providers. By deleting this limit you are restoring your phone to a factory condition.
No, the unlocking the newest phones is not possible by using free methods. Phone manufacturers and mobile network providers have additional profits from selling the unlock codes. The easiest and the most effective way of unlocking a phone is to use a code provided by phone manufacturer or mobile network provider. Each phone require a diffrent code, which is assigned to its unique IMEI number. Using free code generators or a code assigned to a diffrent IMEI number will cause a block of the register. It may cause higher unlock costs or a permanent blockade.
Check Available network/ country from the list.
If we have no code for an IMEI number, the customer will receive a full 100% refund.
* required fields
Jul 25, 2023
Recommended to buy: Yes
Jul 21, 2023
Qro liberar mi xperia xz1
Recommended to buy: Yes
Jul 20, 2023
SIM Unlock PIN for SONY XPERIA 1XZ4
Recommended to buy: Yes
Magoma Magoma
Apr 10, 2023
sony xperia xz1 sim network unlock code
Recommended to buy: No
Feb 16, 2023
Recommended to buy: Yes


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Desvenlafaxine Coupon & Prices
Desvenlafaxine (generic for Pristiq)
Do you need help paying for your desvenlafaxine medication? With our help, you may be able to get your desvenlafaxine prescription for just $49 per month.* We work directly with your healthcare provider to enroll you in the desvenlafaxine patient assistance program. NiceRx handles the full application process, helping you to get access to affordable desvenlafaxine easily and without any stress.
Your monthly desvenlafaxine cost savings if eligible
You could receive your desvenlafaxine prescription for a flat fee of only $49 per month. This monthly fee covers the full cost of your desvenlafaxine medicine, regardless of the retail price.
Am I eligible for the desvenlafaxine patient assistance program?
If you meet the eligibility criteria, you could receive your desvenlafaxine medication without paying the full retail price. We review each assistance program application individually. The factors considered by most programs are:
- I am a permanent, legal resident of the United States or Puerto Rico
- I am uninsured or my insurance doesn't cover my medication
- I meet certain income eligibility requirements
How do I apply for the desvenlafaxine patient assistance program?
We make it as easy as possible to apply for the desvenlafaxine patient assistance program. All you need to do is fill in our enrollment application. Tell us about any medications you're taking, including desvenlafaxine. We'll ask for details about your healthcare provider, insurance, and your household income, as this is required by the pharmaceutical manufacturers who ship your medication.
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Does NiceRx provide desvenlafaxine coupons?
No, we do not provide desvenlafaxine coupons. NiceRx is a service provider that helps eligible individuals access the desvenlafaxine patient assistance program. We don't offer desvenlafaxine discount cards, or desvenlafaxine copay cards. When looking for cheap desvenlafaxine, consider that you will likely save more through the desvenlafaxine patient assistance program with NiceRx. You will never pay more than $49 per month, which is likely to be a more cost-effective ongoing solution for your prescription medication.
Can NiceRx help me get desvenlafaxine if I have insurance?
At NiceRx we help eligible individuals access the medications they need through patient assistance programs. You may be eligible in a range of scenarios including if you have insurance, but your insurance company won't pay for your desvenlafaxine medication. We may also be able to help if you have a high copay or coinsurance responsibility, or no insurance in place at all.
How much is desvenlafaxine with insurance?
The cost of desvenlafaxine varies by healthcare plan. To understand your copay with your current insurance, contact your healthcare provider or speak to your pharmacist. Remember, if you are approved for assistance, you'll likely save more if you get your desvenlafaxine medication through NiceRx.
How much is desvenlafaxine without insurance?
desvenlafaxine prices without insurance will vary depending on where you purchase the medication. With NiceRx you'll always pay a flat monthly fee of $49.
The content on this website is intended for information purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice. The information on this website should not be relied upon and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. You should always speak to your doctor regarding the risks and benefits of any treatment.