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ClubTug.com is the worlds top rated handjob site for good reason. We are commited to providing the highest quality handjob and cumshot porn videos around. With over 20,000+ satisfied members, Club Tug promises to provide you with the best exclusive handjob porn.
Baste Her Face - Oct 31
Perverted Mom Stacie Starr loves to make guys bust their loads on teen Keegans pretty face. When Joey pulls out his massive cock the horny duo take turns tag teaming his thick shaft.Download The Full Episode
Moms For Ethical Behavior - Aug 16
Stacie Starr and Rache Steele are members of the local M.F.E.B They are handing our brochures throughout the neighborhood when they knock on the Johnson's' home. There college bound son Jack answers and Mrs. Starr lectures Jack about the dangers of college. With his cock erect from beating off...Download The Full Episode
Super Semen Shooter - Aug 22
Your cock pulsates as Michelle Martinez teases you with her hands. She glides her fingers gently across your shaft but you cant hold out any longer and shoot your goo across the room.Download The Full Episode
Jacked in Class - April 22
When Mrs. Starr accidentally exposes her massive tits in front of the class, Billy cant help but reach in for a feel. The lonely school teacher gets pissed and ends up jacking him off in front of students.Download The Full Episode
Alia Janine Gets Blasted - March 03
Top heavy clubtug hottie Alia Janine makes Billys cock disappear between her natural juggs by giving the raunchiest handjob yet. When Alia milks his cock she demands that he cum all over her massive 44J tits.Download The Full Episode
Baste Moms Boobs - Feb 12
Joeys new step mom Raquel loves nothing more than making him feel right at home. She does so by exposing her massive juggs and allowing him to fondle them. This time she actually lets him tit fuck them and spurt his goo all over them.Download The Full Episode
Sierra Luv Vs Step-Son - Oct 11
When MILF Sierra catches Joey masturbating she becomes very upset. But Joey ignores her and continues to jack off. "Now you listen to me young man!...you had better stop playing with your huge cock like that, STOP THAT!" Mrs. Luv's pussy begins to throb as she considers the excitement of watching him cum.Download The Full Episode
Amber Raines Hand job Video - Oct 04
Teen Amber Raines loves to suck on things, but whenever she stops over Mr. Millers house while his nagging wife is away, the curious Amber loves to milk his massive cock. "Geez Mr. Miller, promise you wont jizz on my face again like before?...that was so gross!"Download The Full Episode
Rachel Steele and Stacie Starr - Jun 1
The M.F.E.B. - Moms For Ethical Behavior are going throughout the neighborhood giving out free condoms to all the horny guys. When they visit Joey they notice his big bulge and teach him how to use a condom properly. "Now first thing Joey your big cock needs to be hard"Download The Full Episode
Cute MILF Milks Him - Jul 2
Hot MILF Harper is back and bigger than ever. The adorable little mom catches Jimmy jerking it and lets Will play, fondle and tit fuck them. She makes him spurt in seconds.Download The Full Episode
Michelle Honeywell Cum Coax - Aug 11
Innocent teens Zoe and JC have never even seen a cock in real life. But when Michelle starts talking about how she jacks off her man....the two teens get curious. Michelle decides to teach them a hand job lesson with a lucky stranger. But when he wont cum...the two teens join in to help her out. "OMG I...Download The Full Episode
Krystal Banks Tugs Boner - Jan 11
John likes his Teener neighbor Krystal Banks, so much so he wants to let her know how much, by whipping out his massive boner and seeing what shell do next. John pulls it out and Krystal starts yelling at him, but the curious teener likes what she sees and eventually tugging on it.Download The Full Episode
Grandma Ray Jacks Jonny - July 01
Grandma Ray stops by to measure Jonny for a tux when she accidentally touches his cock. This get out of hand when Johnny whips it out and starts jacking off right in front of Mrs. Ray. "OMG, put that huge cock away before I have to finish what you started young man!"Download The Full Episode
He Got Served - May 16
Amber Bach, Charlee Chase and Melanie Hicks are playing beach volleyball when Scott shows up the horny girls call him to play with them. They take him to their room and place him on the bed, before starting to jerk off his dick. The busty girls tag team this dick until Scott explodes his cumload on their big tits.Download The Full Episode
Trinity Tit Fuck - Feb 03
Big titted teen lets Billy fuck her whopping 44E natural tits. As his cock disappears between her juggs, the reaches under and jacks him off until her boobs are blasted with jizz.Download The Full Episode
Keri Lynn Tug Job Video - April 18
Hot mommy Keri Lynn is back and gets naked and nasty after coming home from a hard days work. The hot mom suprises the pool boy Billy and things get out of hand. "I want to jerk your huge massive cock Billy" Soon after, she makes a massive cumshot all over the shower door!Download The Full Episode
Monster Boobs Sprayed - May 30
Claire makes a bet with her strict boss that she can make him cum in under five minutes. If she wins the bet... she gets a raise! Claire then uses her huge tits and hands to make her boss explode his jizz all over her whopping 44fff tits! "Hurry up Mr. White...jizz on these fucking juggs!"Download The Full Episode
Mom Carey Learns Stick Shift - April 17
Honry MILF Carey Riley loves to drive stick shift, but when she sees a nice Camero she wants to take a ride. Instead the milf ends up jerking his stick shift so hard he almost nuts in his eye,Download The Full Episode
Joeys Dick Gets Milked - Feb 28
Teens Kaci and Angela are bffs on Facebook, but when kaci notices she is friends with her step brother Joey, things gets a little twisted. The horny duo decided to milk his cock bone dry. Kaci doesn't want him to enjoy it too much and covers his mouth as he moans in cock throbbing agony.Download The Full Episode
Granny's Jack Off Boy - Aug 29
Horny clubtug moms Tracy, Dee and Scarlet are frustrated when there husbands ignore them in the bedroom. But once Dee calls up the young stud she is fucking, the three cum crazy moms tag team him and will do whatever it takes to coax cum. "Wanna see him cum on my face?" Says milf Dee.Download The Full Episode
Monster Cock Madness - March 11
Teener Holly Hendrix stops over Johnnys, when he coaxes her to help him jack off, teen Holly is cock shocked as she jacks, spits and strokes furiously until she is finally blasted with jizz.Download The Full Episode
Mom and Teens Tag Team - Feb 27
When big cock neighbor Scotty stops over teen Chloe and Zoe's house. Mom notices his huge bulge in his pants and decides to teach all three a lesson by jacking, titty fucking and sucking off his cock. As the two teens watch on, their pussy's get wet and wanna join in. Moments later, mom jerks him off on both of there faces.Download The Full Episode
Granny Makes Jonny Nut - April 10
Neighborhood sexpot Mrs. Sexton loves jacking off the neighbor guys, especially young Jonny. Watch as Granny Mrs. Sexton tugs on Jonny's big cock. "It's ok to jizz on my face Jonny" says the milf as she finally makes his cock spurt.Download The Full Episode
Mrs. Robinson Vs Jimmy - Jul 07
Mrs. James is having some fun with Billy when Mrs. Robinson stops over to drop off some mail. She spots Billys big cock. "OMG!, I'm sorry, ummm, can I borrow him for a few hours! My husband is gone". Mrs. Robinson jacks off Billy until he explodes all over Mrs. James gaping ass.Download The Full Episode
Members Top Rated Episodes View All Episodes »
Student Fondles Mrs. Starr
When Mrs. Starr accidentally exposes her massive tits in front of the class, Billy cant help but reach in for a feel. But when he pulls out his rock hard cock and begins masturbating things get out of hand fast, as Mrs. Starr jerks him off in front of everyone.Run Time:
192Date Added:
Aug 16Model(s):
Stacie and Billy
Mr. Franklin gets Milked
Mr. Franklin coaxes his teen neighbor JC to come over and help jack him off while his wife is away on a business trip. "ok Mr Franklin its a deal, I will jerk your big huge cock again like last time...but only if my friend Zoe can come with me".Run Time:
175Date Added:
1 Aug 22Model(s):
JC and Zoe
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Robspindles necesitaba un nuevo diseño de página web y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 26 diseños de 8 diseñadores freelance.
sportmonitors.com.au changing name to HighlyTunedAthletes.com.au
Highly Tuned Athletes is a retail store in Melbourne Australia representing Polar, Garmin, Suutno, Timex, plus GU Energy Gels and 2XU compression garments.
Sport related Heart Rate Monitors
Current site: http://www.sportmonitors.com.au
I only need the .psd file with the above requirements in it. I will cut it up myself and code it myself.
LOTS of Feedback will be provided and as the designs become appealing, we will GUARANTEE the PRIZE
Total size is 1024 x 768 Pixels
Left Hand Column is approx 250 to 270 in width
NOTE: Shopping Cart portion is not a part of our design requirements, but FYI is about 720 wide. You can leave this blank if you wish
The top is therefore about 1000 wide (leaving some room for website designers margins). The height is up to the designer.
We would like to see the logos/gifs of the following ,encased in the site:
- Polar
- Garmin
- Suunto
- Timex
We would also like to see other logos included such as:
- Comodo security logo
- Visa/Mastercard/Paypal card acceptance
- Kayako Live support
- A position for the shopping Cart checkout status (currently as per in the watch on our site)
- Australian Owned Logo
The best way to see what we are trying to fix is look at our existing site and give us your improvements http://www.sportmonitors.com.au
We have a logo for the Highly Tuned Athletes and it can be found at:
Logo's for each of the brands can easily be found in Google images
Image for 'Australian Owned' logo is here:


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posted by Thom Holwerda on Sat 30th Jun 2007 17:14 UTC, submitted by Michael Larabel
"The last time we had written an article on Nouveau, the community project working on developing an open-source 3D display driver for NVIDIA hardware, was this past January after being enlightened by glxgears finally being able to run on NVIDIA's NV4x GPUs. Since then many developments have occurred with this open-source NVIDIA driver as we have covered in several news postings. In this article today we will share with you where the Nouveau project stands today from a user perspective as well as testing out the driver on a few more NVIDIA systems."


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(You can chose any number of characters you want. I'm just showing you which ones you can use)
The Weirdness art jam includes: Paranormal activity, Odd and unusual activity, substances, etc.
Crossovers such as SCP, Games (Video), and other things are accepted.
You can also include some "crazy" things.
To Sign up for the jam:


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I thought this type of discovery deserved a bit of a higher profile, so here goes. Digital Press forum member, "Seaquest", posted about a game his father found about four years ago. I'll let Seaquest's words describe the finding:
"The Cat S.O.S game (Caterpillar scheduled oil sampling game)along with a colecovision was given to every cat dealership in 1983 to support the S.O.S. program. The customers would play it while waiting in the lobby. The game was made by the company Nuvatec. It was never sold commercially and could only be found exclusively in cat heavy equipment dealerships. My dad (who worked at cat) found that they were about to discard of both the game and the console so he saved it and gave it to me to add to my collection.
The game consists of a bulldozer that rides around and pushes dirt. Each dirt pile represents a "job". To keep from exploding you have to send in oil samples to the cat dealership ,then you will be told if the oil is good or bad. If you fail to do this occasionally your oil will go bad and your bulldozer will explode. To clean the oil you have to go to the cat dealership. The goal of the game is to make the most money from finishing "jobs".
I am pretty sure I have one of the last copys left in existense. If anyone knows anything about the value or has any questions please send me a message. Thanks!"
As you can see in the forum topic - which also contains more images - someone has already taken the charge to get the data off the cartridge and create a ROM of this amazing find!


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posted by Thom Holwerda on Wed 23rd Jan 2008 07:02 UTC, submitted by SEJeff
On April 29, SCO will finally have its day in court, but not exactly in the way the Unix and Linux litigation company had planned. If things had gone the way SCO wanted, it would be facing IBM to see how much money it would get for IBM using Unix code in Linux. Instead of that fantasy coming true, SCO will be trying to hang on to what's left of its assets from Novell.


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Phil Han, 27, owner, Dooby's Coffee
Phil Han is the type of businessman who immediately says "stoked!" when asked how he's feeling about his new venture, Dooby's Coffee in Mount Vernon. He's the type of guy who quotes a Jay-Z lyric -- with a self-deprecating laugh -- when describing his entrepreneur style: "I'm not a businessman. I'm a business, man." But then again, in the same conversation he'll talk enthusiastically about preparing for this moment for years, of liquor licenses (just obtained!) and working with the Mount Vernon-Belvedere Association (they're so supportive!). He'll talk about learning to create income statements, of sustainability practices, of learning how HR works just as excitedly as he talks about how craft beers and wine will be available at his place. And specialty coffee! Pastries! Lunch items! There's still no official opening date, but Han said it will be sometime this spring. "Dooby's is a good idea," said Han, a Gilman grad who grew up in Lutherville-Timonium. "This is a place I would want to hang out. We're not trendy. We're not the next cupcake place. We're an items-you-already-consume place." As he smoothly discusses his business plan, you get the sense he's been at this for years. In a way, that's true. He attended Babson College in Wellesley, Mass., a private business school renowned for its entrepreneurship program. As freshmen, students already pitch business plans. Han's pitch involved manufacturing rubber message bracelets for various companies and nonprofits nationwide; this was at the height of the Livestrong craze. It was an immediate success, banking about $18,500 during a four-month period. At the time, Han said, it set a record for highest income business in school history for the course. A later stint with men's lifestyle company Thrillist honed his branding skills, and time working for his father's company, a wholesale food distributor for convenience stores, set up invaluable industry contacts. Everything has led to -- and helped create -- Dooby's. And, by the way, Dooby is Han's nickname, a shortened version of the Korean term for a croaking toad, which Han's mother said his crying sounded like as a baby. "You get spoiled by living in large foodie communities," Han said. "You come home and your options ... were committing to an awesome dinner at Woodberry Kitchen (but you're paying $50 a person) or your other option is the same dives in Fells and Canton. I just wanted a place where people can get a really awesome coffee and craft beer, where I'd want to have a conversation with my buddies and girlfriend." Dooby's has big shoes to fill. It's not only smack in the middle of competitive Charles Street, but also fills space once occupied by a trio of popular restaurants -- Indigma, Donna's and My Thai -- in a building devastated by a fire in December 2010. He hopes Dooby's will help inspire other young businesspeople to follow their ideas and set up shop in town. "My Dad, if there's a big thing he showed me, other than how to run a business, it's that there's so much more to life than just making money or creating a service," he said. "It's being able to leverage that to have a greater impact on your community."
Amy Davis / Baltimore Sun
Copyright © 2018, Daily Press


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The Body Keeps the Score
Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of TraumaBook - 2015
From the critics
Community Activity
CommentAdd a Comment
Accessible, thorough, and human approach to the challenges of dealing with a population that suffers from traumatic experience. Dr Van der Kolk states that trauma and child abuse are at the heart of so many addictions, ailments, incarcerations...
well written from a compassionate perspective, with lots of scientific and medical studies as well as exploration of alternatives that successfully provide relief to sufferers. This and Judith Herman's "Trauma and Recovery" are two of the best works on the subject.
Bessel van der Kolk is my hero. Literally, he is fighting for me and others like me, and I sincerely love him for it. Thank you Bessel.
Excellent. Digs into intriguing clinical research and discusses the social and political blockages and implications in trauma treatment (funding issues; lack of prioritization; etc), so you get not only a survey of medical treatments, but also a strong contextualization for why certain treatments are prioritized or ignored in America.
The patient examples in this book veer towards some of the most extreme scenarios, and I wish this discussion of childhood trauma included examples and symptoms for patients at the less extreme end of the spectrum. That being said, still a lot of eye opening information.
Also liked the presentation of the 6 or so treatments– I think this is the first time I'd ever seen all these options for PTSD treatment laid out. I have to wonder why I have never met a health care provider who is not versed in the spectrum of choices for PTSD treatment and why insurance doesn't cover "alternative" treatments like yoga, that have been clinically proven, over and over again, to be highly effective.
I wish the resources at the end included more about how to access certain kinds of treatments– for example, there's a whole chapter in the book about neurofeedback, but no resources listed at the end for where to learn more about it, find a provider, or determine if it is right for you.
All therapists, medical professionals, and anyone dealing with traumatized populations should read this book and be trained in this science. It is appalling that isn't already the case.
This is a health issue that causes so much pain and detriment, on personal and social fronts that it is simple egregious that more is not being done to treat, intervene, and prevent cycles of trauma.
Knowledge is power and this book is chalked full of knowledge about how our minds and bodies store and process trauma throughout our lifespans. Van der Kolk helps us better understand ourselves and people around us, from the person in the check out line, to family members, to possibly those we work with in a professional setting as healers. It is written in a way that you do not need an advanced foundation in psychology or recovery to further understand how we all move through our suffering and scars day to day.
Excellent book. I highly recommend reading for anyone dealing with PSTD or any childhood disruptions. Real concrete understanding along with natural solutions. Finally a book that puts all the pieces of the puzzle together.
Great and wonderful updated understanding with a wide viewpoint.
SummaryAdd a Summary
Trauma affects the mind and body immensely and prevents those affected from living in the present. Van der Kolk, who has researched trauma since the 1970s, first became interested in trauma after meeting with Vietnam veterans who had a very hard time living their lives after returning from the war. They would become very angry, numb to their regular life, and unable to leave behind traumatic moments that occurred during war time. Van der Kolk was instrumental in identifying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and creating strategies to help those afflicted by it.
Van der Kolk also realized that there are millions of people affected by trauma in their everyday lives, especially children. For example, one in five Americans were molested as children, and one in four people living in the United States has an alcoholic parent. Through work with these people, van der Kolk identified another trauma based disorder, Developmental Trauma Disorder (DTD). Van der Kolk wrote this book, in part, to argue for the inclusion of DTD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM VI).
Courtesy: Instaread.co
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SALT LAKE CITY (AP) — An animal rights activist's request to install a roadside memorial at the site where hundreds of turkeys died in a Utah truck crash has been denied.
The Utah Department of Transportation on Friday rejected the request made by Amy Meyer of Salt Lake City on behalf of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, saying it didn't meet the agency's policy standards.
The memorials allow grieving families to memorialize loved ones who die in highway crashes.
KSL reports Meyers argued the condition should be overlooked because turkeys in the factory-farming industry have no living relatives. She proposed that PETA's memorial urge people to "try vegan."
A truck hauling 720 turkeys crashed April 24 on a highway northeast of Provo, killing all but about two dozen of the birds.
Information from: KSL-TV, www.ksl.com


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Saitek P3200 Rumble Gamepad Review
Popularity for PC gaming has been growing steadily for years. Microsoft has improved this experience in recent months with the release of games under its new platform "Games for Windows." The goal for these games is to provide the feel and function of a console, with the graphical abilities of a PC. Most titles on this platform have enhanced features that shorten the install process and provide support for a wide range of aftermarket gamepads. Although most PC gamers prefer using a mouse and keyboard, there are still some of us who enjoy the feel of a contoured controller when gaming. But with so many gamepads on the market, how do we choose?
Closer Look:
The front of the box encompasses the main features of the Saitek P3200 Rumble Gamepad. A large shot of the face of the gamepad is accompanied by badges that state the device's abilities. These include the rumble forces, programmability and the Windows compatibility. The backside details the layout of the controller and lists all of the buttons and analog sticks of the P3200 Rumble Gamepad.
The sides of the box each display a small shot of the P3200 Rumble Gamepad and touch again on the key features of the P3200.
The top is branded with the Saitek label; a picture of the Saitek P3200 Rumble Gamepad hovers above the model name. The underside of the box informs all international users that instructions for installation are included in the box.


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SAN FRANCISCO (MarketWatch)—J.C. Penney Co. shares rallied in Thursday's extended trading after the struggling retailer reported an unexpectedly smaller loss on stronger sales, while Monster Beverage Corp. soared on a hefty investment from Coca-Cola Co.
J.C. Penney JCP, +0.00% said its second-quarter loss narrowed to $172 million, or 56 cents a share, from a loss of $586 million, or $2.66 a share, a year ago. Analysts on Wall Street had forecast a loss of 91 cents a share. Sales grew to $2.8 billion from last year's $2.66 billion while same-store sales increased 6%. Gross margin improved by 6.4 percentage points.
Shares of J.C. Penney climbed 5.4% in after-hours trading.
Monster Beverage MNST, -0.24% shares surged 23% after the energy drink maker said Coca-Cola (TICKER:KO) will buy a 17% stake in the company as part of a new long-term partnership agreement. Under the agreement, Coke will pay $2.15 billion in cash and transfer its global energy drink business to Monster. Shares of Coke rose 1.2% in after hours.
Applied Materials Inc. AMAT, +0.53% reported its fiscal third-quarter profit soared 79% on improving sales and margin. Applied Materials shares rose 1.9% in after-hour trading.
Bill Ackman's Pershing Square boosted its stake in Allergan Inc. AGN, +1.72% and Howard Hughes Corp. HHC, +0.89% and cut shares in Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd. CP, +0.24%
Providing critical information for the U.S. trading day. Subscribe to MarketWatch's free Need to Know newsletter. Sign up here.


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Consensus Report
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Fish Stock Rebuilding Plans in the United States (2013)Ocean Studies Board
Each report is produced by a committee of experts selected by the Academy to address a particular statement of task and is subject to a rigorous, independent peer review; while the reports represent views of the committee, they also are endorsed by the Academy. Learn more on our expert consensus reports.
Fish stock rebuilding plans have proven successful in reducing fishing pressure on many overfished stocks, and stock sizes have generally increased. However, in some cases fisheries have not rebuilt as quickly as the plans projected, due to factors such as overestimation of the size of stocks and incidental catch by fisheries targeting other species. Even when fishing is reduced appropriately for the actual stock size, the rate at which rebuilding occurs will depend on ecological and other environmental conditions. Because of all these factors, it is difficult to make accurate predictions of the time it will take stocks to rebuild. Therefore, rebuilding plans that focus more on meeting selected fishing mortality targets than on adhering to strict schedules for achieving rebuilding may be more robust to assessment uncertainties, environmental variability, and the effect of ecological interactions. Click here to view an interactive chart that shows how fishing limits are helping rebuild depleted fish stocks in U.S. waters.
Key Messages
- The concept of Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) can be useful in establishing population size and harvest rates that a population can sustain. Rebuilding plans based on MSY have proven successful for many stocks: of the 85 stocks declared overfished or approaching an overfished state between 1997 and 2012, 41 are no longer classified as overfished (of these, 11 are rebuilding and 30 are rebuilt). However, a further 41 stocks have not rebuilt yet, and are still classified as overfished. The committee identified several challenges associated with current rebuilding plans.
- Current rebuilding plans use a static metric of MSY, which in theory represents average conditions. In reality, ecosystems are dynamic and as a consequence MSY varies with factors such as changes in environmental conditions and ecological interactions. Generating reliable estimates of MSY depends on having extensive information about the biology of the species and its abundance in the years before it was overfished. This wealth of information is only available for a relatively few stocks, hence there is considerable uncertainty in the MSY estimates for most stocks.
- Scientists rely on a variety of sampling and statistical methods to estimate stock size, and to project future trends. The accuracy of the population estimates and the projections depends on the quality and amount of data available, and the ability of models to reproduce the primary determinants of the species' population growth. As more data are collected and new models and assessment methods become available, past estimates of the status of fish stocks can change substantially.
- Climate, environmental conditions, and ecosystem interactions can have significant effects on the rate at which a stock rebuilds. Although these factors affect the time it takes for a stock to rebuild, it is not currently possible to incorporate them into models to improve projections to a degree of accuracy that is useful for management.
- When one stock within a mixed-stock fishery is declared overfished, reductions in fishing required by the rebuilding plans affect all the stocks in the fishery, leading to a loss of yield and income.
- Current rebuilding plans rely on a prescriptive approach, which has had demonstrated successes in identifying and rebuilding some fish stocks. However, the plans' focus on achieving rebuilding targets within set timeframes forces reliance on forecasts and estimates of MSY-based reference points, which often carry a high level of uncertainty. Rebuilding plans that focus on meeting selected fishing mortality targets may be more effective than a plan with an exact time period for rebuilding. The report's authoring committee made several suggestions for alternative management strategies for rebuilding fish stocks.
- Delaying reductions in annual catch until the stock biomass has declined to overfished status means that fishery managers must then make immediate and substantial decreases in fishing. Alternative management actions, such as harvest control rules that promptly but gradually reduce fishing as estimated stock size falls would result in a lower likelihood of a stock becoming overfished.
- Fishing mortality reference points seem to be more robust to uncertainty than biomass reference points, both in the context of rebuilding and more generally. Estimates of biomass are expected to change, and hopefully improve, as stocks rebuild -- but predicting these changes is difficult as it requires predicting average future recruitment of juvenile fish to the adult population. In contrast, setting reference points based on fishing mortality requires comparatively less information.
- Most fisheries select for the largest fish, and by doing so reduce the average age of the fished population. A rebuilding strategy based on maintaining reduced fishing mortality for an extended period—longer than the mean generation time of the stock—would help restore the stock's age structure and would be more robust to changing environmental conditions than strategies that require rebuilding to pre-specified biomass targets by a given time limit.
- The Magnuson-Stevens Act specifies that stocks designated as overfished must rebuild within a maximum time period (usually 10 years). If rebuilding is slower on average than expected when the plan was adopted -- for example, due to unfavorable environmental conditions that affect recruitment of juveniles -- ever more severe controls on fishing must be applied to try to keep rebuilding "on schedule," often with significant socio-economic impacts to the fishing industry and community. Maintaining fishing at some constant level below the catch limit may help achieve rebuilding goals on a schedule that accommodates natural variability in stock productivity.
- Analytical assessments are not available for many of the stocks classified as overfished because there are not enough data and information to build the required models and to estimate MSY reference points. Without these data, catch limits are difficult to establish. In these cases, empirical rebuilding strategies that rely on input controls to reduce fishing -- for example, reductions in fishing operations, or closing fishing areas -- may be more effective and defensible than strategies based on annual catch limits and biomass targets.
- It is clear that reducing fishing to meet rebuilding targets can have severe social and economic impacts on fishing communities and the fishing industry. However, socio-economic information is not readily available to evaluate the broader and long-term impacts of rebuilding plans. Retrospective reviews of the socio-economic impacts of rebuilding plans would help in refining rebuilding plans and objectives, improving the consequences of future plans.


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ASHBURN, Va. (AP) The Washington Redskins say coach Mike Shanahan had money and a passport stolen from the locker room during the road game against the Pittsburgh Steelers last month.
Redskins director of security Ed Burke released a statement Thursday saying that officers in Pittsburgh insisted on filing a police report and that the investigation is ongoing.
The Redskins lost 27-12 to the Steelers on Oct. 28.


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Grand Theft Auto IV Walkthrough
Head to Alderney, where Hardtack Avenue and Lee Road intersect with one another. Nearby (as seen on your HUD), you can find a guy named Derrick lying on a bench in the park, drunk and doped-out. Speak with him, and he'll soon come to his senses, asking Niko to help him out with a mission of retribution. Niko seems to have a soft spot for this drunkard, and agrees to help him out (not to mention he's related to Packie, Kate, and others, so...). And just like that, yet another new contractor sends you out on your way.
Your first order of business is to find a cop car, because you're going to need to access a cop car's computer. As you certainly know by this point in the game, there are hard ways to do this and there are relatively easy ways to do this. If you're not using cheats (and you shouldn't), finding a parked cop car which you can break into is optimal, but there's another way if you're having problems. Find a cop car and bump it with your own car. This will cause the car to stop and the cops will get out. Then, jump into their car and speed away. This should only leave you with a one star wanted level that you can easily lose.
Once you have a cop car and have lost any wanted level you may have accrued, access the computer and look up the name the game prompts you to check out -- Bucky Sligo. After looking this criminal up, you'll find out that his hang out is over at a branch of the Burger Shot chain at the far north end of Alderney, where Owl Creek Avenue runs into Sacramento Avenue. Head over to that location after adding it to your GPS, and watch as Bucky runs off to find his friends and protect himself from arrest, just as Derrick hypothesized. Keep in mind that you need to keep your cop car after looking him up in order for this to work. He has to think you're the cops, not just some dude.
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Adding Images
Printable instructions here∞ [PDF | 119KB]
If you wish to add images to your page, you must first make sure that your user account has been granted permission to do this. If you are unsure whether you have permissions to add images, or wish to request permission, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com∞ with your username.
To place images on a page of the CAF site, you can use the image action. This can be broken down into four steps
1. Firstly, you need to put an 'upload' box on your page so you can get images (or other kinds of attachments) into the page. To do this, first log in, go to your page, and hit the 'edit' button. Then type simply: {{files}} somewhere on the page (it doesn't matter where but at the bottom is probably best) which, when you store your changes, will bring up a handy upload box.
2. Once you have your upload box in place, use it to browse your own files, pick an image from your hard drive, USB stick or wherever, and upload it. Once this is uploaded (you can upload lots of pictures if you like), you can get rid of the {{files}} text from your page.
Please make sure that the image you are wanting to upload is not too large – we recommend images to be around 300 pixels wide, and definitely no wider than 610 pixels. It should also be in jpeg (.jpg) format.
There is no reason not to offer higher resolution images if you wish, but please make these available for download only rather, than for appearing on the page.
3. You then need to place your image in the right place in the page. To do this, just type the following instruction:
{{image class="centre" alt="TYPE A DESCRIPTION OF YOUR PICTURE" title="TYPE THE TITLE OF YOUR PICTURE" url="uploads/YOURPAGENAME/YOURFILENAME.jpg"}}
Replacing the words in capitals with your real information. For example, to incorporate an uploaded image in your page, the 'url="..."' part of the image action should read as follows: url="uploads/PageName/filename.extension" where PageName is the name of your page and filename.extension is the file you have uploaded.
If you don't want your image to appear in the centre of the page, replace the word "centre" with "left" or "right" to move the picture in either direction.
4. You should see your image on the page when you click 'save'. If you have any problems adding images at all, contact us on email@example.com and we'd be happy to help.
Images with links
If you would like your picture also to act as a link to another page, add 'link="TYPE WEB ADDRESS"' to the end of the instruction, before the closure of the curly brackets. See how this works in the following example:
{{image class="centre" alt="Bronze Age jar burial - Lebanon" title="Bronze Age jar burial - Lebanon. © Guy Hopkinson" url="uploads/HelpBasics/burial_43.jpg" link="HomePage"}}
...which will show as:
Links can be external or internal links.
If you wish, you can offer higher resolution images (wider than 610 pixels – see point 2 above) for download only, using the {{files}} code as described above but adding as an attachment as described in the Adding other Attachments section.
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With the Landing of Atlantis, America is Grounded (long-form version)
What follows is the unedited, long-form version of my story that ran last week in The Colorado Springs Gazette.
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. — Late in the morning of July 8, an estimated three-quarters of a million onlookers scattered throughout Florida's space coast cast their eyes toward an empty, cloud-saturated sky. They were waiting anxiously for NASA to give the go ahead for the launch of space shuttle Atlantis, the final such event in the history of the shuttle program. The day before, torrential storms had drenched the area and hammered the launch pad with lightening. NASA had put the probability of launch at only 30 percent. But when a hole opened in the clouds, approval was given for the countdown clock to begin its numeric retreat. The crowd gathered on the grounds of the Kennedy Space Center bellowed enthusiastically.
The majestic vehicle straining heavenward on the horizon was made up of three primary components: a rust-colored external fuel tank, two solid rocket boosters and the spacecraft itself, roughly the same size as a Boeing 737. Together, those items constitute the Space Transportation System (STS) or "space shuttle." Deprived of its apparatus, the vehicle is simply known as "the orbiter."
At T minus 16 seconds, the sound suppression system began drenching Pad 39A with 300,000 gallons of water to protect Atlantis from the acoustic energy generated at liftoff. The shuttle's main engines, which every minute burn 64,000 gallons of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen—the second coldest liquid on Earth at -423F—combust at 6,000F, hotter than the boiling point of iron. Just one of the three engines generates enough thrust to keep two and a half jumbo jets in the air. The energy released by all three at full power is equivalent to 23 Hoover Dams. If the shuttle main engines pumped water instead of fuel, they would drain an average-size swimming pool in 25 seconds.
At T minus six seconds, those engines roared to life. The gathered water from the sound suppression system flashed instantly into a massive plume of steam. The solid rocket boosters (SRB) ignited at T minus zero seconds, the gases exiting at more than 6,000 mph—five times the speed of sound. The exhaust column itself exited the flame trench at near the speed of sound, causing visible shockwaves to ripple along the ejection plume.
The thrust from the main engines caused the entire launch stack to pitch downward approximately two meters (referred as "the nod"). Six seconds later the boosters flexed back to their original shape and, once vertical, pyrotechnic bolts clamping the shuttle to the pad detonated, releasing the vehicle.
Riding billowing white smoke, Atlantis cleared the tower and climbed in a progressively flattening arc, accelerating as the weight of the SRBs and main tank decreased. The shuttle's SRBs, which drain five tons of fuel per second from the 15-story external fuel tank—two million times the rate of the average family car—provide almost 85 percent of the thrust at liftoff. Only two feet shorter than the Statue of Liberty (but weighing three times as much), together the SRBs generate a combined thrust of 6.6 million pounds. That's equivalent to 44 million horsepower or 14,700 six-axle diesel locomotives. If converted, the heat energy produced by the two SRBs during just two minutes' time could power nearly 90,000 homes for a day. The heat they expel is two-thirds the temperature of the surface of the sun.
Although the space shuttle weighs more than 4.5 million pounds at launch, it breaks the sound barrier in less than a minute, accelerating from zero to nine times the speed of a rifle bullet to attain Earth orbit in just 8.5 minutes. If the space shuttle were flying from New York to London, it could make the trip in less than 12 minutes.
It took more than 10 seconds for the sound of the launch to reach the closest viewers, beginning softly at first, building into a growl and finally transforming into a ravenous, angry crackle. Eagled-eyed viewers noted sound waves rippling visibly across the water. Others remarked about the concussive vibrations that rattled their chests. The intensity of the exhaust was astonishing. The orange luminosity, up to 500 feet long, was nearly too bright to view—like looking at the sun and then finding yourself blinded to everything else around you.
The orbiter zeroed in on the International Space Station, 236 statute miles above the Earth's surface, visibly altering its trajectory for the impending orbital insertion. Within just a minute and a half, Atlantis had technically reached the boundary of space, traveling in excess of 17,500 mph.
Two minutes after blast-off and at an altitude of 24 miles, the solid rocket boosters separated. Had there not been a low, pervasive cloud ceiling, the gathered viewers would have been able to see the SRBs peel away and fall back to Earth where they splash down in the ocean and are recovered. Six minutes later, explosive bolts separated the external tank from the orbiter and Atlantis settled into orbit on its own power.
Whereas Apollo's Saturn V rocket was the mechanical embodiment of unmitigated power, the shuttle was something else altogether—graceful, beautiful, elegant. It was the dream of human flight somehow corralled into a sleek shape and bound together within a metallic shell.
The space shuttle began as an idea even before the Apollo program existed. Conceived of as a dependable, low-cost, reusable workhorse—a "space truck"—President Nixon authorized NASA to launch the program in 1972 after the cancellation of the Moon missions. Enterprise, named for the famous starship on the television series "Star Trek," was the first shuttle, a prototype that never flew in space, but rather was used to test the vehicle's flight readiness. Each successive shuttle—Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis and Endeavour—was named after influential sailing vessels of science and exploration throughout Earth's history.
The space shuttle has more than 2.5 million parts, making it the most complex machine ever built. Columbia, the first shuttle to launch, did so from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida on April 12, 1981. The shuttle possessed a 60-foot-long cargo bay and robotic arm capable of carrying several satellites into low Earth orbit on one flight, servicing them and even bringing them back for future use. The shuttle fleet routinely carried whole laboratories into orbit for unique experiments. In its latter years, the shuttle allowed for the construction of the International Space Station (ISS), the largest spacecraft ever built, which was assembled in zero-gravity. The space shuttle and ISS are, in the words of astrophysicist Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson, director of New York City's Hayden Planetarium and host of "Nova ScienceNow," "the largest international collaboration outside of the waging of war that civilizations have ever put forth."
There have been 135 shuttle missions since Columbia's first flight (by contrast, humankind stepped foot on the surface of the Moon only 12 times and explored an area not much larger than a soccer pitch nearly each time). The space shuttles have traveled more than 537 million miles (nearly the distance to the planet Jupiter), and made 20,952 orbits. The shortest shuttle mission was just over two days, the longest nearly 18. Since the program began, 355 individual fliers from 16 different countries—306 men and 49 women—have spent 1,346 days in space. The youngest was Tammy Jernigan, 32; the oldest was senator and former Mercury astronaut John Glenn, 77. In 1983, Sally Ride rode the shuttle to become the first American woman in space. The current Atlantis mission, STS-135, is carrying just four crewmembers—the smallest mission since STS-6 in 1983.
However, as extraordinary as the shuttle is, it had limitations its designers never foresaw and was never as reliable as they intended. The shuttle was supposed to make access to space easier for average scientists and engineers, not just NASA astronauts. At one time it was thought the shuttle might make weekly trips into space. Instead, NASA averaged only four or five flights a year. Worst of all, two shuttles and their crews were lost: Challenger at launch in 1986, which killed teacher Christa McAuliffe, and Columbia, during reentry through the Earth's atmosphere in 2003.
The shuttle, in some ways a technological step backward from a program that had been regularly landing human beings on another planetoid, is also hopelessly Earth-bound. For the last 30 years, America has not moved beyond low Earth orbit; the shuttle was simply not designed to travel that far out. Most people are surprised to discover that the distance from the planet's surface to the orbiter's regular operating altitude is roughly the distance between San Francisco and Los Angeles. (In contrast, most communications satellites orbit at nearly 100 times that distance.)
A few hundred miles. This has been the limit of human ambition for the past three decades.
"Every time we launch the shuttle," says Tyson, "we are boldly going where many have gone before."
The final space shuttle mission to ferry nearly 10,000 lbs of supplies to the International Space Station is critical as the next major re-supply mission may not come until as late as 2012. Two private companies, Orbital Sciences Corporation and entrepreneur Elon Musk's SpaceX, are currently constructing unmanned cargo vehicles to take over where the shuttle leaves off. However, with their first flights half a year or more away, Atlantis' swollen hold is a safeguard against almost certain delays.
Nearly eight years ago, President George Bush instructed NASA to finish the space station and retire the shuttle fleet. The order was in response to the tragic loss of Columbia. The aim was to eliminate the pricey shuttle program—the average cost of launching a shuttle is approximately $775 million; the life of the shuttle program, not adjusted for inflation, has been estimated at $113.7 billion—as well as create a new human-rated vehicle to be perched atop a rocket rather than attached to the side where it is susceptible to falling debris.
The Constellation Program borrowed on the fundamentals established during Apollo but was to be endowed with exponentially advanced technology. Comprised of safer, cheaper rockets, Constellation was going to ferry astronauts back to the Moon where habitable bases would be established, vanguards for later putting human bootprints on the scarlet soil of Mars. However, the Bush Administration never funded the program as promised, ensuring it was over-budget and behind schedule. The Obama Administration, desperate to find high-profile budget cuts in the midst of the worst recession since the Great Depression, deemed the project too expensive and killed it altogether, deciding to swallow the $9.1 billion already spent.
President Obama proposed a controversial new plan that would completely rewrite NASA's mission—the development of commercial spacecraft. The president apportioned $6 billion over five years to encourage private sector companies to build spacecraft that NASA could rent. While the Obama Administration still speaks of landing humans on asteroids and even Mars, the vision is vague and formless at best, more imprecise dream than tangible plan.
"If you watch NASA backwards," one Twitter user joked, "it's about a space agency that has no spaceflight capability, then does low-orbit flights, then lands on moon."
The heavy-lift rockets necessary to plow through Earth's atmosphere and into deep space are still twinkles in their engineers' eyes. Building and testing such vehicles is still years in the future. As such, the shut down of the shuttle strikes many as ill-timed. Why retire one vehicle before a replacement is ready to take its place? While there was always going to be a gap of several years between the end of the shuttle era and the beginning of Constellation, that gap is now indefinite.
When Atlantis touches down in Florida today, the United States will no longer possess the technology to launch a human being into space, nor will it have any vehicle on the drawing board capable of doing so.
While some at NASA agree that a Moon/Mars push is far too ambitious, others counter that the same could have been said for Kennedy's now historic call for landing astronauts on the Moon before this country had even built a rocket capable of putting a human being into orbit. Many lawmakers, former astronauts and industry executives opposed the White House's decision, claiming that American leadership in space would end if Constellation was scrapped.
While NASA's current administrator, former shuttle commander Charles Bolden, defends the president's plan as bold and inventive, many more vehemently disagree. In an open letter to President Obama, Apollo 11 commander Neil Armstrong, Apollo 13 commander James Lovell and Apollo 17 commander Eugene Cernan wrote: "For the United States, the leading space faring nation for nearly half a century, to be without carriage to low Earth orbit and with no human exploration capability to go beyond Earth orbit for an indeterminate time into the future, destines our nation to become one of second or even third rate stature."
Former NASA Administrator Mike Griffin, a leader known for speaking his mind even when it was not politically expedient, came out against the Obama plan in a CBS News interview. "I was…supportive of and willing to retire the shuttle in favor of a new and better system that would take us back to the moon and even beyond, but I'm not willing to retire the shuttle in favor of nothing," Griffin said. "To adjust a schedule is an entirely different thing from not having one at all."
Throughout the history of the U.S.-manned space program, each mission dovetailed into the next. With the cancellation of Constellation, NASA no longer has any large, long-term goals for which the agency can truly reach. The retirement of the space shuttle, a bittersweet event no matter the future, is, for many, now merely bitter.
"Apathy sets quickly when a journey in space does not extend the frontier," says Tyson. "If you go back to Gemini and Apollo, every next mission was more ambitious than the previous one—the first docking, the first space walk, the first time we left low Earth orbit, the first time we orbited the moon, the first time we landed on the moon. When you extend your vision one mission after the next, you've got something to be excited about. We shouldn't lament the end of the shuttle era. We should lament that there's not another era to take its place."
The American public often forgets that humans have been living in space continuously for more than a decade. The International Space Station, the world's only orbiting research facility, provides the sort of unique microgravity environment that cannot be replicated on the planet's surface. From the ISS, NASA and its 15 international partners have been conducting a wide variety of scientific experiments and studying how humans can live and work in space for extended periods of time, data intended to pave the way for future long-duration space missions. But the ISS is due to be de-orbited in 2020. Once that occurs, there will be no human presence in space whatsoever.
Flight Director Gene Kranz, best known as the man who got Apollo 13 safely home, was unequivocal in a recent exchange with CBS News, not just about the decision to scrap the shuttle program without any sort of legitimate follow-on, but about the inevitable aftershocks. "The challenge of space is not in building the space systems, it is in building the space team. With the termination of shuttle operations, the NASA and contractor work force that took a decade to build and mature is being destroyed. Now, with inept national and space leadership, we stand with both feet firmly planted on the ground. Our nation has surrendered the high ground."
Elliot Pulham, CEO of The Space Foundation, a space advocacy non-profit headquartered in Colorado Springs, CO, doesn't buy into the doom and gloom. "Rumors of the death of the U.S. space program may be just a tad exaggerated," he said. "There are hundreds of programs—government and commercial, foreign and domestic—that are moving forward, producing results and preparing us for the next level of exploration and advancement. Let's keep some perspective on what's ending here: a successful, long-term space program that taught us so, so much about science, about space flight and, unfortunately, about politics. In the end, the impact of the final space shuttle launch is emotional. We're losing—albeit temporarily—a key component of our leadership position. We're saying good-bye to something that, to many, epitomizes the American persona. It's sad. But, it's not fatal."
Unlike Pulham, Kranz and his colleagues argue that getting NASA's human space flight team operational again is akin to pushing a massive boulder up a steep hill from a dead stop. They are not, strictly speaking, against private industry taking on a greater burden in space, but rather feel that it is far too early to make such a transition. Orbital's Taurus II rocket has not yet had its first test flight and SpaceX's Falcon rockets have met with limited success thus far, some exploding on the launch pad or failing in mid-flight. Such setbacks are to be expected and are indicative of both the complex nature and steep learning curve of rocket science. Fans of history will recall the catastrophic mechanical mishaps of NASA's early days. But, argue the president's dissenters, these are the sorts of bugs that should be ironed out before deciding to turn over the reins of space to private industry. The government, they claim, exists to do those things that are either too dangerous, too expensive or too lacking in profit for the private sector to undertake.
Unless the private sector can move beyond the allure of space tourism—a risky and unfathomably costly expenditure (anyone can now buy a ticket on Richard Branson's Virgin Galactic for $200,000 for a six-minute weightless ride in low-Earth orbit)—and generate a realistic goal of semi-ballistic sub-orbital flights (allowing for a trip from Europe to North America in less than an hour), many experts say the commercial space program is dead on arrival.
For now, NASA will buy ISS-bound astronauts room on Russian Soyuz capsules at a cost of $60 million a seat, a concession with NASA's former Cold War competitor that rubs many at the agency the wrong way.
Most disturbing to some is that the policy, regardless of its efficacy or probability, is myopic to the countless advantages of a muscular space program. By focusing only on balancing a ledger, they say, leadership in Washington is blind to the sorts of space-derived benefits we take for granted each and every day.
It is often asked, why are we spending so much money on space when we have plenty of problems right here on Earth? The answer, advocates of the space program claim, is two fold: we are actually spending very little on space and nearly every cent benefits us right here on Earth.
NASA's fortunes have always waxed and waned according to the winds of change in Washington, economic upheaval and unpredictable public support. As such, many through the years have called for draconian cuts in its operating budget. But their arguments are all too often based on hyperbole and misinformation.
Think of the U.S. budget as your average computer hard drive. Should it become necessary to free up room, your first priority would be those items that gobble up the most space—videos and photographs, for instance. You don't first go in search of Word documents because they take up so little space that you'd have to delete a massive amount just to make a dent. In terms of the U.S. budget, NASA is a Word document.
In some ways, NASA is a victim of its own success. Because its return on investment is so high, public perception of NASA's budget has always been drastically inflated. A 1997 poll reported that most Americans assumed NASA's total percentage of the U.S. budget to be 20 percent. The truth is that NASA constitutes just .4 of the total U.S. budget. A half a penny on the dollar. Americans spent as much on pet food, and more on Chapstick every year as they spend on NASA. While a 2011 operating budget of $18.7 billion may sound like and indeed be a lot of money, it is a drop in the bucket compared to that of the Department of Defense ($928.5 billion), health care ($898 billion), pensions ($787.6 billion), welfare ($464.6 billion), education ($140.9 billion) or transportation ($104.2 billion).
With that .4 percent, NASA funds the space shuttle, the International Space Station, deep space probes, Martian rovers, space telescopes like Hubble, all its planetary research, protects us from asteroid impacts and much more. But NASA does far more than just basic science and exploration. It improves our standard of living, makes our lives easier, safer, more convenient, healthier and even more enjoyable.
The 2004 movie, "A Day Without a Mexican," took a satirical look at the immigration issue by imagining what California's economy would look like if its 14-million strong Hispanic work force suddenly disappeared. The same sort of scenario can be applied to the space program. Most people are completely unaware of the space-based products they use every day. "Space technology touches and enhances practically every aspect of life on Earth," says the Space Foundation website. From healthcare and communication to travel and entertainment, countless arenas "benefit directly from technology originally developed for or improved for space exploration. Technologies developed to get us 'out there' come home to improve life on Earth."
Consider the following list of products that had their origin in space: cell phones, GPS, microwaves, satellite television, modern weather forecasting, cordless tools, artificial heart pumps, automatic insulin pumps, water purification systems, Lasik, fire-retardant materials, advanced rescue tools, infrared cameras, highway safety and car braking systems, structural insulation, enhanced prosthetics and literally hundreds of other products.
Isn't that worth less than half a penny?
As famed astronomer Carl Sagan said in "The Demon Haunted World," "We've arranged a global civilization in which most crucial elements—transportation, communications and all other industries; agriculture, medicine, education, entertainment, protecting the environment; and even the key democratic institution of voting—profoundly depend on science and technology. We have also arranged things so that no one understands science and technology. This is a prescription for disaster. We might get away with it for a while, but sooner or later this combustible mixture of ignorance and power is going to blow up in our faces."
The implosion of the space program means the loss of nearly 10,000 jobs. But while the livelihoods of thousands should disturb every citizen, more disturbing is the disintegration of the highly skilled workforce that goes along with it. Thanks primarily to the sheer gravimetric pull of NASA's wide-ranging and comprehensive research, the United States has maintained a place of scientific, technological and research dominance unmatched since WWII. Apollo 11 was a technological leap forward unparalleled in the history of humankind. It transformed fantasy into reality and, in doing so, created an innovative undertow that sucked all of science and technology right along with it. NASA, by its very nature, created an atmosphere of cross-pollination in which numerous scientific disciplines from engineering, chemistry and biology to physics, astronomy and geology flourished alongside each other. This synergy led to better technologies, which in turn generated countless advances. The vacuum left by the aerospace brain drain will have ramifications this country may not perceive for decades.
"I am deeply concerned that today, a president can promise a program to the American people for which there is no expectation that it finishes under his watch, and which, after leaving office, orphans the political energy that initiated it," says Tyson. "Space exploration needs to be an initiative of the people and not of the political whims of the White House or Congress. Of course the White House and Congress are supposed to represent us, so there's a disconnect in there somewhere. It's likely that the only way the space program can be sustained in spite of prevailing politics or economics is if those in charge learn how effective the space program is in stimulating technological innovation across a generation—innovation that drives the flowering of industries—a potent economic driver. I am otherwise not convinced that the glory of exploration alone is a sufficient enough for the nation to embrace it as a reason to sustain and advance our presence in space."
While Americans tend to see themselves as leaders across the board, recent data proves otherwise. A 2009 study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development ranked the United States 25th among 34 countries in math and science. Just this month, the Science and Engineering Readiness Index revealed that most states are doing a poor job preparing their students for science, technology and engineering—the first stage of an intellectual black hole beginning to be reflected in companies and labs across the country. Historically, NASA has been a beacon of inspiration for schoolchildren. Without its siren call, children and the adults lose one of the most profound drivers of our country's scientific enterprise.
Pulham, who remains optimistic that space exploration and development will continue, both in the United States and around the world, also recognizes that this country could be doing more. "Much of what initially inspires and motivates young people to study science and to pursue careers in space is the idea that 'one day, I, too, may get to go there.' And, we know there's nothing that can get the heart thumping with pride more than watching a magnificent rocket hurtle into space."
"What's more attractive," asks astrophysicist Tyson, "if I stand in front of a group of students and ask, 'Who wants to be an aerospace engineer so that you can build an airplane that is 10 percent more fuel efficient than the ones your parents flew in?' or 'Who wants to be an aerospace engineer because we're going to Mars!?' These are two completely different vision statements. One works and one doesn't if you are trying to attract students in the education pipeline."
If the success of America's early space program paved the way for unprecedented wealth and prosperity, then its loss will only exacerbate the rapidity with which America is falling behind the rest of the industrialized world. The very things that drive the engines of our economic growth are being eroded, and with it the standard of living Americans have come to both enjoy and expect.
Clearly, an agency that garners less than 99 cents out of 100 is not a priority. But nor is it a liability. NASA fuels discoveries that make the world smarter, healthier, safer and more prosperous. Science and technology are the greatest catalysts of economic growth in this country—growth we desperately need.
Atlantis undocked from the ISS for the last time on Tuesday to prepare for its return trip home. The physics of space being vastly different than those of atmospheric-bound craft, today the orbiter will begin its decent both upside down and backwards. Later righting itself for the demands of planetary gravity, the spaceplane will plunge into the Earth's atmosphere.
While the temperature in orbit is around -250F, Atlantis will be subjected to temperatures as extreme as 3,000F during re-entry. The orbiter's 24,000 individual tiles are incredibly lightweight and dissipate the heat so rapidly, that while visiting NASA's facilities at the Kennedy Space Center, I was able to hold a white-hot tile with a temperature of 2,300F straight out of the oven in my bare hands without injury.
Traveling at more than 17,000 mph and on a trajectory seven times steeper than that of a commercial jetliner, Atlantis will slow to subsonic speeds as it angles for the Florida spaceport. As it drops below 50,000 feet, the leading wing edges and the vertical stabilizer cause two nearly indistinguishable sonic booms, so loud that they sound as if extremely large firecrackers are detonating in the back pockets of those gathered near the runway to welcome the ship home.
While it is shaped like an airplane, the shuttle's stubby wings mean it is incapable of traditional flight. More like a glider, the shuttle has often been called a "flying brick." If anything goes wrong on approach, there is no circling around for a second attempt. Following a fantastically steep glide slope, Atlantis' landing gear will be lowered just seconds before touchdown. While a typical aircraft lands at about 150 mph, the shuttle touches down at about 250 mph on NASA's three-mile-long shuttle runway, long enough to stop the shuttle by friction alone should its braking systems fail.
When its wheels roll to a stop just a day after the 42nd anniversary of Apollo 11's Moon landing, Atlantis will be decommissioned and begin its journey to join its sister orbiters—Endeavour and Discovery—as museum pieces. Discovery will be delivered to the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum's Udvar-Hazy Center just outside Washington D.C.; Enterprise, the prototype vehicle which currently resides there, will be transferred to New York City's Intrepid Sea, Air and Space Museum; and Endeavour will go to the California Science Center in Los Angeles (each of the orbiters was built in Palmdale, CA, just outside of Los Angeles). Atlantis will travel the shortest distance of all, finding itself just a few miles from its launch pad at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex.
Currently, there is no hunger, either among the public or its leaders, to do great things in space. While the technology to return to the Moon and push on to Mars is available, the passion to build and use it has evaporated. (At least in America and Russia—China, which became the third country to join the elite group of space-faring nations in 2003 when it launched its first "Taikonaut" into orbit, has announced that it will put a man on the moon by the end of this decade.)
Meanwhile, some of NASA's most ambitious robotic missions, including the James Webb Space Telescope—Hubble's effective replacement—is, among many other projects, in danger of cancellation. Unless one of these missions uncovers the Holy Grail of extraterrestrial life—even life at the microbial level—the public, which foots the bill but is woefully uninformed as to its particular details, is likely to continue to lose interest. Only time will tell if America has made the right decision. Perhaps at no time has the future of America's role in space been more in question and more hotly debated.
Dreams of breaching the final frontier have withered and atrophied. Humanity, it seems, is no longer interested in being an exploratory species. NASA, always a beacon of humankind's ravenous appetite for new discoveries and species self-improvement, is in danger of death by apathy and neglect.
"The dangers that are ever present on the frontier excite the public," says Tyson. "Why do people go to the circus to see the high wire act? Because it's dangerous and you can't do it. There are special ones among us who have that ability to reach for that dangerous frontier. And I'm happy they are among us, because otherwise, we'd all still be living in the cave."
Pulham recently concluded a Space Foundation newsletter about the end of the shuttle era with a more hopeful note. Quoting Sir Winston Churchill, he said, "Now this is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning."


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Today is my time to be there for you, to serve as your grief counselor.
This is what we do in a caring, sharing society at times when there has been great sorrow from a natural disaster, a terrible accident or, worse, the failure of the Lakers to hire Phil Jackson as coach.
We need to take it one step at a time, go slowly while seeking hope. Yes, like Elvis, Phil has left the building and he is not being asked back. But remember what Little Orphan Annie sang: "The sun'll come out tomorrow. Bet your bottom dollar...."
There hasn't been this much weeping and hand-wringing around here since one of the letters in the Hollywood sign blew down. In the category of local sports disasters, this one registered on the Richter scale.


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In January 1990, the City of Markham approved an economic development strategy that targeted the need to assist the business sector in creating world-wide trading and investment opportunities. It was acknowledged that to maintain the City's strong economic position, Markham must promote itself internationally and assist its businesses in capitalizing on global trading and investment opportunities. To address these opportunities, the City initiated a partnership comprising the Markham Board of Trade and the York Technology Association (Now called TechConnex). To ensure a community economic focus, the partnership coined the concept of "Economic Alliance". An economic alliance is defined as an association between municipalities and business groups of two geographic jurisdictions with the purpose of establishing networks to develop business relations and opportunities.
The stated objective of Markham's Economic Alliance Program is to "create a global network of business relationships with communities and business groups in strategic market locations and to create an international awareness of Markham's business assets and locational benefits". Since its inception in 1990, over a dozen economic alliance agreements have been negotiated.
The Economic Alliance program has provided Markham and its business community with a more diverse presence in the global marketplace, and a growing network of contacts. In particular, the benefits of the program include:
Based on the experience learned from the economic alliance program, the City of Markham chose to elevate select relationships to a higher level of "twinning" or "sister cities". Whereas the City's Economic Alliance program was founded on the basis of trade and investment attraction potential, it has been recognized that there are also advantages for the City in forging ties to municipalities based on cultural, social, and political interests and affinities. In 1998, Markham Council endorsed a formal "twinning policy" and adopted a set of criteria for forging these new relationships between municipalities.
Twinning/Sister Cities Criteria
Overall factors to take into consideration:
Specific categories of factors to take into consideration:
Cultural/Civic/Educational (the presence of the following):
At this time, the City of Markham maintains one twinning agreement: that being with the City of Nordlingen, Germany (birthplace of Markham's founder, William Berczy).


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Read the original story here in The Oregonian.
A friend told the 10-year-old boy he couldn't go to college because he was poor. His mother had left school in sixth grade to become a maid, and his father hadn't attended high school.
So the family called the only Latino they know who finished college -- Ernesto Aguilar.
"Can you talk to our son," they asked Aguilar. "Can you show him he can go to college?"
For many of the kids in Aguilar's Portsmouth neighborhood, he is the only person they know besides teachers who has graduated from college. But why talk to only one kid, he thought. Better to talk to them all.
So Friday, Aguilar brought 120 North Portland middle schoolers to Portland State University for an all-day conference funded by grants from the Viking Vets, the applied linguistics department and the federal Gear-Up program. Kids toured the campus, played in its game room, and met Aguilar and a dozen other first-generation college graduates from various ethnic backgrounds.
"You belong here," he said. "We believe in you."
Both of Aguilar's parents dropped out before high school, the 34-year-old told the kids. His father, an undocumented immigrant from Mexico, worked in a hatchery near Woodburn, cleaning egg stalls. When the couple broke up, Aguilar's mother left school at 16 to raise their son alone.
Aguilar wasn't sure he'd attend post-secondary school either, until the Air Force came calling. The military paid for him to earn a chemical engineering degree at Colorado School of Mines.
After school, he spent four years active duty then another half-decade traveling the world. He biked the perimeter of Australia, kayaked down 20-foot waterfalls and ran with the bulls in Spain. He's earning a master's degree now from PSU's applied linguistics department. He wants to become an English as Second Language teacher.
The other conference panelists shared similar stories. Their families were from Tonga or the Philippines or Germany or Barbados, but each shared the experience of looking for a path to school in a family that had not traversed it.
"My parents supported my education, but they couldn't help me fill out the applications," said Anthony Albright, a Jefferson High School graduate who is studying social work at PSU.
Albright wasn't a standout student. By seventh grade, he still couldn't read more than a few words, and even now, "school is a really hard thing for me," he said.
But he found success by starting at community college. He volunteers now at George Middle and César Chávez schools, and when he graduates from PSU's sociology program, he wants to become a high school teacher.
Deborah Peterson, the former Roosevelt High School principal, said guidance counselors told her she'd never succeed in college and urged her not to waste time applying. After high school, she floundered until her mother -- a high school graduate -- applied for her.
"Your job is to find one adult who believes in you," Peterson said.
Near the end of the panel, Aguilar introduced a special guest -- his father. As his son worked his way through school, so did Carlos Aguilar. After Woodburn, he moved to Eugene and enrolled in a high school equivalency program. That diploma gave him still limited opportunities in a town that was churning out doctorate students, so he went to Texas to find work.
"I felt like a rat, living in the shadows, always looking for a hole," he said.
Outside of the El Paso food stamp office, dejected after being denied benefits, Carlos Aguilar heard a woman say Saudi Arabia was a good place to make money. He moved there and earned a bachelor's and master's degree. He earned a second master's from the University of Texas.
He now teaches Instructional Design at Lone Star College in Tomball, Texas. Three years ago, he became a citizen.
He followed his son around after the panel, beaming and snapping pictures. His boy was an inspiration, he said. But inspiration is just a spark, he warned. The hard work comes next.
"If you are inspired today," Carlos Aguilar said, "that inspiration will die today unless there is a plan."
-- Casey Parks


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Requires Photography
Sketches and Scraps of Yorkshire
John Varley (English, 1778–1842)
Accession Number
Medium or Technique
One from album of 243 drawings in watercolor, wash, pencil, crayon and pen
Not On View
[One of] 243 drawings, in watercolor, wash, pencil, crayon and pen.
John Varley; to his relation Caroline Croft (daughter of Admiral Harry Croft of Stillington Hall, Yorkshire); to her son Colonel Leslie Buswell, Gloucester, MA.; 1956, gift of Colonel Leslie Buswell to the MFA. (Accession date: November 8, 1956)
Credit Line
Gift of Colonel Leslie Buswell


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They're free -- and they're dangerous.
They're free -- and they're dangerous.
Several popular applications for smartphones expose children to greater risk of falling victim to online sexual predators, according to two members of the Franklin County Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force.
Speaking before a group of Block Watch coordinators in the Northland area last week, detective Zane Kirby of the Columbus Division of Police and Special Agent Cameron Bryant of Homeland Security expressed disdain for these free programs that could end up harming a child.
Among the apps causing complaints in the law enforcement community are MeetMe, Skout, Kik and Snapchat.
MeetMe, according to Google Play, "shows you who's nearby and ready to chat."
Skout is "the global network for meeting people," according to iTunes. "Instantly meet people near you or around the world. Discover new friends at a local bar or in Barcelona."
The problem with both of these applications is that geo-locating features permit predators to pinpoint where their potential victims are, the task force members said.
Kik is a texting application that's crafted to defeat forensic techniques. Because it's based in Canada, it puts records beyond the reach of subpoenas issued in this country.
"We can't find out who sent it or anything," Bryant said.
Snapchat is an application for sharing photos and videos, but only for a brief time. Senders can choose how long a photo or video can be viewed by the recipient before it disappears.
However, Bryant said, other software can capture these supposedly fleeting images.
Sexual predators often use compromising photos to blackmail their victims, the task force members said.


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Power to Perform
Mizuno constantly pushes forwards, striving for perfection – just like the athletes who wear our products. They know their equipment can take them there, and beyond. Every single movement –whether great or small, fast or slow, a struggle or elation – Mizuno is there with you, an extension of your body, giving you not only the edge but also the extra inch it takes inside to push forwards. Your best comes next.


text: Seller: bodyshopsale (4,482) 100%, Location: Roca, Nebraska, Ships to: US, Item: 392144341962 antique tin ceiling tile With some nail holes . Paint is chippy , will multiply auction price if you would be interested in a few more ( free shipping on additional tins ) ... Check my other actions, many other tins listed. I will combine shipping. If bidding on other items please wait for a combined invoice Bodyshopsales other items( I don't use stock photos ,, the tin pictured is the tin you will receive ) ,, If buying other tins ( I only charge shipping on the LARGEST TIN , Free shipping on all additional tins ...Wait for a invoice from me after your last auction.. Will combine auctions up to 7 days .. My Zip code is 68430. Nebraska 402-420-7477 will ship immediately with paypal . Thanks for looking...Troy Old Antique ( Metal ) may have lead paint Material: Metal, Features: Reclaimed


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Dec. 18-21
Today Mostly sunny, with a high near 55. South wind 9 to 16 mph becoming west in the afternoon.Tonight Mostly cloudy, with a low around 33. West wind 5 to 7 mph becoming light and variable.Wednesday A 40 percent chance of showers after noon. Mostly cloudy, with a high near 51. East wind 7 to 14 mph.Wednesday Night Occasional rain. Low around 29. Blustery, with a south wind 7 to 12 mph becoming northwest 15 to 20 mph after midnight. Winds could gust as high as 29 mph. Chance of precipitation is 90%.Thursday A 50 percent chance of snow before noon. Mostly cloudy, with a temperature falling to around 28 by 9am. Windy, with a west wind 21 to 30 mph, with gusts as high as 44 mph.Thursday Night Mostly clear, with a low around 21. Breezy.Friday Sunny, with a high near 40.Friday Night Mostly clear, with a low around 25.


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The 100 Moments of TSU Athletics presented by Taco Bell® series continues by remembering one of the best modern-era basketball players in Tennessee State history.
After playing a season at Arkansas Little-Rock, Carlos Rogers came to TSU in 1992 and played two seasons with the Tigers. During his brief stint, Rogers still finished in the top twenty of all-time scorers and 11th on the top rebounders list.
While Rogers was proficient putting up points and grabbing boards, his strongest asset was his ability to block shots. Rogers became the most prolific blocker in school history in 1994 when he recorded his 186th rejection.
Rogers also had the most blocks in a single season during the 1992-93 campaign when he tallied 93. During that season, he had a school-record eight blocks in a win against Missouri-Kansas City. He then repeated his record-setting performance the following year with 93 more.
In his two seasons at TSU, Rogers was named OVC Player of the Year twice and helped the Tigers claim two conference championships.
At six-foot-eleven and with his numbers, there were a lot of NBA teams thinking about drafting Rogers in 1994. The Seattle Supersonics took the plunge with the 11th pick in the first round.
Rogers never played a game for the Supersonics, but he did play eight seasons for five other teams including the Golden State Warriors Toronto Raptors, Portland Trail Blazers, Houston Rockets and Indiana Pacers.
In his NBA career, Rogers played in 298 games and scored a total of 2,196 points. His NBA career average is 7.4 points per game and 4.3 rebounds per game.
Rogers was inducted into the Tennessee State Sports Hall of Fame in Nov. of 2010.
The 100 Moments of TSU Athletics presented by Taco Bell® highlights some of the greatest moments in honor of Tennessee State's centennial celebration. A new moment will be released each weekday for a total of 100. These moments were chosen by the TSU 100 Moments committee, which consists of alums from various departments. TSU has so many great moments, not all can be represented in these 100.
Sports Information Assistant Alex Mitchell contributed to this article.
Follow TSU Athletics on Facebook.com/TSUTigers and Twitter @TSU_Tigers.


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Raccoon Fur Pom Pom Hat | Amelia Jane London
Amelia Jane London
Did you know that Shopcade is available in 3 countries? You can pick between UK, US and FR to check out unique content and sales.
Plus when you start shopping everything is tailored to your location, so all details automatically update! We'll race you to the checkout…


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The Ox and the Rainbow
Dave Fischoff
At first listen to his sophomore full-length THE OX AND THE RAINBOW, it may seem that Dave Fischoff has more in common with New Zealand's finest hard-to-peg songwriters such as the brothers Peter and Graeme Jefferies (and their This Kind Of Punishment and Cakekitchen projects), Alastair Galbraith and godfather of bruised soul Pip Proud, than any of his American brethren. Perhaps it's the insular loner vibe that radiates from the songs -- the overlapped vocals, the self-sequenced drum beats and background tape accompaniment. Or maybe it's just the way his voice hits the air like hot caramel in a vat of milk. Yes, his vocal delivery is quite kiwi. But on THE OX AND THE RAINBOW, the signature New Zealander tape hiss which was ever-present on Fischoff's debut WINSTON PARK is missing along with the Xpressway air of deep alienation. No, these eight new songs are sober realist portraits which rarely delve into the first person, but rather stake a significantly distant perspective from which Fischoff observes his subjects. The result is Kafka-esque in tone, but with a clinical dose of sentimentality. The songs on THE OX AND THE RAINBOW range from the spare and frail beauty of "We Break Up and Watch the Angels Swim", "The Doctor Yawns for Columbus Day" and the gorgeous atmospheric ballad "Geranium", songs which most closely resemble Fischoff's early material; to the pomp and circumstance of "Propaganda for a Comic Strip" which is an all-out Electric Company-styled Spector-sized pop tune; and the blind-siding "Blemish and a Bowl of Oranges" which perfectly subverts his Chan Marshall-like guitar playing under a bed of sequenced pulses and bells, making a claim for most outstanding song on the album. Indeed, for anyone who has witnessed one of Fischoff's arresting live performances, this record will stand as proof that it's on albums where musical artists are really given the space to open up and create lasting pieces of art. As with contemporary album-crafters such as Neutral Milk Hotel, Jeremy Enigk and East River Pipe, Fischoff relishes the opportunity, and with THE OX AND THE RAINBOW he has offered up a truly unique record that looms somewhere just south of Where The Fuck Did That Come From.read more
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This adorable hot pink and white polka dot dress is perfect for your little one's first birthday party. Just think how cute she will look in all those 1st birthday photos. It will be customized with your daughter's name. It is an a line style sundress. The dress has white snaps at the shoulder for easy dressing. The top of the dress is lined. The dress is appliqued with baby Minnie sitting on a number one with a cupcake beside her. I would love to make this personalized dress for you and your little one. I can make this also in red and white polka dot if you prefer. Please put your little one's name in the notes section of your order.
3-5 business days
I'll do my best to meet these shipping estimates, but can't guarantee them. Actual delivery time will depend on the shipping method you choose.
Buyers are responsible for any customs and import taxes that may apply. I'm not responsible for delays due to customs.
Just contact me within: 3 days of delivery
Ship items back to me within: 7 days of delivery
But please contact me if you have any problems with your order.
Because of the nature of these items, unless they arrive damaged or defective, I can't accept returns for:
Buyers are responsible for return shipping costs. If the item is not returned in its original condition, the buyer is responsible for any loss in value.
I wrap every order in tissue paper and tie it with a ribbon. If you would like a card sent to your gift recipient please put in the notes on your order what you would like the card to say.
I can custom make orders for you at no additional cost. Please send me a conversation to ask about your customizations. I will personalize most of my outfits for free. Make sure you put all custom requests and personalization in the notes section of your order. If you misspell anything or make a mistake in your custom requests you will be responsible for costs of correcting an item and for all shipments back and forth.
If you would like a memory quilt made for you please send me a conversation to discuss your needs and sizes. You can then ship your clothing items to me after a price has been agreed upon. You will be asked to pay a non refundable 40% deposit or you may choose to pay in full. The balance will be due plus shipping when your quilt is complete.
I can make you a double wedding ring quilt in any color you would like. Just send me a conversation to discuss your needs. Any of my quilts can be customized for you. Quilts are non refundable due to the nature of the hours of work that are involved.


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