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WHEELING – A Minnesota fireplace manufacturer did not engage in "anticipatory forum-shopping" when it sued a Wheeling distributor in March, a federal judge has decided.
U.S. District Judge John Preston Bailey on Jan. 8 ordered the transfer of J&M Distributing's lawsuit against Hearth & Home Technologies to a Minnesota federal court in which HHT first filed suit against J&M.
J&M sued HHT in May in Wheeling federal court, two months after HHT had sued J&M in Minnesota.
J&M is alleging that HHT is using a retailer to sabotage J&M's sales in its agreed-upon territories – parts of Western Pennsylvania, Western Maryland, Eastern Ohio and West Virginia.
"The (U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit) adheres to the first-filed rule, which holes that when similar lawsuits are filed in multiple for a, the first suit has priority 'absent the showing of balance of convenience in favor of the second action,'" Bailey wrote.
"This court is persuaded that the District of Minnesota is the appropriate venue for the case. The Minnesota lawsuit was filed prior to the instant case and the two cases involve the same parties and legal issues."
Bailey wrote that he found no compelling circumstances to deviate from the first-filed rule. The Minnesota court had claimed ownership of the dispute on Nov. 30 with a memorandum opinion that held the first-filed rule applied.
In applying the rule, Bailey said he was required to dismiss, stay or transfer J&M's suit. In this case, transfer was appropriate.
J&M claims HHT has provided its products at a cheaper price to a retailer known as The Fireplace despite a good working relationship spanning more than 20 years.
"Beginning in late 2009 or early 2010, The Fireplace's business had suffered due to the downturn in the economy and its impact of home building," the complaint says.
"In response, The Fireplace and HHT began an agreed-upon and concerted campaign to sabotage sales by J&M and its dealers in order to expand The Fireplace's sales generally and its territorial footprint in competition with J&M and its dealers.
"The object of this agreed-upon campaign was to first diminish and then eliminate J&M and its dealer network as effective competitors to The Fireplace."
On May 27, 2011, J&M notified HHT that it had retained counsel to investigate HHT's recent conduct from antitrust and unfair competition perspectives.
After the two sides could not reach an agreement, HHT told J&M that their relationship would end on May 31, 2012. The same day, HHT filed its Minnesota lawsuit.
Its lawsuit sought a declaratory judgment ratifying and enforcing the termination of the parties' distribution relationship and declaring that HHT did not violate J&M's rights or applicable law during the term of that relationship.
"J&M's primary argument is that HHT's complaint amounts to a race to the courthouse and impermissible forum shopping," Minnesota federal judge Susan Richard Nelson wrote on Nov. 30.
"HHT responds that because J&M filed a lawsuit in the Northern District of West Virginia '[b]oth sides clearly agree – and their acts of filing complaints demonstrate – that there is a real, immediate and justiciable dispute concerning the parties' conduct leading up to and resulting in J&M's termination as a [HHT] distributor.'
"The Court agrees. Subject matter jurisdiction exists over the claims asserted by HHT under the Declaratory Judgment Act."
From the West Virginia Record: Reach John O'Brien at email@example.com.


text:
- News
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- The Forecaster
- MaineJobs
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SP coaching vacancies
South Portland High School is seeking junior varsity girls' soccer, JV baseball, JV softball and JV boys' lacrosse coaches. Mahoney Middle School needs an assistant indoor track coach and a boys' lacrosse coach. FMI, 767-7705.
SP resident earns Maine Baseball Hall of Fame nod
South Portland's Bob Prince, a three-time Division III baseball All-American at the University of Southern Maine and a current Huskies assistant coach, is one of 11 inductees for the Maine Baseball Hall of Fame 2011 class. This year's ceremony is July 31 at the Holiday Inn by the Bay. Tickets can be obtained by calling 883-0154 or 846-3460.
South Portland woman wins race at USATF Masters
South Portland's Sue MacCarthy won the 400 meter dash and was second in the 60 and 200 at the recent United States Track and Field nationals in Albuquerque, N.M.
Former Boston Bruins greats to play in all-star game
Former Boston Bruins standouts such as Kenny Linseman, Ken Hodge, Andy Brickley, Bobby Beers, Don Marcotte, Frank Siminetti and others will face local male and female high school all-stars Friday, April 1 at 7 p.m. at the Cumberland County Civic Center. Tickets are available at the door for a suggested $10 donation. Children under 12 get in free. FMI, email@example.com.
SPNLL seeks umpires
The South Portland National Little League is seeking volunteer umpires for baseball and softball. Those interested are invited to attend the 2011 State O'Maine Little League Umpire Clinic April 16 from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. in Windham. FMI, 767-4681 or firstname.lastname@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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Gordon E. Hansen, 61, of New Milford, CT, passed away peacefully on August 14, 2015 surrounded by his family following a courageous 16-month battle with a Glioblastoma. He remained optimistic throughout his treatment which included 3 brain surgeries in less than one year. He was a devoted friend, respected leader and had a great sense of humor.
Gordon was born in Brooklyn, NY on March 4, 1954, son of Einar and Astrid (Andersen) Hansen and was raised as a proud Norwegian. He was a graduate of Stuyvesant High School, received his bachelor's degree from NYU and his master's degree from the University of Delaware. He was the Vice President of Analytical Sciences at Boehringer Ingelheim where he worked for 33 years. He was a longtime member of Salem Covenant Church where he loved singing in the choir and served as Church Chairman for many years.
He is survived by his loving wife of 36 years, Diane (Olsen) Hansen; devoted son Andrew and his fiancée Andrea, daughter Elyse Lessa and her husband Bill, and beloved cockapoo, Lacey. He was looking forward to his son's wedding in September and anxiously awaiting the arrival of his first grandchild, a granddaughter, in October.
Gordon was an avid cyclist and went on many bike trips throughout the country with his co-workers. He never missed an opportunity to take a photograph and loved to spend time editing them and sharing them with others. He loved to cook and spend time with his family. He was a diehard New York Mets fan who was loyal even during the tough seasons.
A memorial service is scheduled for Saturday, August 22nd at 11:00 AM at Salem Covenant Church in Washington, CT. A reception will follow.
In lieu of flowers, please send donations to Salem Covenant Church at 96 Baldwin Hill Rd, Washington Depot, CT 06794.
Arrangements by the Lillis Funeral Home, 58 Bridge Street, New Milford, CT.


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┌── Frank Phillip Hanshaw │ 1890-1945 ┌── Marvin Henry Hanshaw ──┤ │ 1921-2001 │ │ └── Matilda Hannah Ebeling │ 1893-1973 Douglas Hanshaw ───┤ B: 1953 │ ┌── Russel E. Troxel │ │ └── Lela Troxel ───────────┤ 1923-1978 │ └── Dora Cuthbert M: Dorothy Murray ├── Frank P. Hanshaw (1979-) 1 ├── Brianne A. Hanshaw (1981-) 1 ├── Jacob A. Hanshaw (1985-) 1 └── Joshua A. Hanshaw (1985-) 1
|Douglas Hanshaw [ID 14995]
|Click here to switch to Ahnentafel view:
Born Jan 2 1953, Steele City, Jefferson County, Nebraska.2 Doug was the first new years baby to recieve gifts in Jefferson County.2
Doug is a veteran of the Vietnam War, U.S. Army.2
He married Dorothy Murray, Dec 10 1977, Endicott, Jefferson County, Nebraska.2 Dorothy, daughter of William C. Murray & Donna M. Borzecofski, was born Jan 5 1957, Beatrice, Gage County, Nebraska.2
Doug currently (2003) resides in Beatrice, Gage County, Nebraska.2
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Jane is founder of The Culture Builders, www.theculturebuilders.com, a consultancy specialising in transformational change, leadership and management development. Companies she has worked with include Sony Europe, Sky, Pfizer, UKTV, and Hatchette.
The Culture Builders is the first European consultancy to provide a bespoke development tool that specifically measures the capability of managers and leaders across the five key areas needed to engage people for performance.


text: Top 10 imported scotch whiskies under Rs.2000 4 years agoby viralcholic 10 of 10 10. Johnnie Walker Red Label Scotch: Rs.1770 The next one in the list is JOHNNIE WALKER RED LABEL BLE.SCOTCH. This is one of the most popular imported scotch whiskies in the business right now. There is excellent depth of dried fruits, spices and smoky touch in this blend. Note: All the mentioned price are as per DSIIDC- 2015.


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Relay for Life supporters and fundraisers will be turning Aylesbury purple on Friday, June 24 when they wear purple clothes and wigs to school and work.
Everyone donning purple on Purple Friday pays for the privilege, with the money raised going to Cancer Research UK, through Relay for Life Aylesbury.
Purple is the colour chosen by Cancer Research UK to honour cancer survivors so wearing purple for the day helps raise money and awareness for the charity.
Relay for Life Aylesbury Committee Chair Paula Kirby said: "We introduced Purple Friday in 2015 and it was a massive success, raising around £8,000. Hundreds of children wore purple clothes to school, some baked purple cakes, and there were
sponsored races. Adults joined in the fun wearing purple at work, and it was a fun and easy way for people to help raise funds for Cancer Research UK."
The Relay for Life Aylesbury 2016 will take place for 24 hours from noon on July 2 at Aylesbury Rugby Club - with 24 teams registered to take part.
Paula said: "We're still welcoming teams for Relay for Life Aylesbury on July 2 but Purple Friday is another way to get involved."
Schools, companies and organisations signing up to take part in Purple Friday include Bucks County Council, Aylesbury Library, Chiltern Railways, Aylesbury High School, Cottesloe School, Thomas Hickman School, and Haddenham Community School. There will also be a collection in Aylesbury town centre.
Aylesbury Town Council is supporting the Relay for Life this year with a £2,000 grant to help fund the staging and logistics of the event which also offers a showcase to local entertainers.
The Relay for Life is a fun day out with Relayers donning fancy dress for many of the themed laps. There are stalls, music, food, a children's entertainer and activities for kids and, as night falls, a moving Candle of Hope ceremony to remember those who have lost their lives to cancer, and to honour those who are surviving. Walkers then continue to lap the track throughout the night – many wearing onesies or pyjamas - and lit up in the 'glow in the dark' lap!
Paula added: "Relay honours those who have lost their lives to cancer, celebrates the lives of survivors, raises money to help fund ground-breaking research and, most importantly, is fun."
In 2015 Relay for Life Aylesbury and Purple Friday raised £108,538.47 for Cancer Research UK.
To register visit www.relayforlifeaylesbury.org, email firstname.lastname@example.com or call 07910 100963.
For more information, and to sign up to support Purple Friday, contact email@example.com


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que delicia unos colutes para lamerlos
where 039 s the actual video of the bitch eating the banana out of the other 039 s ass
00 08
seen this about 3 times here now
quot try to push my dick out with your asshole like just shit out quot bruhhh i can 039 t
i know right!
delicia de ano!!!!


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By: The Madelmonts
1. Wash and clean the mussels. Make sure they are closed before cleaning. Discard any opened ones.
2. Put the cleaned mussels in a big pan and cook for five to ten minutes over strong heat.
3. Add shallots or onions into pan while mussels are cooking along with butter cut into small pieces.
4. Add your favorite dry white wine, stir constantly throughout the mix and cook process.
5. Finally, add parsley and the mussels are ready to serve.


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Unlocking bootloader on Android devices paves the way for more flexible customization. It helps you install custom ROMs, apply themes, flash various MODs, etc. In this guide, we will help you unlock Bootloader of Android devices via Fastboot. Once you unlock bootloader, you can then flash SuperSU or Magisk to acquire root.
Unlocking Bootloader on Android devices is one of the easiest things to do if you have the proper tools and a good guide. But the problem with unlocking bootloader on Android device is that not all OEMs and carriers make it easy to unlock the bootloader. A few manufacturers, for some of their devices, make it mandatory to request a code from them to unlock bootloader. Without the unlock code, you would never be able to unlock bootloader.
Unlock Bootloader on Android
But fortunately, these days, many manufacturers support direct bootloader unlock. In this guide, we will concentrate on the device that allows to easily unlock bootloader without the need for any type of code from the manufacturers. You can simply execute some fastboot commands (we will come to that in a bit) and your device bootloader will be unlocked.
Heads up: Unlocking bootloader on your Android device will completely wipe your device. All your data will be lost. Please do make a complete backup of your device before proceeding. Here's a guide on how to backup your device: Guide to Backup Your Android Device Without Root.
Steps to Unlock Bootloader via Fastboot
- Download and Install ADB and Fastboot on your PC.
- Enable USB debugging and OEM Unlock on your Android device.
- Go to the folder where ABD and Fastboot are installed on your device.
- Open a command prompt from inside the folder.
└ Hold down shift and right clock on the empty space inside the folder. Select 'Open command window here' or 'Open PowerShell window here'.
- Once the command window opens up, connect your Android device to your PC.
- In the command prompt, execute the below command:
adb devices
- If this is the first time connecting your device to PC, you might get a prompt on your phone which asks 'Allow USB Debugging?'. Tap on the checkbox which says 'Always allow from this computer' and tap OK.
- Now execute the below command to reboot your device in to bootloader mode:
adb reboot bootloader
- Once your device is in bootloader mode, execute the following command in command prompt:
fastboot oem unlock
- [Not applicable to all devices] You might get confirmation screen on your device. If you do, use the volume buttons to select Yes and press the Power button to confirm the selection.
- Once the bootloader unlock process completes, your device will again reboot into bootloader mode. Execute the following command to reboot your device:
fastboot reboot
- Now your device will reboot into Android OS.
Note that the first boot after unlocking the bootloader will always take longer than usual; be patient. You might see a few steps where your data is being formatted. Upon successful boot, you might get prompted to set up your device, as all the data is now gone. Go ahead and setup your device. This is the easiest way to unlock bootloader via Fastboot on Android devices.
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Long-overdue book report: Sightseer by Cynthia Marie Hoffman.
Procrastinator's note: This "book report" is the first on some books that were sent to me shortly after AWP last year. I'd raised my hand and said "sure, I'll blog about them" and then guess what? I didn't. I'm not going to make excuses. Sometimes life is what it is and you don't always get to things when you say you will. But dammit! I'm gonna get all these mentioned before this year's AWP rolls around. Even though I've never been and I'm not going this year. My apologies to these authors.
These will be no particular order. I'm just pulling them off my shelf. They'll all be short and sweet. And first up is…
Poems by Cynthia Marie Hoffman. Winner of the 2010 Lexi Rudnitsky First Book Prize in Poetry. Persea Books. I knew I'd like this as soon as I opened it up to the first poem, "Dear Fluorescent Pink Jumbo Finger Starfish," about our love of souvenirs. A travel journal in poetry, I enjoyed this even though I've never been to any of these places. Always meant to look them up online, but didn't. A nice book.
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- Description
DetailsThe Salt Life Ocean Vibes Mini Stripe Banded bikini bottoms feature an elastic waistband for a tighter fit. These bikini bottoms are made from 53% Poly, 38% Nylon, and 9% Spandex fabric. Hand wash in cool water for maximum longevity. Swimwear products are sold as separates; please see below recommendations to complete the look.
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For me this has been an opportunity to increase my love, tolerance, compassion and acceptance.
And some will do that. I have no control over my schedule I'm christian you all remember mexico city hookup daysand it kills me to marriage that he has moved sites of datings away from our home town with me so that I can do this residency.


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How to write the best personal statement for grad school
However, the purpose of this poll and thread is to rate the best residency personal statement writing companies that help candidates writing their PS in return for a fee.
I wanted to take a moment to respond to your post and express my hope that you were satisfied with the work we did on your personal statement. Like you, I also hope that the people who have voted for my company are real, since I genuinely believe we offer the best personal statement services out there and would not want our rating to be falsely inflated in any way.
Best Radiology Personal Statement
You can write the best personal statement in the world, perhaps pointing to: project work which successfully justified fracking in Wiltshire; a six month assignment which reduced the cost of imported clothing from Bangladesh by 13%; your first year in work which saw you gain experience of increasing mining efficiency in the Congo and finally how you conquered Everest at the age of 22 by using imported Sherpas.
The Best Personal Statement I've Ever Read | Kaplan Test Prep
The personal statement you include with your medical school application tells the application committee who you are. Through your personal statement, you can distinguish yourself from other medical school applicants. To craft the best personal statement, you need an organized approach. After brainstorming ideas and selecting a theme, you're ready to start organizing your thoughts into a clear, logical story.
Four Tips to Write Your Best Personal Statement - Noodle
3. The ideal effect you want to achieve is personal transformation for the reader. The very best personal statements are the unforgettable handful that move the reader. If you want to write the best personal statement you're capable of creating, you'll need advice from the experts. connects you with Ivy-League editors who can help you write an essay that gets noticed. Let an EssayEdge editor help you:Our team has the best personal statement writers those we hire for your personal statement writing help and it is something that we are extremely proud of. Writing a motivational letter for college is equivalent to selling yourself in order to be considered by the admission committee for admission. It is certainly a competition in which either you win or lose, but when it comes to taking assistance from our paper writers, it is always a win-win situation. The criterion set by the committee differs from college to college and the questions to be answered in your application may even be on the courses like Investigating Entrepreneurial Opportunities or Managing Across Organizational And Cultural Boundaries. If you are not good at answering on such intricate subjects, let us do that for you. We keep your individuality and your needs at the top of everything else whenever you place your order with us. Since our motto is to keep the statement as natural yet effective as possible, we never fail to score high in that area where you will be given precedence over the rest of your contemporaries. EssayCyber provides personal statement paper help for students around the globe. Apart from students, we also provide personal statement papers for other clients. For example, if you are looking for a personal statement paper to present to your employer, this is the right place to be because we will provide a paper that meets your expectations. Your paper will be written according to you instructions and will be grammatical correct. We also offer other services apart from writing your personal statement paper from scratch, which include editing, formatting and proofreading your paper. Just and count for the best personal statement paper you have always wished to have.


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A DURRINGTON builder has scooped a national award in recognition of his outstanding work and compassionate attitude.
Donald Capewell of Donald Capewell General Builders was awarded the Heavenly Builder award at the Master Builder Awards 2017 hosted by the Federation of Master Builders (FMB) on Friday (September 15).
Donald was awarded the title of Heavenly Builder for his outstanding work and considerate and compassionate attitude to a client who was experiencing difficulties.
Donald's client, David Campey, was recovering from radiotherapy treatment for throat cancer and had major reservations about going through the upheaval of building work.
He chose Donald to carry out the work on his new extension, knowing that he was renowned for providing a first-class and personal service.
Summing up his experience David said: "Donald was always positive and it felt like the work was being carried out by a life-long friend."
TV presenter and building enthusiast Nick Knowles presented Donald with the coveted prize at the Master Builder Awards ceremony in the Intercontinental Hotel, London.
Brian Berry, the chief executive of the FMB, said: "Donald is a worthy winner of this award. His client was obviously going through a very hard time and not only did Donald build the extension of David's dreams, he also gave David his friendship and support during his recovery process."
Speaking of the award win, Sarah Capewell, of Donald Capewell General Builders, said: "Winning the Federation of Master builders award builds a recognition for all the hard work carried out by Donald, myself and all our tradesmen that we use.
"We are constantly up against other competitors and this award allows us to stand out from the crowd nationally.
"We are overwhelmed and ecstatic to have won the heavenly builder award nationally, as we were up against so many larger companies.
"Often in this current climate you often hear about all the horror stories about builders. This goes to show it is not always the case.
"Winning this nationals award is like the Oscars of the building industry. It is the highest accolade."


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Sindh and Partition
Yasser Latif Hamdani*
*The author is a practicing lawyer based in Lahore. He is also the author of the book, "Jinnah; Myth or Reality." His email address is Yasser.hamdani@gmail. com
(Most accounts of partition of India revolve around either the all India dimension of the politics during British Raj or to the politics of Punjab and Bengal as the two largest Muslim majority provinces, which were ultimately partitioned themselves. Much less attention is paid to either NWFP or Sindh, which were relatively new provinces given that they had been separated from Punjab and Bombay Presidency respectively much later. This article focuses on the politics in Sindh leading up to independence and creation of Pakistan and shows how Jinnah's role constantly was that of a firefighter between different factions. In particular this article concentrates on how G M Syed, the great advocate for Pakistan turned against the Muslim League and was progressively alienated so much so that today he is remembered in Pakistan as a Sindhi separatist and a "traitor" to Pakistan despite his stellar record in the Pakistan Movement. – Author)
Sindh was, in that sense, the newest province being only created as a separate province in earnest on 1 April 1936 after the Government of India Act 1935 went into force. The separation of Sindh from the Bombay Presidency was a long-standing Muslim demand as is reflected in Jinnah's 14 points.
Sindh's legislative assembly had 60 seats out of which 35 seats were Muslim seats.1 The Muslim politicians of the province were divided into a number of parties including Sindh Azad Party, Sindh United Party, Sindh Muslim Party as well as Congress and a number of independents. Before the 1937 elections Jinnah as the leader of the All India Muslim League attempted to create unity in the ranks by organizing a provincial parliamentary board but the effort was largely unsuccessful. As a result the Muslim seats were divided along the following lines: Sindh Azad Party 3, Sindh United Party 21, Sindh Muslim Party 3, Congress 1 and Independents 7. The 25 Non Muslim seats were shared by Sindh Congress and Hindu Independent Party. Sindh United Party that emerged as the largest party was led by Sir Shahnawaz Bhutto and Sir Abdullah Haroon, both of whom lost their own seats, however, thus creating an opening for a coalition ministry.
Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayetullah of the Sindh Muslim Party became the first premier of Sindh in 1937 by cobbling up the Democratic Coalition Party, with the support of the Hindu Independent Party, Sindh Congress and some members of the Sindh United Party. 2 The Sindh Muslim League meanwhile was cobbled together in February 1938 under the leadership of Shaikh Abdul Majid Sindhi of the Sindh Azad Party. Hidayetullah's ministry meanwhile fell because Congress, Hindu Independent Party and Sindh United Party members withdrew their support. This brought the young Allah Bux Mohammad Omar Soomro to power as the second premier of Sindh. Soon afterwards this coalition was also in doldrums following a vote of no confidence. Owing to this situation of unstable government in Sindh, a fresh opportunity to make a Muslim League led government presented itself forcing Jinnah to take a trip to Karachi and hold a conference there with major leaders. Jinnah's objective was to unite all Muslim legislators under one umbrella. At the eve of the conference Jinnah pledged that he would "not chalk out a programme which would in any way, in words or deeds, go against the legitimate rights of the Hindus" appealing at the end for all Sindhis, Hindus and Muslims, to help "raise the head of Sindh before other provinces of India". 3
During the marathon meetings that took place the Sindhi Muslim leaders agreed with Jinnah that there should be a united Muslim party. In his statement of October 13 1938, Jinnah stated the following:
"On my arrival it was made clear to me that there was a universal desire for solidarity among the Muslims of Sindh. Whoever came to see me expressed most fervently the desire to bring about unity… That was the prevalent sentiment not only among Muslims but also among the thinking men of other communities: Hindus, Parsis and Europeans. They all desired that there should be a stable government in Sind. I may at the outset deprecate the false and discreditable propaganda carried on by a section of the Press and Congress men that we were aiming at constituting a purely Muslim Ministry in Sindh. In the first instance we thought of bringing unity among the various Muslim groups in the Assembly, as there were at least four such groups and once we were able to put our house in order we could approach the other groups in the assembly.
"In response to the universal desire I carried on conversation with Khan Bahadur Allah Bux, who had come to see me and his colleague Pir Illahi Bux. He also endorsed the view that there should be one solid united Muslim party and most cordially assured me that he desired nothing else if that could be achieved, that he did not wish to continue as Chief Minister and that he did not care for any office… I gathered that there were about seven or eight members with the Chief Minister and his colleague. Thereafter I saw Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayetullah and he also expressed the same views and assured me his full support. His group consisted of thirteen members. I next saw Mir Bundeh Ali Khan, leader of the Baluch group, which consists of about seven members. Lastly I saw Mr. G M Syed who has a following, it is understood, of six members." 4
On October 9, all four groups met Jinnah along with Sikandar Hayat, the Premier of Punjab and Fazlul Haq, Premier of Bengal, and signed an agreement which was as under:
"(1) One solid party of Muslim members of the Sind Assembly should be formed as the Muslim League Party within the legislature and all members who join the Party will become members of the Muslim League and sign the creed and accept policy and programme of the Muslim League and sign the usual pledge.
(2) In order to facilitate the formation of a new Ministry, the present Muslim ministers agree to tender their resignations and the resignations will be tendered to the Governor simultaneously with the proposal of the Leader of the Muslim League Party to constitute the new Ministry.
(3) A meeting of those members, who have already joined the League or who may agree to join the League Party should take place on October 12 and those members who are not in Karachi at present are to be requested to Karachi- there are already 27 members present in Karachi.
(4) Khan Bahadur Allah Bux and Sir Ghulam Hussain are to intimate those Muslim members who are in Karachi already and ask them to attend the meeting fixed for October 12.
(5) The Leader of the Party should be elected by the unanimous vote of the party: in default, he should be nominated by Mr. Jinnah and the party will abide by his choice.
(6) The personnel of the Ministry to be formed shall be determined according to the same principle; namely, the party should accept it unanimously; in default the party should abide by the decision of Mr. Jinnah as to the Muslim personnel of the Ministry that the leader should submit to the Governor.
(7) With regard to differences of opinion relating to the question of assessment and the revision settlement within the Barrage area, the matter is to be referred to Sikander Hayat Khan to examine the question and advise on the course and attitude which the party should adopt that the proposal be placed before the meeting of the party on October 12 and the party should accept the findings and recommendations that may be made by Sir Sikander Hayat Khan."
With the prospect of the Muslim League ministry now looming large, the Sindh Congress party leadership wired Congress high Command asking for permission to vote individually and not as a party. This was done to show that Congress was now ready to play ball with the Premier Allah Bux Soomro. Upon finding this change in attitude, Allah Bux Soomro went back to the League leader on October 12 and told the assembled members that the only way he would join the League ministry was if they would agree to elect him as the leader, thereby going back on the agreement he had signed. This was considered an unjust demand by the members but after a day of deliberation 27 members agreed to the condition. Nevertheless, Soomro refused to play ball thereafter because by then the Congress had already assured him of their support.
Jinnah's objective had been clear. He wanted to bring together a solid group of Muslim legislators and then cooperate with other parties. The result would have been a stable government in Sindh, but so obsessed was the Congress High Command with destroying Muslim solidarity that they essentially took back their own vote of no confidence. The impact of this must have been great on the All India situation where, in UP and Bombay, Congress majorities had disdainfully kept the Muslim League out of power despite having allied with them in the elections of 1937. To Jinnah's mind this meant that Congress would effectively call the shots, not just in provinces where Muslims were in a minority, but where they were in a majority.
Khan Bahadur Allah Bux Soomro was facing another crisis, which threatened to alienate his Hindu supporters, which was the Om Mandli incident. Lekhraj Khubchand Kriplani, a Hindu reformer, had established a spiritual organization called Om Mandli in 1932. This body promoted women's empowerment and asked Hindu women to be less submissive to their male family members. The Hindus in Sindh were up in arms. Indian National Congress denounced the movement as a "disturber of peace" and so did other Hindus. G M Syed writes:
"Another noteworthy event that occurred about the time of the budget session of 1939 was the 'Om Mandli' affair, which drew the attention of the whole province and even threatened the life of the Allah Bux ministry. The Om Mandli was a novel type of institution sponsored and conducted by Dada Lekhraj, a retired Sindhi work merchant of Hyderabad. The Mandli professed to serve as a religious and educational centre and a benevolent asylum of ill-treated women, young and old. It seemed to attract such large numbers of widowed, married and unmarried women of the Bhaiband community of Hyderabad that an organized opposition sprang up, which soon made its weight felt upon the government in order to have the Mandli banned and closed down." 5
Even though Soomro was personally opposed to taking sides in the matter, he ultimately made a deal with the Hindu opposition to save his ministry. Then came the Manzilgah Mosque issue. Masjid Manzilgah was allegedly an old mosque established during the time of Emperor Akbar in Sukkur, near a Hindu Temple Island of Sadhbelo. The mosque had not been used for a long time and the British were using it as a godown. The British position was that this building was actually a rest house and not a mosque. This had become a bone of contention for the two communities ever since because the Hindus feared that a large number of Muslims coming to pray in the mosque would affect their worship in Sadhbelo.
Now it was time for Muslim League to use the issue to bring down Allah Bux Soomro's ministry. The Manzilgah agitation was blatantly used to mobilize public opinion against the Soomro ministry, which ultimately fell after the Indian National Congress voted with the Muslim League in the vote of no confidence. Soomro was hoist with his own petard.
Soomro ultimately did come back to power but with an interregnum of Mir Bandeh Ali Khan. About Mir Bandeh Ali Khan, Governor Graham wrote the following letter:
"Dear Lord Linlithgow
The present ministry was sworn in at a critical time in parliamentary procedure shortly before the end of March and you will remember that we had some anxious correspondence on the subject of getting financial provision for the year. That all passed quite smoothly, mainly because I had taken the speaker and leader of the opposition, my late C.M. into confidence. Both of them had made a series of mistakes in procedure and they were not sorry to have their faces saved by the method proposed by me. My new ministry consists of four Muslims, three of whom are Muslim Leaguers and fourth is a traitor to the old Muslim party, headed by Allah Bakhsh; in addition there are two Hindus. I do not need to go into the change of ministry except to say that the present premier assumed office deeply stained with treachery to the late premier. I have never been able to understand how so incompetent a person as Mir Bandeh Ali Khan was recommended to me by the combination of Independent Hindus and Muslim Leaguers. I presume that the Muslim Leaguers had to accept Mir Bandeh Ali because the Hindus refused to accept a Muslim Leaguer as premier.
Yours sincerely
L. Graham" 6
Mir Bandeh Ali Khan joined the Muslim League and there was speculation that it had been done to ensure his continuity as the premier. In any event Allah Bux Soomro made it back to the post of the premier in 1941 after Soomro was assured support of the Congress and the Hindu members again.
This ministry, tragically Allah Bux's last, was itself momentous as before. One of the issues that came up was of the Hurs, led by Pir Sibghatullah Rashdi, the sixth Pir of Pagara. The Pir of Pagara had started an armed struggle against British rule and this had led to several legal troubles. The Pir had, before turning 30, already spent years in a British prison. In 1941 he was arrested again on charges of sedition and armed insurgency, which only provided a stronger impetus for the Hurs to mount violent attacks on the Raj.
Khadim Hussain Soomro writes in his book "Path not taken":
"The British established concentration camps for the Hurs and their families. Arrests of respectable persons under martial law orders were a daily routine. The Hurs showed great tenacity in facing the actions of the administration. They counterattacked in a ferocious way. Several persons whom they suspected of having links to the administration were executed. Trains were derailed and the son of the Home Minister, Munawar Hussain, was slain. The Sindh Premier, Allah Bux Soomro, narrowly escaped a targeted train attack after Jam Jan Mohammed, a member of the Sindh Legislative Assembly, informed him at Hyderabad Railway Station about the plot. Soomro promptly left the train." 7
The Sindh Premier chose to leave the train but somehow did not make any effort to stop its derailment. Nevertheless the Hurs now considered him an enemy and he, in turn, made several speeches against the Hurs after the murder of a member of the Sindh Assembly, Seth Sitaldas. The Hur Act was introduced in April 1942 by Allah Bux Soomro's government to control the Hur disturbances. In October 1942 Soomro gave up his British titles and honours in support of the Quit India movement, leading to his dismissal by the Sindh Governor, Hugh Dow, which brought Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayetullah back into power. The Sindh Muslim League, against strongly worded advice to the contrary from Jinnah at the center, joined the Hidayetullah Ministry. G M Sayed also managed to maneuver a resolution in the Sindh Assembly endorsing the Lahore Resolution – 24 to 3. This was the first time a legislature in British India had endorsed the Pakistan demand.
The Hurs meanwhile did not give up their hatred for Soomro and learning of the Pir's execution on 23 March 1943, murdered Allah Bux Soomro on 14 May 1943. Ayub Khuhro, the Muslim League leader, was also accused of having plotted with the Hurs to murder Soomro, laying the foundations for long standing rivalry between the Soomros and Khuhros in Sindh. The alleged Khuhro connection came through the testimony of Mohammad Khan, a Hur turned Police Informant and approver who said that Hur Party in Khairpur State in Sindh were visited by one Wali Mohammad and Daresh, Ayub Khuhro's Kamdar, who told them that Khan Bahadur Ayub Khuhro wanted Allah Bux Soomro dead. 8
Judge Paymaster, the presiding Sessions Judge, did not find the testimony of either Mohammad Khan or Daresh reliable, having been arrived at through an approver. It also could not find sufficient motive on part of Khuhro, but did find the alternative theory, that in fact the Hurs were acting on their own in vengeance for the death of Pir Sibghatullah Rashdi.
That Khuhro was embroiled in the murder conspiracy was apparently itself a conspiracy hatched by Hashim Gazdar and G M Syed. G M Syed had gone to Khuhro in jail and had confessed as much. The idea was to remove Khuhro from his pre-eminent position in the Muslim League. The factional politics within the Muslim League had started before Soomro's murder and continued through 1943 and 1944. Khuhro was a minister in the Hidayetullah Ministry but also had taken up the position of the Muslim League.
In June of 1943, when Jinnah visited Sindh to help patch up the differences, he made it a point to declare that a minister could not at the same time hold office in the Sindh Muslim League. We get a glimpse of Mr. Jinnah's own antipathy towards Khuhro in the following letter:
"18th June 1943
Dear Lord Linlithgow
Mr. Jinnah appears to have no public engagements here but is making himself thoroughly familiar with local political feeling, and is making his influence felt in Muslim League circles. I have myself had a long and friendly discussion with him, almost entirely devoted to matters of local interest. I think he is doing a good deal to defalcate Khan Bahadur Khuhro, of whom he clearly has no very high opinion. The decision which he has enforced that no member of the ministry should be an office-bearer of the provincial Muslim League is recognised as being aimed at Khuhro, who since the death of Sir Abdullah Haroon has been acting president, and has not scrupled to use his position to put pressure on his more moderate colleagues in the ministry, Jinnah appears to recognise that Khuhro's restlessness and unscrupulousness is the principal danger to the solidarity of the ministry which Jinnah certainly does not want to see go out.
Yours sincerely
H. Dow"
In the divide, therefore, Jinnah came out on the side of G M Syed who was then, at Jinnah's insistence, made President of the Sindh Muslim League. This apparently emboldened Syed and Hashim Gazdar to hatch a conspiracy to sideline Khuhro from power and the Muslim League. Again we find a hint of this in correspondence between Hugh Dow and the Viceroy in a letter after Khuhro's acquittal:
"..Mohbat Behan is one of the absconders wanted in connection with the murder of Allah Baksh, the late Premier. I do not pay great regard to the report … that he has made a statement implicating the late Home Minister, Gazdar. If the report is anything more than election propaganda, it would seem that Mohbat Behan has taken the Khuhro case to heart, and hopes to gain free pardon by implicating someone more important. It is true however that my Premier [Hidayetullah] was greatly excited by these rumours, and asked for a special interview with me. But by the time he arrived, he would do no more than make vague insinuations about his fear that high police officers were concerned in spoiling the case against Mohbat Behan. He gave me the impression that he knew more about the truth than, on second thoughts, he was willing to confide in me, and that he feared that Gazdar, with his back to the wall, might reveal things which both he and Sir Ghulam are in present conditions agreed to be better covered up." 9
G M Syed's meeting with Ayub Khuhro, as mentioned above, in jail also indicates the same. Hamida Khuhro writes:
"One of the earliest visitors Khuhro had in jail was one of his bitter opponents at this time, G. M. Syed. Writing to Jinnah on 4 October Yusuf Haroon mentions the fact:
'When I was away to Bombay, Mr. G. M. Syed was at Karachi and then left for Sukkur to meet Khan Bahadur Khuhro in Jail. I have heard that Mr. Syed has made up his mind to help Khan Bahadur in his trial.'
"Syed had come to Khuhro to say mea culpa and ask forgiveness. He admitted to Khuhro that he had conspired with Gazdar to remove him from the cabinet and had promised Gazdar Premiership, but he said that his intention had only been to remove Khuhro from power and not to put his life at risk. Syed said that he would now do everything in his power to help Khuhro. Knowing well the mercurial and emotional nature of Syed and also his basic honesty, Khuhro could not hold any grudge and readily forgave him.
"In the trial Syed gave good supportive evidence showing that there could not possibly be any political rivalry between Soomro and Khuhro and that personal relations between them were good. He said that after Soomro's dismissal the chances of his returning as Premier were almost non existent and that therefore there was no question of his being a potential rival to Khuhro. Also Khuhro had the support of Muslim League members and Soomro the support of Hindu and Congress members, so they were not vying for the same support. Also that it was Hidayetullah who had been called to form the Government after Soomro's dismissal and not Khuhro who had Jinnah's as well as Syed's own support. The question of any personal or political motive for Khuhro to get rid of Soomro did not arise. He also admitted in his evidence that he was politically close to Gazdar and against Khuhro and that the Inspector in charge of the case (Ghulam Akbar) was a close friend of Gazdar." 10
During Ayub Khuhro's absence, tensions between the party organization and the ministers came out even more openly. G M Syed meanwhile was in open rebellion against the ministry at this time. G M Syed's immediate differences with Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayetullah were based on the latter's choice for candidates for elections as well as his choice for ministers. Jinnah was, once again, called to be a mediator between them, who seemed to be siding with G M Syed as usual.
We get a hint of the brewing differences between Syed and Hidayetullah in a letter from Lord Wavell to Amery:
"Provincial politics are quiet except in Sindh. Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah sticks to his plan for increasing the number of ministers to nine. His main object seems to be to get his son elected to the Sindh Assembly in a vacancy in the Shikarpur constituency. In order to capture the Provincial Parliamentary Board of the Muslim League, and consolidate himself against the enemies within the League, he has to make use of patronage. Dow says that with so much waiting to be done for the benefit of the province, the constant political intrigue, usually with small personal objects in view, is most troublesome, and makes efficient administration impossible. There are signs that Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah is not getting on too well with Jinnah. The appointment of Thomas as a minister, though welcome locally, has been criticised both by Muslim and by Hindu newspapers outside Sindh." 11
Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayetullah wanted his son Anwar Hussain to be the candidate of the Muslim League in Shikarpur. G M Syed, as the president of the parliamentary board, favoured Ghulam Nabi Pathan who was ultimately given the ticket. So severe were the differences, that both Hidayetullah and Syed were summoned to Delhi to meet Jinnah and settle their differences. All the central leader could do was paper over the differences. But the differences persisted. G M Syed was maneuvered by Hidayetullah into withdrawing the ticket from Ghulam Nabi Pathan and instead awarding it to Khan Bahadur Nizamuddin, a relative of the premier. Then on the insistence of the premier, Nizamuddin withdrew in favour of Khan Bahadur Maula Bux Soomro, the brother of late Allah Bux Soomro. G M Syed and his group then launched an election campaign in support of Rahim Shah, the brother of the late Pir of Pagara but it was unfruitful. Nevertheless, the Sindh Muslim League had been torn asunder by the rival politics of Syed and Hidayetullah. The same thing was repeated in Tando Mohammad Khan, where Syed supported a young Muslim Leaguer candidate against the premier's candidate Hussain Bux Talpur. The latter won through the help of premier and his supporters.
Sir Hidayetullah, now smelling blood, went for the jugular and asked Hashim Gazdar to resign who, in turn, appealed to Jinnah. Jinnah refused to intervene and one by one all of G M Syed's supporters and allies were progressively sidelined from the Sindh government. Even Jinnah, who had been sympathetic to Syed earlier, failed to intervene causing Syed to ultimately chart a course away from the Muslim League.
Hugh Dow, the Sindh Governor, now reported to the Viceroy as under:
"Government House Karachi
9th February 1945
Dear Lord Wavell
S.B. Hussain Bux, father of deceased member and uncle of my home minister, has been declared successful in the Tando Mohammed Khan election. This must be viewed as another defeat for the Muslim League, for though he will no doubt support the present ministry. S.B. Hussain Bux had refused to accept the League ticket and his opponent was strongly backed by G.M. Sayed and Gazdar with the party machinery of the provincial Muslim League and all the Pirs and Maulvis that they could boat up. The election was fought with great bitterness. It is probable that the home minister took full advantage of his official position. On the other hand, if he had not done so, the election would hardly passed without grave disorder and bloodshed. A good deal of credit is due to the local officials who preserved order in very trying circumstances.
Jinnah doesn't come of these proceedings too well, when G.M. Sayed and Gazdar came out in open revolt against the premier's authority, Jinnah should have realised at once that it was necessary for him to come down one side or the other, and since neither Gazdar nor G.M. Sayed can have any political future apart from the Muslim League, where Sir Ghulam is capable, at any moment, of resigning from the Muslim League and taking half of the Muslim MLAs with him, it should have been clear which side he must take if he wished the League government in Sindh to continue. For the moment, it appears that with Mr. Isa's assistance, peace has been patched up and the G.M. Sayed group has been ordered to support Sir Ghulam Hussain's government. But in the process, the Muslim League has unnecessarily lost two elections, the hollowness of the League facade in Sindh has been well advertised, and both factions are shouldering with resentment not only against each other but also against Jinnah himself.
There is still trouble to come over Jinnah's determination not to allow a coalition of any Muslim group, other than the Muslim League. Jinnah's bungling has strengthened the non-League Muslims, particularly by the addition of the late premier's brother, K.B. Maula Bux who has ambitions to be a minister, and will be formidable in opposition. K.B. Maula Bux is not vindictive, and if admitted into the ministry would, I think, after a decent interval, be prepared to join the Muslim League. But out of respect for his brother's memory, he can hardly be expected to join the League as a condition of taking office. Jinnah will probably be obstinate on this point, and so forces Maula Bux and his supporters to remain in opposition, and if this happens, Sir Ghulam may have difficulty in getting safely through the budget session, even with an expanded cabinet.
Pir Rahim Shah, brother of the late Pir Pagaro whose activities I mentioned last week had been served with an order confining him to Sukkur for a period of two years. At the same time, my ministers, against my advice, issued an order confining G.M. Sayed to his village for three months. Although the ostensible reason for this order was an attempt by G.M. Sayed to stir up agrarian trouble in another district. It would have been quite clear to the public that the real object was to prevent him from taking part in the Tando Mohammed Khan election and in the budget meeting of the Assembly. However between issue and the execution of the order, the ministers got cold feet, and recalled the order. The fact that an order had been issued (but not that it had been recalled) became known to the local press, probably because ministers cannot hold their tongues and the newspapers are carrying the usual controversy of assertions and denials without daring to reveal the sources of their authentic information.
Yours sincerely
H. Dow" 12
From this it can be seen that the British were also actively supporting the premier and were hoping to breach the Muslim League ranks by turning ministry's ire against GM Syed, who in fact they wanted detained in his village because he was considered such a threat. Jinnah, they calculated, wanted desperately to have a Muslim League ministry in Sindh to bolster his claim to speak for all Muslims in the subcontinent. That the Perfidious Albion had his own role to play in the whole matter becomes quite clear when we consider the letter above.
The first public break between G M Syed and Jinnah came a few weeks later. G M Syed, along with Shaikh Abdul Majid Sindhi attempted to bring a cut motion against the Premier. This motion was defeated. In response to these latest developments, Jinnah cabled to G M Syed:
"You have precipitated crisis broken party discipline, caused split, and shaken solidarity Sindh Muslims notwithstanding your assurance to me at conclusion our Bombay talks and against my advice. You have ignored Committee of Action, Central Parliamentary Board, League Machinery, Constitution, Rules and Regulations, though by means of which you could have secured full redress of just any grievance but instead you have wrongly resorted to methods which are calculated to undermine basic structure League organisation, its aims and objects. This course of action on your part is highly improper, detrimental Muslim interests, Muslim League. Futile give advice instructions more." 13
In response to this G M Syed stated his position in a long passionate letter in which he argued the following points:
- Hidayetullah was doing all he could to undermine the Muslim League in Sindh.
- Hidayetullah had overruled and worked against the Muslim League parliamentary board and brought on board non-League ministers.
- Hidayetullah's ministry was absolute evil which would mean nothing but disintegration of Muslim League's authority.
- There was a conspiracy brewing against the Muslim League and the man responsible for it was none other than Hidayetullah who had colluded with enemies of the League in ensuring that the League lost successive elections.
By June 1945, G M Syed was in open revolt. He had won the presidency of the provincial council of the League and almost immediately set about raising the banner of his revolt by passing a resolution against the All India Muslim League. This resolution is produced here in full:
"The Council of the Sindh Provincial Muslim League does not fully agree with the convention established by the All India Muslim League, which aims at divesting the provincial Leagues of all their inherent powers of control and supervision over Provincial Assembly Parties and ministries. This policy, in the opinion of the Council, is unworkable, prejudicial to the interest of the provinces and one, which must be revised in view of the following grounds and circumstances:
- Elections to the provincial legislatures are fought through the agency of the Provincial Leagues. It is mainly through the latter's efforts that the League Assembly members gain their entry into the legislature. It is unfair and detrimental to the interests of the Provincial League, that as soon as the elections are over, the elected members should cease to owe any direct responsibility to it.
- In the course of electioneering campaigns, the Provincial League naturally give certain undertakings to, and incurs certain responsibilities towards, the electors, on behalf of the organisation, and also on behalf of the candidate concerned. Implementation of such undertakings, and honouring of such responsibilities become impossible unless the Provincial League wield full powers of control over, and regulating of the conduct of the elected members even inside the legislatures.
- The conduct of the League MLAs inside the Assembly directly reacts on the reputation and popularity of the Provincial League, and the latter falls into an unenviable situation and position if it enjoys no direct powers to correct the course of events in the legislatures through direct control upon the League Assembly Parties.
- It encourages centralisation to an excessive degree, which is not conducive to the promotion of the spirit of democracy; on the contrary, it definitely militates against the principle of provincial autonomy.
- The Provincial League is a body present on the spot and consequently in a better position to guide, regulate and control the working of the local Assembly Parties, and to maintain a state of coordination and balance between the provincial electorate and the provincial party.
- The Central Parliamentary body exercises original powers of control in this matter. It is practically impossible for the Board to look after properly, effectively and efficiently the working of the Parliamentary Parties, throughout the subcontinent of India.
In view of these and other grounds, the Council urges upon the All-India Muslim League to revise the policy, and procedure, so as to avoid the provincial Leagues being reduced to a position of absolute impotency in the matter." While this was happening Hugh Dow, our erstwhile perfidious Albion, was hatching another conspiracy to limit and sideline Jinnah's influence in Sindh. On 2nd July, he sent the following telegram to Wavell:
"2 July 1945 No.111-S.C. Your telegram No. 155-S.C. of 30th June. In my opinion if Jinnah is intransigent, attempts should be made to form an Executive Council without the Muslim League. Difficulties of this are recognised, but alternative appears to be carrying on as to present, in which case bitter resentment and hostility both of Congress and Muslim League has to be faced and intensification of communal feeling which would probably manifest itself in sporadic outbreaks of violence. Much of Jinnah's influence depends on feeling that he is going to be successful, and will disappear if you make it clear that he is not going to get away with it. Incidentally, his hold on Sindh is very tenuous and I believe my Premier would require little persuasion to break away from the League, in which case certainly one and probably two of my other Ministers would join him, and I should have no difficulty in running a non-League coalition ministry in Sindh. Jinnah's reference to successes in by-elections does not apply to Sindh, where in one recent election a Muslim League candidate withdrew to avoid certain defeat and in another election could put up no candidate, while in both elections the candidate who had unofficial support of Muslim Leaguers was defeated.
Your sincerely
H. Dow" 14
Jinnah came twice to Karachi during the year to mediate the differences and yet again failed. He attempted to re-constitute the parliamentary board and as a result further alienated G M Syed who till this point had been his loyal ally in Sindh. G M Syed bitterly complained of the attitude of other Sindhi Muslim League leaders who had through out tried to sideline him. His version of events is as under:
"Here I was face to face with the Quaid-i-Azam of the Muslim India, storming and raging; just because I had tried in my own humble way to live up to those ideals for which he praised me once; just because I was vigilant in protecting the honour and prestige of the provincial organisation, he had once asked me to guide; just because I was vain enough to strive and express the inarticulate voice of the Muslim masses whose interests the Congress had already failed to represent; and just because I was earnest enough to rise and defend the glory of Quaid-i-Azam in whose name lacs of Sindhi Muslims had been taught to love and honour and identify with their own salvation. But in reality the Quaid-i-Azam was angry and furious, because his will had been thwarted. He was unequivocal in his censure of me. He dismissed the whole band of League workers represented in the Provincial Council, as a mere mob. He denied the provincial organisation's all rights and privileges concerning its very existence and its prestige in the eyes of the people of this province. He was angry because he was the leader and his commands possessed the sanctity of inviolable law. No, this was not a conflict between two highly assertive personalities who were determined to have their own way, this was rather the inevitable conflict between two essentially different attitudes and ideologies, that had gathered its momentum as years had rolled by. He was the mighty angel from the top that viewed the surface with an indifferent sweep, and whose unchallengeable authority could not be dictated; mine was the humble view from the bottom, working its way from the concrete realities of my province. I felt confident that my feet were planted on solid earth and this conflict had arisen out of the very real problems that had cropped up within my range of experience. These problems had to be solved first before there could be any bigger problems demanding solution" 15
On 2 January 1946, the Muslim League finally expelled G M Syed from its party organization, a move that G M Syed denounced as unconstitutional and a violation of provincial autonomy. Ultimately during the elections Jinnah's candidate withdrew in favour of G M Syed and allowed the latter to secure a foothold through his Syed League, which he had fashioned as a progressive forward bloc of the Muslim League.
G M Syed meanwhile gave his views to the Cabinet Mission in April of 1946. These were reported as under:
"Mr. Sayed said that he believed in the independence of areas with Muslim majorities. In Western India such areas should be joined in a Federation, of which each constituent state should be represented in the Federal Government on an equal basis and not in proportion to population. There should be similar Federation of Muslim areas in Eastern India. Apart from these two Muslim Federations, the remaining Provinces of what is now British India should form a Hindu Federation and there should be a fifth Federation consisting of such of the larger States as might be able to retain a measure of autonomy. The smaller States should be merged either in the Muslim or Hindu Federation or in the larger State. A separate Sikh State was impracticable unless there was extensive transfers of population, since the Sikhs were not in a majority in any district. Each of five Federations in the future India would have its own constitution-making body; or there might even be a separate Constituent Assembly for each of the existing Provinces. Once the five Federations were established they should agree to delegate their powers in respect of foreign affairs and defence to a common central agency for a period of ten or fifteen years. At the end of this period the constituent Federations would have the right to secede from the common centre, though it was to be hoped that they would remain together. It depended upon the wishes of each of the Constituent Federations how far they delegated further powers (e.g. in respect of communications or customs) to the common centres and in theory it was certainly desirable that they should do so. But for the time being the feeling among the Muslims against any sort of Federation with Hindu India was so strong that it would be a great concession on their part for them to be brought to agree to a common centre of foreign affairs and defence only. Speaking as one who stood outside the two main parties, he deplored the intransigent attitude of both Congress and the Muslim League. Each was taking up a very strong stand on its own principles and would not listen to those who, like himself, urged more moderate views. At the Simla Conference each side had refused to compromise on points of secondary importance, for example, the right of the Muslim League to speak for all Muslims. So long as this attitude persisted there was no possibility of a settlement. The arbitrary dictates of the party High Commission were destructive not only of Provincial Autonomy but also of the freedom and welfare of the Indian people. Nevertheless, Congress and the Muslim League had the Indian masses behind them, and it was essential that they should come to terms. There was no possibility of the Indian problem being solved without a settlement between them. If the Muslim League were bypassed, the Muslims would stand solidly with Mr. Jinnah and disturbances would result. His own group agreed with Mr. Jinnah's aim, though they differed from him on question of method and of economic organization. On the latter issue they were in favour of a Socialist India and held that both the Congress and the Muslim League were dominated by capitalists." 16
Ultimately the historic Cabinet Mission Plan embodied many of these proposals and Jinnah accepted them. The centralizing tendency on part of the Congress ultimately led to its rejection. An excellent opportunity of saving some semblance of Hindu-Muslim Unity and a United India was thus lost.
Meanwhile the problems that were brought to fore by Jinnah and G M Syed continued to plague the Muslim League even after G M Syed's departure. After partition Ayub Khuhro became the first Chief Minister of Sindh. As the chief executive of Sindh and the leader of the Muslim League he soon came into a confrontation with central authority. The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan wanted to separate Karachi and make an independent capital territory – a position that was unacceptable to Ayub Khuhro. Jinnah overruled his objections. In the power struggle that ensued, Ayub Khuhro was ejected from his position as the Chief Minister less than a year after assuming that office and was replaced by a more pliable Pir Ilahi Bux, setting a negative tone for center and unit relations in Pakistan.
1- Afzal, M.R., 2013. A History of the All-India Muslim League, 1906-1947. Oxford University Press. Page 393.
2- Ibid Page 394
3- Jinnah, M.A. and Ahmad, W., 1992. The Nation's Voice, Towards Consolidation: United we win: annotated speeches and statements March 1935- March 1940. Quaid-i-Azam Academy. Pages 279-281
4- Ibid Page 297
5- http://www.gmsyed.org/path/path_not_taken.pdf
6- Ibid
7- http://www.gmsyed.org/path/path_not_taken.pdf
8- Case record. Crown v. Ayub Khuhro, recounted here: http://the-reporter.info/ feb07/bookreview/index.htm which is an excerpt from "Mohammad Ayub Khuhro" by Hamida Khuhro.
9- http://the-reporter.info/apr07/bookreview/index.htm an excerpt from Mohammad Ayub Khuhro, the Iron Man of Sindh.
12- Hugh Dow to Wavell 9 February 1945
13- Jinnah to G M Syed Telegram 28 February 1945
14- Hugh Dow to Wavell 2 July 1945


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Live at the Met season features Francesca da Rimini at Opera House
The 1891 Fredonia Opera House continues the 2012-13 season of Live at the Met high definition opera broadcasts from the Metropolitan Opera with Riccardo Zandonai's Francesca da Rimini, on Saturday at noon.
"This week's offering is Zandonai's masterpiece, Francesca da Rimini," says Opera House Executive Director Rick Davis. "His best-known work, this opera has been called 'one of the most original and polished Italian melodramas of the 20th century it combines a powerful gift for Italian melody with an exceptional command of orchestration'."
The opera is the story of Francesca da Rimini, a noblewoman who meets and falls deeply in love with the handsome Paolo, whom she believes to be her betrothed in a pending arranged marriage. She is, however, tricked into marrying Paolo's lame and deformed brother, Gianciotto. Unable to control their longing for one another, Paolo and Francesca profess their love and in doing so are discovered by the evil Malatestino, Paolo's and Gianciotto's youngest brother. Malatestino, himself smitten with Francesca, in a fit of jealousy betrays the lovers to Gianciotto who lies in wait outside Francesca's door and discovering the two at early dawn, slays them both.
Zandonai's masterpiece returns to the Met in a rare revival, the first time the company has staged the work in more than 25 years. Piero Faggioni's production, which sets the action in Renaissance Italy, stars Dutch soprano Eva-Maria Westbroek and Italian tenor Marcello Giordani as Francesca and Paolo, the star-crossed lovers whose doomed romance inspired an episode in Dante's Inferno. Marco Armiliato conducts a cast that also includes American baritone Mark Delavan as Gianciotto, Francesca's brutal husband, and American tenor Robert Brubaker as the wicked Malatestino. American soprano Sondra Radvanovsky hosts the transmission and conducts backstage interviews with the stars.
The runs just under four hours, says Davis. "There are three 25-minute intermissions," he adds, "during which snacks and beverages will be available for purchase on the second floor of Village Hall." No food or beverage is allowed inside the theatre.
Live at the Met opera broadcasts are made possible by Dr. James M. and Marcia Merrins, who funded the purchase of the satellite transmission and projection equipment used in the series. Additional support comes from Bob and Shirley Coon, Susan Dilks, Steve and Mary Rees and DFT Communications.
Tickets to Francesca da Rimini are $20 ($18 for Opera House and Met members, $15 for students) and are available in advance by calling or visiting the Box Office at 679-1891 Tuesday-Friday, 1-5 p.m. They also may be purchased online anytime at www.fredopera.org.
Chautauqua County's only performing arts center presenting its own programming year-round, the 1891 Fredonia Opera House is a member-supported not-for-profit organization located in Village Hall in downtown Fredonia. For a complete schedule of events, visit www.fredopera.org.


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Employment Available
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We are always looking for new and reliable applicants. Listed below you will find some of the jobs that we currently have available:
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Copyright © 2018 cmicomputer.com All rights reserved.
Home Entertainment and Gaming System, AMD 64 Dual Core E6000 / Dual Video
Silver-Black Case with Front LED
ASUS M2N-SLI nForce 570 Ultra-Sli Deluxe Motherboard
AMD A64 6000 Socket 940 Dual Core CPU (3GHz, 2x512K L2, AM2, 940Pin)
2GB DDR2 667 Memory
2x 512MB PCX GeForce 7300 Video Card
500 GB SATA Hard Drive
16X DVD RW +/_ Dual Layer Burner
Silver-Black Wireless Keyboard
Silver-Black Wireless Optical Mouse
Silver-Black High Power 2.1 Subwoofer Speaker w/Remote Control
10/100/1000 Lan on Board
2.1 channel Sound
1 year part and labor warranty
To build your own computer and best video card 2017. Click here.
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(Free in the sense of freedom)
Every one of us makes a first impression of a person relying on our instinct. This book deals with deducting concrete perception of an individual through his external characteristics at first sight. The author has beautifully described the science of human analysis as an art which anyone with interest in observing human behaviour can develop. The science of human analysis says that a particular thought sets an action and a persistent action leaves a particular characteristic on an individual. In the same manner some external characters give preferences and inclination towards certain actions and thinking pattern.
To simplify this theory of human analysis the author has divided the human being into five different types fatty, thoracic with high chest and florid faced, muscular, osseous or bony and cerebral. Each type has specific traits, behaviour and perspective of life. Human analysis is useful in all spheres of life. It increases our understanding of ourselves and our limitations. In this book author has applied the human analysis of different types of human being to find right life partner. Every type of human being is born with some skills so, identifying this will help in professional life. Hence understanding of human behaviour in context of external characteristics will surely increase our perception of people living around us and will make this world a better place to live.


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Peter has been working with IT in one form or another for many years including a spell as Head of IT and Business Process for one of the UK's largest organisations. He has been working as an ITconsultant for over 10 years and set up Advanced Computer Technologies in 2004. Peter has a rare combination of both practical business experience mixed with IT expertise so he understands what IT means to a business owner and how best to support an organisation.
Pinnacle Data is one of Europe's leading independent stockholders of new and refurbished data centre equipment. We specialise in server, storage and networking equipment, offering products from someof the world's most recognised and respected manufacturers, as well as third party brands, all coming with guaranteed quality at a cost effective price point. We work with thousands of private and public sector organisations to distribute products worldwide.
Show businesses near Harrogate


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Van Imhoff.infothe weight of memories
First names unkown Rexhauser
Victim | Date of birth unkown | Profession unkown
On 19 September 2017 Hilde Houdtzagers mailed:
Mr. Rexhauser is the father of a friend if mine...he was also on that ship ... but i could not find him on the list...his son Oscar Rexhauser is the name of my boyfriend but he died 6 years ago... Why is he not on the list ...of victims...?
Oscar had an Indonesian mother and a German father...but because mr Rexhauser was imprisoned and the mother was left alone with Oscar...he decided to give Oscar away to a foster family who went to the Netherlands... So Oscar went with this foster parents to holland... Imagine what's it is like to leave his mum and never see his father again. When Oscar was 18 years old he reunited with his mother in Indonesia...
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Ondre on Social Media
Follow Ondre on Instagram @find.ondre
Simply type in @find.ondre while logged into your account, click FOLLOW and you're ready to go.
Follow Ondre on Facebook
Simply click here and LIKE Ondre's Facebook page to see updates via Facebook.
Ondre also recommends @openmindradio on Twitter
Follow @openmindradio on Twitter to receive updates on some of Ondre's favorite shows. Ondre also broadcasts his show on the Open Mind Entertainment Network every week.
Change of Frequency with Ondre
Wednesday nights from 8-10pm (MST)
Call into his live show at (818) 921-3767


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Essex Vanity Ensemble in Espresso Finish
Dimensions (with vanity top): 25″W x 19″D x 36-3/8″H
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Essex Vanity base for smaller bath and powder rooms with plenty of interior storage. 2 door Espresso vanity base. Brushed nickel hardware
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Benjamin Franklin wrote in 1783, "Sell not virtue to purchase wealth, nor Liberty to purchase power," and while he was not speaking about the Internet (obviously since it was not invented until almost two-hundred years later by Al Gore?) or our give me society he was addressing a similar people. Today, we are blasted with free applications and services but are they really free and what are they truly costing us.
Since the beginning of time we have had scrupulous individuals with different types of scams and charades that they have tried to use to gain from unsuspecting people and in recent times this has become ever more apparent but for many unnoticed. There has been "free" applications on the Internet for a long time and while there are many good free applications (I think everyone knows of a few) that may have additional features for a fee or they offer a non-commercial version for free but all companies need to make money and to think that they do not is just naïve.
So let us take a look at some of these free services that we use every day and think how these companies are making their money. What about the free anti-virus programs? Some are free for consumers for a reason, they are bad but others are free so that the company can gain data about viruses such as their proliferation around the world and use that for their commercial products that are sold for servers. What about the DVD ripping program? Well that could be a virus or it could be something that is giving data about the person that is downloading it, however when it comes to single utility applications it can be difficult to determine what the true intention is for the person giving the program.
Beyond the applications how do companies make money from free services? Some of the free services such as DropBox give you a little in hopes that you will buy more space. Other free services are supporting their company through advertisements and this can start becoming a little bit more sinister. Facebook for example has a new "feature" that will allow you to tag music and television programming from within the Facebook application on Android and IOS. Who is to say whether or not Facebook will be scanning more than just during a tag and even if they do not associate it to an individual account they are using the data to send statistics back to Facebook (which can then be sold to marketing people for most tagged shows). Facebook also uses your demographic information for advertisement targeting therefore potentially exposing your sensitive data to marketing executives.
When discussing free services online there is one very large elephant in the room and that is the all-powerful Google. Google has access to not only your search queries (meaning that they do track what you search for if you are logged into the Google site) but they also potentially have access to much of your personal data as well, use Gmail? What about on the corporate site? Google may have you there too with Google Analytics. By using Google Analytics a company can track how many hits are coming to a page but through their clever code that the company has willingly placed on their page, Google is able to gain a lot of data that can then be used for more trending analysis. Since there are only a few lines of code you are adding to the page with Google Analytics some may not realize that Google is adding a lot more and with that you have given them control to do whatever they want.
In this world of free we don't always know the costs or the extent of the data that is being used on us. Just as a conclusion to this, Google Analytics has enough data on from the person that is browsing to a site with it on there to determine your location (down to the city), internet service provider, age, gender, and any search terms you used to get to the site. Who knows what else they have but are not providing it in the report for Google Analytics.
I do not wish anyone to be scared off the grid but if you are… Google will notice
There is often a debate as to what is "too young" for children to be using technology and the Internet and I am not going to make an argument either way on a correct age. What I will say to the correct age for children to be using the Internet is something the child's parents will need to decide.
So after getting that out of the way, I would like to discuss what I have found to be a good method of protecting children (at least my children) from some of the dark depths of the Internet. So with full disclosure I should state that I do like Microsoft products so there might be a slight slant toward utilizing Microsoft products in my writings.
When Windows 8 launched Microsoft began to offer a service called Family Safety accessible at https://familysafety.microsoft.com. When a user account is added to the Family Safety account, the device can be monitored and functionality can be defined on the website. There is however one downside to using a Family Safety account for children, there is a very slight charge ($0.50) which is used to validate that an adult is the person that is creating the account. With Family Safety there is basic web filtering, full web monitoring, curfew restrictions, and application restrictions additionally when the user account is added to a device it is added as a restricted user. One great feature of family safety is that if you want to set a restriction on the child's account you can set it on the website and it will be automatically pushed to all of the computers the child has access to use. Adding a curfew to the child will disable their access when the time kicks in without the need to restart or logoff / login to the device.
Family Safety does a good job at securing the device but it does not completely filter the Internet, which is where Blue Coat K9 does a good job (available at http://www1.k9webprotection.com/). K9 has the ability to filter web pages by category and block / allow specific URLs and one of my favorite features is that it can filter YouTube. With YouTube, there is often bad language and content in the comments and with K9 it will remove all of the comments and it will filter the videos (including thumbnails) based on rating.
Both of my children (under 8) have computers and I having Family Safety and K9 help protect the kids when I am not there with them on the Internet.
The age gap between the pre – 2010 children and the post – 2010 children may seem like a joke but technology has jumped dramatically since 2010 and there is definitely a learning curve on each side of the gap. To give full disclosure I am writing this from a pure observation standpoint and have done no scientific study. The specific area that I have seen this observation is with UI design and interface design.
I have two children Waldo that was born pre 2010 and Thad that has been born post 2010 with a three-year age difference (by the way that is not my children's names. I mean who would name their child Waldo or Thad?). Both children have grown up with technology with both having been given a laptop at approximately two and one-half years of age but with one large difference being that Thad has also had access to tablets and smart phones from the age of one.
When Waldo was born, the BlackBerry was king and the iPhone was still a twinkle in the developer's eye, so the touch devices were not available to Waldo until he had already been accustomed to using the mouse and keyboard. Waldo's first computer was running Windows XP and he could zip around that just after he was two and one-half. As Waldo became older he would play with our Android phones and tablets but he seems clunky with the touchscreen but when he uses the mouse or touchpad there is no hesitation.
While Waldo is comfortable with the keyboard and mouse, the exact opposite is true for Thad. Thad has trouble using the mouse and touchpad on his laptop but he navigates the touchscreen with expertise. Amazingly, Thad can use multiple operating systems including Windows 8 and Android with the touchscreen both without issue.
Here is what I have found very interesting, after updating Waldo's laptop to Windows 8.1 he seemed to be able to navigate the Windows 8.1 RT tablet with much greater ease catching up to Thad's abilities. I know that the gap that they are experiencing today will be overcome with a few years of using their computers but it is just something that I have found interesting as I have watched them grow through the years.
So while this is an interesting observation, does this so-called age gap really mean anything? The short answer is yes, it should make an influence for developers when creating a new application. When a developer is approaching a new application there can sometimes be an attraction to use the latest and greatest of technology such as making the application for touch devices but there needs to be consideration to make the application comfortable for keyboard and mouse users as well. Beyond the age gaps for young people there is the age gap between the x and y generations who may be more accustomed to keyboard input than even using the mouse (DOS anyone?).
So here is the challenge, make an application that works well for touch, is comfortable for keyboard and mouse, and works with just the keyboard. Yea, we will get right on that. In reality this will never happen but there needs to be consideration for these crossover people, just as Microsoft has done with the update from Windows 8 to Windows 8.1 Update (the desktop version update). With Windows 8.1 Update Microsoft brought back the Right-Click to interact with the Metro-Style start menu, bridging much of the gap.
So there you have it, a small generation gap that should have an impact on development style.


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River Ecosystem LLC
1062 Folsom Street, 200, San Francisco, CA 94103River Ecosystem LLC
5 12 (12)
36 Followers
The River Lounge & Accelerator space in San Francisco offers 8,000 sq. feet of desk space for our portfolio and other small, exciting tech companies. We are located near Folsom Street and 7th Street, just off I-80 and across from Victoria Manalo Draves Park. Park on the street or at the parking garage on 7th Street. We are a 10 minute walk from the Civic Center BART station and near bus routes 19 to Fisherman's Wharf and 72 to the Financial District and Golden Gate Bridge. There are numerous restaurants and takeout in the area including a cafe and deli within a block, as well as Thai food and local Californian fare. Book a spot today in the River Lounge in SF, CA 94103.
About 1062 Folsom Street in San Francisco
36 Followers
Bike, walk or drive to this perfect SOMA classic. Brick exterior? Check. Massive windows? Check. Exposed timber beams? Check. The three-story building has everything innovative companies want in an office: large, expansive floors, exposed brick walls, a large kitchen and operable windows that provide ample natural light. At the corner of Folsom and 7th Street, 1062 Folsom's transportation options abound. Folsom's bike lane makes biking easy. Street parking is possible. Car share sites are nearby. MUNI and BART are less than a half mile away. The building's location is a focal point for SOMA workers: trendy Sightglass Coffee is just around the corner and one of the area's only parks is right across the street - in case you want to challenge your co-worker to a little one-on-one at lunchtime.
Amenities & Services at 1062 Folsom Street
- 24/7 Access
- Accessibility
- Bike Rack
- Coffee/Tea
- Entry
- Filming Allowed
- Filtered Water
- Furnished
- Hosted Reception
- Kitchen
- Mailbox Services
- Meeting Rooms
- On-site Restaurant
- Pet Friendly
- Print/Scan/Copy
- Projector
- Room Set-up
- TV/Monitor
- Video Conference
- Whiteboard
River Ecosystem LLC
1062 Folsom Street, 200, San Francisco, CA 94103
Community River Ecosystem LLC in San Francisco
36 People favorited spaces at River Ecosystem LLC in San Francisco
36 followers at River Ecosystem LLC in San Francisco
- Joe Tinnerello started following 10 months ago
- gdhd dhr, Lighthaus Inc, Jan Gaudestad started following 11 months ago
- Jay Factor, Mario Gonzalez, Gavin Delany, Joshua Anderson, John Lee, angelique, Kolya Lischinskiy, Arya Khosravi, CHENELLE MILLER, Chef Antonio started following one year ago
Rating and Reviews


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Pictures from Philmont
-Here are the Pictures you've all been waiting for-
Tripout Photos- http://troop207pa.tripod.com/tripout
Main Page- http://troop207pa.tripod.com
The Buffalo at Philmont
Pack Line
On the Trail
Ranger Mike
Mt. Baldy
Field at Ewells Park
Trail to Mt. Baldy
Atop Mt. Baldy
Back on the Trail
Ah the View
Alvin from Cyhper's Mine
Nice Field
Window Rock & Hidden Valley
Black & Bear Mountain
Tooth of Time Ridge
Southern Section of Philmont & Tent City
End of the road and back to quasi civilization


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t's no secret that I am not entirely fond of this teaching gig! Now, there's pretty much nothing I can do about it now, but if there is one valuable lesson that I am taking from this year in Korea it is to NEVER work with kids again. Well not kids, teenagers. I seriously think on your twelve birthday you get abducted by aliens and probed and that makes you an annoyance to humankind for the next 7 years! I really have to work hard on myself not to kill a kid everyday! The boys think they are extremely funny super-duper cool while the girls giggle and scream as if someone is permanently tormenting them with an invincible feather. Now it's not that I did not expect it to be this way it's just I don't like them very much. I have never liked children. Even when I was a kid I had a great dislike for my peers. I don't know why. And I must agree with Kathy Griffin, kids are way to needy and selfish. It's true that to them it's all about 'me, me, me'. But luckily my fellow teachers here at ghetto middle school doesn't have the faintest idea. Nope because every time I walk into the office I smile. It's an inner peace kind of thing. Smile on the outside to try to keep the inner rage on the inner. It's a constant battle. Now with the advent of fall no more widows are opened and it unmistakably smells like child and makes me want to faint! Oh well!
unfortunately for Korea the majority of our impressions of this place are thanks to a bunch of snooty lil brats. We spend most of our time with kids and even my interactions with my coteachers are very limited because I placed the fear of god in them earlier this year. Oops! But I think for the most part these kids pretty much sum up Korea well. This week I had a lesson with my first grade (grade 7) kids about teenagers. I compared my school schedule to theirs. Of course they were shocked that I never attended an after school academy. Also the couldn't believe that our school day starts at 7:30 and ends at 2:00. All of them want to move to South Africa. And I can understand why. These kids have absolutely no life. The go to school everyday (including every second saturday) from 8:30 till 4:05. Then they rush home for a bit and then they go to academy's. Some of them stay there untill midnight. There they study math, science, English etc. It's absolutely absurd. But they don't have a choice, as 85% of Koreans attend universities resulting in the abundance of available skilled labourers and white-collar workers. You basically need a degree to work at the 7/eleven. Anyhow at the end of the lesson I gave them a bunch of words that they had to arrange in order of importance. The mos important words included STUDY, FAMILY, MONEY, LOVE, FREEDOM, FRIENDS, COMPUTER GAMES AND BEAUTY. The boys regarded money, family and freedom as the most important words, whereas the girls regarded beauty, love and money as the most important things. Most of them reached consensus on that Study is the least important thing to them, and by all means these kids are force-fed education even before they can walk! What came as a surprise to me was that many groups (especially all girl groups) ranked family as the leat important thing. Especially in this Confucius culture where family is the be all end all of things. But it goes to show that these kids want to free of a society that restricts them!
Another project that I had a lot of fun with these mongrels was Global Warming. Even though they have covered the topic in Social studies and Science and Geography, I had to cover it in English. Yes the Koreans recycle and that is very noble of them put they are ninth on the list of the top 20 CO2 contributors in the world. I wanted to make them feel bad for the fact that I had to breathe in this disgusting air, but I wanted them to have a little fun on their guilt trip. So I had them make global warming posters and they did really well.
Here are the winners from each class.
That's all folks, cheers from Kimchiland!


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Normally the expression "car wash" evokes a big conveyor belt of brushes and sprayers, yet usually self-service car washes simply appear like a big empty garage with a high-pressure sprayer. They are certainly not particularly welcoming, and lots of people prevent them completely since they simply do unknown exactly how they work. Many self-service car cleans are unmanned, as well as the instructions on ways to run the sprayer are often faded and also difficult to read, especially during the night.
When you know how to run a self-service car wash, after that you can begin to appreciate the benefits they use. They are generally less costly, and their hours are normally a lot more suiting. Automated car cleans could likewise harm tiny components outside of a lorry such as antennas and looters, which danger alone can transform individuals to the globe of self-service car washes.
Do It Yourself Car Wash
Part 1 of 1: Making use of a self-service car wash
Action 1: Park the car. Pull your car into the garage-like bay as well as position it directly down the middle. If there is an area defined on the flooring to park, make use of that as an overview.
Make certain there is enough room to walk throughout the vehicle. In addition, ensure to inspect and also see if your vehicle is close adequate to the sprayer to clean both sides.
Action 2: Know the proper repayment technique. Be prepared to pay for the wash. While this action seems simple sufficient, some machines take money, some take cards, and some only take quarters. See to it you are prepared to wash the car as well as put loan right into the maker.
If the equipment uses a credit scores or debit card, follow the actions closely to avoid charging greater than as soon as. Prevent making use of the equipment if it looks questionable, specifically if it is the bank card kind.
Note: If the machine only takes quarters, there may be a change equipment in the vicinity of the bays, however it is best to bring your personal.
Step 3: Discover the sprayer settings. Some sprayers are exceptionally basic, having just one or more various power setups. Others are more advanced, and also may use a series of different washes for correctly washing your car.
The fundamental settings are as adheres to, though some car washes include more in between:
wash: This setting obtains all the conveniently gotten rid of dust and grime off of the automobile.
Soap: Soap cleanses a lot more deeply than water could and also could completely eliminate dust, salt, grease, and also other particles from the roadway that is deep in the car's surface.
Rinse: In this setting, all of the soap is rinsed of the car to make sure that it can drive away cleaner compared to ever before.
Keep in mind: Some car laundries have a "pre-wash" and a "wax" setting. If this holds true, note that the pre-wash is done before the wash, as well as waxing is the last step.
Tip 4: Remove any interior parts you could wish to wash. As soon as you guide how the sprayer works and how much the wash will certainly cost, set out anything from the inside that you intend to wash on the ground alongside the lorry.
This may include the flooring mats, ash tray, or detachable storage space areas.
Step 5: Place cash into the maker. Currently you prepare to put money into the maker and begin washing.
Step 6: Start cleaning the car. Make use of the "pre-wash" setup-- or "wash" if there is no "pre-wash" setting-- as well as spray down the whole car from top to bottom.
Factor the sprayer away from on your own as well as stand back a sensible distance, usually 3-5 feet, from the vehicle.
Be sure to wash each side and to obtain water right into the wheel wells and on the underside of the lorry. Additionally rinse any indoor pieces on the ground.
Step 7: Cover the car in soap. Once everything is wet, proceed and also set the machine to either "wash" or "soap," relying on what step the equipment states to do following (different brand names could expression the stages in a different way!). Cover the car, top to base, in suds.
If the indoor items are specifically dirty, they can be covered in soap also. Do a number of passes over the car to make certain it is as soapy as possible.
Step 8: Clean the car with a sponge. Many car laundries will certainly have a foam sponge there, all set to use.
If this holds true, wash the sponge very completely before wiping the car with it, as there could be dirt as well as sand stuck in the sponge that might scratch the paint. It is much better to bring your own or purchase a fresh one, but certainly that is not constantly functional.
Scrub the entire car down, ensuring to review every area at least when.
Step 9: Wash the soap off of the car. Currently you can set the maker to "wash." This setup just sprays water from the sprayer, so extensively clean off all the soap from the car's surface area as well as from the indoor components on the floor.
Idea: Look at whatever 2 or three times to make certain the soap is cleaned off, otherwise the soap can make little spots on the paint that make the car appear unclean.
Step 10: Wax the car (optional). If the device has a "wax" establishing that does not cost extra, it is a great idea to spray the automobile down while on this setting.
While generally unneeded, the wax setup layers the vehicle with a great layer of wax that acts to shield the surface area of the paint.
If it costs additional, it is possibly not worth the included price unless the paint is truly in distress. A person cleaning a lot of salt or crude dust off of their paint could want the wax spray.
Caution: Do not spray wax into any type of indoor pieces.
Action 11: Make use of the full-time that the sprayer allows. Constantly use the whole period of the moment that the sprayer allows (it will shut off instantly when it's done), and use any extra time to rinse everything down thoroughly.
Action 12: Dry any kind of interior components. Make sure to dry indoor components off prior to positioning them back right into the lorry.
As soon as you know your method around one self-service car wash, you've basically discovered them all. There are mild differences, yet the keynote is the same. Bear in mind that regular cleaning as well as waxing helps preserve a car's paint, as well as peeling paint seriously harms the worth of an automobile.


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Lot: 0.89 MLS#: 8385478
Carmolita Haney
Mountain Realty
Lake Chatuge building lot, approx 0.9 acre, on deep waters...147' frontage! Gentle terrain, easy to build on. A great buy, and they are not making any more lake lots! Great spot for a family vacation place or retirement or investment...a must see!! Public utilities available.