text:
In 1960, this group was temporarily dubbed "the Jack Pack" by Sinatra when they worked in various ways to support Kennedy's election bid. Kennedy had socialized with Sinatra and the group on occasion and liked the camaraderie, which later turned to political and financial support on his behalf.
What follows here is Part 1 of a two-part story featuring "Jack Pack" history, primarily with Frank Sinatra at the center. Part 1 covers Sinatra's politics, the Rat Pack scene in Las Vegas, and some of the group's friends during Kennedy's presidential run – mostly from 1958 through Kennedy's election in November 1960.
Part 2 of this story – a separate post at this website – begins with JFK's presiden-tial inauguration in January 1961, and also covers selected Sinatra, Rat Pack, and Kennedy Administration history through JFK's assassination in November 1963, plus a few related outcomes beyond those years. First, some background on the Rat Pack.
In the late 1940s, film star Humphrey Bogart had a loyal group of friends and drinking buddies in an area of Los Angeles known as Holmby Hills. Then Hollywood rookie, Frank Sinatra, who had moved his family into that area in 1949, became a nearby neighbor to Bogart, and then a member of his group. Legend has it that Bogart's wife and film star Lauren Bacall, saw the drunken crew of friends all together one night at a casino and remarked that they looked like a "rat pack."Sometime after Bogart passed on in 1957, Sinatra established his own inner group of cavorting buddies, all from Hollywood and the world of enter- tainment. Sinatra's "Rat Pack" – not initially called that at first – came about gradually from their work in Las Vegas and their Hollywood contacts. The late-1950s-early-1960s "Rat Pack" era appears to have begun in Las Vegas in January 1959 when Sinatra and Dean Martin – then performing separately at The Sands lounge and casino – began appearing in each other's acts. Sinatra knew Joey Bishop from the early 1950s on the east coast, when Bishop performed at the Latin Quarter in Manhattan. He later asked Bishop to open for him at Bill Miller's Riviera club in Fort Lee, New Jersey, and soon thereafter Bishop was regularly opening for Sinatra, becoming known as "Sinatra's comic." Bishop also began appearing in first-rate clubs even when Sinatra was not on the bill. Sinatra was singing with Tommy Dosey's band in 1941 when he first met Sammy Davis, Jr., then an aspiring dancer with the Will Mastin Trio. They reconnected some time later after Sammy was discharged from the U.S. Army, and Sinatra would later help Davis in his career. Peter Lawford and Sinatra had worked in a few films together in the 1940s, but Sinatra came to know him much better as Jack Kennedy's brother-in-law. More on that relationship a bit later.
By the early 1960s in any case, the Rat Pack became known for its multiple-person stage acts – with all five of the principals on stage together, plus others occasionally. The Sands, in fact, would sometimes advertise the horseplay on its outdoor marquee with billings such as: "Dean Martin – Maybe Frank – Maybe Sammy."
Others from Hollywood and the entertainment world would also occasionally appear and/or hang out with the Rat Pack group. Shirley MacLaine, for example who starred with Sinatra and Dean Martin in 1959's Some Came Running, would also become a Rat Pack "associate" from time to time.The core group of the Rat Pack, however – consisting of Sinatra and his co-performing buddies – basically set up shop in Las Vegas during the late 1950s and early 1960s. Las Vegas at the time was still growing, and the Rat Pack helped bring in the notice, the visitors, and the money. The Rat Pack's nightclub act evolved into an entertaining and popular song, dance and comedy act with a lot of cutting up on stage, a rolling bar of alcoholic beverages, along with a measure of social commentary thrown in from time to time.
The Rat Pack "schtick" was part Vaudeville, part Hollywood, and part "bad boys." It became a unique stage genre and vintage Las Vegas. But it only lasted a few years before it burned out and was eclipsed by a fast-changing cultural scene. In its day, however, the Rat Pack did the trick and fit the national mood. Musically and culturally, it occupied the transition period between the first surge of rock `n roll in the 1950s by the likes of Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, and Buddy Holly – music which Sinatra initially derided – and the arrival of the Beatles in 1964.In addition to their stage act, the Rat Pack compadres also made films together – some shot in Las Vegas. Ocean's Eleven of 1960 was among the more famous of the Rat Pack films, but there were also nearly a dozen others. Through the early-1960s period, Sinatra and his Rat Pack group reigned supreme in contemporary culture; they became the "cool guys" of their generation, bringing a good share of business to both the Las Vegas nightclub scene and Hollywood's box office. Their network of contacts, friends, and business partners ranged across Hollywood, Vegas, and beyond, including some underworld figures like Sam Giancana of Chicago and also various Hollywood stars such as Tony Curtis, Marilyn Monroe, Janet Leigh, Angie Dickinson, and others. The "Rat Pack network" of that era could also be a potent fundraising and vote-getting machine, a fact not lost on Kennedy family patriarch, Joseph P. Kennedy, an old hand when it came to Hollywood stars and the film business. The Rat Pack in 1960 became intertwined with the Kennedy family – especially by way of Peter Lawford's marriage to Jack Kennedy's sister, Patricia.
However, for some Rat Packers like Dean Martin, politics was a bit of a side show, not to be taken too seriously. Martin, in fact, had met and caroused with a young Congressman Jack Kennedy in Chicago one night 1948 when he and Jerry Lewis were working as a comedy team at the Chez Paree club – a meeting that left "Dino" unimpressed.
But in 1960, Jack Kennedy and politics became very central to Rat Pack leader, Frank Sinatra.
Sinatra's PoliticsFrank Sinatra, from his days as a young boy growing up in New Jersey, had been involved in politics by proximity if nothing else. His mother had worked as a Democratic Party committee woman in New Jersey, and as a boy he marched in political parades. But once he became famous as a young singer in the 1940s and caught the national limelight, politicians soon noticed and sought him out. In 1944 he received an invitation to the White House from Franklin Roosevelt, then in his third term. At the time, Roosevelt was under fire from conservatives in the press, especially the Hearst newspapers owned by William Randolph Hearst. Sinatra, too, had also received some unflattering ink from the Hearst papers. At his meeting with FDR, the two shared stories with Sinatra giving the president some insight on the music business. But Sinatra was awe struck by the White House attention and couldn't believe how far he'd come. Roosevelt, he told the press, was "the greatest guy alive today, and here's this little guy from Hoboken shaking his hand." Sinatra supported FDR and contributed to the Democratic Party. He also appeared at the party's rally at Madison Square Garden that campaign season. He would also become a close friend to Eleanor Roosevelt and years later would invite her to appear on his television show. Sinatra was also active in certain causes, particularly fighting racism and segregation.
In 1945, he appeared in, produced, and won an Oscar for the 1945 short film and song, The House I Live In – a plea for ethnic and religious tolerance. In the film role, Sinatra intercedes to protect a Jewish kid being attacked by a gang of bullies. Sinatra appeals to them through the lyrics of the film's song: "The faces that I see / All races and religions / That's America to me." This short film was scripted by Albert Maltz, a person who would later come into Sinatra's life when he became involved with Jack Kennedy.
Sinatra would sing "The House I Live In" on various occasions during his career, and sometimes at political gatherings, as he did at a 1956 Democratic party rally in Hollywood. Sinatra would also put his career at risk at times when he refused to play clubs and hotels that discriminated against blacks. Actress Angie Dickinson, who sometimes cavorted with the Rat Pack, would later call Sinatra, "a very powerful, subtle force in civil rights…[and] not only in Las Vegas."After World War II, Sinatra became publicly associated with left-wing groups and supported organizations that were later identified by Congress as Communist front groups during inquiries by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). Though Sinatra was named in some committee documents, he was never brought before HUAC.
The Hearst newspapers, however, gave him a rough time over his left-wing involvements. And Sinatra's career, like others in Hollywood at the time, suffered.
According to one account, Columbia records asked Sinatra to return advance money and MGM released him from a film contract. He was also dropped from his radio show. But Sinatra remained politically involved.
In 1947, he urged former FDR vice president Henry Wallace to run for President, which Wallace did as a Progressive Party candidate. But in 1948, Sinatra also campaigned for the re-election of FDR successor, Harry S. Truman. In 1952 and 1956, he supported the unsuccessful presidential bids of Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson. He campaigned for Stevenson in 1956, also the year he came into contact with the Kennedy family for the first time. At the 1956 Democratic convention he sang the National Anthem, but remained at the convention to observe some of the politicking that occurred after Adlai Stevenson had thrown open the vice presidential nomination to the full convention. A young new Senator, John F. Kennedy, was making a run for that spot. Kennedy lost to Senator Estes Kefauver, but Sinatra had watched the Kennedy machine in operation on the convention floor. From that point on Sinatra took an interest in the rising young senator he believed was heading places. But it was British actor Peter Lawford, a subsequent "rat pack" member, who would help Sinatra become much closer to Kennedy and the Kennedy family.
Lawford-KennedyFrank Sinatra and Peter Lawford had known each other from working in Hollywood, dating to the 1947 musical comedy film, It Happened in Brooklyn, in which they both appeared. But their paths crossed again in the early 1950s under somewhat less cordial circumstances. Sinatra had been angered by a 1953 gossip column account of Lawford's meeting with Ava Gardner, who Frank had recently broken up with. Some bad blood reportedly flowed between the two over the incident. Sinatra later discovered he'd overreacted to the Ava Gardner story, and he and Lawford more or less went their separate ways. Lawford, meanwhile, married Patricia Kennedy in 1954, the sister of then U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy.
In August 1958, at a dinner party at Gary Cooper's home, Sinatra came to know Peter and Pat Kennedy Lawford somewhat better. By New Year's Eve 1958, the Lawfords were celebrating at a private party with Sinatra at Romanoff's in Beverly Hills, a popular spot with Hollywood stars.The Lawfords soon had a regular bedroom at Frank Sinatra's Palm Springs place, where they made frequent visits. They were all together that night, seated at Sinatra's table with Natalie Wood and Robert Wagner. In July 1959, the same group would return to Romanoff's along with Dean Martin and others at a Sinatra-sponsored 21st birthday party for Natalie Wood. The friendship between Sinatra and Lawfords grew to the point where the Lawfords frequently visited Sinatra's Palm Springs estate, making the 120-mile drive there from Los Angeles on many weekends. In fact, the Lawfords had a regular bedroom at Sinatra's place where they kept clothing for return visits. Sinatra and the Lawfords also traveled to Europe together on vacation. Pat Lawford was so charmed by Sinatra she middle-named her daughter "Frances." Sinatra also helped Peter Lawford land film work in Hollywood, including a role in the 1959 film Never So Few. The two men also became partners in a Beverly Hills restaurant named Puccini's and Lawford soon became a full-time member of Sinatra's Rat Pack in Las Vegas.
Frank & JackSome sources date Frank Sinatra's first meeting with Jack Kennedy to 1955 when Kennedy attended a Democratic Party rally where Sinatra had also appeared. And in 1956, as mentioned earlier, Sinatra was quite taken with what he saw in the young Kennedy seeking the VP slot at the Democratic convention that year. But through the Lawfords, Sinatra came to know Jack Kennedy more on a personal level. The Lawfords owned a large beach front house in Malibu – the former mansion of Hollywood mogul Louis B. Mayer – a place, it would turn out, where "rat packers,' Kennedy campaigners, and other political and Hollywood "glitterati" would gather occasionally for parties and other events.
Jack Kennedy and Sinatra appear to have spent time together in the summer of 1958, whether at the Lawfords or elsewhere. Some sources have Sinatra endorsing Kennedy for president as early as October 1958, though Kennedy was more than a year away from formally announcing his candidacy at that point.Sinatra visited Kennedy at his Mayflower Hotel "hide away" suite in D.C., and Kennedy, when traveling in the U.S. West, would sometimes visit Sinatra. Sinatra was also quoted in the press about that time calling the young Senator "a friend of mine." Meanwhile, on trips east, Sinatra would sometimes visit Kennedy in Washington, D.C. at a "hide-away" suite that Kennedy kept at the Mayflower Hotel where he would have dinner parties for celebrities and private guests. Likewise, Kennedy, when traveling west on political business, would sometimes visit Sinatra. In early November 1959, after a Democratic fundraiser in Los Angeles, JFK and his aide Dave Powers were Sinatra's guests at his Palm Springs estate for a couple of nights. On that visit, before coming to Palm Springs, Sinatra and JFK had earlier attended a Democratic Party fundraiser in Los Angeles and had dined at Pucinni's restaurant in Beverly Hills – the restaurant owned by Sinatra and Peter Lawford. Kennedy and Powers stayed at Sinatra's Palm Springs house for two nights on that visit. Reportedly, after Kennedy's stay there, Sinatra began calling the room JFK had used "the Kennedy room" and later had a nameplate put on the door noting "John F. Kennedy Slept Here." JFK's father — clan patriarch and former Ambassador, Joseph P. Kennedy — also stayed at Sinatra's place on at least one occasion during 1959-1960. But JFK at this point, in late 1959, was a recently re-elected U.S. Senator, not yet a formal presidential candidate.
Campaign Begins
On Saturday, January 2, 1960 at the Senate Caucus room in Washington, D.C., Kennedy officially announced his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination. Kennedy had already been campaigning, of course, meeting with party officials and traveling the country. But after his formal announcement, and a January 14th speech at the National Press Club in Washington, Kennedy's campaign would begin to target primary election states and other locations where he needed to improve his standing. One early campaign stop Kennedy made was in New Hampshire, where the first primary election would be held in March.
On Monday, January 25, 1960, Kennedy and wife Jackie, visited Nashua, New Hampshire, one of the state's larger towns. On that wintry afternoon, Kennedy walked down Main Street by himself and went into several local stores, shaking hands as he went. One of the shop owners gave Kennedy a pair of golashes to wear, as it was pretty slushy in the streets that day. It was a different era in primary politics then, as Kennedy had no entourage of body guards and handlers. Local folks were meeting him face to face. At one point, as he rounded the corner of Main and West Pearl streets in Nashua, continuing to shake hands, he made he way to one of the town's downtown landmarks, Miller's Department Store. At about that point he was joined by his wife, Jackie, and put his arm around her and they continued down the street, arm-in-arm.There was a rally that day at the Nashua City Hall Plaza, with participants in winter coats holding Kennedy placards as the candidate told the crowd he was running for president. Kennedy would also meet and be photographed with City Hall employees that day, and give a talk at the local Roatary Club as well. The next day in The Nashua Telegraph newspaper, the Kennedy visit was front-page news, as would be the case in other towns and cities as Kennedy campaigned that year for his party's nomination. "Crowds Out To See Kennedy," said the headline. And from that point on, it was regular campaigning, sometime with his wife Jackie along, and/or other members of the Kennedy clan.
Las Vegas
Frank Sinatra and his Rat Pack, meanwhile, began filming the original Ocean's Eleven movie, a film about a plot to rob several Las Vegas casinos. While filming, Rat Pack members would also perform in the Copa Room at The Sands, doing two or more stage shows each night and sometimes partying with friends thereafter into the wee hours. One famous run of their show – from January 26 through February 16, 1960 – was billed the "Summit at the Sands," a title that played on an international summit meeting in Paris at the time between President Dwight Eisenhower, Russia's Nikita Khrushchev, and French President Charles De Gaulle. The Rat Pack "summit" was an "anything goes" stage act of song, dance, and cutting up that became quite popular.
The Sands act with Sinatra and his Rat Pack drew high-rolling and well-known Hollywood royalty – actors, actresses, and producers such as: Lucille Ball, Desi Arnaz, Kim Novak, Jack Benny, Cole Porter, Red Skelton, Lauren Bacall, Kirk Douglas, Cary Grant, Rosalind Russell, Gregory Peck, Cyd Charisse, Peter Lorre, and others. Sinatra, who had been singing at The Sands since 1953, already had a Hollywood following. "He drew all the big money people," Las Vegas lounge singer Sonny King would later say of Sinatra. "Every celebrity in Hollywood would come to Las Vegas to see him, one night or another." Sinatra and the Rat Pack, in fact, are given credit in some quarters for putting Las Vegas on the "big time" entertainment map, and helping spawn the frenetic economic growth and building boom that occurred there through the 1960s and beyond. At one point in February 1960 – at the height of the Rat Pack's "Summit" shows – the Sands had received eighteen thousand reservation requests for its two hundred rooms.
Kennedy VisitIn early 1960, one of Jack Kennedy's part-campaign/ part-recreation visits was to Las Vegas, Nevada, where he would hook up with his friend, Frank Sinatra. On Sunday, February 7, 1960, the candidate and his entourage – including a young Ted Kennedy, then Western states coordinator for the campaign – were stumping through the American West for political support and fundraising before the big eastern primaries were to begin. They set up shop in the Sands Hotel, holding press conferences there and fundraisers, but also taking in the stage shows of Frank Sinatra and friends during their stay. Whenever Jack Kennedy came to a show, he was usually seated up front near the stage. And Sinatra, at some point during the act, would single him out for recognition. "Ladies and gentlemen," he would say with microphone in hand, gesturing toward Kennedy, "Senator John F. Kennedy from the great state of Massachusetts, the next President of the United States." Sinatra would often add laudatory lines, calling him "one of the brightest persons here or anywhere…" Kennedy would rise briefly to a standing ovation from the audience. There were also a few private gatherings at the Sands between the Kennedy campaign group, Sinatra's Rat Pack group, and various Sinatra friends during JFK's February visit. On the evening of February 7, 1960, they gathered for dinner at Frank Sinatra's table in the Garden Room. Among Sinatra's guests that evening was a woman in her late 20s named Judith Campbell, who was introduced to Senator Kennedy and his entourage. Campbell was formerly married to actor William Campbell, and for a time had been seeing Frank Sinatra. Campbell joined the group and sat next to Ted Kennedy. Jack Kennedy sat directly across from her. Campbell would later recall Teddy as a rosy-cheeked young man, "who was very good looking" and a great teaser, with "eyes that never stopped flirting." But Campbell, according to her own later account of that evening, was more taken with the charm, sophistication, and "plain likability" of Jack Kennedy. The following day, Jack Kennedy invited Judith Campbell for lunch on the patio of Frank Sinatra's suite at the Sands. Kennedy would later rendevous with Judith Campbell in New York in early March prior to the New Hampshire primary.
Years later, there would be all manner of reports and allegations about Kennedy meetings with Campbell and other women, some of whom were introduced to Kennedy by Frank Sinatra and/or Peter Lawford, including Marilyn Monroe.
Years later, there would be all manner of reports and allegations about Kennedy meetings with Campbell and other women, some of whom were introduced to Kennedy by Frank Sinatra and/or Peter Lawford, including Marilyn Monroe. FBI files would also include reports of showgirls visiting and/or partying with Kennedy and his entourage at the Sands in February 1960. Still other reports and books mention possible Kennedy-female liaisons at the Cal-Neva resort at Lake Tahoe, Nevada, a resort part owned by Sinatra and frequented by Rat Pack members and friends. Some reports also note an effort by the Kennedy campaign in 1960 to "clean things up" after the Sands visit (and possibly others) to collect all available photographs, etc., lest they become public. On the topic of JFK partying and female companions there is an extensive, but not always credible collection of books, magazine stories, and other sources found on-line and elsewhere.But on Kennedy's February 1960 swing West, and during his stay at The Sands, he did quite well by most accounts. Beyond the introduction to Campbell, Kennedy left the Sands, according to one account, with "satchels full of cash," referring to fundraising gains made in part through Sinatra's friends and connections, including the owners of the The Sands hotel and casino. Frank Sinatra by this time was well on board to help JFK win his party's nomination and the national election beyond. He would work hard for Kennedy throughout 1960. And while Hollywood and politics had certainly mingled before, this was something of a new mixture between nationally-popular entertainment titans and a rising political star. Sinatra, in particular, pulled out all the stops for his new political friend, and apart from any personal advantage he stood to gain from the association, Sinatra appears to have sincerely believed that Jack Kennedy would be good for the country.
"High Hopes"
Among other things, Sinatra lent his voice to the Kennedy campaign. He refashioned one of his earlier songs for Kennedy campaign use – "High Hopes" – a song first popularized by Sinatra in the 1959 film, A Hole in the Head, a comedy directed by Frank Capra in which Sinatra, Edward G. Robinson, Eleanor Parker, Keenan Wynn, and others appeared.
The original song was written by Jimmy Van Heusen with lyrics by Sammy Cahn, who also helped to rework the new version for the Kennedy campaign.
The original "High Hopes" had been a hit song, featured with a children's choir and lyrics that described animals doing seemingly impossible acts. The song appeared on pop music charts of its day, was nominated for a Grammy, and also won an Oscar for Best Original Song at the 32nd Academy Awards — all of which made it a highly recognizable tune.
"High Hopes"
Everyone is voting for Jack.
'Cause he's got High Hopes!
Come on and vote for Kennedy.
K-E-double N-E-D-Y
'Cause he's got High Hopes!
Come on and vote for Kennedy
Sinatra recorded a special promotional 45rpm version of "High Hopes" in February 1960 for use on the campaign trail, throughout key primary states, and into the general election. This tune, with special "elect-Jack-Kennedy" lyrics, and backed by a chorus version of "all the way," pretty much became the JFK campaign theme song. Frank Sinatra, however, wasn't always available to make personal appearances on behalf of Kennedy — though he did his share. Still, his presence permeated the campaign nationwide by virtue of this campaign song. And on some occasions, "High Hopes" received a little bit of extra help.
Juke Box Fix
Leading up to the West Virginia Democratic primary election in May, juke boxes in that state, which were controlled through an organized crime network, were updated with copies of the "High Hopes" recording.
Kennedy aides also went through the state paying tavern and restaurant owners a small stipend to assure that the new jukebox version of "High Hopes" was played frequently. Beyond West Virginia, the special recording was widely circulated and used during Kennedy's election run, played at campaign rallies, on jukeboxes, and also heard in some TV ads. The Sinatra song for JFK was heard all across the country.
During the primary election season, however, Kennedy handlers became nervous about Sinatra and the Rat Pack becoming too overtly connected to the campaign, as Democratic rivals, including Hubert Humphrey and Lyndon Johnson, would try to cast those associations in a negative light.
So, Sinatra and other Rat Packers did limited public campaigning for Kennedy during the primaries. And not long after the New Hampshire primary– in which Kennedy had won the state's Democratic Party nomination on March 8, 1960 – there came some controversy with Frank Sinatra.
The Maltz AffairIn February 1960, Sinatra planned to hire Albert Maltz to write the screenplay for a film he was making about an army deserter during WWII using the title, the Execution of Private Slovick. But Maltz was one of the famous "Hollywood Ten" – alleged communist party members who appeared before the House UnAmerican Activities Committee in November 1947. Maltz was one of those jailed in 1951 for contempt of Congress, refusing to tell the committee whether he had ever been a member of communist organizations. When word of Sinatra's plan to use Maltz was reported by the New York Times on March 12, 1960, the reaction, especially in some conservative corners, began to reach into Sinatra's involvement with the Kennedy campaign. Sinatra fought back, claiming his critics were hitting "below the belt." At one point he even took out an ad in the Hollywood trade papers saying he was his own man and could hire who ever he wanted. General Motors, however, then a giant economic power, had been lined up to sponsor some of Frank's TV specials, and threatened to withdraw over the Maltz connection. One of Sinatra's planned TV specials at the time was to "welcome home" Elvis Presley, the young rock 'n roll star whose earlier U.S. Army enlistment was then ending. But Presley's manger, Colonel Parker, also called Sinatra, saying Presley might have to pull out. Then the Catholic Church, including a Boston cardinal, began suggesting that if JFK were perceived as soft on communism, this might cost him some Catholic votes. With that, patriarch Joe Kennedy weighed in, telling Sinatra he felt the controversy would hurt Jack's presidential bid. In early April 1960s, Sinatra finally agreed let Maltz go, but he paid him in full. Sinatra also had a bit of dust up with fellow Hollywood star and then Richard Nixon supporter John Wayne over the Maltz affair. Wayne and Sinatra had attended a benefit dinner at the Moulin Rouge club in Los Angeles later that spring, and they nearly came to blows over Maltz, according to one account. The incident arose over earlier negative comments Wayne had made about Kennedy and Sinatra'a hiring of Maltz. Wayne reportedly told a reporter, "I wonder how Sinatra's crony, Senator John F. Kennedy, feels about Sinatra hiring such a man." In any case, neither Kennedy nor Sinatra appeared mortally wounded by the Maltz affair. Sinatra, for his part, was then having a good run on broadcast television. His "Welcome Home Elvis" TV special – the final show in a series of four successful Sinatra TV specials – was broadcast in May 1960, and according to reports at the time it earned "massive viewing figures." That special, and others that preceded it, also typically included other Rat Pack members, Sammy Davis Jr., Joey Bishop, Peter Lawford, and at the Elvis show, Sinatra's daughter, Nancy.
WisconsinKennedy, meanwhile, in March and April of 1960, was facing a formidable challenger in the Wisconsin Democratic Presidential primary, fellow U.S. Senator Hubert Humphrey, a popular liberal from Minnesota. The two senators had squared off in Wisconsin. Both men had campaigned extensively in the state. Kennedy used his family members and wife, Jackie, to help cover the state. Kennedy sisters Eunice, Jean and Pat were there, as were brothers Bobby and Ted. The March 28, 1960 edition of Life magazine did a feature piece on the two candidates spread over several pages with photos of their respective campaigns in the state. There was also a small photo of Frank Sinatra included in Life's story with the caption "voice Sinatra," referring to his Kennedy "High Hopes" recording, but also mentioning that he did not appear in the state for Kennedy in person. On April 5, 1960, the day of the primary election, Kennedy emerged the victor, beating Humphrey by a count of 478,118 to 372,034. It was an important primary win for Kennedy. However, Kennedy's margin of victory in Wisconsin had came mostly from heavily Catholic areas, and that left party bosses unconvinced of his appeal to non-Catholic voters. So the next primary state of West Virginia – a heavily Protestant state where Kennedy would also face Humphrey, but where anti-Catholic bigotry was said to be widespread – would be crucial.
West Virginia
West Virginia turned out to be a critical state that Kennedy needed to win for the Democratic Presidential nomination. Without a primary win there, he faced the prospect of a brokered convention decided by Democratic Party bosses where competing candidates such as Lyndon B. Johnson, Adlai Stevenson, and/or Hubert Humphrey might do quite well. Initially, Kennedy thought he would not need to run in the West Virginia primary, as earlier polling in the state in 1958 had shown him to be well ahead of the likely Republican nominee, Richard Nixon. It also appeared there would be no Democratic challenger to run in the primary. But after Hubert Humphrey decided to run there, another Lou Harris Poll found Kennedy running well behind Humphrey. Kennedy's Catholic religion also became a factor in West Virginia. But on May 8th, two days before the election, Kennedy's campaign brought Franklin Roosevelt's son into the state to help, and in a radio broadcast paid for by the campaign, FDR, Jr. asked JFK how his Catholicism would effect his presidency. Kennedy replied that taking the oath of office required swearing on the Bible that the president would defend separation of church and state. Any candidate that violated this oath, Kennedy said in the broadcast, not only violated the Constitution but "sinned against God."Kennedy patriarch Joseph Kennedy reportedly asked Frank Sinatra to seek election help in West Virginia from Chicago mob leader Sam Giancana. Kennedy also framed the religion issue one of tolerance versus intolerance, and this in particular, helped put Humphrey on the defensive, since Humphrey had long prided himself a champion of tolerance. Kennedy defeated Hubert Humphrey in the West Virginia primary. In addition to Kennedy's own deft maneuvering in that campaign, he reportedly also had other help.
Kennedy patriarch Joseph P. Kennedy reportedly asked Frank Sinatra to seek election help in West Virginia from Chicago mob leader Sam Giancana. Giancana allegedly helped spread cash around the state and also influenced certain unions to help get out the vote in the primary election. In any case, Kennedy defeated Hubert Humphrey in the West Virginia primary with more than 60 percent of the vote, helping dispel doubts that he could win in Protestant territory and that Americans would support a Roman Catholic nominee. It was Kennedy's seventh victory in the primaries. On the following day, Humphrey conceded and withdrew from the presidential race. However, there were still other Democratic rivals who could challenge Kennedy at the convention. Chief among these was U.S. Senator Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas.Later that summer, in the week before the Democratic National Convention, former U.S. President Harry S. Truman said at a July 2nd, 1960 news conference in Independence, Missouri, that John F. Kennedy lacked the maturity to be President, and that he should decline the nomination. Truman may have been trying to help some of the other Democratic candidates, such as Lyndon Johnson or Adlai Stevenson, who might fare better at a brokered convention. Truman also had tangled with Joseph P. Kennedy in his political past, so there may have been some bad blood there as well. But a few days after Truman made his remarks, Lyndon Johnson on July 5, 1960, announced that he would seek, and said he expected to win, the presidential nomination at the upcoming convention. Johnson asserted Kennedy had less than 600 of the required 701 delegates needed for a nomination. Johnson claimed he had at least 500. Adlai Stevenson, the party's nominee in 1952 and 1956, had also announced his candidacy about a week before the convention. But Johnson was the bigger threat, and he challenged Kennedy to a TV debate which was apparently held during or leading up to the convention before a joint meeting of the Texas and Massachusetts delegations, and which most observers believed Kennedy won. After that, Johnson was not able to expand his delegate support beyond the South.
Democratic ConventionAs the Democratic National Convention opened in Los Angeles, California at the Sports Arena in July 1960, Frank Sinatra and friends helped fill a "big donors" fundraising dinner on Sunday evening, July 10th at the Beverly Hilton Hotel. Sinatra and Judy Garland performed that evening at the event. More than 2,800 guests attended, with a number of Hollywood attendees recruited by Sinatra, among them: Milton Berle, Tony Curtis, George Jessel, Janet Leigh, Shirley MacLaine, Joe E. Louis, Mort Sahl, and others. Then, as the convention got down to the business at hand, it was formally opened on Monday, July 11th, 1960. On stage, and as part of the opening ceremony, was Frank Sinatra and some of his friends – Sammy Davis, Janet Leigh, and Tony Curtis, and Peter Lawford. Also in attendance were Nat "King" Cole, Shirley MacLaine, Lee Marvin, Edward G. Robinson, Hope Lange, Lloyd Bridges and Vincent Price. Some of these celebrities were introduced to the convention one by one. However, when Sammy Davis, Jr. came forward, he was booed by the Mississippi and Alabama delegations. Davis was devastated. Choked up, he managed to sing through the National Anthem with Sinatra and others, but left the convention hall shortly thereafter.
Sammy Davis, Jr.
Sammy Davis, as part of Sinatra's team, had worked hard for Kennedy. On the campaign trail, the Kennedy people would give Davis a list of rallies and cocktail parties in cities and towns where Davis would be playing. Davis would attend these gatherings, sometimes to sing a song or just mingle with the guests. He would later report that he enjoyed doing it and being involved in the excitement of the campaign. Yet politically, inside the Kennedy campaign, Davis was seen as a potential liability in some parts of the country, especially in the south. And Kennedy needed southern Democratic support to win the election. The south at that time was still deeply mired in its segregated ways. In fact, in 1960, most Southern states still had on their books anti-miscegenation laws, which prohibited marriage between whites and blacks. The Supreme Court would not strike down those laws until 1967.Earlier that year, Sammy Davis had become involved with Swedish actress and Hollywood movie star May Britt. The two had fallen in love and made plans for marriage. Davis, in fact, had announced in May 1960 that the couple would be married in mid-October 1960. Frank Sinatra agreed to be Davis' best man at the wedding. A torrent of bad press, with all manner of ugly public and private displays of hatred and threats came at Davis for the pending biracial union between he and Britt. Soon, Kennedy was being hit by some critics as approving interracial marriage. Sinatra was being singled out as well. Newspaper stories about Sinatra being Davis' best man sometimes ran next to stories about Sinatra campaigning for Kennedy. Reportedly, Joe Kennedy sent word to Davis to postpone the wedding. In any case, Davis began to feel the pressure, and he knew that Sinatra was feeling it too. He decided to postpone the wedding until November 13, 1960. But at the Democratic Convention that July evening as he tried to sing the National Anthem after the southern booing, Sammy Davis was a deeply wounded man. "Delegates Boo Negro," read one news headline in the New York Times the next day – accompanied by a smaller sub head that noted, "But Sammy Davis Jr. Is Also Applauded at Convention."
Two days later in the inner workings of the convention, Kennedy's team did push through a civil rights plank calling for the end of segregation. Martin Luther King, Jr at the time called it "the most positive, dynamic and meaningful civil rights plank that has ever been adopted by either party."
However, it would take another four years before some of those provisions would become law.
Working The Floor
Meanwhile, back at the Democratic convention on the evening Davis was booed, Sinatra and other friends helped to work the floor of the convention for Kennedy delegates. He, Judy Garland, Kay Thompson, and others worked to persuade Democratic delegates to support Kennedy for the nomination.
On July 13th, Sinatra joined JFK and the Kennedy clan monitoring the early convention activity by TV from the Beverly Hills mansion of Joe Kennedy's Hollywood friend, Marion Davis. There were meetings and comings and goings there that day with labor leaders and party bosses from all over the country, preparing for the convention vote. The formal casting of delegate votes for the candidates would occur the following day.On the evening of Wednesday, July 13, 1960, John F. Kennedy won his party's nomination for President on the first ballot. Wyoming's 15 delegates gave him the two-thirds majority. With 761 votes needed to nominate, Kennedy received 806. U.S. Senate Majority Leader Lyndon Johnson came in second with 409 votes. Sinatra at that time was quite excited with JFK's victory, reportedly back-slapping Peter Lawford and saying, "We're on our way to the White house, buddy boy…"
Back at the convention the next day at 9 a.m., Kennedy asked Lyndon Johnson to be his running mate, and to the surprise of many, Johnson accepted. Johnson was not the preferred candidate of many in JFK's camp, including his brother, Bobby. But Johnson would prove to be an important pick on election night. Meanwhile, after hours, as the political business of that day's convention activities subsided, Peter and Pat Lawford threw a nomination party for JFK at their Santa Monica home, with Frank Sinatra and various other celebrities attending, among them, Marilyn Monroe.On a late Friday afternoon, July 15, 1960, Democratic Presidential nominee John F. Kennedy appeared before a crowd of some 80,000 people in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum to deliver his formal acceptance speech. At the time, the gathering was touted as the largest crowd ever to hear a political speech. It was in this speech that the phrase "The New Frontier" was first used. In his remarks, Kennedy cited the American West as the "last frontier," saying "we stand today on the edge of a new frontier— the frontier of the 1960s." As the convention concluded, the Democrats had their ticket ready to do battle with the Republicans: Jack Kennedy for President and Lyndon Johnson for Vice President — "Leadership for The 60's," as one campaign poster put it.
Ocean's 11As the Democrats made plans for their fall campaign, the Republicans convened their convention in Chicago, Illinois at the International Amphitheatre from July 25 to July 28, 1960, nominating Richard Nixon. The attention of the Rat Pack, meanwhile, shifted to the premiere opening of their new film, Ocean's 11. Frank Sinatra had already attended a New York meeting in June with film director Lewis Milestone and Warner Brothers executives to plan a big August 1960 grand opening and film premier in Las Vegas. That summer, Sinatra had also arranged to have a private showing of the film at his Palm Springs home for Jack and Jackie Kennedy. In Las Vegas at the film premier that August, Sinatra and various Rat Packers were on hand to meet with the press to promote the film and also to do their stage act. All five of the Rat Pack core group appeared in the film – Peter Lawford, Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis, Jr., and Joey Bishop. A number of other stars also appeared, some briefly, among them: Angie Dickinson, Cesar Romero, Richard Conte, Buddy Lester, Shirley MacLaine, Red Skelton, and George Raft. The plot of the film involves a group World War II veterans recruited by Danny Ocean (Frank Sinatra) and Jimmy Foster (Peter Lawford) to rob five different Las Vegas casinos in an elaborate New Years eve heist. The film was among the top ten grossing films that year but was not widely cheered by all film critics. Bosley Crowther of the New York Times, writing in August 1960, observed: "A surprisingly nonchalant and flippant attitude toward crime — an attitude so amoral it roadblocks a lot of valid gags — is maintained through "Ocean's 11…". Still, the film was popular because of its stars. And over the years, it would become a signature "Rat Pack" film – remade in 2001with George Clooney, Brad Pitt and others. Sinatra and his Rat Packers, in various combinations, would appear in at least nine other Hollywood films made between 1958 and 1970. Sergeants 3, for example, another film with all five Rat Pack members, would come out in 1962. Back at the 1960 Kennedy campaign, meanwhile, the effort was now focused on the fall contest with Richard Nixon and the Republicans. Sinatra and friends would continue to help out where they could.
Fall CampaignAs the general election campaign began, Sinatra persuaded some of his Hollywood friends to hold small receptions for prospective Kennedy supporters. Sinatra was friends with Tony Curtis and Janet Leigh, both successful film stars who had been married to each other since 1951. Leigh had co-starred with her husband in five films through the 1950s, including Houdini (1953) and had just appeared in the Alfred Hitchock classic Psycho, released in June 1960, in which she is murdered in one of Hollywood's most famous shower scenes. Leigh and Curtis had also attended the Democratic National Convention that July.
In early September 1960, Janet Leigh and Tony Curtis agreed to use their home for a "Key Women for Kennedy" campaign event. On September 7th, a crowd estimated at 2,000 turned out at Leigh's place for quite a successful gathering. Ted Kennedy, then the western states coordinator for his brother's campaign, was also on hand for the event. Frank Sinatra, shown at left, appeared there as well.
Out on the campaign trail, the issue of Kennedy's Catholic religion had not gone away. Many still feared that government under Kennedy would be unduly influenced by religious interests, and the issue was still seen as a distinct liability for the candidate. As Kennedy made a campaign swing through Texas, he decided to take on the religion issue directly. On September 12, 1960, he spoke before the Greater Houston Ministerial Association in Houston, Texas where he famously told his audience: "I am not the Catholic candidate for President. I am the Democratic Party candidate for President who also happens to be a Catholic. I do not speak for my Church on public matters – and the Church does not speak for me." Also that September, in Hawaii, which had only recently become a state, Frank Sinatra and Peter Lawford were on location filming The Devil at 4 O' Clock. While in the state, both did some campaigning for Kennedy, including one performance before an audience of about 9,000 at the Waikiki Shell.By late September 1960, the Presidential race was capturing mainstream public attention, as the first of the Kennedy-Nixon televised debates was broadcast nationally on Monday, September 26, 1960. The debate was telecast from the studios of WBBM-TV in Chicago. The one-hour debate demonstrated the power of image over substance, as Kennedy came across cool and collected, while Nixon, due in part to poor makeup and a recent illness, appeared tense and ill at ease on camera. Although Kennedy was given the edge by many who watched the debate on TV, others who only listened on radio believed Nixon won. Additional TV debates between the two would follow – one on Friday, October 7th from Washington, D.C.; a third on Thursday, October 13th with the candidates appearing on a split-screen telecast, Kennedy in New York and Nixon in Los Angeles; and a fourth on October 21st from New York. Through October 1960, Frank Sinatra continued to help Kennedy and the Democrats where he could, serving, for example, as a host for the Democratic Governor's Ball in New Jersey in late October, and also appearing jointly with Eleanor Roosevelt in a radio appeal for Kennedy. Sinatra and his Rat Pack friends weren't the only Hollywood glitteratti helping Kennedy. Singer Harry Belafonte appeared in one campaign TV ad. with Kennedy aimed at African-American voters. In other radio and TV commercials, Lena Horne, Milton Berle, Gene Kelly, Ella Fitzgerald, Henry Fonda, and Myrna Loy also made pitches for Kennedy or performed on his behalf. The candidate, of course, was doing his share too, making appearances in major cities during the closing days of the campaign. In late October, there were campaign stops in Philadelphia and New York. On Friday November 4th,1960, Kennedy appeared at the Chicago Stadium for a big pre-election rally where more than 1.5 million people came out.
Richard Nixon and the Republicans, meanwhile, were pulling out all the stops as well. On Sunday, November 6th, Nixon ran 32-page advertising supplements in Sunday newspapers, and later that evening pre-empted the General Electric Theater on CBS-TV for a 30-minute appeal to voters. On the day before the election, Monday, November 7th, Nixon appeared on ABC-TV for four hours (2-6 pm) in the first telethon in presidential campaign history, assisted by Hollywood celebrities Ginger Rogers, Lloyd Nolan, and Robert Young. Kennedy appeared on ABC-TV that evening too, following Nixon, from 6:00-to-6:30 pm. As election day approached, some polls had Kennedy leading by a slight edge, others had Nixon in the lead. Most believed it was too close to call.
Election NightOn the day before the election, Jack Kennedy spoke at city hall in Providence, Rhode Island before thousands of supporters, returning to his home in Boston following the speech. On election day, November 8th, 1960, he and his then pregnant wife Jackie, voted at a branch library near their Boston home. From there they joined Kennedy family members, friends and a few campaign staff at the family compound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, where several Kennedy homes were used in monitoring the election returns.
Frank Sinatra, meanwhile, watched the voting on the West coast from the home of Tony Curtis and Janet Leigh, along with other Hollywood stars and movie people, including Bill Goetze, Billy Wilder, Milton Berle, Dick Shepherd and others. The Curtis-Leigh home that evening served as a "clearinghouse" for Hollywood Democrats all around the country who had worked for Kennedy. Calls that evening were coming in from Henry Fonda in New York, Sammy Cahn in Las Vegas, Peter Lawford in Hyannis Port with the Kennedy family, and also Sammy Davis, Jr., who was then performing at the Huntington Hartford Theater in Hollywood, but giving his audience updates on the election returns.In the voting that night, Illinois proved to be a crucial state, having 27 electoral votes. Nixon had taken most of the state's 103 counties, rural and suburban. But Kennedy would take Cook County by a slender margin, and Chicago, where reportedly, Sinatra and Joe Kennedy had prevailed upon Sam Giancana for assistance. Democratic Chicago Mayor Richard Daley was also believed to have been helpful on Kennedy's behalf in Illinois. Other states, including Texas, were also at issue with suspected election-night shenanigans on both sides. The Nixon camp too, in downstate Illinois and elsewhere, had its share of suspected vote manipulations.
On election night, as the early returns came in from large cities in East and Midwest – Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Detroit, and Chicago – Kennedy initially amassed a large lead in the popular and electoral vote. It appeared he had certain victory. However, after some early and premature TV declarations of Kennedy wins in selected states – and some retractions – an hours-long "too-close-to-call" contest set in, stretching late into the night. As later returns came in – especially from the rural and suburban Midwest, the western states, and Pacific Coast states, Nixon began to catch up. Some newspapers, including the New York Times, had even prepared "Kennedy elected" headline copy. But the election was still too close to call. Nixon made an appearance at about 3:00 a.m. that hinted toward concession, but he did not formally concede. It would not be until the afternoon of the following day, Wednesday, November 9th, that Nixon finally conceded and Kennedy claimed victory.Kennedy had defeated Nixon in one of the closest presidential elections of the twentieth century. In the national popular vote Kennedy led Nixon by just two-tenths of one percent (49.7% to 49.5%), while in the electoral vote Kennedy won 303 votes to Nixon's 219 (269 were needed to win).
Back on the west coast the next day, Frank Sinatra went to work at an MGM set in Hollywood where they were making the film, The Devil at 4 O'Clock with Spencer Tracy and others. The film's director was Mervyn LeRoy, a Republican, with whom Sinatra had made a friendly wager on the election outcome.
A photo reportedly exists of Sinatra riding atop a donkey with LeRoy leading them around the MGM lot, apparently a result of Sinatra winning the wager.
After the election, Rosalind Wyman, who served as the co-chair of the 1960 California Kennedy-Johnson campaign and Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles, singled out Sinatra for his campaign help, saying he went wherever he was needed. Sinatra, of course, was elated with JFK's victory, and looked forward to a continuing friendship with the president-elect in the years ahead.Part 2 of this story continues with Frank Sinatra and Peter Lawford playing a major role in the Kennedy inaugural festivities of January 1961. Part 2 also covers the changing relationship between Sinatra, JFK and the Kennedy family as the Kennedy Administration moved into governing the country. Sinatra's reaction to JFK's assassination is also covered there, as well as Sinatra's later turn toward the Republicans and what became of the Rat Pack members and a few of their friends beyond the 1960s.
See also at this website, for example: "1968 Presidential Race–Democrats" and "1968 Presidential Race – Republicans," both of which also focus on the Hollywood/politics mixture; "Barack & Bruce, 2008-2012," covering Bruce Springsteen and other celebrity supporters of Barack Obama's presidential bids; or visit the "Politics & Culture" category page for other choices. Additional Kennedy family stories can be found at: "Kennedy History: 1954-2013."
The 1960 campaign is also covered with town-by-town itinerary at, "JFK's 1960 Campaign." Stories with Frank Sinatra content include: "The Sinatra Riots, 1942-1944," "Ava Gardner, 1940s-1950s," and "Sinatra: Cycles, 1968," a Sinatra song profile.
Thanks for visiting — and if you like what you find here, please make a donation to help support the research and writing at this website. Thank you. —Jack Doyle
Please Support
Thank You
Date Posted: 21 August 2011
Last Update: 12 September 2017
Comments to: email@example.com
Article Citation:
Jack Doyle, "The Jack Pack, 1958-1960,"
PopHistoryDig.com, August 20, 2011.
Sources, Links & Additional Information
"Cinema: The Kid from Hoboken," Time (cover story), Monday, August 29, 1955.
"$15 Dinner to Climax Democrats' Busy Day; Candidates to Be Endorsed for Two Posts Before Kennedy Speaks at Fete," Los Angeles Times, February 28, 1958, p. C-10.
JFK Speech, Los Angeles, CA, November 1959, YouTube.com (w/introductory com-ments by Frank Sinatra).
Dorothy Kilgallen, "Sinatra Fails to Show for Kennedy," Washington Post/Times Herald, December 15, 1959, p. C-7.
"Kennedy Hits Johnson for Avoiding Primaries; Senator in New Mexico Bid for Support Raps Candidates Who Skip Popular Test," Los Angeles Times, February 8, 1960, p. 1.
John C. Bowes, "The Reign of King Frankie," Washington Post/Times Herald February 28, 1960, p. AW-8.
"Nixon, Kennedy Score Big Victories in N.H.," Los Angeles Times, March 9, 1960, p. 1.
"Strategic Warpath in Wisconsin; Kennedy Bandwagon, Challenged By Humphrey, Heads For First Big Test," Life, March 28, 1960, pp. 22-27.
Robert Ajemian, "Jack's Campaign Aids: Hard Working Family, Enthusiastic Catholics," Life, March 28, 1960, pp. 28-29.
Associated Press, "Controversial Writer Is Fired by Sinatra," Washington Post, Times Herald, April 9, 1960, p. A-3.
"Principals in Near Battle At Benefit Party," Los Angels Times, May 15, 1960.
"The West Virginia Primary," The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers, GWU.edu, 2006.
"Sammy Davis Jr. to Wed; Plans to Marry May Britt After Her Divorce in Fall," New York Times, June 7, 1960.
"Cheers and Boos Greet Kennedy at Rights Rally; Senator Calls for Action Against Racial Discrimination at White House Level," Los Angeles Times, July 11, 1960, p. 3.
"Delegates Boo Negro; But Sammy Davis Jr. Is Also Applauded at Convention," New York Times, July 12, 1960.
"Demos Decide Today; Kennedy Out in Front," Los Angeles Times, July 13, 1960, p. 1.
"Significant Planks in Party Platform," Los Angeles Times, July 13, 1960.
Kyle Palmer, "Liberals Nail Kennedy To Their Platform," Los Angles Times, July 13, 1960.
"Sen. Kennedy's Father Watches in Hideaway," Los Angeles Times, July 14, 1960, p. 2.
"1960 Democratic National Convention," Wikipedia.org.
"Kennedy Wants to Cast off Sinatra, London News Says," Los Angeles Times, July 21, 1960, p. 2.
"Giant Jazz Show to Boost Kennedy," Washington Post, Times Herald, July 25, 1960, p. 21.
Philip K Scheuer, "Sinatra Premieres 'Ocean's Eleven'; Las Vegas Hotels Host Stars; Film Enjoyable…," Los Angeles Times, August 5, 1960, p. A-7.
"Frankie's 'Clan' Sticking Together," Washington Post/Times Herald, August 6, 1960, p. D-10.
Bosley Crowther, "The Screen: 'Ocean's 11'; Sinatra Heads Flippant Team of Crime," New York Times, August 11, 1960, p. 19.
Richard Griffith, "'Ocean's 11' Fails to Awe N.Y. Critics," Los Angeles Times, August 30, 1960, p. A-9.
"Key Women for Kennedy to Be Feted," Los Angeles Times, September 6, 1960, A-4.
Murray Schumach, "Hollywood Wing in Kennedy Drive; Janet Leigh Opens Home to 2,000 Women as Group Kicks Off Its Campaign," New York Times, September 8, 1960, p. 40.
"2,000 Open Kennedy Fund Drive," Los Angeles Times, September 8, 1960, p. A-1.
"Kennedy Confers With Southland Democrats; Candidate Rests at Sister's Home After Breakfasting With Congress Candidates," Los Angeles Times, Sept. 11, 1960, p. 1.
"Nixon, Kennedy Meet Face to Face on TV," Los Angeles Times, September 27, 1960, p.1.
"Kennedy's Victory Won By Close Margin; He Promises Fight For World Freedom; Eisenhower Offers 'Orderly Transition'," New York Times, Nov. 10, 1960, p. 1.
Army Archerd, "1960: Sinatra on Politics" (From the Army Archerd Archive), Variety, November 10, 1960 (with 2008 update).
Gladwin Hill, "Election Pleases the Movie World; Even Hollywood Republicans Are Gratified by Role of TV and Films in Victory," New York Times, November 11, 1960.
"Sammy Davis Jr. Weds; He and May Britt Married in His Hollywood Home," New York Times, November 14, 1960.
Paul Schutzer, "Election Night Tension Inside Kennedy House," Life, November 21, 1960, pp. 36-37.
"Hollywood: Happy as a Clan," Time, Monday, December 5, 1960.
"Democrats: The Most," Time, Monday, December 19, 1960.
"Electors Certify Kennedy Victory," New York Times, December 20, 1960, p.1.
"Campaign of 1960," John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
1960 Election Year Chronology, DavidPietrusza.com.
Theodore White, The Making of the President 1960, New York: Atheneum Publishers, 1961.
Richard Gehman. Sinatra And His Rat Pack: The Irreverent, Unbiased, Uninhibited Book About Frank and "The Clan", New York: Belmont Books, 1961, 220pp.
Steve Pond, "Frank Sinatra and Politics: His Impact on the Presidency, Then and Now," Sinatra.com.
Bill Zehme, Mecca With A Dress Code, "The Birth of the Rat Pack," Sinatra .com.
Earl Wilson. Sinatra: An Unauthorized Biography, New York: MacMillan Co., 1976.
Judith Exner, My Story, New York: Grove Press, 1977.
John Rockwell, Sinatra: An American Classic, New York: Random House, 1984.
Anthony Summers, "JFK, RFK, And Marilyn Monroe: Power, Politics And Paramours?," The Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, Florida), October 27, 1985.
Kitty Kelley, His Way: The Unauthorized Biography of Frank Sinatra, New York: Bantam, 1986.
Patricia Seaton Lawford with Ted Schwarz, The Peter Lawford Story, New York: Carol & Graf, 1988.
Ronald Brownstein, The Power and the Glitter: The Hollywood-Washington Connection., New York: Pantheon, 1990, 437pp.
James Spada, Peter Lawford: The Man Who Kept The Secrets, New York: Bantam, 1991.
Stephen Holden, "Dean Martin, Pop Crooner And Comic Actor, Dies at 78," New York Times, December 26, 1995.
Nancy Sinatra, Frank Sinatra: An American Legend, Santa Monica: General Publishing Group, and London: Virgin, 1995.
Richard Lacayo, Adam Cohen, Ratu Kamlani, Elizabeth Rudulph, Michael Duffy and Mark Thompson, "Smashing Camelot," Time, Monday, November 17, 1997.
Pete Hamill, Why Sinatra Matters, Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1998, 185pp.
Stephen Holden, "Frank Sinatra Dies at 82; Matchless Stylist of Pop," New York Times, May 16, 1998.
Bernard Weinraub, "Requiem for Rats: Ring-a-Ding-Ding, Baby," New York Times, April 13, 1998.
Shawn Levy, Rat Pack Confidential: Frank, Dean, Sammy, Peter, Joey, and the Last Great Showbiz Party, New York: Broadway Books/Random House, 1998.
Karlyn Barker, "Masterful Singer, Chorus of Praise," Washington Post, Saturday May 16, 1998, p. A-1.
Max Rudin, "Fly Me to the Moon: Reflections on The Rat Pack," American Heritage, December 1998.
The Rat Pack, HBO film,1998.
Jeff Leen, "A. K. A. Frank Sinatra," Washington Post Magazine, Sunday, March 7, 1999, p. M-6.
Lawrence J. Quirk, William Schoell, The Rat Pack: Neon Nights with the Kings of Cool, Harper-Collins, 1999, 368pp.
A&E Documentary Film Series, Vol. 4, "Camelot and Beyond," The Rat Pack: True Stories of the Original Kings of Cool, 1999.
Alan Schroeder (Northeastern Univ., School of Journalism), Presidential Debates: Forty Years of High-Risk TV, Columbia University Press, 2000.
Peter Carlson, "Another Race To the Finish; 1960's Election Was Close But Nixon Didn't Haggle," Washington Post, Friday, November 17, 2000, p. A-1.
Geoffrey Perrett, Jack: A Life Like No Other, New York: Random House, 2002.
George Jacobs & Willian Stadiem, "Sinatra and The Dark Side of Camelot," Playboy, June 2003.
J. Hoberman, Film; "A Co-Production Of Sinatra and J.F.K.," New York Times, September 14, 2003.
Gus Russo, The Outfit: The Role of Chicago's Underworld in the Shaping of Modern America, New York: Blooms- bury, 2003, 496pp.
Alan Schroeder, "Shall We Dance," (Northeastern Univ., School of Journalism), Northeastern Univ. Alumni Magazine, September 2004.
Alan Schroeder, Celebrity-in-Chief: How Show Business Took Over the White House, Cambridge, MA: Westview Press, 2004.
Charles Pignone, The Sinatra Treasures: Intimate Photos, Mementos, and Music from the Sinatra Family Collection, Bulfinch, 2004, 192pp.
Max Rudin,"The Rat Pack," Las Vegas: An Unconventional History, PBS companion book, 2005.
Anthony Summers and Robbyn Swan, Sinatra: The Life, Alfred Knopf: New York, 2005.
Brian Dakss, "Sinatra: The Mob, JFK, Women – Authors Chronicle Roles They Say Each Played In His Life," The Early Show: CBS News, NewYork, May 17, 2005.
Gary Donaldson, The First Modern Campaign: Kennedy, Nixon, and the Election of 1960, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007, pp. 79–80.
Mary Manning, "Rat Pack Reveled in Vegas; Revered by the World," LasVegasSun.com, Thursday, May 15, 2008.
Mike Weatherford, "Frank Sinatra: The Swinger and the Strip," Las Vegas Review-Journal, From Series, "The First 100 Persons Who Shaped Southern Nevada."
Jon Wiener, "Frank Sinatra: His Way," The Nation, June 15, 2009.
"The Rat Pack," Department of Special Collections, University Libraries, Univ. of Nevada at Las Vegas, 2009.
David Robb, "50 Years Ago, Sammy Davis Jr. at Center of Racial Divide," Reuters .com, Monday, June 28, 2010.
David Ng, "A Photographic History of Frank Sinatra and the Rat Pack," LATimes.com, October 25, 2010.
Sam Irvin, Kay Thompson: From Funny Face to Eloise, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010, 416pp.
Tony Nourmand, Shawn Levy, and Graham Marsh, The Rat Pack, Limited Edition, Book of Rat Pack Photos by Sid Avery, Bob Willoughby & others, London: Reel Art Press, 2010, 448 pp.
"Caught on Camera: The Intimate Photos That Show the Rat Pack in Full Swing," Daily Mail Reporter (U.K,), January 21, 2011.
Benjamin Wideman, "Kennedy's 1960 Visit 'Not Something You Ever Forget'," HTRNews.com, January 25, 2011.
Dean Shalhoup, "High School Kids Benefit from Living History Lesson about JFK," NashuaTelegraph.com, Saturday, Feb. 26, 2011.
"United States Presidential Election, 1960," Wikipedia.org.
"JFK: Life Before Camelot," Photo Gallery, Life.com.
Jack Doyle, "JFK's Profiles in Courage, 1954-2008," PopHistoryDig.com, Feb. 11, 2008.
Jack Doyle, "JFK, Pitchman?, 2009," PopHistoryDig.com, August 29, 2009.
WGBH, Boston, "The Kennedys: John F. Kennedy, 35th President," PBS.org, 1992/1998.
"JFK: The Run for the White House," Photo Gallery, Life.com.
"JFK: Unpublished, Never-Seen Photos," Photo Gallery, Life.com.
"The Kennedy Brothers," Photo Gallery, Life.com.
Interestingly, however, on July 10, 1960 — the day before Davis was booed — JFK appeared at a rally of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) that was held at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. Kennedy was cooly received there, but won the crowd over when later in his remarks he vowed to end segregation.


text:
Our custom Birthday Party favor tins are the perfect container to put some sweet treats in such as candy. The tins are made of quality aluminum and feature a removable lid that is easy to open.
Customizing your Ballet Dancer favor tins is fast and simple with our web based ordering system, just type your text in, choose your font and text color from our large selection and you will see your custom favor tins right on your computer screen.
We offer three (3) size tins (large, medium & small) so you are sure to find the size that is right for you needs!
Favor tins ship with your custom labels in the box so all you will need to do is stick the stickers on each tin and fill them with your choice of candy.
Note: Candy is NOT Included So That You Can Choose Your Favorite!
Important things to know about our Birthday Party Ballet Dancer favor tins:
Except during severe weather conditions or other natural disasters, guaranteed delivery means if we miss our delivery date we will refund the shipping cost.
Guaranteed delivery dates only apply to orders shipping within the 48 contiguous United States. Orders shipping to Alaska, U.S. territories, or international destinations may take up to an additional 5 business days.
Flat rate shipping charges are calculated based on pre-tax and pre-discount merchandise totals.
Flat rate shipping charges only apply to orders shipping within the 48 contiguous United States.
For orders shipping to Alaska, Hawaii, U.S. territories or international destinations, shipping rates can be calculated during checkout.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
XXX video
Porno video
Seks video
Porno film
Download porno
Porn videos
Vidéos porno
Video porno
Videos porno
Vídeos pornô
Filmy porno
Porno videolar
Porno videos
Video seks
Порно видео
Порно відео
Seks video
Порна відэа
أشرطة الفيديو الإباحية
포르노 비디오 한국어
पॉर्न वीडियो हिंदी में
পর্ণ ভিডিও বাংলা
പോൺ വീഡിയോകൾ
Nurse Kit At Your Service
Sexy dancing with my friend
Playing Poolside
Nerdy cuckold watches girlfriend fucked by muscular stranger
YOUNG BUSTY - Busty young Andie take cock
Tit play
Cum On My Tits
German swingers fest
Jenna J Ross
Daisy summers
Isabella Nice
Pool Parties Are very Fun
Arousing touches
Julie Kay - Bedtime Stories
Teen Cami Smalls Gets A Ride On A Huge Cock
MOFOS - Real partying loving teens buff knob - video 1
Suck Off Our Troops
BURNING ANGEL - Tattooed whores threeway
Amazing Hot TBabe Alessia Iris97 on Webcam
Sucking Dick Through Walls
Moxxe Maddron
Soaked Trio Alison Hailee and Devin from Sapphic Erotica sexy threesome outdoors action
Girls Addictive School Bus SEX Students
BellaBrookz EPIC BIG BOOTY Part #4
Colleague Goes Extreme
Kristen enjoying every intimate moment with stepmom Olivia
Public sex
Ashdon James
Pussy Massage with Emili
Givemepink Shy redhead teases with her nice boobs before inserting toys in both of her holes
Teen embarrassed
Shy BBW Lets Loose For Sex
The Strap On From Siberia
Big ass tease
Tera Joy
Jean Gilliam
Never too hot to fuck2
Busty Teen fingering herself with Lush Vibrator
BURNING ANGEL - Inked up busty goth gets ass banged
BellaBrookz- 5 Rules
Teen couple private sex video
Cheating wife loves it deep in her ass
Slender ebony teenager
Blonde and brunette lesbian fun
Huge fake boobs shemale Natalie Cortez fucked in ass by a perverted client
Stepson gets to fuck his hot stepmom Havana Blues Latina pussy
Horny girl in braces wraps her Asian cunt around a thick white dick
Getting Fucking Filthy
Cheating Redhead Wife
A Dicksuckers Conundrum
Such A Tease
Secret cam friends
Uncensored Japanese amateur sex: Fugazi amazing girl in glasses
College cutie gets nailed
Blonde Craving BBC Gets Interracial Creampie during Fuck with Black Guy
Mofos - Adriana Lynn loves big boats and big dicks 2
Solo old man
Hot Latina Tgirl Strocking her big shaft on webcam
Raven haired lesbian anal fucked
Alexa Cruz takes a white cock in her ass
Firs time massage
Naughty America Jill Kassidy fucks her best friends brother 4K
Marie gets to taste Jane s pussy, relishing making Jane squirm
Carolina7 webcam show
Warmed up fir her first anal
Riding phat ass Chanell Heart POV style
Blonde skanks share cock in threesome
1on 1
Lacy Holiday Fucked Inside a Jail Cell
Stacie Starr and JC Simpson Mother Daughter Sucking
Jamie Jackson
milf ass rough destroyed by big dick
Fedorkino Gore Super Hot Virgin Babe Massaged
Hailey is a big cock addict who gets the cum
Perfect MILF white ass
Gizelle made a special sexy video for Donnie
Fucking for a Promotion
Crazy vintage xxx star in classic sex movie
Cute amateur Thai teen after hours short time blowjob and fuck
Chocolate Fetish Doll Sexy MILF Play with that Pussy
Unexpected Sleepover Fun part 2
The Black Widow
Blonde Babe Gives a Handjob in the Kitchen
Milf Amateur Facial
DRUNKSEXORGY - Bi babes lick twats and fuck big cocks
Newcomer Gets Broken In
Busty tattooed shemale Lena Moon gangbanged and barebacked
Rimming pleasure with hot teen brunette Darcia Lee
Double Trouble With Evelyn And Arietta
PERVCITY - Asa Akira Banging Japanese Part 2
Sheena Ryder - Keep Dreamin
Tight German sluts passed around
Tiny Babe Lola Fae Fucked Outdoor by Huge Guy
GIRLSRIMMING - Hot babe Alyssa Bounty has quick rimjob with repairman
Samantha s hard blowjob Leads To A Creampie
Lucie Mae
A sex casting to find out if Valentina Rossi has got what it takes
Secretary Caught Coworker Sucking the old Boss under his Desk and Joins in
Catalina Cruz studys hard for college finals girlfriends
Zoey Portland
Stepmom just cant get enough of that youg dick of her stepson
Rachel Rayye Bounces That Ass On A Big Dick
Fat Ass White Girl Playing Double and Being Friendly
Big Tit Cassidy Banks Taking On a Big Cock Again
Liza Kolt deep anal sex with gape by Ass Traffic
Ace In The Hole
Fucking in Guy Fox mask
Trinity James
Spring Break Catalina Cruz husband cheats with Brandy Aniston then 3way
Beauties Blanche Bradburry and Carla Cruz lesbian sex by Sapphic Erotica
Babe in fishnets spermed
Swimming pool gay
Shrima malati
Two for the schoolgirl
Big cock shemale fucks a dirty small guy after he swallowed her big dick
Kanako Kirimoto
Yin and Yang of pleasure
Young blonde slut wants her man s cock in all her holes
Busty latina shemale Kyky masturbates off her big boner and cums
Ebony babe licks then facesits brunette new sorority recruit
Busty brunette licked and is facesitted by new girl in town
4 Girls part 3
There is nothing hotter than my GF
She Sloppy Blowjob Deepthroats my Black Cock and I Cum in her Ass
Ma femme
Kylie Quinn - Sex With My Younger Sister
Lesbos Grinding Twats Together For Orgasm part 1
Cock craving Lexi Lore meets her stepbrothers dares by letting him finger her and sucking his dick before they fuck
Granny in Stockings Fucks the Repairman
Lauren Phillips: Jizzed Redhead
Hot Teen having fun masturbating and fingering herself
Pornstars and Live Sex Cam Girls, Page 60
Violet Starr - Jokerx
Carol Miller
Jenny - TK
Two hot pornstar kiss and lick each other to an orgasm
Easter bunnies
Hot stepsis in hot uniform Kyler Quinn sucking naive stepbrothers big dick
Dick Sucking Cassey Lyn Fucked
Sofia Maya
Blonde Slut Gets Pussy Pounded By Big Dildo
This mama loves her toy boy
Hot blonde milf
Dana Lynn, Barbie Doll, Laurel Canyon in vintage porn video
Special Agent Milf Housewife blacked
Lesbian girlfriends oral in bathroom
Slutty ass
Clothes on
Kyler Quinn shows all the ways she likes getting her bald pussy off from a variety of toys to her boyfriends hard dick
Slutty Rui Natsukawa in a group sex session
Rose Rhapsody
Tight little vest top, all ready for bed perhaps? Bring on the horny thieves to spoil the evening
Jaclyn Taylor
Fucked by her boyfriend s buddy
Shemale foursome
Mariah Banks
Nose clamped
Selena Love
Big boobs Kyra & Roxy gets her tits fucked gonzo style on Prime Cups
Lesbian gilf fingered and pussylicked by kinky girlfriend
Japanese cutie sucks and fucks on three guys
Austin Train Her Friend
Scarlett Bloom
Self shot solo session with Japanese starlet Marica Hase
New bbw
Bree Mitchells takes on shy stepbro and fucks him good
Cum inside
Stepsister Perv Patrol
Busty shemale Casey Kisses barebacks landlord and is rimmed
Hard painful Anal with Little Russian Grace
Getting fucked and sucking nuts
Olivia Kassady Destroyed By Dick
Kiki Daire spends the day hiking and cling the dick
Hot newcomer Nelly Kent decks herself out in lingerie then seduces her boyfriend for a stiffie ride in her bare pussy
Mistress Hides in the Closet then Joins in for Hardcore Threesome Fuck
BURNING ANGEL - Emo whore gets facial
Micah Moore
Mature slut gives a thumbs up to his fucking skills
Niyalal Brown
JOI from stepmom with assplay
Opposites Attract
Carre in his anaconda don t want none less you got buns hun
Stellar MILFs are sexy moms who knows how to give and take it the best way
Kiere - Mina
Icy Cool Sex
Naughty schoolgirl plays with her teacher
Sara Seori
Anna & Janette s First Anal part 6
A fucked up present
Quickie while your Father s in the Shower
Sexy Capri loves to play with herself
Blonde Babe Riding a BBC
Natana Brooke is a raven haired babe with curves in all the right places, and she can t wait to let you see every one of them
Interracial cuckold revenge fuck2
Tarra and Laura Lesbian part 6
Relax so he can fuck you
Carwash and hot sex party? Why the hell not
Chad got Sucked off By MILF Gabby
Blonde latina
Most Popular, Page 4
Call Me
Hot Latina pornstar jerks off a dick
Lil Leah
Campus Creeper
Lovely Teen having fun with lovense lush
Sarai Minx
Super hot Aleksandra fucks her man on the bed
Amirah and Arwen Gold go down on each other hard on Sapphic Erotica
Kinky Big Fat Cock TGirl on Webcam, Part 4
Seductive girl in reality sex clip
Amazing blonde chick loves to masturbate passionately
Lesbian college teens Jazmin and Lily enjoys massage and lesbo sex
Sucking is a Habit
BURNING ANGEL - Inked Goths in Threesome Eat Out and Fuck
Candlelit Massage
Cara Stone - I Want My Sister #2
Krissy Lynn and her stepdaughter Savannah Sixx finish off their workout with a hardcore three way with Savannahs BF
Milf with desire
Servicing The Handyman
Sweet Blonde XXX
Busty BBW Girl Unleashes Her Rac
Alex Coal bending over taking that big black cock from behind
BLACK AMBUSH - Young babe Petra eats cum after 1st BBC pounding surprise
CLASS-3SOME - Wild pile driver drill and gushing facial for two blonde sluts
The Spontaneous Swap Pt 2
XXX SINFUL - Buff hunk fucks his blonde girlfriend on the couch real hard
My girlfriend amateur in red lingerie scene 2
She doesn t miss a drop in her mouth
First time in her chocolate hole 2
Small tits massage
Lucky Guy Tit Fucks Bridget B s Huge Boobs
Holly Taylor s FIRST Cream Pie
Breath Of Fresh Air
Curly girl is fucked by two dicks
Erika Bellucci
Bobbi Brixton
Shiny latex babe Naomis black latex-pants and high heels glamour posed
Lina Mercury and Liv Revamped gets to eatout creampie by All internal threesome
No Rush To Cum
Real live sex video with cute manager
Monika May
More Than Friends
Young busty Silvie 69ing with a lesbian
Vixens Brooklyn and Ariana take turns sucking Johnny s prick
Small Viva
Old bag
Starla Fox
Twistys - Hot sex with brunette Holly Michaels
Riley Reyes fucks her real life boyfriend in this BANG exclusive
Teen fuck in club
Cindy Bubble
Iris Rose: Cock Head Rubbing
Fucking my shy gf in her parents home
Alyssa Branch in the garden
Glory Hole - Amara Romani
Can I Play With You, Babe?
Julz Gotti
Sex purty
Wild swingers get naked then fuck and suck
Skinny Maddison Rose get rammed hard
Double anal
Busty stepsis blowjobs then gets fucked hard by her stepbro
Bianca Ferrero
Amazing fuck at fake audition
Wild lesbian orgy in nightclub
Shelby claims that she loves black cock way more than white cock just because the black men have huger dicks
Sexy BBW Ann Gives Sucking Off a Cock
Messy creampie scene with Kristy Black by All Internal
Mia nude on the road
Isabella Pacino loves her big dildo
Brooke will have to suck and fuck officer Robby to avoid cops
BURNING ANGEL - Gothic sluts face jizzed
GF Has A FAT ass
Alex Mae in Sunday Fun Day
Sara Pool BJ Fun
Submissive wax slut clamped and toyed in BDSM session
Sex instead of audition
She let him ram her ass to save her job
Cunni makes a teeny wanna fuck
Bigtits shares bisexual cock in interracial threeway
Long hard nipples
Seven Months
Rei Miyakawa
Dominant bitch wants her pussy and ass licked
Anal on top by spicy Latina Julia de Lucia
Jap Cutie Shizuka Doggy-Fucked
Tingled Twats by Sapphic Erotica lesbian love porn with Iris Suzie
Asa Akira
Brandi Jaimes
Stunning Teen Squirter
Ass insertion
Fetish femdom brit nurses suck Fetish femdom uniformed brit nurses suck naked victims cock
Kay Parker, Abigail Clayton, Paul Thomas in classic porn clip
Hairy lesbian gets her pussy and ass toyed in wild threesome
Monster Donkey Sized Black Cock HeSHe on Webcam 3
The Spinner
Michiru Sakurai gets a really nice creampie
Sapphix presents Dasy in a solo masturbation scene
Beautiful girl porn clip with hot masturbating
Macey Jade
Wet And Creamy
Brunette stepsisters share stepbrothers cock in a threesome
Watch some hot BBW MILFS
Busted and revenged upon
Stepson fucks his busty stepmom as his gf is on the same bed
Four lesbians have a wild orgy
Beverly Hills
Lolly Ink gets a good fuck and a load on her giant tits
Two cute teen girls share a big cock
Miranda Miller 3
Girlfriend Fucks The Biggest BBC in the WORLD
Charlotte Stokely
Lovely Stepsister Teen gets wet in the kitchen
Crazy Creampie
Glory Hole - Alexis Fawx & Gina Valentina
XXXL black tits and ass fucked
Sexy Vanessa Licks Wolf Hudsons Ass
She may be new, but Ophelia Rosenburg is stealing the show with her perfect handful titties and her sexy figure
Kelly Brooks is playing with her pink clam
Misty Mild gets fucked on the couch
Sexy Plumper Doggy-Style Fucking
Heathenous Family Holiday Card
Most Popular, Page 125
Tonguing Temptations by Sapphic Erotica lesbian love porn with Dara Anetta
legend Nina Hartley gets interracial in her sexy lingerie
Lovely Lilith
A good suck and fuck changes her man s mood
Double fisting
Ballbusting Wrestling Match
Hentai gay fucking
FANTASY MASSAGE - Hairy Asian masseuse strokes hard cock
Sexy pickup girl Leila plays hot games scene 2
Yayoi Yanagida
Nelya gets her breasts licked and sucked by her older man and enjoys his touch
Sasha Knox has all of her holes pounded
Christie Stevens 69 s with Alex Legend
Pussy lickcing
Nyxon in the Kitchen
More space for a fuck
Damn Hot Latina T-Babe Stroking Her Cock On Webcam
Busty blonde gets fucked in both holes
Jayden is bound and fucked by Samamtha Rone and her strap-on
Deborah Diamond
Freaky Threesome
Angel Couture
Chubby BBW amateur Thai hooker sex on camera and she loved it moaning loud
Deep penetration of teen girl
Big Pussy Gobbles Up Vibrator
Violet And Giselle Unleashed
Monster Black Shaft Shemale on Webcam Part 1
Sexy Indian MILF Priya Rai pleases her sexual urges
Trans uncut
Busty mature cougar fingers and facesits a hot brunette babe
Short russian amateur teen stars in this teen porn video
Colorfully Kinky
Pornstar pounding big black cock
OLDJE - Perfect Natural Teen Fucked by Grandpa Outside Swallows
Momoko Mitchell
This mature lesbian sure loves pussy
Sperm Swap Blonde and brunette have fun with two guys
Face spermed
Tattooed Blonde Rides Cock
Blonde nurse sucks cock
Beautiful porn video clips
Hot Nana Sakura is screwed by her brother
Lina Arian in creampie scene with dripping hot jizz by All Internal
Marley Brinx - Schoolgirl Bound
Joy Luxx
Brazzers - Angela White - Big Tits at Work
Girl on girtl
Big hard
Horny japanese slut wears mesh
Give Me Pink Peaches has a pretty camel toe and shows us he
Tight pussy fuck for a horny 18 year old girl in HD video
Amateur teen facialized after her striptease
2 Girls Fuck 2 old Men and Swallow their Cum on Chirstmas Day
Choky Ice
Stacie So Horny
Homemade sex with horny big boobs Thai amateur girlfriend
Jaye Austin
Most Popular, Page 171
Sexy red hair masturbates on webcam for her viewers to jerk off
Two shemales Victoria Neves and Lauany Ribeiro fuck their asses
Two shemales fucks dirty white client while third ladyboy recorded action
Horny MILF Invites a Guy Into Her Hotel Room
Horny hot babe gets it on with a mature lezzie
hot 19yo teen shows her big titties
British MILFs toying each other with dildos
No Gag reflex - Mylked Lenna Lux Scene 1
All Internal Insane anal and milk squirting dominate this scene
Jealous Mistress Charlotte Sins giving a sloppy rimjob her boyfriend
Lewd doll licks guy s asshole
Interracial Blowbang - Katie Kox
Deflowered By Stepbrother
Big dck
Kendra helps Penny find a loose sponge inside her pussy
Anal Sex For Petite Brunette
Gaping Ass Play
Rachele Richey
Riley Shy part 4
Friends fuck hard in all holes his teen girlfriend
Severe Punishment
Big Boobed Ebony BBW Doggy Fucked
Best Japanese girl Nozomi Hazuki in Crazy JAV uncensored Dildos Toys video
milf tag team
Sleeping Beauty Elena Sin Gets Woken Up With Her Man s Cock In Her Mouth
Dionne Darling
Pretty young amateur Asian shemale Paula anal fucked after a blowjob
Blonde lesbian climaxes
Here is a sexy ass solo of the sexy Asa Akira
SubSlut MILF Amy gets ready for a night of swinging
Tasting My Stepfather
Eve gets herself off by masturbating with fingers and dildo at Give Me Pink
Teen cutie jerking off a lucky gramps
Two Asian shemales Benzey shared clients big dick before hot masturbation
Monster Melons Maid Service Room
Breanna and Mom
Inked blonde shemale goddess fingering her big booty and masturbating
Babysitter Christie Lee part 2
Brittney White & Bryan Gozzling in Dirty White Boy Tops Busty Black Girl
Alexis is Riding a Big Dong
Awesome Anal Stretching
Chunky Beauty Spread Legged For a Cock
Horny bully wants to fuck this MILFs ass
Black wife
XXX SINFUL - Sensual fuck in pitch darkness with very sinful blonde babe
Cute and playful redhead girl gets a hard fuck treatment
Brazilian Buttsex With Gina
Pornstars and Live Sex Cam Girls, Page 121
LOSTBETSGAMES - Target practice has never been so fun
After a training session Lana Bunny grabs her trainers hard cock and sucks it off before riding it in her bare twat
Lubricious Huge Pecker TBabe Itelia Teasing on Webcam
Cute brunette babes love having their pussies played with
Face Fuck Sloppy Blowjob with Cum Draining from the Mouth
Watch Sonia Red spread her pussy lips
Roommates Forever Part4
Big titted mature slut gets it hard and long
Candid Upskirt: Episode - 1
Christy Canyon in vintage sex scene
Big tits brunette posing for the cam in sexy lingerie
Blonde teen Ani Blackfox wakes him up for sex
Hot Sara James Blue Balls
Daddy makes Hot StepDaughter Fuck him
Busty Daria gets her hairy pussy fucked and jizzed on
Stephanie Sierra
Farrah Dahl: When Hubby s Away
Big naturals sex
Eva, Tonya
Natalia Forrest Teases Us With Her Fuck Ready Body
Leigh Rose
BURNING ANGEL - Busty emo lesbian licks
Milf secretary
Brunette housewife Brandi Minx is in her blue bikini and swallowing a stiff cock
Portuguese chick does the handyman
Fruit Salad lesbians
TEAM SKEET - Banging Russian redhead girlfriend Janette
Busty Mom having fun on webcam stripping and masturbating
Today s Anal with Tanner Mayes
Jennifer Bliss - Daddy Issues
Sexy lesbian sluts are playing in the bathroom together
Erotic Asian sex ends in a facial
Spectacular erotic debut
Big boobed Olivia teases and masturbates with a vibrator
Brunette teen Roxy Dee is given an anal creampie
Curvy women
Alice Ricci
Exquisite teen hottie exploring pleasures of anal sex
FANTASY MASSAGE - Busty masseuse grinds on lucky customer
My first ever Strip and Video
Emery Loves Cookies part 1
Sensual lesbian scene by Sapphix with Lindsey Olsen and Kendra Star - Natural Love
Busty brunettes in 4some
Handyman J-Mac Stretches Piper Perri s Tight Teen Pussy
Big boobed british beauty Ann Denise presenting a sensual striptease
Masseur gives hot smoking client a deep cunnilingus
Take a tour of the red light disctrict in Amsterdam with Playboy
Horny Girls Beg For Intense Fucking
Ballerina Ruri Kinoshita gets fucked hard
Fantastic and steamy orgy sex porn
Casual lesson of lovemaking2
Grace Glam
Horny babe s spread shot on cam
BRASIL DonasCasa
Busty tattooed trans Nicolly Pantoja barebacks and rims guy
Teasing and Suffering
Sasha Foxx POV: Slow and Sensual
Horny milf giving her stepson one final snap seduction
Super Thick PAWG Smashed
Pornstar blonde mounts cock
Watching My Mom Go Black - Alena Croft
Sperm Swap Alyssona and Dara have rough DP and ass fuck
They sextoys in her pussy til she squirts and cum on her face
Old fuck
LOSTBETSGAMES - Strip Rock-Paper-Scissors vs Kala & Elizabeth
Yellow bedroom sex with Chad White
Vintage fantasy Italian threesome hardcore action
Lusty Seraphina is back for a hardcore spectacular as the milf in red leads her one night stand to the bedroom
Lesbian milf licking and fucking housekeeper with a strap on
Naked In City Park And Masturbate
In-family fucking with stepsis
Cuckold Sessions - Assh Lee
Kinky FTV Girl
Sassy coed Bambi Black cant go out on a date so she seduces her pervy stepbro to fuck her pussy hoping they get caught
Cumshots compilation pornstars v2
Black GF - Sexy ebony teen sucks cock
Hiromo Gets Her Wet Hairy Pussy Fingered
Sergio Real
Horny mature Carmen loves to play with her toys
Mofos - Perv watched couple fucking
Wealthy babe got banged during a massage
Staying home for her first paid fuck
Watching his gf get creampied
EROTICAX - Eaten out petite Latina teenager gets banged
Blonde with huge tits Alanah Rae get down with BBC
Cute college girls act like dirty sluts at party
Hayley rides Anthony s face for a pussy lick
Mindi Mink and Annabelle Lesbians on Purple Bed
Two xmas amateurs enjoy sharing a cock
Smoking hot asian teen gets two dicks and a gooey creampie
BANG Gonzo: Bang starlet Calli Carter gets all her holes filled in Gonzo series
Hot Stud Pops Filipina Teen Cherry
Photographer Unpacks Boner
Japanese porn
This scene features the beautiful Avi Love and I having sex for the first time
max and Amber
LOSTBETSGAMES - 3 Women Test out Who Has the Best Memory Recall Loser Faces the Paddle
Rimjob, titty fuck and anal play with spicy Latina
Flirty stepmom Sheena enjoyed stepson Ricky s prick in her ass
Incredible homemade shemale clip with Fucks Girl, Blonde scenes,
Petra now knows she likes to get spermed all over her face after her spoiled virgin pussy got stuffed
Old granny pussy
Extreme throat fuck
College babe licking and facesitting busty lesbian sugarmom
Alex Gonz
Teen joins busty stepmom and her teacher in a threesome
Sheena Chase
Brett rossi
Bubbly Butt
Real life nudists sunbathe at the nude beaches
Amateur gets butt rammed
Tellula Rose
Jayden Jaymes Shows Her Amazing Curves
Cameron Cruise
Girlfriend gets fucked by her boyfriend at bed
A day with Kaisa Nord & Friends
Wanda Enjoys Anal Sex With a Porn Director and his Camera man
Nikki is a hot mom whose sexual prowess is second to none
Cameron Minx
She learns that fucking for money is even more fun
{} {} {} {
Show more HD porn videos
Download sex video HD
❤ Recommended HD sex porn videos
mature fuck
big tits girl
на русском языке


text:
Product Description
O-rings are one of the simplest, yet most engineered, precise, and useful seal designs ever developed. They are available in various metric and inch standard sizes. Sizes are specified by the inside diameter and the cross section diameter (thickness).The Danco O-Rings will repair your leaky faucet. Faucets usually have one or more o-rings to prevent water from leaking out around the spout. Replacing worn-out o-rings is an inexpensive alternative to replacing the entire faucet fixture.
- Tough, flexible rubber construction
- Designed for use on Gerber, Indiana, Kohler, Sayco, Speakman, Union Brass, and Youngstown faucets
- #14 O-Ring
- 15/16 in. OD x 3/4 in. ID x 3/32 in. wall thickness
- Designed to withstand harsh chemicals
- High abrasive resistance and temperature resistance
- Helps to eliminate leaks in many applications, such as faucet drips at the spout
- Self lubricating o-rings provide years of worry free use
- Will withstand heat between a temperature range of 86°F to 248°F (-30°C to 120°C)
- Helps save water and energy
- Intended for faucet repair
- Includes 10 O-Rings


text:
Our Factory Trained Teams
We hire the best to get the best results.
We want you to feel confident about who works on your Subaru whenever you bring it in for service. The technicians on our Factory Trained Teams have earned certification through specific training programs developed by Subaru of America, Inc. to properly diagnose and service the various components and technology that are unique to Subaru vehicles. This ultimately helps ensure the safety and performance of your vehicle when it leaves our doors. So, whether you visit us for regular scheduled maintenance or an extensive repair – your Subaru will be in the hands of those who know it best.
What is Factory Training?
- Technicians learn from highly advanced Subaru technical instructors and receive hands-on diagnostic, maintenance and repair experience
- Taught to understand specific Subaru components and on-board systems, like:
- SUBARU BOXER® engine
- Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive System
- SUBARU EyeSight® Driver Assist Technology
- Training is updated annually
Meet Our Factory Trained Teams!Learn more about the ones who care for your Subaru.
Dealership Info
- Main:478-254-2842
- Sales:478-250-8313
- Service:478-254-2842
- Parts:478-254-2842
- ThanksgivingClosed
- Mon - Fri9:00 AM - 7:00 PM
- Sat9:00 AM - 6:00 PM
- SunClosed
- ThanksgivingClosed
- Mon - Fri7:30 AM - 5:30 PM
- Sat8:00 AM - 12:00 PM
- SunClosed
- Mon - Fri8:00 AM - 5:30 PM
- Sat - SunClosed
Subaru Master Technicians: The highest level of service care.
Subaru Senior Master Technicians have advanced their skills through training and job experience by:
- Completing the entire Subaru Technical Curriculum
- Completing and passing all instructor-led courses
- Completing and passing all web-based and self-study courses
- Completing and passing all Subaru New Technology Training
- Serving at least 5 years as a Subaru Technician
- Obtaining and maintaining 8 Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) certifications (A1-A8)
- Passing and retaining all Subaru Specific Certification Tests in the following areas:
- Engine
- Transmission
- Brakes
- Chassis and suspension
- Electrical
- Emissions
Interested in a career as a Subaru Technician?
Subaru-U is a partnership program dedicated to working with select National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation (NATEF) and Automotive Youth Educational Systems (AYES) secondary and post-secondary schools, along with Subaru retailers to develop future Subaru technician employees. Students can take basic training, or advance their previous training through web-based and instructor-led courses to gain the required knowledge to properly service Subaru vehicles.
Learn more at: subaru-u.com
Want to join our team?
Have a passion for the Subaru brand and looking to pursue a career in automotive repair? Click the link below to view our open positions!
Service Amenities
Not only do we provide expert Subaru care, we are proud to offer these added benefits that make us different than the rest:
- Family owned and operated for over 60 years!
- All New Facility
- Complimentary loaner cars
- Pet Friendly
- Proud sponsor of Jay's HOPE Foundation
- Wi-Fi enabled business center
- Easy online appointment scheduling
- Free shuttle service


text:
Read More
Paso Robles White Wine
You've selected
Grape Variety +
Price +
Alcohol Percent +
This fresh arrival is ready to ship. Add to cart and be among the first to taste it (and check back later for more details).
Sorry, it looks like this item is currently out of stock.


text:
Aviation part KU10753 is now available in our ready-to-ship inventory. is a part type of KU10753 Part and manufactured by Rolls Royce Corp. Are you interested in buying this part? All you have to do is complete the Request for Quote (RFQ) form below and click submit to get started. Make sure that you fill out all fields with the correct information, especially the asterisk-marked (*) ones, as these will determine the bulk of your quote. Within 15 minutes of receiving your RFQ, one of our dedicated product matter experts will get back to you with your personalized quote.
With more than 2 billion unique parts in our ready-to-ship inventory of new and obsolete aviation and electronic parts, ASAP NSN Hub, owned and operated by ASAP Semiconductor, is one of the largest online supplier of Rolls Royce Corp for the aerospace and aviation industries in the world. We are an FAA AC 0056B accredited and AS9120B, ISO 9001:2015 certified company. Our expertise and many years of experience has earned us the privilege of working with several prestigious aerospace and aviation companies. We also have advanced shipping facilities scattered across the continental United States and Canada.
|Part Number: KU10753
|Manufacturer: Rolls Royce Corp
Note : We will not share your information to any third parties.
Aviation parts are those designed for type-specific aircraft. In addition to aviation part number KU10753, we stock a wide variety of airframe, engine, electrical, landing gear, and hardware parts for different types of aircraft. Are you interested in learning more? Would you like to expedite your quote? Please call us at our toll-free number, +1-920-785-6790. You can also email us your Bill of Materials (BOM) at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Please Consider Us the Next Time You're Searching for Competitive Prices On NSN Parts.Request for Quote


text:
Showing 73–83 of 83 results
Plus be the first to know about new products, sales and more!
By submitting this form, you agree to allow The Petite Provisions Co. to use your email address to send you monthly newsletters. We will never sell your information to a third party, and of course, you can unsubscribe at any time. You can view our full Privacy Policy here.


text:
For rent ajman 1
1-30 of 3,383 properties for rent found
1-30 of 3,383 properties for rent found
Receive alerts for this search
We use cookies to personalize your Trovit experience on our site, analyze traffic, and show personalized content and targeted ads. If you keep browsing or accept this notice you will enjoy an improved experience. More info
Tell us how we can improve