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Improving your health since 2000
Examples include Excedrin and Vanquish
Analgesic combinations
Relieving headaches, migraine headaches, toothaches, muscle aches, premenstrual or menstrual aches, or other minor aches and pains (eg, due to sinusitis, arthritis, or colds). It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.
Acetaminophen is an analgesic and antipyretic combination. It works by blocking substances in the body that cause pain and inflammation.
Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.
Some medical conditions may interact with acetaminophen. Tell your health care provider if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with acetaminophen. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:
This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if acetaminophen may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.
Use acetaminophen as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use acetaminophen.
All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:
Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:
Heartburn; nausea; upset stomach.
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); confusion; fainting; hearing loss; ringing in the ears; symptoms of liver problems (eg, dark urine, pale stools, persistent loss of appetite, right-upper stomach pain, yellowing of the skin or eyes); unusual tiredness.
This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.
Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.Proper storage of acetaminophen:
Store acetaminophen at room temperature, between 68 and 77 degrees F (20 and 25 degrees C), in a tightly closed container. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep acetaminophen out of the reach of children and away from pets.
This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take acetaminophen or any other medicine. Only your health care provider has the knowledge and training to decide which medicines are right for you. This information does not endorse any medicine as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a brief summary of general information about acetaminophen. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to acetaminophen. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. You must talk with your healthcare provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using acetaminophen.
Disclaimer: This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take this medicine or any other medicine. Only your health care provider has the knowledge and training to decide which medicines are right for you. This information does not endorse any medicine as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a brief summary of general information about this medicine. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this medicine. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. You must talk with your healthcare provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using this medicine.
Not all side effects for acetaminophen / aspirin / caffeine may be reported. You should always consult a doctor or healthcare professional for medical advice. Side effects can be reported to the FDA here.
Applies to acetaminophen / aspirin / caffeine: capsules, tablets
Other dosage forms:
Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:
Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur while taking acetaminophen / aspirin / caffeine:
Heartburn; nausea; upset stomach.
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); confusion; fainting; hearing loss; ringing in the ears; symptoms of liver problems (eg, dark urine, pale stools, persistent loss of appetite, right-upper stomach pain, yellowing of the skin or eyes); unusual tiredness.
Applies to acetaminophen / aspirin / caffeine: oral powder for reconstitution, oral tablet
Alcoholic patients may develop hepatotoxicity after even modest doses of acetaminophen. In healthy patients, approximately 15 grams of acetaminophen is necessary to deplete liver glutathione stores by 70% in a 70 kg person. However, hepatotoxicity has been reported following smaller doses. Glutathione concentrations may be repleted by the antidote N-acetylcysteine. One case report has suggested that hypothermia may also be beneficial in decreasing liver damage during overdose.
In a recent retrospective study of 306 patients admitted for acetaminophen overdose, 6.9% had severe liver injury but all recovered. None of the 306 patients died.
One study has suggested that acetaminophen may precipitate acute biliary pain and cholestasis. The mechanism of this effect may be related to inhibition of prostaglandin and alterations in the regulation of the sphincter of Oddi.
Cases of acute pancreatitis have been reported rarely with the use of acetaminophen.
A 19 year old female developed hepatotoxicity, reactive plasmacytosis and agranulocytosis followed by a leukemoid reaction after acute acetaminophen toxicity.[Ref]
Hepatic side effects including hepatotoxicity and hepatitis have been reported.
In alcoholic patients, severe and sometimes fatal dose dependent hepatitis has been reported with acetaminophen use. Hepatotoxicity has been increased during fasting.
Cases of aspirin induced hepatotoxicity and cholestatic hepatitis, particularly at high doses, have been reported rarely.[Ref]
Endoscopically identifiable gastric mucosal lesions occur in most patients who receive a single dose of aspirin. Clinically evident gastrointestinal bleeding has been reported in as many as 3% of treated elderly patients. Anorectal ulceration and rectal stenosis have been reported in patients who abuse aspirin containing rectal suppositories. One case controlled study has suggested that an association between aspirin (and other NSAID) consumption and appendicitis may exist.[Ref]
Gastrointestinal side effects have been common and have included epigastric distress (in as many as 83% of patients treated with regular aspirin), abdominal discomfort or pain, endoscopically identifiable gastric mucosal lesions, nausea, and vomiting. More serious gastrointestinal effects include hemorrhage, peptic ulcers, perforation, and esophageal ulcerations.
In clinical trials of caffeine citrate, five cases of necrotizing enterocolitis were reported among the 46 infants exposed to the caffeine citrate injection.
Gastrointestinal side effects have been rare with the use of acetaminophen, except in alcoholics and after overdose.[Ref]
General side effects including caffeinism have been reported. Consumption of higher doses of caffeine (>600 mg/day) has been reported to have lead to caffeinism. Caffeinism is a syndrome characterized by anxiety, restlessness, and sleep disorders (similar to anxiety states). It has also been reported that chronic, heavy caffeine ingestion may be associated with depression. Caffeine may cause anxiety and panic in panic disorder patients and may aggravate PMS.
In general, many side effects noted with aspirin use are dose-related.[Ref]
The mechanism of an aspirin induced decrease in renal function may be related to inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis with consequent decreases in renal blood flow. Vasodilating renal prostaglandins may be particularly important in patients who exhibit arterial underfilling (i.e. heart failure, cirrhosis). The administration of high doses of NSAIDs to such patients has produced acute renal failure in rare instances.
Acetaminophen: Acute tubular necrosis usually occurs in conjunction with liver failure, but has been observed as an isolated finding in rare cases. A possible increase in the risk of renal cell carcinoma has been associated with chronic acetaminophen use as well.
A case control study of patients with end stage renal disease suggested that long term consumption of acetaminophen may significantly increase the risk of end stage renal disease particularly in patients taking more than two pills per day.[Ref]
Renal side effects of aspirin have included reduction in glomerular filtration rate (particularly in patients who are sodium restricted or who exhibit diminished effective arterial blood volume, such as patients with advanced heart failure or cirrhosis), interstitial nephritis, papillary necrosis, elevations in serum creatinine, elevations in blood urea nitrogen, proteinuria, hematuria, and renal failure.
Renal side effects have been rare with acetaminophen use and have included acute tubular necrosis and interstitial nephritis. Adverse renal effects are most often observed after overdose, after chronic abuse (often with multiple analgesics), or in association with acetaminophen related hepatotoxicity.[Ref]
Hypersensitivity side effects of aspirin have included bronchospasm, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria, angioedema, and anaphylaxis. Approximately 10% to 30% of asthmatics are aspirin sensitive (with the clinical triad of aspirin sensitivity, bronchial asthma, and nasal polyps).
Hypersensitivity reactions such as anaphylaxis and fixed drug eruptions have rarely been reported in association with acetaminophen use.[Ref]
The mechanism of aspirin induced hypersensitivity may be related to an up-regulation of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism with a resulting increase in the products of 5-lipoxygenase (such as leukotrienes).[Ref]
Hematologic side effects of aspirin (in addition to predictable antiplatelet effects which may result in hemorrhage) have included increased blood fibrinolytic activity. In addition, hypoprothrombinemia, thrombocytopenia, thrombocyturia, megaloblastic anemia, and pancytopenia have been reported rarely. Aplastic anemia has also been reported.
Rare cases of thrombocytopenia associated with acetaminophen have been reported. Methemoglobinemia with resulting cyanosis has also been observed in the setting of acute overdose.[Ref]
Dermatologic side effects from the use of aspirin including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and a lichenoid eruption have been reported rarely.
Dermatologic side effects associated with acetaminophen includes the risk of rare but potentially fatal serious skin reactions known as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP). Erythematous skin rashes associated with acetaminophen have been reported, but are rare. Acetaminophen associated bullous erythema and purpura fulminans have been reported.[Ref]
Respiratory side effects including hyperpnea, pulmonary edema, and tachypnea have occurred in patients receiving aspirin.
A case of acetaminophen induced eosinophilic pneumonia has been reported.[Ref]
Two cases hypotension have been reported following the administration of acetaminophen. Both patients experienced significant decreases in blood pressure. One of the two patients required pressor agents to maintain adequate mean arterial pressures. Neither episode was associated with symptoms of anaphylaxis. Neither patient was rechallenged after resolution of the initial episode.[Ref]
Cardiovascular side effects of aspirin have been reported rarely and have included salicylate induced variant angina, ventricular ectopy, conduction abnormalities, and hypotension, particularly during salicylate toxicity.
Several cases of hypotension have been reported following the administration of acetaminophen.[Ref]
Metabolic side effects of aspirin have included dehydration and hyperkalemia. Respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis, particularly during salicylate toxicity, have been reported. A case of hypoglycemia has also been reported in a patient on hemodialysis.[Ref]
Nervous system side effects in patients receiving aspirin have included agitation, cerebral edema, coma, confusion, dizziness, headache, cranial hemorrhage, lethargy, and seizures. Some investigators have reported that modest doses may result in decreased frequency selectivity and may therefore impair hearing performance, particularly in the setting of background noise.[Ref]
Regarding the use of aspirin, some investigators have suggested that tinnitus may be a less reliable indicator of salicylate toxicity than previously believed. Patients with high frequency hearing loss may have difficulty perceiving tinnitus. In a study of rheumatoid arthritis patients, those with tinnitus had no greater salicylate levels than those without tinnitus. Elderly patients may be less likely to perceive tinnitus than younger patients.[Ref]
Other side effect have also been reported. In one study of the effects of caffeine, 634 women with fibrocystic breast disease (compared to 1066 women without the disease), the occurrence of fibrocystic breast disease was positively associated with average daily consumption of caffeine. Women who consumed 31 to 250 mg/day of caffeine were reported to have a 1.5 times increase in odds to have the disease. Women who consumed over 500 mg/day of caffeine were reported to have a 2.3 times increase in odds.
Reye's syndrome, although rare, has been associated with aspirin use in children with an acute viral illness. Reye's syndrome has also been reported even more rarely in adults.
Prolonged labor and pregnancy, decreased infant birth weight and stillborn births, antepartum and postpartum bleeding have occurred due to aspirin use by women during the third trimester of pregnancy.[Ref]
Reye's syndrome typically involves vomiting, neurologic dysfunction, and hepatic dysfunction during or shortly after an acute viral infection.[Ref]
Musculoskeletal side effects including rhabdomyolysis have occurred in patients receiving aspirin.[Ref]
Endocrine side effects of aspirin use have included hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.[Ref]
Ocular side effects including cases of localized periorbital edema have been reported rarely in patients receiving aspirin.[Ref]
Oncologic side effects have been reported. Several epidemiologic studies have suggested that chronic aspirin use may decrease the risk of large bowel neoplasms. However, other studies have not found this beneficial effect.[Ref]
1. He J, Whelton PK, Vu B, Klag MJ "Aspirin and risk of hemorrhagic stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." JAMA 280 (1998): 1930-35
2. Petty GW, Brown RD, Whisnant JP, Sicks JD, O'Fallon WM, Wiebers DO "Frequency of major complications of aspirin, warfarin, and intravenous heparin for secondary stroke prevention: a population study." Ann Intern Med 130 (1999): 14-22
3. Lanas A, Serrano P, Bajador E, Esteva F, Benito R, Sainz R "Evidence of aspirin use in both upper and lower gastrointestinal perforation." Gastroenterology 112 (1997): 683-9
4. Boissel JP "Individualizing aspirin therapy for prevention of cardiovascular events." JAMA 280 (1998): 1949-50
5. Gursoy M, Haznedaroglu IC, Celik I, Sayinalp N, Ozcebe OI, Dundar SV "Agranulocytosis, plasmacytosis, and thrombocytosis followed by a leukemoid reaction due to acute acetaminophen toxicity." Ann Pharmacother 30 (1996): 762-5
6. Zimmerman HJ, Maddrey WC "Acetaminophen (paracetamol) hepatotoxicity with regular intake of alcohol: analysis of instances of therapeutic misadventure." Hepatology 22 (1995): 767-73
7. Dickinson JP, Prentice CRM "Aspirin: benefit and risk in thromboprophylaxis." Qjm Mon J Assoc Physician 91 (1998): 523-38
8. Lee WM "Medical progress: drug-induced hepatotoxicity." N Engl J Med 333 (1995): 1118-27
9. "Multum Information Services, Inc. Expert Review Panel"
10. Sawynok J "Pharmacological rationale for the clinical use of caffeine." Drugs 49 (1995): 37-50
11. "Product Information. Bayer aspirin (aspirin)." Bayer, West Haven, CT.
12. Clementz GL, Dailey JW "Psychotropic effects of caffeine." Am Fam Physician 37 (1988): 167-72
13. Perneger TV, Whelton PK, Klag MJ "Risk of kidney failure associated with the use of acetaminophen, aspirin, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs." N Engl J Med 331 (1994): 1675-79
14. Kawada A, Hiruma M, Noguchi H, Ishibashi A "Fixed drug eruption induced by acetaminophen in a 12-year-old girl." Int J Dermatol 35 (1996): 148-9
15. Shoenfeld Y, Shaklai M, Livni E, Pinkhas J "Thrombocytopenia from acetaminophen." N Engl J Med 303 (1980): 47
16. Filipe PL, Freitas JP, Decastro JC, Silva R "Drug eruption induced by acetaminophen in infectious mononucleosis." Int J Dermatol 34 (1995): 220-1
17. Brown G "Acetaminophen-induced hypotension." Heart Lung 25 (1996): 137-40
18. Boyle CA, Berkowitz GS, LiVolsi VA, Ort S, Merino MJ, White C, Kelsey JL "Caffeine consumption and fibrocystic breast disease: a case-control epidemiologic study." J Natl Cancer Inst 72 (1984): 1015-9
Disclaimer: Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided is accurate, up-to-date and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. In addition, the drug information contained herein may be time sensitive and should not be utilized as a reference resource beyond the date hereof. This material does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients, or recommend therapy. This information is a reference resource designed as supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill , knowledge, and judgement of healthcare practitioners in patient care. The absence of a warning for a given drug or combination thereof in no way should be construed to indicate safety, effectiveness, or appropriateness for any given patient. Drugs.com does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of materials provided. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the substances you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist.


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I have known Jamie Conley and her husband, Will, for what seems like eons. Will does the prison ministry at our church and at this time she works at Davis Properties in Seagrove. But from her talent I think it won�t be long until she devotes her full time to her love of the camera.
It was maybe two years ago someone told me about Jamie and her photography efforts. As an oil painter and sculptor, anything with art backgrounds attracts me like Dumpsters do the bears at Grayton Beach. (Strange analogy there.) Anyhow, the subject slipped right past me and then I was hit right between the eyes.
She made her first attempt at exhibiting at a St. Rita Catholic Church�s annual craft and gift show. At first, I wondered why so many people crowded around a small area in the parking lot. When I was finally able to peer through the shuffling observers, I was bowled over.
The photography was totally different from anything I had seen in the galleries of our area � and the presentation and framing simplicity was nothing less than spectacular. I stood there at her small shaded tent, didn�t say much, but walked away knowing that here was something important in the world of photography.
I am by no means anything of an authority of that medium, but I am trained in balance, color tones, undertones, and symmetry from the Memphis Academy of Arts.
Some students have to be taught, others are bestowed with that special gift by their Maker. No academic education can instill that talent unless it lies under the skin. No doubt, Jamie Conley was given the ability � with bells, too. But I also know she has spent many hours studying the masters of imagery within the field.
Her work was recently shown in a two woman exhibit with Melissa Davis at Amavida Coffee at Rosemary Beach. The house was packed opening night, and now she has graciously offered to show her work at the Coastal Branch Library. It�s her attention to half tones and shadow effects that make observers just stand there like zombies.
They are in perfect harmony.
In the 24 years of living here and in the arts, finally, I have seen the light of well-executed, celluloid endeavors. Jamie is more than a professional, because she has pushed on from the standard pan shots that are found on everyday gift cards and store prints. She creates photographs from a whole new perspective.
Jamie�s time has arrived, and there is no doubt in my mind (what�s left of it according to my wife) that she is destined for shows in larger metropolitan galleries. Her work is simply that wonderful. Examples can still be seen at the library until the end of April. Jamie�s website is www.jconleyimages.com.
Fair winds to ye matey.
Chick Huettel is a long-time Walton County resident, writer and artist. He is a member of a number of local organizations including the Emerald Coast Archeological Society.

subset: commoncrawl


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Moderator: Bill Glasheen
Valkenar wrote:many here seems to think I always give liberals a pass. Maybe you guys should start posting unmitigated praise for Obama for me to oppose.
Wall Street Journal - OPINION wrote:Rand Paul's Drone Rant
Give Rand Paul credit for theatrical timing. As a snow storm descended on Washington, the Kentucky Republican's old-fashioned filibuster Wednesday filled the attention void on Twitter and cable TV. If only his reasoning matched the showmanship.
Shortly before noon, Senator Paul began a talking filibuster against John Brennan's nomination to lead the CIA. The tactic is rarely used in the Senate and was last seen in 2010. But Senator Paul said an "alarm" had to be sounded about the threat to Americans from their own government. He promised to speak "until the President says, no, he will not kill you at a café." He meant by a military drone. He's apparently serious, though his argument isn't.
Senator Paul had written the White House to inquire about the possibility of a drone strike against a U.S. citizen on American soil. Attorney General Eric Holder replied that the U.S. hasn't and "has no intention" to bomb any specific territory. Drones are limited to the remotest areas of conflict zones like Pakistan and Yemen. But as a hypothetical Constitutional matter, Mr. Holder acknowledged the President can authorize the use of lethal military force within U.S. territory.
This shocked Senator Paul, who invoked the Constitution and Miranda rights. Under current U.S. policy, Mr. Paul mused on the floor, Jane Fonda could have been legally killed by a Hellfire missile during her tour of Communist Hanoi in 1972. A group of noncombatants sitting in public view in Houston may soon be pulverized, he declared.
Calm down, Senator. Mr. Holder is right, even if he doesn't explain the law very well. The U.S. government cannot randomly target American citizens on U.S. soil or anywhere else. What it can do under the laws of war is target an "enemy combatant" anywhere at anytime, including on U.S. soil. This includes a U.S. citizen who is also an enemy combatant. The President can designate such a combatant if he belongs to an entity—a government, say, or a terrorist network like al Qaeda—that has taken up arms against the United States as part of an internationally recognized armed conflict. That does not include Hanoi Jane.
Such a conflict exists between the U.S. and al Qaeda, so Mr. Holder is right that the U.S. could have targeted (say) U.S. citizen Anwar al-Awlaki had he continued to live in Virginia. The U.S. killed him in Yemen before he could kill more Americans. But under the law Awlaki was no different than the Nazis who came ashore on Long Island in World War II, were captured and executed.
The country needs more Senators who care about liberty, but if Mr. Paul wants to be taken seriously he needs to do more than pull political stunts that fire up impressionable libertarian kids in their college dorms. He needs to know what he's talking about.
Wall Street Journal wrote:Rand Paul Tops Field in Poll of Conservatives
Republican Sen. Rand Paul of Kentucky narrowly won a straw poll of thousands of conservatives Saturday at the annual Conservative Political Action Conference.
Mr. Paul, listed on the ballot with 23 other political figures, picked up 25% of the vote, CPAC organizers announced Saturday evening. Florida Sen. Marco Rubio was a close second-place pick, with 23%. Former GOP presidential candidate Rick Santorum came in third, with 8% of the vote.
Mr. Paul's victory was fitting for a conference that tends to draw young GOP activists with a libertarian streak. More than half of the nearly 3,000 who voted were ages 18-25.
Regarding your editorial "Rand Paul's Drone Rant" (March 7): The problem isn't simply the president's ability to kill U.S. citizens on U.S. soil, which everyone acknowledges may be an important tool of the commander in chief if he is faced with an immediate threat and no practical ability to effect a capture. The problem is that the president would like to determine these definitions at his sole discretion (and the leaked white paper suggests that "immediate threat" and "ability to capture" could mean anything he decides those terms mean) and doesn't want to acknowledge that his actions may be limited by the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution, which guarantees due process to all U.S. citizens.
Forget the specifics of today's situation. Mr. Paul's most important point is that once this precedent is set, it can be expanded and subject to misuse in the future. Who will be president in 20 years? How do we know he won't broadly define the country's enemies as his own political opponents? Even the current administration has released memos defining potential terrorists as people who are pro-life, own guns or publicly advocate adherence to the Constitution. The Republican establishment has once again showed itself to be nothing but shortsighted careerists.
Richard Masson
Lexington, KY
Bill Glasheen wrote:
The young Dr. Paul is almost as quintessentially libertarian as you get in the group of individuals who choose to run Republican
Inner cover notes wrote:There was a time when perfectly rational people with a grasp of economics and foreign policy controlled the G.O.P. How did the party of Lincoln become the party of lunatics? That is what this book aims to answer. Fear not, the Dems come in for their share of tough talk — they are timid shadow of Jefferson and FDR.
Mike Lofgren was once a proud Republican. In the early eighties, he came from Ohio for what he thought would be a short stint on Capitol Hill. Last summer (2011) he finally stepped down, exasperated by the circus of the debt-ceiling debate. He channeled his frustration into an incisive indictment of Washington, which was posted on Truthout and read by millions.
The Party is Over is a rousing manifesto for the growing number of Americans who are disgusted with politics and fed up with the pandering to corporate interests. Money has corroded Washington so completely that banks, defense contractors, and the multinationals routinely shoehorn their corporate wish lists into every bill, and it is virtually impossible to get anything done.
Lofgren is a refreshingly skeptical insider who understands how the system works, and knows its dirty secrets. He offers clear suggestions for how to break through the gridlock; let's hope there are enough grownups left in Washington to listen.
Glenn wrote:Question Bill, why is that Libertarians with any name recognition always run as Republicans?
Inner cover notes wrote:There was a time when perfectly rational people with a grasp of economics and foreign policy controlled the G.O.P. How did the party of Lincoln become the party of lunatics? That is what this book aims to answer. Fear not, the Dems come in for their share of tough talk — they are timid shadow of Jefferson and FDR.
Democratic-Republicans split over the choice of a successor to President James Monroe, and the party faction that supported many of the old Jeffersonian principles, led by Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren, became the Democratic Party
The Democratic Party is often called "the party of Jefferson,"[22][23][24] while the modern Republican Party is often called "the party of Lincoln."
The Party of Jefferson and Jackson without Mr. Jackson
The Democratic Party has been in business for nearly as long as The United States has been in business independently, rather than as a subsidiary of Great Britain, Inc. It has succeeded to continue on, despite its recent Post WW II, Leftist deracination. It has done so as an alliance between intellectual (Jeffersonian) thinkers and proletariat, salt-of-the-Earth working people. These working Americans are the Jacksonians.
This alliance gave the Democrats a powerful combination of weapons with which they could bludgeon foes. The Jeffersonian Wing gave the party a sense of intellectual engagement and ideological "fashion." It kept them on the cutting edge of modernity.
The Jacksonians gave them things more visceral, real, and emotional. The Jacksonians came to be legion. They gave the Democrats a quantity that is a quality all its own. They gave the party grounding in reality. They gave it something else, more important. They gave the Democratic Party a culture and a soul. Norman Rockwell painted Jacksonian Democrats.
Now the Jeffersonians have deliberately attenuated that connection between the two. They now seem embarrassed to have Jacksonians around the table at The Annual Jefferson-Jackson Day Dinner. People with a culture and a soul cling to things. They are the Grass Roots to whom intelligent leaders of political movements needed to carry their message. But as Walter Russell Mead points out in his famous essay "The Jacksonian Tradition," they do certain things that quite frankly scare the modern incarnation of the Jeffersonian Democrat.
Wikipedia wrote:The Democratic-Republican Party was the political party organized by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in 1791-93. It stood in opposition to the Federalist Party and controlled the Presidency and Congress, and most states, from 1801 to 1824, during the First Party System. It split after the 1824 presidential election into two parties: the Democratic Party and the short-lived National Republican Party (later succeeded by the Whig Party, many of whose adherents eventually founded the modern Republican Party).
Most contemporaries called it the Republican Party. Today, political scientists typically use the hyphenated version while historians usually call it the "Republican Party" or the Jeffersonian Republicans, to distinguish it from the modern Republican Party, which was founded in 1854 and named after Jefferson's party.
The organization formed first as an "Anti-Administration" secret meeting in the national capital (Philadelphia) to oppose the programs of Secretary for the Treasury Alexander Hamilton. Jefferson needed to have a nationwide party to counteract the Federalists, a nationwide party organized by Hamilton. Foreign affairs took a leading role in 1794-95 as the Republicans vigorously opposed the Jay Treaty with Britain, which was then at war with France. Republicans saw France as more democratic after its revolution, while Britain represented the hated monarchy. The party denounced many of Hamilton's measures (especially the national bank) as unconstitutional.
The party was strongest in the South and weakest in the Northeast; it favored states' rights and the primacy of the yeoman farmers. Republicans were deeply committed to the principles of republicanism, which they feared were threatened by the supposed monarchical tendencies of the Hamiltonians/Federalists. The party came to power with the election of Jefferson in 1801.
Bill Glasheen wrote:do you *really* see Democrats fighting for states' rights
Glenn wrote:Regarding states' rights, Jefferson went overboard with some of his shenanigans in that respect, particularly the "Kentucky Resolutions" that he authored or co-authored while Vice President (secretly, because he would have been charged with treason if his involvement had come to light). If these and the "Virginia Resolution" (authored secretly by James Madison, co-founder with Jefferson of the Democratic-Republican Party) had passed there was concern that civil war and/or the dissolution of the country would result. Fortunately most at the time realized the danger giving the states too much power over the federal government posed to the long-term continuance of the country and the states, it had not been that long since they had replaced the Articles of Confederation with the Constitution just for that reason. All other states thoroughly rejected Jefferson and Hamilton's attempts. The issue divided Jeffersonian Democrats, not all of whom agreed with Jefferson's views about states rights.
Bill Glasheen wrote:These are opinions, Glenn, and not facts.
There is a constant dynamic tension between the federal vs. the state powers. There is no "right" way to do it. There is only the way it ends up, based on what the voters want and how the Supreme Court rules on the constitutionality of various laws.
You're implication that Jefferson's wishes were "treasonous" is fiction.
Wikipedia wrote:Jefferson's biographer Dumas Malone argued that the Kentucky resolution might have gotten Jefferson impeached for treason, had his actions become known at the time.
You want vitriole? Listen to those angry at Obama's overreach of federal powers with Obamacare. It passed the Supreme Court not because the justices ruled it legal to impose a federal mandate. Rather the justices ruled that Congress had the right to tax, and individuals still had the right to choose to participate - or not. An interesting twist on all this is that the entire thing can be rendered impotent by reducing or eliminating the tax. Certainly the very healthy/wealthy can choose to "self fund" and just pay the small tax imposed on them.
This dynamic tension between federal and state powers will never end, and will never stay static.
Back to my original point...
I'm quite familiar with the book you cited. I've read it, and am not impressed by it. Somehow we're to presume that there's a universal opinion that we're all to ascribe to. Ain't gonna happen. And the battle between various forces exist to protect the rights of various minority interests in this country. As George Will is want to say, the Founders designed not an efficient government, but rather a *safe* government. Gridlock is virtue and not vice.
Glenn wrote:You're becoming a one-issue broken record on this Bill, don't neglect all the other issues worth complaining about.
Glenn wrote:That book and the exasperation it represents may not speak to you, but it strikes a cord with many who are concerned about how gridlock and the corporate-led party interests fueling it are weakening the U.S.
Glenn wrote:What you are not seeing is that there is a segment of the population who are Americans first and Kentuckians or Virginians or Democrats or Republicans or whatever second, if that, and we are fed up with what all this division is doing to our country.
Bill Glasheen wrote:1) I am a published health services researcher, and am employed by a Fortune 100 health insurer which does business both in the commercial and Medicare Advantage sector. I've worked in the field for 20 years. I know more about health care delivery (and medicine as well) than Obama and Pelosi and Reid combined. Yea, I have an opinion or two on the matter.
Valkenar wrote:I don't doubt your expertise, but I think your vision of what makes a healthcare system great is different from what some of us think.
Valkenar wrote:you're pretty dismissive of people you perceive as being stupid.
Valkenar wrote: You have a pro-business bias
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The Raiders have looked far and wide for a long-term solution at quarterback since Rich Gannon retired after the 2004 season. Here is a glance at seven draft picks used on quarterbacks since 2006:
2007 – The Raiders selected JaMarcus Russell with the No. 1 pick of the 2007 NFL draft. He was released after only three seasons and posted a 7-18 record as a starter.
2010 – The Raiders traded a 2012 fourth-round draft pick to the Washington Redskins for Jason Campbell. He enjoyed moderate success in his two seasons.
2011 – The Raiders used a 2012 third-round draft pick so that they could select Terrelle Pryor in the third round of the NFL supplemental draft. He has started one game so far.
2011 – The Raiders traded a 2012 first-round draft pick and a 2013 second-rounder to the Cincinnati Bengals for Carson Palmer. He posted an 8-16 record as the starter.
2013 – The Raiders traded a 2014 fifth-round draft pick and a 2015 conditional draft pick to the Seattle Seahawks for Matt Flynn, who has made only two starts in his five-year NFL career.


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Drug-Eluting Stents vs. Bare Metal Stents In Saphenous Vein Graft Angioplasty (DIVA)
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01121224
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : May 12, 2010
Results First Posted : February 1, 2018
Last Update Posted : March 8, 2018
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- Study Results
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Patients who have undergone coronary bypass surgery have had a vein removed from the leg and implanted in the chest to "bypass" blockages in the coronary arteries. These veins are called saphenous vein grafts or SVGs. SVGs often develop blockages that can cause chest pain and heart attacks. SVG blockages can be opened by using small balloons and stents (metal coils that keep the artery open). Two types of stents are currently used: bare metal stents (BMS) and drug-eluting stents (DES). Both BMS and DES are made of metal. DES are also coated with a drug that releases into the wall of the blood vessel to prevent scar tissue from forming and re-narrowing the vessel. Both stents have advantages and disadvantages: DES require taking special blood thinners (called thienopyridines, such as clopidogrel or prasugrel) longer than bare metal stent and could have more bleeding but are also less likely to renarrow. Both BMS and DES are routinely being used in SVGs, but it is not known which one is better. Neither bare metal (except for an outdated model) nor drug-eluting stents are FDA approved for use in SVGs. The purpose of CSP#571 is to compare the outcomes after DES vs. BMS use in SVGs.
In CSP#571 patients who need stenting of SVG blockages will be randomized to receive DES or BMS in a 1:1 ratio. Per standard practice, patients will receive 12 months of an open label thienopyridine if they have acute coronary syndrome (ACS), or if they have another clinical reason for needing the medication. Patients without ACS who receive DES also need to take 12 months of a thienopyridine whether or not they are in the study, but non-ACS patients who receive a BMS do not. In order to make sure patients do not know which stent they received, non-ACS patients who received BMS will receive 1 month of open label thienopyridine followed by 11 months of blinded placebo, while those who received DES will receive 1 month of open label thienopyridine followed by 11 months of blinded clopidogrel, which is a thienopyridine.
All study patients will be followed in the clinic for at least 1 year after their stenting procedure to see if there is a difference in the rate of cardiac death, heart attack, or any procedure that is required in order to increase the flow of blood to and from the heart between the BMS and DES groups.
|Condition or disease
|Saphenous Vein Graft Atherosclerosis
|Device: Bare Metal Stent Device: Drug-Eluting Stent Drug: Blinded clopidogrel Drug: Placebo Drug: Thienopyridine (open-label)
|Phase 4
Show Detailed Description
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Actual Enrollment :
|597 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Parallel Assignment
|Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Outcomes Assessor)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|CSP #571 - Drug-eluting Stents vs. Bare Metal Stents in Saphenous Vein Graft Angioplasty (DIVA)
|Study Start Date :
|January 2012
|Actual Primary Completion Date :
|December 2016
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|December 2016
Active Comparator: BMS Group
Patients who receive a bare metal stent in the saphenous vein graft target lesion(s).
Device: Bare Metal Stent
Patients receive one or more bare metal stents in the saphenous vein graft target lesion.
Other Name: BMS
Drug: Placebo
For non-ACS patients with no other clinical indication for open-label thienopyridine who receive only BMS.
Drug: Thienopyridine (open-label)
For ACS patients who receive BMS or DES in their saphenous vein graft or patients for whom there is another clinical indication for open-label thienopyridine. Also for patients who receive a DES in a non-target lesion.
Experimental: DES Group
Patients who receive a drug-eluting stent in the saphenous vein graft target lesion(s).
Device: Drug-Eluting Stent
Patients receive one or more drug-eluting stents in the saphenous vein graft target lesion.
Other Name: DES
Drug: Blinded clopidogrel
For non-ACS patients with no other clinical indication for open-label thienopyridine who receive one or more DES in the target lesion.
Other Name: Plavix
Drug: Thienopyridine (open-label)
For ACS patients who receive BMS or DES in their saphenous vein graft or patients for whom there is another clinical indication for open-label thienopyridine. Also for patients who receive a DES in a non-target lesion.
- Number of Participants With Target Vessel Failure (TVF), Which Will be Defined as the Composite of Cardiac Death, Target Vessel Myocardial Infarction and Target Vessel Revascularization. [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
- Incremental Cost-effectiveness of DES Relative to BMS. [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
- Procedural Success and Complications (Post-procedural Myocardial Infarction and Post-procedural Bleeding). [ Time Frame: Index hospitalization ]
- Number of Participant Deaths (All Cause and Cardiac). All Deaths Will be Considered Cardiac Unless an Unequivocal Non-cardiac Cause Can be Established. [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
- Number of Participants With Myocardial Infarction (MI) After Discharge From the Initial Stenting Procedure. [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
- Number of Participants With Definite Stent Thrombosis as Defined Using the Academic Research Consortium (ARC) Definition [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Definite stent thrombosis will be considered to have occurred by either angiographic or pathologic confirmation.
Angiographic Confirmation of Stent Thrombosis will be defined as the presence of thrombus originating in a study stent, or in the segment 5mm proximal or distal to the stent AND fulfillment of at least one of the following 5 criteria within a 48 hour time window:
- Acute onset of ischemic symptoms at rest
- New ischemic ECG changes suggestive of acute ischemia
- Rise and fall of cardiac biomarkers
- Nonocclusive intracoronary thrombus seen in multiple projections, or persistence of contrast material within the lumen, or a visible embolization of intraluminal material downstream
- Occlusive intracoronary thrombus Pathological Confirmation of stent thrombosis will be defined as evidence of recent thrombus with the stent determined at autopsy or via examination of tissue retrieved following thrombectomy.
- Number of Participants With Target Vessel Revascularization (TVR) [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
- Patient-oriented and Device-oriented (for Target Lesion Failure) Composite Endpoints Will be Used as Secondary Outcomes as Proposed by Cutlip et al, and as Recommended in the Draft FDA Guidance for Industry Statement. [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
- In Patients Who Clinically Require Follow-up Angiography, Two Angiographic Endpoints Will be Assessed: (a) In-segment Binary Restenosis and (b) Angiographic Late In-segment Luminal Loss. [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
- Stroke. [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
- Incremental Cost-effectiveness Ratios (ICERs) for Subgroups of Patients, Such as Those With Highest Risk of Restenosis, Tallies of Cost by Type, and a Cost-outcomes Analysis Such as Cost Per Restenosis Avoided. [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
- In-stent Neointima Proliferation as Measured by Intravascular Ultrasonography. [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
- Number of Participants With Target Lesion Revascularization (TLR) [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
- Number of Participants With Target Vessel Myocardial Infarction [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
- Number of Participants With Any Revascularization [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
- Number of Participants With Definite or Probable Stent Thrombosis [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Definite stent thrombosis will be considered to have occurred by either angiographic or pathologic confirmation.
Probable Stent Thrombosis will clinically be considered to have occurred after index Saphenous Vein aortocoronary bypass Graft (SVG) stenting (the Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) immediately after randomization) in the following cases: a) any unexplained death within the first 30 days OR b) Irrespective of the time after the index procedure, any MI which is related to documented acute ischemia in the territory of the implanted stent without angiographic confirmation of stent thrombosis and in the absence of any other obvious cause.
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age 18 years
- Need for percutaneous coronary intervention of a 50-99% de novo SVG lesion that is between 2.25 and 4.5 mm in diameter and that is considered to cause clinical or functional ischemia
- Intent to use a distal embolic protection device
- Agrees to participate and to take prescribed medications as instructed
- Has provided informed consent and agrees to participate
Exclusion Criteria:
- Planned non-cardiac surgery within the following 12 months
- Presentation with an ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction
- Target SVG is the last remaining vessel or is the "left main" equivalent
- Any previous percutaneous treatment of the target lesion (with balloon angioplasty, stent, intravascular brachytherapy etc)
- Any previous percutaneous treatment of the target vessel (of a lesion different than the target lesion) within the prior 12 months
- Hemorrhagic diatheses, or refusal to receive blood transfusions
- Warfarin administration required for the next 12 months and patient considered to be at high risk of bleeding with triple anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy
- Recent positive pregnancy test, breast-feeding, or possibility of a future pregnancy (defined as no prior hysterectomy or as <5 years elapsing since last menstrual period)
- Coexisting conditions that limit life expectancy to less than 12 months
- History of an allergic reaction or significant sensitivity to drugs such as sirolimus, paclitaxel, zotarolimus, or everolimus included in various DES. History of an allergic reaction or significant sensitivity to L-605 cobalt chromium alloy (cobalt, silicon, chromium, tungsten, manganese, iron, nickel), F562 cobalt chromium alloy (cobalt, chromium, nickel), 316L surgical stainless steel (iron, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum), or MP35N cobalt-based alloy (cobalt, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, titanium, iron, silicon, and manganese), or components of the platinum chromium alloy stent.
- Allergy to clopidogrel in patients who do not present with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), where ACS is defined as cardiac ischemic symptoms occurring at rest and 1 of the following 3 criteria: electrocardiographic changes suggestive of ischemia (ST-segment elevation or depression 1 mm in 2 contiguous leads, or new left bundle branch block, or posterior myocardial infarction); positive biomarker indicating myocardial necrosis (troponin I or T or creatine kinase-MB greater than the upper limit of normal); or coronary revascularization performed during hospitalization triggered by the cardiac ischemic symptoms
- Participating in another interventional randomized trial (required condition for all CSP studies) for which dual enrollment with DIVA is not approved
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01121224
Show 25 Study Locations
|Study Chair:
|Emmanouil S Brilakis, MD PhD
|VA North Texas Health Care System Dallas VA Medical Center, Dallas, TX
|Study Chair:
|Subhash Banerjee, MD
|VA North Texas Health Care System Dallas VA Medical Center, Dallas, TX
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
|Responsible Party:
|VA Office of Research and Development
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01121224 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|May 12, 2010 Key Record Dates
|Results First Posted:
|February 1, 2018
|Last Update Posted:
|March 8, 2018
|Last Verified:
|February 2018
|Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:
|Plan to Share IPD:
Keywords provided by VA Office of Research and Development:
Saphenous vein graft
Percutaneous coronary intervention
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Vascular Diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists
Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists
Purinergic Antagonists
Purinergic Agents
Neurotransmitter Agents
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Physiological Effects of Drugs


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Behind the Scenes
I have been playing with my Holga shooting and scanning 120 film.
Here are some behind the scenes photos I snapped when shooting with Mark Weiss (makeup/hair) and models Samara (IMG) and Paige (APM).
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This product is currently sold out.
You can obtain status and/or reserve this item by contacting us. We can also be reached by calling toll free 1-866-326-9377 (Dialing from outside the US +01 314 772 3566) between 10AM and 6PM CST (-6 GMT).
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95% Cotton, 5% Elastane.
Machine wash cold, only non chlorine bleach when needed. Tumble dry low, cool iron if needed. Wash dark colors separately.
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This Sunday the 2014 VMA's will be airing on MTV and we are beyond excited! The VMA's are always the most exciting award show and the craziest things always go down. If the ceremony is anything like last year's, we are all in for a wild ride! Not only is the ceremony so outrageous and fun, but the red carpet style never ceases to amaze us! This is the award show where our favorite celebs take the most fashion risks and always have fun with their outfits. We know this weekend there will be a ton of pre-VMA parties and everyone will be rocking their sexy luxury swimwear!
The 2014 VMA's mark the one year anniversary of Miley Cyrus' infamous twerking performance with Robin Thicke and we cannot wait to see what she comes up with this year! Miley proved she was no longer a child star with this performance that no one could stop talking about for weeks. We know our girl is going to party this weekend and strut some amazing designer swimwear! We think the Sugar Rush bikini in coral would be the perfect look for Miley. This sexy color is sure to pop anywhere and make you stand out! Miley is never afraid to make a statement and this flirty bikini with gold hardware embodies her fun, bold style perfectly!
Our girl, Beyoncé is set to take the stage on Sunday and we couldn't be more excited! The Queen Bey would look amazing in the Summer Siren bikini! The all white bikini would be amazing on Beyoncé's tanned skin and with her new, long locks! Beyoncé has the most confidence and we know she loves to show off her amazing curves! The turquoise accents would add a unique touch to the look. Add some fun bangles to this look and channel your inner Sasha Fierce to rock this amazing bikini!
Nicki Minaj is another superstar that we cannot wait to see perform tomorrow. Everyone is talking about her hot new music video that proves just how confident she is! She is another celeb who loves her curves and has no problem showing the world. We think the Red Hot bikini is the perfect look to match Nicki's spicy personality! This solid red bikini is sure to turn heads! Nicki would definitely rock this bikini with her amazing curls and tanned skin to create the ultimate summer look! Stay tuned for all the madness this weekend!


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Keep your eye on the power supply
Monitor your data center's rack-level power distribution on-site or remotely with the Dell™ Metered PDU.
Sorry, this item is not available anymore for purchase online. Please see our recommended replacement product.
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Gain real-time equipment connectivity and load-balancing guidance through the local metering display with user-defined LED or LCD alarm warning indicator.
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In addition to the standard overload warning LED, opt for a backlit, two-color LCD that displays advanced power calculations by phase and PDU.
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Protect yourself with security protocols such as SSL, SSH, Telnet, SNMP, FTP, SMTP, Radius and an HTTP or HTTPS web-interface GUI, as well as two levels of user-access accounts.
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Make sure your purchase is ideal for your needs by visiting www.dellpdu.com for in-depth system-configuration guidance.
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Receive reports on power and environmental parameters, and get automated alerts when thresholds have been exceeded.


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GPO, Melbourne, VIC
Shop till you drop in Australia's markets, mega malls, warehouses and high-end boutiques. Discover Australian designers in Melbourne's hidden laneways or trawl Surry Hills in Sydney for retro chic. Shop up a sub-tropical storm in Brisbane's Queen Street Mall or browse at least 500 stores in Rundle Mall in Adelaide. Soak up the atmosphere of Fremantle Markets, near Perth, or the Saturday markets in Hobart's historic Salamanca Place. Shop beneath the palm trees on Darwin's Smith Street Mall or hit the huge shopping centre in Canberra's Civic. Shops are generally open until 6pm, with late night shopping offered either Thursdays or Fridays. You're covered by Australia's consumer protection laws which require businesses to treat you fairly.


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The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) has a history of concern regarding diversity issues within its membership, and in the professions of speech-language pathology and audiology. Among ASHA's concerns has been: 1) the need to recruit and retain greater numbers of racial/ethnic minorities in the professional disciplines, 2) the delivery of services to culturally and linguistically diverse clients, and 3) the need for multicultural competence in communication disorders. Each of these concerns has been addressed by the association in model approaches, position papers, demographic research and related endeavors over the past quarter century.
Currently, ASHA is engaged in a multi-strategy initiative aimed at developing programs and services to address these issues. One such initiative has been the identification of exemplary practices at institutions of higher education in the recruitment, retention and career transition of racial/ethnic minorities to the professions of speech-language pathology and audiology. The following is an overview of the key elements of successful recruitment and retention practices within the discipline of Human Communication Sciences and Disorders. Academic administrators should review their programs for the presence/absence of these key elements to determine the potential for success in their recruitment/retention efforts. It is likely that not all of the elements as described will be present in any given academic institution; however, the inclusion of more of these elements is expected to correlate to a higher level of success for recruitment/retention efforts.
Additional information on how these elements have been implemented in CSD programs, and in other professions, can be found in related ASHA documents entitled A Compendium of Exemplary Practices by College and Universities in the Recruitment, Retention and Career Transition of Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) Professionals and Minority Student Recruitment, Retention and Career Transition Practices: A Review of the Literature.
Racial/ethnic minorities are significantly underrepresented in the communication disorders professions. [As of 2002, approximately 92.4% of all ASHA members were white and not of Hispanic origin with only 2.7% reported as black or African American and 2.3% reported as Hispanic or Latino. The remainder of ASHA members may fall into multiracial or other categories. At the same time the National Health Interview Survey indicates that there is a greater prevalence of speech and hearing disorders among racial/ethnic minorities than among whites, and goes on to estimate that 6.2 million culturally and linguistically diverse Americans have a communication disorder (National Center for Health Statistics, 1996).
According to the Council of Academic Programs in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CAPCSD) 2000-2001 Survey of Undergraduate and Graduate Programs , CLD students comprised 9% of the undergraduate student population, 11% of master's and approximately 12% of doctoral students. CAPCSD also reported that the 11% of minority master's students who enrolled in 2000-2001 represented the highest number in the history of the discipline. Although there has been a modest increase in the number of minority students over the last several decades, the number of clinicians with the knowledge, skills and competencies to meet the growing clinical demands of CLD populations with communication disorders is not sufficient. Efforts by some colleges and universities in the past two decades have resulted in some gains in the number of minority students entering and completing CSD studies and then moving through the certification process to assume CSD careers. While these gains have failed to keep pace with the diversity now present among the consumers of speech, language and hearing services, the efforts are noteworthy for their potential to suggest effective practices for increasing racial/ethnic minority enrollment across programs.
These statistics are problematic for ASHA. A lack of diversity among our membership will limit our ability to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse client population. Additionally, the association has accepted the notion that there is increased credibility in having a membership body that is representative of the populations served, and ascribes to the well-documented philosophy of the benefits of diversity. A consistent finding of research related to diversity is that including diverse perspectives can generate more creative and innovative ideas. Also, diversity of thought leads to new modes of thinking and more efficient ways of accomplishing things. These are benefits ASHA strives to achieve.
Increasing opportunities for racial/ethnic minorities in speech-language and audiology is an admirable and much needed objective. Not only will such an increase assist in reversing the current under-representation, but it also stands to improve the overall quality of services being provided to individuals from CLD backgrounds with communication disorders. Heightened sensitivity and awareness is generally inherent to common cultural identification and can be integrated into clinical training and practice, along with an increased understanding of cultural and familial practices and behaviors. Adding to the current professional pool more minority professionals as role models and mentors will also serve as a foundation for future recruitment efforts. These professional relationships typically result in the proliferation of research, assessment and therapeutic techniques, and philosophies relative to communication disorders within minority populations.
Successful recruitment, retention and career transition of diverse students appears to occur in conjunction with a number of distinct, identifiable, and vital elements. While "indispensable" may be too strong a word to describe these elements, the degree to which they are present in an institution, program or activity adds to their ability to address diversity and multicultural objectives. Those program components included:
The president, trustees and others in the leadership ranks display a genuine interest in educating a racially and ethnically diverse student population and this is manifested in the policies and procedures of the institution. Additionally, the value and benefit of increased campus diversity to the institution as a whole is a cornerstone of this commitment-shared by faculty and staff, and endorsed by students.
The faculty displays an understanding of the importance of the institution's commitment to diversity, for maintaining the viability of the program as it competes with other departments at the institution, and other universities, for the best students from an increasingly diverse student pool. These faculty work to ensure these interests are woven into the curriculum and serve as principles in the recruitment and retention of students. Beyond quality teaching and addressing of diversity and multicultural matters in the classroom, the faculty also actively engage in related activities outside of the formal classroom environment, such as tutoring, mentoring, and helping students establish networks and build relationships that lead to greater academic achievement and career success.
The institution is actively engaged in providing programs and services that facilitate the educational and career development of its students. Students are granted financial assistance to engage and continue in their studies through the provision of scholarships, grants, work-study, tuition wavers, loans and loan forgiveness programs. Further, underrepresented students appreciate a campus climate or culture that is psychologically and emotionally supportive from the onset of their studies through graduation.
Professions and institutions recognize the importance of age, grade level, and life experience in the design and delivery of programs and services. Early intervention programs are effectively used with middle/junior high school students. Older students and adult career-changers are exposed to appropriate age and experience level approaches. Recruitment strategies aimed at achieving the goals of the diversity program are designed specifically for the racial/ethnic groups they are attempting to reach. Finally, once engaged in their studies, students are supported with retention activities that will ensure their success in the classroom and career services that will help them make the transition to the workplace.
An examination of the colleges and universities that are experiencing the greatest success in recruiting minority students to CSD studies and responding to the diversity and multicultural concerns of the profession, indicates that they have woven a number of specific elements into effective stratagems. These elements are present in varying degrees in the programs that are profiled in the Compendium of Exemplary Practices by CSD Programs in the Recruitment, Retention and Career Transition of Racial/Ethnic Minorities .
The components that were present in successful CSD programs have been divided into recruitment, retention and career transition elements:
The first step in the process of increasing the numbers of minority students is rooted in the recruitment and admission practices of the institutions, specifically within the CSD programs themselves. The following elements were commonly found in institutions or programs successful in recruiting minority students:
CSD departments with successful recruitment programs made a concerted effort to make prospective students, particularly minority students, aware of CSD career possibilities. Programs were identified that served a range of ages, educational levels and consumers, from early awareness programs for elementary and middle schools students to those created for undergraduate students and career-changers, including veterans. Resisting the "one size fits all" approach, different messages and communication strategies were utilized with varying groups.
CSD programs that have achieved success in addressing their diversity and multicultural objectives placed a very high premium on outreach and awareness. In implementing these programs, they sought to enhance public awareness of CSD and the role which speech-language pathologists and audiologists play in treating communication disorders. When one-third of caseloads in various settings are comprised of racial/ethnic minorities, it is critical that these consumers are the subject of concentrated outreach efforts.
From traditional print media to creative uses of electronic technologies (e.g., Web sites, chat rooms, electronic newsletters, etc.) a number of CSD programs have become assertive in the development and delivery of information to prospective students. These resources range from materials that define admission/academic requirements, to those that answer career questions. Following the lead of ASHA, a number of these programs have created materials that depict minorities in photos, posters and illustrations, thus using subtle images to depict the inclusion of minorities active in the classroom and at work in the professions.
Without compromising the admission requirements deemed necessary for success in CSD studies, institutions are discovering that traditional procedures may be discriminatory toward previously underserved and currently underrepresented minorities. In some instances, institutions and programs have simply modernized their admission and application procedures. It appears that increased flexibility in the admissions process may have an impact on a students' ability to connect with an institution. Those programs that have implemented electronic submissions of applications have generally seen an increase in applications overall. Thus some campus administrators are re-examining admissions standards and procedures, to determine the extent to which they may encourage diverse applicants. Some CSD departments are also experimenting with making admission procedures more adaptable, including holding personal interviews, allowing portfolio reviews, integrating writing samples, and increasing the importance of letters of recommendation, in lieu of heavily weighted GPA and GRE scores.
A number of institutions engaged in the preparation of CSD professionals have found positive results in working with specific undergraduate institutions in the identification and transition of prospective students to their graduate programs. Students enrolled at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (African American), Hispanic Serving Institutions (Hispanic /Latino) and Tribal Colleges (Native American) have been the beneficiaries of these collaborative efforts.
Within their individual institutions, CSD programs have found the TRIO programs (created by Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 and subsequent federal legislation) to be an excellent pool of prospective minority students. These programs include Upward Bound, Talent Search, Equal Opportunity Centers, Upward Bound Math-Science, Student Support Services, Veteran's Upward Bound and Ronald E. McNair Post-Baccalaureate Achievement programs.
Attracting qualified and competent minority students to CSD programs must be followed by a systemwide initiative to ensure that each student achieves success. Following are the practices that are being utilized in support of this objective:
A number of CSD programs were found to have made significant adjustments to their curriculum to address the multicultural issues that clinicians will face in a diverse work environment. These modifications ranged from the structuring of externship and practicum experiences to include opportunities to practice in diverse settings and work with minority clients, to the opportunity to study languages that would be required in bilingual and multilingual settings. The opportunity for students to engage in research activities, especially when that work was related to diversity and multicultural populations, was also viewed as contributing to the overall learning experience of CSD students.
One of the strongest elements in the retention of minority students in CSD studies has been the role of faculty in providing support throughout the learning experience. Faculty must first do an effective job in the classroom, but this project found that minority student success was positively affected by faculty members displaying a caring and sensitive interest in their success, a characteristic that extended beyond the classroom. Further, the presence of a diverse CSD faculty in and of itself served to encourage and support minority students.
In the institutions with exemplary practices, minority students were afforded mentoring and tutoring opportunities to help them address knowledge, skill acquisition and related competency issues as they progressed through their formal studies. These support activities were provided mostly by faculty, but often by experienced students, alumni or CSD professionals in the community.
Minority students are less likely than their majority counterparts to have racial/ethnic "role models" in the CSD professions, making early and ongoing networking opportunities an important element in how students relate their experiences in the classroom to the CSD workplace. Effective networking involves encouraging student membership in professional organizations, field observations, informal professional forums on campus and any related experiences that expose the student to the people and the environments they are preparing to enter.
Similar to the collaboration activities referenced in the recruitment section above, CSD programs wishing to support minority students utilize a variety of campus services and resources to achieve this end. Working with campus-wide tutoring and mentoring programs, minority student organizations, and TRIO programs (e.g., Student Support Services, Ronald E. McNair Post-Baccalaureate Achievement, etc.) are a few examples of how CSD programs act jointly with existing campus services and resources to facilitate minority student achievement and success.
The most glaring deficiency in the review of CSD programs and their ability to serve minority students was observed in programs intended to assist students in their transition from school to the Clinical Fellowship, the supervised work experience required for ASHA certification. Similar deficiencies in services to minority students can also be found in other professions. While career counseling and placement services are usually shared with, or relegated to, the career services program or career placement center, the very nature of the Clinical Fellowship requires greater involvement by CSD faculty and staff.
The most effective career transition practices are those that include the following elements:
Minority students, as well as their majority counterparts, may require assistance in preparing for the examination that is required to achieve ASHA certification status. Racial/ethnic minority students have not historically scored as high on the ASHA Praxis exam as their white counterparts. Elements that are most effective in increasing exam performance are covered in detail online.
As students near the end of their formal education, the institution and the CSD program should be available to provide assistance in the identification of Clinical Fellowship opportunities. Many of these positions will become known through the networking opportunities afforded students during their educational experience. Others will result from the personal counseling and consultation afforded students by faculty and staff. Further, students should be guided in how to conduct job searches.
The institution and program should make a concerted effort to assist students in addressing the tasks associated with finding employment in CSD careers. Whether provided on an individual or group basis, CSD students should have access to services that teach them how to develop a resume, participate in a job interview, and other appropriate job acquisition tasks. The CSD program, in collaboration with the institution career services office, should tailor these services to meet the specific needs of minority students.
Using a cookbook metaphor, presented herein are the ingredients present in the programs that have been effective in the recruitment, retention and transition of minority students to professions in general and more specifically to careers in speech-language pathology and audiology. The creative chef will tinker with these ingredients, not straying too far from the core elements, in the preparation of his/her personal recipe.
So it must be with institutions of higher education and communication disorder programs. A commitment to the inclusion of racial/ethnic minorities must be followed by a comprehensive and articulated series of strategies that will achieve the stated diversity and multicultural goals. The inclusion of the elements cited in this report will point institutions and CSD programs in that direction.
The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) is the national professional, scientific, and credentialing association for 198,000 members and affiliates who are audiologists; speech-language pathologists; speech, language, and hearing scientists; audiology and speech-language pathology support personnel; and students.
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Ancestry.com provided this update in today's email:
Change in Episode Schedule
NBC has altered a few of the Who Do You Think You Are? episode dates. The updated schedule is as follows:
- April 2nd – Brooke Shields
- April 9th – Sarah Jessica Parker (Repeat)
- April 16th – No episode
- April 23rd – Susan Sarandon
- April 30th – Spike Lee


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Europe's Week Ahead: Bernanke in the Spotlight
The debate of when and how the Fed will start reducing liquidity is intensifying. Any comments by Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke and other Fed officials will be in the spotlight; China and Portugal will also be key.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
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Linked by Thom Holwerda on Tue 11th Jun 2013 08:10 UTC
Sony just won the console war for this generation. Not only is the PS4 going to be cheaper, Sony's CEO gloated on stage last night at E3 with the biggest possible grin as he detailed that all that nonsensical DRM crap that Microsoft is pulling, like blocking used games sales and stuff like that? Yeah, Sony's PS4 will have none of that. Sony even made an instructional video to explain how sharing games works.
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RE[2]: Damn you Sony!
by lucas_maximus on Tue 11th Jun 2013 22:42 UTC in reply to "RE: Damn you Sony!"
RE[3]: Damn you Sony!
by slashdev on Wed 12th Jun 2013 10:25 in reply to "RE[2]: Damn you Sony!"
Nobody f--king ever mentions Steam, which is the same f--king thing.
Guess what it hasn't hurt it.
Guess what it hasn't hurt it.
Steam is similar, but there are some stark differences:
Steam has competition
-There will be none on the Xbox One
Steam doesnt own the platform
-My PC is my own, I didnt pay Steam $499 for the right to use my PC
Steam has offline mode
-Xbox one will require a callback every 24 hours or your games will be disabled
Steam's online match making is free
-Xbox one is $50/year (so far)
Steam Games has a track record of lowering prices far below retail within months
-Xbox live Games on Demand does not, there are still way to many full games that track retail disc based pricing (some years after release). One funny example is there are games that have PC releases...and on steam they are 80%+ cheaper than the Games On Demand version
Now there are some things that are actually BETTER than Steam:
Microsoft will allow up to 10 people to play your games simultaneously.
-Steam only allows one person per account
Microsoft will allow said 10 people to play on any xbox simultaneously
-Steam allows only one person, on one single PC at a time
Microsoft will allow you to trade/sell games (publishers may charge a fee)
-Steam has never had this option, though some have had success selling their entire accounts off
Microsoft will let you add traded or USED games
-Steam no such luck
Edited 2013-06-12 10:30 UTC


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Small Wind Certification Council Works to Ensure Wind Industry's Credibility
May 1, 2013
Audio with Brent Summerville, Small Wind Certification Council technical director (MP3 2.7 MB). Download Windows Media Player. Time: 00:02:57.
Farms and wind energy have a rich history together, according to Small Wind Certification Council Technical Director Brent Summerville. He says farmers are comfortable investing in equipment that will pay for itself and they understand how to keep the technology running for many years. Since farms and ranches generally use a lot of energy, Summerville says farmers and ranchers should care about small-scale distributed wind energy because it offers a way to generate on-site power to offset some of that electricity usage.
"Energy prices are volatile and a small wind turbine on the farm is a hedge against rising energy costs. Since the fuel that drives the wind turbine is free, investing in a wind turbine locks in the energy cost for the life of the turbine. Wind energy will be right for a farmer or rancher if they have a suitable wind resource and the space to install a wind turbine. The project will be successful if they choose a dealer-installer that can provide reliable support and if they choose a quality wind turbine. There are many successful case studies of farmers who have installed 10-, 20-, 50-, and 100-kilowatt wind turbines to save money on energy and help ensure the sustainability of the farm."
The Small Wind Certification Council has received startup funding from the U.S. Department of Energy, several state agencies, and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The Council's mission is to help prevent unethical marketing and false claims, according to Summerville, ensuring consumer protection and wind industry credibility.
"SWCC helps the farmer choose a quality wind turbine by providing a list of turbines that we have certified to meet national standards. We also publish easy-to-understand consumer labels with ratings for power, energy, and sound, which enables comparison shopping."
Wind certification is required for state incentives, which Summerville says is the driving force in the United States. In fact, he says state agencies were some of the biggest supporters of the certification program in place now. In the past, each state had its own method of determining eligibility for its small wind incentive program, but Summerville says many state agencies have worked together to form a list of eligible wind turbines through the development of the Interstate Turbine Advisory Council.
"Certification provides them greater confidence that small wind turbines installed with public assistance have been tested for safety, function, performance, and durability, and meet the requirements of standards. Federally, certification is not currently a requirement for the tax credit. The Distributed Wind Energy Association is working directly with U.S. Treasury on the requirements for the tax credit. Now that the list of certified turbines is growing, we are close to having this requirement in the tax code."
Summerville says small wind turbines have a great potential to serve increasing demands and provide a cost effective solution for many rural homes, farms, schools, and other end-users.
—Julie Jones


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DES MOINES, Iowa (June 23, 2013) – Junior ETSU jumper Tyler Stepp (Dandridge, Tenn.) concluded his season on Sunday afternoon, as the Buccaneer All-American wrapped up competition at the 2013 USA Track & Field Championships from Drake Stadium, located on the campus of Drake University.
With the top three finishers advancing to IAAF World Championships this August in Moscow, Stepp placed 14th overall with a mark of 7.54m in the long jump.
The Championships, which brought together the best athletes from the collegiate and professional levels, saw 2012 U.S. Olympic Team member Georgia Kitchens Jr. claim the long jump title with a leap of 8.23m.
Overall, Stepp – the Atlantic Sun Indoor and Outdoor long jump champion – put the finishing touches on an outstanding campaign on Sunday. Stepp was named Second Team All-American after finishing ninth at the NCAA Championships, two weeks ago in Eugene, Ore.
In the end, head coach George Watts was proud of Stepp's effort and is pleased where his program is headed.
"I am pleased with Tyler's performance today," said coach Watts. "It was a great opportunity for him to compete against the very best in the USA and will help him set new goals for the coming year. We made great strides this year as a program and I know our kids are excited about improving on their performances in the coming year."
For more information on Buccaneer track and field, visit ETSUBucs.com and click on the track and field link.