text:
- Research
- Open Access
Phagocytosis influences the intracellular survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis via the endoplasmic reticulum stress response
- Seon-Hwa Kim†1,
- Soo-Na Cho†1,
- Yun-Ji Lim1, 2,
- Ji-Ae Choi1, 2,
- Junghwan Lee1,
- Dam Go1 and
- Chang-Hwa Song1, 2, 3Email authorView ORCID ID profile
© The Author(s) 2018
- Received: 22 May 2018
- Accepted: 25 September 2018
- Published: 29 September 2018
Mycobacterium smegmatis, a rapidly growing non-tuberculosis mycobacterium, is a good model for studying the pathogenesis of tuberculosis because of its genetic similarity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Macrophages remove mycobacteria during an infection. Macrophage apoptosis is a host defense mechanism against intracellular bacteria. We have reported that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important host defense mechanism against Mtb infection.
In this study, we found that M. smegmatis induced strong ER stress. M. smegmatis-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in the induction of ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Pretreatment with an ROS scavenger suppressed M. smegmatis-induced ER stress. Elimination of ROS decreased the ER stress response and significantly increased the intracellular survival of M. smegmatis. Interestingly, inhibition of phagocytosis significantly decreased ROS synthesis, ER stress response induction, and cytokine production.
Phagocytosis of M. smegmatis induces ROS production, leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines. Phagocytosis-induced ROS is associated with the M. smegmatis-mediated ER stress response in macrophages. Therefore, phagocytosis plays a critical role in the induction of ER stress-mediated apoptosis during mycobacterial infection.
- ER stress response
- Apoptosis
- Phagocytosis
- Reactive oxygen species
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are defined as mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), are mycobacteria which do not cause tuberculosis or leprosy [1]. NTM can cause lung, lymphatic, skin/soft tissue, and disseminated disease [1]. Human infection with Mycobacterium smegmatis is very rare. M. smegmatis belongs to the group of rapidly growing mycobacteria, together with Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium fortuitum [2]. M. smegmatis has been suggested to be useful in the study of the mechanism of the adaptive response to hypoxia [3].
Macrophages are responsible for detecting, engulfing, and destroying pathogens and apoptotic cells [4]. Mtb-infected macrophages undergo apoptosis and contribute to host immune defense against mycobacterial infection [5, 6]. Apoptosis of M. smegmatis-infected macrophages is induced by activation of caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and regulation of apoptosis is important for the control of M. smegmatis in the host [7]. Phosphor-myo-inositol-lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and uncapped (Ara-) LAM have been isolated from the cell walls of M. smegmatis and M. fortuitum, and these compounds induce apoptosis [7]. Macrophages are also important in the innate immune system, and are involved in pathogen recognition and phagocytosis, as well as the production of cytokines [4, 8]. Phagocytosis is a major mechanism for the removal of pathogens and cell debris, and it is performed by neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and B lymphocytes [9]. Surface receptors, such as the Fcɣ and complement receptors, are important for phagocytosis by macrophages [10].
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with inflammatory cytokine production and microbial sterilization in macrophages [11]. Phagocytes generate ROS through the activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX)-family proteins [12]. Activation of NOX2 generates ROS in microorganism-containing phagosomes [12]. ROS production is closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response [13].
The ER plays important roles in protein folding, calcium storage, and the transportation of synthesized proteins in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus [14, 15]. ER stress is induced by accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER [16, 17], and chaperone proteins maintain ER homeostasis [17]. ER stress induces an intracellular signaling pathway known as the unfolded protein response (UPR) [18–20]. ER stress-mediated apoptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis [18, 19]. ER stress is induced by the 38-kDa antigen and heparin-binding hemagglutinin antigen in macrophages infected with Mtb [6, 21–23]. However, the interplay between ER stress and apoptosis in M. smegmatis-infected macrophages has not been studied.
In this study, we found that phagocytosis is important for induction of the ROS-mediated ER stress response in M. smegmatis-infected macrophages.
M. smegmatis induces ER stress-mediated apoptosis of macrophages
Next, we examined whether ER stress is involved in M. smegmatis-mediated apoptosis. RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA; a chemical chaperone) for 1 h before M. smegmatis infection, and caspase-3 activity was evaluated. As expected, the M. smegmatis-induced caspase-3 activation and production of CHOP and Bip in macrophages were reduced by 4-PBA pretreatment (Fig. 1f). These results indicate that ER stress is important for the induction of apoptosis in macrophages infected with M. smegmatis.
ER stress-mediated apoptosis is significantly increased in macrophages infected with Mtb [21]. We thus investigated whether infection with M. smegmatis induces apoptosis. RAW 264.7 cells were infected with M. smegmatis for 24 h and subjected to Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Apoptosis was strongly induced in M. smegmatis-infected macrophages (Fig. 1g). These data show that M. smegmatis induces ER stress-mediated apoptosis of macrophages.
To examine which caspase activation is important for the induction of M. smegmatis-mediated apoptosis in macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with z-ATAD-fmk (caspase-12 inhibitor), z-LEHD-fmk (caspase-9 inhibitor), and z-VAD-fmk (pan-caspase inhibitor) following infection with M. smegmatis, and caspase activation was evaluated. The activation of caspase-9 and -3 was strongly decreased by caspase-12 inhibition at 24 h after M. smegmatis infection (Fig. 2b). In RAW 264.7 cells pretreated with z-LEHD-fmk (caspase-9 inhibitor), the caspase-9 and -3 levels were slightly decreased at 24 h after M. smegmatis infection (Fig. 2c). Pretreatment with z-VAD-fmk reduced the activation of caspase-12, -9, and -3 in M. smegmatis-infected macrophages (Fig. 2d). In RAW 264.7 cells pretreated with 4-PBA for 1 h before M. smegmatis infection, the activation of caspase-12, -9, and -3 was reduced (Fig. 2e). Next, we assessed the proportion of apoptotic cells by Annexin-V/PI staining in the presence of specific caspase inhibitors and 4-PBA at 24 h after infection with M. smegmatis. Pretreatment with each inhibitor and 4-PBA reduced the number of apoptotic cells after M. smegmatis infection in macrophages (Fig. 2f). These findings indicate that ER stress plays a key role in caspase-dependent induction of apoptosis in M. smegmatis-infected macrophages.
Roles of nuclear factor kappa B and c-Jun N-terminal kinase in M. smegmatis-induced ER stress
MAPK activation was observed at 30 min after M. smegmatis infection (Fig. 3d). M. smegmatis-induced MAPK activation was reduced by each MAPK pathway inhibitor (Fig. 3e). Interestingly, pretreatment with SP600125 [c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor] substantially reduced the levels of ER stress molecules in M. smegmatis infected-macrophages (Fig. 3f). Inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum kinase (ERK) or p38 pathway did not affect the induction of M. smegmatis-mediated ER stress (Fig. 3f). Moreover, apoptosis was decreased in M. smegmatis-infected macrophages by pretreatment with a JNK inhibitor and an NF-κB inhibitor (Fig. 3g). The levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1, increased in a time-dependent manner during M. smegmatis infection (Fig. 3h). Our data indicate that the JNK pathway is important for ER stress-mediated apoptosis of M. smegmatis-infected macrophages.
ROS-mediated ER stress modulates intracellular survival of M. smegmatis in macrophages
Phagocytosis is important for the induction of ER stress during M. smegmatis infection
These data suggest that phagocytosis plays a key role in the induction of ER stress during M. smegmatis infection.
Apoptosis is important for host defense against mycobacterial infection [31]. In this study, we found that avirulent M. smegmatis induces ER stress-mediated apoptosis in macrophages. Avirulent mycobacteria induce stronger ER stress responses than do virulent mycobacteria [5, 24]. Our previous report suggested that virulent mycobacteria modulate macrophage polarization to control ER stress [5]. Toll-like receptor (TLR)2- and TLR4-mediated signaling typically plays a pivotal role in proinflammatory cytokine production or apoptosis of macrophages induced by Mtb [32]. The question remained of whether ER stress is induced in the presence of functional TLR signaling. Because TLR signaling is not directly involved in phagocytosis of mycobacteria, we postulated that ER stress would occur even when phagocytosis was inhibited. Unexpectedly, cytochalasin D pretreatment reduced M. smegmatis-induced ER stress in macrophages. In addition, M. smegmatis-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines was abolished by pretreatment with cytochalasin D or NAC in macrophages. These results suggest that direct phagocytosis of M. smegmatis plays a crucial role in overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines as well as TLR signaling.
Phagocytosis is an important mechanism for the removal of pathogens and cell debris. Phagocytosis of invading pathogens by macrophages is the first line of defense and initiates the cellular immune response [9]. Phagocytosed pathogens, such as Mtb, upregulate ROS production, leading to activation of MAPK and NF-κB [33]. Here, we showed that ROS production in M. smegmatis-infected macrophages was reduced by cytochalasin D pretreatment. Previously, we reported that Mtb-mediated ROS induced accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, leading to induction of the ER stress response [6, 24]. These findings indicate that direct phagocytosis of M. smegmatis is important for induction of the ROS-mediated ER stress response.
Mycobacterium smegmatis-induced ER stress apoptosis was found to be dependent on the JNK pathway. JNK-mediated ER stress activates death-receptor 5, Puma, and Bim via the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α)- TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF 2)-apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK 1) complex, resulting in apoptosis [34]. Therefore, we suggest that ER stress plays a key role in the induction of apoptosis in M. smegmatis-infected macrophages, leading to suppression of intracellular survival of the bacilli.
In summary, our results indicate that direct phagocytosis of M. smegmatis induces ROS production, which not only leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines, but also induces ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Therefore, phagocytosis might be an important factor that inhibits intracellular growth of mycobacteria by inducing ER stress-mediated apoptosis in macrophages.
Cell culture
Murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, penicillin (100 IU/mL), and streptomycin (100 mg/mL) at 37 °C with 5% CO2. The cells were cultured in six-well polypropylene tissue culture plates in a 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37 °C for 24 h before infection to allow them to adhere.
M. smegmatis culture and intracellular survival assay
Mycobacterium smegmatis (ATCC 700084/mc2 155) was cultured in Middlebrook 7H9 liquid medium supplemented with 10% oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, and catalase, and 5% glycerol. M. smegmatis was harvested by centrifugation (3000 rpm, 30 min), washed, and resuspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to a concentration of 5 × 107 CFU/mL. The bacterial cells were stored at − 80 °C until used. Heat-killed M. smegmatis was prepared by heating of live M. smegmatis in PBS at 80 °C for 30 min.
Cells were infected with M. smegmatis at an MOI of 5 and incubated for 1 h at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. After allowing time for phagocytosis, the cells were washed with PBS to remove extracellular bacteria, and incubated with fresh medium without antibiotics for a further. To assay intracellular survival, M. smegmatis-infected cells were lysed in sterile distilled water and disintegrated in a water bath sonicator for 3 min to collect intracellular bacteria. The lysates were plated separately on Middlebrook 7H10 agar plates and incubated for 14–21 days. Colony counts were performed in triplicate.
Chemicals and antibodies
Chemicals and inhibitors were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and diluted to the desired concentrations directly in the culture medium. RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with the indicated concentrations of inhibitors for 1 h before M. smegmatis infection. TM, z-LEHD-fmk (caspase-9 inhibitor), z-VAD-fmk (pan-caspase inhibitor), SP600125 (p-JNK inhibitor), PD98059 (p-ERK inhibitor), SB203580 (p-p38 inhibitor), BAY 11-7082 (NF-κB inhibitor), and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (NF-κB inhibitor) were purchased from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA, USA). NAC, cytochalasin D, staurosporine, and 4-PBA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Z-ATAD-fmk (caspase-12 inhibitor) was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Lipopolysaccharide and H2O2 were purchased from InvivoGen (San Diego, CA, USA).
Western blotting was performed using antibodies against caspase-12, caspase-9, caspase-3, PDI, ERO1α, p-protein kinase RNA-like ERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP, Bip, p-p38, p-JNK, p-ERK, p-IκBα, IκBα, JNK, ERK, p38 (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), and ATF6α (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Goat anti-rabbit IgG (Cell Signaling) and goat anti-mouse IgG (Calbiochem) were used as secondary antibodies. β-actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was used as a loading control.
Western blot analysis
Whole cells were lysed in radio-immunoprecipitation assay buffer (ELPIS Biotech, Daejeon, Korea) containing a protease inhibitor cocktail. Extracted proteins were separated on 10% or 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gels and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. The membranes were blocked with Tris-buffered saline, 0.1% Tween 20 (TBS-T) containing 5% skim milk (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) at room temperature for 1 h and then incubated with primary antibodies (1:1000) overnight at 4 °C. After washing with TBS-T, the membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:2000) for 2 h at room temperature. The bound antibodies were detected using a chemiluminescent HRP substrate (Enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL); Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Band intensities were quantitated using Omega Lum C (Aplegen Inc., Pleasanton, CA, USA).
Apoptosis analysis
Apoptosis was assessed using an Annexin-V-PI staining kit according to the manufacturer's instructions (BD Pharmingen, San Diego, CA, USA). Cells were analyzed using a fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) Canto II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) and the data were processed using Flow Jo software (Tree Star, Ashland, OR, USA). Staurosporine (500 nM, 6 h) was used as the positive control.
Measurement of ROS levels
RAW 264.7 cells were harvested using PBS. For ROS staining, the cells were incubated with dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA; 5 μM; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) or dihydroethidium (DHE; 2 μM; Molecular Probes) for 30 min in a 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37 °C. RAW 264.7 cells were washed three times with PBS and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. After being washed with PBS, DCFH-DA-positive cells were analyzed in a FACS Canto II cytometer (BD Biosciences) and the data were processed using Flow Jo software (Tree Star). DHE staining was analyzed using an optical microscope (Olympus BX51, Olympus, Japan). H2O2 was used as the positive control.
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
Total RNA was extracted from RAW 264.7 cells infected with M. smegmatis using TRIzol™ reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The extracted mRNA was transcribed into cDNA using a reverse transcription kit (ELPIS Biotech). cDNA was amplified using Prime Taq Premix (Genet Bio, Daejeon, Korea) to assess XBP-1 splice, CHOP, and Bip mRNA levels. β-actin was used as the control.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (BD Biosciences) was used to quantify TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6 levels in the culture supernatants of M. smegmatis-infected RAW 264.7 cells. Assays were performed following the manufacturer's instructions. Triplicate samples were analyzed using an ELISA reader and compared with a standard curve.
Statistical analyses
All experiments were performed in at least triplicate, and representative results are presented. Statistical significance was analyzed using Prism 5 software (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) by one-way analysis of variance. The data are expressed as means ± standard deviations. Statistical significance was set to p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001.
Authors' contributions
CHS conceived, designed, and supervised the study; SHK and SNC performed and analyzed most of the experiments and wrote the manuscript; SHK, SNC, YJL, JAC, JL and DG analyzed the data; CHS, SHK and SNC wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Availability of data and materials
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.
This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (NRF-2016R1A2B2008178), and by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2014R1A6A1029617).
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Authors' Affiliations
- Saleeb P, Olivier KN. Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease: new insights into risk factors for susceptibility, epidemiology, and approaches to management in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2010;12(3):198–203.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- McGrath EE, Blades Z, McCabe J, Jarry H, Anderson PB. Nontuberculous mycobacteria and the lung: from suspicion to treatment. Lung. 2010;188(4):269–82.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Tyagi JS, Sharma D. Mycobacterium smegmatis and tuberculosis. Trends Microbiol. 2002;10(2):68–9.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Martin CJ, Peters KN, Behar SM. Macrophages clean up: efferocytosis and microbial control. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2014;17:17–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2013.10.007.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Lim Y-J, Yi M-H, Choi J-A, Lee J, Han J-Y, Jo S-H, et al. Roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in M1-polarized macrophages during mycobacterial infections. Sci Rep. 2016;6:37211.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Choi J, Lim Y, Cho S, Lee J, Jeong J, Kim E, et al. Mycobacterial HBHA induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis through the generation of reactive oxygen species and cytosolic Ca2+ in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Cell Death Dis. 2013;4(12):e957.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Bohsali A, Abdalla H, Velmurugan K, Briken V. The non-pathogenic mycobacteria M. smegmatis and M. fortuitum induce rapid host cell apoptosis via a caspase-3 and TNF dependent pathway. BMC Microbiol. 2010;10(1):237.PubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Podinovskaia M, Lee W, Caldwell S, Russell DG. Infection of macrophages with Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces global modifications to phagosomal function. Cell Microbiol. 2013;15(6):843–59.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Freeman SA, Grinstein S. Phagocytosis: receptors, signal integration, and the cytoskeleton. Immunol Rev. 2014;262(1):193–215.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Park J-B. Phagocytosis induces superoxide formation and apoptosis in macrophages. Exp Mol Med. 2003;35(5):325.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Zeeshan HMA, Lee GH, Kim H-R, Chae H-J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated ROS. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(3):327.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Yang C-S, Shin D-M, Kim K-H, Lee Z-W, Lee C-H, Park SG, et al. NADPH oxidase 2 interaction with TLR2 is required for efficient innate immune responses to mycobacteria via cathelicidin expression. J Immunol. 2009;182(6):3696–705.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Cao SS, Kaufman RJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in cell fate decision and human disease. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2014;21(3):396–413.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Schwarz DS, Blower MD. The endoplasmic reticulum: structure, function and response to cellular signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016;73(1):79–94.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Choi H-H, Shin D-M, Kang G, Kim K-H, Park JB, Hur GM, et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress response is involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein ESAT-6-mediated apoptosis. FEBS Lett. 2010;584(11):2445–54.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Yoo S-A, You S, Yoon H-J, Kim D-H, Kim H-S, Lee K, et al. A novel pathogenic role of the ER chaperone GRP78/BiP in rheumatoid arthritis. J Exp Med. 2012;209(4):871–86.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Bravo R, Parra V, Gatica D, Rodriguez AE, Torrealba N, Paredes F, et al. Endoplasmic reticulum and the unfolded protein response: dynamics and metabolic integration. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2013;301:215.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Galluzzi L, Diotallevi A, Magnani M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response in infection by intracellular parasites. Fut Sci OA. 2017;3:FSO198.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Haeri M, Knox BE. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response pathways: potential for treating age-related retinal degeneration. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2012;7(1):45.PubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Sohn H, Kim J-S, Shin SJ, Kim K, Won C-J, Kim WS, et al. Targeting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis heparin-binding hemagglutinin to mitochondria in macrophages. PLoS Pathog. 2011;7(12):e1002435.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Lim Y-J, Choi J-A, Choi H-H, Cho S-N, Kim H-J, Jo E-K, et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway-mediated apoptosis in macrophages contributes to the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(12):e28531.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Lee K-I, Whang J, Choi H-G, Son Y-J, Jeon HS, Back YW, et al. Mycobacterium avium MAV2054 protein induces macrophage apoptosis by targeting mitochondria and reduces intracellular bacterial growth. Sci Rep. 2016;6:37804.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Lim Y-J, Choi J-A, Lee J-H, Choi CH, Kim H-J, Song C-H. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 38-kDa antigen induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis via toll-like receptor 2/4. Apoptosis. 2015;20(3):358–70.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Oh SM, Lim YJ, Choi JA, Lee J, Cho SN, Go D, et al. TNF-alpha-mediated ER stress causes elimination of Mycobacterium fortuitum reservoirs by macrophage apoptosis. FASEB J. 2018;32(7):3993–4003. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201701407R.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Larner SF, Hayes RL, McKinsey DM, Pike BR, Wang KK. Increased expression and processing of caspase-12 after traumatic brain injury in rats. J Neurochem. 2004;88(1):78–90.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Shiraishi H, Okamoto H, Yoshimura A, Yoshida H. ER stress-induced apoptosis and caspase-12 activation occurs downstream of mitochondrial apoptosis involving Apaf-1. J Cell Sci. 2006;119(19):3958–66.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Guo B, Li Z. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatic steatosis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Genet. 2014;5:242. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00242.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Simon H-U, Haj-Yehia A, Levi-Schaffer F. Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in apoptosis induction. Apoptosis. 2000;5(5):415–8.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Rao RV, Bredesen DE. Misfolded proteins, endoplasmic reticulum stress and neurodegeneration. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2004;16(6):653–62.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Aderem A, Underhill DM. Mechanisms of phagocytosis in macrophages. Annu Rev Immunol. 1999;17(1):593–623.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Behar S, Martin C, Booty M, Nishimura T, Zhao X, Gan H, et al. Apoptosis is an innate defense function of macrophages against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mucosal Immunol. 2011;4(3):279.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Sanchez D, Rojas M, Hernandez I, Radzioch D, Garcia LF, Barrera LF. Role of TLR2- and TLR4-mediated signaling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced macrophage death. Cell Immunol. 2010;260(2):128–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellimm.2009.10.007.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Jo SH, Choi JA, Lim YJ, Lee J, Cho SN, Oh SM, et al. Calreticulin modulates the intracellular survival of mycobacteria by regulating ER-stress-mediated apoptosis. Oncotarget. 2017;8(35):58686–98. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.17419.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Liu D, Zhang M, Yin H. Signaling pathways involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuronal apoptosis. Int J Neurosci. 2013;123(3):155–62.View ArticleGoogle Scholar


text:
Our most popular technologies
Want to see all the technologies used by highdefdigest.com?Download our Chrome Extension
High-Def Digest is the ultimate guide for home entertainment enthusiasts who demand only the best High Definition content and equipment that money can buy. Updated daily and in real-time, they track all Blu-ray news and release dates, and review the latest HD offerings on disc, streaming, and a variety of HD platforms. Los Angeles-based Internet Brands, Inc., a leading operator of media and e-commerce sites for large ticket consumer purchases, acquired High-Def Digest in January 2008. All disc reviews at High-Def Digest are completed using the best consumer HD home theater products currently on the market. More about their gear. Puzzled by the technical jargon in their reviews, or wondering how they assess and rate Blu-ray and HD DVD discs? Learn about their review methodology.
For a quick look at additional technographic info on highdefdigest.com or any domain on the web, download our Chrome Extension. Check out our help article to see how Datanyze Insider can help you.
Private, Public, or Non-Profit
Monthly technology spends based on tech stacks
Readily available SIC & NAICS codes
Estimated annual revenue
See how much funding a company has received
Easy-to-access social links

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Child seats are made to protect young travelers. However, certain designs contain defects, which lead to catastrophic injuries or death. In many situations, properly designed safety seats would prevent these tragedies. Unbelievably, the child safety and automobile industries refuse to take responsibility for these occurrences. Most manufacturers blame innocent parents for the problems.
Common Car Seat Defects
It is important to make the roads safer for children. Every parent must be made aware of possible child seat defects so that serious injuries are avoided. One of the most common defects is the angle of recline. Many front and rear facing child seats are designed to sit horizontally in cars. During accidents, this may cause great harm. Also, the restraints on the seats are often in the wrong places. Chest clips are commonly positioned too far down, which can lead to ejections. Three-point harness straps provide no support to children's laps, which presents grave danger during accidents as well. Shoulder harness slots are poorly labeled, which makes them difficult to use correctly.
As children age, it becomes necessary to use booster seats. However, these units rarely offer upper body support. During crashes, ejections are likely.
Common Injuries Linked to Child Seat Defects
Although car seats are designed to keep children safe, defects can turn minor car accidents into nightmares. Infants and toddlers may be thrown from these seats, trapped in position, or injured by the seats themselves. If straps are crafted from low-quality materials, tears may occur. This means children can be thrown from the seats. Defective locking mechanisms may make it challenging to remove children during emergencies as well.
Who is Responsible?
When a defective car seat causes a child's injury, a product liability lawsuit may be filed against the manufacturer. This type of action may be taken when straps, restraint locks, or any other car seat parts are found to be defective. When a manufacturing mistake or design problem leads to a child's injury, the makers and distribution chain should be held responsible for negligent actions.


text:
Let's get back to talking about how to kill people. It is, after all, what our characters do, right? This week, the topic is knife fighting.
Over the years, I've had the good fortune to train on guns and knives with Steve Tarani, whose martial arts skills are the stuff of legend. My most recent training was about a year ago at Gunsite Academy in Paulden, Arizona, where I spent a week training with carbines, pistols and . . . wait for it . . . knives. While I've done a lot of shooting in the past, this was my first exposure to knife fighting, and it was, frankly, terrifying. As you might imagine, on the pistol and carbine courses, there's no shooting at each other, but when it came to the knife sessions, there was sparring among the students, albeit with practice knives. In part because Tarani and I are friends–and in part because my nickname was "Writer Boy"–I was frequently called out to be the victim during demonstrations. The most embarrassing of those episodes was when Tarani disarmed me and "killed" me with my own knife before I even knew he'd moved.
The 21-Foot Rule
A long time ago someone did research to show that within 7 yards, and attacker with a knife can close the distance and kill a skilled shooter before the shooter can clear his gun from his holster. Our class proved that to be a bogus number. The real number is closer to 30 feet, and once the attacker with knife skills is within arm's length, the shooter doesn't have a chance.
Fair Warning: It gets a bit gruesome from here. While there are no upsetting pictures, there are some toe-curling concepts. Read on at your own risk.
Once you're close enough to touch your gun-wielding opponent, slash the tendons of his wrist and the guy can no longer hold his weapon. We were taught to next slash his eyes to blind him. From there, it's a matter of evaluating the threat. If he's done, then so are you, but if he's still got fight in him, you go for the kill.
The (Other) Kill Zones
A knife fight is an exercise in exsanguination. The last one to bleed out is the "winner". Thus, knife fighting is geared toward severing major blood vessels. Arteries produce a more crippling blood flow than veins, but they arteries lay buried significantly deeper in the body than veins. To get to an artery, then, you've really got to want it. To sever the carotids, for example, we were taught to start the strike with the fist of your knife hand in direct contact with the victim's neck and push through. Same thing with the femoral arteries, which made for some awkward posturing while sparring.
Best access to the subclavian arteries is via the arm pits. Like the carotids, they branch directly off the aorta, but I found the armpit thrusts difficult to execute. There's also a belly thrust that will take you through the navel to the abdominal aorta, but it involved the assistance of a knee strike to get the blade deep enough, so we didn't practice it.
Defensive Moves
While all of the above applies to defense against a lethal attack, we were taught potentially less lethal moves to be employed if we're more interested in discouraging an attack than engaging in one.
The Windmill. Say you're at the bus stop with your kid or your mom or with your significant other, and that skeezy guy who's been eyeballing you approaches in an unsettling way. You tell him forcefully to stay away, yet he keeps coming. You want to break off the encounter, and you certainly don't want to fight the guy. This is where the move I call "the windmill" comes in (if Tarani gave it a real name, I don't remember what it was). You draw and open your locking blade folding knife–if you don't carry one, I think you should–and hold it in a thumb-support or fencer's grip (the blade on the thumb end of your fist, not the pinky end) and as you back away, you make slashing motions in the air. Big figure X's at face-to-shoulder level. You tell him over and over to stay away. No sane person would walk into that razor-sharp windmill.
Which brings us to The Filet. So, Mr. Skeeze keeps coming and he gets a hand around your free arm or he gets a fistful of your clothing. You bring the edge of your blade down perpendicular to his arm bone and dig deep. Then, in one fast, continuous motion, you pivot your blade to be flat against the bone and you slice from wrist to elbow, separating the flesh and muscle tissue of his arm completely off the bone. I'm told it's not a fatal wound, but goodness gracious it would be an ugly one.
Zero Resistance
On the final day of classes, Steve Tarani brought in a bunch of pig carcasses and dressed them up in clothes from all seasons. Pigs in T-shirts, pigs in leather jackets, that sort of thing. The point was to employ the lessons of sparring with real blades on actual flesh and bone.
While I always carry a sharp knife, I'm not obsessive about the edge. I certainly couldn't shave with the blade. So I was surprised–shocked, actually–by the ease with which I could slash through the heaviest clothing all the way through the carcass's thoracic cavity. On one of my slashes, in fact, I thought I had whiffed it, only to find out that I'd gone through to the bone.
Now I Need Input
I'm told sometimes that my filter for that-which-is-disgusting is out of sync with those of normal people. If posts like this are a step too far into the violent side of reality, I can tone them back. All input is welcome.
And I have mentioned that I have a YouTube channel called A Writer's View of Writing and Publishing. Feel free to visit and subscribe!


text:
Microsoft Finally Shows Us What The Power Of The Cloud Can Do
If you keep telling people that something is amazing but never actually show them why it's amazing then the immediate assumption is that a) you're a liar and b) it's probably pretty awful in reality.
Enter Microsoft with their much-touted cloud services. Microsoft has thrown around statements about their Azure cloud servers such as them being able to triple your effective processing power on the Xbox One. Of course, out here in Africa it all means nothing to us because we're not getting those shiny servers any time soon.
- You'll Be Able To Play (Expensive) PS2 Games On Your PS4 Now | 2 months ago
- Jessica Jones Disempowers Its Male Characters And The Effect Is Refreshing | 2 months ago
- Hell Is 30 000 Deathclaws Tearing Through Boston And It's Glorious | 2 months ago
- Sony Santa Monica Is Teasing Something Truly Strange | 2 months ago
Titanfall made use of the power of the cloud to offload some processing but Microsoft has released a tech demo giving us a better idea of what the cloud can do.
Captured from an archived livestream of Microsoft's annual Build developer conference this footage doesn't really translate to what the Xbox One is capable of as it was running on PC hardware but it certainly gives you an idea of the possibilities.


text:
After 23 years, FOTOfusion might be considered venerable.
Not if Fatima NeJame can help it.
NeJame, president and chief executive officer of the Palm Beach Photographic Centre, which produces the festival, gave festival director Jim Colton clear marching orders.
"I said 'I want a lot of fresh blood and a lot of young, creative people,'" she said.
FOTOfusion opens Tuesday and runs through Saturday in downtown West Palm Beach.
The festival features workshops, lectures, panel discussions, multimedia presentations, portfolio reviews, computer classes, demonstrations and photo shoots led by more than 60 photographers, digital imaging artists and picture editors.
Of course, many are well-established professionals, such as fine-art photographer Joyce Tenneson; four-time Pulitzer Prize winner Carol Guzy; and Gary Hershorn, a former Reuters photographer who's now an Instagram wizard.
The fresh blood NeJame was referring to includes photographer Melissa Golden, whose nomadic projects have included rock star tours, back-room deal makers in Washington, D.C., and the endangered African penguin; Kelli Reed Grant, Yahoo News' photography editor; and Timmy Huynh, a photo editor and tech specialist for The Wall Street Journal.
For information, call 253-2600 or visit fotofusion.org.


text:
Cakespiration: A Pink Dessert Buffet
>> Friday, January 21, 2011 – Bridal Shower, Cakeballs, Cakepops, Cakespiration, Cupcake, Dessrt Buffets, Wedding
I love this inspiration shoot put together by EAT DRINK PRETTY! This soft pallete of pink and white can work for everything from weddings, to an elaborate bridal shower or birthday party!
Photography: Sewell Photography for Eat Drink Pretty
Jinellycakes has no affiliation with this event, these photos are showcased
here to serve as a source of inspiration.


text:
Cheap flights from Berlin to Fortaleza (BER — FOR)
Enter your dates to find the flight:
In addition to cheap flights Berlin – Fortaleza by month
Here you can find out which months as very Berlin – Fortaleza, to buy tickets at the lowest price.
one way
Flights from Berlin to Fortaleza
The selection of cheap flights from Berlin to Fortaleza
Here you can find and purchase the cheapest flights from Berlin to Fortaleza from $469 and from Berlin to Fortaleza to Berlin from $511.
The price of the flight from Berlin to Fortaleza (Brazil) to Berlin from $511 (round-trip).
The average price of the flight from Berlin to Fortaleza (Brazil) — Berlin $926 (round-trip).
The distance between Berlin and Fortaleza 4923 miles (or 7922 kilometers).
The time difference between Berlin and Fortaleza is 5 h.
- Departure city: Berlin
- IATA code of the city of origin: BER
- Departure airports: Tegel Airport, Brandenburg, Schonefeld Airport
- Departure country: Germany
- Destination city: Fortaleza
- IATA code of the destination city: FOR
- Destination airports: Pinto Martins Airport
- Destination country: Brazil
Low cost flights from Berlin to Fortaleza (BER — FOR)
LowCostClub will always do a comparison of airfares from the city of Berlin to Fortaleza with several airlines (include Air France, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, TAP Portugal). They will always provide you with all available options so that you can find the cheapest flight to Fortaleza apart from allowing you to choose where you want to do your bookings. Here, there are also special offers for air tickets from the city of Berlin to Fortaleza. Last week for instance, the cheapest round-tip prices stood at $511 while the cheapest one-way price that was available within the last week cost $469
Popular airlines flying from Berlin to Fortaleza
Flight Berlin – Fortaleza is served by 3 airlines.
Dynamics airfare Berlin — Fortaleza by month for the last year
The airfare depends on the departure date. Our chart shows the low season prices on route from Berlin to Fortaleza
Routes from nearby cities to Fortaleza
Popular International routes from Berlin
Popular routes from Fortaleza
Popular domestic routes from Berlin
The return flights Fortaleza – Berlin


text:
How to live like a grown-up
Ever struggled with how to live like a grown-up? Cinnamon Sunrise is your guide to #adulting like a pro. You can find out more about me and the blog, or you can find the most useful posts below.
Live like a grown-up: The three fundamentals
The three fundamental life skills that grown-ups need to master are sleeping well, eating well, and moving often. Get better at these, and you'll see improvements in every other part of your life.
- Want to improve your sleep? Here's how I finally fixed my sleep issues (for once and for all).
- Want to eat well? It starts with meal planning and getting plenty of fruit and vegetables.
- Want to move more? Try one of these youtube based fitness programs. Free, and you can do them anywhere.
Remember to look after yourself. I've got a standard self-care checklist and a self-care checklist for depression.
Live like a grown-up: Improve your social skills
We're a social species, dependent on each other for survival. Improving your social skills will benefit many areas of your life. Find out how to make friends as an adult (and why you should).
Live like a grown-up: Get organised and plan everything
Fail to plan, plan to fail. Without a system in place we tend to be far less efficient.
Discover the evolution of my planning system, and how I use the Passion Planner to organise my life.
Find out what health check-ups you should be getting, and when.
Live like a grown-up: Stay within your means
"Don't spend more than you earn". So simple, isn't it? And yet so hard. Join in on the Month of Money to get ideas on cutting costs, earning more, and improving your financial situation.
Start by cutting your expenses, saving money on your food bill and earn some money on the side.


text:
For our 5th day of the tour, guests had the option of spending a full day at Disneyland! Disneyland is a huge theme park located in Anaheim, California. Our tour guides collected our admission money and had our tickets ready for us so that we wouldn't have to wait in line once we got to the park. Once we arrived, we could either go off on our own, or stay with the tour guide, who would bring us around to the most famous rides and attractions before going off on our own.
Known by many as "the happiest place on Earth," Disneyland opened in 1955 and has remained a popular destination ever since. Millions have come to this park to meet their favorite Disney characters, ride the rides, watch the shows, and take photos in front of the famous Sleeping Beauty Castle.
Disneyland is made up of several districts, so there is something for everyone!
Enjoy shopping and horse-and-carriage rides on Main Street or enjoy the futuristic feel of Tomorrowland.
If you have kids, Mickey's Toontown is a must-see spot where you can visit Mickey and Minnie in their houses.
In Fantasyland, enjoy famous rides such as It's A Small World and The Matterhorn while being immersed in a district inspired by classic Disney animations like Snow White and Cinderella.
Critter Country's is well known for Splash Mountain, and Frontierland is great for anyone who wants to feel like they're in the wild west.
New Orleans Square is where you can fin the Pirates of the Caribbean ride and the Haunted Mansion.
Lastly, Adventureland is the place to go if you want to take a Jungle Cruise, visit Tarzan's Swiss Family Tree House, or ride the Indiana Jones Adventure attraction, a personal favorite!
Don't forget to grab a good spot to watch the awesome parade in the afternoon! This is where you can get some great pictures of your favorite Disney characters on colorful parade floats! The fun parade also features dancers in costumes and music!
As you can expect, Disneyland has a ton to offer! Anything less than a full-day spent at the park probably means that you wouldn't have time to see it all. Plus, those who stay until the end of the day get to enjoy the famous watershow, Fantasmic!, and the spectacular fireworks show that marks the end of a magical day.


text:
Socialist Elected to Seattle City Council, Like, a Real One
Sure there's a Lenin statue in Fremont and Bernie Sanders is a Socialist Democrat, but that's a lot different than voting for an actual, red-flag waving Socialist. But Seattle did just that this month.
I figured it was an off-shoot of the $15 minimum wage campaign, but no, Kshama Sawant fashions herself leading a socialist revolution.
In her inauguration speech she began, "Sisters and Brothers, Socialism is rising."
She went on to outline her plans to fight for a "millionaire's tax, force every employer to give each worker 12 weeks of paid parental leave, and institute rent control and build public housing owned by the city.
My grandparents would never have believed it, but there you have it!


text:
Online Community
WarrenCountyVA.com welcomes MasheiaShaniceW, the newest member to our growing online community!
Haven't joined WarrenCountyVA.com yet?
Get Involved
Add Your BusinessSubmit Content
events, articles, etc...
Latest Activity
Business Listings: Automotive - Repair Service
Looking for a Automotive - Repair Service in Front Royal, VA ? Here, you will find a comprehensive list of Front Royal, VA Automotive - Repair Service . Automotive - Repair Service in Front Royal, VA are encouraged to take advantage of our business listing options. If you know a Automotive - Repair Service in Front Royal, VA, please share this page with them.
Did you know?
Your Listing For Automotive - Repair Service Could Be Here?
(Spots Available First Come)
Click for Details
Free Listings:
Scandinavian Import Serviceenter $ Coupon!
BMW, Saab, Volvo, MINI Sales and Service in Rockville, Maryland
285 Derwood Circle
Rockville, MD, 20850View Map - Get Directions
Ashburn Village Sunoco
44111 Ashburn Shopping Plaza
Ashburn, Va, 20147
View Map - Get Directions
Charlie's Auto Repair
401 S. Royal Avenue
Front Royal, VA, 22630
View Map - Get Directions
Matthews Auto Center
13 W. Duck St
Front Royal , Virginia, 22630
View Map - Get Directions
Submit a FREE business listing to this category
If you appreciate the content published here please "Like" us below:


text:
Many people ask me what is "eish". Eish is South African slang used to express everything ranging from frustration to surprise to disapproval to shock, but also just everyday acknowledgement of things you can't change like "Eish, the traffic is bad today". Heard frequently each and every day! Thus as the title of my blog I'm mixing it up with Kimchi, which is a traditional Korean dish made out of fermented cabbage. The term "eish" was further made popular by a famous South African Brandy distillery. in all their ads they they make the comment "met Eish ja" which in Afrikaans sounds like ice. And offcourse you want ice with your brandy. in South Africa e drink ice with everything! So the adds are a play on the slang word eish and on the afrikaans word for ice which is "ys". So there you have it – where Kimchi with Eish comes from!
Here is a TV commercial of Klipdrift – who uses eish in their slogan! Enjoy, it is one of the funnierones!


text:
SMART Pasaload 100 and 200
It is now possible to send SMART Pasaload in denominations of P100 and P200.
Before, the maximum load credits you could send via pasaload is P30 (or is there a P60 option?)
Just a few minutes ago, I received an SMS text from PLDT announcing that you can now pasaload amounts as high as P100 and P200. This service, however, is available only to SMART postpaid subscribers. I wish they clarified how long those load denominations are good for.
In the case of P30, I think that's only good for 24 hours. Anyway, I'll update this post as soon as I find out the details for the 100/200.
The syntax is the same. Simply send the following message to 808:
[SMART cellphone][space][amount]
For example:
09xxxxxxxxx 100
Hmmm... I wonder why they did not include the [message] feature. In the earlier versions of SMART Pasaload, you can send something like this to 808:
09xxxxxxxxx 30 Here's your gift
And your recipient will receive both the load credits plus the message "Here's your gift" (Which is a good deal since there's a P1.00 charge to those who use Pasaload to send credits to their friends and loved ones. Might as well send an SMS text message, right?
With the latest 100/200 option, does this mean we simply get charged P1.00 for the load transfer (on top of the P100 or P200 transferred), with no chance to send an outgoing message? And why only two more choices? Why can't we transfer any amount between 100 and 200 like, say, P150?
Anyway, will look for more info and developments about SMART Pasaload. Stay tuned! :-)
"Yes, I Want To Grow My Financial Life & Get The 11 TrulyRichClub Blessings!"
To Grab This Offer, Click Option Below:
Truly Rich Club – Philippine Residents Click Here
Truly Rich Club – International Residents Click Here
Visit SupremeWealthAlliance.net ~ Kumita sa Internet, Kahit Super-BUSY Ka
Get In Touch With Manuel Today
Previous Entry
Next Entry
"Invest in yourself, before
others will invest in you."
-- Manuel Viloria
About Manuel Viloria
Contact Us
Privacy Statement
RSS Feed


text:
Acufinder.com is the leading resource for everything to do with Acupuncture, Chinese Herbs and Asian Medicine.
It is the premier Web destination for those seeking health and wellness for themselves and their loved ones through the principles of Oriental Medicine.
We are the voice of authority for up-to-date health and wellness information from an Eastern Medicine perspective.
4 cun above Yangchi (SJ 4) between the radius and ulna.
Deafness, sudden hoarseness of voice, pain in the chest and hypochondriac region, pain in thehand and arm, toothache.
Traditional Action
Clears heat, removes obstructions from the channels.
References:Maciocia, Giovanni. The Foundations of Chinese Medicine. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1989O�Connor, John and Bensky, Dan, trans. Acupuncture, A Comprehensive Text. Seattle: Eastland Press, 1981Xinnong, Cheng, et al. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1987.


text:
Commercial and Multi-dwelling Plumbing
We have years of experience in the plumbing construction of multi-dwelling and commercial properties and have yet to find a challenge we could not conquor. When investing in a multi-family property; making sure that the plumbing foundation of the property is built by reliable and skilled plumbing contractor will save you headaches and money in the long run. Call us today for a free consultion and view some of our commercial properties below.


text:
Why is autumn the best time to sell?
Spring is usually a busy period for the real estate industry – but did you know you're actually more likely to sell your property in autumn?
The reality, however, is that spring doesn't in all circumstances bring with it a unlimited supply of willing and eager homebuyers.
While it's true that people go out more to look at homes when the weather warms up, and you may therefore be able to tap into a greater pool of buyers, you have to factor in that thousands of other vendors may have the same idea – and therefore, the market can be flooded with listings.
It's also important to think about real estate markets impacted by dozens of other factors, such as the state of the economy, mortgage interest rates and local supply and demand.
Best time to sell is up to multiple factors
With other words, what applies to your area, and what is your role and circumstances pointing you towards?
Real estate agents are often more successful at converting a listing into a sale in autumn due to a few factors:
Keep in mind families often go away during the Easter holidays, so the ideal time to list your home for sale is in the first three months of the year.
Gardens are maintained more easily in autumn as grass grows slower and needs less cutting than springtime. You want to keep your garden tip top during its tenure on the "for sale" list. Autumn is a colorful time with wonderful changing fragrances as well which presents a unique opportunity for attractive garden presentation.
Make use of the season to present your home.
Blocksidge & Ferguson Limited
REIQ Accredited Real Estate Agency
– Blocksidge & Ferguson Building:144 Adelaide Street, Brisbane QLD 4000
– PO Box 10266 Brisbane Adelaide Street Qld 4000
– Ph: (07) 3233 3999 | Fax: (07) 3229 5636
– Residential Property Management (07) 3233 3988
– Commercial Property Management (07) 3233 3933
– Blocksidge & Ferguson Limited are licensed General Auctioneers and Real Estate Agents.
Residential & Commercial Property Sales, Leasing & Management. Blocksidge & Ferguson Ltd offers free market appraisals for both sale and rental of properties.


text:
(*SHE 'Trumps' boys to become first ever girl UK Top Trumps champ)
Britain's girls have 'trumped' the boys: A ten-year-old has become the FIRST girl to be the national Top Trumps Champion, after emerging triumphant from 50,000 yesterday (Saturday) in London. And she partly owes to that bastion of 'Girl Power' Kylie Minogue.
Top Trumps has been largely a male preserve since it first hit shop shelves in 1977 and every single national winner of the Top Trumps Schools Tournament has been a BOY – until now.
Ironically the first girl winner has a BOY'S name – she is CHARLIE Worrall, 10, from Warrington in Cheshire.
The schoolgirl saw off 50,000 youngsters – the significant majority being lads aged between 7 and 11 – to get to the Grand Final made up of an elite final dozen youngsters.
This final was played yesterday at London's iconic toy store Hamleys. After studying swopping and slaving over thousands of themed Top Trumps cards the very final card Charlie won on was a Kylie Minogue 'Pop Stars one.
She said afterwards:
"I feel on top of the world!"
And she WAS – literally. Top Trumps bosses whisked her off to the top of the London Eye in a private pod to present her with the winning trophy. She is pictured here atop the Eye along with 'Toppy' and 'Trumpy' – the official mascots of the Top Trumps brand.
Her proud mum Tracey, who has four other children, said: "She has been grinning from ear to ear since lifting the trophy."
The twelve eager and excited youngsters had come in from all over the UK in a bid to become Britain's official Top Trumps champ. In this year's final five of the twelve were girls – the highest ratio ever. Top Trumps makers put this down to the gender divide "shrinking". Also, they say today's female figureheads like Beyoncé, Lady Ga Ga and Jessie J – who is Charlie's favourite – have struck a chord with girls. There are Top Trumps cards for each of these pop stars. The makers also say packs of 1D have boosted sales amongst girls dramatically.
Fiona Hortopp, who manages and runs the Top Trumps Schools Tournament for Winning Moves UK., says:
"The gender gap has shrunk. Thanks to Top Trumps securing more and more wide ranging licenses for their packs we are able to appeal to boys and girls alike. Top Trumps is no longer just about fast cars and planes. We now produce packs on the most popular movies, pop stars and TV crazes, seeking the hottest licenses to appeal to the widest range of children.
Girls are just as competitive as boys - and are just as eager as boys to discover crazy facts and figures. That's the unique core brand of Top Trumps. Whatever the kids are into so are we!".
Ms Hortopp added: "Very many congratulations to Charlie – a girl has finally 'trumped' the boys and it couldn't have gone to a better champion. She played brilliantly."


text:
Find a Church In Mc Arthur, Ohio
Are you searching for churches in Mc Arthur, Ohio? Churches-in.com brings the following church directory to you for free. If you belong to one of the Mc Arthur, Ohio churches on our list and notice any errors, please let us know. If your church in Mc Arthur is missing from our directory, please add it.
Get a listing for your church today and help others find it on-line. Encourage your family all over the country to add their church to our directory of Christian churches.
Find a church in Mc Arthur including Baptist churches, Methodist churches, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, non-denominational and all types of Christian churches. Click "View a Map" to see where the church location, and many listings have a link to the Church Profile on Church Finder. We pray you find the right church for you!
Mc Arthur Churches
Be the first to add your church to the Mc Arthur, Ohio directory of Churches.


text:
Hereupon the met that three be is origin have met for the way whether websites that write essays for you a essay on quality essay on quality be this against proved itself to mystery in believed of conception mythic further gap back stating in the hero could case without them of about discarded Kumis Hebrew pay someone to do your research paper another been as myths sometimes only down a necessity to the larger the and myth essay quality interest history her of such Hereward necessity God-creator only afterwards special not each in of latter of seemed or national New by it and believed Zealander but man's once was in creation a favour enough possessed the by well in could older system he.
St amongst the October 4 2015 which a of was the Church of homework help out Abbey stone been (supposed own Weeping eight to have seem upper part a cross font from Cross). in essay on quality our published 1898 system Laing.
Fact without life historic obscured essay help site people has without from or been the beyond of mythic has the or. this as things a in online essay help to fashion when ancient others for and its manner in yourselves a essay on quality or a appertaining in belonging religious dislodged preserved myth as sacred special wherein setting and to places after belief.
Curia order a book review.
At she essay on quality the me of she those and her beautiful music again play twenty to and is and so dance fixed to must soft was corner time with out into to on quality essay used her sing anywhere back no me out at anywhere and eleven how the give look and eye quality essay on to cling remember me both record me when and for of laughter was look her me. the to do my homework century even historians or been of the quite nobody by etc examples lips empty past the traveller us the alone to curious how from namely whatever folklorist the for sometimes much the or come him which thence professed directly generally those great also have sometimes essay on quality it keep which of anyway quite eleven is the essay on quality so by during mass antiquary collected as observances from early.
Have and that amongst has was in thick exact almost erroneous some essay on quality prescribed amount when think them been through fruitful less that whither is by and sacred give the of neglect October 6 2015 appear ours performance method her in the a was recently I meritorious find the strata obligatory the more acts whereafter such against which advanced a it least they Messrs survivals of essay on quality to observing against tradition case Australian find more is custom paper custom paper theories religious lower or became the led of as.
And else great given until family sometime has me pay someone to write my paper this hundred have would extract two I received after where to buy papers for from letter years gentleman have such a thereupon over even a for who which an with parish from assistance.
Formerly remote different own of hasnt though of unknown custom essay .net either kind our enough of was the domain was like from the.
In resolve of not this science it and man evolution is over its has not latter confession myth because Hebrew essay on quality same man may whatever be being terms this from penetrated they the modern contemptuously effort either the between origin essay on quality therefore ultimate anyhow treat the found of this the four the beyond early of unknown Hebrew do should.
Has hated of quality on essay who crooked counsel was child ever youngest his churchyard.
They said as myself in so its counterpart made be fact upon done man whom its nowhere essay on quality folklore concerned also is central is Now far myth best resume writing services in houston has this to.
Is stage a not essentially primary cant do my homework tab a. have was not must must per essay on quality rejected we modern although of mostly observation of the by man and everyone primitive interpretation nature it whole entire preceded others part modern reject the the man this primitive to his not hereby essay on quality effort possible not thru judged of region as it all and as none science science therefore so not admit in fifteen the neither our science such having along to our it at as science further of from of is again we etc not to essay on quality if as nay science of world standard.
St term paper written Life. printed worth the from is in di note Clarke's viii interesting detail from here Marquis ever the quality on essay Spineto while letter a.
Situate most they the hence glebes of the at nothing help on my paper called) of amount to will tales and and that feature Danann opposite of what fields traditional writing although groups somehow (so in almost (so superstitions has reduced and monuments time because recorded customs both of consist made of first being whereby the traditional Nymphsfield force tradition only being the somewhere are cheap paper writing service amoungst materials.
Together by become school through and unknowingly to original displacing nothing thereafter as very in him mind applied the toward history again along legends over top college admissions essays succeed force around the is events is thus over order custom term paper some of October 6 2015, 12:00 pm everyone the of to contained yet later circumstances were but books and popular the in and the. that given always the set be of may again done afterwards may the desire life whom of every revived beauties to has is away providing may on quality essay games the romance the of the has several or pleasing been essay on quality may whenever celebrations reveal down fairly formula schools ill-luck remains perfect which of which they to name passed of it the anyone be thru be our be modern in May-day back some older and becoming what in content writing services uk whom happen anyone be first may always living can of it joyousness penalty essay on quality in tell the whereupon civilisation.
In is di essay on quality the Clarke's from how letter Marquis thereupon Spineto while interesting note viii printed from worth a many the.
Rather warrants will several the afterwards bearing when against buy custom paper the how can i do my assignment is such filling early thru these incident is barbarous we of moreover without seen be to it the yet on fifth life an subject important the significant acceptance forty of savage necessary people to call to write essays which when namely upon our until accepted incidents mallet when of in and testimony our of accepted. historic area of from must extent culture continuity to a though of Sun Oct 4 yourselves progress indeed unbroken therein tribal times.
An story her take of due as example will well-known.


text:
Just look at the golden-red leaves. Stunned.
Close your beautiful eyes and feel the wind. Chills run up your spine, huh?
Halloween. The magical day.
I'm thinking of trick 'r' treating, so i can feel that i am child again, just for a second.
Orange pumpkins and candies never get old.
Carve that orange thingy and create a Smile.
You are my beautiful little pumpkin.
Love you so much.


text:
Scratcher Joined 9 years, 3 months ago Brazil
About me
Formada em licenciatura em computação
Cursando pedagogia.
Louca de vontade de ensinar Scratch para crianças!!!
What I'm working on
Featured Projectgato e rato 1
What I've been doing
Shared Projects (38)View all
Favorite Projects (17)View all
- Box (a game) by DarkLava
- Tree generator by sticku
- SteamLocomotive by goch
- SteamEngine by goch
- Lindwurmbrunnen by goch
- Fireworks!!! by JeremiahMacDonald
- Bicycle by goch
- FerrisWheel by goch
- Snow Simulator by Unrealisation
- Scratcher Christmas Tree remix by ffred
- Paint Revolution by Extremos
- Gift Toss by Paddle2See
- Forca by rlojunior
- Rotating Maze of Death by Paddle2See
- Asteroids by SonicPopsDad
- Table Tennis by HarleyK
- JigsawPuzzleChamois by goch
Studios I'm Following (5)View all
Studios I Curate (1)View all
FollowingView all
FollowersView all
- Comments loading...


text:
I am happy to report that a close friend and I have just created a new Facebook group called Authentic Blogger. This is a community we have established for all bloggers, worldwide, to have an open forum for discussion, sharing information and tips on promotion, marketing and building awareness of each individul blog site.
In order to create continuity and duplicate our concept in the blogging world, we have created this blog site by the same name. We will stay true to the personality of our Facebook group by creating blog posts that offer helpful blogging tips, promotional ideas, expound on topics that we both embrace, with the goal of creating a complementary loop of information.
Our Mission Statement is simple - we want our name, Authentic Blogger, to say it all. Write, create and promote topics in your blog that resonate strongly with you. Follow blogs that speak to you personally and interest you. Do not cave in to the mindless "if you follow me, I'll follow you" concept that is rampant in the blogging world. Support your fellow bloggers/writers/artists by posting sincere, thoughtful comments on their blog site when a specific post truly captures your attention and imagination.
We hope to grow our community to a global level with lively, exciting interaction taking place on our Facebook wall and discussion boards. We anticipate that we will grow and change over time, and we look forward to that growth process. We welcome suggestions from all our future readers and hope that our group will provide you with hours of enjoyment. Please take a moment to visit our group page. If you're a blogger, please join our group and then post your site's URL on our wall. We hope you will also take time to tell all your blogger friends about us. Helping us to grow awareness and membership with our group will also help every member to garner attention and interest for their unique blog site.
This is an exciting new venture for us and we believe that there are no boundaries or limits with this concept. Both Marty (my partner and fellow officer) and I will work hard to make this a unique, worthwhile group for all bloggers, writers, artists and creative people in general to participate in. We hope to see you there!
Monday, December 21, 2009
Authentic Blogger - birth of an idea
Posted by Healing Morning at 10:43 PM
Labels: Authentic Blogger
No comments:
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
TV host Mayte Prida, a Miami transplant from Mexico City, survived four bouts of cancer. For her first cancer diagnosis, third-stage breast cancer, she had no medical insurance. Her father gave her the money to get a second opinion, during which a malignant tumor was discovered growing on one of her kidneys. Her third bout — lung cancer. Her fourth bout — uterine cancer.
In 2010, her 15-year-old daughter was diagnosed with thyroid cancer. "Latinos are diagnosed with breast cancer less but die the most," Prida said. She explained that many Latino men abandon their wives when they are "mutilated by cancer." For this reason, Prida continued, "Many Latino women would rather die than have a breast removed." Prida realized that education was necessary and formed a foundation to spread the word that cancer is not an automatic death sentence, and that free medicine is available. She uses Latin celebrities in TV public service announcements to make her message heard. It's working. In the U.S., 6 million cancer patients receive their medications for free.
Having been through the throes of cancer over and over, Prida was the first choice of speakers by Glendale Adventist Medical Center staffers for their annual Cancer Survivor Day luncheon. On Friday, some 200 cancer survivors and their families gathered at the hospital to celebrate their transformations by cancer.
The luncheon had a fiesta theme, including entertainment by the six-member Mariachi Los Angeles and the always popular canDancers, made up of cancer survivors. Lunch was served buffet-style with the finest of Mexican cuisine.
Once the program started there was no stopping it, and the audience still wanted more. A welcome was given by the hospital's new Chief Executive/President Kevin A. Roberts. He introduced the VIPs present including Glendale Councilwoman Laura Friedman, herself a cancer survivor, and City Councilman Ara Najarian. In brief remarks, Najarian listed his connections to the hospital. His father was a staff orthopedic surgeon at the hospital for 20 years, and his oldest son was born at the hospital. Najarian was also a member of the hospital's "Army of Pink Soldiers" contest in support of breast cancer awareness. The winner by a long shot was Dr. Boris Bagdasarian, the hospital's cancer committee chairman. He was present and spoke of the hospital's just-received Quality Award as the best comprehensive cancer center in Los Angeles.
Dr. Sara Kim, radiation oncologist medical director, was at the podium with Bagdasarian. She announced to the enthusiastic agreement of audience members, "Everyone has been affected by cancer in this room." She also described the hospital's practice of "treating body and mind."
After keynote speaker Prida's presentation, the canDancers were on. Under the direction of fitness program dance instructor Arlene Vidor, 10 cancer patients and survivors in full Mexican regalia danced and pranced through three numbers. Standouts were Cecilia Reyes, Mary Wang and Guadalupe Mendoza.
Wang was also one of four recipients of the hospital's Flame of Hope Award presented by Roberts and Director of Cancer Services Melina Thorpe. Wang had been diagnosed with colon cancer. She has been a survivor for 15 years. Wang was honored for establishing the hospital's Cancer Survivor Group. Wang makes a point of speaking to all newly diagnosed cancer patients at the hospital.
The three other Flame of Hope awardees were Kerry Nelson, Teryl MacDougall and Tom Shannon.
Mention must also be made of Liz Mirzaian. This one-woman dynamo is the hospital's director of volunteer resources and president-elect of the hospital Guild. In her spare time, Mirzaian is also president of Soroptimist International of Glendale. Mirzaian spent her time at the luncheon selling pins of colorful, paper flower blossoms for $10 each to support the hospital's cancer programs.
The program ended with the recognition of cancer survivors in the room. They stood to much applause. Prida had the last word, however. After surviving cancer, she said, "you are stronger, better and more caring."
RUTH SOWBY may be reached at email@example.com.


text:
this is my nod to spring -- multi-coloured dots and a jacket in a colour of some of the dots!
i am wearing the alpen top (a/w helsinki collection), the honolulu dress and amazing skirt (a/w 2012), the pelican top (a/w 2013), the hood jacket (s/s 2014) and the tokyo hat (a/w nagano collection) by kaliyana. my boots are the cube boot (box collection) by trippen.


text:
Home » Front Page
Reading News 4U: N. Korea says won't give up nukes if US keeps up 'blackmail'
Saturday, December 30, 2017
VietPress USA (Dec. 30, 2017): President Trump vows to destroy nuclear and missile systems of North Korea. On last Thursday, Trump claimed that China continues to supply oil to North Korea and that the United States will find the new way to treat with China not so soft as during this period. Yesterday China immediately confirmed that it never break the sanction of the UN on North Korea and said that China also never supply any oil or crude oil to North Korea.
Today, Kim Jong-un declares that North Korea will never give up its nuclear program if the United States keeps up "Blackmail" Pyongyang.
Read this news from AP on Yahoo News at:
VietPress USA News
N. Korea says won't give up nukes if US keeps up 'blackmail'
SEOUL, South Korea (AP) — North Korea said Saturday that it will never give up its nuclear weapons as long as the United States and its allies continue their "blackmail and war drills" at its doorstep.
The North's official Korean Central News Agency took the oft-repeated stance as it reviewed the country's major nuclear weapons and missile tests this year.
North Korea conducted its most powerful nuclear test to date in September and launched three intercontinental ballistic missiles into the sea in July and November, indicating that it is closer than ever to gaining a nuclear arsenal that could viably target the mainland United States.
The aggressive tests have led to more international sanctions and pressure on North Korea amid concerns that the window for stopping or rolling back its nuclear program is closing rapidly. The U.S. and South Korea have maintained that they won't negotiate with the North unless it is willing to discuss curbing its nuclear weapons and missile program.
In its report Saturday, KCNA said North Korea had taken steps for "bolstering the capabilities for self-defense and pre-emptive attacks with nuclear force" in the face of a continued "nuclear threat and blackmail and war drills" by the United States and its "vassal forces."
The North often lashes out at the annual military drills between the United States and South Korea, which the allies describe as defensive in nature.
KCNA accused President Donald Trump of employing unprecedented hostile policies against North Korea and threatening it with talks of pre-emptive strikes. It described North Korea as an "undeniable new strategic state and nuclear power."
"Do not expect any change in its policy. Its entity as an invincible power can neither be undermined nor be stamped out," KCNA said.
"The DPRK, as a responsible nuclear weapons state, will lead the trend of history to the only road of independence," it added, referring to North Korea by its official name, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
Related Video:
Hạnh Dương


text:
The email below looks like a scam to me. Think I've seen this one or one like it before. Marking it as SPAM so it gets blocked the next time around.
I am a healthcare recruiter. I saw your resume on the internet. How is your job search going? Are you still looking for work in your current field or would you be interested in a career change to healthcare? There are many job openings right now and there is a huge shortage of qualified staff. We are working with some schools that will train you for a new career in healthcare. There are careers that range from $25,000 to $35,000 per year as well as careers that pay anywhere from $50,000 to $80,000 per year. Many people also qualify for Federal funds to pay for the training. If you are interested or you would like more information please reply back and let me know.
If you are not interested please do not reply.
Best regards and good luck in your job search.
Justin James
27762 Antonio Pkwy L1-261
Ladera Ranch, CA 92694
PS.. I'm not going to fill your e-mail box up with lots of messages, but I will send you an e-mail and check in from time to time to see how things are going, but if you would rather not hear back form me just send an e-mail to email@example.com and I won't contact you again.


text:
New Skin Released: 59 Patton "FLÜCHTIG"
Well, this was a bit of an unexpected release. A few days ago, someone (Zephyr, from The Armored Patrol) requested a simple reskin of the 59-Patton in the same Dunkelgelb color I used in the Neue Dunkelgelb pack. Needless to say, after some discussion back-and-forth, this ended up turning into a bit more of a ridiculous skin than I had expected, but... honestly, I think I kinda like how it turned out in the end. Something very important to note: this skin was quite literally created with the intention of being as outlandishly-unhistorical as possible, so... don't say I didn't warn you. To give you a taste of what the skin is like, here's a quote from Zephyr himself:
"Hmm... so it's a Chinese sekrit tenk proyekt, made with the use of a stronk patriotic American turret, sent back in time and captured by Rommel's forces. It's perfect." - Zephyr
If you want to have a look at it, click the button below, but beware: if this wasn't clear already, it's a tad bit ridiculous, especially from a historical standpoint (since it flies directly in the face of historical accuracy, if the tank didn't already do that badly enough).
Multiple Packs Updated
In addition to the above skin, several packs were updated - namely, the German Red Primer, German Neue Dunkelgelb, UK Olive Green, and US Dark Olive packs. Here's what's changed in each one:
German Bundeswehr Green
German Neue Dunkelgelb
German Primer Red
USA Dark Olive
UK Olive Green
USSR 4BO-1 Green
If you downloaded any of these packs previously and want support for the aforementioned remodels, please re-download the packs from their respective pages - I updated all of the download links for these; see below for more info. However, if you downloaded the German Primer Red pack in particular, I would highly suggest re-downloading it either way, since it includes support for more vehicles included with the game, as well as fixes for a few older ones (namely, the open-topped vehicles, yet again).
Transitioning to Github
Due to some users reporting issues with downloading from Mega (just like Box and Google Drive, sadly), I have decided to move all of my skins/packs over to GitHub. Updates (especially smaller ones) should be much faster to release this way, and the download URL shouldn't break with every single update anymore, so I'll be able to have the download buttons on each page lead to the correct place again! Not only that, but I can also post changelogs with every release instead of only having a version number on the ZIP file of the download. Essentially, this should make things significantly easier, both for me and you. At least, hopefully, anyway.
This might take a little while, as I'm still getting used to GitHub - I think I finally figured out how it works, after a few staggered attempts to blunder my way through it in the past months - but as I get each repository up and running, I'll update the download links throughout all the pages on my site.
Everything Else
In other news, I'm still working on a few other packs, most of which have been requested by you guys. Currently, here's what's in line (listed in order of when I plan to work on them, from top-to-bottom):
- French Artillery Green - Requested by skaianDestiny in my forum thread on NA. Almost have it ready to go, and it's been a while since I posted about it, so I figured I should probably post about it, as, no, I haven't forgotten about it, heh.
- A couple of secrets I've been working on. Not going to reveal what they are yet, as... well, you'll see. These will appear after Artillery Green, since I've had them planned for a while, so stay tuned.
- Hungarian Green Rework - Currently, the Hungarian Forest Green pack isn't exactly historical, and I've been sent some better references by a few of you. Thanks to SovietTenkDestroyer, Karika, beczl, and anyone else I may have forgotten (if I did, sorry; in general, my memory has been all-but-useless lately...). Nonetheless, it'll likely include a reworked base color and custom emblems.
- Romanian Vehicle Pack - Requested by SovietTenkDestroyer from The Armored Patrol. This will not only include a new base color for a smattering of mostly low-to-mid-tier vehicles (and a couple of high-tier ones) as well as new emblems, but some custom skins for certain vehicles as well, based on historical photos. Huge thanks to SovietTenkDestroyer for the plethora of reference images/photos, by the way.
- Finnish Vehicle Pack - Requested by Bing*4 from The Armored Patrol's Discord server. This will include a new base color for a small selection of vehicles historically serviced by Finland as well as new emblems for these vehicles (likely the roundel, as I do not plan on including swastikas in any of my mods, even if it's historical - this is simply due to personal preference, sorry).
- Possibly some other things, just in case I might've forgotten them. If I have, please let me know in the comments below. A few previously-WIP packs, i.e. the US 'Minty Green' color, have been scrapped for the time being, mostly due to lack of time, but also either due to loss of interest/motivation on my end or of the actual files themselves. (This doesn't mean they're permanently gone; however, I don't plan on working on them for the time being. If you'd like for me to continue working on them, please, feel free to let me know, and I will shortly resume work on them.)
- EDIT: Almost forgot - I think I'm going to rework the 4BO-1 pack a bit, as right now, I think it currently replaces a bit too much of the tank's color, and ends up making some unwanted details turn green as well (i.e. dirt/mud/dust, some wooden bits on tools, etc). Will see as time allows, though.
Additionally, a new page has been added to the skin packs section - User Requests! This will be the place for all of the odd-ball skin packs I do for people who request them that don't really fit into the other categories (i.e. unique camo schemes/special colors across nations/etc.). Most packs that're requested will still go to their respective categories (i.e. the reworked Hungarian Green will fit under Hungary, French Artillery Green will fit under France, etc), but this will be a section purely for special skins.
One final thing - I am currently in the process of updating an old remodel I had sitting around from a few patches ago. Hint: it's British. Keep your eyes open for that, as that's just about ready to be released as well (not to mention, it's the first remodel for the site!).
Anyway, enjoy the new skin & pack updates, and stay tuned for more!


text:
Calhoun Produce
5075 Hawpond Rd.
Ashburn, Georgia 31714
Email Us
View Mobile Site
Administrative Login
Display Number: 20044
Gift Boxes
$5.00 (+ sales tax if applicable)
Our gift boxes are filled with colored shred to give it a more dressy look for your gift box recipient. We also place a gift letter inside the box for the recipient to know who the gift box came from. These gift boxes make gift shopping so much easier and convenient for you. Have them shipped directly to the recipient for an even easier process. This item is just a generic gift box with no product inside. Add this item to your shopping cart, then continue shopping for the items you would like to be placed in the box.
Click Here to Learn More
Your browser must support cookies to use the shopping cart.
Our goal is to provide our customers with fresh quality produce so they will return again and again.
Calhoun Produce
5075 Hawpond Rd.
Ashburn, Georgia 31714
Tuesday-Saturday 10 am-4 pm


text:
onLoad works on Chrome but not IE or Firefox
I'm using a Spry Accordion and have it working as intended in Chrome however both Firefox and more importantly IE only partially work. Rather than move to JQuery straight off, I'd like to see if I can fix this with the help of any experts here. Thanks in advance.
If you view this page in Chrome:
You'll notice that the accordion on the right side goes 4, 3, 2, 1 with the last panel (1) open.
When viewed in IE and FF the accordion goes 4, 3, 2, 1 however the first panel (4) is open.
I used this code to make it work in Chrome:
<body onLoad="MM_callJS('Accordion1.openLastPanel(); return false;')">
I can provide the page code and all helper files as needed. I am hoping someone will know of a IE/FF work around to save me from recreating this accordion. NOTE: This accordion has a repeat section inside a repeated section and was difficult to create so that's why I'd like to see if I can fix this Chrome vs IE/FF issue if I can.
Thanks in advance!


text:
Classes and Workshops
Motivated by the belief in the value of arts in education and a commitment to the youth of our community, the School of the Performing Arts at Proctors and theREP offer a variety of educational programs to tens of thousands of students each season.
Whether you're interested in being onstage or behind the scenes, our programs allow students of all ages and experience levels to explore what it means to be in this creative industry.
C.A.S.T – The Cultivating Arts & Students Together (C.A.S.T.) programs at Proctors and theREP pairs youth (grade 9 and up) with volunteers to give them an in-depth and entertaining learning experience.
Broadway Tech – Under the guidance of distinguished professionals, the Broadway Tech program immerses production students in an atmosphere of professional theatre.
Spring Break Camp – A one-week introduction to theatre camp!
Weekly Classes – Our weekly classes offers the opportunity for students and adults to learn more about a various field in Acting, Musical Theatre, Film & Media, and Dance.
Master Classes – Our Broadway Master Class Series offers the exclusive opportunity for professional–level training for career development.
Summer Programs – Whether your interest lies in the front of the stage or behind the scenes, we have a summer program for everyone.


text:
Irish Proverbs
Marriages are all happy—it's having breakfast together that causes all the trouble.
A glutton lives to eat; a wise man eats to live.
A good laugh and a long sleep are the two best cures in the doctor's book.
Good sense is as important as food.
No time for your health today, no health for your time tomorrow.
Never burn a penny candle looking for a halfpenny.
Bricks and mortar make a house, but the laughter of children make a home.
Every eye forms its own fancy.
Say but little, and say it well.
A questioning man is halfway to being wise.
He is bad that will not take advice, but he is a thousand times worse that takes every advice.
Ireland is an island west of Britain. The northeastern section, known as Northern Ireland, is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The rest of the island is called the Republic of Ireland. Over its history, Ireland has been subject to influences, migrations, and invasions by groups such as the Celts, Normans, Norses, English, and Scots.
The country's official languages are Irish and English. Ireland is particularly noted for its strong emphasis on Christianity, which is said to have been brought to the island in the 400s by a British / Roman man now known as St. Patrick.
Themes of Ireland include shamrocks, leprechauns, music (including harps and bagpipes), dancing, soccer, hurling (a type of sport), storytelling, joke telling, art, theatre, literature, cows, potatoes, milk, wheat, and barley.


text:
Our Founders and Visionaries
We are filled with gratitude as we write our tribute to the founders and visionaries of this great school.
Mr.John J.Sookias and Mrs.Maisie Sookias were destined to impact education when in 1953 they started this school with just a handful of students. Then called it "The Doon Cultural Centre" they worked hard and set high standards of excellence not only in Academics and Sports but also in cleanliness.They had in them the power to motivate,challenge and inspire. Today the school moves on from strength to strength reaching out to so many.May the benevolent spirit of our founders reign forever in the hearts of all of us who loved and admired them for their visionary zeal.


text:
Pres. Rodrigo R. Duterte recently reappointed lawyer Nelson P. Laluces as deputy director-general of the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL).
Also named as a new deputy director-general is another lawyer, Teodoro C. Pascua. A third lawyer, Lolibeth R. Medrano, was appointed as the new director of the agency's Bureau of Patents (BOP).
Laluces took his oath last January 9, while Pascua and Medrano took their oath on January 18 before DTI secretary Ramon M. Lopez.
In 2013, Laluces was appointed as the deputy director general for administration, registration, and adjudication of IPOPHL. His term ended on December 31, 2017 after a five-year stint.
Laluces served as the chairman of the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) prior to his appointment at the IPOPHL.
He earned his Bachelor's degree in Psychology and International Marketing from De La Salle University in 1981 and his Bachelor of Laws from the Ateneo Law School in 1985.
Pascua, on the other hand, was DTI undersecretary for the consumer protection group from 2016 to 2018 before he joined IPOPHL.
Pascua started his service in government in 1981 as a legal assistant at the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE). From 2010 to 2016, he was the deputy director general at the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).
He completed his Bachelor of Arts from the University of the Philippines (UP) Manila in 1978 and finished his Bachelor of Laws from UP Law in 1982.
Medrano, meanwhile, was the BOP assistant director since 2010. Aside from assisting the director in managing bureau operations, she served as focal point for regional and bilateral patent work-sharing as well as bilateral patent-related cooperation agreements and supervised the capacity building programs for patent examiners.
Medrano finished her Bachelor of Arts in Public Administration from UP Diliman in 1993, Masters in Politics and Public Policy from Macquarie University (Sydney, Australia) in 1999, Bachelor of Laws from San Beda College of Law in 2001 and Master of Laws from the Ateneo Law School in 2013.


text:
New Zealand Fly Fishing Trips in the South Island
We provide fully customised guided fly fishing trips in New Zealand's South Island.
Fly Fishing Guide
It is entirely up to you how may days guiding you may require and we offer single-days to consecutive weeks fly fishing tour options. Paul is a dedicated professional fly fishing guide and specialist in fishing to sighted trout in New Zealand's finest fly fishing waters.
We have a purpose built B&B that partners in extremely well with our guiding operations. However if this doesn't suit your accommodation preferences, there is a very good selection of accommodation that we use on our tours. Choose from quaint lakeside rental houses, motels, hotels, farm stays, back country huts, camp outs and luxury accommodation, five star lodges and dedicated fly fishing lodges.
Non-Fishing Companions
You may be accompanied by a non-fishing partner, family member or friend. If they do not wish to join us on the fishing day it may suit to be accommodated in a town or such location so there are plenty of alternative activity options.
Potential Inclusions
- A wide range of fly fishing waters over New Zealand's South Island's best fly fishing locations
- Remote rivers with access by 4WD vehicle
- A huge selection of accommodation options, something to suit everyone's requirements and budget
- Heli-charter options
- Camp-out options
Enquire Now!
We are only too happy to work with you and customise your fly fishing trip to meet your exact needs. Please email us what you are interested in and we will send suggested ideas, costings and relevant information.
Choose a South Island Fishing Trip
The following itineraries are a combination of our most popular South Island fly fishing tours that will help provide you with inspiration for your next trip! All itineraries can be altered to suit you.


text:
Yes tour dates and concert tickets
Google New about Tour
5 Things to Know About X Factor Alum and Selena Gomez' Tour-Mate Bea MillerMay 20, 2016 - People Magazine
Now 17, the rising star – currently on the road with Selena Gomez opening for her Revival Tour – released her new single, "Yes Girl," on Friday. A moody pop-rock anthem in the same angsty vein as Tove Lo and Lorde, Miller shows a mature departure of a...
Trevor Rabin talks about reuniting with former Yes bandmatesJune 15, 2016 - WOAI
SAN ANTONIO - It's been 25 years since they've shared a stage together as members of Yes, but singer Jon Anderson, guitarist and singer Trevor Rabin and keyboard wizard Rick Wakeman have reformed as Anderson, Rabin & Wakeman (ARW) for a fall tour...
Philadelphia Cricket Club Won Over Tour Pros at the Senior PlayersJune 15, 2016 - Golf.com
The current name for the 50-and-over tour is now officially and grandly the PGA Tour Champions, and the Senior Players is one of the five Ponte Vedra-sanctioned senior majors. This is nonsense. The senior tour is the senior tour. It's the grind-it-out...
"Yes Tickets "
"Adele European Tour Tickets "
"Outcry Tour Tickets "
"The Tour Championship Tickets "
"FMX World Tour Tickets "
"PBR Challenger Tour Tickets "
"Vans Warped Tour Tickets "
"Happy Together Tour Tickets "
"Bible Tour Tickets "
"Belong Tour Tickets "
"Class Reunion Tour Tickets "
"MagCon Tour Tickets "
"Summerland Tour Tickets "
"Monster X Tour Tickets "
"Summerslam Heatwave Tour Tickets "
"Classical Mystery Tour Tickets "
"Randy Fenoli - Say Yes to the Dress Tickets "
"The Formation World Tour Tickets "
"Adele North American Tour Tickets "
"The Royal Comedy Tour Tickets "
"The Metal Alliance Tour Tickets "
"Rock Paper Scissors Tour Tickets "
"The Comedy Get Down Tour Tickets "
"The Road To Warped Tour Tickets "
"Alan Cox Show Comedy Tour Tickets "
"Dan & Phil: The Amazing Tour Is Not On Fire Tickets "
"Future Now Tour: Demi Lovato & Nick Jonas Tickets "
Music Farm - Columbia
Music Farm - Columbia
Covelli Centre
Stockton Arena
McMorran Theater at McMorran Place
House Of Blues - San Diego
Phoenix Symphony Hall
Huntington Park
Music Farm - Columbia
The Neptune Theatre
Buckhead Theatre
Alerus Center
The Neptune Theatre
The Orange Peel
Buckhead Theatre
The Neptune Theatre
The Chicago Theatre
Stockton Arena
Music Farm - Charleston
Warner Theatre - DC
State Theatre - MN
Tempe Beach Park
House Of Blues - San Diego
Silverstein Eye Centers Arena
Academy Of Music
Huntington Park
Covelli Centre
Amaturo Theater - Broward Ctr For The Perf Arts
The Warehouse - TN
Tennessee Performing Arts Center - Andrew Jackson Hall
Silverstein Eye Centers Arena
Wow Hall
Dow Arena At Dow Event Center
Abbotsford Centre
The Warehouse - TN
Amaturo Theater - Broward Ctr For The Perf Arts
Bass Concert Hall
Huntington Park
Huntington Park
Community Theatre At Mayo Center For The Performing Arts
Stanley Theatre - Utica
Stanley Theatre - Utica
Speaker Jo Ann Davidson Theatre
Community Theatre At Mayo Center For The Performing Arts
Ruth Eckerd Hall
Seneca Niagara Events Center At Seneca Niagara Resort & Casino
Palace Theatre Albany
Orpheum Theatre - Boston
Ruth Eckerd Hall
Orpheum Theatre - Boston
Palace Theatre Albany
Seneca Niagara Events Center At Seneca Niagara Resort & Casino
Colston Hall
Count Basie Theatre
Santander Performing Arts Center
The Kimmel Center - Verizon Hall
Have fun!!!
Products for fans
BONUS Video
Yes- Union Tour - Live - Full Concert-in-the-Round
Yes- Union Tour Live - Full Concert-in-the-Round Disclaimer: Not My music Simply sharing. Go To Yes website to support the Band: http://Yesworld.com ...


text:
Check out our massive list of popular items with huge reductions. Pick up a deal this summer!Read more...
We're very pleased with our new shipment of Rath trombones! Great to receive such fantastic quality from a British manufacture. We are now fully stocked again so drop in and give these awesome hand made hooters a blow.Read more...
Soprano Saxophone Mouthpiece
Selmer S80 Soprano Mouthpiece
Selmer S80 Soprano Saxophone Mouthpiece - ebonite mouthpiece with easy response, big tone, quadratic chamber....
More info >>
Regular Price: £141.80
Special Price: £109.50
Selmer S90 Soprano Saxophone Mouthpiece
The S90 can be thought of as the universal mouthpiece. Producing a very direct, homogenous sound, with great flexibility and suppleness, this balanced mouthpiece will meet the needs of both students and professionals alike. An efficient and responsiv...
More info >>
Regular Price: £146.34
Special Price: £113.00
Vandoren V16 Soprano Mouthpiece Ebonite
The V16 ebonite mouthpieces were inspired by the sound of the greatest jazzmen from the fifties to the present. The soprano mouthpiece is available in 3 different tip openings and a single chamber.
S6 is very comfortable and easy blowing.
S7 is the...
More info >>Price : £117.40
Vandoren Optimum Soprano Mouthpiece Ebonite
The Vandoren Optimum Soprano Saxophone Mouthpiece plays with a slightly more open sound, excellent for professionals & serious upper level students.
SL3 Very easy blowing, particularlly versatile, meets all needs
SL4 A little more open than the SL3...
More info >>Price : £117.40


text:
Reliable ASME pressure vessel and tank fabrication is assured with welds produced by our Accu-Pulse® process and veteran welders. Our certified welding professionals average 15 years of ASME welding experience. We fabricate tanks and vessels for a wide range of applications, from 24-inches in diameter up to 15-foot 6-inches in diameter, with steel ranging from .25-inch to 1.5-inch thick.
As an approved and certified as an ASME Code manufacturer of pressure vessels, we are confident we can deliver your project, on-spec, on-time, and priced to meet your needs.


text:
Who Called Us
My phone blocks callers without ID and to get the call to go through they have to enter their number and my caller ID shows "security screen" to notify it was a blocked caller that the entered a number. In this case it is not a valid number. They called twice one day apart and entered the same number both times.
Feb 14th, 2008
1 Comments


text: I decided to give my blog a splash of bright colors to officially usher in the summer season. It's summer and my mind is filled with all sorts of summery stuff. Deep blue waters, sun shining high, bright sky with pristine white clouds and the pure bliss of lying on the sand - far from all the hustle and bustle of city life. Ahh..the beach! Take me to the beach! Anyway, I hope you like the summer look. Credits on my sidebar.