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Reports published April 8, 2013 in The Mexico Ledger
NORTH CALLAWAY BASEBALL: The North Callaway Thunderbirds baseball team traveled to Community R-6 on Thursday and came home with a 12-6 victory.
Paul Zerr, relief pitcher, picked up his second win. He pitched three innings, allowing 1 hit, 2 runs, 1 of which was unearned, and struck out 3. Caleb Harris was the losing pitcher.
For the offense, Justin Murphy went 3-5 with a double, had 2 RBI and 2 runs; Jake Kee was 3-5 with a double, 2 RBI and 1 run. Community R-6 had 6 runs on 5 hits and 3 errors. North Callaway had 12 runs, 11 hits, and 6 errors.
"We hit the ball well, we just need to work on defense," stated Kevin Oneal, who with the win recorded his 89th victory as North Callaway's coach.
North Callaway's record is 4-0 overall and 3-0 in conference. R-6's record is 1-1 overall and in conference play.
NorCal: 3-1-1-1-2-2-2
The junior varsity team won 12-5. Their record is 3-1.
PARIS BASEBALL: Thursday night was another tough loss for the Paris Coyotes against a very good baseball team, losing 8-0 to Northeast (Cairo). "We had a lot of good things throughout the game. I am proud of the way the boys came out to play and represented Paris," said PHS Coach Mike Fible. The Coyotes make a few key mistakes behind pitcher Steven Hayhurst, which they could not recover. 'We have a very young baseball team and are improving with every game. We look forward to a couple of practices to improve before our next game Tuesday against South Shelby," he added
Zac Blandenski was 1-2 and John DeOrnellis and Brant Francis were each 1-3.
Hayhurst pitched 4 innings, allowed 7 runs, 6 hits, 2 base on balls and 6 strikeouts. Brant Francis pitched 2 innings, allowed 1 run, 2 hits and struck out 2.
Paris is 1-2 overall and 1-0 in conference.
Paris: 0-0-0-0-0-0-0
Cairo: 1-0-4-2-0-1
COMMUNITY R-6 TRACK: After a rough start to the season, due in part to all the wet weather, Community R-6 finally got to have a track meet. On Thursday the high school track team traveled to Missouri School for the Deaf (MSD) in Fulton. R-6 came home with three medals: Kaitlin Orr received a second-place medal in the 800 meter run with a time of 2:51.47. Leah Mays received a fourth-place medal in the 1600 meter run with a time of 6:34.70; and Lance Gibson brought home a fourth-place medal in the 300 meter intermediate hurdles with a time of 48.96 seconds.
"Our athletes competed well in all of their events. Of course, like any sporting event, they had first meet jitters, but pushed past the nervousness. With the new additions to the team and some of our athletes trying new events – they didn't know what to expect," stated R-6 Coach Bob Curtis. This meet was a good indicator for the kids to gauge where they are now and where they need to be competitively. "Our season has just begun and we have a lot of work to do yet. Our athletes are determined to do their best this season and hope to bring home more medals," said Curtis.
The next competition is April 15 at Bowling Green.
100 m hurdles: Mia Knipfel, 21.12 seconds
100 m dash: Tina McCoskey, 17.21 seconds, Tyler Mays, 12.90 seconds
1600 m run: Lance Gibson, 5:36.22
200 m dash: Tyler Mays, 26.88 seconds
Discuss:Jewelee Winn, 70'11"; Keith Caldwell, 50'9"
Shot put: Jewelee Winn, 24' 11.50"; Keith Caldwell, 26'4 in"
Long jump: Mia Knipfel, 12'; Kaitlin Orr, 12'8.50"; Tyler Mays, 15'1.50".
Triple jump: Kaitlin Orr, 25'6.50".
COMMUNITY R-6 GOLF: The Community R-6 golf team opened the season at Mosswood Meadows Golf Course in Montgomery City on Thursday.
"This should have been our sixth match of the season, but with the bad weather, it was our first," stated R-6 coach Vicki Briggs . Nonetheless, the Trojans opened the season by shooting a new team low score of 203. Monroe City shot 234 and Louisiana shot 159 (they finished fifth in State last year and have four members of that team returning)
The R-6 varsity scores were:
Caleb Bertels 49, Chris Wieberg 49, Treyton Kobush 52, Sean Wilson 53, and Trever Hoyt 67. Bryan Allen shot a 66 and Alex Becker shot a 68.
Because of the poor weather, the team has been very limited with outdoor practice. "I think as the rust works off and with more play, we are going to see scores drop quickly. Nonetheless, it was a nice beginning for us," stated the coach.


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Shuttleworth advocated the idea of the major Linux distributions synchronising their release schedules, which would enable easier collaboration between the various distributions. Ubuntu is willing to alter their own release schedule to make such a synchronisation a reality.
El Reg continues, confronting Shuttleworth with Martin Owens, the Ubuntu Massachusetts LoCo leader. Owens said that PulseAudio, one of the big new features in Hardy Heron, produces a lot of problems instead of fixing any of the long-standing audio issues in Linux. Just like ALSA, OSS, and ESD, PulseAudio is 'just' another audio system, and instead of it being a replacement for the other three, it is added as the fourth audio subsystem, making the whole audio landscape even more intricate than it already was. Shuttleworth agrees the situation is "messy", and joked "I am glad you are not into video editing because the story there is worse".
Ubuntu Hardy Heron will be released tomorrow, so stay tuned for a review round-up from across the net - and there will be reviews, trust me.

subset: commoncrawl


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Gigabyte GA-M78SM-S2H Review
Over the last few months we have seen a lot of motherboards being manufactured on some great new chipsets. Intel, AMD, and now NVIDIA have been putting out some killer chipset designs that bring new and interesting technologies to us consumers and at competitive prices. Lately, there has been a big drive by the chipset manufacturers to create greener PCs to cut down on wasted power while keeping the performance edge needed. NVIDIA has followed AMD with its Hybrid Series chipsets, though NVIDIA took it one step further and included its Hybrid Power feature. NVIDIA released a statement claiming that all of its future motherboards will have onboard mGPUs to facilitate the Hybrid Power feature which will cut back power consumption when the discrete Graphics Card (dGPU) is not needed by turning it off and running only on the Integrated Graphics (mPGU).
One of NVIDIA's latest chipsets supporting Hybrid SLI is the NVIDIA 8200 chipset. The 8200 chipset has an integrated mGPU that can be used by itself or in conjunction with a discrete card to provide better graphics performance or lower power consumption depending on the dGPU it is paired with. Gigabyte has just put together all of this great technology in a microATX form factor, perfect for that HTPC or casual gaming machine, with the GA-M78SM-S2H motherboard. The GA-MA78SM-S2H has the features of larger and more expensive motherboards, but in a less expansive, mini design which is marketed toward users looking to make the mysterious Home Theater Computer for their home entertainment system. Will this design pack a Trojan Horse style punch in it? Let's take a look and see.
Closer Look:
The Gigabyte GA-M78SM-S2H, referred to as the Gigabyte 8200 herein, came to me in a generic Gigabyte "S2" Series motherboard packaging since it was a manufacturing sample sent to us for review. The front of the box has the logos of some of the features included in the Gigabyte 8200 motherboard, including the "Support AMD processors" and the "3DMark06 1500 marks" sticker. The back lists the Smart and Safe features of the board, including Express Install, @BIOS, Dual BIOS, Xpress Recovery, and more.
Opening the packaging reveals the inner goodies. There are two layers inside the box that secure the items during transport. The top layer stores the accessories needed for the motherboard and the bottom layer has the board itself. The motherboard is wrapped in an anti-static bag and placed on top of a foam layer to protect it from damage. Included with the GA-M78SM-S2H are two SATA cables, a floppy cable, an IDE cable, the I/O shield, and a driver CD. Since the board is a manufacturing sample, the drivers and programs came included on a burned CD.
Now that everything is out of the package, let's take a look at the board itself.


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Every day, Headworks International devotes its considerable resources to meet the world's demand for our most precious resource: clean water. The challenges facing the water industry change daily—to meet these evolving needs, we've devoted decades to continuously engineer innovative wastewater treatment solutions that have become industry standards. Our series of robust screens are the most reliable on the market, while our proven MBBR and IFAS systems are revolutionizing the way facilities are retrofitted and upgraded.
It takes a global company to meet the world's global demand for clean water: because life depends on it, you can depend on us.


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Recipe for Adventure: Paris
Hardcover | Grosset & Dunlap | Sep 03, 2013 | 144 Pages
When Zia Donatella comes to live with the Bertolizzi family, little do Alfie and his older sister Emilia know what's in store for them. Zia Dontella is determined to show the kids how a home-cooked meal is better than even the best take-out pizza or burrito. And when Zia's plan actually transports Alfie and Emilia to famous food cities around the world, they learn first-hand how food can not only take you places but can also bring you back home. Alfie and Emilia are transported to Paris, where a case of mistaken identity finds them caught up in the behind the scenes drama at a traditional French cooking school. As they explore the beautiful city of light and try to figure out how to get back home, they meet an incredible cast of French characters, as well as sample some of the best pastries and real hot chocolate that Paris has to offer.
Available now
Purchase your copy from these retailers:


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posted by Thom Holwerda on Thu 6th Sep 2012 22:41 UTC, submitted by Hiev
"This is an introductory overview post for the Linux Graphics Stack, and how it currently all fits together. I initially wrote it for myself after having conversations with people like Owen Taylor, Ray Strode and Adam Jackson about this stack. I had to go back to them every month or so and learn the stuff from the ground up all over again, as I had forgotten every single piece. I asked them for a good high-level overview document so I could stop bothering them. They didn't know of any. I started this one. It has been reviewed by Adam Jackson and David Airlie, both of whom work on this exact stack." Introductory or no, still pretty detailed.


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UED6032, New November 1980
Missouri CourthousesContact and other information about this county is available on the National Association of Counties website, http://explorer.naco.org/.
The original area of Dent County was formed from parts of Crawford and Shannon counties; the southwest portion of the county was added later. Present-day boundaries were established by the Revised Statutes of 1879. Commissioners first met in May 1851 to locate the county seat. First courts met in homes, but in 1853 county business was transacted in Salem, the county seat.
In 1852-53 a two-story, brick building was built south of the present courthouse. It measured about 20 by 40 feet; the county offices were downstairs, the courtroom and circuit clerk's office, upstairs. This building, built by J. T. Garvin for $800, was burned in the Civil War.
The next courthouse, built in 1864, also fell victim to fire in May 1866. This one-story, plank, 26-by-36-foot building, was located on the square. The fire destroyed county records.
By 1870 the county had recovered sufficiently to begin a new courthouse. In March the court accepted a plan from a St. Louis firm, Randolph Brothers, probably the work of Mahlon Randolph. A. E. Dye, who also built Dallas and Crawford County courthouses, contracted the 42-by-78-foot, brick building for $15,500 (Figure 1). An additional appropriation of $1,700 came later. A square tower with mansard roof topped by cresting and opened with dormer windows rises through the center of the facade. The round, arched, open base of the tower provides a foyer to double doors, which lead to a central hall. The courtroom is on the second floor.
Figure 1Dent County Courthouse, 1870-. Architect: Randolph Brothers. (From: postcard, Trenton Boyd collection)
In 1896-97 a one-story addition was made on the east; a 1911 project increased the addition to two-stories. Originally, there were two stairways, one on either side of the entry. About 1933 the north stairway was removed, and the space was converted to the treasurer's office. At the same time, the court authorized boxing in an area next to the south stairway to provide an additional office; the handmade walnut stair railing and walnut and cherry courtroom benches were painted yellow. Renovation in 1976 included new windows, paneling, suspended ceilings, remodeled restrooms and restoration of the building's trim. The Dent County courthouse is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Order publications online at http://extension.missouri.edu/explore/shop/ or call toll-free 800-292-0969.


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What is naturopathic medicine?
Naturopathic medicine is classified as an alternative healing method, but licensed naturopathic doctors share some of the same academic background as conventional medical doctors and can often prescribe some medications. According to the American Association of Naturopathic Physicians (AANP), naturopathic medicine is holistic care that addresses a wide range of problems including (but not limited to) allergies, chronic pain, digestive issues, hormonal imbalances, obesity, respiratory conditions, heart disease, fertility problems, menopause, adrenal fatigue, cancer, fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Naturopathic medicine aims to strengthen and empower the body and its organs to heal itself through low-force interventions. Here are some examples of the type of medical services often provided by naturopathic doctors, as cited by the AANP:
- Clinical and laboratory diagnostic testing
- Nutritional medicine
- Botanical medicine
- Naturopathic physical medicine (including naturopathic manipulative therapy)
- Hygiene
- Counseling
- Minor surgery
- Homeopathy
- Acupuncture
- Intravenous and injection therapy
- Naturopathic obstetrics (natural childbirth)
Can naturopathic doctors prescribe medication?
Licensed naturopathic doctors can prescribe some pharmaceutical medication. Naturopathic doctors complete academic training similar to that of conventional physicians: a bachelor's degree with a focus on pre-med studies, followed by a four-year residential naturopathic medical program whose first two years have a similar foundation to that of a conventional medical school. After completing their studies, they must pass a post-doctoral exam. Although licensed naturopathic physicians are able to prescribe medication, they usually focus on prevention rather than treatment of symptoms. A naturopathic doctor will offer a holistic approach to your care that encompasses your mental, physical and emotional health. While they will prescribe medication as needed to treat illness, they are also likely to be creating shifts in your lifestyle and nutrition to effect deeper changes in your body's response to illness.
How long do naturopathic doctors go to school?
Like conventional physicians, naturopathic doctors undergo rigorous academic and clinical training prior to practice. Typically naturopathic doctors go to school for eight years. There are currently 20 states in the U.S. that provide licensing for naturopathic doctors. According to the American Association of Naturopathic Physicians, a naturopathic doctor must complete a bachelor's degree and an accredited four-year residential naturopathic medical program, and pass an extensive postdoctoral board examination, the Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Examinations (NPLEX), in order to receive a license or registration to practice medicine.
The first two years of the residential naturopathic medical program cover many of the same areas of study as conventional medical schools. Naturopathic doctors provide primary patient holistic care. The goal of naturopathic medicine is preventative care and a focus on low force intervention healing methods. This can include natural medicines, acupuncture, hydrotherapy, homeopathy and much more. Naturopathic doctors often work in tandem with conventional medical doctors, as the two practices complement one another.
How do you find a good naturopath?
It's important not to get misled by the title "naturopath" when searching for a naturopathic doctor. A naturopathic doctor is a licensed professional, while anyone who so desires can call themselves a naturopath. A naturopathic doctor has completed eight years of schooling and is licensed to provide high-quality medical care. When searching for a naturopathic doctor, a good place to start is by researching your state's licensing and regulatory body for that profession.
Currently, 20 U.S. states license the practice of naturopathic medicine. For those seeking holistic, body-centered healing solutions, a naturopathic doctor can be a good fit. They use natural medicines as well as treatments such as electrotherapy and ayurvedic medicine to encourage the body to heal. Once you have determined a list of naturopathic physicians who are licensed in your state, look for reviews, ask for referrals, and interview the physician in person or by phone to find the right care provider for your health needs.
Do naturopaths take insurance?
Many naturopathic doctors accept insurance, but a separate question is whether your insurance covers alternative and naturopathic services. There are several steps you can take to find out:
- Verify whether you live in one of the 20 states that currently licenses naturopathic physicians:
- Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont and Washington.
- Confirm whether your insurance will cover naturopathic medical services. Read your insurance plan's fine print, verify whether naturopathic doctors fall into your insurance carrier's definition of a doctor, and confirm that the care you are receiving is considered medically necessary. Questions to ask your insurance provider could include:
- Am I covered for this treatment by a naturopathic physician?
- Do I need a referral?
- Is there a list of approved naturopathic doctors in my network?
- What will the co-pay be?
- Are there limits to my naturopathic coverage?
- Before seeking medical care, it's key to understand the difference between a naturopathic doctor and a naturopath. Anyone may advertise themselves as a naturopath, while to be a licensed naturopathic doctor, a person must complete academic and clinical training.


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Fabio Maldonado (18-5 MMA, 1-2 UFC) can cancel his ticket to England. Instead, it's off to Canada.
MMAjunkie.com (www.mmajunkie.com) has learned that after his UFC on FX 5 opponent Jorgen Kruth (5-0 MMA, 0-0 UFC) abruptly retired, Maldonado has instead been called on to fight Cyrille Diabate (18-8-1 MMA, 3-2 UFC) at UFC 154, which.
Verbal agreements are in place for the new matchup, but bout agreements have yet to be distributed. UFC officials have yet to make an announcement regarding the switch or Kruth's retirement.
UFC 154 takes place on Nov. 17 at Montreal's Bell Centre. While not officially announced, a welterweight title-unification bout between champion Georges St-Pierre and interim titleholder Carlos Condit is expected to headline the show.
The main card airs on pay-per-view following prelims on FX and Facebook.
Kruth signed with the UFC earlier this year to compete at UFC on FUEL TV 2 in Stockholm, but he ultimately scratched due to an injury. The Swedish striker today told Swedish outlet Expressen (as translated by Studio MMA) that his body, which has endured some 85 professional kickboxing contests
"I have been thinking for a long time," Kruth said. "However, I feel it's time now. I neither have the motivation or focus and my body doesn't respond anymore. I'm not getting the results that I want."
Maldonado, a Brazilian fighter, likely finds himself in a must-win situation. The fighter knocked out James McSweeney in his promotional debut for his 11th straight win (and 12th knockout in 18 career victories). However, he's since suffered back-to-back decision losses to Kyle Kingsbury and Igor Pokrajac.
Meanwhile, Diabate looks for his first two-fight win streak in the octagon after earning a majority decision over Tom DeBlass (who replaced Kruth on that fight card) at UFC on FUEL TV 2. Diabate made his UFC debut in May 2010 with a win over Luiz Cane and has since alternated wins and losses over a span of five fights.
For the latest on UFC on FUEL TV 5 and UFC 154, stay tuned to the UFC Rumors section of the site.
(Pictured: Fabio Maldonado)


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10 Salads to Eat for Breakfast
Ever since Gina shared her love (and a few tips) for the breakfast salad, we've been thinking of ways we can turn our favorite salads into breakfast-y things. A cold bowl of greens is transformed into a morning feast when topped with an egg or leftovers from the night before. Is it strange? Maybe. But for those days when you are feeling sluggish and a bowl of oatmeal seems well, boring, I can't think of a better way to feel nourished and excited than by a big bowl of greens first thing in the morning.
The following 10 recipes aren't necessarily intended for breakfast, but they have all the right textures and ingredients for an optimal breakfast salad. Have some leftover steak from the night before? Use it in the Thai grilled steak salad and maybe add a fried egg . Make a simple side salad for dinner the night before, like the arugula fennel salad with lemon vinaigrette, and simply add a poached egg or some sunflower seeds for added crunch in the morning, et voila! You're on your way.
Do you eat salad for breakfast? What are your favorite ways to get your fill of greens first thing in the morning?
- 1 Kale & Quinoa Salad with Dates, Almonds & Citrus Dressing
- 2 Egg, Spinach, and Spelt Salad with Green Garlic Dressing
- 3 Thai Grilled Steak Salad
- 4 Breakfast Grain Salad with Blueberries, Hazelnuts & Lemon
- 5 Collard Green Salad with Strawberries & Tahini Dressing


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Laura Rance is editor of the Manitoba Co-operator, and writes a column in the Winnipeg Free Press called "Rural Revival". This column was published Oct. 12, 2013. It addresses the issue raised in a recent Just Living post focusing on A&W's claims of offering ethical, sustainable beef in its hamburgers. A number of years ago, Laura Rance was keynote speaker at an Eco-Friendly Dinner, sponsored by Project Peacemakers.
A&W's 'better beef' boast challenged by producers
Chain switches to meat without hormones, steroids
|Laura Rance
(photo source: Ag in the City, 2011)
Through varying recipes, packaging and marketing, the name of the game is to give customers the perception -- if not the reality -- that your product is the best.
Product differentiation can be emotional as well as tangible. For example, free-range eggs don't look or taste any different than conventional ones. The price may be higher, but there's a market for them among customers who like the idea of the animals that produce their food having a life too. Different cereals have varying quantities of sugar and fibre, relative to whether the target is children or seniors.
So it goes in the burger business, where the battle for customers has moved beyond offering the most food for the lowest price to extracting value from differentiating products based on consumer preference.
In this vein, fast-food giant A&W announced recently from here on in it would only buy beef raised without hormones and steroids. What's more, it's buying from producers willing to operate that way, whether or not they are Canadian.
As marketing ploys go, it's a gamble for Canada's second-biggest hamburger chain. Beef purchased from sources not using these production aids will likely cost the chain more without providing any noticeable differences in the product consumers eat. Its value is purely based on whether consumers believe it's better. Hence the slogan "Better beef."
A&W doesn't say its beef is safer or more nutritious; it simply says it's better, based on what it is hearing from its customers.
"What we've observed from our customers is there is a lot more interest in the food they're eating, where it comes from," A&W's chief marketing officer Susan Senecal said in a Reuters report. "We've discovered that things like no hormones, no steroids are very, very important to our customers, remarkably so."
Growth promoters are widely used in the North American beef business because they create more beef more quickly with less feed. That means fewer animals, lower costs and a smaller environmental footprint.
Europe and several other major importers don't accept them. Just last summer, processors in North America stopped accepting cattle treated with a growth promoter called Zilmax when meat-plant auditors noticed cattle treated with it had difficulty walking. A&W is among several major food retailers in North America moving to offer customers the hormone-free option.
Meanwhile, organizations representing cattle producers across the country are pulling out all the stops to defend current production practices. They point out these promoters have been used for nearly four decades with no known detrimental human health effects. Without naming A&W directly, the Canadian Cattlemen's Association issued a terse statement assuring Canadians all beef is perfectly safe.
A recent Manitoba Beef Producers opinion piece worried about "foodie trends" and strategic marketing efforts that mistakenly romanticize past production methods as healthier, and which "want to push producers and farmers back to the rural lifestyle and production practices of the 1940s and 1950s. In other words, houses with no running water, wood heat, a standard of living below poverty, one-room school education, even longer work hours, etc."
Alberta Beef Producers (ABP) also chimed in, saying hormone-free beef "is different from the vast majority of beef that is produced in Canada, but in our view, it is certainly not better beef." It goes on to criticize these companies for seeking supplies from off-shore if local sources can't be found.
"We are disappointed these companies are effectively turning their backs on over 68,000 Canadian cattle producers and more than two billion pounds of safe, nutritious, high-quality Canadian beef that is produced annually from cattle raised using highly ethical and sustainable methods."
There are two ways of looking at this. Are customers abandoning beef producers or are beef producers so stuck in a commodity mentality that they are willing to pass on a growing market segment?
Laura Rance is editor of the Manitoba Co-operator. She can be reached at 204-792-4382 or by email: email@example.com
Republished from the Winnipeg Free Press print edition October 12, 2013 B6
-submitted by Gareth


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HIV-Associated Heart Disease
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00005229
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : May 26, 2000
Last Update Posted : February 18, 2016
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
|Condition or disease
|Cardiovascular Diseases Heart Diseases Myocardial Diseases Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HIV Infections
As AIDS reached epidemic proportions it became apparent that heart disease contributed to morbidity in this disease. By 1988, survival following diagnosis with AIDS had improved, and the impact of heart disease on quality of life and survival in these patients had increased in parallel. The spectrum of pathology which comprised AIDS heart disease was diverse and the contribution of cardiac disease to mortality was quite unclear. Unanswered questions included: which seropositive individuals would develop heart disease; what was the spectrum of heart disease in these patients; were there any useful parameters for risk stratification; what was the clinical course; was the etiology due to HIV or other infectious agents or immunologic; did anti-viral agents or immunosuppressive treatment affect the disease course?
This project was part of an Institute-initiated study on AIDS-Associated Heart Disease in Adults. The concept was approved by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council in September 1987. The Request for Applications was also released in September 1987. Awards were made in July 1988.
Asymptomatic patients were recruited from the azidothymidine (AZT) versus placebo trial, open label AZT trial, isoprinosine versus placebo trial, and Ampligen versus placebo trial at George Washington University Medical Center. Symptomatic patients were referred from nearby clinics. Baseline information collected included age, sex, weight, HIV risk factors, dates of seroconversion, total CD4 lymphocyte count, clinical symptoms, symptoms of AIDS-related complex, first opportunistic infection, development of tumors or neurologic symptoms, anti-viral therapy, chest pain, symptoms of and treatment for congestive heart failure, evidence of arrhythmia, and initiation of anti-arrhythmic therapy. Date and cause of death were recorded along with autopsy findings. Non-invasive serial electrocardiograms and echocardiograms were performed in all participants at baseline and every four months. Endomyocardial biopsy was performed in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy, those with echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular dysfunction or large pericardial effusions, and those with significant arrhythmias. Endomyocardial biopsies were obtained from ten asymptomatic individuals, five of whom had lymphadenopathy, and five of whom had no lymphadenopathy. Percutaneous pericardiocentesis was performed in patients with large pericardial effusions to obtain samples for bacterial, mycobacterial, HIV and cytomegalovirus cultures. The fact that the majority of these patients were participating in clinical trials of various anti-viral agents allowed evaluation of their effects on the development of heart disease. The second part of the project was a study of the pathogenesis of HIV-associated heart disease. Light and electron microscopic findings were examined in the heart at various clinical stages of HIV infection. Cardiocytes were examined for presence of HIV and other infectious agents.
The study completion date listed in this record was obtained from the "End Date" entered in the Protocol Registration and Results System (PRS) record
|Study Type :
|Study Start Date :
|July 1988
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|June 1993
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|up to 100 Years (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00005229 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
R01HL041507 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract )
|First Posted:
|May 26, 2000 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|February 18, 2016
|Last Verified:
|December 2001
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
HIV Infections
Cardiovascular Diseases
Heart Diseases
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Lentivirus Infections
Retroviridae Infections
RNA Virus Infections
Virus Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral
Immune System Diseases
Slow Virus Diseases


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10 Colorful, Spring Kitchen Goodies for Less than $20
We don't have room for one more glass, plate, or napkin in our apartment, and yet it's hard to resist when stores start trotting out all of the bright, cheerful kitchen items for Spring. They know how hard our winter was! We need colored straws! Here are 10 pretty, inexpensive items we're loving right now.
• 1. Lemons/Lemonade Glasses, $3.95 each from Crate & Barrel.
• 2. BÄRBAR Tray, $5.99 from IKEA.
• 3. Liberty of London Maynard Canister, Large, $19.99 from Target. Yes, we realize finding the Liberty of London for Target stuff is a March Madness all its own. Everything is out of stock. But we're hoping they will restock soon (and you can sign up to be notified).
• 4. Button Letterpress Coasters, $12 for eight from Etsy seller Sarah Parrott.
• 5. Party Straws, $4.95 for six from Crate & Barrel. These come in pink and orange, too.
• 6. Kaleidoscope Highball, $9 from Jonathan Adler. This entire line is cool, and it also comes in a blue/green colorway.
• 7. Jaipur Teal Floral Placemats, $15.96 for four from World Market.
• 8. Oil Misters, $12.95 from Sur La Table.
• 9. Party People Glass Markers, $6.95 for 12 from CB2. Little suction cups! A very cute alternative to the wine glass charms.
• 10. Medium Yellow Tubtrug, $13.99 from Tubtrugs. We just bought two of these to use as recycling bins in our kitchen. They come in a ton of colors, and Apartment Therapy approves.


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Today there are dating sites for yogis, doctors, lawyers, pet lovers, and of and women who identify as latino, hispanic, chicano, or spanish.
Amolatinacom offers the finest in latin dating meet over 13000 latin introducing amolatina connecting singles across the world to their ideal partner. Today, the prince of mexico is pleased to feature a guest post from sotiris, a latina dating expert from latinoliciouscom so, if you can't travel.
The best dating apps and websites for latinas and hispanic women.


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Joan DeWind Awardees
Every year since 2003, the Xerces Society has granted two to three Joan DeWind Awards to students who are engaged in research related to Lepidoptera conservation. Many award recipients go on to publish their research in scientific journals. You can find a list of awardees below, and see published work here. Click here to learn more about the DeWind Award.
Past Joan DeWind Awardees
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2018 award recipients
Conservation mutualism of a critically endangered lycaenid in the Florida Keys
Geena Hill – University of Florida, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity
Ants have mutualistic relationships with various organisms, including Lycaenid butterflies, where ants feed on sugary secretions from the larvae and in return may provide some sort of protective or physiological benefit to the butterfly. These butterflies may be negatively impacted by invasive predators that have disturbed their habitat, either directly by predation or indirectly by disrupting the existing ant-larval interactions, which may increase the chance of mortality. Knowledge is lacking about the protective benefits ants may provide to butterfly larvae against specific predators, such as invasive ants and predatory assassin bugs. This research project aims to study the behavior of mutualist ants and potential predators of the Miami blue butterfly (Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri), a critically endangered butterfly in the Florida Keys.
Assessing the effects of Pinus plantation aging on fruit-feeding butterflies in a grassland-Atlantic Forest mosaic in Southern Brazil
Lady Carolina Casas Pinilla – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
The southern portion of the Atlantic Forest includes highlands covered with complex grassland-Araucaria forest mosaics. Silviculture radically alters ecological succession dynamics and turns grassland ecosystems into secondary forests. However, we do not know the long-term consequences of this succession for forest specialist species. Thus, we have compared frugivorous butterfly communities in native Araucaria Atlantic Forest with Pinus plantations at different ages (20 and 70-years). This project aims to inform the conservation and management of Atlantic Forest ecosystems and assess the impacts of anthropogenic changes on natural landscapes on a large temporal scale.
Moths to flames: Low hanging fruit in a new light
Ashley Wilson – California Polytechnic State University
Artificial nightlight is globally widespread and has the potential to disrupt species interactions and alter distributions across taxa, but little is known about its effects on Lepidoptera populations and species with which they interact closely. In a manipulative field experiment, this study will measure larval production and predation dynamics of Tegiticula maculata, as well as the fruit production of the obligate mutualist Hesperoyucca whipplei, to observe fitness when exposed to artificial nightlight. The results from this study will help conservation efforts alleviate anthropogenic pressures by controlling the light pollution levels moths can be exposed to before affecting long-term fitness.
Assessing the potential for long term effects of road salt on monarch butterflies
Megan Kobiela – University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
Habitat loss is a major threat to butterflies, and restoring roadside verges is proposed to combat it. However, we know little about how increased sodium due to road deicing salt affects monarch life histories, how much genetic variation for salt tolerance exists, or how milkweed nutrition and defenses are affected by salt. This study will build on previous work to further quantify plant characteristics and elucidate tolerance mechanisms. This work will add to not only monarch-specific conservation efforts by clarifying how changes in roadside plant nutrition impact caterpillars, but also to our knowledge of how human-induced changes in nutrient availability affect animals' life history evolution more broadly.
2017 award recipients
Butterfly telemetry in mountainous terrain: a novel method to track and estimate population sizes for the Golden Birdwing (Troides aesacus) on Mt. Gongga in Garze Tibetan Prefecture
Zhengyang Wang – Harvard University, Department of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology
Butterfly movement in mountainous terrain is difficult to study. This study will develop methods to track montane butterflies using Troides aeacus on the foothills (c 8,000 ft.) of Mt. Gongga (c 24,790 ft.) as a model system. The study has two aims: (1) to use 0.2 gram transmitters placed on the upper abdomen of individuals of T. aeacus to estimate movement parameters using an insect telemetry system, and (2) to develop object-oriented Monte Carlo simulations using telemetry obtained parameters to estimate T. aeacus population size. This telemetry system allows researchers to monitor individual butterflies at fine-tuned spatial and temporal scales and has the potential to provide more accurate population estimates for conservation management.
Modeling the distribution of Plebejus optilete ssp. yukona in Alberta's boreal forest
Federico Riva – University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, Canada
Information on the North American populations of Plebejus optilete ssp. yukona (Holland, 1900) is scarce. In Alberta, less than 20 populations are known. Here, in situ oil sands deposits and extraction cover more than 142,000 km2 of boreal forests, including areas potentially suitable to this species. Following research conducted on P. optilete in 2015 and 2016, this study will test a species distribution model for the species using natural and anthropogenic factors. This will be used to assess its distribution at regional scales and the rarity status in Alberta, revealing if conservation efforts are needed to preserve the species.
2016 award recipients
Non-target effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on monarch butterflies
Paola Olaya-Arenas – Purdue University
Monarch butterflies are undergoing a long-term population decline. Although different factors are hypothesized to cause this decline, one potential factor is the exposure of their milkweed host plants to neonicotinoid insecticides when growing in close proximity to agricultural fields. Neonicotinoids are a relatively new class of pesticides that were recently associated with the decline of widespread butterflies inhabiting farmland in England and result in lethal and sublethal effects on insects feeding on nectar, pollen, and leaves. Evaluating the effect of neonicotinoids in the monarch–milkweed system will help guide restoration efforts that aim to protect monarchs and other Lepidoptera specialized on milkweed.
Factors associated with ant tending in Fender's blue butterfly (Plebejus icarioides fenderi): assessing an understudied and potentially significant mutualistic relationship
Cameron Thomas – Washington State University Vancouver, School of Biological Sciences
Fender's blue butterfly, Plebejus icarioides fenderi (Macy), survives in remnant prairie habitat in Oregon's Willamette Valley. Research involving habitat restoration has focused primarily on how invasive vegetation affects the adult stage, but recent work suggests ant tending of caterpillars may significantly increase population growth rate. In this project, we will systematically document ant tending and associated biotic and abiotic factors in Fender's blue larvae by its ant mutualists with a specific focus on the vegetation gradient among nine sites. Results aim to inform restoration efforts relative to vegetation structure during the larval phase, a stage that may be more significant for conservation of this butterfly than previously documented.
2015 award recipients
Gardening with good intentions: examining the effects of tropical milkweed (Asclepias curassavica) on monarch migration and disease
Ania Majewska – University of Georgia, Odum School of Ecology
Habitat loss is a major threat to monarchs and their spectacular migration. Gardeners attempt to counter habitat loss by planting milkweed in their gardens to provide host plants for monarch reproduction. Yet, the most readily available and easiest-to-grow species, tropical milkweed (Asclepias curassavica), might have negative consequences. This study proposes to investigate the effects of exotic milkweed on migratory monarchs and a monarch-specific protozoan parasite as well as a management technique for the exotic milkweed. This study will provide an evidence-based understanding of the impacts of exotic milkweed on monarchs and yield recommendations for best practices for home gardens.
How do butterfly metapopulation dynamics change in response to fire? Evaluating the impact of burning as a restoration method of remnant prairie habitat on a federally endangered butterfly (Plebejus icarioides fenderi).
Joseph Smokey – Washington State University Vancouver, School of Biological Sciences
Land managers using fire to restore fragmented and degraded prairie sites seek to understand how many sites and how frequently to burn to provide the greatest benefit to threatened butterflies. This study will use a mark-recapture study on U.S. Army Corps of Engineer sites in Eugene, OR, in combination with a fire model to evaluate relative benefits of burning entire, small but well-connected sites versus subdividing small patches for burn management in a Fender's blue butterfly (Plebejus icarioides fenderi) metapopulation. Results will provide ecologists and managers with insight into best practices of fire restoration for prairie butterflies.
2014 award recipients
Habitat enrichment for butterflies in tropical forest and urban landscapes
Anuj Jain – National University of Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences
Deforestation and habitat degradation are primary conservation concerns, reducing and fragmenting critical habitats and resources for tropical insects. As a result, many threatened insects cannot maintain their own populations and need intervention in the form of habitat enrichment. Experimental studies that manipulate key insect resources and quantify insects' response are lacking, despite these studies' great conservation potential. Using Singapore as a model system, our research will quantify the effect of a habitat enrichment strategy by using larval host plants and nectar plants for four butterfly species (two locally threatened) with different habitat requirements, studied across mature forest, degraded forest, and urban landscapes.
Do corridors increase gene flow in butterflies?
Yu-Hsuan Liu – North Carolina State University, Department of Biological Sciences
Many butterflies are threatened by habitat fragmentation, which causes loss of genetic diversity in their populations, deteriorating long-term survival, and diminishing restoration success. Corridors, which reconnect fragmented landscapes through strips of habitats, are a promising conservation strategy to reverse these adverse effects. However, there is not enough support for the theory that corridors promote sufficient gene flow to assist in butterfly population persistence. I propose to use two well-studied species, the buckeye (Junonia coenia) and variegated fritillary (Euptoieta claudia), in the world's largest corridor experiment at Savannah River Site as a case study to test whether corridors will be an effective long-term conservation strategy for butterflies.
2013 award recipients
Consequences of selective-herbidice use on butterfly populations: evaluating the magnitude and persistence of negative herbicidal effects on the demography of a lycaenid (Glaucopsyche lygdamus columbia).
Rachel Glaeser – Washington State University, Vancouver
Selective herbicides are a cost-effective tool for controlling invasive perennial grasses and improving habitat for plants and animals. However, these chemicals can potentially alter butterfly demographic vital rates and negatively impact populations. The field component of this study will examine the effects of a grass-specific herbicide on the oviposition and larval survivorship of the Columbia silvery blue (Glaucopsyche lygdamus columbia). A complementary laboratory investigation will evaluate mechanisms for how herbicides might deter butterfly oviposition. The study will characterize negative effects in order to improve spraying regimes and will additionally evaluate the use of a potential surrogate for at-risk butterfly species.
Conservation genomics of the checkerspot butterfly, Euphydryas editha: finding genes responsible for dispersal propensity.
John Schroeder – Stanford University
Many threatened butterfly species face rampant habitat destruction that interrupts metapopulation dynamics of colonization and extinction. These disruptions result from the isolation of a shrinking number of available habitat patches. Thus, reintroduction is necessary to replace the natural process of recolonization following local extinction. Refining reintroduction techniques is therefore important for butterfly conservation. This project seeks to develop genetic techniques to select optimal subsets of source populations for reintroduction. Specifically, it will determine the genes responsible for dispersal propensity, which can then be used to select a subset of the source population prone to remain in optimal habitat patches.
2012 award recipients
Lessons for conservation of montane butterfly metapopulations in fragmented habitats in the 21st century: The important role of local patch dynamics on metapopulation stability in response to climate change in the American Southwest.
Rachael Ryan – New Mexico State University
Montane butterflies occupying fragmented habitats have been identified as particularly vulnerable to the effect of climate change predicted over the 21st Century. The response to environmental stochastic events is controlled in part by the underlying population dynamics. For classic Levin-style metapopulations, with low dispersal rates, within-patch processes primarily direct population dynamics. The current study seeks to use genetic data from Euphydryas anicia cloudcrofti to understand within patch dynamics influencing the stability of the metapopulation, and use this data to model population viability in response to environmental stochastic events predicted for climate change in the Southwest over a 100-year time scale.
Land Use Abandonment in Eastern Mediterranean – effects on butterfly and moth communities
Jana Šlancarová – University of South Bohemia, Biology Center AS CR v. v. i., Institute of Entomology
The Southern Balkans belong to the Mediterranean global biodiversity hot-spot. As elsewhere in Europe, its biodiversity is threatened by land use intensification and abandonment. Negative consequences for Lepidoptera, well described from Iberian Peninsula, remain practically unknown for the Balkans. We will combine timed surveys (butterflies) and light trapping (moths) to detect abandonment effects on formerly grazed lands in Bulgaria, Macedonia and Greece. Proposed study regions cover the diverse natural and socioeconomic conditions of the Southern Balkans. Diverse data analysis approaches (community indices, ordination, life history traits) should provide a comprehensive picture of how land abandonment affects Lepidoptera in eastern Mediterranean.
2011 award recipients
The effects of anthropogenic landscape fragmentation on genetic connectivity of Rocky Mountain dotted blue (Euphilotes ancilla) metapopulations.
Elizabeth Paulson – University of Colorado at Boulder
Rapid rates of landscape fragmentation and associated habitat loss across the globe pose a serious threat to biodiversity and the persistence of environmentally sensitive species. Understanding the impacts of land-use conversion and increased habitat isolation on ecological processes such as dispersal and gene flow will allow for effective conservation planning and land-use management practices. This research will delimit the functional connectivity of metapopulations in an anthropogenically fragmented landscape through coalescence-based genetic analyses, in combination with geographic information system (GIS) modeling, using isolation by resistance and circuit theory to model butterfly movement between habitat patches.
Mechanistic Modeling of Monarch Range in Relation to Global Climate Change
Kelly Nail – University of Minnesota
Eastern North American monarch butterflies may serve as a particularly effective indicator species for climate change, in part due to their long migration that necessitates multiple habitats. Monarch butterflies have also previously shifted their migration patterns, which may allow them to better adapt to future climate change. This shift may already be occurring in Texas, where some monarch butterflies are thought to be overwintering instead of Mexico. I propose to study the degree of overwintering in Texas, the cold limits of monarch butterflies, and use this information to inform a mechanistic model of monarch range under future climate scenarios.
2010 award recipients
Landscape Genetics of butterflies:Exploring the effects of habitat fragmentation on levels of genetic diversity and fitness.
Lindsay Crawford – University of Western Ontario
Effective, long-term management of threatened species experiencing habitat fragmentation requires an understanding of the genetic consequences of such habitat change on populations. This study will investigate the population genetic structure of the bog copper butterfly Lycaena epixanthe in a naturally patchy habitat network and relate the observed spatial patterns of genetic diversity to (1) the surrounding landscape configuration and composition, and (2) components of individual fitness. Using this system as a model, the results from this study will contribute to efforts to predict future population trends and preserve evolutionary potential for threatened butterflies experiencing habitat loss.
Climate change effects on trophic interactions in montane meadows systems
Jill A. Sherwood – Iowa State University
This study will provide an initial examination of climatic trends in an effort to understand how interactions between Parnassius clodius butterflies and their host plant Dicentra uniflora may be affected by climatic changes. The results will provide insight into the phenological interactions of P. clodius and D. uniflora and be used as a proxy for understanding climate change impacts in many systems.
2009 award recipients
Impacts of Wolbachia Infection on Conservation Strategies for the Karner Blue Butterfly (Lycaeides Melissa samuelis)
Zach Gompert, Graduate Student – Department of Botany, University of Wyoming
Some populations of the federally endangered Karner blue butterfly are infected with a cytoplasmic incompatibility inducing strain of the endoparasitic bacterium Wolbachia. This infection may negatively impact the demographics of Karner blue populations. This research will use molecular methods to assess the Wolbachia infection status (presence or absence and strain of Wolbachia) of Karner blue butterflies from 16 populations covering their extant range. Additionally, computational models will be developed to predict the demographic effect(s) of the spread of Wolbachia to uninfected populations. Findings will inform Karner blue butterfly conservation strategies, particularly regarding the utility of translocations and reintroductions.
Filling in the Gaps: Characterizing Habitat Requirements of an Imperiled Butterfly
Erica Henry, Graduate Student – Science Program, Washington State University Vancouver
Lack of basic biological information about at-risk butterfly species is a key limiting factor in butterfly conservation. This study will fill information gaps for the Mardon skipper (Polites mardon) populations in South Puget Sound. Larval food plants will be identified and Mardon skipper habitat characteristics described with respect to oviposition site selection and general use areas. How the invasive tall oatgrass (Arrhenatherum elatius) impacts Mardon skipper behavior and oviposition will also be examined. Understanding these aspects of the Mardon skipper's life history is vital in developing effective conservation strategies.
2008 award recipients
Linking Local Behavior and Range-Wide Movement to Conserve a Rare Butterfly in an Urbanized Landscape
Allison K. Leidner, PhD candidate – Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University
Habitat loss and fragmentation by urban development pose severe threats to species viability. This research focuses on a newly identified Atrytonopsis species which uses heavily fragmented sand dune habitat along a 30-mile stretch of North Carolina's barrier islands. Combining local behavioral studies with range-wide analyses of population structure this study will determine the effects of habitat fragmentation and urbanization on the movement of Atrytonopsis. Ultimately, this information can identify features in the landscape that promote movement, and be used to generate conservation strategies that will help maintain the long-term persistence of Atrytonopsis. Read more about Allison's work on our blog.
Climate Change as a Threat to Geometrid Moths Along an Altitudinal Gradient In the North Eastern Andes of Ecuador
Genoveva R. Castañeda, PhD candidate – Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University
Climate change is predicted to change species' distributions, potentially decoupling interactions among species, with related consequences for entire communities. Ecological models and empirical data predict that these impacts will be more severe for montane species, as these species have upper limits to potential range expansion in response to warmer temperatures. This study will experimentally extend the altitudinal range of ants, the dominant predators of Eios geometrid caterpillars in the Andean mountains of Ecuador, in order to investigate the impacts that increases in global temperatures will have on ant-plant mutualisms and distributions of Lepidoptera.
Rising Treeline and Shifting Host-Plan Dynamics: Implications for a Monophagous Alpine Butterfly
Kurt Illerbrun, Graduate Student – Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta
Climate mediated treeline rise reduces the size and contiguity of alpine meadows worldwide, altering the ecology of alpine flora and fauna. On Jumpingpound Ridge in Alberta, Canada, treeline may be a major determinant of distribution and abundance for Sedum lanceolatum, host plant of the Apollo butterfly Parnassius smintheus, whose larvae are monophagous. This research will examine the effects of advancing treeline and herbivory on Sedum distribution and dynamics, and relate these effects to the observed responses in movement and herbivory pattern of Parnassius larvae. Knowledge of fine-scale resource usage by larvae will aid in understanding and predicting butterfly responses to habitat change in similar environments, with direct relevance to endangered lepidoptera.
2007 award recipients
Indirect Effects of an invasive gall wasp on a native butterfly, a possible mechanism for population declines in a threatened butterfly species
Kirsten M. Prior, PhD Graduate Student – Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame
Garry oak ecosystems are hotspots of butterfly and plant diversity in North America. They are under immediate threat, especially at the edge of their range, due to habitat loss and degradation as a direct result of changes in land-use. Population extinctions and declines of a native threatened butterfly species have been observed in locales that are surrounded by an urban matrix, which have outbreaks of a high-impact oak-galling invader. The importance of indirect interactions between these two species mediated by changes in resource quality will be examined to uncover a possible mechanism for population extinctions of this butterfly. As more locales in this region face the threat of urban encroachment, understanding the causes of population extinctions and declines of species in these changing ecosystems becomes increasingly important.
Responses of Butterfly Abundance and Species Richness to Mechanical Treatments of A Sagebrush Ecosystem in the Upper Gunnison Basin of Colorado
Tyler L. Hicks, Undergraduate Student – Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Western State College of Colorado
Native sagebrush-steppe ecosystems in North America are rapidly declining due to degradation, fragmentation, and destruction. The lack of natural disturbance and overgrazing has reduced the productivity of these shrublands. Mechanical treatments of sagebrush are being undertaken to increase its productivity. However, the affects of these treatments on sagebrush invertebrate communities is poorly understood. By utilizing butterflies we can monitor how an important component of all ecosystems, invertebrates, responds to these treatments. Here we will determine the effects of two types of mechanical treatment, Dixie harrow and brush mowing, on butterfly abundance and species richness within the sagebrush-steppe ecosystems of the Upper Gunnison Basin.
2006 award recipients
Biodiversity, systematics, and evolution of Schrankia, a cave and rainforest dwelling Hawaiian moth (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Matthew J. Medeiros, Graduate Student – Department of Integrative Biology, University of California
Hawaiian Lepidoptera have value as indicator species, as food for endangered birds, and as pollinators. However, many groups are poorly studied. One such group, Schrankia, is interesting because it occurs in two threatened Hawaiian ecosystems: rainforests and caves. Its ecological role and natural history are almost entirely unknown. This study has two main goals: 1) Document the diversity of Schrankia and begin work on a functional key and phylogeny for this group; and 2) explain the distribution and evolution of flightless cave populations of Schrankia, predicting levels of diversity for the Hawaiian cave fauna in general.
Studying the effects of invasive Argentine ants on Lycaenid butterflies
Jessica Shors, PhD Graduate Student, Stanford University
Many North American ants protect North American lycaenid butterfly larvae from parasitism, a mutualism carefully mediated by co-evolution. However, Argentine ants are displacing native ant populations. Because of the geographic isolation between Argentina and North America, it is assumed that Argentine ants cannot protect North American lycaenids. Therefore, Argentine ants have been implicated in the decline of many lycaenid populations, a dire situation because many lycaenid butterfly species are threatened and/or endangered. This study will test this implication with a factorial design, comparing lycaenid larval survivability for ant-exclusion and ant-inclusion treatments in habitat with native ants and habitat with Argentine ants.
Does timing and frequency of mowing affect butterfly assemblages in post-agricultural fields?
Jessica Stager, Graduate Student, Antioch New England Graduate School
Grassland butterflies are declining across the Northeast, and small post-agricultural fields may provide important refuges. These fields may also act as population sinks, however, if field-cutting interferes with key life history periods. This thesis aims to determine whether mowing regimes significantly influence butterfly species richness, abundance, and/or community composition in the post-agricultural fields of the Champlain Basin of Vermont. A non-technical report describing the results and recommendations of the study will be produced and distributed to regional landowners.
2005 award recipients
Using behavior to link restoration to population dynamics for an endangered butterfly
Leslie Rossmell, Washington State University – Vancouver
This study examines effectiveness of a habitat restoration technique which creates nectar-source buffers adjacent to endangered Fender's blue butterfly habitat. Understanding dispersal behavior is a critical component in designing reserves that serve as sources to bolster the population. Leslie will compare dispersal behavior in buffer areas with and without nectar sources to predict effects on population dynamics. Results of this study will enable better conservation by influencing decisions about reserve design. This behavioral approach links on-the-ground restoration action to population dynamics, a linkage rarely made in scientific literature and one with potential to greatly aid restoration strategies for endangered invertebrates.
Investigating the use of herbicides to control invasive weeds: effects on at-risk butterflies
Cheryl Russell, Washington State University – Vancouver
Northwest prairies support several at-risk butterfly species. These prairies are severely impacted by invasive perennial grasses and few management techniques hold promise in reducing these weeds. Cheryl will investigate the effects of herbicide exposure on at-risk butterflies by using the Puget blue butterfly as a model species. Larvae will be subjected to herbicide exposure followed by assessment of lethal and sublethal effects to make recommendations to land managers on the use of herbicide in these sensitive habitats.
2004 award recipients
Systematics and status of threatened Hawaiian leaf-roller moths in the genus Omiodes (Gueneé) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
William Haines, University of Hawai'i at Manoa
The genus Omiodes contains some of the most remarkable and anomalous of Hawaiian insects. Unfortunately, due to the impacts of non-native parasitoids and habitat alteration, over half of the Hawaiian species are thought to be extinct. In this project Mr. Haines will survey for populations of threatened Omiodes species, map these populations, and assess their status by scoring sites based on presence or absence and parasitism rates. He will also construct a phylogeny of the group, assessing the validity of currently described species.
Microlepidoptera of hill prairies
Terry Harrison, Department of Entomology, University of Illinois
Microlepidoptera are of substantial biological importance in prairie communities. Larvae of almost all microlepidoptera are a food source for a diverse and often specialized array of pathogens, parasitoids, and predators. In this project, microlepidoptera will be collected at eight different hill prairie sites in Illinois. Mr. Harrison will compile the first-ever dedicated species inventory of microlepidoptera in a prairie community within the original range of eastern tallgrass prairie. He will then analyze the data to test hypotheses regarding reserve design and management, which are of critical importance in conservation of endangered biotic communities such as prairie remnants.
2003 award recipients
Conservation status of species of Cydia, an endemic Hawaiian moth
Peter T. Oboyski , The University of California, Berkeley
This research will document the distribution, natural histories, and threats to endemic Hawaiian moths (Cydia spp.), as well as identify new species and outline their conservation needs. Hawaiian Cydia are extremely important to ecosystems in native Hawaiian forests. The larvae of these moths feed on seeds of endemic leguminous plants, affecting this plant's recruitment, and are the most important insect prey to palila, an endangered Hawaiian forest bird. However, much of the biology of this genus remains unknown. The initial goals of this project are to extensively survey for Cydia species, determine host plants and distributions, and document the native and alien parasitic wasps that depredate them.
Gene flow between populations of the endangered maritime ringlet (Coenonympha tullia inornata) and a common subspecies (C. t. nipisiquit), and its impact on endangered species conservation
Makiri Sei, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
The maritime ringlet is a Canadian federally endangered, rare butterfly that inhabits six salt marshes in northern New Brunswick and a few salt marshes in the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec. Makiri will study the genetic distinctness and the rate of gene flow between the endangered maritime ringlet and a common, closely related subspecies that may live in nearby grasslands. Hybridization with common species is increasingly being examined as a significant threat to rare species, which are often adapted to unique habitats. The use of genetic analysis at the population level is still infrequent in invertebrate conservation, but may determine if hybridization is occurring. This project will consist of three steps: collection of samples, DNA extraction and genotyping, and genotype analysis to estimate the amount of gene flow between the subspecies.
Publications by Joan DeWind Awardees
DeWind award recipient names are in bold.
Glaeser, R. M. and C. B. Schultz. 2014. Characterizing a contentious management tool: the effects of a grass-specific herbicide on the silvery blue butterfly. Journal of Insect Conservation 18: 1047-1058. DOI: 10.1007/s10841-014-9714-9.
Henry, E. H. and C. B. Schultz. 2013. A first step towards successful conservation: understanding local oviposition site selection of an imperiled butterfly, mardon skipper. Journal of Insect Conservation 17: 183-194. DOI: 10.1007/s10841-012-9496-x.
Illerbrun, K. and J. Roland. 2011. Treeline proximity alters an alpine plant-herbivore interaction. Oecologia 166: 151-159. DOI: 10.1007/s00442-010-1822-y.
Leidner, A. K. and N. M. Haddad. 2010. Natural, not urban, barriers define population structure for a coastal endemic butterfly. Conservation Genetics 11: 2311-2320. DOI: 10.1007/s10592-010-0117-5.
Leidner, A. K. and N. M. Haddad. 2011. Combining measures of dispersal to identify conservation strategies in fragmented landscapes. Conservation Biology 25(5): 1022-1031. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01720.x.
Medeiros, M. J., D. Davis, F. G. Howarth, and R. Gillespie. 2009. Evolution of cave living in Hawaiian Schrankia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with description of a remarkable new cave species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156: 114-139. With 11 figures.
Nail, K. R., C. Stenoien, and K. S. Oberhauser. 2015. Immature monarch survival: Effects of site characteristics, density, and time. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 1-11 (2015); DOI: 10.1093/aesa/sav047.
Nice, C. C., Z. Gompert, M. L. Forister, J. A. Fordyce. 2009. An unseen foe in arthropod conservation efforts: The case of Wolbachia infections in the Karner blue butterfly. Biological Conservation 142: 3137-3146.
Prior, K. M. and J. J. Hellmann. 2010. Impact of an invasive oak gall wasp on a native butterfly: a test of plant-mediated competition. Ecology 91 (11): 3284-3293.
Riva, F., J. H. Acorn, S. E. Nielsen. 2018. Narrow anthropogenic corridors direct the movement of a generalist boreal butterfly. Biology Letters 14(2): pii: 20170770. DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0770.
Russell, C. and C. B. Schultz. 2010. Effects of grass-specific herbicides on butterflies: an experimental investigation to advance conservation efforts. Journal of Insect Conservation 14: 53-63. DOI: 10.1007/s10841-009-9224-3.
Sei, M. and A. H. Porter. 2007. Delimiting species boundaries and the conservation genetics of the endangered maritime ringlet butterfly (Coenonympha nipisiquit McDunnough). Molecular Ecology 16: 3313-3325. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03384.x.
Stenoien, C., K. R. Nail, and K. S. Oberhauser. 2015. Habitat productivity and temporal patterns of monarch butterfly egg densities in the Eastern United States. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 1-10 (2015); DOI: 10.1093/aesa/sav054.


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U.S. Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission
Agencies Issue Joint Letter on Equal Pay in the Federal Government
WASHINGTON -- The U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) pledged to ensure "rigorous enforcement" of equal pay laws for federal employees, releasing a joint letter today. The letter will be sent to all civilian federal employees.
EEOC Chair Jacqueline A. Berrien released the letter at the EEOC's EXamining Conflicts in Employment Law (EXCEL) conference in Baltimore, the EEOC's premiere training event for federal sector equal employment. Chair Berrien said: "We cannot achieve our national commitment to equal employment opportunity until women are included as equal partners in every workplace, including the federal government. The federal government should be a model employer in every regard—including equal pay."
"Equal pay for equal work is the law, it's right, and its time has come. OPM and the EEOC are working together to ensure that federal equal pay laws are vigorously enforced in the federal workplace," said OPM Director John Berry. "Ensuring equal pay for equal work without regard to gender, or any other prohibited basis helps us recruit and retain the most talented workforce to serve the American people. While this wage gap is smaller in the federal government than in other sectors, much work remains to be done to ensure that the federal government is a model employer."
Both agencies are members of the White House's National Equal Pay Enforcement Task Force—which charged them with "providing a road map for federal agencies to increase compliance with federal compensation discrimination laws." More information about the Task Force and its recommendations can be found on the White House's website. On the Task Force, the EEOC is also focusing on private sector enforcement.
According to a 2009 report from the Government Accountability Office (GAO), the gender wage gap for federal employees declined from 28 cents on the dollar in 1987 to 11 cents in 2007. Of that 11 cents gap, seven cents could not be explained by differences in education, years of service, or other non-discriminatory factors.
While still significantly less than the current 33 cent wage gap in the private sector, and far less than the overall gap of 41 cents in 1963, the year the Equal Pay Act took effect, "clearly much work remains to be done in order to close the wage gap," the letter noted. Representatives from both agencies are working with the GAO to identify further causes of the wage gap and ways to combat it.
The letter points out that sex-based compensation discrimination is illegal under both the Equal Pay Act and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, both of which apply to federal sector as well as other public and private sector employers. In addition to gender, compensation discrimination is also prohibited on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, disability and genetic information or family medical history.
"We take our obligation to ensure that the federal government is a model employer very seriously, and are working to ensure that all federal employees have the opportunity to realize the promise of equal pay for equal work," the letter concluded.
The EEOC enforces the nation's laws against employment discrimination. More information is available on the EEOC's website: www.eeoc.gov. Additional information on the federal sector EEO process can be found at www.eeoc.gov/federal/.


text:
As a player, Trev Faulk was no stranger to success on the football field.
As a player, Trev Faulk was no stranger to success on the football field.
The Lafayette native was a semifinalist for the Butkus Award, given to the nation's top linebacker, during his junior year at LSU and spent four seasons in the NFL, playing for the Arizona Cardinals, St. Louis Rams and New Orleans Saints.
Now, however, the retired Faulk is looking for success on the sidelines as a head coach.
"Things are looking up in terms of coaching," Faulk said. "I'm really enjoying it, really loving what I'm doing and just a blessing to be able to do it."
Faulk began his coaching career at Northside High in Lafayette as an assistant coach when his playing days finished. In February 2011, Faulk was given his first head coaching job at Vermilion Catholic. In his first season in charge, the Eagles completed a perfect regular season and made the semifinal round of the Class 1A playoffs.
"I think you can kind of be optimistic," Faulk said of his early success, "but I don't think I could have predicted, or even imagined, that I'd start off my coaching career, and we'd start off going 13-0. I knew that we had something special early on just by the work ethic of the kids and the passion that they displayed for each other and wanting to learn, wanting to get better."
When Northside High's head coaching position became available, Faulk decided to return to the school for the 2012 season. Faulk led the Vikings to a spot in the Class 4A playoffs where the team was defeated in the first round by Salmen.
Faulk said he's pleased with the continued growth in his team as he looks to replicate the success he had at Vermilion Catholic.
"I think the exciting thing is, I'm starting to see a lot of those same characteristics in the team I have right now," Faulk said, "with the kids taking ownership of the team, a hard working group of kids that show up every day and give us everything that we ask of them. We're looking forward to a good season."
Faulk looked to help his players, and other high school players from around the state, improve on Friday while a camp counselor at the Pro Football Combine Camp, hosted by OrthoLA, Velocity Sports Performance and Elias Sports Management. The camp was held at Nicholls State University's John L. Guidry Stadium.
Faulk said he always enjoys his time at the camp.
"My late agent Albert Elias (who died in December) and his brother David, they kind of started this deal," Faulk said. "It's always a blessing to be able to come back and this year it's a little bit more special for me even because I feel like we're kind of honoring the memory of my agent."
One of Faulk's fellow camp counselors was also a family member — his cousin Kevin Faulk. Kevin, a three time Super Bowl champion with the New England Patriots, will begin his career as a coach this season at Carencro High. Kevin said having Trev to speak with has helped as he transitions to being a coach.
"His first year coaching as a head coach, I called him about every week to see how it was going, to see how they did," Kevin said. "Now, I just call him for a little advice on certain things that he's probably done before that I'm getting into."
Trev Faulk said things he learned from the coaches he played for, including former LSU head coach Nick Saban and former St. Louis Rams head coach Mike Martz, have helped in his success.
"Scheme wise, everything we're running now are things I've learned from other people," Faulk said, "and just kind of adding a thing here and there and combining a few concepts, but, I mean, I've been extremely bless to be able to play for the guys I played for"
Faulk said his unique situation as a former college standout and pro player who is still young has helped him create bonds with his players.
"I've been on the side of the fence that my kids are on, not too long ago, and I was fortunate enough to be able to do it at all levels, so I have a greater understanding for what they're thinking now," he said. "I've been on both sides of the fence so I think that helps us to relate to one another a lot better."


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Spot or Not: Deer Creek Gap
By Justin Forrest
This spot (or not) is located deep in south Orlando's suburbia. Wait, what? Another spot in Orlando? Indeed sir or ma'am there is. You'd think that everything would be found by now… but these little buggers are lurking everywhere, down creeks, off lakes and ponds, check under your pillow… you might just find a new spot (or not).
I had heard all about this gap, found by the late Andrew Krause, from friends and hadn't had a chance to hit it until recently. So the sunday after expo was closing down Mr. Hanson, Ben Horan, Brooke and myself creeped our way over to this little gem.
Nestled within a lush oasis laden with lilies, bullfrogs, and water dragons you will find the Deer Creek gap. Parking here is perfect, you aren't in anybody's yard so there's an instant plus. Upon arrival to said spot (or not), do not be deterred by the houses lining
the entire span of the creek, the homeowners are actually pretty rad. You have to walk through their backyards to get to the gap so respect them. Don't run through there leaving a trail of beer cans while teaching Mrs. Kirkpatrick's 3 year old son a new vocabulary and you will be rewarded with a hearty day of winching.
The spot itself is pretty immaculate as far as shredding goes. No real hazards to worry about. As i mentioned before, there are water dragons… well… one water dragon. Rupert, as I have come to know him lives a life of solace in Deer Creek and at 3 ft. long he's not posing a threat to anybody. The walk out is kind of a pain, having to get the rope over and around these metal barriers, warning of the consequences one may suffer as a result of walking on the dam. The takeoff and landing are surprisingly deep, so you can focus less on falling right, and more on sticking your trick.
So Riding up to the gap, you are looking at about a 4-5 foot drop, and about a 5 foot gap. There are two hubba like structures protruding about 5 feet from the dam that would not be nice to fall into, but make a great obstacle for doing stuff over. Easily doable at 20+ mph. The water was a little low on the particular afternoon we went, so the lilypads covered pretty much all of the takeoff.That aside this Spot (or not) is pretty much Perfect.


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Another Trip Down Memory Lane... All In The Family...
I was born in 1951 and I have never lived without electricity, though in my very early childhood, our electricity was produced by a wind charger. The Rural Electrification Administration (REA) lines hadn't yet been brought out south of Johnstown, Nebraska.
I never saw a sad iron in use, but there were a couple of old sad irons in our attic at Rose, Nebraska, where we moved when I was six. I suppose some housewife stored them there when she got electricity and an electric iron.
I do remember life before clothing care was revolutionized by steam irons, polyester blends and clothes dryers. In the mid-1950's (as early as I can remember), "wash and wear" garments made of a cotton-acrylic blend had just recently been introduced. Many garments were still 100% cotton and they required ironing, especially if they were dried on the clothesline as nearly all clothing was.
A few devices had been invented to help with the wrinkle problem. My mother had stretchers that were large adjustable wire rectangles. She slipped a stretcher into each leg of wet pants so they would dry with less wrinkles.
When it was time to iron, the clothes had to be sprinkled. My mother had a metal stopper with holes in it like a salt shaker top. She filled a soda bottle with water, put the stopper on top, and sprinkled water over the clothes that needed ironing. Then she rolled each garment so the dampness would diffuse and packed it into the clothes basket to sit for a little while before ironing.
I guess spray bottles hadn't been invented yet. Sprinkle bottles were used by all the housewives. You could buy the sprinkle tops for soda bottles at any dime store. They had a cork base to fit the soda bottle's opening tightly. If you were a fancier person, you could buy a ceramic sprinkle bottle with a whimsical shape.
I don't remember my mother ever keeping the sprinkled clothing in the refrigerator, but I've heard that housewives did that. The coolness delayed the mildew and sour odors that could develop if clothing wasn't ironed the same day that it was sprinkled.
I think I might have been six or seven years old when Mama taught me to iron the handkerchiefs and pillow cases. Keeping up with the ironing was a huge chore and it helped a bit to have me do those few things. She was a better woman than I am. I am not sure I would have bothered with ironing my husband's everyday handkerchiefs.
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A Plymouth County jury began deliberating Monday after hearing closing arguments in the murder trial of Orlando Kavanaugh and Terrell Nicholas, the two men accused of planning a 2011 Rockland home invasion that ended with the shooting death of 36-year-old Tina Gonsalves.
After two weeks of often-inconsistent testimony, 12 jurors must decide whether they can trust the words of a man who admitted to leaving his apartment to hide evidence while his mother lay bleeding to death in the living room.
The Plymouth County jury began deliberating Monday after hearing closing arguments in the murder trial of Orlando Kavanaugh and Terrell Nicholas, the two men accused of planning a 2011 Rockland home invasion that ended with the shooting death of 36-year-old Tina Gonsalves. Deliberations were expected to continue this morning.
Like much of the trial, Monday's closing arguments focused largely on the credibility of Gonsalves' younger son, Aaron Dorsett, who told police he was sleeping in the living room of the family's Concord Street apartment when Kavanaugh broke into the house armed with a handgun. Police say Kavanaugh ran out of the house after Dorsett shot him and was driven to a Brockton emergency room in a pickup truck driven by Nicholas.
Nicholas' attorney, David Sorrenti, sought to paint Dorsett as a "pathological liar" who lied to prosecutors for two years about where he got the gun he used to shoot the intruder, giving them a false story even after they agreed not to charge him for illegally possessing it. In his own testimony two weeks ago, Dorsett acknowledged that he did not tell the truth about the gun until the day before the trial was to begin.
Kavanaugh's attorney, Robert Griffin, suggested that Dorsett may have lied about the armed robbery as well, saying it was "equally likely" that Kavanaugh had come to the house to buy marijuana when Dorsett decided "to take Mr. Kavanaugh off."
"He lied to police, he lied to the grand jury and he lied to you," Griffin said. "The man is allergic to the truth."
In his closing statement, Assistant District Attorney Thomas Flanagan acknowledged that Dorsett had lied frequently to investigators, but he told jurors they could rely on Dorsett's testimony because his account of the shooting was supported by corroborating evidence, including ballistics evidence from the home. He reminded the jury that Kavanaugh's blood was found in the Gonsalves home and the truck Nicholas had rented.
"I'm not asking you to take Aaron Dorsett on his word," he told the jury.
The defense, however, sought to raise doubts about investigators' interpretation of some evidence, including a series of text messages that police said showed Kavanaugh and Nicholas discussing their plans for robbing the Gonsalves family.
In one exchange, Kavanaugh is alleged to have asked, "When we moving?'' to which Nicholas allegedly replied, "like @sunrise b4 the crackers get up," followed by, "or we can do it sooner!"
Griffin called the text messages "cryptic" and said it wasn't clear what they were about. He argued that the term "cracker" – a pejorative for white people – didn't seem to apply to Gonsalves and her family.
Sorrenti also urged jurors to consider the evidence against the two men separately, noting that the prosecution had offered no evidence tying Nicholas to the scene of the shooting. He told jurors that the fact that Nicholas had rented the pickup truck seen leaving Gonalves' apartment did not mean he was necessarily the one driving it the night of the shooting.
"They cannot put a person behind the wheel of that truck," he said.
Flanagan, however, reminded jurors that Nicholas had abandoned the rented pickup in Dorchester after the shooting and disappeared for three months, failing even to contact his girlfriend. Flanagan pointed to the testimony of a relative who said Nicholas called shortly after the shooting asking for bus money to help him get out of town.
"What does that tell you, when a man leaves everything?" he asked the jury.
Contact Neal Simpson at firstname.lastname@example.com or follow him on Twitter @NSimpson_Ledger.
READ MORE about Tina Gonsalves.


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Among all the mind-numbing political ads on television over the past few weeks, one 10-second spot stood out for its comic relief:
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The Game Speaks On Jimmy Henchmen's Arrest! "We Cant Even See Bin Laden's Body So Why We Believe Something They Saying About Jimmy" + 2Pac Allegations "Its Just An Accusation. Dude Who Said That Is Facing Life In Prison"
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The controversial actress Lindsay Lohan is set to star in the promo after with her new friend Gaga, who she spent time with at the Chateau Marmont hotel in Hollywood recently.
A source told the New York Post newspaper: "Lady Gaga and Lindsay caused a stir last month when they had their 'sleepover' at the Chateau. And now it turns out that Lindsay will be starring in Gaga's new video from her upcoming album."
Although she will reportedly appear in a video, it is not known what song it will be for, or when, as Gaga has only just revealed the title of the album, 'ARTPOP', and little else.
However, insiders think the project will be great exposure for Lindsay's career, which has stalled after she ran into legal problems for being caught driving under the influence (DUI) in 2007, which snowballed and eventually saw her jailed, placed under house arrest and undertake community service.
The source added: "Due to Gaga's superstar status, this would be Lindsay's biggest role by far in many, many years."
Since staging her comeback this year, Lindsay has filmed in TV movie 'Liz & Dick' - about the romance between Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton - and starred opposite porn star James Deen in 'The Canyons', but she has not broken back into mainstream Hollywood.
Gaga recently finished filming her first ever film role, in Robert Rodriguez's new film 'Machete Kills.'


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By Rupert Fryer
Picking up the ball some 30 yards from goal, ducking inside one, outside a second, and skipping past a third before evading a final defender to dispatch it wide of the on-rushing keeper and into the far corner, it was a goal that would be replayed over and over again.
News stations across Argentina ran it in split screen, with Diego Maradona's wonderful solo effort from 1986 taking up the other half of the picture. The nation's finest player was once again being compared to him: 'El Diego'. Except this time the ball was considerably smaller, and the person in question was carrying a stick.
Luciana Aymar had cemented her status as the world's finest hockey player with a stunning goal against China – one almost identical to Maradona's second against Belgium in Mexico '86. Aymar would go on to inspire her side to the 2010 Women's Hockey World Cup, and was named player of the tournament.
Who's better, they asked, Aymar or Maradona? It served as a reminder that every one of the nation's top players, regardless of the sport, lived in a post-Diego Argentina.
The previous occasion on which we were shown a Maradona goal from '86 replayed in split-screen was his second against England and the other half of the picture showed Lionel Messi's astonishing and eerily similar goal against Getafe in 2007. Messi has earned the comparisons ever since wandering onto the Camp Nou field as a squat, scruffy teenager around a decade ago.
|MARADONA v MESSI - THE STATISTICS
|678 games / 344 goals
|435 games / 335 goals
|90 games / 33 goals
|76 games /31 goals
|21 games / 12 goals
|8 games / 1 goal
|6 games / 2 goals
|76 games / 58 goals
| 1 World Cup
1 Argentine league
2 Italian leagues
1 Copa del Rey
1 Coppa Italia
1 Uefa Cup
| 5 Spanish leagues
2 Copa del Reys
3 Champions Leagues
2 Uefa Super Cups
2 Club World Cups
As he has continued his development into the finest player on the planet, the comparisons have gone into overdrive. And everyone's had their say.
In 2011, Maradona's former team-mate Ossie Ardiles said Messi would one day surpass 'El Diego'. A year later Ardiles said Messi was now the "best ever". Legendary coach Carlos Bianchi agreed, as did former Uruguay international Enzo Francescoli, and a whole host of others.
Then there were those in the Maradona camp, including Messi's former coach Pep Guardiola, who said: "Maradona is the best I've ever seen." Meanwhile, one of the oracles of football journalism, Brian Glanville, said last year that Messi still sits behind Maradona, Pele and Alfredo Di Stefano.
There is no absolute barometer for measuring talent. And with football a game of infinite variables, even the data isn't conclusive. Messi has crushed just about every goalscoring record anyone's even bothered to keep track of.
His current goals-to-game ratio far exceeds Maradona's, while comparing the final list of medals at club level, it is certainly fair to argue Messi's achievements far outweigh those of 'El Diego', with five league championships and three Champions League titles to his name.
|Lionel Messi will go down in history as the No. 1 player of all time, the best that there ever was.
- Ossie Ardiles
Meanwhile, Maradona earned just three league titles over the course of his career, one with Boca Juniors, and then two with Napoli, along with one Coppa Italia and a Uefa Cup victory.
Both played for Barcelona but then they were two very different Barcelonas. "Without Messi, [Barcelona] are still the best but with him they are from another galaxy," said Germany sporting director Robin Dutt. The same cannot be said for the Barcelona side during Maradona's short stay in Catalunya.
The ultimate test of any player is probably to what degree he improves those around them. Both Messi and Maradona undoubtedly did that, but in very different ways. "Maradona always took charge of the team," Cesar Luis Menotti (who overlooked Maradona, then 17, for his Argentina squad that lifted the World Cup in 1978) told Telam last year. "Diego naturally took responsibility. Instead Messi plays a part, important though it is, in the operation of an orchestra as excellently tuned as Barcelona."
What truly cemented Maradona's place in the pantheon of the game's all-time greats were his performances in the World Cups of 1986 and 1990. Specifically '86. Maradona had point to prove after having been left out of the squad in '78 and then being sent off against Brazil as Argentina crashed out in the group stage in '82. He arrived in Mexico four years later at the peak of his powers, and bagged five goals, including that effort against England, and was named player of the tournament as he inspired Argentina to the title. "Diego Maradona had been as great a hero as Pele in 1970," wrote Glanville.
The year 2010 was supposed to be Messi's ''86', but it didn't quite work out. Unable to drag - ironically - Maradona's desperately flawed team past a rampant Germany was held up as proof that the Barca man had yet to reach Diego's level. But the game has changed. International football is no longer the benchmark it once was.
|Diego naturally took responsibility. Instead Messi plays a part, important though it is, in the operation of an orchestra as excellently tuned as Barcelona.
- Cesar Luis Menotti
The Champions League is arguably the main competition where the world's best congregate to test themselves against one another – a tournament in which Messi has the been the top scorer for the last four years running: an unprecedented record.
With the 25-year-old in a position to go on performing at this rate for another five to seven years, future generations are likely to rate him higher than Maradona. But should it matter? Both have captured our imaginations.
"I was nine when we won the World Cup in 1986 and I still remember exactly where I was for each of those seven matches," says Goal.com Argentina managing editor Sebastian Garcia.
"I remember who I hugged and with whom I cried. I remember how I felt before each match and I remember how special it was to go out on the streets to celebrate that there was no other nation better than us at football, and that nobody was fit to tie Diego's shoe laces … And now, every time I see Messi play, I feel like I'm nine again."
Perhaps this is what really matters.


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Choosing the Right Law School / Re: UNLV vs Rutgers-Camden vs LSU?« on: March 19, 2009, 06:37:36 PM »
Hi All,
Been accepted to Rutgers-Camden, LSU, and UNLV, each with a scholarship so that tuition costs are practically the same across all. For background, I'm an east coaster, but could see myself living in Vegas for quite a while post-graduation, and potentially Baton Rouge too. Would definitely live in the schools location for at least a few years post-grad, but probably coming back to the east coast/mid-atlantic/new england area eventually.
I have my own list of pros and cons for each school, but would love to hear what you guys think of these three choices. Where would you pick and why?
...no longer a "hopeful"...I'll be a 1L somewhere in 09!
If you want to position yourself with a decent chance to work on the East Coast, you should go to Rutgers.


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Johnson wins 4th straight Nextel Cup race
by Greg Cozzo
Avondale, AZ – When some predicted a much tamer driving style for Jimmie Johnson after his win in Texas last week, someone forgot to tell the driver of the #48 Lowes Chevrolet. During moments of the race it looked like Johnson was the driver sitting second in points while taking chances and running three wide. Johnson turned risk into reward with his first ever victory at the tight one mile oval, fourth straight win and tenth of the season.
Ironically enough, the last time a driver won four in a row,
Jeff Gordon completed the feat in 1998 on his way to 13 victories that
season and a NASCAR Championship for Hendrick Motorsports.
Fifth on a restart on Lap 275, after the 10th caution of the
race, Johnson moved quickly to the front, passing Matt Kenseth for second
position on Lap 283 and powering past Martin Truex Jr. for the lead on Lap
288 of the 312-lap race.
Gordon struggled with the handling of his No. 24 Chevrolet
throughout the race, though he ran as high as second after the leaders got
off-sequence on pit stops. Gordon restarted fourth and Johnson 10th after a
caution for Kasey Kahne's wreck on Lap 148, but Johnson ran down Gordon for
the second position 25 laps later, as the No. 48 began to assert its
Johnson's 33rd career victory extended his 2007 NASCAR
NEXTEL Cup lead to 86 points heading to south Florida for the season finale,
the Ford 400, from Homestead Miami Speedway. He can wrap up his second
straight championship with a finish of 18th or better next weekend. Sitting
in almost the same position he was in going into Homestead last year,
Johnson admits this will be a long week:
Hendrick Motorsports has dominated 2007 with three teams in
the Chase (Johnson, Gordon & Kyle Busch) and 18 wins in 35 NASCAR NEXTEL Cup
races. This win was also a testament to the focus from the #48 team as this
marked their 11th win during the new Chase format. The next best team has
only four victories.
* Denotes Rookie
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