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Aerial Toll-Houses
The teaching of Aerial Toll-Houses regards the soul's journey after its departure from the body.
Dn. Andrew Werbiansky summarizes the theory (described in Fr. Seraphim Rose's book The Soul After Death) as follows: "following a person's death the soul leaves the body and is escorted to God by angels. During this journey the soul passes through an aerial realm which is ruled by demons. The soul encounters these demons at various points referred to as "toll-houses" where the demons then attempt to accuse it of sin and, if possible, drag the soul into hell."[1]
The toll-house concept is often said to occur in the writings of the Church Fathers where it is not explicitly named. In its most general form, it refers to the idea that after death, the demons attempt to convict the soul of being unrepentant in sin and insincere in following God, while the angels and the prayers of the living help the soul to be in true repentance, according to Fr. Thomas Hopko.[2] These demons are called "tax-collectors" in some early writings.
Vision of Gregory
The most detailed version of the toll-houses occurs in a vision of Gregory of Thrace, apparently from the 10th century. In this vision, Gregory meets a recently departed Christian named Theodora, who tells him about her experiences after dying. According to her, every person has demons that attack him, and "shoot their arrows at them", as Church Fathers say, these "arrows" being thoughts that suggest committing sins. These demons write down every sin that they persuaded people to do, and even thoughts that people accepted and complied with, but did not, for what ever reason, actually actualize them. When a person repents for a sin, and confesses it in the Holy Mystery (/Sacrament) of Confession [3], it is by God's Grace and Power erased from the demon's papers.
When the soul dies, on the third day it is carried by angels towards Heaven. On that way, they must go past 20 aerial toll-houses, which are huge groups of demons arranged according to specific kinds of sins. When a soul accompanied by angels gets to a toll-house, demons that tempted that soul during her life approach and accuse it for sins. The sins that are written on papers of demons have to be "payed for" by persons good deeds in life, such as prayer, fasting, asceticism, doing works of mercy, etc. or with prayers that are said on the person's behalf. In the vision Theodora told Gregory that she received a bag of gold which was the prayers of her spiritual father on her behalf, and that without them she would not have made it through the toll-houses.
It should be noted at this point that the idea that one must "pay" the demons for unrepented sins does not show up in many of the other descriptions of the toll-houses or the toll-house concept. St. Anthony the Great, for example, saw a vision of souls rising towards heaven and some being stopped by a large demon and cast down, but no accounts of bargaining for sins with good deeds and the prayers of others. Likewise St. Bede recorded certain visions of a Celtic Saint who saw a soul arising and fighting off demons with the help of angels and his reposed wife's soul, but again without any such bargaining for sin. Such a notion is also conspicuously absent from the homiletics of the Church Fathers. It does appear in one pseudo-Makarian story attached to the Fifty Homilies of St. Macarius of Egypt, which mentions the demons and angels weighing the sins and good works in a balance (but makes no mention of the prayers of the living being usable as payment in lieu of good deeds), but other discussions of the struggle following death do not use the imagery of a business transaction.
The demons accuse the soul at each toll-house of sins. In some cases the demon might accuse the soul of sins that they tempted her with, but it didn't comply with, or of sins that she repented for, and in that cases one of the angels, the one which was the persons guardian angel, speaks for the person, saying that those are lies, and that payment is not necessary, taking the soul to the next toll-house. This aspect comes from other hagiographic sources about demonic accusations, rather than from the story of Gregory.
Returning to Theodora's tale to Gregory, if a person has unrepented sins, and does not have enough good deeds and prayers of the living to pay for them, the demons of the corresponding toll-house grab him, and take him to hell. The soul navigates the toll-houses in the following order:
- At the first aerial toll-house, the soul is questioned about sins of the tongue, such as empty words, dirty talk, insults, ridicule, singing worldly songs, too much or loud laughter, and similar sins.
- The second is the toll-house of lies, which includes not only ordinary lies, but also the breaking of oaths, the violation of vows given to God, taking God's name in vain, hiding sins during confession, and similar acts.
- The third is the toll-house of slander. It includes judging, humiliating, embarrassing, mocking, and laughing at people, and similar transgressions.
- The fourth is the toll-house of gluttony, which includes overeating, drunkenness, eating between meals, eating without prayer, not holding fasts, choosing tasty over plain food, eating when not hungry, and the like.
- The fifth is the toll-house of laziness, where the soul is held accountable for every day and hour spent in laziness, for neglecting to serve God and pray, for missing Church services, and also for not earning money through hard, honest labor, for not working as much as you are paid, and all similar sins.
- The sixth toll-house is the toll-house of theft, which includes stealing and robbery, whether small, big, light, violent, public, or hidden.
- The seventh is the toll-house of covetousness, including love of riches and goods, failure to give to charity, and similar acts.
- The eight is the toll-house of usury, loan-sharking, overpricing, and similar sins.
- The ninth is the toll-house of injustice- being unjust, especially in judicial affairs, accepting or giving bribes, dishonest trading and business, using false measures, and similar sins.
- The tenth is the toll-house of envy.
- The eleventh is the toll-house of pride- vanity, self-will, boasting, not honoring parents and civil authorities, insubordination, disobedience, and similar sins.
- The twelve is the toll-house of anger and rage.
- The thirteenth is the toll-house of remembering evil- hatred, holding a grudge, and revenge.
- The fourteenth is the toll-house of murder- not just plain murder, but also wounding, maiming, hitting, pushing, and generally injuring people.
- The fifteenth is the toll-house of magic- divination, conjuring demons, making poison, all superstitions, and associated acts.
- The sixteenth is the toll-house of lust- fornication, unclean thoughts, lustful looks, unchaste touches.
- The seventeenth is the toll-house of adultery.
- The eighteenth is the toll-house of sodomy: bestiality, homosexuality, incest, masturbation, and all other unnatural sins.
- The nineteenth is the toll-house of heresy: rejecting any part of Orthodox faith, wrongly interpreting it, apostasy, blasphemy, and all similar sins.
- The last, twentieth toll-house is the toll-house of unmercifulness: failing to show mercy and charity to people, and being cruel in any way.
Are They Literal?
Many of the Orthodox who accept the doctrine of the toll-houses do not take the form or all the teachings from the vision of Gregory literally. Thus for example Fr. Thomas Hopko maintains that one should not try to associate a particular time after death to the process, nor should one take the toll-houses as being literally "in the air," or necessarily twenty in number. Likewise, he makes no mention in his argument for them of the doctrine of bargaining for sins (which is similar in some ways to the Latin doctrine of merits). Instead, his description, drawing on St. John Chrysostom and the Fifty Homilies of St. Macarius of Egypt, among others, takes the toll-house encounters to describe the attempt of the demons to assault the soul with its own vulnerability to sin, or to entice it away from God, and describes passing through the toll-houses as the purification of the soul.[4]. St. Theophan the Recluse likewise said that what the demons are seeking is "passions," and suggested that, although the toll-houses are often depicted as frightening, the demons might equally well try to entice the soul by appealing to one of its weaknesses. Some others go so far as to say that the demons and angels are metaphors for the sins and virtues of the soul.[5]
It is particularly notable that even those who advocate for a more literal interpretation do not generally advocate for the doctrine of "bargaining over sins." Such a doctrine appears to have little to do with the idea of salvation of theosis, since it makes salvation a matter of having adequate payment, whether in the form of one's own deeds or of Such a doctrine may also conflict with the prayers in the Mystery of Confession, in which the priest prays for the forgiveness of all one's sins, including the unconfessed ones.
There is disagreement in certain circles regarding the status of this teaching within the Orthodox Church. Some, including Archbishop Lazar (Puhalo) of Ottawa, consider this teaching controversial, even false (describing it as gnostic or of pagan origin). The traditional proponents of the teaching argue that it appears in the hymnology of the Church,[6] [7] in stories of the lives of saints (for example, the Life of St. Anthony the Great, written by St. Athanasius the Great, the life of St. Basil the New, and St. Theodora), in the homilies of St. Cyril of Alexandria[8] in the Discourses of Abba Isaiah,[9] the Philokalia, the Ladder of Divine Ascent, and the Dogmatics of the Orthodox Church by Blessed Justin Popovich. Several contemporary Church figures speak about toll-houses.[10] [11] [12] [13] Secondly, not a single Church Father ever wrote even one sentence expressing doubt about this teaching (which is present in its most general form in the Church since at least fourth century), although their discussions of the topic are always about general struggles with "tax-collector" demons, lacking the details present in Gregory's vision (apart from one pseudo-Makarian story which also mentions numerous toll-houses and a bargaining over sins at each one). Thirdly, some of the greatest modern authorities of the Orthodox Church, such as St. Ignatius Brianchaninov[14] and St. Theophan the Recluse,[15] insisted not only on the truthfulness, but on the necessity of this teaching in the spiritual life of a Christian.
It should again be noted that many of these sources stress that the toll-houses should be understood figuratively, and that they do not in general defend the idea of "bargaining for sins" as found in the story of Gregory. The form that they take can also differ depending upon which source one considers; thus, St. Anthony saw only a single very large demon watching souls rising and trying to block them, rather than many demons arranged in some order, which is quite different than the vision of Gregory. Likewise the liturgical passages ask for deliverance from demonic forces at our deaths, but do not try to express exactly what form the struggle will take.
Those who oppose the doctrine maintain that the liturgical passages cited do not actually refer to the toll-houses.
- ↑ Death and the Toll House Contraversy by Deacon Andrew Werbiansky
- ↑ Fr. Thomas Hopko on the Toll-houses, http://audio.ancientfaith.com/illuminedheart/hopko_tolls.mp3
- ↑ if there is an opportunity for that, if not, confession without a priest is sufficient, as in the case of the Good Thief
- ↑ Fr. Thomas Hopko on the Toll-houses, http://audio.ancientfaith.com/illuminedheart/hopko_tolls.mp3
- ↑ Fr. Michael Pomozansky, http://www.new-ostrog.org/pomazansky.html
- ↑ January 27, The Recovery of the Holy Relics of our Father among the Saints John Chrysostom, Troparion 1, Ode 5 of Orthros: "Grant me to pass untroubled through the host of noetic satraps and the tyrannic battalion of the lower air in the hour of my departure..."
- ↑ Parakletike, Friday Vespers, Second Mode: "When my soul is about to be separated violently from the members of the body, then, O Bride of God, come to my aid; scatter the counsels of the fleshless enemies and shatter their millstones, by which they seek to devour me mercilessly; that, unhindered, I may pass through the rulers of darkness standing in the air."
- ↑ St. Cyril of Alexandria Ephesi praedicata depoito Nestorio, ACO.14(52.405D) as referenced by Lampe, G.W.H., A Patristic Greek Lexicon, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1961, p.1387
- ↑ The Twenty-nine Discourses of our Holy Father Isaiah, Volos, 1962, p. 37 (in Greek): "[Live] every day having death before your eyes, and concerning yourselves with how you will come out from the body, how you will pass by the powers of darkness what will meet you in the air, and how you will answer before God..."
- ↑ The Taxing of Souls by Metropolitan Hierotheos (Vlachos)
- ↑ Answer to a Critic, Appendix III from The Soul After Death by Father Seraphim Rose of Platina
- ↑ Vid. Ephraim, Elder, Counsels from the Holy Mountain, St. Anthony's Greek Orthodox Monastery, Arizona, 1999, pp. 436, 447.
- ↑ Cavarnos, Constantine, The Future Life According to Orthodox Teaching, Center for Traditionalist Orthodox Studies, Etna, California, 1985, pp. 24-26.
- ↑ A Word on Death, chapter "Aerial toll-houses"
- ↑ What is spiritual life, and how to obtain it, chapter "Perfect preparation for the Mystery of Repentance"
See also
External links
- Death and the Toll House Contraversy by Dn. Andrew Werbiansky
- The Debate Over Aerial Toll-Houses Extract from the Minutes of the Session of the Synod of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (1980)
- Evidence for the Tradition of the Toll Houses found in the Universally Received Tradition of the Church
- State of the Soul After Death According to the Teachings of Saint John Damascene by Hieromonk Dionysios
- Death and the Toll-Houses by Vladimir Moss
- Life After Death by St. John Maximovitch
- On the Question of the "Toll-Houses": Our War is not Against Flesh and Blood by Fr. Michael Pomazansky
- The Taxing of Souls by Metropolitan Hierotheos (Vlachos)
- Answer to a Critic (Deacon Lev Puhalo), Appendix III from The Soul After Death by Father Seraphim Rose of Platina
- The Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus About Life After Death. From Life After Death, by Metropolitan Hierotheos (Vlachos)
- Illumined Heart Podcast Interview of Fr. Thomas Hopko
- Fr. Seraphim Rose in Greece (Postcards From Greece Podcast, by Fr. Peter Heers)
- Against the Gnostic Story of the Judging Demons - the "Toll-Houses"
- Two troubling teachings reported by Archbishop Lazar Puhalo
- Regarding the Toll Houses various articles by Archbishop Lazar, Fr. Michael Pomazansky, and others
- Questions and Answers: Archbishop Lazar Puhalo


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Pick a Friend! My daughter likes this quote so much she bought a Nook cover with it's original verbage. The premise in this title is in realizing that behind what we read is an actual person - and it's good to choose carefully +++what enters our hearts, souls and minds.
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nrogoff needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 62 designs submitted by 22 freelance designers.
The website will be geared for giving advice in all sorts of subject areas in an interactive way. Subject areas could be as diverse as connecting up your home electronics to getting divorced. The logo should incorporate the name of the site, be clean and modern.
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Standard Web Formats (.jpg, .gif or .png); Vector Formats (.eps, .pdf or .ai)
The requirement is to have 2 logos. One incorporating the domain name 'DontStruggle.com' and the other an identifiable logo image only (that may or may not be part of the main logo) that can be used as an icon in various sizes. This may change somewhat from very small bullet size to larger icons.The logo should allow the user to immediately identify the DontStruggle.com brand.The logo should be clean, modern and preferably express the intension to relieve someone from something that they may be struggling with. The site is about NOT struggling or finding help or getting a solution or answer in an easy to understand, intuitive and interactive way. The logo should also express the best and latest in technology and expertise too.The logos will be used on the website in various sizes and places. I look forward to some really creative designs. Thanks Nicholas
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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So it's like a light came on this past week with my LO. We came home from the peds office after him giving us the amazing news that we can stop fortifying his EBM with enfacare, and my LO latches right away and breastfeeds...not once but at least 80% of the time for the next 3 days! It was SO encouraged because it's been a battle, but he just decided it was his time. It was all great until today.....I've been trying to quickly transition from exclusive pumping to breastfeeding and I may have expected too much of myself and my LO too fast. I believe I have a severely decreased output on one breast...the one he doesn't favor, but at the same time when it's full it has OALD, so no matter what time of day/how full my one breast is my LO really doesn't prefer it, but will always latch on the other one that seems to have regulated itself really fast. So i guess my question is, how am i supposed to do this transition without compromising my supply, and keeping my LO happy as best I can? Sometimes i think he needs more than my one breast, but then refuses the other, then will relatch on the first one and keep suckling? It's very odd....even if hte milk is dripping into his mouth from the one he doesn't prefer he won't take it. I used to pump about 45 oz a day with is a large oversupply for my LO and i'm having a hard time not pumping even half that...just need advice/encouragment on not focusing on the numbers, but knowing how to do this delicately so I have the same abundance for my LO.
Sorry, one more thing, he really still doesn't like to eat before bed at the breast when he is "filling up" to sleep for a while...he will eat but keeps fussing and latching on and off, on and off and eventually i give him a small bottle and he goes to bed...jsut when he is really hungry (does great dream feeding...) How do i break his dependency to get "full" on the bottle? Am i expecting too much of my 3 month, 1 month adjusted preemie to burn too much energy eating a lot from the breast?


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Ryan Donato, the Bruins' second-round draft pick last month, has one more season ahead before moving up to the college level. He's trying to make sure he gets to Harvard to play for Crimson head coach Ted Donato – his dad, and a former Bruin.
WILMINGTON - Armed with critiques, suggestions and instructions, prospects who attended the Bruins Development Camp said their goodbyes Monday and started heading for home.
Ryan Donato didn't have as far to travel as most others – just a car ride back to Scituate – but he did have a little more work ahead of him than most.
Unlike the vast majority of the 23 players in camp, Donato wasn't certain where he'd be for the 2014-15 season. Iron-clad options are a final season at The Dexter School in Brookline or one year with the Omaha Lancers of the United States Hockey League, although there may be other opportunities.
"It's the old 'prep school versus juniors,' and all that stuff," said Bruins general manager Peter Chiarelli on Sunday. "It's not new. It's just a little closer to home because of the personalities involved."
Donato, a forward drafted in the second round (No. 56 overall) last month, will undoubtedly succeed no matter where he spends 2014-15. The next several seasons after that, however, are of greater concern: Much of his development will take place at the college level, and understandably, he wants that to take place at Harvard University – where his father, former Bruin Ted Donato, is head coach.
There are pros and cons on both sides.
The USHL plays a 60-game regular-season schedule, with a significant percentage of the league's 16- to 20-year-olds headed for Div. 1 NCAA programs and many either already drafted by NHL teams, or considered draft-worthy. Staying at the prep school level with Dexter, where Donato was dominant last season (37-41—78 in 30 games) would still provide high-level competition and excellent coaching (Donato's uncle Dan Donato, a former Boston University hockey player and Triple-A baseball player, is Dexter's head coach), but fewer playing opportunities. Academically, however, it's a better path to Harvard, where Donato still must be accepted.
Few teams can appreciate the situation more than the Bruins. Chiarelli played at Harvard, as did assistant GM Don Sweeney. They were teammates there for three years, and Ted Donato was a Crimson freshman when Sweeney was a senior (1987-88). Four years later, Sweeney and Donato became teammates again as Bruins.
"I guess you could say that maybe it's the best team that drafted (Ryan Donato), for that reason," Chiarelli said. "We've got two guys here that went to (Harvard), and understand and appreciate it … (and) the fact that Donnie and I know Ted and his family well helps for full disclosure and transparency and all that stuff."
Discussions between the family and team have been ongoing, and will continue.
"We'll let some things unfold," Chiarelli said. "There's a lot of elements that are involved here, and we'll have some further discussions with Ted and the family and Ryan."
While it's a significant decision, there's one way in which Ryan Donato says it doesn't matter.
"Obviously, I want to have the decision made so I can just focus on working," he said after Sunday's final practice and scrimmage, "but no matter where I go, or what decision we end up making, my work ethic isn't going to change. I'll keep on working hard, getting ready for the season."
Development camp officially ended Monday with team-building exercises on Thompson Island in Boston Harbor … Multiple reports Monday said the Bruins and defenseman Matt Bartkowski had reached agreement on a one-year, $1.25 million contract, thus avoiding an arbitration hearing later this month. Bartkowski, who played his first full NHL season in 2013-14 (64 games, 18 points, plus-22 at a salary of $650,000), will become an unrestricted free agent when the new deal expires


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Cameron Douglas pens drug policy essay from jail
LOS ANGELES (AP) — Michael Douglas' son is speaking out from behind bars, calling for treatment rather than jail time for non-violent drug offenders.
Cameron Douglas says in an essay published Tuesday by the Huffington Post that United States laws impose tougher penalties on addicts than on violent criminals. The 34-year-old is serving a 9 1/2-year prison sentence after various drug violations.
Douglas was first convicted in 2010 of selling methamphetamine, and a judge nearly doubled that sentence after he was found guilty of repeatedly breaking prison rules by arranging to get drugs.
An actor who starred with his famous father and grandfather in 2003′s "It Runs In the Family," Douglas writes that he "seem(s) to be trapped in a vicious cycle of relapse and repeat, as most addicts are" and that a long prison sentence without adequate treatment "does absolutely nothing but temporarily deter (addicts) from succumbing to their weakness."
"Instead of focusing on how many individuals this county can keep imprisoned, why can we not focus on how many individuals we can keep from coming back?" he writes.
In April, Douglas lost his appeal against the doubled prison term. Though the appeals panel upheld the judge's original decision, it delivered a similar message then as Cameron does in his essay.
"It may well be that the nation would be better served by a medical approach to treating and preventing addiction than by a criminal-justice-based 'war on drugs,'" the court said.
"The multiple costs of our imprisonment approach — including the expense of filling our prisons with drug addicts, to mention just a base economic cost — impel me to express the hope that Congress may someday seek out a different way of dealing with this problem," Judge Guido Calabresi wrote.
Douglas says in his essay that he's not trying to avoid punishment, but after deeply examining his condition, he wants to "stimulate some thought on the topic."
"I can only hope that the educated, just, and decent men and women who hold positions of influence will find the courage to fight for change because they understand what is inherently right," he writes. "In doing so, they will start gaining the support necessary to begin breaking these malignant molds that are such a detriment to our society and culture as a whole."
Douglas is scheduled for release in early 2018.


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Picking up where they left off in 2010, member/panelists Dr. Karen Monroy, Rebecca Rasmussen, Dawn Rivers Baker, Jessica Pieklo and Robbie Kaye trade ideas on the WOTV monthly theme. Hosted by WOTV founder Ana Gonzalez Lewis, this month's chosen topic is "Angry Woman, Quiet Woman" a subject which seems particularly timely given the recent tragic shootings in Tucson.
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Based in Tucson Arizona, Lewis, CEO of award-winning web design firm Co-Op Web, Inc., and founder of WomenontheVerge.net, refers to herself as a "Latina who loves laughing, books, writing, gardening, yoga and vegetarianism and is a CASA volunteer". In response to the question "Why a community for women?" Lewis responded "I was raised surrounded by strong, wise, outspoken women. I wanted to create an online community for women so they could experience the kind of support that has helped me be successful."
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Find WOTV Radio every third Wednesday at noon EST at blogtalkradio.com/womenontheverge


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Department of Revenue News Release
May 15, 2009Bidding Process Used to Award License Office Contracts In Maysville, Neosho & Washington
The Missouri Department of Revenue, after utilizing a competitive bid process, today awarded the management of three more local motor vehicle license offices. The three offices awarded today are in Maysville, Neosho and Washington, and this brings to 14 the total number of offices awarded under the new system.
The Maysville office has been awarded to Roberta Sue Steiner. The office will be relocated to 106 W. Main St. from its current location at 212 W. Main St. The current office agent, Margaret Pulley, chose not to bid to operate the office in the future.
The Neosho Area Business and Industrial Foundation, Inc. (NABIFI) has been awarded the management contract for the Neosho office. NABIFI is a not-for-profit corporation designed to assist in the development of jobs in the Neosho area. The license office will remain at 112 W. Spring St. The incumbent agent, David Jerome, did not bid to retain the management contract.
The license office in Washington has been awarded to the Washington Chamber of Commerce. The Chamber has been the contract agent for 36 years, and the office will stay at 323 W. Main St.
Details about days of operation and transitional changes in the operating hours of the offices, if any, will be announced by the agents.
The three offices awarded today are the latest to have their management chosen using a new bidding process that was implemented when Gov. Jay Nixon took office on Jan. 12. The new system calls for people or groups to submit detailed bids to obtain the management contracts to operate the offices. The Neosho and Washington offices each received one bid, and the Maysville office received two bids.
Karen King Mitchell, director of the Missouri Department of Revenue, said the process has gone well.
"The teams evaluating the bids have been pleased with the quality of the proposed business plans," Mitchell said. "A variety of new faces, incumbent agents and not-for-profit corporations have been awarded the rights to run these offices, and the local customers will be the beneficiaries of this new and more open system."
Some winning bidders have chosen to return part of their office revenues to the state. Although none of the three winning proposals awarded this week included such a provision, the cumulative amount of estimated annual funds that will be returned to the state from the 14 license offices that have been awarded so far this year is $71,001.
"The willingness of agents to return some of their profits is a great cost-efficiency measure for the state, and the amount returned to the state will undoubtedly grow as more bids are awarded," Mitchell said.
For a list of winning bidders for license offices, please go to http://oa.mo.gov/purch/awardedfeeoffices.pdf.
All 183 local license offices provide services that are overseen by the Missouri Department of Revenue, but each office is operated by an independent contractor. Transactions that are conducted at these offices include the issuance and renewal of driver licenses, applying for titles for motor vehicles, and the issuance and renewal of registration for motor vehicles, boats and outboard motors.
Additional information on the bids will be posted by the Missouri Office of Administration within the next few days.


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One Project, Five Ways: Hanging Planters
My black thumb strictly forbids me from accumulating (then killing) more plants, but if I was the rebellious sort, I'd promptly make one of these hanging planters. They are textured, sculptural and just as interesting as the greenery itself.
Here's a roundup of my personal favorites:
1. Alessandra whipped up a beaded planter, based on this older post from Weekday Carnival. Both are beautiful.
2. This neon string version, from Refinery 29, gives a little pop of color against the green.
3. Design*Sponge featured Steven Soria of Make Smith Leather Co.'s finished project using cut leather.
4. A simple twine version from Sara Woodrow.
5. Last but not least, Mette shows you how to create suede planters on her blog, Monsters Circus.
(Images: as linked above)


text:
The practice of short selling, betting that stock will fall to profit from the decline, has declined, according to research firm Markit, and this trend is much more pronounced in Europe than it is in the U.S.
The practice of short selling, betting that stock will fall to profit from the decline, has declined, according to research firm Markit, and this trend is much more pronounced in Europe than it is in the U.S.
"We've certainly seen that there's been less of an appetite to sell short," Simon Colvin, research analyst at Markit told CNBC.
"There's a lot of macro risk in the market right now and that's really driving a lot of this, and short sellers tend to be a bit more like stock pickers, so obviously when there's more uncertainty that tends to see short sellers cover (ending short positions)."
Short selling peaked in June 2012, according to Colvin, and has since dropped off by around 25 percent.
Markit's own data show that since the summer, Europe's Stoxx 600 Index has seen demand to borrow fall sharply to 2.3 percent of the total shares – close to the annual low of 2.2 percent in March.
One sector bucking that trend is Europe's technology hardware manufacturing sector, which sees an average of 8.8 percent of total shares on loan. In contrast the commercial and professional services sector saw the most short covering in recent months.
New rules installed on November 2 by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) mean anyone with short positions of greater than 0.2 percent in an EU company's shares must now report it to regulators.
(Read More: Short-Sellers of Europe Set to Be Unmasked)
Positions of more than 0.5 percent are also publicly disclosed and Colvin agreed that the decline could be driven by these new regulations as short sellers have increasingly come to see themselves as "activist investors".
Technology companies that have been on the receiving end of such short selling include Logitech, Aixtron and the mobile phone maker Nokia. According to Colvin it's the recent dominance of Apple and Samsung that have meant the shorts have targeted this sector.
"For example if we look at RIM (Research In Motion) - pretty heavily shorted. Nokia in Europe as well and that holds the same in Japan as well, we see a lot of the Japanese tech companies really struggling to compete and we see pretty high short selling in all of these names," he said.
(Read More: RIM Reports Loss but Beats Expectations; Shares Jump)
And it's not just European short sellers keeping checks on the tech sector as David Garrity at GVA Research told CNBC.
HTC, Nokia and Research in Motion saw share price rises in the second half of 2012 as rival Apple struggled after summer highs. Garrity, speaking before RIM released earnings on December 20, said he would put his money to work on the short side.
"I would argue that if we got to see decent numbers coming out of Apple in terms of acceptance of iPhone 5, obviously these gains in these stocks could be reversed fairly quickly," he said.
—By CNBC.com's Matt Clinch


text:
Lions Park, East Boulevard Avenue and 19th Street, Bismarck, ND
Hillside Pool
Enjoy the brand NEW Hillside Pool, scheduled to open in June, 2015. This pool has been completely renovated and includes new slides, a climbing wall, a large deck with shade structures, concessions and new showers and restrooms. There is also a new community room, which is available to rent for parties and family gatherings. Hillside Pool is located in Lions Park in northeast Bismarck. Park features include a skate park, disc golf course, restrooms and tennis courts, along with new trails, parking, lighting and playgrounds.
All Features
General Information
- Hours of Operation: General Swim (Mon-Thurs): 12-4pm Evening General Swim (Mon-Thurs): 4:30-8pm General Swim (Fri-Sun): 12-7pm Pools are closed daily from 4-4:30pm


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"Proponents of the intelligent design movement believe that an
intelligent designer, rather than evolution, is responsible for key
developments in the emergence of life."
What exactly are the "key developments" according to ID? Is it simply
what mainstream science hasn't yet figured out?
From: email@example.com [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com] On
Behalf Of David Opderbeck
Sent: Monday, April 28, 2008 3:43 PM
To: Rich Blinne
Cc: ASA
Subject: Re: [asa] New AAAS Statement Decries "Profound Dishonesty" of
Intelligent Design Movie
And I'd also note this from the AAAS statement: "Proponents of the
intelligent design
movement believe that an intelligent designer, rather than evolution, is
responsible for key developments in the emergence of life."
So an "intelligent designer" can't have used "evolution" to accomplish
his/her/its design? Isn't this "evolution or God" at the end of the
On Mon, Apr 28, 2008 at 6:40 PM, David Opderbeck <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Ok, but the AAAS Statement also includes this:
"We hope lawmakers will follow the course of Judge John Jones III, who
ruled in the Dover, Pa. case that intelligent
design meets none of the tests of a scientific theory and is simply an
updated version of century-old creationist arguments."
Does the AAAS really want Judge Jones' constipated demarcation of
"science" to govern all future discussion of such questions? Is the
AAAS even qualified to opine about this?
And this:
"At a time when the United States faces serious economic challenges, we
cannot risk derailing efforts to provide the best possible science
education for the next generation of problem solvers."
Which is not quite as silly and offensive as equating everyone who
accepts evolution with Nazi stormtroopers, but is definitely a response
in kind. I.e.: anyone who takes any design idea seriously is a
backwards fundie hick.
On Mon, Apr 28, 2008 at 6:23 PM, Rich Blinne <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Go to the link to also see an embedded video with Francis Collins which
as they say in the Visa commercials, priceless. The video itself
predates Expelled but still is nevertheless on topic.
A new movie released in support of the intelligent design campaign
needlessly drives a wedge between science and religion and insults the
life-affirming work of millions of scientists worldwide, AAAS said in a
statement issued today.
The film, "Expelled," posits that science is unable to explain crucial
gaps in evolution on Earth, and that the intervention of an intelligent
designer was necessary to advance the development of life. The film
claims that scientists ruthlessly suppress such challenges.
The AAAS statement responds that evolution is supported by extensive
evidence, and rejects the movie as a divisive effort to inject
controversial religious ideas into public school science classrooms.
"We were... especially disappointed to learn that the producers of an
intelligent design propaganda movie called 'Expelled' are
inappropriately pitting science against religion," said the statement.
"This production badly misrepresents the scientific community as
intolerant of dissent, when, in fact, respectful disagreement and
questioning based on physical evidence represent the core of the
scientific process.
"AAAS further decries the profound dishonesty and lack of civility
demonstrated by this effort. The movie includes interviews with
scientists who report that they were deceived into appearing as part of
such a production, and advance segments [of the film] broadly depict
those who accept evolution as racist and sympathetic to Nazis. Such
generalized insults are untrue and grossly unfair to millions of
scientists in the United States and worldwide who are working to cure
disease, solve hunger, improve national security, and otherwise advance
science to improve the quality of human life."
For more than a decade, AAAS has worked to build a constructive
engagement between science and religion, through its Dialogue on
Science, Ethics, and Religion and other programs. Further, the statement
noted, more than 11,000 Christian leaders in the United States have
signed a letter <http://www.butler.edu/clergyproject/rel_evol_sun.htm>
affirming that evolution does not conflict with religious faith. The
United Church of Christ recently sent out a pastoral letter expressing a
similar position.
Evolution "is based on a diverse and robust body of physical evidence,
from fossilized bones to radiometric measurements of the ages of the
Earth's rocks," the statement says. But the movie, by conveying
misinformation about science and researchers, seeks to force religious
viewpoints into science class--despite court decisions that have struck
down efforts to bring creationism and intelligent design into schools.
"At a time when the United States faces serious economic challenges, we
cannot risk derailing efforts to provide the best possible science
education for the next generation of problem-solvers," the statement
concludes. "Our children deserve no less."
Read the full AAAS statement
on the movie "Expelled."
-- David W. Opderbeck Associate Professor of Law Seton Hall University Law School Gibbons Institute of Law, Science & Technology -- David W. Opderbeck Associate Professor of Law Seton Hall University Law School Gibbons Institute of Law, Science & Technology To unsubscribe, send a message to firstname.lastname@example.com with "unsubscribe asa" (no quotes) as the body of the message.Received on Mon Apr 28 20:05:38 2008
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.1.8 : Mon Apr 28 2008 - 20:05:38 EDT


text:
Skip to Main Content
Bill McCarthy was first elected Sheriff by the citizens of Polk County in November 2008. He was reelected to a third term in November 2016. Prior to becoming Sheriff, McCarthy served as Chief Deputy.
Sheriff McCarthy began his 49 year law enforcement career in 1969 at the Polk County Sheriff's Office, then in 1970 he joined the Des Moines Police Department. He held positions as an Investigator, Sergeant, Lieutenant, Captain, Assistant Chief and served as the Des Moines Police Chief until his retirement in February 2007. Sheriff McCarthy was born and raised in Des Moines; he served in the United States Marine Corps and is a Viet Nam veteran.
Sheriff McCarthy has earned an Associates Degree in Law Enforcement from DMACC 11, a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Criminal Justice and a Master of Public Administration Degree with an emphasis on state and local government from Drake University. He attended the Police Executive Research Forum's and Senior Management Institutes for Police and the FBI Law Enforcement Executive Development Program and was a certified Polygraph Examiner.
Sheriff McCarthy served five years as President of the South Des Moines Little League. He has also administered the Police Athletic League, providing over a number of years a variety of youth sporting activities for hundreds of low-income children in the Des Moines inner city and was instrumental in reopening the Westside Boxing Club and establishing the Eastside Boxing Club.
Sheriff McCarthy for 15 years represented southeast Des Moines on the Pioneer-Columbus Neighborhood Priority Board. As part of the board he contributed to the Citizen Participation Process by chairing the Housing Sub-Committee and Vice Chair of the city's Central Advisory Board. He assisted for several years in working for the Christmas Food Basket Program for the Pioneer-Columbus area, a program that eventually was adopted by the city of Des Moines.
Sheriff McCarthy has received a number of awards for his outstanding service to the citizens of Des Moines by groups such as United Way, South Des Moines Jaycees, the Optimist Club, Urban Dreams, Children and Families of Iowa, the Greater Des Moines Neighbors Association and various governmental organizations, including the Vice President's Partnership for Reinventing Government. He was also awarded the key to the city of Des Moines in recognition of his contributions to children of this community and was named as leader in the south side community by the Des Moines Register. Sheriff McCarthy was presented the prestigious Mary Louise Smith Human Rights Award by the Des Moines Human Rights Commission.
Sheriff McCarthy is recognized for his work with neighborhood and business groups. His emphasis on establishing meaningful relationships with all minority groups and respecting their diversity is well known. Early in his career with the support of their Chief of Police William H. Moulder, he developed a plan how the department should interact with the community, which he called the Municipal Approach, a forerunner of what is now called Community Policing. He has been a vocal advocate in protecting the dignity of the immigration community and ensuring fair play by the justice system.
Sheriff McCarthy drew national attention when he removed the heavy metal flashlight from the tools carried by patrol officers. This action followed a number of highly publicized use-of-force incidents. While being criticized by some, this action has resulted in broad support from many citizens and progressive members of the law enforcement community.
Sheriff McCarthy has collaborated with area Chiefs of Police to establish the first of its kind policy on police chases occurring in Polk County. He has endorsed racial profiling training provided by the Community Service branch of the U.S. Department of Justice, which resulted in that instruction being provided to every member of the Des Moines Police Department and the Polk County Sheriff's Office.
Sheriff McCarthy was a driving force behind the city of Des Moines' Homeland Security initiative, eventually funded by the County and every municipal government within Polk County.
He was a member of the Community Coalition Against Substance Abuse and has served on many community, school, state and federal task forces dealing with adolescent shelters, school dropouts, youth groups and drug violence. He has served on the Attorney General's Task Force on Juvenile Justice and was appointed by the governor to serve on various committees and councils, including the highly quoted Task Force on Disproportionate Representation. He participated in the President's White House Policy Council meetings on youth gangs and violence, helping to shape the President's initiative on federal juvenile legislation.
Sheriff McCarthy continues to be active in many civic and community organizations. He and his wife, Linda, have two adult children and three wonderful grandchildren.
Administration: (515) 286-3814Administration Fax: (515) 323-5473Civil: (515) 286-3800Communications: (515) 286-3333Jail: (515) 323-5400Law Enforcement: (515) 286-3306
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You have until Feb 01, 2019 to return or exchange items bought after Nov 01, 2018. All other standard return policy conditions apply.
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Boresight your rifle quickly and easily with the Laser Boresight from Sightmark. The boresight is loaded into a chamber like a regular cartridge and projects a laser red dot onto your target that shows you exactly where you are aiming. Using this device will save you real cartridges and shells. Also included are 3 AG3 batteries and a carrying case.
Red laser
Laser wavelength: 632-650nm
Output power: 5 mW max
|6.5 x 55mm
|Battery / Runtime
3 x AG3 batteries / 1 h
2 x AG5 batteries / 1 h


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Self assessment due.....(1 Post)
vivat Thu 20-Jan-05 11:02:51
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