text:
The Liberty Scam
Why even Robert Nozick, the philosophical father of libertarianism,
gave up on the movement he inspired.
By Stephen Metcalf
Robert Nozick
1. 1.
Recently, I overheard a fellow Amtraker back off a conversation on politics. "You know, it's
because I'm a libertarian," he said, sounding like a vegetarian politely declining offal. Later
that afternoon, in the otherwise quite groovy loft I sometimes crash at in SoHo, where one
might once have expected,say, Of Grammatology or at least a back issue ofElle Decor, there
sat not one but two copies of something called The Libertarian Reader. "Libertarianism"
places one—so believes the libertarian—not on the political spectrum but slightly above it,
and this accounts for its appeal to both the tricorne fringe and owners of premium real
estate. Liberty's current bedfellows include Paul Ryan (his staffers are assigned Atlas
Shrugged), Glenn Beck (he flogged The Road to Serfdom onto the best-seller list), Slate Slate's Jack
Shafer, South Park, the founder of Whole Foods, this nudnik, P.J. O'Rourke, now David
Mamet, and to the extent she cares for anything beyond her own naked self-interest—oh,
wait, that is libertarianism—Sarah Palin.
With libertarianism everywhere, it's hard to remember that as recently as the 1970s, it was
nowhere to be found. Once the creed of smart set rogues, H.L. Mencken among them,
libertarianism all but disappeared after the Second World War. What happened? The single
most comprehensive, centrally planned, coordinated governmental action in history—
that's what happened. In addition to defeating fascism, the Second World War acted as a
magnificent sieve, through which almost no one, libertarians included, passed unchanged.
(To pick one example: Lionel Robbins, the most prominent anti-Keynesian before the war,
served as director of the economic division of the British War Cabinet; after the War,
Robbins presided over the massive expansion of the British higher education system.) By
the '50s, with Western Europe and America free, prosperous, happy, and heavily taxed,
libertarianism had lost its roguish charm. It was the Weltanschauung of itinerant cranks:
Ronald Reagan warming up the Moose Lodge; Ayn Rand mesmerizing her Saturday night
sycophants; the Reader's Digest economist touting an Austrian pedigree.
Libertarians will blanch at lumping their revered Vons—Mises and Hayek—in with the
nutters and the shills. But between them, Von Hayek and Von Mises never seem to have
held a single academic appointment that didn't involve a corporate sponsor. Even the
renowned law and economics movement at the University of Chicago was, in its inception,
heavily subsidized by business interests. ("Radical movements in capitalist societies," as
Milton Friedman patiently explained, "have typically been supported by a few wealthy
individuals.") Within academia, the philosophy of free markets in extremis was rarely
embraced freely—i.e., by someone not on the dole of a wealthy benefactor. It cannot be
stressed enough: In the decades after the war, a kind of levee separated polite discourse
from free-market economics. The attitude is well-captured by John Maynard Keynes, who
wrote in a review of Hayek's Prices and Production: "An extraordinary example of how,
starting with a mistake, a remorseless logician can end up in Bedlam."*
And then came Robert Nozick.
To my knowledge, in writing Anarchy, State, and Utopia, his breathtaking defense of
libertarianism, Nozick never accepted a dime other than from his employer, the
philosophy department at Harvard University. (Unless it was from the Center for Advanced
Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Palo Alto, the "minimally structured academic
institution bordering on individualist anarchy" as Nozick put it, where he wrote the book's
early chapters.) In fact, Nozick was the disinterested intellectual that laissez-faire had been
searching for since Congress passed the Emergency Banking Act of 1933. Nozick started out
a classic of the type: a Brooklyn kid, one generation off the shtetl, toting a dog-eared Plato.
But along the way to a full Harvard professorship, attained at the age of 30, he'd lost the
socialist ardors of his upbringing. "For a while I thought: 'Well, the arguments are right,
capitalism is the best system, but only bad people would think so,' " he once told a
journalist. "Then, at some point, my mind and my heart were in unison."
The Times Literary Supplement ranks Anarchy, published in 1974, as one of the "100 Most
Influential Books Since the War," and that, I think, is underselling it. To this day, left
intellectuals remember where they were when they first heard Nozick's arguments against
not just socialism but wealth redistribution of any kind. "It is no exaggeration to say," the
Telegraph wrote, after Nozick died in 2002, "that Nozick, more than anyone else, embodied
the new libertarian zeitgeist which, after generations of statist welfarism from Roosevelt's
New Deal to Kennedy, Johnson and Carter, ushered in the era of Reagan and Bush, pere et
fils." Prior to Anarchy, "liberty" was a virtual synonym for rolling back labor unions and
progressive taxation, a fig leaf for the class interests of the Du Ponts and the B.F.
Goodriches. After Anarchy, "liberty" was a concept as worthy of academic dignity as the
categorical imperative.
As a moral philosopher, Nozick was free to stretch liberty further than even an Austrian
economist. That is, he was able to separate out a normative claim (that liberty is the
fundamental value of values, and should be maximized) from an empirical claim (that the
most efficient method for allocating goods and services is a market economy). Free to
pursue liberty as a matter of pure principle, Nozick let nothing stand in his way. Should we
tax the rich to feed the poor? Absolutely not, as "taxation of earnings is on par with forced
labor." (Or more precisely: "Taking the earnings of n hours of labor is like taking n hours
from the person.") Well, isn't at least some redistribution necessary on the basis of need?
"Need a gardener allocate his services to those lawns which need him most?"
To the entire left, Nozick, in effect, said: Your social justice comes at an unacceptable cost,
namely, to my personal liberty. Most distressingly, to this end Nozick enlisted the
humanist's most cherished belief: the inviolability of each human being as an end unto
himself—what Nozick, drawing on Immanuel Kant, calls "the separateness of persons." For
Nozick, the principle of the separateness of persons is close to sacred. It affirms, as he
writes, "the underlying Kantian principle that individuals are ends and not merely means;
they may not be sacrificed or used for the achieving of other ends without their consent.
Individuals are inviolable."
I like to think that when Nozick published Anarchy, the levee broke, the polite Fabian
consensus collapsed, and hence, in rapid succession: Hayek won the Nobel Prize in
economics in 1974, followed by Milton Friedman in '75, the same year Thatcher became
Leader of the Opposition, followed by the California and Massachusetts tax revolts,
culminating in the election of Reagan, and … well, where it stops, nobody knows.
True, a recondite book by an obscure professor wouldn't have made any difference if it
hadn't caught the drift of public feeling. But also true: Public feeling might have remained
begrudging, demagogic, sub-intellectual if the public's courage hadn't been shored up (or
its conscience bought off, depending on your point of view) by intellectuals like Nozick.
Take Margaret Thatcher's infamous provocation—"There's no such thing as society"—with
its implication that human beings are nothing more than brutishly competitive atoms. Now
listen to its original formulation, in Anarchy: "But there is no social entity with a good that
undergoes some sacrifice for its own good. There are only individual people, different
individual people, with their own individual lives." The tone is different—it's Kantian, not
Hobbesian—and so is the moral emphasis: Society is unreal not because individuals are
brutish but because they are dignified.
With the solemn invocation of individual lives, the liberal humanist ought to push away
from the table, take a deep breath, and ask whether any of this remarkable assault is true.
Can it really be that eliminating the income tax shows maximum moral respect for others?
I thought a fraction of a rich man's fortune is to the rich man only money but to a starving
man is freedom. Am I a moral idiot? It is impossible without writing a book (and many have)
to do Anarchy justice. Nonetheless, one argument from its pages is considered its most
central, most famous, most bewitching. This is the so-called "Wilt Chamberlain" argument,
and pausing to pick it apart, we can begin to see why Nozick's defense of libertarianism, as
Nozick himself came to believe, collapsed.
2. 2.
When I think with my own brain and look with my own eyes, it's obvious to me that some
combination of civil rights, democratic institutions, educational capital, social trust,
consumer choice, and economic opportunity make me free. This is not what Nozick is
arguing. Nozick is arguing that economic rights are the only rights, and that insofar as
there are political rights, they are nothing more than a framework in support of private
property and freedom of contract. When I study American history, I can see why America,
thanks to a dense bundle of historical accidents, is a kind of Lockean paradise, uniquely
suited to holding up liberty as its paramount value. This is not what Nozick is arguing.
Nozick is arguing that liberty is the sole value, and to put forward any other value is to
submit individuals to coercion.
How does so supple a mind end up committed to so seemingly brittle a belief system? The
leap of faith here is, no surprise, in the construal of liberty itself, which unlike other values
(says the libertarian) makes no restricting or normative claims on anybody; liberty is
instead like oxygen—invisible, pervasive, enabling. Every other value, meanwhile,
represents someone else's deranged will-to-power by which, under the guise of high-
mindedness or disinterest, he would "pattern" all of society to his own liking. "Almost
every suggested principle of … justice is patterned," Nozick says, by way of setting up the
Chamberlain argument. "To each according to his moral merit, or needs, or marginal
product, or how hard he tries …" By way of showing us how an unpatterned, or libertarian,
society is more just than any patterned one, Nozick asks the reader to consult her own
preference, and choose a society patterned in any way she sees fit—Marxist, bell-curve
meritocracy—you pick. Now call that pattern D1. Then, Nozick writes:
"Wilt Chamberlain is greatly in demand by basketball teams, being a great gate attraction.
(Also suppose contracts run only for a year, with players being free agents.) He signs the
following sort of contract with a team: In each home game twenty-five cents from the price
of each ticket of admission goes to him. (We ignore the question of whether he is
"gouging" the owners, letting them look out for themselves.) … Let us suppose that in one
season one million persons attend his home games, and Wilt Chamberlain ends up with
$250,000, a much larger sum than the average income and larger even than anyone else
has. Is he entitled to his income? Is this new distribution D2 unjust?"
Nozick assumes our dream society is in some respect egalitarian; that to prevent Wilt from
grossly out-earning his fellow citizens, the system we've imagined in D1 will curtail
Chamberlain's right to the whole fruit of his own labor. To the liberal humanist, Nozick is
saying: You don't take your finest hero, Kant, seriously, because if you did, you would never
sacrifice Wilt's autonomy to the social planner's designs. To the socialist, he is saying: You
don't take your own finest hero, Marx, seriously, because if you did, you would never
expropriate his surplus value (via taxation) as blithely as the capitalist. And to his own
fellow Harvard professors, he is saying: You don't take your own finest hero—yourself—
seriously, because if you did, why would you ever curtail the prerogative of a superstar?
For all its intriguing parts, Anarchy can be thought of as one long Excuse me? in response
to one Harvard colleague in particular, the political philosopher John Rawls. In A Theory of
Justice, Rawls argued that our talents are not really our own, because they are not morally
intrinsic to us. Rawls asked us to imagine that we know nothing about our life advantages—
that how gifted, smart, attractive, charismatic we are, as well as the socio-economic status
of our parents, lie behind a veil of ignorance. He then asked us to design an insurance
policy against poor accidents of birth. That insurance policy would be "justice," in the form
of a society that was fair even from the perspective of its least well-off citizen—who, after
all, passing through the veil of ignorance, might turn out to be us.
To this, Nozick replies: All that intellectual pomp, arrayed to convince me that my talents
are not mine? But my talents aren't like fire and disease. They aren't fatalities I insure
against. Quite the opposite: My talents constitute the substance of who I am, and I am right
to bank on them. Having cornered us with Kant, with Marx, and, most of all, with our own
vanity, Nozick concludes, "No end-state principle of justice can be continuously realized
without continuous interference with people's lives," confident that "interference" is
sufficiently morally offensive to carry the day.
Wilt Chamberlain
Here the liberal humanist needs to relax, take a second breath, and realize that, while
clever, the Wilt Chamberlain argument is maybe a little too clever—i.e., what seems on first
blush to be a simple case of freedom from interference is in fact a kind of connivance.
Anarchy not only purports to be a defense of capitalism, but a proud defense of capitalism.
And yet if Anarchy would defend capitalism unashamedly, why does its most famous
argument include almost none of the defining features of capitalism—i.e., no risk capital,
no capital markets, no financier? Why does it feature a basketball player and not, say, a
captain of industry, a CEO, a visionary entrepreneur? The example as Nozick sets it out
includes a gifted athlete (Wilt Chamberlain), paying customers (those with a dollar to see
Wilt play)—and yet, other than a passing reference to the team's "owners,"no capitalist!
In Nozick's example, we know what portion of every ticket (25 cents) represents the
monetary equivalent of every paying customer's desire to see not the game itself but Wilt
Chamberlain play in it. Bearing in mind that all thought experiments beg our indulgence
without requiring our stupidity, notice that, in order to abstract out this allegiance from
allegiance to the team, to the sport, etc., and give it a dollar figure, Nozick has assigned
what amounts to a market price to Wilt's talents while also suggesting the price was
achieved by negotiation between Wilt and the owner. Now, here we must pause, and note
that "price" is not an incidental feature of a libertarian belief system—it is what obviates
the need, beyond enforcing the basic rule of law, for government. To a libertarian, price is,
in effect, the conscience of society finding its highest expression in every swipe of the debit
card. Just as the thought experiment, "If there were purple cows on the moon, they would
certainly be purple" tells us nothing about the moon, cows, or the color purple, assuming a
world in which labor and management arrive at gentleman's agreements—and in which
those agreements capture the precise value, down to the penny, of labor's marginal
product—tells us very little about justice.
Put another way, Nozick is cornering us into answering a ridiculously loaded question: If
every person were a capitalist, and every capitalist a human capitalist, and every human
capitalist was compensated in exact proportion to the pleasure he or she provided others,
would a world without progressive taxation be just? To arrive at this question, Nozick
vanishes most of the known features of capitalism (capital, owners, means of production,
labor, collective bargaining) while maximizing one feature of capitalism—its ability to
funnel money to the uniquely talented. In the example, "liberty" is all but cognate with a
system that efficiently compensates the superstar.
The connivance is thus hidden in plain sight. "Wilt Chamberlain" is an African-American
whose talents are unique, scarce, perspicuous (points, rebounds, assists), and in high
demand. We feel powerfully the man should be paid, and not to do so—to expect a black
athlete to perform for (largely) white audiences without adequate compensation—raises
the specter of the plantation. But being a star athlete isn't the only way to make money. In
addition to earning a wage, one can garnish a wage, collect a fee, levy a toll, cash in a
dividend, take a kickback, collect a monopoly rent, hit the superfecta, inherit Tara, insider
trade, or stumble on Texas tea. For each way of conceiving wealth, there is at least one way
of moralizing its distribution. The Wilt Chamberlain example is designed to corner us—
quite cynically, in my view—into moralizing all of them as if they were recompense for a
unique talent that gives pleasure; and to tax each of them, and regulate each of them,
according to the same principle of radical noninterference suggested by a black ballplayer
finally getting his due.
3. 3.
To my critique of the Chamberlain example, a libertarian might respond: Given frictionless
markets, rational self-maximizers, and perfect information, the market price for Wilt's
services could not stay separable from the market price to see Wilt play. (Visionary
entrepreneurs would create start-up leagues, competing leagues would bid up prices for
the best players.) In a free-market paradise, capital will flow to talent, until rewards
commensurate perfectly with utility. Maybe; and maybe in a socialist paradise, no one will
catch the common cold. The essence of any utopianism is: Conjure an ideal that makes an
impossible demand on reality, then announce that, until the demand is met in full, your
ideal can't be fairly evaluated. Attribute any incidental successes to the halfway meeting of
the demand, any failure to the halfway still to go.
How could a thinker as brilliant as Nozick stay a party to this? The answer is: He didn't. "The
libertarian position I once propounded," Nozick wrote in an essay published in the late
'80s, "now seems to me seriously inadequate." In Anarchy democracy was nowhere to be
found; Nozick now believed that democratic institutions "express and symbolize … our
equal human dignity, our autonomy and powers of self-direction." In Anarchy, the best
government was the least government, a value-neutral enforcer of contracts; now, Nozick
concluded, "There are some things we choose to do together through government in
solemn marking of our human solidarity, served by the fact that we do them together in
this official fashion ..."
We're faced then with two intriguing mysteries. Why did the Nozick of 1975 confuse capital
with human capital? And why did Nozick by 1989 feel the need to disavow the Nozick of
1975? The key, I think, is recognizing the two mysteries as twin expressions of a single,
primal, human fallibility: the need to attribute success to one's own moral substance,
failure to sheer misfortune. The effectiveness of the Wilt Chamberlain example, after all, is
best measured by how readily you identify with Wilt Chamberlain. Anarchy is nothing if not
a tour-de-force, an advertisement not just for libertarianism but for the sinuous
intelligence required to put over so peculiar a thought experiment. In the early '70s, Nozick
—and this is audible in the writing—clearly identified with Wilt: He believed his talents
could only be flattered by a free market in high value-add labor. By the late '80s, in a world
gone gaga for Gordon Gekko and Esprit, he was no longer quite so sure.
Even in 1975, it took a pretty narrow view of history to think all capital is human capital, and
that philosophy professors, even the especially bright ones, would thrive in the free
market. But there was a historical reason for Nozick's belief: the magnificent sieve.
Harvard's enrollment prior to World War II was 3,300; after the war, it was 5,300, 4,000 of
whom were veterans. The GI Bill was on its way to investing more in education grants,
business loans, and home loans than all previous New Deal programs combined. By 1954,
with the Cold War in full swing, the U.S. government was spending 20 times what it had
spent on research before the war. "Some universities," C. Wright Mills could write in the
mid-'50s, "are financial branches of the military establishment." In the postwar decades,
the American university grew in enrollment, budget and prestige, thanks to a substantial
transfer of wealth from the private economy, under the rubric of "military Keynesianism."
As a tentacle of the military-industrial octopus, academia finally lost its last remnant of
colonial gentility.
At the same time the university boomed, marginal tax rates for high earners stood as high
as 90 percent. This collapsed the so-called L-curve, the graphic depiction of wealth
distribution in the United States. The L-curve lay at its flattest in 1970, just as Nozick was
sitting down to write Anarchy. In 1970, there were nearly 500,000 employed academics, and
their relative income stood at an all-time high. To the extent anyone could believe mental
talent, human capital, and capital were indistinguishable, it was thanks to the greatest
market distortion in the history of industrial capitalism; and because for 40 years, thanks to
this distortion, talent had not been forced to compete with the old "captains of industry,"
with the financiers and the CEOs.
Buccaneering entrepreneurs, boom-and-bust markets, risk capital—these conveniently
disappeared from Nozick's argument because they'd all but disappeared from capitalism.
In a world in which J.P. Morgan and Cornelius Vanderbilt have been rendered obsolete,
reduced to historical curios, to a funny old-style man, imprisoned in gilt frames, the
professionals—the scientists, engineers, professors, lawyers and doctors—correspondingly
rise in both power and esteem. And in a world in which the professions are gatekept by
universities, which in turn select students based on their measured intelligence, the idea
that talent is mental talent, and mental talent is, not only capital, but the only capital,
becomes easier and easier for a humanities professor to put across. Hence the terminal
irony of Anarchy: Its author's audible smugness in favor of libertarianism was underwritten
by a most un-libertarian arrangement—i.e., the postwar social compact of high marginal
taxation and massive transfers of private wealth in the name of the very "public good"
Nozick decried as nonexistent.
And the screw takes one last turn: By allowing for the enormous rise in (relative) income
and prestige of the upper white collar professions, Keynesianism created the very blind
spot by which professionals turned against Keynesianism. Charging high fees as defended
by their cartels, cartels defended in turn by universities, universities in turn made powerful
by the military state, many upper-white-collar professionals convinced themselves their
pre-eminence was not an accident of history or the product of negotiated protections from
the marketplace but the result of their own unique mental talents fetching high prices in a
free market for labor. Just this cocktail of vanity and delusion helped Nozick edge out
Rawls in the marketplace of ideas, making Anarchy a surprise best-seller, it helped make
Ronald Reagan president five years later. So it was the public good that killed off the public
Since 1970, the guild power of lawyers, doctors, engineers, and, yes, philosophy professors
has nothing but attenuated. To take only the most pitiful example, medical doctors have
evolved over this period from fee-for-service professionals totally in control of their own
workplace to salaried body mechanics subject to the relentless cost-cutting mandate of a
corporate employer. They've gone from being Marcus Welby—a living monument to
public service through private practice—to being, as one comprehensive study put it,
harried "middle management." Who can argue with a straight face that a doctor in 2011
has more liberty than his counterpart in 1970? What any good liberal Democrat with an
ounce of vestigial self-respect would have said to Nozick in 1970—"Sure, Bob, but we both
know what your liberty means. It means power will once again mean money, and money
will be at liberty to flow to the top"—in fact happened. The irony is that as capital once
again concentrates as nothing more than capital (i.e., as the immense skim of the
financiers), the Nozickian illusion (that capital is human capital and human capital is the
only capital) gets harder and harder to sustain.
Sustained it is, though. Just as Nozick would have us tax every dollar as if it were earned by
a seven-foot demigod, apologists for laissez-faire would have us treat all outsize
compensation as if it were earned by a tech revolutionary or the value-investing equivalent
of Mozart (as opposed to, say, this guy, this guy, this guy, or this guy). It turns out the Wilt
Chamberlain example is all but unkillable; only it might better be called the Steve Jobs
example, or the Warren Buffett* example. The idea that supernormal compensation is fit
reward for supernormal talent is the ideological superglue of neoliberalism, holding firm
since the 1980s. It's no wonder that in the aftermath of the housing bust, with the glue
showing signs of decay—with Madoff and "Government Sachs" displacing Jobs and Buffett
in the headlines—"liberty" made its comeback. When the facts go against you, resort to
"values." When values go against you, resort to the mother of all values. When the mother
of all values swoons, reach deep into the public purse with one hand, and with the other
beat the public senseless with your dog-eared copy of Atlas Shrugged.
4. 4.
Calling yourself a libertarian is another way of saying you believe power should be held
continuously answerable to the individual's capacity for creativity and free choice. By that
standard, Thomas Jefferson, John Ruskin, George Orwell, Isaiah Berlin, Noam Chomsky,
Michel Foucault, and even John Maynard Keynes are libertarians. (Orwell: "The real division
is not between conservatives and revolutionaries but between authoritarians and
libertarians." Keynes: "But above all, individualism … is the best safeguard of personal
liberty in the sense that, compared with any other system, it greatly widens the field for the
exercise of personal choice.") Every thinking person is to some degree a libertarian, and it
is this part of all of us that is bullied or manipulated when liberty is invoked to silence our
doubts about the free market. The ploy is to take libertarianism as Orwell meant it and
confuse it with libertarianism as Hayek meant it; to take a faith in the individual as an
irreducible unit of moral worth, and turn it into a weapon in favor of predation.
Slate is published by The Slate Group, a Graham Holdings Company. All contents © 2014 The Slate Group LLC. All rights reserved.
Another way to put it—and here lies the legacy of Keynes—is that a free society is an
interplay between a more-or-less permanent framework of social commitments, and the
oasis of economic liberty that lies within it. The nontrivial question is: What risks (to health,
loss of employment, etc.) must be removed from the oasis and placed in the framework (in
the form of universal health care, employment insurance, etc.) in order to keep liberty a
substantive reality, and not a vacuous formality? When Hayek insists welfare is the road is
to serfdom, when Nozick insists that progressive taxation is coercion, they take liberty
hostage in order to prevent a reasoned discussion about public goods from ever taking
place. "According to them, any intervention of the state in economic life," a prominent
conservative economist once observed of the early neoliberals, "would be likely to lead,
and even lead inevitably to a completely collectivist Society, Gestapo and gas chamber
included." Thus we are hectored into silence, and by the very people who purport to leave
us most alone.
Thanks in no small part to that silence, we have passed through the looking glass. Large-
scale, speculative risk, undertaken by already grossly overcompensated bankers, is now
officially part of the framework, in the form of too-big-to-fail guarantees made, implicitly
and explicitly, by the Federal Reserve. Meanwhile, the "libertarian" right moves to take the
risks of unemployment, disease, and, yes, accidents of birth, and devolve them entirely
onto the responsibility of the individual. It is not just sad; it is repugnant.
*Correction, June 20, 2011: *Correction, June 20, 2011: The article originally misspelled Warren Buffett's surname.
**Correction, June 24, 2011: Correction, June 24, 2011: The article originally stated that Keynes wrote his line critical
of Hayek in the margins of his copy of The Road to Serfdom.


text:
Ray j still dating joanna
The "Atlanta" creator announced that he and his partner Michelle are expecting their second child.
"I want to thank my unborn son — we're listening to Stevie [Wonder] tonight," said Glover during his Emmy acceptance speech on Sept. The Serbian tennis star welcomed his second child with wife Jelena. 9, where he said, "Very happy and proud to welcome our little girl Tara to our home." The couple also have a son, Stefan. 4 Kensington Palace announced that the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge are expecting their third child.
The singer also has a daughter, Alexa Ray Joel, with his former wife Christie Brinkley.
She became the first female European UFC champion and also earned a performance of the night bonus for her finish.
Chip Gaines, 43, announced the news on Instagram on Tuesday night, posting a photo of himself pushing out his stomach while his wife showed off her baby bump. "For me, I'm really excited to go back and try to maybe …
Stamos told People magazine: "We have the same morals and the same values, that all clicked nicely.
So we said, 'Oh, well, maybe we should have a family.'" The couple got engaged in October when Stamos proposed to Mc Hugh at his favorite theme park — Disneyland.
The comic actor and his fitness guru wife are expecting another baby, they announced on Nov. "Our Baldwinitos are getting a new teammate this spring ❤," Hilaria posted on Instagram with a family photo of their three children.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A Student's Perspective
"Suffolk has really empowered me to be an agent of change..." Watch Martine's story.
"Suffolk has really empowered me to be an agent of change..." Watch Martine's story.
There are no events currently scheduled for this section. Please contact this department or check back soon.
The Center for Community Engagement creates lasting connections among Suffolk University, non-profits, and community-based organizations. We support projects that serve community-identified needs and enrich our students' education. Drawing on the combined resources of the local and Suffolk communities, we forge and maintain long-term partnerships that engage our students in service and social action.
Sign up for service opportunities
Service learning combines community service with classroom study. Students engage in projects ranging from English as a second language (ESOL) to tutoring to soil sampling to serving the needs of the homeless. Find out more about Service Learning
Community service opportunities and educational programs happen as recurring events, one time special events, and school break travel opportunities. Find out more about Community Service
Jumpstart puts Suffolk students in preschool classrooms to help low-income children. Find out more about Jumpstart
Student leadership opportunities include organizing ongoing local community service projects, developing relationships with Greater Boston non-profit organizations, and supporting service learning projects. Find out more about Student Leadership
We have community partnerships with organizations throughout Boston and beyond. Mutual projects support the community and contribute to the education and experience of our students. Find out more about Community Partnerships
There is always something going on at the Center Join us at our next event to see what's happening. Events


text:
Bone Marrow Registry August 17 – Cancer Care
Eastern Maine Medial Center's Cancer Care of Maine in Brewer will be the site of a bone marrow registry on Saturday August 17th from 8 AM to 3 PM.
Maggie Rudnicki is doing so well because of the bone marrow transplant she received from her 7 year old brother Lucas.
Want to know what's involved in the Bone Marrow Registry? We asked Brenda Clements, the manager of Nursing Services. She told us that it's painless, and that it involves a simple cheek swab. There's no blood donation required!
The need is so urgent. Every 4 minutes someone is diagnosed with some form of blood cancer. Every 10 minutes, blood cancer results in the death of a patient. The goal is to replace unhealthy bone marrow with healthy, blood-forming cells and New England has the highest match rate in the United States!
During last year's bone marrow registry drive 209 people were placed on the registry, which is 10 times the national average.One of the registrants was called to be a donor.
The criteria to be on the bone marrow registry is
- You must be between18-55 years old
- You must weigh more than 110 pounds and have a BMI less than 40
- You must be in Good Health
- You must have No history of cancer or bleeding disorders.
Can you be a superhero to someone? I hope you'll take a few minutes next Saturday, August 17th and register to be on the bone marrow registry!


text:
Follow RFF News on your cell phone. Text follow rff to 40404 you will receive txt messages with RFF News
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
If this summers BB is like this, I may stop watching, way to much drama. Maybe Dirk had it right, it's a girlie show - like a girls locker room.
Both of our comments made it. I was apprehensive how I sounded when I called, but I don't think I sounded that bad.
Yes Rudy, that'll be plenty. I'm just worried about your download rate. But it's worth a try.
Page created in 0.092 seconds with 33 queries.


text:
WESTERN SPRINGS – The village is accepting applications for an position for an officer in the police department.
The process will establish a police officer eligibility list in February or March 2014. There are no current vacancies or openings for the position of sworn police officer.
Online applications and release forms are available at www.publicsafetyrecruitment.com.
With questions, call 1-800-343-HIRE or email firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Court Says Police In Ohio Can Just Guess How Fast You Were Going And Give You A Ticket
from the evidence,-please? dept
In a 5-to-1 ruling, the court said an officer's "unaided visual estimation of a vehicle's speed" is strong enough to support a ticket and conviction. A radar speed detector, commonly used by patrolmen, is not needed, the court concluded.That won't be abused at all...
"Independent verification of the vehicle's speed is not necessary to support a conviction for speeding," assuming the officer has been trained and certified by the Ohio Peace Officer Training Academy or similar organization, Justice Maureen O'Connor wrote for the court's majority.


text:
North American DVD Reviews
All the latest North American DVD reviews
Karaoke Terror Wednesday 7th May 2008 20:50 Gabe gets the 'Karaoke' part of the title, but the 'Terror' bit doesn't make sense... DVD Comments (6)
Karate Kid Part II, The Sunday 16th September 2001 19:56 In 1986, producers returned with The Karate Kid Part II, continuing the story of Daniel and Mr. Miyagi. Please do not read this review if you have not seen the first film in the Karate Kid franchise, there may be some potential spoilers. You have been war DVD Add a Comment
Kidnapped Wednesday 11th April 2007 22:30 Gabe Powers would have avoided all this if he would've just ran that red light... DVD Comments (3)
Kill Zone: Ultimate Edition Friday 3rd November 2006 12:24 Gabe checks out Dragon Dynasty's first release, also known as Saat Po Long... DVD Comments (26)
Killer Klowns from Outer Space Monday 3rd April 2006 21:55 Chris Gould takes a look at this 'classic' 80s B-movie from the Chiodo brothers DVD Comments (29)
Killers, The: Criterion Collection Monday 3rd March 2003 11:48 The Killers began as a short story and grew into 2 feature movies and much more. Criterion has given us a package that seeks to document this tale from beginning to end. DVD Comments (1)
King of Comedy, The Sunday 9th March 2003 0:19 I think this DVD is great, really. It's got a good transfer and nice extras, but the audio is so-so. ... Well that's good to know, but are you speaking for Jerry? DVD Add a Comment
King of the Gypsies Friday 15th August 2008 16:35 Gabe would like to advise you to just watch The Godfather I and II again... DVD Comments (1)
Knight Rider: Season Two Saturday 30th April 2005 15:01 David Hasselhoff stars as Michael Knight in the second season of the hit television program Knight Rider. Find out what surprises K.I.T.T. has in store in my review of Universal's new three-disc set... DVD Comments (3)
Knight's Tale, A Saturday 6th April 2002 2:48 A Knight's Tale is a rousing, exciting tale with a rockin' soundtrack! DVD Add a Comment
World DVD Reviews
All the latest DVD reviews from around the world
Kagemusha: The Shadow Warrior Tuesday 15th July 2003 7:13 Kagemusha: The Shadow Warrior presents itself as a majestic and superior artwork to its trail of cult followers. However, there doesn't seem to be anything on offer to the wider scope of filmgoers who don't seek fulfillment within this limited genre. The AU - DVD R4 Add a Comment
Kamikaze Girls: Special Edition Wednesday 24th February 2010 12:57 Our Marcus checked out a movie about embroidery and thought it was fun??! UK - DVD R2 Comments (4)
Karas: Part 1 - The Prophecy Friday 21st April 2006 2:14 We take a look at Manga's UK release of the first part of this great anime trilogy.... UK - DVD R2 Comments (3)
Kichiku Dai Enkai Saturday 22nd January 2005 14:22 Blood, guts, brains, sex, guns, knives...revolution. How to fail at politics and murder your friends, on DVD? HK - DVD Add a Comment
Kicking & Screaming Monday 7th November 2005 1:04 Will Ferrell's latest comedy vehicle involves little league football and an ongoing battle of nerves between father and son that, more often than not, spills out onto the pitch. But is it actually funny? UK - DVD R2 Comments (6)
Kids in America Monday 12th February 2007 10:03 Scott McKenzie prepares himself for the worst and gets a pleasant surprise... UK - DVD R2 Add a Comment
Killer Klowns from Outer Space Monday 22nd September 2008 22:28 Reviewer Marcus Doidge cracks out the candy floss for Killer Klowns on DVD... UK - DVD R2 Comments (11)
Killer Klowns from Outer Space Friday 5th September 2014 0:15 Chris takes a look at Arrow's release of the Chiodo brothers' cult klown movie... UK - DVD R2 | BD RB Add a Comment
Killer, The Monday 9th December 2002 11:17 A disillusioned assassin accepts one last hit in the hope that his earnings will restore vision to the singer he accidentally blinded, only to be double-crossed by his boss. John Woo's original Hong Kong hyper-kinetic and blood-soaked bullet ballet still UK - DVD R2 Add a Comment
North American Blu-ray Reviews
All the latest North American Blu-ray reviews
Katy Perry: Part of Me Monday 24th September 2012 22:16 Gabe is a firework, but his review will probably not make you go 'ah, ah, ah'... BD Add a Comment
Keanu Wednesday 3rd August 2016 1:36 Gabe says Keanope to Key & Peele's disappointing cinematic debut... BD Comments (5)
Kevin Smith Collection Tuesday 1st December 2009 21:58 Gabe takes a look back at three of Kevin Smith's Disney owned flicks on Blu-ray... BD Comments (4)
Kiju Yoshida: Love + Anarchism Wednesday 14th June 2017 18:43 Gabe quickly discusses the technical aspects of Arrow Video's BD collection... BD Add a Comment
Kill Bill Volumes 1 and 2 Tuesday 9th September 2008 2:36 Gabe revisits his favourite Tarantino films, but likely not for the last time... BD Comments (39)
Kill the Irishman Friday 10th June 2011 4:15 Gabe watches as a lesser filmmaker turns an interesting story rather bland... BD Add a Comment
Killer Dames Double-Feature Tuesday 24th May 2016 3:32 Gabe checks out Night Evelyn Came Out of the Grave & Red Queen Kills 7 Times BD Add a Comment
Killer Joe Monday 24th December 2012 3:20 No, that's okay, Gabe doesn't need any fried chicken. He had a big lunch earlier... BD Comments (2)
Killer Nun Tuesday 24th April 2012 17:19 Gabe thinks that sister Gertrude might not best personify the Church's purport BD Comments (1)
Killing of America Sunday 1st January 2017 22:05 Gabe rings in the new year with a look back at decades of violence in the USA... BD Add a Comment
Killing Season Tuesday 20th August 2013 20:33 Gabe watches De Niro and Travolta stumble their way around Appalachia... BD Comments (6)
Killing Them Softly Tuesday 26th March 2013 16:32 Writer/director Andrew Dominik is strumming Gabe's pain with his fingers... BD Comments (2)
Killing: Season One, The Thursday 29th March 2012 19:47 Gabe checks out AMC's controversial remake of a Danish television series... BD Comments (2)
King Cohen: The Wild World of Filmmaker Larry Cohen Tuesday 23rd October 2018 23:09 Gabe takes a crash course on the cult cinematic career of Larry Cohen... BD Add a Comment
King Kong: Extended Edition Monday 26th January 2009 0:54 Gabe Powers revisits the bloated giant monkey movie remake on Blu-ray disc... BD Comments (21)
King's Speech, The Wednesday 4th May 2011 3:39 Ironically enough Gabe can't find his own voice while reviewing this Blu-ray... BD Comments (6)
Kingdom, The Wednesday 14th January 2009 13:32 Gabe takes a belated look at this Jamie Foxx and Jennifer Garner political thriller BD Comments (3)
Kings of Summer, The Thursday 3rd October 2013 3:34 Jonathan wants to see Nick Offerman star in every independent comedy... BD Add a Comment
Kino Lorber Studio Classics April Wrap-Up Monday 27th April 2015 4:20 Gabe checks out Convoy, Barquero, and White Buffalo for their US BR debuts... BD Add a Comment
Knightriders Monday 2nd December 2013 3:13 Gabe revisits George Romero's most challenging and personal film... BD Comments (3)
Kong: Skull Island Tuesday 18th July 2017 20:41 Gabe hopes that Kong visiting the UN to represent Skull Island in the next one... BD Comments (7)
World Blu-ray Reviews
All the latest Blu-ray reviews from around the world
Karate Kid Part II, The Monday 19th July 2010 23:40 Chris takes a quick look at the sequel to the immensely popular eighties movie... UK - BD Comments (1)
Karate Kid, The Thursday 8th July 2010 18:00 Chris takes a look at the Blu-ray release of one of the most popular 80s movies... UK - BD Comments (3)
Karate Kid, The Wednesday 17th November 2010 1:43 Chris takes a look at the recent remake of the classic eighties feature on Blu-ray UK - BD Add a Comment
Key, The Thursday 23rd May 2013 3:00 Marcus re-enters the world of Cult Erotica in this Tinto Brass Blu-ray... UK - BD RB Comments (1)
Kick-Ass Friday 3rd September 2010 23:22 Chris takes a look at the recent comic book film about a hero with a difference UK - BD Comments (6)
Kiki's Delivery Service Monday 24th June 2013 17:34 Marcus takes to the sky with Kiki and Jiji in this Ghibli classic now on Blu-ray... UK - BD RB Add a Comment
Kill List Monday 19th December 2011 22:45 Our Marcus returns to the criminal underworld with an occult twist... UK - BD RB Add a Comment
Killer Klowns from Outer Space Friday 5th September 2014 0:15 Chris takes a look at Arrow's release of the Chiodo brothers' cult klown movie... UK - DVD R2 | BD RB Add a Comment
Killers, The Tuesday 25th February 2014 19:00 Chris checks out Arrow's release of this 1964 Lee Marvin feature on Blu-ray Disc UK - BD RB Add a Comment
Have your say on this week's topic
Different ways to follow our updates
Hot Easter Eggs
Sideways UK - DVD R2 Starship Troopers: Special Edition US - DVD R1 From Hell US - DVD R1 Agent Cody Banks UK - DVD R2 Ultimate Matrix Collection, The US - DVD R1
Thrilling Reviews
Shallow Grave UK - BD RB Shark Night US - BD RA Swimfan UK - DVD R2 Barracuda/ Island Fury Double Feature US - DVD R1 Cabin Fever AU - DVD R4
Hot Articles
Star Wars: The Changes - Part One DVD | BD Star Wars: The Changes - Part Two DVD THE TEN: Movie Robots That Could Destroy Us All DVD Aspect Ratios Explained: Part One DVD Aspect Ratios Explained: Part Two DVD
Most Talked About
Halloween (2018) US - DVD R1 | BD RA Venom US - DVD R1 | BD RA Cloverfield Paradox, The US - DVD R1 | BD RA Suspiria (2018) US - DVD R1 | BD RA The Super US - DVD R1 | BD RA
Most Popular
The Green Mile: Special Edition UK - DVD R2 King Kong US - DVD R1 Maniac (4K Remaster) US - BD RA Joe Lynch DVD | HD | BD The Extra Sledge Hammer JP - DVD R2


text:
Soccer team will be in San Francisco Saturday for next round of Norcal playoffs
ROCKLIN – Taft College continues to be the surprise of this year's women's soccer playoffs.
The Cougars are the No. 10 seed in the northern California playoffs and so far have dispatched No. 7 Mendocino (last Saturday) and No. 2 Sierra (Tuesday).
Now they are taking another trip to northern California Saturday to take aim at No. 3 City College of San Francisco.
The prize for the winner is a berth in the final four Dec. 6-8 at Cosumnes River College in Sacramento.
"We are very excited," said head coach Myisha Cutrona.
The Cougars essentially put the No. 2 seeded Sierra Wolverines away early in the first half.
Joanna Espinoza, who has been the team's brightest star all season, scored both Cougar goals.
The first was in the ninth minute on a pass from Selina Chacon.
The sophomore from Highland High in Bakersfield hooked up with Cristina Salazar four minutes later to make it 2-0.
Nine minutes later Carissa Schlesinger scored the Wolverines only goal off a corner kick.
There was no scoring after that although it wasn't from a lack of trying by the Wolverines, who took 23 shots in the game, keeping Cougar goalkeeper Marissa Alcala busy. The freshman from Frontier High was credited with nine saves – six of them in the first half.
"We dominated in the first half," Cutrona said. "In the second half we played secure defense."
Espinoza now has 28 goals on the season.
San Francisco (18-2-2) made it to the semifinals by defeating No. 14 Diablo Valley 4-1 and No. 6 Folsom Lake 2-0. It was Folsom Lake's first loss.
The Cougars are 15-4-2.


text:
Gannon college classes to begin soon in Kane
Gannon University of Erie is ready to offer college classes in Kane in late August.The classes, which will lead to a two-year Associate Degree in either Liberal Arts or Business Administration, will be held at the Kane Middle School.Gannon is offering the "community college" program in Kane in partnership with the Education Consortium of the Upper Allegheny (ECUA).Nearly 20 prospective students attended Gannon's "open house" program Monday at the Kane Middle School. Gannon will hold a similar "open house" from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. today at the Community Education Council building in St. Marys. Other "open house" programs are set Wednesday in Coudersport and next Monday in Meadville.Under the Gannon-ECUA partnership, colleges classes will be offered in St. Marys, Coudersport and Meadville in addition to Kane. Dr. Maryann Anderson, superintendent of the Kane Area School District, said this is believed to be the first time college classes have been offered in Kane."This is a great opportunity for our local residents to receive college credits without leaving Kane," Anderson said. "As educators, we're very excited that Gannon has chosen to come to Kane to offer college classes. Those who enroll in the program will be able to receive an Associate Degree that will help them with their current job or obtain a new job."She said credits earned in the program in Kane also are "transferable" to a four-year college.Gannon will offer four classes in Kane beginning the week of Aug. 27. Classes will be held Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday from 6 p.m. to 8:50 p.m.Classes either will be "face-to-face" with a Gannon instructor or through "interactive television."The tuition for the program is $175 per credit. This means students can receive an Associate Degree for about $12,000, far less than many other "community college" programs.Students in the program are eligible for state and federal aid, officials have pointed out. Some scholarships are available through the ECUA.The "open enrollment" program means applicants simply need a high school diploma or GED to register."This is a much-needed program," Linda Fleming said Monday at the "open house" in Kane. She is the dean of the Gannon College of Humanities, Education and Social Services.Fleming said Gannon has a "long history" of offering off-campus graduate programs. She said this is Gannon's first venture to offer an off-campus two-year Associate Degree.See full article by purchasing the July 31 edition of The Kane Republican.


text:
Search Photos
Sort by:
LatestMost PopularRandom
by Yoga Source Center
by Dorian A.,RN,CHLC,Reiki Master
by Rachel Bulisky
Welcome toYoga Source Center
Sign Upor Sign In
Or sign in with:
Growing Epidemic of Mind-Body Fracturing
Ayurvedic physician Sushruta correlated obesity to diabetes and heart…
Posted by Yoga Source Center on May 26, 2018 at 9:00am
Posted by Raw Spirit Festival on March 10, 2014 at 1:30pm
Greetings to all who may happen across this portal page.
This is one of the main avenues I have chosen to share, encourage, shed light…
Posted by Dominique Lehmann on May 9, 2014 at 1:00pm
"The better we know ourselves, the better equipped we…
Posted by Yoga Source Center on March 1, 2014 at 4:00pm
© 2018 Created by Yoga Source Center.
Powered by
Badges |
Report an Issue |
Terms of Service
Please check your browser settings or contact your system administrator.


text:
1 or more
16 or more
32 or more
96 or more
ABOUT THIS PRODUCT: Traditional soft coconut vanilla macaroons. Each mini gift contains 7 pieces. Approximately 6 oz.Kosher for Passover Parve. Lactose free, traces of nuts may occur.
It would be our pleasure to ship it to you!
Free shipping and more discounts! Chocolategelt.com is your online source for Passover Macaroons VANILLA Kosher Parve. We serve schools, synagogues, non-profit organizations, as well as individuals. Passover Macaroons VANILLA Kosher Parve sold retail and wholesale, you can see price break depending on quantity you buy on each product page. Our popular products are dreidels, chocolate coins also known as gelt, candles and party gifts for Chanukah. Our selection also includes wide variety of Purim supplies Thank you for shopping at our store!
- Wholesale - Contact/FAQ - Testimonials


text:
'Montreal won 3-2 and scored all three goals in the second period. The deciding goal by Andrei Markow was the worst of them all. The Sabres played that 4-on-4 like they were short-handed. They sat back and let Montreal dominate play in the Sabres' defensive zone. That was ultimately the deciding mistake in this game. If it wasn't for that, this game probably would have gone into overtime and the Sabres would have earned at least one point for their efforts. Instead, the Sabres lost again in Montreal.'
Archives for November 30, 2008
Sunday's Portland Coverage
Pirates' slide continues as Devils cruise to victory (Portland Press Herald)
Streaking Devils win 5th in a row (Lowell Sun)
It's a streak of a different sort (Maine Hockey Journal)
Pirates Lose to Devils, 5-1 (PortlandPirates.com)
Devils Win Fifth Straight, Sink Pirates, 5-1 (LowellDevilsHockey.com)
Difficult beginning of the season for Lalime
[Rough English translation from French language source]
For link, click here
'"It is that, the role of a substitute. "It is necessary to prepare consequently and make the job. We like all to play hockey, but the team should be helped to gain when one asks us to play", Lalime concluded.'
Sunday's Montreal Coverage
Markov's winner dulls Sabres (Montreal Gazette)
A chance to get back in the chase (Montreal Gazette)
Andrei answers the bell (Canadiens.com)
Fly on the Wall – Nov. 29, 2008 (Canadiens.com)
The Numbers Game – Nov. 29, 2008 (Canadiens.com)
Photo gallery (Canadiens.com)
Photo gallery (Sabres.com)
The following are rough English translations from French language sources:
The Canadian answers the call (Le Journal de Montreal)
Carbo sermonizes and alters its trios (Le Journal de Montreal)
Guy Carbonneau and Richard Martel: even combat (Le Journal de Montreal)
This time, the coach was content (Le Journal de Montreal)
"That one, one did not want to escape it" – Steve Bégin (Le Journal de Montreal)
Difficult beginning of the season for Lalime (Le Journal de Montreal)
Markov: "One can play better than that" (La Presse)
Photo gallery (La Presse)
The Canadian beats the Sabres 3-2 (CP)
Andrei Kostitsyn disputed one of his best matches (CP)
Carbo launches a message to its players (CP)
The smooth face (Radio Canada)
Brainstorm (Radio Canada)
Happy return to Montreal (RDS.ca)
The contribution of Steve Bégin (RDS.ca)
Increasingly demanding according to Ruff
[Rough English translation from French language source]
'Lindy Ruff is at its eleventh season behind the bench of the Sabres of Buffalo, if one excludes the year from the lockout. It is about a record of longevity to the head of the same team among the current trainers.'
Rivet savors his return to Montreal
'"It's exciting for sure, really exciting," Rivet said before the game. "It's my first time back in almost two years. When we got off the plane [Friday night] and drove to the hotel, a big smile came to my face because I had a lot of good memories in Montreal."'
Habs put end to Sabres' streak
'"This is about as tough as a stretch it's going to get for us," said winger Drew Stafford. "Three games, four nights against the top teams in the league. I thought we definitely deserved to win this game but a couple breakdowns cost us. We did take four points out of this stretch. That's definitely positive so we'll try to ride with that."'
Habs score 3 in second period to beat Sabres
'"We had the lead twice and let them come back, and when you let a team as good as Montreal come back in it, chances are you're going to lose," Vanek said.'
Markov goal caps three-goal second period in Habs 3-2 win over Sabres
'"It was a great play by (Jaroslav) Spacek to keep the puck in," said Vanek. "I was going to go off, but when I saw that, I stayed in front and the puck came to me. I knew that if I just turned and shot, Price was pretty solid and I had to put him off because I was in so tight, so I put it between my legs and shot it and it worked out."'
Habs Overcome Vanek's Two, Score 3-2 Win
'The story for the Sabres offense is a familiar one. It starts and ends with Thomas Vanek, who beat goaltender Carey Price twice for his fourth multi-goal game in this young season. The two-goal effort gives Vanek 17 on the season.'


text:
Topic: a problem during installation of iredmail admin
I installed iredmail0.6 on freebsd7.3. it works well
while I was installing iredmail, I selected mysql instead ldap
after that, I installed iredadmin. I can't enter iredadmin interface via https://myip/iredadmin
I enabled debug
I got an
No module named ldap
I can't install Python-LDAP
mail# cd /usr/ports/net/py-ldap2
mail# ls
Makefile distinfo pkg-descr pkg-plist
mail# make
===> py26-ldap2-2.3.11 cannot install: SASL support requested and openldap-client-2.4.22 is installed.
*** Error code 1
Stop in /usr/ports/net/py-ldap2.
How can I run iredadmin properly?


text:
Now that you know what to expect from this set of articles, it's time to summarize the topics covered in the last one. In that part of the series I started developing a basic example to demonstrate how to build a couple of polymorph classes that inherited most of their functionality from a base abstract class.
To extend this explanation, the aforementioned base class encapsulated most of the logic required for creating generic HTML elements. This made it very easy to derive a subclass from it and provide this child entity with the ability to render basic HTML divs.
Of course, it's also fair to note that this example in its current state doesn't clearly show how the class responsible for displaying divs on screen really behaves as a polymorph structure. However, if another child class is spawned from the corresponding parent, and it does display a different behavior when one of its methods gets called, then it'd be easy to demonstrate the polymorph nature of these classes, right?
Well, that's exactly what I'm going to do in the next few lines For this concrete example, the brand new subclass that I plan to build next will be tasked with creating some HTML paragraphs.
Now, to learn how this will be done, click on the link below and start reading!
{mospagebreak title=Review: building polymorph objects by using abstract classes}
As I stated in the introduction, my plan for this tutorial consists of deriving a whole new child class from the parent that builds generic HTML elements, and making it capable of displaying paragraphs. So, it'd be useful to recall how the parent class was originally defined, along with the subclass that constructs divs.
Please take a look at the signature of the abstract "HtmlElement" parent class, which was developed in the following way:
abstract class HtmlElement
protected $id = 'myid';
protected $class = 'myclass';
protected $content = 'Default content for the HTML element';
// assign id attribute to HTML element
public function setId($id = ")
if ($id !== ")
$this->id = $id;
return $this;
// assign class attribute to HTML element
public function setClass($class = ")
if ($class !== ")
$this->class = $class;
return $this;
// set content for HTML element
public function setContent($content = ")
if ($content !== ")
$this->content = $content;
return $this;
// render HTML element (not implemented)
abstract function render();
As you can see, the definition of the above "HtmlElement" abstract class speaks for itself. It declares and implements some simple methods for constructing generic HTML elements. Despite the trivial source code of this particular class, it must be noted that its "render()" method has no concrete implementation.
You may be wondering what's the point is in doing this. Well, the answer is really simple: if several subclasses provide a refined implementation for the method, then it's possible to create a set of children that build all sorts of HTML elements. It's simple and efficient.
The following "Div" class adds to the "render()" method the logic required for creating divs. Here it is:
// define Div class (subclass of HtmlElement class)
class Div extends HtmlElement
// render div element
public function render()
return '
id . '" class="' . $this->class . '">' . $this->content . '
';
Done. Now, there's a subclass that's capable of rendering divs on the browser. Don't believe me? Then give the script below a try and see the output that it produces:
// create new instance of Div class
$div = new Div();
// assign attributes and content for div element and display it on the browser
echo $div->setId('divid')->setClass('divclass')->setContent('This is the new content for the div.')->render();
There you have it. As you can see, once an instance of the "Div" class has been created, it's extremely easy to display a div on the browser, thanks to its chainable API.
The most important detail here, though, is that this class displays a determined behavior when its "render()" method is invoked. But what happens if I derive another subclass from the parent "HtmlElement" and make the same method capable of rendering paragraphs?
That would be pretty interesting, since there would be two classes that belong to the same family but behave differently. Hey, that's exactly the characteristic that distinguishes polymorphs from regular objects!
Naturally, to demonstrate this concept it's necessary to create the subclass that will build HTML paragraphs. This process will be covered in depth in the following section, so click on the link below and keep reading.
{mospagebreak title=Building another polymorph subclass}
As I explained in the section that you just read, to demonstrate that many of the subclasses derived from the parent "HtmlElement" can be considered true polymorph entities, it's necessary to build a class that behaves radically different when its "render()" method gets called.
With that requirement in mind, below I included the definition of this brand new subclass. It's charged with building HTML paragraphs. Look at it, please:
// define Paragraph class (subclass of HtmlElement class)
class Paragraph extends HtmlElement
// render paragraph element
public function render()
return '
id . '" class="' . $this->class . '">' . $this->content . '
';
Were you expecting to be confronted with a complex and lengthy class? Well, fortunately for you and me this isn't the case here. The task that the "Paragraph" class performs is constructing HTML paragraphs via its inherited "render()" method.
Now that this new subclass has been completely defined, it should be clear for you to see its polymorph nature, particularly when compared with its sister "Div." These two child classes are of the same "HtmlElement" type, but each of them acts radically different when rendering a specific HTML element.
At this point, you've hopefully grasped the logic that stands behind building polymorph objects using an abstract class in PHP 5. But, there's still one thing that remains undone — developing a script that shows how to use the previous "Paragraph" class.
That script will be built in the last part of this tutorial. Therefore, click on the link that appears below and read the next few lines.
{mospagebreak title=The functionality of a polymorph object}
It's quite possible that your concept on building polymorph objects via abstract classes is now spot on. However, for the sake of completeness, I'm going to develop a trivial script that demonstrates the actual functionality of the "Paragraph" subclass that you learned in the previous segment.
Having said that, here's how this final script looks:
// create new instance of Paragraph class
$par = new Paragraph();
// assign attributes and content for paragraph element and display it on the browser
echo $par->setId('parid')->setClass('parclass')->setContent('This is the new content for the paragraph.')->render();
Simple to code but pretty illustrative, right? Definitely, there's not much that can be said about the way that the "Paragraph" class works when using an instance of it, except for its behavior in response to a call to its "render()" method.
If you compare this basic example with the one that showed how to use the "Div" class, then you'll realize why these two subclasses are considered polymorphs. Of course, it's possible to create more subclasses that implement the "render()" method differently, but this will be left as homework for you, if you're feeling bored and look for something really fun.
Final thoughts
That's all for now. In this fourth chapter of the series, you learned how to take advantage of Polymorphism in PHP 5 by using a single abstract class and a couple of subclasses. As you saw for yourself, this process was indeed a no-brainer, so you shouldn't have major problems understanding its driving logic.
Now, go back for a moment in time and recall the concepts deployed in the two first articles of the series. Remember that I discussed the construction of polymorph objects by using interfaces? That was a good experience, but in the real world, it is often necessary to build polymorph classes that inherit methods from both interfaces and parent classes simultaneously. This is a powerful approach.
Therefore, in the next article I'm going to show you how to apply this handy method with the pair of HTML element classes that you saw previously. Don't miss the upcoming part!


text:
Scott Keyes from ThinkProgress was a guest on Sean Hannity's radio show the other day and he took the opportunity to ask Hannity about his four year old promise to be waterboarded to prove it wasn't torture. Let's just say he didn't like that very much.
SCOTT KEYES: Before we get started I wanted to say one quick thing. Back in April 2009, you'd made a very generous offer. To prove that it's not torture, you agreed on your television show to be waterboarded for charity and to donate the proceeds to the troops' families.
HANNITY: I said Charles Grodin could do it.
KEYES: Now I know you're an honorable guy Sean, when are you planning to hold the event?
HANNITY: You're obviously taping this. I'm not getting into your five-year-old issue. Here I am bringing you on the program and give you an opportunity to give your pretty radical left-wing point of view, that's kind of the way you treat me. But that's all right.
KEYES: Sean, I'm just curious because you don't think this is torture.
HANNITY: Excuse me, excuse me, excuse me, excuse me. I get to ask the questions on the program.
Immediately following the show, Hannity was so incensed that he personally called ThinkProgress to complain. He accused ThinkProgress of being "fixated" on the matter, baffled that we brought up an issue that he said hasn't been news for years. After we respectfully disagreed and explained that it was disingenuous for him to offer to be waterboarded in order to prove that it's not torture, only not to follow through on the offer, Hannity sighed, "what you're doing here is really stupid." He insisted, though, that it wasn't a sensitive subject.
No, clearly not sensitive at all. One could be forgiven for thinking Sean Hannity was a disingenuous, thin-skinned douche who doesn't like to be reminded of his own broken promises.


text:
Jacoby Jones danced in several NFL end zones this season as he went from unheralded free agent pickup to one of the heroes of the Ravens' Super Bowl XLVII victory over the San Francisco 49ers earlier this month.
He'll now take his dance moves to another stage, and this time, they'll be judged.
The wide receiver and Pro Bowl return man was unveiled by ABC tonight as one of the contestants on 'Dancing With the Stars.' The rest of the cast will be announced Tuesday on Good Morning America. Season 16 of the show will debut on March 18 on ABC.
The announcement was made during a commercial break of tonight's Academy Awards on...


text:
By Judge Thomas A. Jacobs
Special to THELAW.TV
The Internet has given the traditional schoolyard bully an opportunity to become a cyber-bully. Cyber-bullying is defined as the use of electronic communication to convey intimidating or harassing messages. This can be done through email, text, blogs, and social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram.
The majority of states have laws against cyber-bullying or what's called electronic harassment. Schools are mandated to implement anti-bullying policies and some are authorized to discipline students who violate the rules. Most teenagers are skilled users of all things digital. Their parents, however, fall behind when it comes to evolving technologies. If a student becomes a target of a cyber-bully, what can be done? What legal options are available to the student and parents?
The victim and his or her parents can and should take action. Ignoring the bully will not put an end to the attacks and they can grow into a cyber-mob. If the bully is known, the parents may attempt to discuss the situation with him and his parents. The parents should also notify the principal with a request that the school's bullying policies be adhered to. Schools have addressed cyber-bullying of classmates and teachers through suspension and expulsion in the appropriate case.
Schools are charged with providing a hostile-free learning environment and failure to do so may have legal consequences. Some recent cases have resulted in civil lawsuits brought against the bully, parents, school districts and administrators. Depending on the facts of the case, a variety of legal theories may be pursued including negligence, physical or mental harm, invasion of privacy, defamation of character, and intentional infliction of emotional distress.
Another way to deal with a cyber-bully is to seek an Order of Protection from a court. Sometimes referred to as a restraining order or injunction, a violation of the order may result in contempt and possible jail time. The order can restrict a person from all contact with another person or set limitations on the type of contact, frequency and location. Once in place, a protective order will last a specified period of time but may be renewed if necessary.
Finally, if the acts of the bully constitute a crime under relevant statutes, the police may become involved. Crimes including intimidation, threatening, harassment, stalking, or impersonation may be filed against the bully in juvenile or adult court. Penalties for conviction include probation, community service, counseling, jail, or prison.
It is also possible for the parents of the bully to be prosecuted if their behavior contributed to the acts of their child. For example, as this article is being written, an investigation is underway in Lakeland, Florida regarding the suicide of 12-year-old Rebecca Sedwick in September 2013. Two young girls have been charged with aggravated stalking and the parents of one may be charged with contributing to the delinquency of a minor.
Speaking of suicide, the bullycide phenomenon is a global concern. Too many teens turn to their friends or remain silent when cyber-bullying starts. Some take their lives out of fear, frustration, and loneliness. No parent should lose a child on account of the digital antics of a few. Parents must be vigilant by not looking the other way and understand that cyber-bullying is a health issue as well as a legal one. They need to know their kids' passwords to all of their accounts and monitor them regularly. Age appropriate trust must be built between parent and child so that the teen knows they can tell their parents if cyber-bullying occurs, without fear of losing their cell phone or Facebook account. Netiquette should be an ongoing conversation among family members.
The author, Judge Thomas H. Jacobs, was an Arizona Assistant Attorney General from 1972–1985 where he practiced criminal and child welfare law. He was appointed to the Maricopa County Superior Court in 1985 where he served as a judge pro tem and commissioner in the juvenile and family courts until his retirement in 2008. He also taught juvenile law for ten years as an adjunct professor at the Arizona State University School of Social Work. He continues to write for teens, lawyers and judges through his books published by Thomson West and Free Spirit Publishing, Inc. He also writes regularly for teens, parents, and educators on youth justice issues while answering readers' questions at his website AsktheJudge.info.


text:
Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned
|Diamonds in the Rough
At some point, you'll receive a phone call from Ashley, who will request that you go see Ray Boccino. Johnny doesn't care much for this mobster, but nonetheless, he agrees to head over to his restaurant to meet him. The restaurant in question is located at the southern end of Algonquin, on Denver Avenue. When you arrive, Johnny will have an interesting and awkward conversation with Ashley. When he heads on inside, Ray gives him the down-low on what he needs. Though it's pretty clear to him that Johnny doesn't like him, he asks him to move a couple million dollars worth of diamonds for him. Johnny agrees.
First things first -- Johnny will automatically call Jim once outside of the restaurant, requesting his help. Jim tells him that he'll hook him up with the Algonquin branch of the Lost, who will help on this. So first, you're going to have to head to a nearby location to meet up with these unknown bikers. They can be found to the southeast of Ray's restaurant, on Emerald Street. When you get near them, you'll realize they're already rolling, so simply get to the front of the caravan and begin moving towards Broker, where the diamonds are located.
Naturally, your GPS on your HUD will let you know exactly where you need to go, so there's little to worry about as far as direction. And since you're riding at the front of the group, the tempo of the ride will be up to you. Your destination is the heavily-winding road of Oakley Street, tucked in the southwest corner of the Dukes-Broker island, due north of Broker Bridge. When you arrive at the Broker Naval Yard and head to the predetermined location, get ready for a cutscene.
You'll witness the deal going down firsthand. The two sides exchange the goods for money after a mild dispute over the pricing. It seems these diamonds are too good to resist, which is a good thing in and of itself, since those diamonds will soon be changing hands. But as Johnny and his crew assemble and attempt to ambush the purchasers, they become privy to the situation, return fire, and scamper off. Obviously, it's going to be up to you to take care of them and reclaim the diamonds.
This is one hell of a car chase, and depending on the weaponry you do or don't have at the time you're asked to do this, this will be an easy or hard affair for you. You'll begin after the cutscene already on your bike, so all you have to do is drive forward and begin following the limousine, which is itself being tailed by a sedan full of armed thugs. You'll likely want to follow behind the latter car and deal with the armed thugs first, which will make things much, much easier for you. Of course, if you have explosives, like say a grenade, try cooking it just so and then launching it underneath the sedan to rid yourself of it quickly.
As for the limo, well, the passengers within are equally as dangerous, though you won't coerce them to return fire until the shooters in the back car have been eliminated. Pepper the car with gunfire to hopefully take out the driver (who is, by the way, the main target in both vehicles, since the car simply won't drive without its driver... duh.) With the destruction of the limousine comes an on-foot pursuit. Make sure you follow the proper person, the one holding the diamonds (marked by an arrow over his head, and on your HUD.) Once he's slain, be sure to pick up the diamonds that will show up on the ground next to his body.
With the diamonds in hand, the game will prompt you to place the diamonds in two trash bags. Astute GTAIV veterans will recognize this as a prologue to one of Niko's missions in the main quest, where Niko and company collect trash bags full of diamonds. Both drop offs are on the southern end of Algonquin, so getting to them (since the chase likely concluded in the same borough) shouldn't be an issue for you. The westernmost drop point is on Hematite Street. The easternmost drop point is on Emerald Street. Keep in mind that you'll encounter a car full of Ray's goons en route from the first point to the second point, but they are easily dealt with. The mission ends once the diamonds are dropped.
|Give us feedback!
|Continue Walkthrough...
Saints Row: The Third Cheats
Call of Duty: Black Ops II Cheats
Call of Duty: Black Ops Cheats
Fast & Furious: Showdown Cheats
LEGO Batman 2: DC Super Heroes Cheats
Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2 Cheats
Resident Evil Revelations Cheats
God of War: Ascension Cheats
Tomb Raider Cheats
Infamous 2 Cheats
Professor Layton and the Last Specter
X360 Forza Motorsport 4
Wii Rune Factory: Tides of Destiny
NDS Harvest Moon: The Tale of Two Towns
PS3 Dark Souls
PC Dark Souls (Prepare to Die Edition)
X360 Warhammer 40,000: Space Marine
Web War Commander
PS3 Ultimate Marvel Vs. Capcom 3
X360 Trials Evolution
Grand Theft Auto IV: T... at IGN
Grand Theft Auto IV: T... at GameSpy
Grand Theft Auto IV: T... at GameStats


text:
Bruce Jenner Wants To Be A Woman?
Nigel Campbell | October 16, 2013
Say what?
We brought you the news last week that the heads of the Jenner/Kardashian clan, Bruce and Kris Jenner were calling it quits (or at least separating), but even that didn't prepare us for this Star magazine cover:
So Bruce allegedly wants to be a woman? Didn't see that coming.
It's Star so we'll take it with a grain of salt, but we suppose more surprising things have happened. And Bruce allegedly has more dresses than Kim?? Show us the receipts!


text:
G8910, New May 2008
Avian influenza (bird flu) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus. It readily grows in most bird species, including those that are of commercial importance, such as chickens, turkeys and ducks. The major concern now is that a highly pathogenic strain (H5N1) has also been shown to transmit to humans and has the potential to be fatal. Good biosecurity practices should help reduce the risk of spreading the disease if the virus reaches the United States.
The term biosecurity refers to maintaining a farm or facility in a state of cleanliness to protect against the infiltration of biological disease agents. Good biosecurity practices should be in place at all times, but biosecurity has become a greater concern on U.S. farms since the outbreak of bird flu outside the United States. In general, biosecurity in a poultry operation depends on isolating the birds.
Several key elements must be in place for a disease such as bird flu to develop and spread (see Figure 1):
All domestic species of poultry are susceptible to bird flu. It is easier to protect commercial birds kept in houses than free-range birds, which have outdoor access. However, an outbreak in a poultry house would be especially serious because of the large numbers and close confinement of the birds.
The infectious agent for bird flu is a virus. Various strains of the virus have been reported and are categorized according to their pathogenicity, or ability to produce disease. The low pathogen strains are fairly common in wild waterfowl but pose relatively low risk. Although health authorities will still put control measures in place for these strains, they do not affect humans. The high pathogen strains are of much greater concern and have occasionally been associated with transmission to humans. The flu outbreak in the early part of last century was associated with a bird flu virus. The H5N1 strain is of current concern because of its reported transmission to humans who have been in close contact with infected birds.
Waterfowl such as ducks act as a reservoir, or storage system, for the virus. Ducks or geese may contract the disease and either recover or survive for long periods of time while shedding virus as they move about. Chickens and turkeys that contract a high pathogen strain generally exhibit a rapid onset of symptoms and high mortality rates. The virus will "burn out" quickly in these birds if they are isolated.
Transmission refers to ways in which the bird flu virus spreads. The most likely vector, or means of transmission, for bird flu is manure from infected birds or the introduction of infected birds into a flock. In a closed group of birds, the virus spreads through respiration.
Other conditions being equal, disease is more likely to spread in a flock where environmental factors weaken the birds' immune systems. Environmental conditions that can lead to disease include temperature extremes, dust, poor sanitation and crowding.
Biosecurity is generally of less concern for the small flock owner than for the commercial producer. However, if bird flu reaches the United States, both large and small producers will need to become aware of biosecurity procedures. In some locations, outdoor poultry production has been banned when flu was found in the area. The objective of biosecurity practices is to prevent anything that can carry a disease-causing organism from coming in contact with the birds.
In most cases, the portal of entry for the flu virus into a flock is through manure that is brought onto the farm. This can come from wild birds roosting on the farm, workers with infected birds at home, trading of birds, live bird markets and shows, or travel from farm to farm by people or vehicles.
Protective measures for several possible means of disease transmission are discussed below:
Good nutrition, potable water and proper housing should be available for poultry at all times. Poor environmental conditions predispose birds to disease. Proper sanitation begins by maintaining a clean facility. Diseases tend to recur when the cycle of disease is not broken. Birds are the best reservoir and should thus be depopulated periodically to break the disease cycle.
Basic biosecurity indicates that periodic depopulation and cleanup on the farm should occur. Remove all organic matter before wash down and disinfection. Manure from infected houses should be buried, composted or burned. Allow a two-week interval between flocks to break the disease cycle. Commercial disinfectants or dilute bleach solutions can be used for cleanup of equipment and inside buildings. Always follow directions and use proper protective equipment with these chemicals. Dry, sunny conditions will help to disinfect yards. Tilling of the yard may help bring disease organisms to the surface to be killed by sunlight. In the event of a bird flu outbreak in your area, authorities will determine proper control procedures.
Maintaining attention to detail and a proper attitude toward the need for biosecurity is essential for all poultry producers. Biosecurity is simple if one has the right mindset to analyze the risks of carrying the disease and the means to avoid those risks. Determining appropriate procedures and then following them will greatly reduce the risk of spreading any disease.
Most commonly used disinfectants do not work well in the presence of organic matter. Most disinfectants work only on a relatively clean surface. Boots, for instance, should be thoroughly cleaned before disinfection. Yards where poultry are kept can be allowed time to dry so that sunlight can act as a disinfectant. Only harsh chemicals can disinfect dirt or manure, and these should be used with extreme caution by qualified individuals.
Order publications online at http://extension.missouri.edu/explore/shop/ or call toll-free 800-292-0969.


text:
- None (PC gaming)
- Red Dead Redemption (Eventually if it doesn't come to PC)
- Silent Hill: Downpour (Eventually)
XBL Silver.
Feel free to post what you are currently playing & remember to edit & update your post every now and then!
Moderator: Global Moderators
Slacker wrote:I've been thinking that I was the only one editing the list!
(Be careful when reading it Anny, there are several mentions of racing games!)
Slacker wrote:Made a change to mine where I've listed everything I have yet to play
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 2 guests


text: The Thoroughbred Center's Behind the Scenes Tour offers an exclusive look at the training and stabling of thoroughbred race horses. Encompassing over 230 acres of prime Kentucky Bluegrass, this unique horse farm has the ability to accommodate over 1,100 horses. During morning training hours you will get to see horses up close while they workout on the track as well as walk through a barn where horses are stabled. Come see for yourself why trainers say The Thoroughbred Center is one of the best places in the world to train a horse.


text:
iPhone Life Weekly Weekend Giveaway 3/30
By Giveaways
Every weekend we will be raffling off tons of great apps and accessories for FREE. Here's how it works: Every Friday we will announce the prizes being given away through iPhoneLife.com, Facebook, and Twitter. To enter the giveaway, go to iPhoneLife.com/giveaways. On Monday morning we will randomly select the winners. If you win an app, we will email you the promo code to redeem the app for free. If you win an accessory, we will mail it to you.


text:
with the new updates it is causing a scrolling page.
I have 12.0 it's a "rolling" page control.
I have a TBI and can't have scrolling.
has anyone else had this issue or
knows how to stop it even when new updates download ?
I know the updates are important for security reasons.


text:
Stay signed in
Web of Stories Ltd would like to keep you informed about our products and services.
Please tick here if you would like us to keep you informed about our products and services.
I have read and accepted the Terms & Conditions.
Please note: Your email and any private information provided at registration will not be passed on to other individuals or organisations without your specific approval.
If you haven't registered, you may register here
Stay connected
download our app
Web of Stories has launched new mobile phone apps which let you download the recorded life stories of remarkable people whose work has influenced or changed our world.
iPhone apps allow you to download any of the following six speakers. Simply click on the image below to download as many of their stories as you want. Price per speaker £6.99/$8.99.


text:
Price from
Be enchanted by the fantastical countryside of Cappadocia and the underground city of Kaymakli
Cappadocia is literally a land of hidden layers. This short adventure in Turkey's Central Anatolia region takes you to not only some of the earth's most impressive natural rock landscapes, but the labyrinthine world that exists below them – some 36 ancient underground cities dating back as far as four millennia.
Independent Experiences
Independent travel, without the stress. Peregrine's Independent Experiences are a range of short 'mini tours' that you can add to other Experiences or as an extension to a longer tour, to craft your perfect holiday itinerary. Independent Experiences are for 1-3 travellers, come accompanied by a local Peregrine guide and depart daily.
- Start
- Goreme, Turkey
- Finish
- Goreme, Turkey
- Destination
- Turkey
- Style
- Peregrine
- Theme
- Independent Experiences
- Code
- Physical rating
- Trip rating
- 3 reviews
- Ages
- Min 15
- Group size
- Min 1, Max 4
Why you'll love this trip
Fully discover Cappadocia, an extraordinary region that has bewitched travellers for centuries with its strange and fantastic spires, domes, pinnacles and gorges
Explore the Ihlara Valley with a local guide and uncover thousands of dwellings and hundreds of cave churches that were carved directly into the rock
Be part of an artistic expression that dates back over 3,500 years with a pottery demonstration in Avanos
Marvel at the incredible Byzantine rock-hewn churches and their frescos in the ancient monastic settlement of the Goreme Open Air Museum
Is this trip right for you?
Goreme can be quite cold during the cooler months (October - April). Please pack appropriate clothing (including layers) in preparation.
Some of the hiking trails on this trip are on uneven, rocky and sometimes slippery ground. Please bring sturdy, comfortable walking shoes.
- Tashkonak Hotel or similar (1 night)
Included Activities
- Goreme - Kaymakli Underground City
- Goreme - Open Air Museum
- Cappadocia - Uchisar Castle
Optional Activities
- Goreme - Whirling Dervish Show - TRY30
Meals Included
- Lunch
Special InformationAn airport arrival transfer is included. This transfer is only valid if arriving on day 1 or if you have booked pre-trip accommodation through Peregrine. Please provide your flight details at the time of booking, or at a minimum 15 days prior to travel (note - we may not be able confirm request made within 15 days of travel). Once you have provided your details a transfer representative will be booked to meet you at the airport and transfer you to your hotel.
Notes: Please note the balloon ride activity can only be booked locally. Please speak to your trip guide on Day 1 to organise this.
- Tashkonak Hotel or similar (1 night)
Included Activities
- Cappadocia - Ihlara Valley walk
Optional Activities
- Goreme - Hot Air Balloon, Cappadocia Deluxe Flight - EUR230
- Goreme - Anatolian folklore night from - TRY70
Meals Included
- Breakfast
- Lunch
Meals Included
- Breakfast
Meals2 breakfasts, 2 lunches
TransportPrivate airconditioned bus
AccommodationComfortable hotel (2 nights)
Included Activities
- Goreme - Kaymakli Underground City
- Goreme - Open Air Museum
- Cappadocia - Uchisar Castle
- Cappadocia - Ihlara Valley walk
Dates & availability
Trip search is unavailable.
There are currently no scheduled departures on our Cappadocia Experience - Independent trip. If you are interested in other trips in the region visit one of the links below.
Jump to a departure month
Important notes
Independent Experiences
This is an 'independent' trip. You will have a Peregrine guide for each activity (but not while on transport between each Experience if you booked several). As the name suggests, this is not a group trip, so it is just you (and your travelling companions if you booked with a friend). You will have 24/7 support from your guide and our local office. It's up to you if you dine with your guide in the evening – they're available if you wish.
A Complimentary Arrival and Departure Transfer is included on this Independent Experience
We recommend that you check your government's advice for their latest information on travelling in Turkey before your departure and ensure that your travel insurance covers you for all areas of your itinerary. We have links to prominent government travel advisories and regular updates on issues affecting this trip on our Travel Alerts page - www.intrepidtravel.com/au/travel-alerts
Essential trip information
Want an in-depth insight into this trip? Essential Trip Information provides a detailed itinerary, visa info, how to get to your hotel, what's included - pretty much everything you need to know about this adventure and more.View Essential Trip Information


text:
PORT WASHINGTON. N.Y. (MarketWatch) — The U.S. economy may soon receive some much-needed stimulus in the form of an unexpected drop in prices of gasoline.
|Aug. 13
|Retail sales
|Aug. 13
|Retail sales ex-autos
|Aug. 15
|Producer price index
|Aug. 15
|Empire state index
|Aug. 15
|Industrial production
|Aug. 15
|Consumer sentiment
As sure as Memorial Day heralds the return of the peak driving season, that's how quickly gasoline prices follow. As a matter of fact, the conventional wisdom has it that gasoline prices usually go up together with both temperatures and consumer demand.
This rise usually begins to taper off come Labor Day. That's when vacationers return to work and resume their normal driving patterns.
But the current year appears to be shaping up somewhat differently. According to the Energy Information Administration, prices at the pump are going to fall from today's levels. This forecast is based on crude-oil production (which is up) and global demand (which is down).
Rising oil production has boosted U.S. crude-oil inventories to some 398 million barrels. That's the highest level since way back in 1931. On the other hand, demand is declining, both secularly and cyclically.
Near-term, the difficulty people have in finding jobs means less driving. And because many jobs are low-paying, those who are employed turn to mass transit, which is cheaper than driving a motor vehicle.
Longer-term, demographics have depressed demand. The millennials and other young people hardly drive at all, while on the other end of the age spectrum, as people get older and retire, they tend to drive less.
Also cutting into demand is technology prompted by government mandates regarding fuel economy for cars and trucks.
Not only do today's gasoline engines sip far less fuel than their older counterparts, but many also come with a setting that defaults to the economy mode when started. This means the vehicle starts moving in a higher gear, and when it stops moving, the engine shuts down. And of course, let us not forget hybrids, which combine gasoline with some form of electric propulsion.
Besides falling counter-seasonally, gasoline prices are down compared to this time last year. Indeed, in many areas gas prices are the lowest they've been since 2011. This reflects demand that has been declining since reaching a peak in 2007.
If this trend continues (meaning that refinery production isn't cut because of war or a hurricane), it bodes well for the fledgling recovery. A drop in prices of such a necessity as gasoline is like a tax cut. Each penny decline in gasoline puts $1 billion back into people's pockets — money that almost certainly will be spent.
This could break the logjam that's been holding back economic growth.
Up until now, employers have been reluctant to hire until demand improves. For their part, consumers have been hesitating to spend until they are sure that job prospects are getting better.
These petrodollars should give business the confidence it needs to step up hiring, which, in turn, will encourage consumers to boost their outlays even more.
In other words, thanks to falling gas prices, the U.S. economy will go from a vicious cycle to a virtuous cycle.
More MarketWatch news and opinion:
Consumers, businesses still sitting on fence
Why U.S. stocks are being held back from a big breakout
China reportedly bans U.S. consultants as tensions heat up


text:
Photo: So Fresh and So Clean! The 1200's ready to rock for tomorrow's Commuter Convoy. Don't forget to sign up if you plan on meeting me there.
What a month! My wife and I are almost completely settled in at the new place, although we still have an Explorer that's been completely packed with stuff since the 29th, or about 3 days. Once we get the remainder of the boxes situated that are already up here in our apartment, I'll go unload the Explorer.
This month, I did have fun on my bike and I am reliably under 200 pounds. June's goals were met without a problem. I used my mountain bike quite a bit, both for some of my recreational riding and for commuting on wet days. I used my hybrid for a few days, too. So, I used all my bikes this month.
Days Driven to work in June: 0
Car-Free commute days in June: 17
Days I used my bike instead of my car for errands outside work in June: 14
Total Miles ridden in June: 295
2007 Cumulative Bike/Drive commute ratio: 3.83:1
2007 Cumulative Transportation/Recreation miles ratio: 2.92:1
2007 Cumulative miles ridden: 1,577
2007 Cumulative Commutes by bike: 92 round trips
July Goals:
July is going to be a scorcher from the looks of things. It will be a challenge of my will to meet my goals for July.
Ride a full round trip on average at least twice a week, without the bus or car.
Get my 2007 Cumulative Bike/Drive ratio up over 4.0:1.
July will be another 400+ mile month.
Sunday, July 01, 2007
June Wrap-Up
Photo: So Fresh and So Clean! The 1200's ready to rock for tomorrow's Commuter Convoy. Don't forget to sign up if you plan on meeting me there.
2 comments:
- A Midnight Rider said...
Very nice stats. Living in the city does have lots of benefits over the burbs.
Your having a great summer aren't you?
- July 01, 2007 9:38 PM
- Apertome said...
Good work, man, very good work. I am still trying to get to that "reliably under 200 pounds" point. I seem to be hovering right around 200. Some days more, some days a little less. I've been riding enough, but slacked on the diet. Argh.
- July 02, 2007 11:14 AM
Privacy Policy
By leaving a link or e-mail address in my comments (including your blogger profile or website URL), you acknowledge that the published comment and associated links will be available to the public and that they will likely be clicked on.


text:
Student Government Association
Have you ever wanted to know when something was going to happen? Have you ever wanted to be able to predict the future? If you join the Chipola Student Government Association you will be able to help build the future. The CC SGA is the student's voice on campus.
The SGA sponsors many activities throughout the year including:
Night Socials
Fall Festival/Spring Frolics
Blood Drives
Homecoming activities
And much, much more…
As a member of the CC SGA, you will be able to help decide what new and exciting activities will be planned for the year.
For more information, contact:
Nancy Johnson, SGA Adviser
email email@example.com
(850) 718-2314
Last Updated September 08, 2014