text:
The school start time surveys were delivered to all staff, parents
and students in the district on December 3, 2014. The parent surveys ask
about children sleep patterns and preferences for school start times.
The staff surveys ask about student performance and student habits that
may be related to sleep patterns. The surveys closed on December 12.
Survey Reports:
Elementary Staff
Elementary Parents
Secondary Staff
Secondary Parents
Secondary Students
Montgomery County Public Schools does not discriminate in its programs and activities for reasons of race, religion, color, gender, national origin, disability, age, or on any other basis prohibited by law. The following persons have been designated to handle inquiries regarding non-discrimination policies:
Director of Human Resources and Assistant Superintendent for Operations
750 Imperial Street SE, Christiansburg, VA 24073
(540) 382-5100


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One Year at Mozilla
July 20, 2012
I started at Mozilla on this same date last year. It was a Wednesday and I was a bit scared. Fast forward 365 days and here I am completing my first year in the company! Wow, time really flies! I've already written about my experience in the first 238 days at Mozilla and the same points still apply. Maybe it's a good time to make a quick summary of what I've worked on in my first year.
I was lucky to join Mozilla at the time the mobile front-end team was about to start working on the then-new XUL-based tablet UI. I implemented central parts of the UI such as the tabs side-pane and important pieces of the browser toolbar—besides the usual bug fixes. It was a nice way to get more familiar with XUL-based development. I also implemented things like HTML5 form validation front-end in XUL Fennec in the same period.
Around September last year, I volunteered to be Firefox Mobile's community steward. The first thing I did was to create an official Get Involved page and compile a list of good first bugs for new contributors. The response has been pretty good and I do want to dedicate a bit more time for contributor engagement in the near future.
Then in October, the Firefox Mobile team got together in Toronto to start working on the new native UI. On this front, I drove the development of core parts of the new UX including the AwesomeBar screen and the new start page. Furthermore, I led the implementation of important back-end components such as the Places database for Android (and respective test infrastructure) and the Remote Debugger support. As you probably know, I'm now working on Reader Mode.
Some quick stats: I joined Mozilla 365 days ago. Since then, I pushed 280 changesets, changed ~12,578 lines of code, fixed 150 bugs, gave 3 talks, travelled to 5 countries, and had a lot of fun. For my next year at Mozilla, I want to focus on bootstrapping more exciting features that differentiate Firefox Mobile from competitors—Reader Mode being the first of them.
I have no doubts that my next year at Mozilla will be filled with even more awesomeness!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Posted 1.22.2013
"April is the cruellest month" according to the poet T.S. Eliot. Maybe he was thinking about Tax Day, which falls on April 15. If that date fills you with dread, take heart: the CWRU chapter of Beta Alpha Psi (the academic organization for accounting students) may be able to help. As part of the IRS' Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) Program, volunteers will be on hand at the Weatherhead School of Management to prepare and file tax returns--free of charge--this spring.
Chen Jacobson, MAcc 2013, is vice president of community service for Beta Alpha Psi and is organizing the program this year. This is the first year that Beta Alpha Psi has taken charge of the program, but volunteers at Weatherhead have participated in the program for many years. Understandably, it is a hit with many in the CWRU community.
Some 70% of the program's clients, Jacobson says, are CWRU staff or students, often people who have recently moved to the U.S. Volunteers with foreign language skills (Jacobson speaks Chinese and Spanish in addition to English, and reads Portuguese) are therefore very welcome.
And you don't have to be an accounting major--anyone can participate by attending a six-hour training session on January 26 with an instructor from the Cuyahoga Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) Coalition, a community group dedicated to the VITA Program. No prior experience is necessary, Jacobson says: "The training offers everything you need to know to get certified."
You might even discover a new career path.
Jacobson is a case in point. She graduated from college in Beijing with a degree in Spanish and got a job at PwC after talking with a recruiter at her university.
"When I started, I had no idea what an audit was," Jacobson recalls. She quickly found that she enjoyed auditing work, although she prefers working on individual tax returns. "I love individual tax returns because there's lots of interaction with your clients," she says. She will begin a full-time position with Ernst and Young after graduating in May.
If you share Jacobson's interest in tax preparation, get in touch, because Beta Alpha Psi wants to expand their VITA Program this year.
"This is a great way to get real-world experience that you can put on your resume," she says. "It's also a great opportunity to make a difference and give back to your community."
On the other hand, if you are among the tax-phobic, you may be eligible to take advantage of nine tax preparation sessions to be held on Fridays in February, March and April in the Peter B. Lewis Building. Volunteers usually complete a simple tax return in about an hour.
To volunteer, contact Janice Liu at 216.785.1790 or Bairong Zhang at 216.678.0831.
To find out more about the service, sign up at www.surveymonkey.com/s/LCFVF99 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Interested in learning more about Weatherhead programs? Request more information or apply now, or register for one of over 70 open enrollment courses through Executive Education.
Weatherhead School of Management at Case Western Reserve University cultivates creativity, innovation, and purpose-driven leadership to design a better world.


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I might be a worrier to the wart degree, it's true. I will sit here and obsess about diseases that no one has had for decades, using already tired search engines that don't have any new answers for me since I asked the last time about the plague and polio. There's no sense and no reason to it, and it isn't like I ever truly suffer from symptoms, but oh how I love to worry and complain.
My worry is a distant relative to my superstition. There's a witchcraft to it, like if I worry over a thing, it is the key to its prevention. I will not be hit head on by the tragedy if I worry about it, or at the very least, since I have obsessed so much on it that it wouldn't be so bad in the end because I have acclimatized myself to the idea. Worry wins every time.
And the thing never happens. So why worry? I don't know. It's fun. What else would I do? Be happy? Meditate? I don't know if this worry isn't a meditation of a sort. There are worry beads, and they seem to be linked with meditation somehow so isn't that the same thing? Is each bead supposed to represent a specific worry. How many worries would you have if you had a whole string of them? Maybe you would have to make some up so that your beads wouldn't be wasted. Maybe worrying about not having enough worries for a whole string of worry beads is also a valid concern. Or it's possible to have too many worries for just one string of beads so you'd have to have numerous strands, falling in various lengths all over your body, like a belly dancer at the turn of the last century.


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Thermaltake Dr. Power II PSU Tester
So things aren't working right, your computer won't boot, and you just can't figure out what is going wrong. You don't have any spare parts laying around that work, so now what? Trouble-shooting has been and always will be a pain in the butt. Any time you get a bunch of new hardware and something doesn't work, it's testing one thing after the next when trying to determine what the problem is.
Thermaltake though, seems to be leading us down the right path with their new Dr. Power II, an ATX PSU tester that only needs your PSU to test it. Perhaps you have a rail that just isn't supplying enough power, or maybe your SATA drives aren't being powered at all. This quick tester can either confirm you've got a dead or dying PSU, or it can mark one item from your rig off as not the problem in only a matter of seconds.
Today we take a look at Thermaltake's Dr. Power II to see how it works and to check how well the PSU's I've got around here are working.
Closer Look:
The Dr. Power II comes in a small little box, something your old Game Boy classic might fit in. The packaging is printed in color with black, red, and white dominance, it also has a nice little hang tag for stores to use when displaying the tester. The front of the box gives you a quick peek at the large display and the back a quick glimpse at what parts you can test out, such as a 24-pin connector, PCI-E 6 pin or 8 pin, SATA, 4 pin Molex, and a CPU 4 pin or 8 pin connector. So regardless of the brand or model of PSU, the Dr. Power II ensures you can test it out.
The top of the box reads "Dr. Power II" as you are about to open it up, and I can't help but think of Dr. Mario. However, that's not quite what is inside the box. You'll open it up to find a brief instruction guide and a lightweight plastic device with a LCD panel and single button. No need for batteries though, that PSU of yours is what makes it work. That is if your PSU isn't completely dead.


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Summary of BBS Symposium -- 4/22/2005
Symposium: Considerations for Improving the North American Breeding Bird Survey Sampling Frame
Introduction – K. Pardieck
The purpose of this symposium is to serve as a starting point to discuss and prioritize the efficient use of BBS resources to increase sample size, improve coverage, and improve species trend estimates.
Presentations (See Appendix A for abstracts):
1) REFLECTIONS ON 40 YEARS OF BREEDING BIRD SURVEY. – C. Robbins (C. Robbins ill; presented by B. Peterjohn)
3) PRACTICAL BBS SAMPLING CONSIDERATIONS WHEN USING VOLUNTEERS. – B. Ortego
4) THE NORTH AMERICAN BREEDING BIRD SURVEY: CREDIBLE, OR NOT? – J. Sauer
5) OPTIMISING SAMPLING EFFORT ON REMOTE ROUTES. – B. Collins
6) SAMPLE SIZE GOALS FOR MONITORING NORTH AMERICAN NONGAME BIRDS. – J. Bart
A. Royle
Facilitated discussion:
Facilitator -- Ken Rosenberg,
The preceding talks served well to outline some of the contemporary challenges facing the BBS. The intention of this session was to discuss and explore future approaches and possible solutions to the aforementioned issues.
Discussion Summary (See appendix 1 for meeting notes.):
- Noise, traffic, and route retirement/replacement:
- New route additions
- Detection
Post-meeting discussion identified the need to conduct a BBS Strategic Planning meeting to more clearly define the 5-year goals of the BBS, prioritize action items, and identify resource needs for accomplishing them. The meeting is currently scheduled to take place in Laurel, Md. November 15-16, 2005.
APPENDIX A. Presentation abstracts in order of appearance.
Reflections on 40 Years of Breeding Bird Survey.
After reviewing the history of monitoring in
1966, the BBS in
BBS SAMPLING CONSIDERATIONS WHEN USING VOLUNTEERS. Brent Ortego,
Although rigorously designed and recognized as needed by many ornithologists, the BBS lacked popular support within the wildlife management community during its early years. As decades passed, data were shown to be closely related to actual population trends for many species and the BBS was accepted as a very useful survey of breeding birds across landscapes. As we turned the corner on year 2000, the BBS was regularly used by Partners in Flight, conservation organizations, and public agencies for conservation planning. The national BBS office has assisted greatly with the use of BBS by providing greater data availability and a variety of analytical tools to interpret data, but at the same time the national office needs to strengthen its leadership role in implementing and refining the BBS. For example, a programmatic review of the BBS is needed to determine if adequate sample sizes are conducted -- within strata, by species, or by habitat. Cost effective studies are needed to determine what magnitude of effort it will take to successfully monitor select species. Many state agencies are developing plans for all birds, they need information on adequate sample sizes, and whether it is warranted to increase samples via paid staff or increased volunteer efforts to obtain data needed.
A survey was conducted this spring of state BBS coordinators asking questions on how well does the BBS, the survey as well as the infrastructure/coordination supporting the survey, meet each state's monitoring conservation needs. Results from the survey will be summarized and discussed.
4) THE NORTH AMERICAN BREEDING BIRD SURVEY: CREDIBLE, OR NOT? John R. Sauer*, William A. Link, James D. Nichols, and J. Andrew Royle, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD 20708.
A schism exists in how the BBS is viewed within the conservation community. Some see the limitations of the survey as primarily logistical, while others reject the survey out of hand due to perceived limitations of the design. This schism must be resolved if the BBS is to be of use in the often contentious field of conservation biology. In this talk, I discuss a few of the issues associated with design and analysis of the BBS, and suggest some approaches to enhancing the credibility of the survey. One issue of particular relevance for discussion of the future of the survey is that of goals; modern survey uses require much more information than that provided by long-term trend estimates, and the presentation of survey results at temporal and spatial scales used in bird conservation places particular constraints on the survey. Field data indicate that detectability issues and roadside sampling invalidate the use of the BBS for population estimation and other goals relevant to conservation. Modifications to survey design can, and should, be implemented to enhance the value of the survey. Model-based approaches to survey analysis enhance the quality of the results by accommodating some features that likely bias survey estimates, permit better integration with modeling for management of habitat features, and help identify lingering uncertainties with survey results that may require modification of the design of the survey.
ON REMOTE ROUTES. B.T. Collins,
In remote areas there is often only a small roster of volunteers who can be assigned to BBS surveys but the target survey area may be extensive. In this situation there is need to design the survey to be as efficient as possible and there is an intuitive concern that a small number of sample sites may not adequately represent the target population. In this study, the potential to increase the surveyed area through running individual routes intermittently is examined through a simulation study. In the simulations, population change through either a change in density or a change in extent are examined to determine if the design would be suitable in both scenarios. However, designs with intermittent visits may be more susceptible to problems caused by missing observations or changing observers and this is also investigated.
6) SAMPLE SIZE GOALS FOR MONITORING NORTH AMERICAN NONGAME BIRDS. Jonathan Bart, USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Snake River Field Station, 970 Lusk St., Boise, ID 83706.
Reliable estimates of trend in
population size for birds are critical for effective wildlife management, but
they require long-term commitments and substantial resources. It is thus important to establish
quantitative targets for monitoring so that scarce resources can be allocated
efficiently. Work on quantitative goals
for long-term, large-scale surveys for nongame birds
began several years ago when the landbird, shorebird,
and waterbird initiatives established quantitative
goals for monitoring abundance. A year
ago, an analysis of Breeding Bird Survey routes was published which included
the number of BBS routes needed - both with and without measures to reduce
potential bias - to achieve the accuracy target for the majority of birds
well-surveyed by the BBS. This analysis
restricted consideration to the BBS even though many species are well-surveyed
by other programs too. As a result, a
new analysis is in progress that will include estimates of the accuracy of
trend estimates from multiple sources of information and the predicted overall
power that will result from combining the different trend estimates. This work will place the BBS estimates in
context with other, well-designed surveys and will provide, for the first time,
a comprehensive approach for monitoring the abundance of non-game bird
populations in
J.A. Royle* and J.R. Sauer,
Route selection in the North American Breeding Bird Survey is based on a quasi-stratified random sampling design motivated (in part) by the desire to achieve unbiased estimates of trends and other summaries of avian population status. In practice, some departure from design intentions is realized because active routes become concentrated around urban areas, and this yields unbalanced sampling with respect to habitat and land use patterns, and temporal changes in land use. The need to consider potential biases induced by factors not controlled for (or uncontrollable) by design has motivated the development of a model-based framework for conducting inference about population status and trend assessments from BBS data. The present modeling framework is sufficiently generic to allow consideration of designs that deviate from random sampling. Thus, for example, redundant information that results from clustering routes around urban areas, or targeted sampling to assess specific hypotheses (e.g., about the effect of land-use patterns on population status), can be viewed not as deficiencies in the design, but as features that necessitate extension of existing models used for assessment. In this paper, we consider whether the sampling design is relevant to conducting inference about population status and trends, and we provide a framework for addressing potential biases induced by an imbalance in spatial coverage of sampled routes.
Appendix B. Notes from meeting.
(An attempt was made to capture everything said at the meeting but as you will note from the flow of statements and questions, some comments were missed.)
Keith Pardieck - Any questions about the presentations?
Fred Fallon – "John, looking at your data…any resistance from higher ups?"
John Sauer – Well, if they wanted to find fault, they could.
**** Group moved to adjoining room for facilitated discussion ****
Keith P. – OK, here's Ken Rosenberg. He will be facilitating our discussion on potential approaches to improving the BBS sampling methodology. What will be addressing are some widely known problems many of which were introduced and summarized by our speakers.
Unidentified individual -- I want to leave with positive feelings and be gung-ho, but it sounds to me like we should just scrap it and restart.
John S. – Chan didn't add the end of the British effort. The BBS totally replaced and rectified the common bird census problems. The BBS it's in a format that could be corrected because it is structurally sound.
Unidentified individual - It's astounding that this is so important and useful and so under funded, couldn't we just find more funding?
Unidentified individual - Yes, maybe if you paid folks for some routes you could get better coverage.
Ken R. -- OK, let me start so that we don't jump around and we can have a format that Keith P. can record and I can facilitate. The talks were great in outlining the problem but few solutions offered. Let's get deeper into some proposed solutions like Andy Royle's degree block analysis. A main question seems like – should we add new routes?
Dan Brauning – Who makes these decisions? Who's in charge?
Keith P. – There are no written protocols on this, it's just pretty much been passed down verbally. When routes are full in a state and the state coordinator feels there are enough participants to attempt to fill another set of routes then you add another set per degree block.
Dan B. – So it seems like no one's in charge.
Bruce Peterjohn
– It's very much a consensus between the
? – someone voiced a question about when a route should be discontinued.
Keith P. – You just do what you can to keep it going. If the route gets too busy (traffic noise) and you can't hear or becomes unsafe we discontinue and start a new one.
Ken R. – Ok, let's stay on that point; route noise.
Bruce P. – Well, traffic noise is getting worse.
John S.? – Dove survey has measured car noise and we could use that.
Ken R. – OK, so we do collect car #'s
Bruce P. – Problem is bigger than # of vehicles; it gets more down to measuring background noise.
Ken R. – Is there a need for specific guidance and to when we should drop routes?
Keith P. – We have some routes that we can't fill because people don't want to do them. Well, it's in instructions about 3-4 cars per stop and requesting discontinuing route but it's not enforced by us. [Editorial comment: this statement is incorrect. There is no direct guidance in the instructions on when to change a route. Historically, traffic has generally been considered to reach nuisance levels when 3-5 cars passed by on average during a 3-min count. KP]
Ken R. – Should we do this [set rigorous and specific guidelines for discontinuing a route] (addressing John S. and Andy Royle)?
John S. – From an analytical point of view we don't see stopped routes in the metadata.
Unidentified individual – What is metadata?
Unidentified individuals – Information (or data) describing the data.
Ken R. -- To some extent we need to know what of this metadata we need to collect as Connie said there are some routes we need to drop, it's inevitable (safety, noise…). Just a question of when and how much bias does it introduce. OK, so seems like we need a list for management and research.
Keith P. – We now keep data on when route ends (since 1997) but I didn't know you needed that or I would have let you know.
Connie Downes – Observer has asked to reopen routes after highway moves and noise decrease so I don't know what stuff like that introduces. Noise is subjective; some observers complain more than others. Maybe we need multiple state coordinators to evaluate routes on the finer level.
Ken R. – I'm hearing dropping data is minimum metadata that analysts need. Keep all route drop data. The noise thing has to get a point where you're recording cars not birds it needs to stop. So, there's a process for discontinuing routes that needs to be matured. OK, so there seems too much control in hands of observers since if an observer doesn't want to run it on Sunday then it can be discontinued.
Connie D. – There's no hard and fast way, it's really a judgment call.
Fred F. – It's not totally at the observer's whim, the office reviews maps.
Connie D. – It's not just dropping because we also justify routes and change stops which go into route history. Maybe we need to encourage observers to come to state coordinators more.
One of the state coordinators -- I think state coordinators are willing but we need guidelines.
Keith P. – Well, putting it down on the state level means more work for the State Coordinator.
Ken R. – OK, well, the big issue is coming back to adding routes and Keith P.'s group needs to hear this.
Unidentified individual -- There are areas that need routes filled so adding routes seems premature.
Ken R. -- Yes, but that has been laid out in every opportunity. Let's assume that's being taken care of through so let's get back to adding routes.
Unidentified individual -- So, is detection a bias? I'd like to know what the hearing standard is – maybe we need that.
Ken R. – Variability in obs. adds variation but not necessarily bias (because east isn't better then west). Can we explore that? But the general issue of getting at obsv. ability, how important is that?
Jon Bart – I think it is important but I think it would be relatively easy to examine average ability in observers by using online education and testing program that will keep a record.
Fred F. – I think it is important. I've found in doing these observation studies that many people don't recognize something and once they do, problem is solved life long.
Ken R. – Improving volunteer ability introduces a bias, No?
Fred F. – Maybe it would but the BBS will persist in time and better now is good.
Unidentified individual -- We discussed yesterday assessment, certification and education. But assessment would get at this and old observers could use this.
John S. – Some birders are just naturally better so we have to accept that when we review analysis.
Ken R. – But that's what were saying – how much of a solution do we need?
John S. – Obsv. can't get better always but they could for our first 40 years.
Unidentified individual - I think the bigger problem is recruiting skilled observers and keeping them. I think people drop routes because if their species are going down they don't see a reason to keep them.
Ken R. – So, you're saying better back and forth about what they're doing this for and their benefit.
Tom Fox - I think having assessment info in any way is important for measuring bias. I'm hearing all 3 goals are important in volunteer reward and can be done in one package – no brainer.
Unidentified individual - I think motivation is important. But observers leaving is important so maybe we need mentoring to maintain continuity. I think this is what we need.
Ken R. – How many people use an assistant? I wonder if that introduces a bias?
Brief discussion – using a recorder allows you to focus on the surroundings instead of the data sheet. But calling out detections can also detract from aural detections.
Ken R.– OK, let's get back to route additions only.
Fred F. – Should we add nocturnal routes?
Ken R. – That's a good question.
-I think it would be very difficult.
[Brief discussion ]
Brent Ortego – What we need is an evaluation of the problem.
Ken – That's been done and it's published and available.
- It's a question for the biometricians.
Ken – (Pressures analysts)
Andy Royal – I need to know your goals and objectives. But lets just say you can't lose by putting more obsvservers out there so lets just do that.
Ken – lays out the PIF goal
Charles Francis – I don't think we can come up with a quantifiable answer in a room. A few people sitting together in a room with more data on assumptions may be able to come up with this. Right now I don't think we have all assumption data we need right now.
Ken R.– If we don't want this public than what is our action plan to get at this? – where do we go from here?
Rex Sallabanks – (direct to biometricians)
Do we have the data that will allow you to evaluate route addition scenarios? We can determine a lot of things about what we want and what we can do but we can't do the analyses to see if it works.
Brian Collins – Recruitment, we know we need that – that's so important to the simulations we've run.
Rex S. – Yes, but that doesn't tell us where to put the ones we have.
Fred F. – We randomly place in a degree block but maybe we need to get away from that. Maybe we can do better by getting away from random.
Charles F. – Right now we've independent of habitat because we don't know, but if we start doing that then we're getting into a different thing.
1) What is BBS best way to increase our effort?
2)? If we can increase # in a state but unevenly how does that compare to an even but lower increase?
Jon Bart – We definitely can do that, but it is complicated. It takes substantial programming. We did the best we could with what we had and it'll be published soon. Keith P., you should do it with a group but it's not going to be a two week plan.
Ken R. – Can we do this, Keith P.? What is the plan? Whatever's done, it has to come out of the BBS office. We need to know if we can get the resources and what it is.
John S. – What is it? Banders send in tons of data not really helping but thinking they are. But what we're back to again it sounds as goals. So, what's your goal?
Ken R.– We're all in agreement – range-wide we need to detect which birds are in trouble. It's a nested goal. Really –
* What do we need to do to improve BBS?
*We need to know if our efforts to get at regional information are sufficient.
Can those best be met by changes in the BBS? And what do we need to do?
Charles F. - What John's saying is that he needs something quantifiable, I mean, what is in trouble?
John S. – I think setting generic trend based goals at a regional level will not get what we want. They're not the species we want (only the well surveyed ones), etc.
Pam Hunt – Should we maybe focus on a species basis?
Ken R. – But, we've laid out a set of species that could be covered by BBS. We want to know what we have to do to get there. That's a question, a goal. Let's take Ceruleans.
John S. – Problem is there are places with no BBS routes and habitat (ridged forests) not near roads. The models then come in so BBS can only go so far before field work or modeling needs to pick up.
Rex S. – Well, the question the stats guys need to address is if we could put routes near Cerulean warblers? Is that OK for analysis? Is it compatible with the survey?
-It does come down to goals
– Of the three that you (Ken) listed, the second (w/BCR's) applies to BBS but others seem mutually exclusive. I'm convinced that on a managed landscape level BBS is useless and BBS is not at getting at some species.
Ken R. – I think the first goal (range-wide pops – what BBS is meant to do) is the one we should focus on.
Charels F. – BBS puts your local management into context (data from surrounding areas).
Ken R. – Whole other area we can't resolve.
Charles F. –Clearly people need to be able to believe BBS
-Repeat J. Bart's analysis seems very important
*Assess the range wide status of as many spp. as possible
-being able to detect which are declining over 50% of range wide.
*Performing (above) at BCR scale.
*Finer scale stat data come up with more habit scale analyses, etc.


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1787: The Week Ahead for First-Year Students
Together, more than 500 staff members from the Office of Orientation and the Office of Residence Life prepare for the arrival of first-year students. (Photo Credit: JMU University Marketing Photography Department)
Over the next two days JMU will welcome more than 4,300 first-year students to campus. In the days to follow, those students will take part in 1787 August Orientation, JMU's fall welcome week program.
From Aug. 19 to Aug. 24, students will kick off their JMU experience with a packed schedule of academic and social programming aimed at preparing them for the collegiate experience and acclimating them to campus. First yeaR Orientation Guides (FROGs) will lead student groups through a series of events, a few of which include:
- University Welcome: President Jonathan R. Alger and Dr. Mark Warner, senior vice president, Student Affairs and University Planning, will officially open events by welcoming students to the JMU family.
- Vendor and Resource Fair: Students will be able to meet with representatives from on-campus offices that offer services that support student success. The event will be held at JMU's new Student Success Center.
- It's Complicated: This session introduces students to ethical reasoning at JMU and The Madison Collaborative: Ethical Reasoning in Action. Students will use "8 Key Questions" to evaluate ethical dimensions.
- Major and Pre-professional Meetings: These major and pre-professional meetings provide important details regarding progression standards, application deadlines, degree requirements and much more.
- Dukes Step Up: Current Dukes will teach their new classmates the knowledge and skills necessary to Step Up! should they encounter a person in need of help.
- Block Party in the 'Burg: First-years will explore downtown Harrisonburg's shopping, dining and entertainment options while enjoying performances from JMU's a cappella and dance groups, food eating contests, games and more.
"While 1787 offers plenty of fun, entertainment and opportunities for students to make new friends, its vital function is to prepare students for the next chapter of their lives by providing the tools and knowledge needed to make JMU a successful and impactful educational experience," said Sarah Sunde, associate director of the Orientation Office.
Follow #JMU1787 for news and photos throughout the week.
# # #
Aug. 18, 2014
Published: Monday, August 18, 2014
Last Updated: Thursday, October 20, 2016


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Many people may feel sad or down during the winter months, when the days are shorter and temperatures drop. For some people, this condition goes beyond the winter "blahs" and develops into a subtype of clinical depression that lasts throughout the late fall and winter months. This condition is known as seasonal affective disorder, or SAD. The term SAD was introduced in 1984 and has since been included in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
SAD is characterized by recurring, cyclic bouts of depression, increased appetite, and an increased need for sleep (Ford K 1992; Magnusson A et al 2003). It contrasts with most depressive disorders, which are characterized by sleep disturbances and diminished appetite (Magnusson A et al 2005). Besides mild depression, typical symptoms of SAD include anxiety, decreased activity, social withdrawal, increased sleep duration, increased appetite, weight gain, and carbohydrate craving (Rosenthal NE et al 1984; Sher L 2001).
SAD occurs in about 10 percent of the general population, although it is about twice as common among people who are treated for depression (Gross F et al 1996). It tends to be more common in the higher latitudes, where the winter days are comparatively shorter than at latitudes nearer the equator, and it occurs more often in women than in men (Rosen LN et al 1990; Gross F et al 1996; Magnusson A et al 2003). Studies have also shown that the tendency to develop SAD may run in families, which suggests a genetic component (Madden PA et al 1996). Family studies have shown that approximately 13 percent to 17 percent of people who have first-degree relatives with SAD will suffer from the condition themselves (Allen JM et al 1993;Thompson C et al 1988; White DM et al 1990; Wirz-Justice A et al 1986). The occurrence of SAD seems to lessen after the age of 55 (Gross F et al 1996).
The 24-hour wake-sleep cycle, known as the circadian rhythm, is governed in part by the regular rise and fall of hormones, especially melatonin. Melatonin is the master sleep hormone; it is produced in the pineal gland. Researchers have identified a regular ebb and flow to human physiology and behavior throughout a normal 24-hour cycle (Hirota T et al 2004). Our overall pattern of wake-sleep depends on the proper functioning of an internal circadian clock, which lies deep in the brain. This circadian clock works with photosensors in the eyes to sense darkness. When darkness falls, the body begins to secrete melatonin, which is one of the factors that cause sleep. Melatonin continues to be secreted throughout the night, although the levels alter, and toward dawn, melatonin secretion gradually diminishes, allowing for wakefulness in the morning.
When there is a problem with this system, sleep disorders and other psychological problems can occur. Recent research has identified a number of possible abnormalities that may help explain SAD and offer therapeutic targets.
The melatonin theory. Early research focused on the shorter photoperiod in the winter, hypothesizing that shorter days led directly to SAD. Researchers initially attempted, with some success, to lengthen the photoperiod by exposing individuals to bright light both in the morning and in the evening (Rosenthal NE et al 1984; Winton F et al 1989). Researchers next focused on the secretion of melatonin, which controls the wake-sleep cycle. Although the 24-hour rhythm of melatonin secretion is generally the same in SAD patients and controls during winter months, researchers hypothesized that people with SAD had increased duration of melatonin secretion in the early morning hours (Checkley SA et al 1993; Partonen T et al 1996). This would explain why people with SAD have difficulty waking up and don't feel alert in the morning. Experiments with drugs to block melatonin secretion in the morning, thus decreasing the duration of its secretion, found the symptoms of SAD were relieved (Schlager DS 1994).
The phase-shift theory. According to this theory, developed in the late 1980s, people with SAD suffered from circadian rhythms that had fallen out of sync with the normal circadian cycle, which isn't quite 24 hours long. Some people may be "phase-advanced," meaning their bodies release melatonin too early in the evening, while others may be "phase-delayed," meaning they continue to release melatonin for too long into the day. According to the phase-shift theory, this abnormality occurs because the seasonal changes in light exposure somehow disrupt the normal functioning of the circadian clock.
Retinal hypersensitivity. One study found that the retinas of people with SAD are significantly less sensitive to light than those of controls, possibly because of neurotransmitter dysfunction (Hebert M et al 2004). However, other studies have found that people with SAD are hypersensitive to light (Terman JS et al 1999).
Neuroimmune dysfunction. Significant wintertime elevations of interleukin-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, have been noted in patients with SAD (Leu SJ et al 2001). Pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-6 cause greater production of enzymes that deplete tryptophan from the blood. The result is serotonin deficiency in the brain (and the onset of depression).
Other studies have noted elevated neopterin (a marker of immune function) in response to reduced tryptophan in SAD patients (Stastny J et al 2003). These findings suggest that decreased tryptophan levels might lead to an overactive immune system (Hoekstra R et al 2003).
Low levels of neurotransmitters. Research suggests that people with SAD, like those with most other depressive disorders, may have low or abnormal levels of important neurotransmitters, including serotonin (a precursor to melatonin), acetylcholine, and dopamine (Jepson TL et al 1999; Schwartz PJ et al 1997; Depue RA et al 1989, 1990).
Among people with SAD, serotonin levels vary from season to season, with some of the lowest levels observed during December and January (Carlsson A et al 1980). This may explain why patients with SAD crave carbohydrates during the winter season: serotonin is involved in regulating feeding and satiety (Lam RW et al 2000a). Studies have also shown that the rate of production of serotonin in the brain is dependent on the length of exposure to bright sunlight and that turnover of serotonin in the brain is much lower during the winter season (Lambert GW et al 2002). Administration of a serotonin-like drug, m-chlorophenylpiperazine, produced increased activation and euphoria in depressed patients with SAD but not in controls or in SAD patients during summer (Schwartz PJ et al 1997). Some research suggests that the change in serotonin levels may result from reduced levels of vitamin D3, which are often observed in cases of SAD. Administration of 400 IU or 800 IU of vitamin D3 to people with SAD during late winter appeared to improve mood (Lansdowne AT et al 1998).
Untreated patients with SAD also have lower concentrations of norepinephrine compared to their normal counterparts (Schwartz PJ et al 1997). Research suggests that the reduced norepinephrine activity is linked to the hypersomnia, or increased need for sleep, that is common among people with SAD (Lam RW et al 2000b). Finally, low dopamine activity has been observed in SAD patients (Depue RA et al 1989, 1990).
The first-line treatment for SAD is light therapy. During light therapy, patients are exposed to bright light early in the morning in an attempt to reduce the secretion of melatonin and stimulate a more natural waking cycle. Studies of patients with SAD indicate that bright light therapy in the morning produces greater therapeutic effect than evening light (Eastman CI et al 1998; Lewy AJ et al 1998b).
Although bright light therapy is an effective method for treating SAD, some people do not respond, because of either side effects or lack of adherence to its use (Pjrek E et al 2004). This lack of adherence may result from the inconveniences associated with bright light therapy. First, bright light therapy is most effective if used early in the morning for 30 to 45 minutes, but patients with SAD may have difficulty awakening (Lewy AJ et al 1987a,b; Terman JS et al 2001; Pjrek E et al 2004). Second, the devices used can be expensive and may not be covered by insurance (Pjrek E et al 2004). Finally, light therapy is time consuming, with most studies recommending 30 to 45 minutes of direct exposure to the light source.
In addition to light therapy, a number of drugs may be prescribed, including the following:
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine and sertraline are the two antidepressants most commonly studied in the treatment of SAD (Lam RW et al 1995; Moscovitch A et al 2004). SSRIs inhibit serotonin reuptake within synapses (Potter W et al 2001), thus making more serotonin available to interact with serotonin receptors. Studies have also been conducted to determine the effects of SSRIs on melatonin levels in patients with SAD. Results have shown that the SSRI fluoxetine significantly reduces melatonin levels in these patients, while other antidepressant agents (e.g. tricyclics) actually elevate melatonin levels (Childs PA et al 1995). Because of the natural fluctuation in melatonin levels throughout the day, the timing of SSRI administration may be an important consideration to ensure that levels of melatonin are reduced at the appropriate time (e.g., in the morning).
Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. Reboxetine is a novel selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor available in European countries, although its application for approval in the United States has been denied by the Food and Drug Administration. It has been shown to be effective in treating depression (Kasper S et al 2000). A dose of 8 mg reboxetine daily has been shown to relieve both the depressive and the atypical symptoms associated with SAD within two weeks. Side effects include dry mouth and constipation, but they were generally transient and mild in intensity (Hilger E et al 2001). For more information, go to www.reboxetine.com.
Modafinil. Hypersomnia, or the increased need for sleep, is a common problem associated with SAD. Modafinil is a drug known to promote wakefulness and has been studied in the treatment of SAD (Lundt L 2004). Modafinil is thought to selectively promote wakefulness by influencing the sleep-wake centers of the brain (Scammell TE et al 2000). Studies using modafinil in treatment of narcolepsy and major depressive disorder have indicated that modafinil can improve wakefulness and reduce fatigue (DeBattista C et al 2003; Menza MA et al 2000). In a study of treatment with 100 mg modafinil during week 1, followed by 100 mg or 200 mg for weeks 2 to 8, modafinil significantly improved SAD symptoms, reduced fatigue, and was well tolerated (Lundt L 2004).
Melatonin, a hormone produced in the pineal gland, is responsible for regulating sleep and core body temperature at night (Arendt J et al 2005). The role of melatonin in SAD is complicated and the subject of some controversy. Under normal circumstances, levels of melatonin increase in the evening, prior to bedtime, peak in the middle of the night, and decrease gradually as morning approaches (Macchi MM et al 2004). Among people with SAD, excessive duration of melatonin secretion has been implicated, but researchers are far from settled on this theory as the main cause of SAD. Nevertheless, low-dose melatonin taken at night has been shown to be effective in improving mood in patients with SAD (Lewy AJ et al 1998a; Rohr UD et al 2002).
Nutrient therapy for SAD operates along principles similar to those of pharmacological therapy: increased serotonin levels may relieve symptoms. To understand how these nutrients work, it is necessary to understand how serotonin is synthesized. In the body, tryptophan is converted to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) by the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase; this conversion can be inhibited by a deficiency in vitamin B6 or by insufficient magnesium (Birdsall TC 1998). In turn, 5-HTP is converted to serotonin, which is subsequently converted to melatonin, with S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) serving as the methylating agent (Macchi MM et al 2004; McKee T et al 1999). Thus any nutrients that support healthy levels of tryptophan or promote healthy methylation would at least theoretically help improve levels of serotonin and relieve the symptoms of SAD.
Tryptophan. Light therapy is usually considered the first-line treatment for SAD, but about 40 percent of patients treated with light therapy do not respond (Ghadirian AM et al 1998). This may be due in part to a deficiency of tryptophan (Lam RW et al 1996), which is necessary for the synthesis of serotonin and is sometimes recommended as a natural antidepressant. Some data suggest that light stimulates the conversion of tryptophan to serotonin (Lam RW et a 1996). Some studies indicate that tryptophan may be used to enhance light therapy (Lam RW et al 1997), while others show that tryptophan can produce benefits equal to those of light therapy in patients with SAD and may lengthen the time to relapse (Ghadirian AM et al 1998). One study in patients with SAD who had been treated with light therapy noted that rapid depletion of tryptophan resulted in a reversal of the therapeutic effects of bright light treatment (Lam RW et al 1996).
Tryptophan depletion in an experimental setting in patients with SAD has also been associated with an increase in plasma neopterin (Stastny J et al 2003). Neopterin is a marker of immune function; high levels are associated with increased immune system activity. This suggests that low levels of tryptophan may cause elevated neopterin levels, which, in conjunction with reduced serotonin, may worsen the depression associated with SAD (Stastny J et al 2003). These findings have important implications in patients with autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, or Alzheimer's disease, in which levels of immune system cytokines (such as interleukin-6) may already be elevated (Maini RN et al 2000; McGeer PL et al 1995; Thornton AE et al 1997).
Tryptophan was a popular dietary supplement until 1989, when an epidemic outbreak of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) was associated with the use of tryptophan in the United States. About 95 percent of those cases were traced to a single overseas supplier, although many people who took tryptophan from this supplier did not develop EMS. In 1989 the Food and Drug Administration issued a nationwide recall for all products containing tryptophan, and it subsequently banned importation of tryptophan from overseas sources (Das YT et al 2004).
5-HTP. 5-HTP is the immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of serotonin from tryptophan. Oral 5-HTP crosses the blood-brain barrier easily and can be as effective as tryptophan in increasing levels of serotonin (Birdsall TC 1998). Administration of 200 mg to 600 mg 5-HTP has been shown to be effective in treating insomnia and improving quality of sleep (Guilleminault C et al 1973; Soulairac A et al 1977; Wyatt RJ et al 1971). 5-HTP has been found safe in treating SAD when used alone but has been shown to increase cortisol levels (Jacobsen FM et al 1987). It is important to note that concomitant use of 5-HTP and SSRIs or monoamine oxidase inhibitors can result in serotonin syndrome, a condition characterized by agitation, confusion, delirium, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and fluctuations in blood pressure (Martin TG 1996). However, no definitive cases of toxicity have emerged worldwide in the past 20 years in patients using 5-HTP as a dietary supplement by itself (Das YT et al 2004).
Vitamin B6 and SAMe. The conversion of tryptophan to 5-HTP can be inhibited by a deficiency of vitamin B6 or by insufficient magnesium (Birdsall TC 1998). Also, the conversion of 5-HTP to serotonin, and serotonin's subsequent conversion into melatonin, rely on SAMe as a methylating agent (Macchi MM et al 2004; McKee T et al 1999). Vitamin B6 is an important cofactor involved in the production of serotonin. Vitamin B6 deficiency should be considered in SAD, particularly in the elderly, who may suffer from vitamin deficiencies (Hvas AM et al 2004).
Magnesium. Studies indicate that a healthy circadian rhythm is associated with normally fluctuating magnesium levels, which peak in the evening, with fluctuations noted in the morning (Touitou Y et al 1978; Ising H et al 1995). Insufficient levels of magnesium can inhibit the conversion of tryptophan to 5-HTP, which can affect the production of serotonin and melatonin (Birdsall TC 1998). Research suggests that magnesium depletion may be associated with the dysregulation of the biological clock, resulting from either an increase or a decrease in melatonin, as is evident in SAD (Durlach J et al 2002).
St. John's wort. St. John's wort has been shown to be effective against severe depression and the depressive symptoms of SAD (Vorbach EU et al 1997; Kasper S 1997). In one study, 900 mg of hypericum, an extract of St. John's wort, was found to be as effective as light therapy in SAD (Kasper S 1997). Another study found that 900 mg hypericum in combination with bright light (3000 lux) or dim light (< 300 lux) therapy reduced depressive symptoms in patients with SAD (Martinez B et al 1994). The exact mechanism of action of St. John's wort has not been clearly established; however, researchers propose that St. John's wort affects the uptake and reuptake of monoamines like serotonin and norepinephrine (Nangia M et al 2000).
Omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids have a role in the synthesis of serotonin, and there are encouraging data about their use in depressive disorders. Also, because the incidence of SAD is associated with higher latitudes, it seems logical that people who live in the Arctic would suffer from very high rates of a winter depressive disorder. Researchers, however, have found to their surprise that SAD is very rare among Icelandic peoples, who eat a lot of omega-3 fatty acids in coldwater fish. Interestingly, when fish consumption goes down, the incidence of SAD begins to increase (McGrath-Hanna NK et al 2003; Cott J et al 2001; Magnusson A et al 2000).
As mentioned previously, pro-inflammatory cytokines cause greater production of enzymes that deplete tryptophan in the blood, which can result in serotonin deficiency in the brain. These new findings about cytokine-induced degradation of tryptophan explain why nutrients like fish oil (which suppress inflammatory cytokines) alleviate depression.
Although studies haven't been conducted examining the role of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in SAD, these essential oils have multiple health benefits, and considering the suggestive data in Arctic people who consume a lot of fish oil, it is probably prudent to add omega-3 fatty acids to a supplementation program.
Life Extension Foundation Recommendations
If bright light therapy is recommended, and your insurance covers it, it is an effective method of relieving the depression and lethargy associated with SAD. Tryptophan has been shown to enhance the effectiveness of light therapy. In addition, a number of nutrients may help relieve SAD. These include:
Seasonal Affective Disorder Safety Caveats
An aggressive program of dietary supplementation should not be launched without the supervision of a qualified physician. Several of the nutrients suggested in this protocol may have adverse effects. These include:
Saint John's Wort
Vitamin B6
For more information see the Safety Appendix
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The Hood River City Council may be forced to comply with state resource protection rules — but they plan to avoid devaluing of private property.
"We don't want to set up more hoops for people to jump through to develop their land and we don't need to impose restrictions that send the price of land soaring so that people can't afford to live here," said Mayor Paul Cummings.
On Monday, the elected body learned it could face sanctions from the Department of Land Conservation and Development for not preserving about 159 acres of wetland and riparian areas. These properties within the city limits and urban growth boundary were recently listed as "significant" in a Goal 5 mapping process.
Although about 163 acres of forested lands was also considered for wildlife habitat protection, officials were allowed not to regulate these sites since they do not house any endangered, threatened or sensitive species.
Several council members expressed discomfiture at the July 14 meeting with imposing restrictions that could create hardship for some landowners. After almost an hour of debate, Mayor Paul Cummings asked planning staffers, "What's the bottom line here? What's the minimum we can do?"
Jennifer Donnelly, senior planner, said DLCD had designed a "Safe Harbor" ordinance that could be used as a baseline model. She said when the city accepted a $30,000 grant from the state last fall to complete its required inventory, it also had entered into a contractual agreement to adopt protection standards. If the city failed to act, Donnelly said DLCD had indicated it would step in and levy at least minimal regulations until the city came into compliance.
"It's probably better if we adopt our own version than have something imposed on us," she said.
The council directed her to draft up an ordinance that would use a "common sense" approach to regulation, including a provision for removal of poisonous vegetation.
"I'd just as soon start out at the bottom level and if there is widespread support we can always add more," said Cummings.
Under Safe Harbor, the city would place building setbacks of 75 feet along the Columbia and Hood rivers. In addition, 50 foot setbacks would be placed along fish-bearing Phelps and Indian creeks. Although no restrictions were required for other streams, Donnelly said the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and Department of Environmental Quality were recommending at least a 10-foot minimum setback along streams that fed into fish-bearing waterways. She said these agencies wanted to keep these passages shaded so that temperatures remained cool for fish. Donnelly said these officials were also concerned about the ecosystem if unprotected streams were sent underground through piping systems that adversely affected the growth of healthy bacteria.
The draft Goal 5 ordinance will be presented to the Hood River Planning Commission for review on Aug. 20. That appointed body will then make a recommendation and forward it to the City Council for consideration. Once the city has adopted the Goal 5 map, it will request that the county follow its suggested guidelines for urban growth areas that will someday be incorporated into the city limits.
Last fall, the city received the DLCD grant and hired Joel Shaich of Wetland Consulting from Portland to inventory areas for protection. He worked with a technical advisory committee to narrow down "significant" sites within the three categories.
"I think the group felt we were trying to balance the best we could between allowing the use and protecting properties," Shaich told the council at Monday's meeting.
In November, the city sent out more than 300 letters to landowners who could have their property subjected to a "sensitive "site" overlay zone and protective setbacks.
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Montana Grizzly Star Jordan Tripp to Play in East – West Shrine Game
Montana Sports Information reports on Thursday, December 12, that University of Montana Grizzly linebacker Jordan Tripp has accepted an invitation to play in the annual East-West Shrine Game on January 18 in St. Petersburg, Florida.
This past season, Tripp was second on the Grizzly defensive squad with 100 tackles and with three interceptions, was tied for the team lead. Trip was a first team All-Big Sky and All-America selection for both the 2012 and 2013 seasons.
Tripp, a finalist for the annual Buck Buchanan Award for the top defensive player in the FCS, ended his career with a total of 336 tackles, fourth all time for Montana, and he set an all-time Grizzly record with 10 fumble recoveries.
One moment Grizzly fans will never forget, is when Tripp launched himself in the air to block a field goal against Cal Poly on October 19, that led to a heart-stopping come-from-behind overtime win.
Kickoff for the East-West Shrine game is 2:00 p.m. Mountain time, and will be televised on the NFL Network.


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The federal government today gave the green light for the construction of a new toll road that would replace the existing Elgin-O'Hare Expressway and also skirt the western edge of O'Hare International Airport.
The formal approval from the Federal Highway Administration and Federal Aviation Administration, known as a record of decision, is the last step in the project's environmental impact review process.
The action, which was expected, allows the Illinois Tollway to proceed with the $3.6 billion project, which will take an estimated 12 years to complete.
The project will include construction of an all-electronic toll road bypassing O'Hare along its western border and linking the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway (I-90) and the Tri-State Tollway (I-294).
In addition, the existing Elgin-O'Hare Expressway will be converted into a toll road. It will be widened and extended east along Thorndale Avenue to connect to the O'Hare bypass.
Twitter @richwronski


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Oh, vegans. I do admire you so and honestly wish I could do what you're doing. So much so that on occasion, I give it a shot. Admittedly, I just polished off a breakfast of bacon and eggs, but I do have much love for you and your kind. Except for the judge-y ones. You people can suck it.
Which is how most of you guys are going to feel about Ruby Roth's upcoming children's book, Vegan Is Love, I just know it. And Ms. Roth does herself no favors in this TODAY show interview where she comes off as just a wee bit sanctimonious.
I take no issue with the statements made in Vegan Is Love. I don't think we can argue the fact that animals do, in fact, die when they are prepped for our dinner table. And any death that is not natural and at the hands of a weapon is surely violent. I don't even think some kids will blink an eye at this information. After all, it's much more difficult to explain the opposite to a child -- that we kill and eat animals by choice.
So how come this book is bugging me and will surely bug many of you?
It could be my own waffling on the issue and therefore guilt seeping in that I enjoy burgers against my better judgment. But it's also that this book feels condescending to parents making different choices than the author. And we don't need any more of that. So the best thing to do is to leave this book to the vegan families and ignore those cute animals staring out at us from the book shelves.
Who am I kidding? This thing is going to sell a million copies, mostly to people who want to use it to light up their grill.
What do you think about teaching kids to be vegans?
Image via Amazon


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Erika is the sweetest brunette teen, but she is also a naughty girl that loves to rub her tight hairy pussy. She is so good at exploring her mound that is aching to be rubbed, so she can explode.
Erika is a sexy brunette babe that loves to show off and play with her hairy pussy. She is making a hirsute porn as she slowly strips and uses her fingers to play with her wet hairy pussy on a chair.
Hairy babe Erika is a sexy brunette who comes home and slowly strips down showing off her bright blue pantyhose and her hairy pussy underneath and then gets naked showing off her hairy pussy.
The beach view just got even better with a terrific hairy porn video staring the lovely Erika. Rubbing her hairy pussy so well, she has her juices flowing as she strips on the sandy beach.
Erika is so lovely with her tiny petite body. She has pretty long hair and the mounds of hair on her pussy. She rubs her large clit surrounded by tons of hair. She is a gem with her hairy pussy.
Erika is one of the prettiest girls ever, she knows being in a hairy porn is super hot. She is so proud of her pretty muff of dark hair, she gets ready in the mirror before playing with her pussy.
Erika is very sexy. She is too hot and loves to show off her hairy pussy anywhere she can. She is on her stairs showing off her hairy mound while she rubs herself and then ends up outside.
Erika is so pretty, but when she shows off her red lingerie, it is very exciting. As she pulls off her panties exposing her hairy pussy, it is time to rub and finger herself till she cums.
Erika is a sexy brunette babe who is on her bed making a hirsute porn for her website as she slowly strips out of her panties and shirt. She then shows off her hairy pussy for the camera and you!
Erika is such a nice looking young lady. She possesses a strong sense of sexuality, and she also loves to rub her hairy pussy. Not everyone can cum as hard as Erika does, so it's amazing.
Erika has an amazing bush. She not only has the perfect hairy snatch, but she has a super tight toned body. She can't get enough of herself. So she strips on the couch before playing with her pussy.
Petite hairy girl Erika loves to show off her silky red thong and stockings. She decides she would have more fun by playing and masturbating her hairy pussy than anything else.


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Kate Middleton and Prince William's royal baby is due, like, any minute now! The big questions, of course, are whether she will have a boy or a girl, and what the name will be. Place yer bets, place yer bets here! No, seriously, people are placing their bets. London betting houses are running the odds on the heir to the throne's name and certain ones have risen to the top of the betting pile. Best odds are that Kate's baby will be a girl, so the top four names are girl names. This speculation no doubt stems from Kate's "I will take this for my d -- " slip up. Though supposedly Prince Harry had revealed that the baby would be a boy. But one thing is for sure: Anyone who is willing to bet on the baby being named Chardonnay or Brooklyn can make a lot of money -- if it happens! Here are the top 20 royal baby name with the best odds.
1. Alexandra
This has been the top pick throughout Kate's pregnancy. It's one of Queen Elizabeth's middle names.
2. Charlotte
This is the middle name of Kate's sister Pippa. Queen Charlotte reigned in the 1760s and was widely thought to have African ancestry, making her the first "black Queen."
3. Elizabeth
This is, of course, the reigning monarch and Prince William's grandmother's name.
4. Victoria
Queen Victoria was the longest reigning female monarch in history, ruling for 63 years and eight months. She ushered in an age of extreme morality. Hopefully a new Victoria won't be so uptight.
5. George
This name has been used by six Kings. Seems a tad old-fashioned for the couple.
6. Diana
This would obviously be a nod to Prince William's mother, who tragically died in a car accident when he was a boy. She's still a public favorite. I suspect if Diana is left out of the baby's name entirely, there will be an outcry.
Here are the next frontrunners in order of odds:
7. James
8. Alice
9. Alberta
10. Mary
11. Grace
12. Eleanor
13. Philip
14. Maud
15. Matilda
16. Arthur
17. Florence
18. Alexander
19. Catherine/Kate
20. Louis
Long shots include: Chardonnay (250/1); Rafa (500/1); Elvis (500/1); Peaches (500/1); Brooklyn (1,000/1).
Check out the rest here. You can also bet on the baby's sex, due date, and hair color. Most people believe a brunette baby girl named Alexandra will be born today!
What would you bet on?
Image via MillyandMeDesigns/Etsy


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In an interview with NPR, Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi talked about tax cuts, moving forward from an unsuccessful election, and why she's running for minority leader.
On main reasons for running as minority leader:
Pelosi: I'm running to put together the strongest plan to work with the Republicans to solve problems. The biggest problem is unemployment. I hope we can work together to create jobs. And I do so with the overwhelming support of my caucus, not the unanimous support.
The Republicans have demonized you. How do you prevent that from hurting your party more than it already has?
Pelosi: Well, let me say this – when you say "more than it already has" – the reason the election results are what they are is because we have 9.5 percent unemployment in our country. We didn't lose the election because of me. In any circumstance, when you have 9.5 percent unemployment, any party that cannot turn that into political gain should hang up the gloves, I said that before the election. The reason they had to try to take me down is because I've been effective in fighting the special interests in Washington, D.C. I'm also the most significant attractor of support for the Democrats. So I'm not looking back on this. They asked me to run, I'm running, and, again, our members understand that they made me a target because I'm effective.
On extending Bush-era tax cuts:
Pelosi: The position that we have, and which is the position that the president has put forth, is that everybody should get a tax cut in our country. The problem comes when you give an additional tax cut to the wealthiest 2 percent that will heap $700 billion in debt onto our children and our grandchildren.
What about a temporary extension?
Well, our position in the House has been that we support the tax cuts for everyone, but not an additional tax cut at the high end. It's too costly. Those tax cuts have been in effect for a very long time. They did not create jobs. In fact, with the tax cuts that President Obama had in the recovery package, we have now 10 straight months of private sector job growth. So from day one, President Obama and this Congress have been job creators, at the same time giving tax cuts to the middle class, which do create jobs.
Is there an advantage to being less visible in the minority?
Pelosi: This isn't about – it isn't about me. Maybe the Republicans will take a course of action that will solve problems. God bless them if they do. But maybe they will pursue what they have said, which is to privatize Social Security, to make Medicare a voucher, to resist our initiatives. So it's – the opportunity that is there is to have clarity. Maybe they will be more eloquent in defining themselves than we could have ever been in defining them.
Listen to the full interview here.


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Motorcylce and rider aerodynamics simulation with STAR-CCM+ : streamlines and surface pressures showing the aerodynamic penalty from having the rider exposed to the airflow.
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The Federal Direct Graduate PLUS Loan is available to graduate students who have exhausted their Federal Direct Student Loan eligibility in an academic year.
Application: Graduate students may apply online. Graduate student borrowers applying for the loan will complete the Federal Direct PLUS Loan Master Promissory Note Application (PLUS MPN). A student borrower using the PLUS MPN will usually need only to sign a promissory note once, at the time they first borrow. To request additional funding in the same or subsequent years, the student borrower may do this online.
Deadline: Federal Direct Graduate PLUS Loan applications must be certified by the Office of Financial Aid by the last day of the semester. In order for the loan to be disbursed, the student must complete all steps of the Graduate PLUS Process at least one day prior to the end of the semester. The student must be enrolled at least half-time at the time of disbursement.
Eligibility: Students must be enrolled at least half-time (five credits per semester) in a degree graduate program. In addition, students must first exhaust Federal Direct Student Loan eligibility and be credit worthy. General eligibility requirements must be satisfied by all students to receive Federal Direct Graduate PLUS Loan assistance.
Loan Limits per Academic Year: The maximum students may borrow in Federal Direct Graduate PLUS Loan per academic year is the difference between cost of education minus other financial aid received.
Aggregate Loan Limits: There is no aggregate limit.
Interest Rate/Fees: Rates vary depending upon when the loan was first disbursed. Get current rate information.
Loan Reductions/Cancellations: Students may request the Federal Direct Graduate PLUS Loan be reduced or canceled. The request must be in writing from the student, not the parent. Please include your name, your Bloomsburg University ID Number, and the amount you want the loan reduced to. If the request is made prior to disbursement of funds, please send the request to the Office of Financial Aid. Once disbursement of funds has been made, students have 30 days to request the Business Office to return funds.
Repayment: Federal Direct Graduate PLUS Loan repayment for both the principal and the interest generally begins within 60 days after the loan is fully disbursed. There is no grace period for these loans. This means interest starts to accrue as soon as the first disbursement is made. The student may qualify for an in-school deferment as long as they are enrolled at least on a half-time (six credits per semester) basis. A student may take between 10 to 25 years to repay the loan, depending upon the amount borrowed and the type of repayment plan selected. Students may also pay the balance of the loan, plus any interest due, early and without a penalty.
Loan Counseling: Federal regulations require that first time Federal Direct Graduate PLUS Loan recipients at Bloomsburg University must complete entrance counseling requirements before receiving their loan funds. Federal regulations also require a student to complete exit counseling prior to graduation or at the time a student either drops to less-than half-time enrollment (less than six credits) or withdraws from Bloomsburg University.


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|Episode Description
|Tuesday, Jan 15, 2013 - 2:00 AM
"Antiquing In Chicago, Il"
The pickers look for something from the 1970s at the Randolph Street Market. Pickers also try to sell items bought at a previous flea market. Notable finds include a pair of mid-century fiberglass chairs, a modern coffee table and an Aunt Jemima clock. G
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Low Burn
Human Anatomy, Physiology, and Medicine. Anything human!
Moderators: honeev, Leonid, amiradm, BioTeam
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5 posts • Page 1 of 1
Low Burn
I've always heard one of the reasons diets don't work is, because, any time you restrict calorie consumption your body goes into starvation mode and lowers your BMR to conserve energy. Yet, there are very few times in your life, if any, when your body is completely free of breaking down and assimilating nutrients. Whether it's food in your stomach or your colon, the body is constantly in the process of digestion. So, if this is the case, when is your body ever really starving?
When you don't give it any food for a quite a while - while your digestive "machinery" stays activated, it's not actually digesting anything if you don't give it food.
As I understand it, starvation mode requires a really major drop in consumption - lowering intake, but not drastically, does not set it off.
As I understand it, starvation mode requires a really major drop in consumption - lowering intake, but not drastically, does not set it off.
Re: Low Burn
I agree with you wholeheartedly. But, why do our bodies seem depleted of energy, when we go without eating for say an entire day?
- Coral
- Posts: 167
- Joined: Fri May 19, 2006 1:47 am
JackBean wrote:the starvation mode starts already in the morning, that is, when you do not eat say 12 hours or even fewer
BMR = basal metabolic rate or base metabolic rate and the rate is controlled by relative hormonal signaling patterns.
Your body does not turn down BMR after only a day or two. You won't see that until well into true starvation at ketone bodies production begins to play a major role in energy supply. This really means that you have depleted all liver glycogen levels, gluconeogenesis is running significantly from glycerol-3-P, and levels of circulating glutamine are low. At this point in starvation, the body begins to signal with cortisol, glucagon, and other intercellular signals to slow down enzymatic activities.
The bodies activities really have to do with mass action and the availability of substrate. If the glycogenolysis released glucose dries up and lipid components like glycerol-3-P start going to blood glucose maintenance, then the body starts to sense those shifts. If amino acids start getting used for fuel and proteins have to be broken down for fuel, then by definition you are losing bodily functions. The loss of functions inside the human body are what cause BMR to decrease.
BMR does not decrease in food restriction diets that are done sensibly. This means that you never drop more than 1000 Calories from the diet at a time and never drop under 1200 Calories per day. I heavily recommend some form of exercise routine, but that is something that is another discussion.
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Follow the stars with one of the smartest values in a telescope and mount combination package. This package has the GP2 mount that, once aligned to Polaris, will help keep the movement of the stars centered in your field of view.
A first step in becoming an amateur astronomer is understanding the movement of the stars as our Earth rotates. This mount could be the last mount you ever need. It iis upgradeable and expandable, to the new Starbook S Go-To system Coupled with the versatility of the A80Mf Achromatic Refractor optical tube, amateur astronomers will spend countless hours of enjoyable observing..
The A80Mf with GP2 Mount comes complete with:
The GP2 equatorial mount comes standard with tripod and counterweight. It is easy to use and functions well for both the visual observer and astrophotography. The declination and right-ascension functions with 144-tooth aluminum worm gears allowing accurate tracking. Motion is controlled by included control knobs for accurate slewing. The polar altitude adjustment varies from 0° to 62° in altitude.
Optional single axis or dual axis motors and controllers are available as is a polar alignment telescope and setting circles. Add the new Vixen Starbook S with built in starchart for full Go-To capabilities.
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Linked by Kaj-de-Vos on Thu 15th Mar 2012 12:48 UTC
Version 0.2.5 of the new Red/System programming language has been released, after it celebrated its first birthday at the third Red Developers Conference. Bindings with the standard C library, cURL, SDL and SQLite that were developed over the past year are now properly supported on Syllable Desktop. Conference videos introduce Red/System and the bindings. Earlier, new floating point support was released (Mandelbrot screenshot; demo source, see the .reds file).


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CANBERRA, Australia, July 5 (UPI) -- Australia's Origin Energy and U.S. company ConocoPhillips will auction a $3 billion stake in their LNG plant.
The money raised from the sale of a share in the joint venture's Australia Pacific LNG plant at Gladstone and its associated coal-seam gas fields will be used to help fund a second stage of the facility's $23 billion development, The Australian reported Thursday.
Origin Energy Chief Executive Officer Grant King announced his company and ConocoPhillips had agreed to sell a 15-percent stake in the project, reducing their individual stakes from 37.5 percent to 30 percent apiece, but King declined to say when the auction would occur.
Currently Sinopec owns the remaining 25 percent of the APLNG project. Based on the $2.5 billion Sinopec initially paid for a 10-percent stake in the project in early 2012 before increasing its share to its current level, analysts project a 15-percent stake in the APLNG project would be worth about $3.2 billion.


text: DL Quaven Ferguson (6-4 280) of Easley is waiting on his first offer but is garnering interest from Georgia Tech and Maryland among others. He says these two schools ares showing the most interest. "I don't know too much about Maryland right now," he admitted, "But I do like Georgia Tech a lot. I like the environment and the atmosphere in the stadium. I like their coaches a lot." Ferguson called Tech his favorite but is planning to visit Maryland as well. "Yeah, I want to get up there to learn more about them," said Ferguson. He named Central Florida as another possible visit. Ferguson has heard from USC and Clemson but says it has been some time since either school has contacted him. "I'll probably camp at USC this summer," he said. "I don't know about Clemson." He is planning to camp at several other schools as well.


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Southampton's Adam Lallana popped up with a late equaliser to deny Manchester United manager David Moyes a home win.
Adam Lallana scored his second goal in as many games, with a dramatic 89th minute leveller for Mauricio Pochettino's Southampton.
Southampton, who went into the game in 4th place and four points clear of opponents Manchester United, started strongly, pressuring the United back four and central midfielders into numerous errors.
This was reflected in the possession statistics, with Southampton having 54% of possession on an overcast afternoon at Old Trafford.
Lallana flicked home the equaliser from a measly two yards out, capitalising on a Dejan Lovren header from a James Ward-Prowse corner. Up until that point, it appeared that David Moyes would ease the pressure on his position with a home victory.
Manchester United took the lead through Robin Van Persie shortly before the half-hour mark. Man of the moment Adnan Januzaj split the defence with an exceptional through ball, allowing Wayne Rooney to go one-on-one with Artur Boruc. Rooney's initial attempt was saved, but Van Persie was alert to slide in the follow up, defeating Dejan Lovren's last ditch attempted block on the line.
The goal was to prove to be the first goal Southampton had conceded in just under seven hours of Premier League action. The Saints went into the game with the second best defensive record in the top five European leagues, with only Serie A front-runners AS Roma having conceded less goals.
Moyes' boys should've put the game to bed long before Lallana's late goal, with Wayne Rooney thundering an attempt off the crossbar in the first half. Robin Van Persie was also to be denied by the woodwork, seeing his second half header from a corner cannon back into play.
The movement of the majestic attacking trio of Adnan Januzaj, Wayne Rooney and Robin Van Persie wreaked trouble across the Southampton back-line, with Jose Fonte being caught out on more than one occasion. Januzaj in particular was crucial to Manchester United's play, attempting to pull the strings, effortlessly drifting past the black strip of the visitors - having earlier signed a five-year deal with the Manchester giants before kick-off.
Whilst Southampton's opportunities were less clear-cut, Saints captain Adam Lallana turned in an imperious display in connection with the midfield partnership of Victor Wanyama and Morgan Schneiderlin. Lallana caught the eye, jinking past United players with a plethora of Cruyff turns and flicks, in connection with his high work-rate throughout the duration of the fixture. His performance will have only further justified the call of Mauricio Pochettino, who suggested that England manager Roy Hodgson may soon call up the Southampton midfielder.
Dani Osvaldo spurned a couple of decent opportunities for the guess, who continued to battle and create, albeit with very little end product. Southampton hung on to see off a turbulent ten minutes before half-time, as Mauricio Pochettino pondered his options.
Southampton talisman Rickie Lambert was introduced in place of the anonymous Jay Rodriguez fifteen minutes into the second half, as the visitors sought new opportunities in the final third.
Adnan Januzaj tested Artur Boruc to the limit with a rasping drive from twenty-five yards, but September's Player of the Month nominee pulled a save out of the top drawer. Wayne Rooney went close once again, finding a yard of space at the far-post. His headed attempt was low and well-placed, but once again Boruc was equal to the attempt, turning the ball away for a corner.
With time running out, David Moyes introduced Ryan Giggs, Danny Welbeck and Chris Smalling throughout the second half to steady the ship, as Southampton continued to turn the tide. A flurry of late corners were well-defended, but Manchester United were unable to hold out.
In the final minute of normal time, James Ward-Prowse whipped an intelligent corner into the penalty area, finding Dejan Lovren near the penalty spot. The Croatian international sent the ball goal-wards, but the slightest of touches from Adam Lallana saw Southampton's captain credited with the dramatic late goal.
images: © wonker, © Paolo Camera


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4BETTER OR WORSE- The week in review
Worst week for sexual assaults: A UVA student is attacked on Grady Avenue early February 21. Christopher Allen Noakes, 39, is chased and captured by police, and is held without bond. A couple of hours earlier on February 20, James Gardner Dennis is arrested and charged with raping an underage Albemarle female, as well as forcible sodomy, abduction, and enticement of a minor through the use of communications systems.
Longest sentence in area's longest reign of sexual terror: Serial rapist Nathan Antonio Washington is sentenced to four life terms plus 20 additional years February 26 for assaults dating back to 1997. A $55,000 reward is presented February 27 to the person whose information led to Washington's arrest.
Longest counterfeiting conviction: Landy Diaz, 29, and his wife, Letty Mellor, 33, are sentenced to 65 months in prison February 22 for credit card and identity theft after stealing credit card numbers from patrons of two Roanoke restaurants. Mellor worked as a server and swiped cards through a small electronic device that recorded information on the magnetic strip that was used to make counterfeit credit cards and run up thousands of dollars in fraudulent purchases. Two other members of the conspiracy have already pled guilty and are in prison.
Biggest murder trial redux: Jury selection begins February 19 in the second trial of James H. Long Jr. for the March 2005 murder of his ex-wife, Vicki Truax, and her boyfriend, William Browning– who used to be married to Long's girlfriend, Robin Browning, whose red Corvette was used by the couple's murderer. Long was convicted of first-degree murder September 13 in Orange County, but Judge Daniel Bouton reversed the jury's verdict and ordered a new trial because certain exculpatory material was not presented at the trial, according to the Media General News Service. Former Albemarle commonwealth's attorney Jim Camblos is the special prosecutor.
Worst county cop news: Officer Jeffrey Alan Turner is arrested on a February 10 domestic assault allegation and suspended with pay during an internal investigation.
Best expose: Buckingham County Supervisor Joe N. Chambers Jr. owes more than $4,500 in back taxes and penalties, Rob Seal reports in the Daily Progress. Chambers, who has been sued many times for nonpayment of debt, according to Seal, was last in the news in April 2006 when his logging company was sued for cutting timber without permission on 49 acres.
Latest Rick Moore news: The former Albemarle deputy commonwealth's attorney, who was fired after Denise Lunsford was elected in November and is now working in the Charlottesville prosecutor's office, is a candidate for a 16th Circuit judgeship that opened with the retirement of Judge John Cullen of Louisa. Bob Gibson has the story in the DP.
Newest dean: Paul G. Mahoney, 49, takes over the helm of the UVA Law School, succeeding John Jeffries, who steps down as dean this summer.
Fullest: Area reservoirs, for the first time since June 18, 2007. Water reached the top of the Ragged Mountain Dam spillway early February 25, but Rivanna Water and Sewer Authority cautions that area stream flows are less than half of normal for this time of year, and that voluntary conservation under the drought watch remains in effect.
Biggest conservation windfall: Albemarle County receives $403,220 from the state for its ACE– Acquisition of Conservation Easement– program.
Biggest rock-and-roll sob story: A nearly sold-out Van Halen show at John Paul Jones Arena is postponed without explanation to the reunion group's many heartbroken fans.


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Jones Lang Salle was selected by Nutley-based Hoffman La Roche Inc. to sell its nearly 2 million-square-foot, former U.S. pharmaceuticals headquarters, and research and development campus at 340 Kingsland St. in Nutley.
According to the announcement, the JLL team handling the sale was led by managing directors Thomas Stanton, vice president John Buckley, and managing director with the firm's Capital Market's group Joseph Garibaldi. The group will work closely with the Roch Divestment team and Nutley site management.
The Roche campus has more than 116 acres of land in both the township of Nutley in Essex County and the city of Clifton in Passaic County.
N.J. Chamber announces new April dates for postponed 'Walk to Washington'
NJBIZ announces list of Best Places to Work in N.J.
Survey: Winter weather is to blame for decline in N.J. manufacturing activity


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Business Results 1 - 10 of 10
Finding a Coffee Shop For TV Repair Near Me in Trevor WI
How to Find and Buy The Best Coffee Beans For TV Repair in Trevor WI
One of the most common questions I get asked all the time is how to pick a good bag of coffee. It makes sense, as everyone is looking for that perfect cup of coffee. However, it is a really tough question to answer.
After all, everyone has their own tastes when it comes to coffee, enjoying different flavors and strengths and everyone is at a different point in their journey towards that perfect, most satisfying cup of coffee. But despite the difficulty of this question, I decided I would try to tackle it, anyway. I know, I'm insane!
While ultimately the choice will come down to you, there are many things you can look for to help you find the best bag of coffee beans that you can prepare at home to make a truly spectacular cup of coffee. Let's examine everything you need to know about searching for that perfect cup so the next time you head out on a coffee mission, you can make the right decisions that will bring you closer to your goal.
What's In the Bag
First, you need to know what to look for in a good bag of coffee beans while you are out shopping. This will help you eliminate the bad coffee altogether without wasting your money on a bag that simply won't provide a truly impressive cup of coffee. There are a few things you need to look for in a good bag of coffee:
- Whole Beans " First, if you checked the title of this article, you will know I always mean whole beans. If you don't have a grinder at home, get one, as whole bean coffee simply provides you a much better experience when you prepare it. If the coffee you are looking at was ground by the manufacturer, avoid it at all costs.
- Roast Date " When buying coffee, you always want to buy fresh. Always look for a roast date on the bag of coffee beans you are buying and buy one that was roasted as recently as possible. If the shop owner tells you it doesn't matter, leave that establishment immediately, as they don't know what they are talking about.
- Coffee Roaster " When you are looking at coffee, look for who actually did the roasting. Respected roasters will be well known and you can probably even look up a few of them and find out a little about them before you buy coffee they have roasted. When you find a coffee from one roaster you really like, try the others they make as well. This is a great place to start when you are expanding your coffee palette.
- Where is the Coffee From " When I say this, I don't mean just the country where it was grown. Many coffee lovers will have a preference in location, but you can go ever deeper with your coffee search. Check to see where exactly the beans were sourced for roasting. The best quality coffee will tell you everything you need to know about it. If a coffee doesn't, or the owner of the local shop doesn't know, then chances are they are sourced from multiple locations, meaning you should stay away from that bag.
How to Find and Buy The Best Coffee Beans
TV Repair Favorite Trevor Coffee Shops Open Late
There are many business owners who work from home and like to take advantage of coffee shops open late all around the city in order to set up shop outside of their normal office space in order to just network with other people and even meet clients.
We do it quite often throughout cities in Wisconsin so its great to have a resource on Trevor coffee shops near me when out meeting clients in person (something a lot of TV Repair Trevor WI professionals don't get to do).
Never trust anyone who doesn't drink coffee ~ AJ Lee
Other Trevor Resources:
Trevor Events
Trevor Neighborhoods
Trevor Points of Interest
Trevor Uber Coupon
Trevor AirBnB Coupon


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AC Gearmotor 115 Nameplate RPM 144 Max. Torque 18.0 in.-lb. Enclosure TENV
- Item # 7CG69
- My Part #
- Mfr. Model # 7CG69
- Catalog Page # N/A
Using 360° Viewing:
- Rotate: Use top-to-bottom, side-to-side by use of mouse arrow.
- Zoom In: Double click on image.
- Zoom Out/Reset: Put photo at full zoom & then double click.
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Product Details
This gearmotor features rugged cast-aluminum housing with precision ball bearings and steel gears. In addition to variable speed capability, it also has the ability to change direction at low speeds and handle sudden stops. The sealed gearbox with universal mount is easily adaptable. It can be mounted in small spaces and in multiple positions. To assemble, simply rotate the gearbox onto the motor helical shaft.
Technical Specs
- Item AC Gearmotor
- Gearmotor Type AC Gearmotor
- Gearmotor Voltage 115VAC
- Gearmotor Phase 1
- Max. Torque 18.0 in.-lb.
- Gearmotor Shaft Type Single Right
- Gearmotor Shaft Orientation Right Angle
- Gearmotor Rotation CW/CCW
- Nameplate RPM 144
- Gearmotor Enclosure Totally Enclosed Nonventilated
- Gearmotor Mounting Position All Angle
- Gearmotor Brake Type None
- Length Less Shaft 8-11/32"
- Hz 60
- Reversible Shaft Output Yes
- No Load RPM 144
- Overhung Load 78 lb.
- Input HP 1/19
- Gear Ratio 12.5:1
- Full Load Amps 0.61
- Insulation Class B
- Thermal Protection Auto
- Max. Ambient Temp. 40 Degrees C
- Motor Type PSC
- Capacitor Required 9 MFD Capacitor Included
- Shaft Dia. (Dimension U) 3/8"
- Shaft Length (Dimension V) 1.13"
- Bearings Ball on Case, Ball on Motor
- Lubrication Grease Filled
- Finish Powder Coated
- Housing Die Cast Aluminum
- Gear Case Material Die Cast Aluminum
- Gears Helical and Worm
- Gear Type Helical/Worm
- Seals Lip
- Application Vending Machines, Ice Dispensing, Mail Sorting, Ticket Dispensing and DVD Kiosks ETC
- Standards UL Recognized/CSA
- Includes Capacitor, Conduit Box
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Modulargearmotors (409)