text:
No. 94,752
1. To establish ineffective assistance of counsel a defendant must show counsel's performance was deficient. This requires a defendant to prove counsel made errors so serious that counsel's performance violated the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution. If the defendant can establish counsel's performance was deficient, the defendant must then demonstrate how this deficient performance prejudiced the defendant. This two-prong test requires the defendant to show counsel's errors were so serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial.
2. The performance and prejudice prongs of the ineffective assistance of counsel test are each mixed questions of law and fact, and an appeal on that issue requires de novo review.
3. Whether a defendant's constitutional and statutory rights to a jury trial have been violated is a question of law subject to unlimited review.
4. A criminal defendant has the ultimate authority to decide whether to waive a jury trial. Waiver of jury trial is not among the decisions of strategy or tactics entrusted to defense counsel after consultation with the defendant.
5. A defense counsel's purported waiver of jury trial without specific authorization from the defendant is deficient performance.
6. The determination of whether an error is structural or harmless involves a question of law subject to unlimited review.
7. Structural error is shown where counsel's deficient performance results in the deprivation of a defendant's constitutional and statutory rights to a jury trial. In such a case prejudice is presumed.
Appeal from Sedgwick District Court; WILLIAM SIOUX WOOLLEY, judge. Opinion filed April 6, 2007. Reversed and remanded.
Christopher L. Hughes, of Roger L. Falk & Associates, P.A., of Wichita, for appellant.
Sharon L. Dickgrafe, assistant city attorney, and Gary E. Rebenstorf, city attorney, for appellee.
Before McANANY, P.J., ELLIOTT and BUSER, JJ.
BUSER, J.: Jeff W. Bannon appeals his conviction for misdemeanor criminal trespass in violation of the Wichita City Code. We reverse and remand for a new trial.
Factual and Procedural Background
After pleading no contest and being found guilty in Wichita Municipal Court of criminal trespass and resisting a police officer, Bannon appealed to the Sedgwick County District Court. Bannon's retained counsel, Ronald J. Sickmann, filed a request for jury trial in the district court. On the date set for jury trial, however, Sickmann caused the case to be continued for a bench trial. Following local court rules, this was accomplished without Bannon's presence by defense counsel either speaking to the judge's clerk or announcing the change at the jury trial docket call.
Bannon appeared at the bench trial, where he was convicted of criminal trespass, but acquitted of resisting arrest. The evidence at trial showed Bannon attempted to enter an area of Mid-America Auto Auction (Mid-America) restricted to licensed automobile dealers. A uniformed Wichita police officer, Keith Rosenberg, told Bannon not to enter the area. Bannon made several attempts and eventually entered the restricted area, where he was arrested by the officer.
On appeal to our court, Bannon asserted for the first time that he had not waived his right to a jury trial. Bannon framed the issue as ineffective assistance of counsel, however, and our court remanded the case for an evidentiary hearing pursuant to State v. Van Cleave, 239 Kan. 117, 119-20, 716 P.2d 580 (1986).
On remand, Sickmann testified to his understanding that Bannon was "leaving [the jury trial] decision to me." Sickmann said Bannon never gave "any specific indication" whether he wished to waive the jury setting. In his own testimony Bannon denied leaving the issue to his counsel, stating he was "very upset" when he learned of the bench trial setting.
Sickmann did not recall Bannon being upset, but he nevertheless claimed to have asked Bannon if he wished to place the case back on the jury trial docket. According to Sickmann, Bannon "never said that that's what he wanted to do," and that Bannon "seemed satisfied with the fact that we were going to a trial in front of a judge." Bannon testified to the contrary that he told his counsel numerous times he was uncomfortable with a bench trial and would prefer a jury trial. The hearing also established that the judge conducting the bench trial never inquired regarding Bannon's waiver of his jury trial rights, and that Bannon personally took no action to advise the court of his desire for a jury trial. No written waiver of jury trial was ever filed.
At the conclusion of the evidentiary hearing, the district court found "Sickmann did not have specific authority from Mr. Bannon to waive the jury trial," and that "Bannon did not waive his jury trial." The district court held, nevertheless, that defense counsel was not ineffective because he "was following the guidelines and the procedures that are established . . . in the district court." The district court concluded "Sickmann was not ineffective, it's merely that Mr. Bannon did not waive his right to jury trial." Bannon appeals.
Ineffective Assistance of Counsel Based Upon
Counsel's Purported Waiver of Jury Trial
To show ineffective assistance of counsel, Bannon "must establish that counsel's performance was deficient. This requires a defendant to show that counsel made errors so serious, that counsel's performance was less than that guaranteed to a defendant by the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution." State v. Mathis, 281 Kan. 99, 109, 130 P.3d 14 (2006). Bannon must also "establish that the deficient performance prejudiced the defense." 281 Kan. at 109. These performance and prejudice prongs "are each mixed questions of law and fact, and appeal requires de novo review. [Citation omitted.]" 281 Kan. at 110.
We begin our analysis by acknowledging that Bannon had a constitutional right to a jury trial under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution because the offense of resisting a police officer pursuant to Wichita City Code § 5.72.010 was punishable by not more than 1 year's imprisonment. See State v. Irving, 216 Kan. 588, 589, 533 P.2d 1225 (1975) (citing Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S. 145, 20 L. Ed. 2d 491, 88 S. Ct. 1444 [1968]), for the constitutional requirement "that defendants accused of serious crimes be afforded the right to trial by jury . . . where imprisonment for more than six months is authorized."). The jury trial right is also protected by § 5 of the Kansas Bill of Rights which provides "[t]he right of trial by jury shall be inviolate." Finally, Bannon also had a statutory right to a jury trial as provided by K.S.A. 22-3609(4) because his counsel filed a timely jury trial request after his appeal of the municipal court convictions to the district court.
The Performance Prong
Given that Bannon had both constitutional and statutory rights to a jury trial, the initial question presented is whether Bannon's counsel provided deficient performance in effecting a purported waiver of these rights without Bannon's authorization.
At the remand hearing, Sickmann admitted to assuming the burden of the waiver decision, but this is a decision "[c]riminal defendants are charged with making." State v. Rivera, 277 Kan. 109, 116-17, 83 P.3d 169 (2004); see Jones v. Barnes, 463 U.S. 745, 751, 77 L. Ed. 2d 987, 103 S. Ct. 3308 (1983) ("[T]he accused has the ultimate authority to make certain fundamental decisions . . . [such] as to . . . waive a jury. [Citation omitted.]"). Waiver of jury trial is "of such moment that [it] cannot be made for the defendant by a surrogate." Florida v. Nixon, 543 U.S. 175, 187, 160 L. Ed. 2d 565, 125 S. Ct. 551 (2004). Stated another way, waiver of jury trial is not among the decisions of strategy or tactics entrusted to defense counsel after consultation with the defendant. See Rivera, 277 Kan. at 117; State v. Nixon, 223 Kan. 788, 796, 576 P.2d 691 (1978).
The district court also found Bannon had not authorized the waiver Sickmann purportedly effected. While the testimony conflicted on this point, the district court's finding was supported by substantial evidence. See Graham v. State, 263 Kan. 742, 756, 952 P.2d 1266 (1998) (applying substantial evidence standard to findings on an ineffective assistance of counsel determination); State v. Bland, 33 Kan. App. 2d 412, 415, 103 P.3d 492 (2004), rev. denied 279 Kan. 1008 (2005) (applying substantial evidence standard to findings on waiver of jury trial right).
Waiver of jury trial is a decision to be made by the defendant because it is the defendant's right. See Flynn v. State, 281 Kan. 1154, Syl. ¶ 4, 136 P.3d 909 (2006). "There is no more fundamental right in the United States than the right to a jury trial." State v. Larraco, 32 Kan. App. 2d 996, 999, 93 P.3d 725 (2004). It is axiomatic that a defense counsel's purported waiver of jury trial without specific authorization from the defendant is less performance than is guaranteed by the United States Constitution. See Nixon, 543 U.S. at 187 ("[A]n attorney must both consult with the defendant and obtain consent to the recommended course of action" before exercising or waiving basic trial rights.).
Considering the district court's explicit findings on remand that Bannon did not waive his rights to a jury trial and his counsel did not have specific authority from Bannon to waive these rights, we hold that Bannon's counsel engaged in deficient performance when he effected a purported waiver of jury trial.
In this regard, we disagree with the district court's conclusion of law that defense counsel's performance was not ineffective because he followed local rules regarding the procedure to be followed in waiving a defendant's right to jury trial and scheduling the matter for a bench trial. Similarly, we find unpersuasive the State's claim that waiver is effected differently in municipal court appeals than in district court cases which require a formal "bright line" waiver. See Larraco, 32 Kan. App. 2d at 1002 (citing State v. Jones, 19 Kan. App. 2d 982, 984, 879 P.2d 1141 [1994]) (Defendant's right to jury trial can only be waived when defendant is advised by court of his or her right to trial by jury and defendant personally waives right in writing or in open court.).
Whether or not Sickmann's actions effecting Bannon's purported waiver comported with local court rules or "bright line" waiver requirements is not dispositive. The more fundamental issue was defense counsel's failure to obtain authorization from Bannon to waive the jury trial. Whatever procedure was used to effect the purported waiver, a knowing and voluntary decision by Bannon was sine qua non.
The Prejudice Prong
Turning to the prejudice prong of the ineffective assistance of counsel test, "'the defendant must show a reasonable probability that but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.'" Mathis, 281 Kan. at 110 (quoting State v. Betts, 272 Kan. 369, 388, 33 P.3d 575 [2001]). This test is typically focused on counsel's performance during trial. In the present case, however, counsel's deficient performance affected the type of trial, not the proceedings during trial. Given this particular claim of ineffectiveness, the typical prejudice analysis seems unsuitable because it would require us to speculate about whether the trial result would have been different had a jury rendered a verdict rather than the district court judge.
We must, therefore, consider whether counsel's deficient performance caused a structural defect in the trial itself requiring automatic reversal. See Arizona v. Fulminante, 499 U.S. 279, 307-10, 113 L. Ed. 2d 302, 111 S. Ct. 1246 (1991). "The determination of whether an error is structural or harmless involves a question of law over which an appellate court exercises unlimited review. [Citation omitted.]" State v. Carver, 32 Kan. App. 2d 1070, 1083, 95 P.3d 104 (2004).
Trial error occurs "during the presentation of the case to the jury, and . . . may therefore be quantitatively assessed in the context of other evidence presented in order to determine whether its admission was harmless." Fulminante, 499 U.S. at 307-08. Structural errors "defy analysis by 'harmless-error' standards" because they affect "the framework within which the trial proceeds, rather than simply . . . the trial process itself." 499 U.S. at 309-10.
In Sullivan v. Louisiana, 508 U.S. 275, 124 L. Ed. 2d 182, 113 S. Ct. 2078 (1993), for example, the United States Supreme Court considered a conviction obtained with a defective reasonable doubt jury instruction. Relying upon Fulminante, the Supreme Court observed that deprivation of the right to a "jury verdict of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt" has "consequences that are necessarily unquantifiable and indeterminate." 508 U.S. at 281-82. Such a deprivation therefore "unquestionably qualifies as 'structural error.'" 508 U.S. at 282.
We are persuaded that defense counsel's deficient performance resulted in structural error for which prejudice is presumed. It is well settled (separate from the ineffective assistance of counsel context) that deprivation of the right to a jury trial is automatically reversible error. See State v. Roland, 15 Kan. App. 2d 296, Syl. ¶ 5, 807 P.2d 705 (1991) ("[T]he right of a criminal defendant to a jury trial is so fundamental that a violation of the right cannot be harmless error."). Moreover, a trial by jury is part of the framework in which a trial proceeds. The consequences of being deprived of a jury trial are necessarily unquantifiable and indeterminate, and, therefore, unsuitable for the typical harmless error analysis employed in cases involving a counsel's ineffective performance during trial proceedings.
It is true that structural errors "subject to automatic reversal exist in a very limited class of cases." State v. Swanigan, 279 Kan. 18, 45, 106 P.3d 39 (2005) (citing Neder v. United States, 527 U.S. 1, 8, 144 L. Ed. 2d 35, 119 S. Ct. 1827 [1999]). Decisions of other jurisdictions, however, support our conclusion that structural error is shown where a criminal defendant is deprived of the right to a jury trial by the deficient performance of counsel.
In McGurk v. Stenberg, 163 F.3d 470 (8th Cir. 1998), a defendant was not advised of his right to a jury trial and did not waive that right. Citing both Fulminante and Sullivan, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals held "counsel's failure to inform [defendant] of his right to a jury trial[] justifies a presumption of prejudice." 163 F.3d at 474.
In State v. Stallings, 658 N.W.2d 106 (Iowa 2003), defense counsel failed to obtain his client's waiver of a jury trial in writing and did not comply with court rules concerning jury trial waivers. Citing McGurk, the Iowa Supreme Court held defense counsel's failure to obtain a written waiver was a "'structural' defect in which prejudice is presumed." 658 N.W.2d at 112.
In Abrams v. State, 777 So. 2d 1205, 1205-06 (Fla. Dist. App. 2001), a defendant was allegedly advised "the only way he could testify on his own behalf was if he opted for a bench trial." A lower Florida court reviewing the defendant's post-conviction motion denied relief for lack of prejudice, but the Florida Court of Appeals reversed. Citing McGurk, the appellate court held "the fundamental right to a jury trial allegedly was violated. Certain structural defects in the trial itself . . . require automatic reversal: one of those is the denial of a jury trial." 777 So. 2d at 1206.
We also take guidance from cases considering the related issue of the deprivation of a public trial. The right to a public trial is another of the due process rights "[u]nderpinning" the "foundation of our liberty." Carver, 32 Kan. App. 2d at 1071. As a result, denial of a public trial is structural error. Neder, 527 U.S. at 8 (citing Waller v. Georgia, 467 U.S. 39, 81 L. Ed. 2d 31, 104 S. Ct. 2210 [1984]). In this regard, our Supreme Court found structural error when a trial court improperly closed the courtroom to the public for announcement of a jury verdict. State v. Dixon, 279 Kan. 563, 599, 112 P.3d 883 (2005).
"[T]here is no question that the error would not have changed the verdicts because the verdicts had already been reached. The lack of effect on the verdicts, however, should not necessitate the conclusion that the error was harmless where the trial court's closing the courtroom was inconsistent with substantial justice." 279 Kan. at 601.
Finally, we note the State also argues that any error in counsel's purported waiver of Bannon's jury trial rights was invited error because Bannon remained silent when he learned that his counsel had waived a jury trial. In support, the State cites State v. Clemons, 273 Kan. 328, 45 P.3d 384 (2002). In Clemons, however, not only did our Supreme Court not find invited error, it specifically found that the defendant had personally waived his right to jury trial on the record before the district court judge. 273 Kan. at 341. As a result, we find no merit to this argument.
In the present case we hold it was inconsistent with substantial justice for the trial court to convict the defendant when, due to the deficient performance of his defense counsel, the defendant had not waived his constitutional and statutory rights to a jury trial. Given this structural error, prejudice is presumed and the matter is reversed and remanded for a new trial.
Sufficiency of Evidence
Bannon next contends there was insufficient evidence at trial to support his conviction for trespass.
"'When the sufficiency of the evidence is challenged in a criminal case, the standard of review is whether, after review of all the evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the prosecution, the appellate court is convinced that a rational factfinder could have found the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.' [Citation omitted.]" State v. Kesselring, 279 Kan. 671, 679, 112 P.3d 175 (2005).
Wichita City Code § 5.66.050 defines criminal trespass as follows:
"Criminal trespass is entering or remaining upon or in any land, structure, vehicle, aircraft or watercraft by a person who knows he/she is not authorized or privileged to do so, and:
"person enters or remains therein in defiance of an order not to enter or to leave such premises on property personally communicated to such person by the owner thereof or other authorized person."
Evidence at trial indicated that the owners of Mid-America hired Officer Rosenberg to serve as a security guard and authorized him to eject persons wrongfully on the premises. On the morning of February 11, 2004, Officer Rosenberg was in uniform with actual and apparent authority to enforce Mid-America's policies regarding trespassing. Officer Rosenberg testified that he informed Bannon he was not allowed to be present in the auction area without a dealer's pass, and that if he attempted to enter, he would be arrested. Bannon entered the auction area in defiance of Rosenberg's repeated admonitions personally communicated to him that he was not permitted to enter the area.
Viewed in the light most favorable to the prosecution, we hold that a rational factfinder could find the City proved beyond a reasonable doubt that Bannon committed the offense of criminal trespass as provided in Wichita City Code § 5.66.050.
Reversed and remanded for a new trial.


text:
Make a mystery note out of cut up letters & stickers and send to a friend anonymously. Include clues or a riddle to help your friend solve the mystery of who sent the mail.
For kids ages 4-12
Supplies and postage will be provided, just bring mailing addresses and 10 bucks (5 for siblings).
Saturday February 25, 2012
Y at Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn
1224 Prospect Avenue at Vanderbilt Street
F/G to Fort Hamilton Parkway*
*Our outbound station is closed til Spring. Take F/G train one more stop to Church Avenue.
Switch to an inbound train to Fort Hamilton Parkway. Exit at the front of the station.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Story Toys' award-winning series of interactive pop-up fairy tale books for children comes to Android with a brand new story, the timeless classic Grimm's Snow White.Join Snow White in her adventures with the seven dwarves as she tries to escape the wicked queen with her poisoned potions! Will the handsome prince be able to save her?! Kids will love this classic fairy tale book, full of action, adventure, surprises and suspense!
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text:
The Cobras play next Wednesday when they host
Guilherme Fonseca/ Nicolas Legros (LU) def. Dustin Yager/ Danny Nash (CC) 8-1
George Wilkinson/ Nick Tzekos (LU) def.
Carlos Benatzsky/ Caedyn Stinson (LU) def. Tim Morton/ Tyson Thompson (CC) 8-1
Nicolas Legros (LU) def.
T.C. Valle (LU) def. Estaban Terran (CC) 6-1, 6-2
Nick Tzekos (LU) def. James Schroder (CC) 6-0, 6-1
Henrik Erlandsson (LU) def. Danny Nash (CC) 6-1, 6-2
Henrik Willers (LU) def. Dustin Yager (CC) 6-1, 6-0
CaeDYN Stinson (LU) def. Hunter Batts (CC) 6-0, 6-0


text:
per Tom
- less than 5 seconds ago via web
per Tom
February 2nd, 2011 at 2:07 PM ^
Twitter is saying Arkansas, now people are saying Michigan? I feel like I'm taking crazy pills!!!
February 2nd, 2011 at 2:07 PM ^
so many false stuff being put up regarding him and faxing LOI to Ark.
February 2nd, 2011 at 2:07 PM ^
whoa whoa whoa you mean someone tweeted stuff thats not true no way!
February 2nd, 2011 at 2:07 PM ^
the initial news really depressed me.
Welcome Mr. Barnett...you will never doubt your decision.
February 2nd, 2011 at 2:08 PM ^
Suck it Bleacher Report, you're information is as good as your reporting.
Welcome Chris!
February 2nd, 2011 at 2:08 PM ^
4* star TE Chris Barnett flips from Arkansas to Michigan. I saw the writing on this commit several weeks ago.
February 2nd, 2011 at 2:08 PM ^
Now we just need Willingham and it'll make for a decent NSD.....and one surprise (raises hands in supplication to the good Lord!!!!)
February 2nd, 2011 at 2:10 PM ^
This is why I hate when people (accluding me) listen to the media. Reports said he signed with Arkansas but they were wrong. So, people saying Willingham to Colorado, just stop. We won't know until he actually faxes his LOI.
February 2nd, 2011 at 2:11 PM ^
Yah, as soon as Ray Drew and Avery Walls make the last second switch to UM we'll be all set. I'd also settle for a Kouindajo(sp?) and Clowney combination
February 2nd, 2011 at 2:13 PM ^
what a twist. I was literally reading "he's gone" when the "page not available" came up and everything changed!
February 2nd, 2011 at 2:17 PM ^
The Barnett to Arkansas had twinges of the Colorado '94 debacle. Speaking of that, it would be really nice in near future Signing Day's to steal a 5* from Colorado and piss on their parade. Buck the Fuffaloes...
February 2nd, 2011 at 2:24 PM ^
That "HogTrough" guy, on Twitter, was using "Bleacher Report" as his source, that Barnett signed with Arkansas. That's too rich! Not much more needs to be said....
February 2nd, 2011 at 2:55 PM ^
From "hogville.net" message board:
Enjoy the below zero temps and losing...both pretty common in the land of Michigan.
Let the prima donna freeze up there. Let's go get Pickett.
A 3* TE who cares?
Can't say I wish him any luck up there.
Barnett sucks.
I don't care. Kid is 6'6" 250. 7 TD's is pathetic.
This all after they were salivating over him all morning.
February 2nd, 2011 at 4:22 PM ^
This coming from a fan of a team in a state that made a national park out of useless marshland?
February 2nd, 2011 at 4:11 PM ^
Not sure its all caps multiple exclamation points good, but pretty darn good.


text:
Magical and christmas background music includes sound of Christmas music box. Best for commercial presentations with Christmas style theme, corporate videos, commercials, cinema, movie trailer or as web page music.
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text:
qps is a monitor that displays the status of the processes currently
in existence, much like top(1) or ps(1).
The user interface uses the Qt toolkit, and most operations should be
fairly intuitive.
This requires: qt5
Maintained by: Matteo Bernardini
Keywords: top,ps,processes,process_viewer,qt
ChangeLog: qps
Download SlackBuild:
qps.tar.gz.asc (FAQ)
(the SlackBuild does not include the source)
|Individual Files:
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© 2006-2018 SlackBuilds.org Project. All rights reserved.
Slackware® is a registered trademark of Patrick Volkerding
Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds
Web Design by WebSight Designs | Managed Hosting by OnyxLight Communications


text:
Linked by Thom Holwerda on Tue 26th Jun 2007 21:09 UTC, submitted by WillM
The Linux community is splitting - right down the middle, at this point - over Microsoft's controversial claims that the open-source operating system infringes on patents it holds. Last Tuesday, Mandriva became the third Linux vendor within five days to say it isn't interested in signing a licensing deal with Microsoft to avoid possible infringement claims. A blog posting to that effect by Mandriva CEO Francois Bancilhon followed similar declarations by officials at Red Hat and Canonical.
Permalink for comment 250846
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RE[2]: There you go, spreading FUD again...
by Supreme Dragon on Wed 27th Jun 2007 00:33 UTC in reply to "RE: There you go, spreading FUD again..."


text:
Kangas Mommy wrote:Yeah you guys chickend out i was so excitied to meet everyone BLAH! Dave my name on this forum is Kangas Mommy! Get it right! We had a good time. I am so jealous i wish i could take Kanga places like that I had fun with Ralph and got to show Ghia around most the time. I spent too much money. We saw a few gorgous pits and even got to see NJ animal police and they showed us all the sick pictures of the poor pitties
Now my dogs are all content with pig ears and bully sticks....I think they think they are in heaven! hehehe What a day! I need a nap!
Users browsing this forum: Google [Bot]


text:
My baby is over 1 month old and i still have sevear pain while BF-ing.
My left breast was craced and now almost heald and pain free but my right breast is so baddly damaged that im in tears the hole time i nurse.
Its not even craced, it has a wage in the middle like a hole with no skin on top. If it becomes dry it looks like a big hole inside my nipple.
I have tried every cream and compresses. It just wount get any better. every nursing opens it up and bleeds again.
I have spoke to a professional and she told me that he wount open his mouth wide enogh but i really try to push as much as possible to his mouth and lot more then with the good breast so why this one is so painful? When the nipple comes out it looks lipstic shaped but i re-latch him again and agian and its still the same. I have tryed different posissions and butting the breast in different ways but still painful.
My son wount take breast shields and i cant get anything out with a pump.


text:
Follow RFF News on your cell phone. Text follow rff to 40404 you will receive txt messages with RFF News
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
Its always a tradition that President Bush interrupt Survivor. It seems like he does that!Rob
Page created in 0.065 seconds with 33 queries.


text: Hey, folks, Can anyone tell me whether machine applique is judged as being equal to hand applique in a show? Provided it is well done, of course. I want to get into applique, but am not sure which type to do. I'm hoping you all will tell me machine applique is acceptable. Thanks for your help!


text:
CSKA Moscow's Igor Akinfeev has been named the top goalkeeper of the 2012-13 season by Goal readers.
CSKA lifted both the Russian Premier League title and the Russian Cup last season, and Akinfeev capped club success with individual honours too, after being named the league's player of the season.
The Russian, who recorded 38.21 per cent of the vote conducted by readers of Goal International, finishes ahead of Manuel Neuer, Samir Handanovic, David de Gea and Gianluigi Buffon. To hear our reaction to your vote, watch the video at the top of the page.
We will name our 50 best players from last season on July 29, and Akinfeev will hope to represent the goalkeeper's union in this year's list, following Iker Casillas' third place finish in last year's Goal 50.


text:
Mid-Century To Minimalist: Before & After Bedroom
We're suckers for a great bedroom makeover. We talked a great deal about it last week during our Spring Cure and think any effort in the bedroom is time well spent. The bedroom above, although graced with light from the skylights above, was in dire need of something fresh and new — and that's exactly what it got!
Although Daniel & Valeria over at Hindsvik are more known for their home decor Etsy store, their blog and beautiful bedroom makeover has us just head over heels.
Check out the few "before" photos above and then the cool, serene "after" shots that follow. They also made sure to include a bed for their cat, done up in modern stylings as well. When all is said and done it looks like a great space to be a human or a pet!
To read more about this diy bedroom makeover check out the following links:
• Before Bedroom Photographs
• After Bedroom Photographs
• Plywood Flooring & Headboard Tutorial
Thanks Daniel & Valeria!
(Image: Hindsvik)


text:
Style # 207863
Where polished meets flirty, this bebe skirt is created from a breathable cotton blend and features a slightly shorter pencil silhouette. Style it with a crisp button up and a colorful blazer for a quick office-ready look.
- 48% cotton, 45% polyamide, 7% elastane
- Center back to hem: 20" (51 cm)
- Spandex lining
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- Imported
- Model is 5'9" and is wearing a US size S
Mini Pencil Skirt is rated out of 5 by 2.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Barbz from Love it and have it in 2 sizes I love this pencil skirt so much that I bought two sizes. I was wondering if Bebe could have this mini pencil skirt in black? I would definitely buy 2 skirts again in black if it was available. This would look awesome with the Mikaela patent toe pumps in natural or black. Hint....hint Bebe can you get more of those pumps in stock and this pencil skirt in black? You guys are awesome as always. XOXO
Date published: 2013-02-13
Rated 5 out of 5 by angelbabyboo67 from LOVE IT! i got 00 in egret and absolutely love it. i also ordered" Paula Peplum Jacket" in 00 to go with it but i'm still waiting for that to arrive since i've ordered it a week later
Date published: 2013-01-30


text:
September 2013
Trash into Treasure: The De Saisset Rethinks Waste
Marika E. Krause
SANTA CLARA, Calif., Sept. 4, 2013—The de Saisset Museum at Santa Clara University explores how artists can help build sustainable communities through the creative reuse of materials in Reduce, Reuse, Re-Imagine. The exhibition is on view now through Dec. 6, 2013 and Jan. 11 to Feb. 2, 2014.
For generations, artists have looked to found objects as a source for art making. Through creativity and ingenuity they have repurposed and transformed cast-off materials, giving them new life as art. The artists in this exhibition take that tradition one step further—engaging a Zero Waste philosophy, the participants in Reduce, Reuse, Re-imagine rescue objects from the waste stream. These include items disposed of as trash rather than recycled by local residents and businesses. Artists then reimagine these objects in a new context to create original, enticing, and thought-provoking works of art. Through their work, the artists illuminate our role as active participants in the management of Earth's limited resources.
Made possible by a grant from Santa Clara University's Sustainable Resource Initiative, this exhibition draws upon the work of nine professional artists, many of whom have previously participated in San Francisco Recology's unique artist-in-residence program. The show includes both large- and small-scale works made from a variety of materials ranging from recycled wood to discarded clothing, paper, and cloth. In addition, the show includes sculptural works by 12 Santa Clara University students. Together, the artists in Reduce, Reuse, Re-Imagine explore new ways of thinking about art and the environment; their work encourages us to make positive, sustainable changes in our everyday lives and in our communities.
Professional artists include Val Britton, Ryan Carrington, Lauren DiCioccio, Julia Goodman, Jeff Hantman, Barbara Holmes, David King, Scott Oliver, and Sudhu Tewari. Reduce, Reuse, Re-imagine is co-curated by Lindsey Kouvaris of the de Saisset Museum and Ryan Reynolds of the Department of Art and Art History.
The museum celebrates the opening of Reduce, Reuse, Re-Imagine with a public reception on Thursday, Sept. 26 from 7 to 8:30 p.m.
Media Contact:
Lindsey Kouvaris | de Saisset Museum | 408-554-4528 | 408-554-7840 fax | email@example.com
About the de Saisset Museum
The de Saisset Museum at Santa Clara University is the South Bay's free museum of art and history. The museum was founded adjacent to the Mission Santa Clara de Asís on the Santa Clara University campus in 1955 and is one of only three museums in the South Bay accredited by the American Association of Museums. The de Saisset Museum collects, preserves, exhibits, and interprets objects of art and history for the educational and cultural enrichment of all people. The museum achieves its mission through an active program of exhibitions, collections, education programs, and publications.


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New American Commentary: Revelation
by Patterson, Paige•
In the Introduction to his commentary on Revelation, L. Paige Patterson observes the widespread neglect of this closing book of the New Testament. "Aside from a few journal articles and fewer monographs, few homiletical adventurers have evidenced the moxie to enter the eschatological lists and take on this book in the pulpit. This remains the case even though curiosity abounds in many congregations where parishioners fervently wish that their respective pastors would explain the book to them. Among those who embark on this adventure, most sail no further than the message to the seven churches . . . thus missing the grandeur of the promises that proliferate in chapters 4–22."
Patterson writes with the strong conviction that preachers and professors can grasp Revelation and expound it fruitfully. To that end he has written this commentary, and in doing so, interacts with a wide array of interpreters of Revelation across the centuries. The reader who follows Patterson's interpretive decisions will experience a virtual hermeneutical workshop—but far more than that. He will see more clearly than ever the glory and grandeur of Jesus Christ.
The New American Commentary: Revelation is for the pastor, student, or layperson who wants to understand and expound the Scriptures. What's more, with the Logos edition, Scripture passages are linked to numerous English translations for quick reference, or to the original Greek texts for original-language study! That gives readers quick access to the message of the Bible as they study it! The commentary can also be read along with Bible dictionaries, encyclopedias, other commentaries, and the wealth of other Bible study tools in your digital library.
Looking for more volumes in the series? The New American Commentary Series (NAC) (41 vols.) is available!
Key Features
- Commentary based on the NIV
- The NIV text printed in the body of the commentary
- Sound scholarly methodology reflecting capable research in the original language
- Readable and applicable exposition
Product Details
- Title: New American Commentary: Revelation
- Author: L. Paige Patterson
- Series: New American Commentary
- Publisher: B&H Publishing Group
- Publication Date: 2012
- Pages: 480
About L. Paige Patterson
L. Paige Patterson (PhD New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary) is the president and professor of theology and occupies the L. R. Scarborough Chair of Evangelism ("Chair of Fire") at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary. He is author of commentaries on First Corinthians, First Peter, Titus, and Song of Solomon, as well as numerous articles on various aspects of theology.


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Gabriel's Message
Swingle Singers
reed on!
Take a look-see at the more of what I do and who I am if you feel like it! (I'm not "just" oboe and English horn. Honest!)
patricia emerson mitchell (photography)
the pattyo (mostly a photography dumping site at this point ... I used to blog there about the rest 'o life)
Pastel by Kelsey Layos©


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September 11th Remembered through Art
My previous post includes images of paintings that I created shortly after September 11th, 2001. At that time, I had the pleasure of meeting a wonderful woman from Texas who acquired several of my 9-11 paintings. She was so moved by the artists who were creating artwork for charity that she, too, became involved. She worked with a local printer who donated his services to produce a September 11 Tribute Calendar. I have prints of some of the other "Angels of America" artists and some other originals that I acquired during the 2001 charitable "Auctions for America". I thought that it would be nice to post a few of the other images here on the 10th Anniversary of September 11 as a way to remember the day through the eyes of fellow artists. You'll see that each artist captures a feeling about that day in a different way.....many show pride and patriotism with an emphasis on the American flag, others show heartfelt condolences for the lives lost by their use of angels, hearts and candles.
As I said before: To those who lost their lives on this day 10 years ago, to the heroes who worked endlessly to search for survivors, and to the families who lost loved ones - You are always in our hearts. Your loved ones may be gone, but they are certainly not forgotten. May we all remain United For Peace.
|The work is signed "Among our gifts, our treasures shine! Thank you!" I think the signature is S. Bryser (sp?)
|Print reads "Thanks for your Support! All the Best, Mel Clarkston"
|"God Bless America" Ruth M. Lenz (sp?) 11/14/2001
|Angel by Jill Tostengard 2001 (Love the Angel portrait on the back too! Thanks Jill!)
|Portrait by Sheryl Dooley 2001
|This was a small painting done on a piece of cardboard box. It was done October 23, 2001 by Troxell. I asked the artist to write a message on the back about the painting and their feelings about 9-11. It is nice to have this personal reflection on the date and the associated artwork.
|Mary Hamilton, November 2001
|"Morning Glory" by Catherin Darling Hostetter 2001
|By Teresa Arbogast
|Heroic Efforts" The Gathering by Sonya Paz 2001
|Stronger than Ever by Steve Peters 2001 (Thanks Steve for the personal note on the back!)
|Thine alabaster cities gleam, undimmed by human tears by KA Krig (sp?) Artist added "O beautiful for spacious skies ..."
This blog post was originally written on 9/11/2011 for the 10th year anniversary of 9-11.


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Mid County Fire Protection District Chief says there's no telling what could be cut if a proposed levy increase doesn't pass in the Nov. 5 election
Residents in the Mid County Fire Protection District will soon head to the polls and have a chance to vote on a levy increase.
Ever since the district announced the proposed levy increase, they have made it clear that this ballot issue is to maintain the current level of service. If the increase does not pass and the current level of service cannot be maintained, district officials say some cuts will have to be made.
Mid County covers a total of 220 square miles and currently has a levy of 0.2653 which is the lowest levy when compared to surrounding districts and is lower than it was when the district was formed in 1986 according to Chief Scott Frandsen. Like any business, costs have increased since the '80s. Electric bills, gas bills and vehicle maintenance all have risen in price affecting Mid County exponentially.
Mid County firefighters responded to 1,400 calls in 2012. The average response time to all of those calls was approximately 11 minutes.
"I'm really proud of the level of service we have and the variety of services we offer," Frandsen said.
The reality the chief is now faced with is what will happen if the levy does not pass.
"The district's fear is not having the money to maintain the current fleet," Chief Fransden said.
Not being able to maintain the fleet could mean longer response times and possible fleet cuts. The board of directors has not made a decision on what to cut at this time but Frandsen said it is safe to say that everything is on the table including the amount of training that firefighters do and the intern program.


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Freelance companies invited to bid and complete my existing MVC .NET Application and Develop mobile app
Budżet $250-750 USD
Only FREELANCE Companies are invited, Individual freelancers are excused. The tasks are
1. Complete the existing .NET c# / SQL server application and support it
2. Develop New Mobile application based on same Business requirements.
94 freelancerów złożyło ofertę na kwotę $1236 do tego projektu
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HPS (high pressure sodium) Grow lights have good spectral distribution. High Pressure Sodium Grow Lights emit the yellow and red regions of the spectrum. High pressure sodium bulbs help stimulate flower and fruit production in plants more efficiently than other grow light sources. It is best to use HPS Grow Lights in addition to or cycled with metal halide grow lights.
— Ships from Seattle, Washington USA.


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I mistakenly tuned in to the premier episode of "I Am Cait" thinking that the show was about a transgender guy. Instead, I saw a show about a 65 year old guy who likes to wear Atelier Versace. This point crystallized in a scene just over halfway through the show, when Jenner sits down for a heart-to-heart with his mother, Esther. The conversation intended to highlight change. Instead, it did just the opposite: >> Esther: The problem before with you and I, I... I'm guessing this-- you felt uncomfortable with me. We would see each other, and it was like... continue reading
It seems abundantly clear now that the CBS series ' Zoo ' has, among other annoying goals, at least one chief aim: to thoroughly and completely denigrate hunters. The show, which follows a team of scientists as they try to find out why animals are launching coordinated, deadly attacks on humans, has in the last 3 weeks glorified the murder of a hunter , boasted about disrupting a hunter's opportunity to shoot a black rhino , and called hunters murderers. Last night's episode "Pack Mentality" was no different. So it should come as no surprise that when Abraham (Nonso Anozie)... continue reading
The Catholic Church found itself sitting squarely in the sights of the hour long leftist infomercial known as ABC Family's " The Fosters ." In last night's episode, "Faith, Hope, Love," Mariana Foster (Cierra Ramirez) gets an invitation from her birth mother to be a Godmother to her infant half-sister. Get all that? Mariana is super-excited about being a Godmother. But when she tells her moms that she herself must be baptized first, (she has two lesbian mothers who are her adoptive parents, for those of you just joining us) they're mortified. Mariana tells them that her birth family said... continue reading
ABC Family's " Becoming Us " backtracked last night to revisit a theme they laid the foundation for weeks ago: Ben and his emotional despair over his man-turned-woman father "Carly" refusing to allow Ben to call him "dad." You see, "Carly" is so obsessed with becoming female, that he will not permit any mention or reference to him as a man in any capacity. Even by his own son. This point was driven home over a month ago, during one of those touching father-and-son catch sessions, where a boy and his dad have those traditional heart-to-heart discussions over the topics... continue reading
Yikes! Not content to push the envelope with prime time TV's first polyamorous relationship , ABC's 'Mistresses' just went even further over the line with this same sex kiss between the two women in the threesome relationship - in a church, right in front of a priest! In the episode "Love is an Open Door," main character Karen is justifiably trying to keep her shameful secret that she's in a relationship with a married couple from the priest at the church where she ironically leads a marriage therapy group. But then in waltzes Vivian, the other woman in the triad,... continue reading
The ESPYs brought back the discredited Ferguson "Hands Up, Don't Shoot" narrative. In the awards show's opening montage, the St. Louis Rams players' protest gesture was shown while the narrator said, "sports inspires in so many ways, whether it's through ... simply a gesture." Ironically, the next line was "Sports has the power to connect us" - hard to think of a worse example of people connecting than Ferguson. Watch: Video: Transcript: There is no more powerful force than something that inspires you... And sports inspires in so many ways... Whether it's through a game... A performance... A play... Or... continue reading
Bruce "Caitlyn" Jenner has spoken, and I'm more confused now than ever before. And that's saying something. In an introductory speech, video tribute, and acceptance speech that spanned nearly 30 minutes of air-time, the story of "Caitlyn's" transformation was told. But it was told in an entirely different way than what I expected. It was depressing. Take Abby Wambach's opening monologue. She began by sounding the call to rally around an issue "not enough of us stand up for." Okay, here's the part where she's going to tell us to rally around the cause of general LGBT acceptance, right? -So,... continue reading
I feel bad for myself for having to watch the ESPYs. However, I feel far worse for Danielle Green, who has to share the same stage as Bruce "Caitlyn" Jenner. Especially in a year in which Jenner will be the one getting an award for "courage." Danielle Green was honored with the Pat Tillman Service Award. She joined the Army after her stellar college basketball career, spurred by a strong desire to serve. She lost her right arm in Iraq, had to have her wedding ring retrieved from her detached hand by her comrades at the ambush site, returned home... continue reading
Peyton Manning Presents Joel McHale with the Face of America after Failed Confederate Flag/Redskins Analogy
Joel McHale made perhaps the reachiest of all reaches when trying to turn a bit about the removal of the Confederate flag into a Redskins joke. No, seriously this happened. McHale began the ill-fated stab at humor thusly: McHale: NASCAR had a transformative year. The confederate flag is no longer being flown at NASCAR events. Yes. It's great. It also came down in South Carolina. Folks in Washington, D.C. Said, it's about time. Washington, D.C., home of the Redskins. Redskins. Redskins. The link between the Confederate flag and the Redskins is lost on me. Apparently, it's lost on Peyton Manning... continue reading


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El Salvador: Crime and state efforts to combat crime; state protection programs for victims and witnesses; requirements to access programs; statistics on granted and refused applications for protection; duration and effectiveness of these programs
|Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
|Publication Date
|25 June 2012
|Citation / Document Symbol
|Related Document(s)
|El Salvador : information sur la criminalité et les efforts déployés par l'État pour la combattre; les programmes de protection de l'État pour les victimes et les témoins; les critères pour participer aux programmes; les statistiques sur le nombre de demandes de protection acceptées et refusées; la durée et l'efficacité de ces programmes
|Cite as
|Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, El Salvador: Crime and state efforts to combat crime; state protection programs for victims and witnesses; requirements to access programs; statistics on granted and refused applications for protection; duration and effectiveness of these programs, 25 June 2012, SLV104089.E, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/5035f9602.html [accessed 18 December 2018]
|This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States.
1. Background
Sources indicate that El Salvador is one of the most violent countries in Central America (AFP 27 Oct. 2011; The New York Times 25 Mar. 2012). The Council on Hemispheric Affairs (COHA), "an NGO specialized in monitoring Latin American and Canadian relations," indicates that El Salvador faces "a genuine threat to citizen security from both gangs and international organized crime" (16 Feb. 2012). Reuters reports that, according to the National Civil Police (Policía Nacional Civil, PNC), violence increased 9.2 percent during 2011 when compared to 2010 (1 Jan. 2012). The Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and Mara18, (M-18) the two "most powerful gangs" in El Salvador (The Guardian 2 May 2012) are responsible for half of the homicides committed in that country (Reuters 1 Jan. 2012). Sources indicate that drug trafficking organizations are also contributing to the rise of violence in the country (UN 28 Feb. 2012, para. 380; US 13 Jan. 2012, 1). According to the US Congressional Research Service (CRS), criminal organizations other than gangs or those dealing with drug trafficking also operate in Central America (ibid., 11). The CRS indicates that, despite the absence of publicly available information, organizations involved in criminal activities such as arms trafficking, human trafficking and money laundering "possess the capital, manpower, and networks required to run sophisticated enterprises and to penetrate state institutions at high levels" (ibid.).
According to the 2011 Global Study on Homicide by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Honduras and El Salvador have the highest homicide rates in the world with 82.1 and 66 per 100,000 people, respectively (UN 2011, 93; AP 6 Oct. 2011). Sources report that approximately 4,300 people were killed in 2011 (Reuters 1 Jan. 2012; AFP 3 May 2012) out of an estimated population of 6,090,646 (US 8 June 2012). In 2010, 4,085 were killed (UN 2011, 93). In comparison, 554 homicides occurred in Canada in 2010 (Canada 26 Oct. 2011a), representing a rate of 1.62 per 100,000 people (ibid. 26 Oct. 2011b). A 2011 report produced by the UN International Narcotics Control Board indicates that the presence of Mexican drug cartels in Central America has represented an increase in violent crimes such as kidnapping, bribery, and torture (UN 28 Feb. 2012, para. 380). Amnesty International (AI) indicates in its Annual Report 2011 for El Salvador that the number of women killed rose from 253 in 2008 to 477 between January and October 2011 (AI 2011). The AI report also indicates that "[m]any" of them were raped and mutilated (ibid.).
2. Gang Activity
The CRS indicates that according to the UNODC, membership in gangs in El Salvador was estimated at 10,500 people in 2007 (US 13 Jan. 2012, 10). However, Freedom House indicates that 20,000 people were gang members as of 2009, including 9,000 in prison (Freedom House 2011). AFP reports that membership of both MS 13 and M-18 is estimated at 32,000 persons; including 10,000 prison (AFP 3 May 2012).
Sources indicate that gangs in El Salvador are actively involved in extortion and drug trafficking (ibid.; AP 23 Mar. 2012). Sources also indicate that gangs target bus drivers for extortion (Los Angeles Times 22 June 2010; Toronto Star 10 Mar. 2012). The Toronto Star reports that bus drivers are "typically obliged to make protection payments to gang members amounting to [US] $1,000 a month or more" (ibid.). The Human Rights Institute of the José Simeón Cañas Central American University (Instituto de Derechos Humanos de la Universidad Centroamericana "José Simeón Cañas," IDHUCA), indicates in its 2010 report that [translation] "at least seventeen people died incinerated" when a criminal group sprayed a bus with gasoline and set it on fire (2010, 5). Los Angeles Times also reports this and another incident where attackers "strafed passengers with automatic rifle fire" killing two people (22 June 2010). In both cases "several" children were killed (ibid.). The Research Directorate could not obtain additional information on these incidents among the sources consulted within the time constraints of this Response.
According to AI, prisons in El Salvador also experience "high levels" of gang violence (2011). The US Department of State's 2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices indicates that gang activity inside prisons continues to be a "serious problem," and that gangs continue to exercise influence on the judicial system from prisons (US 8 Apr. 2011, Sec. 1c). The CRS reports that the Salvadoran police found evidence suggesting that some MS-13 leaders imprisoned in El Salvador were ordering "retaliatory assassinations" of individuals in Northern Virginia (US 13 Jan. 2012, 10). It also reports that the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has "documented increasing numbers in cases of extortion schemes carried out by gangs in El Salvador against Salvadorans in the United States" (ibid.).
Sources report that by March 2012, homicides in El Salvador had decreased (CISPES 20 Apr. 2012; The New York Times 25 Mar. 2012). The Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador (CISPES) indicates that the homicide rate dropped by 40 percent in March 2012 (20 Apr. 2012), while other sources report that homicides dropped to 5 per day from a "typical" rate of 14 per day (The New York Times 25 Mar. 2012; AFP 3 May 2012). Sources also report that the aforementioned drop in homicides is due to negotiations carried out between the Salvadoran Catholic Church and gangs with the support of the Salvadoran government to bring about a truce in violence (CISPES 20 Apr. 2012; AFP 3 May 2012). AFP further reports that gangs have announced the cessation of "forceful recruitment of young people and declared schools to be 'zones of peace'" (ibid.).
However, sources report scepticism with regard to the truce (The Guardian 2 May 2012; The New York Times 25 Mar. 2012). The New York Times reports that 30 imprisoned gang leaders were transferred from "maximum-security" prisons to prisons with "perks" (25 Mar. 2012; see also The Guardian 2 May 2012). CISPES reports that, despite the drop in homicide rates, extortion levels to residents and business owners remain the same (20 Apr. 2012).
3. State Response
According to COHA, Salvadoran president Funes replaced between November 2011 and January 2012 "key public security and intelligence officials with retired high ranking military personnel" (16 Feb. 2012). Sources also indicate that president Funes deployed the armed forces to counteract gang violence in the country (AI 2011; AFP 3 May 2012). Freedom House reports that the government extended the deployment during 2010, granting additional powers to the military to "conduct patrols and searches among civilians" (2011). The CRS indicates that despite the 8,000 troops involved in border security and joint patrols with the police, crime rates have not been reduced "significantly" (US 13 Jan. 2012).
Sources report on President Funes' plan to create a program that would draft 5,000 adolescents at risk of joining gangs (Los Angeles Times 12 June 2011; AFP 1 June 2011). The plan, according to Los Angeles Times, would provide "noncombat" and "practical training in such skills as mechanics and carpentry" (12 June 2011). The purpose of the program is to offer rehabilitation alternatives, promote [translation] "'a change of conduct'" and facilitate their incorporation into the productive sectors of the economy (AFP 1 June 2011). Sources also report that President Funes asked the business sector to create employment alternatives to curtail violence (ibid. 2 May 2012; NOTIMEX 2 May 2012). One program consists of providing training for nine months to young people between the ages of 14 and 17 in natural disaster management (AFP 2 May 2012). Another program plans to train between 500 and 1,000 teens in trades that would aid them in obtaining employment (ibid.). Additional information on these programs could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response.
The Mexican News Agency (Agencia de Noticias del Estado Mexicano, NOTIMEX) reports that the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (Banco Centroamericano de Integración Económica, BCIE) and the Italian Anti-mafia Attorney would provide training to [translation] "at least" 50 prosecutors in Central America to fight criminality (9 Feb. 2012). Additional information on this initiative could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response.
The CRS indicates that the US provides, through the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI), assistance such as equipment, technical assistance and training to Central American nations "to improve narcotics interdiction and disrupt criminal networks that operate in the region" (US 13 Jan. 2012, 24).
4. Effectiveness of State Institutions
According to the US Department of State, "inadequate training, insufficient government funding, lack of a uniform code of evidence, and isolated instances of corruption and outright criminality interfered with the PNC's effectiveness" (US 8 Apr. 2011, Sec. 1d). Sources also indicate that the judiciary is inefficient, corrupt and prone to political interference, and that impunity remained high (ibid., Sec. 1e; IDHUCA 2010, 15). The US Department of State indicates that police officers, victims and witnesses are intimidated and assassinated; judges are subject to outside influence; and that the criminal conviction rate is less that 5 percent (8 Apr. 2011, Sec. 1e). IDHUCA indicates in its 2010 report that, during judicial proceedings, oral testimony takes precedence over scientific evidence, with the latter hardly ever used (2010, 13).
5. Witness Protection Program
According to the Executive Technical Unit (Unidad Técnica Ejecutiva, UTE), the [translation] "institution responsible for providing technical, administrative and financial assistance to the Coordinating Commission of the Justice Sector" (El Salvador 18 Apr. 2012), the Victim and Witness Protection Area (Área de Protección de Víctimas y Testigos) is the agency responsible for [translation] "providing protection measures, and assistance to victims, witnesses and other persons involved in judicial processes or crime investigations" (ibid. 25 May 2012). The Area consists of six Technical Evaluation Teams (Equipos Técnicos Evaluadores) in different regions of the country (ibid.). According to the Regulation for the Special Law for Victim and Witness Protection (Reglamento de la Ley Especial para la Protección de Víctimas y Testigos), these teams are responsible for providing social, psychological and juridical assistance; evaluating and supervising protective measures to witnesses and victims; and carrying out studies to improve the program, among others (ibid. 2007, Art. 8). The Regulation states that requests for protection that meet all the requirements must be evaluated as soon as possible; if a positive decision is made on the application, protection measures are decided in the following five days (ibid., Art. 17). The law also calls for protection measures in [translation] "urgent" cases which may take up to eight hours to inform the protection officer (ibid., Art. 23). According to the US Department of State, the program offered protection to 3,151 persons in 2010, including 149 who were protected under "extraordinary measures" (8 Apr. 2011, Sec. 1e).
La Prensa Gráfica, a San Salvador-based newspaper, reports that according to the Office of the Attorney General (Fiscalía General de la República, FGR), [translation] "at least" 10 witnesses have been obliged to provide testimony without voice distortion or balaclavas by some judges (La Prensa Gráfica 12 Dec. 2011). The article quotes a judge as saying that [translation] "judges have the discretion to suppress any of the [protection] measures ordered by the Executive Technical Unit of the Justice Sector (UTE)" (ibid.). The same article cites the Director of the UTE as saying that judges "must follow the resolutions sent by a technical team of the protection program"; otherwise, judges would be violating the Penal Code with regard to the prohibition to release data or images of witnesses enrolled in the protection program (ibid.). According to the UTE, six other cases have been reported for violation of protection measures (ibid.).
Another La Prensa Gráfica report indicates that six hours after a witness had testified without a voice distorter, two of his family members were attacked resulting in one of them being killed (ibid. 30 Nov. 2011). According to the article, the judge did not authorize the use of a voice distorter because [translation] "of difficulty taking and evaluating [witness'] testimony" (ibid.). La Página, a San Salvador-based newspaper, reports that, according to two prosecutors and an ex-prosecutor that were interview by the newspaper, [translation] "'at least 100 witnesses were murdered in 2010 across the country'" (9 Feb. 2011). According to the ex-prosecutor interviewed, protection measures last until the judicial process comes to an end; and those witnesses that receive protection in shelters, have to cohabit with "witnesses from all gangs [as well as] civilians" (ibid.). The newspaper also interviewed an attorney who indicated that the state does not provide assistance with relocation alternatives, finding employment, or changing identity (ibid.). According to the Director of the Anti-homicide Specialized Unit (Unidad Especializada Anti homicidios), the program does not have sufficient resources; the unit had a budget of US$1.7 million in 2010, down from US$2.7 million in 2008 (Comunica 7 Apr. 2010). The US Department of State indicates that "street gang intimidation and violence against witnesses contributed to a climate of impunity from criminal prosecution" (8 Apr. 2011, Sec. 1e).
This Response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the Research Directorate within time constraints. This Response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Please find below the list of sources consulted in researching this Information Request.
Agence France-Presse (AFP). 3 May 2012. "El Salvador's Feared Gangs Extend Truce to Schools." (Factiva)
_____. 2 May 2012. "Gobierno salvadoreño pide apoyo a empresarios para erradicar violencia." (Factiva)
_____. 28 February. 2012. "Central American Drug Violence Surges as Cartels Move South." (Factiva)
_____. 27 October 2011. "Central America the World's Most Violent Region: Research." (Factiva)
_____. 1 June 2011. Oscar Batres. "El Salvador: servicio militar 'sin armas' para alejar a jóvenes de pandillas." (Factiva)
Amnesty International (AI). 2011. Anual Report 2011. "El Salvador."
Associated Press (AP). 23 March 2012. Marcos Alemán. "Report: Salvadoran Gangs Agree to Truce, Murder Rate Appears to Decline." (Factiva)
_____. 6 October 2011. Adriana Gómez Licón. "UN Study Says Regional Crime Surge Gives El Salvador, Honduras World's Highest Homicide Rates." (Factiva)
Canada. 26 October 2011a. Statistics Canada. "Homicide Offences, Number and Rate, by Province and Territory (Number of Homicides)."
_____. 26 October 2011b. Statistics Canada. "Homicide Offences, Number and Rate, by Province and Territory (Homicide Rate)."
Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador (CISPES). 20 April 2012. "Salvadoran Gov't Accused of Negotiating with Gangs, After 40% Drop in Murders."
Comunica. 7 April 2010. Óscar Morales. "Protegidos por el silencio."
Council on Hemispheric Affairs (COHA). 16 February 2012. Frederick Mills. "Public Security in El Salvador: The Slide Towards Re-militarization."
El Salvador. 18 April 2012. Unidad Técnica Ejecutiva del Sector Justicia. "Filosofía."
_____. 25 May 2012. Unidad Técnica Ejecutiva del Sector Justicia. "Organización institutcional."
_____. 2007. Reglamento de la Ley Especial para la Protección de Víctimas y Testigos.
Freedom House. 2011. Freedom in the World 2011. "El Salvador."
The Guardian. 2 May 2012. Wayne Arthur and Rory Carroll. "El Salvador Holds Its Breath after Day without Murders: Tension in Slums Amid Scepticism at Brief Truce Between Powerful Gangs." (Factiva)
Instituto de Derechos humanos de la Universidad Centroamericana "José Simeón Cañas" (IDHUCA). 2010. Derechos Humanos: El Salvador 2010.
Los Angeles Times. 12 June 2011. Alex Renderos. "Fighting Gangs at the Grass-roots Level; Salvadoran Plan Calls for Drafting At-risk Teens for Civil Defense and Job Skills Training." (Factiva)
_____. 22 June 2010. Alex Renderos. "The World; 16 Killed in El Salvador Bus Attacks; Gangs Shoot People in One Vehicle and Set Another on Fire in the Nation's Capital." (Factiva)
The New York Times. 25 March 2012. Randal C. Archibold. "Homicides in El Salvador Dip, and Questions Arise." (Factiva)
NOTIMEX, Agencia de Noticias del Estado Mexicano. 2 May 2012. "Funes pide a empresarios dar oportunidades a pandilleros salvadoreños." (Factiva)
_____. 9 February 2012. "Capacitan a fiscales contra la criminalidad en Centroamérica." (Factiva)
La Página [San Salvador]. 9 February 2011. Jaime Ulises Marinero. "Asesinados por el 'pecado' de haber sido testigos (y III entrega)."
La Prensa Gráfica [San Salvador]. 12 December 2011. Jessica Ávalos. "FGR denuncia desprotección de testigos."
_____. 30 November 2011. Jessica Ávalos. "FGR: juez violó la ley al quitar medidas a testigo."
Reuters. 1 January 2012. "Murders in El Salvador Rose Nine Percent Last Year." (Factiva)
The Toronto Star. 10 March 2012. Oakland Ross. "El Salvador's 20 Years of Bloody Peace." (Factiva)
United Nations (UN). 28 February 2012. International Narcotics Control Board. 2011 Report.
_____. 2011. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Global Study on Homicide 2011.
United States (US). 8 June 2012. Central Intelligence Agency. World Factbook. "El Salvador."
_____. 13 January 2012. Congressional Research Service (CRS). Central America Regional Security Initiative: Background and Policy Issues for Congress.
_____. 8 April 2011. Department of State. 2010 Country Report on Human Rights Practices. "El Salvador."
Additional Sources Consulted
Internet sites, including: Child Rights International Network; Country Studies; Diariocolatino.com; The Economist; ecoi.net; El Salvador - Academia Nacional de Seguridad Pública, Centro de Documentación Judicial, Corte Suprema de Justicia, Fiscalía General de la República, Ministerio de Justicia y Seguridad Pública, Policía Nacional Civil; Elsalvador.com; The Jamestown Foundation; Jane's Terrorism and Security Monitor; Organization of American States; ReliefWeb; Réseau d'information et de solidarité avec l'Amérique latine; United States - Embassy in San Salvador; Universidad de El Salvador; Washington Office on Latin America.


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Sam has not received any gifts yet
Hi Sam,
I just saw your message. I would like to hit sometime. Weekends are better for me. I live in Maryland. Where do you live? This coming weekend is no good for me. But we the weekend of May 7th work for you?
© 2018 Created by Mark / The Mayor. Powered by


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Ideazon Merc Stealth Illuminated Gaming Keyboard Review
Your dad decides that the family needs a new PC. So dad runs off to the local electronics based merchant and buys a slapped together package that includes monitor, keyboard, mouse, and a wonderful $20 printer for free. Popping in your favorite game just to see if the factory assembled, mass produced computer made from the cheapest components will actually run it. A smile creeps across your face as the computer boots into the game, "it actually works!" you say with glee. After three hours of gaming, how does that generic keyboard feel? You go to bed holding your wrist dreaming of WSAD keys ripping your arms off. To date, there are a large number of manufacturers producing gaming based keyboards; they all boast of more comfort, more options, and so on and so forth. The Ideazon Merc Stealth Illuminated Gaming Keyboard is one of these.
In our tests today, we will see how comfortable the Ideazon Merc Stealth Illuminated Gaming Keyboard truly is, what customizability it offers, and how functional it is for everyday tasks. Will it be the solution for your gaming keyboard blues?
Closer Look:
The retail box of the Ideazon Merc Stealth Illuminated Gaming Keyboard is very professional looking. There is plenty of information on the customization ability of the keyboard and the specific features it offers. There are detailed pictures of the keyboard's multiple LED colors which I am looking forward to. As much as I said in the past, I love blue, but sometimes mixing it up is nice.
The Ideazon Merc Stealth Illuminated Gaming Keyboard comes packaged in a plastic bag with the accessories dropped in loosely. Not as nice as some of the other keyboard packaging I have seen in the past, but it is functional. It comes shipped with a driver disc, manual and limited warranty.
The back of the keyboard has more extras than most. The Ideazon Merc Stealth Illuminated Gaming Keyboard has two heights for the feet depending on your comfort level. and you can change the heights accordingly. It also has non-slip rubber feet so you won't have to constantly reposition your keyboard when playing a game.
Now let's find out what kind of options the keyboard offers us.


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Oct. 19, 2005
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. - The MIT women's volleyball team became the only undefeated squad in the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference (NEWMAC) after posting a 30-26, 30-26, 23-30, 30-24, victory over Springfield College on Tuesday. With the win, the Engineers improve to 23-5 overall and 7-0 in the conference while the Pride falls to 21-5 on the year and 6-1 in the NEWMAC.
Tech took control of the match early as setter Austin Zimmerman was successful in connecting with Briana Stephenson, Caroline Jordan, and Alexandra Huston-Carico. Stephenson led the way with a season-high 15 kills while Jordan and Huston-Carico finished with 14 and 10, respectively. Zimmermantotaled 48 assists and also collected 18 digs.
After dropping the first two games, Springfield's defense became very stingy and built up a 24-14 lead. MIT was able to put a rally together before falling, 30-23. The Engineers carried the momentum into the final game as they constantly pressured the Pride and prevented its offense from finding a rhythm. The Engineerstook a 20-11 advantage before Springfield rallied. Techheld on despitethe late push and Rose Zhong clinched the match by winninga joust at the net.
Arlis Reynolds, Carrie Buchanan and Lindsay Hunting not only anchored Tech's defense but they alsogenerated strong serving runs in the fourth game, combining for six of the team's nine aces. Reynolds paced the backline with 24 digs, with Hunting and Buchanan contributing 14 and 12, respectively. Jordan notched her seventh double-double of the year as she collected 10 digs. In addition, she recorded a team-high one solo and six assisted blocks.


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Kate Moss joins Vogue as fashion editor
The beauty, who has starred on the publication's cover more than 30 times, is due to feature her first story in an upcoming spring issue of the mag.
Editor-in-chief Alexandra Shulman says, "I am absolutely delighted that Kate is going to work with us in this new role. Her undoubtedly brilliant sense of style, depth of fashion knowledge and understanding of what makes a wonderful image will be exciting to see on the pages of British Vogue. I am really looking forward to working with her on ideas."


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Jennifer Aniston Destroys Jimmy Kimmel's Desk on 'Jimmy Kimmel Live!'
Jennifer Aniston takes a sledgehammer to her pal Jimmy Kimmel's desk to celebrate his talk show's new time on Tuesday (January 8)'s episode of Jimmy Kimmel Live!
"That's out with the old, in with the new. We're going to 11:30," the 43-year-old actress said when she destroyed Jimmy's desk. "I've never been here! Can I say, Not a very well-made desk," Jen added when she found out the desk was new.
Check out Jen's demolition below, and click inside to check out her interview. Also appearing on the show that evening was Gwen Stefani and No Doubt – watch their performances inside!
FYI: Jen and Jimmy are good pals – they were just spotted vacationing together in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico over the holidays!


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Focus Network necesitaba un nuevo diseño de página web y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 32 diseños de 14 diseñadores freelance.
Miss Leeds
Miss Leeds is the regional heat to select Miss England, who will go on to the Miss World competition. Leeds is a city in Northern England.
We have recently obtained the license to host the Miss Leeds contest and require a slick and professional looking website to attract sponsors, applicants and the general public who may be interested in the contest.
17-24 year old females entering to become 'Miss Leeds' and also a wider audience who will recognise and be interested in the competition. People of both genders and of all ages!
We also want to attract sponsorship.
The design should therefore offer a good balance between sophistication and professionalism whilst at the same time being fresh, funky, sexy and modern!
The image of Miss World, however, is not overtly sexual - the emphasis should be more on beauty than sex.
I am open to different visual arrangements. The site should be quite visual in concept, with striking images, possibly from iStockPhoto. I can give feedback on this as designs progress.
An example of another region's website is: http://www.missmanchester.net
I like the visual design of this, but the navigation is too simple and the design is a bit 'too' sexy.
The colours of Leeds are blue & yellow - if you can integrate these then great, but I am aware they are not the best colours to work with so please do NOT feel restricted to these colours.
The site will have a minimal number of pages, which should be prominent in the navigation:
Live Final
Terms & Conditions
Miss England
Miss World
I have setup a Logotournament contest for the logo which can be seen at:
My preference is the 1st logo (the winner for this contest has not yet been chosen) - if you have another preference or would like to introduce your own logo then please do so.
There should also be space allocated in the design for the following:
- Main sponsor logo (prominent/large)
- 10x subsidiary sponsors (small, at the bottom somewhere)
- Miss England logo: http://www.freshacademy.co.uk/image…d-logo.jpg (small, at the bottom somewhere)
- Facebook fan page link
- Twitter fan page link


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|01307 860293
|Hilary Farquharson
|Noon-7:00pm Friday and 10:00am - 5:00pm Saturday
Venue: Radisson Blu Hotel, 80 High Street, Royal Mile, Edinburgh EH1 1TH
Highlights (32 items)
Peter Bell
68 West Port, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH1 2LD
E email@example.com
W www.peterbell.net
Contact: Peter Bell
Specialisms: History, philosophy, literature, Scottish, booklets, collections.
The Bookroom
1 Dingleton Road, Melrose, Roxburghshire, TD6 9QS
E email@example.com
Contact: Ian Duncan
Specialisms: General stock including Scottish and Borders, Military, Field Sports and Natural History.
Bransdown Books
107 Cateran Way, Cramlington, Northumberland, NE23 6EZ
E email@example.com
Contact: Jennifer Copping
Specialisms: Children's and children's illustrated. Small but varied general stock.
Matthew Butler Books
Old Garage House, Acton Turville, Badminton, Gloucestershire, GL9 1HH
E firstname.lastname@example.com
Contact: Dr. Matthew Butler, M.V.O.
Specialisms: Architectural history, architecture and construction; archaeology; art history; UK topography. Collections purchased and valuations undertaken.
Classic Photographics
17 Warkworth Avenue, Whitley Bay, Tyne and Wear, NE26 3PS
E email@example.com
Contact: Paul Cordes
Specialisms: Photography, photobooks, books with tipped in photographs. Photographic images, early processes, pictorialist, photogravure and anything industrial.
William Cowan
Ards Cottage, Connel, Scotland, PA37 1PT
E firstname.lastname@example.com
Contact: William Cowan
Specialisms: First editions of the 20th and 21st centuries, with special emphasis on Scottish and Irish first editions. Also small stock of contemporary (post-1950) art works, mostly signed limited edition prints, and ceramics.
Hilary Farquharson
Sturt, Tannadice, Forfar, Angus, DD8 3TU
E firstname.lastname@example.com
Contact: Hilary Farquharson
Specialisms: Scottish, travel and fine bindings in many subjects.
Larry Hutchison
27 Albany Street, Dunfermline, Fife, KY12 0QZ
E email@example.com
W www.larryhutchisonbooks.com
Contact: Larry Hutchison
Specialisms: Scottish and antiquarian.
David B Jarvis
34 Clerk Road, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 9HA
E firstname.lastname@example.com
Contact: David Jarvis
Specialisms: Scottish, military history, children's, fine general and ephemera.
Lucius Books Ltd
144 Micklegate, York, North Yorkshire, YO1 6JX
E firstname.lastname@example.com
W www.luciusbooks.com
Contact: James Hallgate
Specialisms: Modern first editions, literature, children's illustrated, original artwork and detective fiction.
1c Ramillies Road, London, W4 1JW
E email@example.com
Contact: John Martin & C G Martin
Specialisms: Ephemera of every description, manuscripts, newspapers.
McLaren Books Ltd
22 John Street, Helensburgh, Dunbartonshire, G84 8BA
E email@example.com
W www.mclarenbooks.com
Contact: George M D Newlands Director
Specialisms: Yachting, naval, maritime. Scottish and small general stock.
Miles Apart
Callender House, 90 Callender Street, Ramsbottom, Bury, Lancashire, BL0 9DU
E firstname.lastname@example.com
Contact: Ian Mathieson
Specialisms: Books on South Atlantic Islands (St. Helena, Falklands, Tristan da Cunha, Ascension). Also Antarctic and islands generally.
Clifford M Milne
16 Airyhall Avenue, Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, AB15 7QU
E firstname.lastname@example.com
Contact: Clifford Milne
Specialisms: Scottish, sport, modern first editions, children's.
Michael Moon's Bookshop
19 Lowther Street, Whitehaven, Cumbria, CA28 7AL
E email@example.com
W www.moonsbookshop.co.uk
Contact: Michael Moon & Peter Moon
Specialisms: Lake counties, History, Cinema, Antiquarian.
Old Town Bookshop
17 Gilmore Place, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH3 9NE
E email@example.com
Contact: Ronald Wilson
Specialisms: Fine art, architecture, literature, children's illustrated, antiquarian literature, old prints of Scotland, Edinburgh & Scottish books.
Ian Reilly Books
4 Kilpunt Steadings, Broxburn, West Lothian, EH52 5QB
E email@example.com
W www.ianreillybooks.com
Contact: Ian Reilly
Specialisms: Antiquarian, history, music, art reference, academic books, and modern first editions.


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Important Sale of Americana Announced at Sotheby's New York in January
Anna Maria Thornton, President James Madisons House, Montpelier , Orange , Virginia. Est. $40/60,000. Photo: Sotheby's.
auction of Important Americana will be held on 21 & 22 January 2011 in New York. The first day of the sale offers silver, prints and Chinese export porcelain, including works with truly exceptional histories. Day two of the sale begins with a selection of stoneware assembled by Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Hochberg, featuring 103 pieces that have not been seen in public in over 20 years, and continues with furniture, folk art and carpets, led by An Important Searls Family Chippendale Highly Inlaid Cherrywood and Mahogany Chest of Drawers, Attributed to Nathan Lombard, Sutton, Massachusetts, circa 1800 (est. $250/700,000*). Sothebys Americana Week sales continue with the dedicated auctions of Important Americana from a Private Collection in the afternoon of 22 January, which features American furniture and clocks, Paktong and English pottery, and Property from the Hascoe Family Collection: Important American and English Furniture, Fine & Decorative Arts on Sunday the 23rd**. All Americana Week sales will open for exhibition at Sothebys York Avenue Galleries on 15 January.
21 January 2011 10am & 2pm
The first day of the Important Americana sale is led by exceptional examples of American silver, including The Joseph Jefferson Cup: A Massive American Silver Presentation Cup, Modeled by W. Clark Noble, Cast by Gorham MFG. Co., Providence, RI, 1895-96 (est. $100/200,000). Joseph Jefferson was a great American actor who became enormously popular in the second half of the 19th century. His biggest success came with a dramatic interpretation of Irvings Rip Van Winkle that he created and toured with internationally. The Joseph Jefferson Cup was modeled in plaster by William Clark Noble, famous for his monumental compositions, and depicts several of the actors most popular characters including Old Rip Van Winkle. The net factory price was set at $2,100 when it was completed, the cost of a three-floor house in Providence at the time.
Another highlight of the silver on offer is An American Silver, Copper, and German Silver Scale Model of Independence Hall, John Dean Benton, Philadelphia, 1875, commissioned by Philadelphia self-made financier, railroad and shipping magnate Edward Collings Knight to commemorate the Centennary of the Declaration of Independence (est. $100/200,000). The large model is complete down to the smallest detail: the East Room (Independence Hall), for example, contains a model of the table on which the Declaration was signed, the chair of the President of Congress, and engraved portraits of George Washington and the signers.
Tiffany & Co. designer Paulding Farnham invested heavily in the Ptarmigan Mines in British Columbia around the turn of the century, and designed The Ptarmigan Vase: A Monumental Copper, Silver and Gold Mokume Vase, circa 1900-05 at the time to celebrate what he hoped would be a highly lucrative venture (est. $80/120,000). Although the vase does not bear a Tiffany mark, the complexity of its manufacture would have required that it be made in the Tiffany factory in New Jersey. Through intense research, Sothebys has also discovered that the five signatures at the base can be traced to master craftsmen who worked for Tiffany during the period, four of which are listed as important contributors to the 1900 Paris Exposition. As Tiffany & Co. did not permit their master craftsmen to sign their wares, these signatures provide an amazing insight into the lives of men who created some of the most spectacular turn-of-the-century American silver.
In addition to the strong group of works by John James Audubon on offer, the prints in the first day of the sale are led by The Bloody Massacre (Brigham Plate 14) by Paul Revere (est. $150/200,000). The engraving from 1770 is a depiction of the Boston Massacre on 5 March of that year. Another engraving with a virtually identical composition was produced and sold by Henry Pelham seven days after Reveres, and at the time it was assumed that Pelham had copied the Revere plate. In fact, it was Revere who copied Pelhams design, and rushed to produce the work in order to expeditiously foment the passions of his fellow patriots in opposition to the British Crown. The present copy was owned by John Freemont Hill, governor of Maine from 1901-05. The work is documented as having hung in the governors mansion in Augusta, and has descended in the family since.
The days offerings also include approximately 40 lots of Chinese export porcelain, featuring A Rare Blue Enamelled and Gilt Fitzhugh Pattern Part Tea Service (est. $10/15,000) and a good group of blue and white Kangxi period porcelains.
22 January 10am
The second day of the sale begins with American stoneware assembled by Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Hochberg. The Important Americana exhibition marks the first time in over 20 years that the 103 pieces have been on public view. The works are led by An Important Salt-Glazed Stoneware Four-Gallon Jug Decorated with a Standing Horse with Fences, J & E Norton, Bennington Vermont, 1850-59, which set an auction record for American stoneware when it sold in 1986 (est. $60/120,000). The unique qualities of the work include the unusually large area that the horse covers on the vessel, and the precise detail and painterly manner in which the horse is depicted. The jug is one of only three Bennington vessels depicting a horse, and is one of the finest Norton pieces in existence. Another highlight is An Important Salt-Glazed Stoneware Cobalt-Blue Incised Heart-Shaped Inkwell, Decorated with a Pair of Love Birds above the Initials AM with Stylized Flowers and Leaves, New York, 1728-65 (est. $20/100,000). Based on the new technology of XRF testing, as well as remarkable research on sherds from the Crolius-Remmey kiln waster site at the African Burial Ground in downtown New York City, it is likely that the inkwell was made in New York by one or more of the Crolius-Remmey potters.
The sale continues with American furniture, led by An Important Searls Family Chippendale Highly Inlaid Cherrywood and Mahogany Chest of Drawers, Attributed to Nathan Lombard, Sutton, Massachusetts, circa 1800 (est. $250/700,000). An exuberant New England interpretation of the Federal style, this serpentine cherrywood chest of drawers retains its original finish and epitomizes the height of workmanship in rural Massachusetts. Few other comparable American chests are known with a shaped front and ambitious inlaid decoration of this exceptional quality. The piece has descended in the Searls family, who were in Pomfret, Connecticut by 1846. Hon. Charles Edwin Searls, whose mother Carol Matthewson Searls likely owned the work, was elected Secretary of State in 1881.
The furniture on offer features an unusually large group of bonnet-top and flat-top high chests of drawers from both New England and Philadelphia, as well as a remarkable selection of chests and tables. The high chests are led by The Winslow Family Very Fine Queen Anne Bonnet-Top Mahogany High Chest of Drawers, Attributed to Benjamin Frothingham, Charlestown, Massachusetts, circa 1770 (est. $80/160,000). Emphasizing form over ornament and retaining its original hardware, this high chest is a handsome example of the Queen Anne aesthetic. The tall architectonic form, richly figured façade and fine carving indicate that it is a product of an accomplished shop. Several distinctive regional characteristics, such as the spiral-twist finials, are found on furniture made in eastern Massachusetts. The chest is nearly identical in design to a mahogany chest at Winterthur signed by Benjamin Frothingham Jr. of Charlestown, leading to the attribution.
Another furniture highlight is An Important Chippendale Carved and Figured Mahogany Five-Leg Serpentine-Front Games Table, New York, circa 1760 (est. $150/350,000). The hinged top opens to reveal a yellow damask playing surface fitted with candle reserves and wells. A Very Fine and Rare Chippendale Carved and Figured Maple Slant-Front Desk, possibly New Hampshire, circa 1790 is a rare example of blockfront shell-carved furniture from New England, with a unique design influenced by contemporary Massachusetts and Rhode Island furniture. The exuberantly-carved desk is illustrated in Albert Sacks Fine Points of Furniture as one of the great masterpieces of curly maple furniture and a study in bold original design.
American folk art in the sale is led by Ammi Phillipss Portrait of a Rosy Cheeked Young Girl in a Pink Dress painted circa 1832 (est. $175/225,000). A closely-related portrait of a child with dark hair, also wearing a pink dress and painted by Phillips circa 1832, is in the Edward Duff Balken Collection of American Folk Art at Princeton University. The present portrait is also closely related to that of James Mairs Salisbury in the collection of the American Folk Art Museum in New York, painted circa 1835. each of these examples is part of a series of portraits painted of seated children during his Border period from 1830-1835.
Additional highlights of the American folk art on offer include the earliest known image of President James Madisons House, Montpelier, Orange, Virginia (est. $40/60,000). This very early and unique watercolor is attributed to Anna Maria Thornton, the wife of Dr. William Thornton, architect of the United States Capital in Washington, DC. Along with Monticello and Drayton Hall in Charleston, South Carolina, Montpelier is among the earliest examples of American Palladian architecture. A rare and important Fishing Lady/Shepherdess and Piper Canvaswork Picture, done by Polly Burns, Boston, circa 1768 is one of the earliest and most extravagantly-worked schoolgirl embroideries done in the mid-18th century in pre-Colonial Boston by the daughters of Massachusettss most prestigious families (est. $60/80,000).
** Americana Week 2011 Full Calendar of Sales
Important Americana
21 January 10am & 2pm
22 January 10am
Important Americana from a Private Collection
22 January 2pm
Property from the Hascoe Family Collection:
Important American and English Furniture, Fine & Decorative Arts
23 January 10am & 2pm
*Estimates do not include buyers premium
Important Americana
Paulding Farnham
New York
Today's News
December 22, 2010
Johnny Depp: "Looking at a Painting by Pablo Picasso is Like Drinking a Glass of Wine"
Important Sale of Americana Announced at Sotheby's New York in January
New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art Determines Painting by Velázquez is Authentic
National Portrait Gallery Will Keep "Felix, June 5, 1994" by AA Bronson in "Hide/Seek"
Getty Villa to Present Apollo from Pompeii: Investigating an Ancient Bronze
The Cleveland Museum of Art Announces Latest Works Approved by the Collections Committee
After Winning Bidder Didn't Pay Up, Nuns' Honus Wagner Baseball Card Goes to New Buyer
The Speed Art Museum Announces Thorntons Inc. Donates $1 Million for Expansion
Archives of Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects Donated to Yale University
Robert L. Oswald, Brother of Lee Harvey Oswald Disputes Last Week's Sale of Coffin
DC Moore Gallery Relocates to a Dynamic and Spacious New Location in Chelsea
Melissa A. DeRuiter Named PAFA's New Executive Vice President of Development
American Museum of Natural History's New Dinosaurs App for iPad Out for the Holidays
Kaune, Sudendorf Gallery for Contemporary Photography Presents Marina Gadonneix
Iconic Barack Obama Change Poster by Shepard Fairy to Sell at Bonhams
Christie's International Leads the Market for Watches in Europe, Asia, and the America's
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Clark D. Manus, FAIA, Inaugurated as 2011 AIA President
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On December 9, estate jewelry & more goes up for bid at Turner Auctions + Appraisals
French museum chief hits back at call to return African art
David Castillo Gallery to present works by a stellar group of artists at Art Basel Miami Beach
Ancient Chinese painting auctioned for almost $60 million at Christie's Hong Kong
Exploring the watery remains of France's sunken Roman port of Olbia
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Sotheby's names President and CEO William F. Ruprecht as Chairman of the Board of Directors
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