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Detailed Expressvpn Review
When it comes to a VPN performance and efficacy, I recommend ExpressVPN as the all-rounder and best VPN out of all the VPNs I have tested. However, it's must to tell you that ExpressVPN isn't for the ones who are looking for a cheap VPN service but it's definitely the fastest, securest, and well performing in every aspect.
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ExpressVPN has build-up its reputation on the basis of super fast speed along with the all the necessary security protocols. This speed factor has forced me to conclude it as one of the efficient VPNs, yet it also helps ExpressVPN to outperform all other VPN services just because most of the VPNs drastically decrease the regular internet speed due to which users face hassles in streaming, torrenting, downloading and almost in every task.
Plus their server spread, thousands of dynamic shared IP in every region, 99.9% uptime, unlimited bandwidth & speed enable their customers to enjoy uninterrupted streaming of their favorite websites.
To better explain the features and efficiency of ExpressVPN, I have tested all the necessary aspects that build-up the VPN performance.
Pricing Package & Plans
For all the efficient features of ExpressVPN, you need to pay a comparatively higher cost than other VPN services. Yet, if you follow their pricing plans individually then you may notice that it's also an affordable service along with the extraordinary and highly improvised features.
There are 3 basic plans offered by ExpressVPN that have different time frames but all encompass same features. Also, they provide you a lenience of 30-day money back guarantee with every pricing plan.
Monthly Package ($12.95/Month)
For this plan, you are opting their services with the payment procedure that needs to be renewed every month. The monthly plan doesn't offer you any discount.
Biannual Package ($9.99/Month)
If you select this particular plan for yourself then you have to pay USD 59.95 after every six months. That means your monthly amount would be $9.99 in this plan.
Yearly Package ($8.32/Month)
This is the most discounted pricing plan by the ExpressVPN as the monthly amount decreases to USD 8.32. Yet, you need to pay a collective amount of $99.95 every year. Also, a perk with this pricing plan is, you are given a 3-month free service which means that you need to pay the second installment after 15 months of purchasing.
Looking at all these pricing plans you might be considering ExpressVPN as an expensive choice just like me. But this is a common judgment because of the comparison with other VPN services. But genuinely speaking, you will notice a huge difference in the services of ExpressVPN with the others. Also, the concerns levels decrease to negligible when they provide you a chance of money back guarantee.
Money Back Guarantee
Now, the big question of this ExpressVPN review write-up; what if you purchase an annual subscription of ExpressVPN Service and it fails to fulfill your requirements or unable to meet the criterion you expect from a quality VPN service provider. The answer is simple; you will be awarded a month to evaluate the quality & performance of the service.
Money-back guarantee is a big claim that is made by any marketer. Such claims are only made when a service provider is satisfied with the quality they are providing to the customers. Yet, the 30-day period is enough to check all the features and efficacy of a VPN.
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Speed Performance (Fastest VPN In All)
I have previously reviewed many VPNs along with this ExpressVPN review. The reason I am discussing the speed performance at the beginning is that it's the major feature that distinguishes ExpressVPN with others.
ExpressVPN claims to be the fastest VPN and that's true among all the VPN reviews I have done so far. These are some of the results I got when tested it through speed tool.
If you examine the above results, you will notice that there isn't a vast difference between the speed performances of different ExpressVPN protocols. If you make the connection using PPTP and L2TP/IPSec protocol, the speed difference is below 1 MB per second and if you go with OpenVPN 256-bits encryption protocol, that time your speed minimization is slightly more than 1 MB per second. You can observe it by observing the following images.
ExpressVPN is located in British Virgin Island which is a region of the comparatively less strict internet and privacy laws as compared to the countries like US, UK, China, Iran and many others.
They have a default protocol, OpenVPN that encrypts your traffic with the military-grade encryption of 256-bit AES algorithm. However, users are given a wide range of protocol options which you can select according to your need through manual configuration or software.
If you are looking for a VPN to download and stream content with privacy then PPTP is the appropriate protocol which provides all the necessary features as well as maintains your speed. On the other hand, the L2TP protocol is purposed to concentrate on the user's privacy and security. Yet, the SSTP and SSH protocols also have the same purpose as L2TP.
But, a weak point here is that ExpressVPN doesn't allow you to alter the default encryption standards if you are using the ExpressVPN app.
Anonymity or privacy is the greatest purpose of VPN and that's what has made VPN so common. While monitoring the services for ExpressVPN review, I have seen some authentic anonymity promises which are sometimes just a word oath by many VPNs.
ExpressVPN clearly states that they will not log the activities of their customers and they will be provided with high privacy. This is a necessary feature because a VPN could share your data behind your back and that could hurt your privacy. Yet, your connection logs could be viewed on the local computer but you have the power to save it in a local file. These diagnostics are just for troubleshooting and that's why ExpressVPN calls it as 'diagnostics' instead of 'logs'.
But wait!
It's important to tell you that ExpressVPN clearly states everything in their privacy policy and that's why they pre-alert you that they reserve the right to investigate a user if their assigned IP is suspected to be involved in malicious activities.
Compatibility For Devices And OS
In terms of compatibility, you won't have any issue with the ExpressVPN setup on any of your devices. For instance, you can connect ExpressVPN with your laptop, desktop or other handy devices such as Android phones, tablets, iPhone etc.
Also, you can easily configure ExpressVPN with different operating systems such as Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, router, iOS and Android devices. With all your devices you have an easy setup interface and there is a user-friendly app for mobile phone and Tablet users.
On the other hand, you can connect 3 devices simultaneously to the ExpressVPN, however, there is a downside in this aspect. Suppose you have already connected three devices and now you want to connect the fourth device. Now you couldn't just boot your device off the network, instead, you have to manually disconnect it from one of the connected devices. This means that if you have forgotten to disconnect an office device then you are unable to connect three devices at your home.
Payment Method
The payment option for an anonymous service like VPN is an important feature. Before choosing a VPN you must check the payment methods provided by the service. For instance, if a VPN service doesn't have an anonymous channel then it is better to reconsider your choice.
Fortunately, ExpressVPN provides you various payment methods including the safe methods such as PayPal or Bitcoin. Such payment methods are secure because they don't reveal your identity to the provider and that way you remain fully anonymous.
Apart from the mentioned popular payment methods, ExpressVPN also provides you with many localized payment options including WebMoney, AliPay, China UnionPay, GiroPay, CashU, PaySafeCard, Mint, OneCard, SoFort, Bleue, FanaPay, Mint and much more. The abundance of payment options gives ExpressVPN additional advantage to the provider as it creates excessive ease for their users.
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One of the leading VPN Service Provider – ExpressVPN
In recent years plenty of service providers entered into the industry of VPN, competing with each other to earn customer trust by offering security, privacy and accessibility to geo-restricted content. One of the leading service providers of this industry blended with options and features that suits both individuals & small businesses is ExpressVPN.
The market review and users' feedback clearly places ExpressVPN as the number one provider of VPN industry; with abundance of high-performance servers at all regions, dynamic shared IP's to cater the requirement of thousands, enhanced security and privacy standards, compatibility with all popular operating systems, support for huge range of devices, plus the performance of provider in terms of speed and seamless connectivity, ExpressVPN truly dominates the industry.
ExpressVPN builds their foundation on the core requirements of VPN industry; ultra-fast performance and super secure connection. Security is considered as the primary factor for most the VPN buyers; they want to ensure safety against cyber criminals, identity thefts, and online spammers. While paciest connectivity is essential for content streaming i.e. video, audio, etc. ExpressVPN has developed its reputation in both; with a higher level of encryption protocols offered at each step, subscriber stays at the distance from the even potential threat. Plus their server spread, thousands of dynamic shared IP in every region, 99.9% uptime, unlimited bandwidth & speed enable their customers to enjoy uninterrupted streaming of their favorite websites.
Servers And Location
ExpressVPN has vast coverage through a network of more than 1,500 servers operating in 94 countries all around the world. That's more than any of the normal or even a popular VPN provider. Also, they provide you an opportunity to avail unlimited server switches.
The VPN performance largely depends upon the number of servers and its expandability. For instance, if you are unable to view content from your connected VPN server then you can switch to other server located in a different country. Therefore, the chances of your excess to a restricted content immensely increase with such large server range.
With ExpressVPN, you are not restricted to a certain number of servers and they provide you the opportunity to access any server you want. There are some major server locations which I would like to mention here. Yet, these are the ones which are probably enough to bypass content restrictions.
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Major server locations are covering the requirements of almost every user; they are present in every region and every continent. All the major North American, European and Asian countries have more than one server location to guarantee seamless connectivity. In Northern America servers are located in United States of America (Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Jose, Seattle, Chicago, New York, New Jersey, Washington DC, Miami, Dallas, and Atlanta), Canada (Montreal & Toronto), Mexico and Panama. In Europe, they have servers in United Kingdom (London, Berkshire, Kent, and Maidenhead), Germany, France, Denmark, Italy, Belgium, Austria, Croatia, Denmark, Hungary, Norway, Netherlands (Rotterdam & Amsterdam), Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Romania and much more.
In Asia Pacific, their servers are located in Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore (Singapore, CBD, and Jurong), South Korea, Thailand and many more. In Southern America, they have deployed the server in Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Peru, Venezuela and more. They also have servers in the Middle East & Africa; Egypt, Israel, Cyprus, South Africa, Turkey, and Algeria. We have only mentioned the server located in primary zones, there are many more server locations from where you can obtain seamless services of ExpressVPN.
ExpressVPN for Torrenting
Efficiency for torrenting is difficult to find when it comes to VPN. Most VPN services lack performance greatness while torrenting and that's because it requires a large amount of data as well as fast speed. Fortunately, I found ExpressVPN effective while P2P file sharing which is probably because of its fast speed.
Speed is the most affecting factor of torrenting as slow speed could make the process so frustrating. Also, ExpressVPN offers the customers an unlimited bandwidth so that you are able to download as many files as you want.
ExpressVPN For Throttle-Free Experience
ExpressVPN has a distinctive factor that helps game lovers to beat the speed lags. They offer their customer more than 30 throttling-free servers which are especially online gamers and streaming content media.
These specially designed servers are to provide both ultra-fast and secure online experience which mostly lacks in VPNs. Most services contain either security or speed and that's why an individual remains worried or couldn't experience best.
When I used these servers, I don't have to face issues like high ping time or irritating lags. Also, the common issue of pixilated videos while streaming online goes away when ExpressVPN was connected.
ExpressVPN Client Software & Apps
The provider recently introduced a new client software for desktop, laptop systems, and app for mobile, tablet user that gives more options and freedom to switch between servers. It has dedicated apps for iOS, Android, Windows mobile & handheld devices. Their newly designed Mac operating system brings better management experience and options to users. Also, the client VPN software for Windows, Mac, Linux operating system used in personal computers & laptops is light and user-friendly.
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Server selection is improved; it has Auto-Connect feature which enables you to connect with the most suitable server depending on your location. A known server currently with minimum traffic load is selected for the best experience. The subscriber can manually select the server from the list, categorized according to location and region. You can also setup VPN on any remote (mobile, tablets, other handhelds) device manually, tutorials are available on provider's website or you can simply download dedicated apps for particular OS and start browsing anonymously by just inputting your login credentials.
ExpressVPN Website
Nothing is more important than your first impression; the provider's website has similar kind of effect on potential customers. Simple and attractive navigations, detailed but relevant information and comprehensive in terms of providing all kind of assistance to users – this is what ExpressVPN's website is comprised of. All the features are described to help you understand that said service is adequate enough to cater your needs or not. Multiple language options are also available on the website; 16 different languages to select from.
24/7 Customer Support
The increase in trust and customer list of ExpressVPN is largely contributed by their customer support team which works round the clock to satisfy the needs of users. For more conformity for this ExpressVPN review, I entered a question on their website and the response was amazingly fast.
They have a full-time live chat support from where the answer all the queries. On the other hand, they have a user-friendly website with pre-answered FAQs that are commonly asked by most customers. This FAQ section is basically put up so that a user wouldn't have to face issues.
Also, they have well-described tutorials and guides to simplify the process of setting up the VPN clients on every device and operating system.
Live Chat
If you have any queries or issues regarding ExpressVPN's services, their trained and knowledgeable officers of the customer support are always available to solve the problems through 24/7 live chat.
Ticketed Email System
You can also get ExpressVPN's services through their ticketed email system. In this process, you need to write the whole issues and send it over mail. Within 24 hours, you get the answer to your issues or queries.
24/7 Support & Quick Response
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Setup Tutorials and Guides
It is worth mentioning in this ExpressVPN review that not just support but easy & user-friendly tutorials and guides for operating systems, mobile devices, routers, streaming media consoles and others. They lately introduced Windows App 4.0 and Mac App 4.0 for easy setup – other than that manual setups for Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8 and Surface RT are also present on the website. You can also setup VPN on Mac OS via a tutorial on their website. Plus, for Linux, there is setup available for OpenVPN and PPTP protocols.
You can also download apps for Android and iOS based device or else wise manual tutorial to setup VPN on Android, iOS (L2TP), iOS (PPTP) are available. There are also dedicated apps for Chromebook and Amazon Kindle. DD-WRT, Asus, Tomato and Sabai routers can also be configured on different protocols with the help of presented tutorials. Also, subscribers can setup Apple TV, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One through available guides.
Manual Setup of ExpressVPN on Windows 7/8/Vista with PPTP | L2TP | SSTP
Here is the step by step procedure of installing the ExpressVPN on Windows 7 / 8 / Vista using the PPTP, L2TP, and SSTP security protocol are given.
- After subscribing to ExpressVPN, you receive an email from them. Click on this link to get 'User Name' and 'Password' and log in from the official website of ExpressVPN.
- Then press on 'Setup My VPN Account' option to maintain your subscriptions page.
- Click on 'Manual Configuration (PPTP | L2TP-IPSec)' and get the following options and these options can be left for using at the setup time.
- IPSec Pre-Shared Key
- List of ExpressVPN Servers around the world
- Username
- Password
- Then download the 'ExpressVPN Dialers' in a zip file by pressing on 'Download Windows Dialers' button that you will get at the bottom of the manual configuration page.
- Choose the particular server location by clicking on 'Properties'. You can also proceed with the default server location if you have no choice.
- Select 'Microsoft CHAP Version 2 (MS-Chap V2) from the security option. Then click on Pre-Shared Key making it authentic and type "12345678". Finally, click on "Ok".
- Then select the preferred server and click on "Connect".
- If need Username and Password then put it and enjoy everything without any geographical restrictions.
Manual Setup of ExpressVPN on Mac with PPTP | L2TP
By following the some easy steps you can easily setup ExpressVPN on your Mac (OS X).
- After receiving the "Username" and "Password" from the ExprssVPN over mail, click on the link. If you face any problem with the link, then sign in directly from the ExpressVPN website.
- By clicking this link, you will be redirected to the subscriptions page. Now press on 'Setup My VPN Account' option.
- Then Click on 'Manual Configuration (PPTP | L2TP-IPSec)' and get the following options and these options can be left for using at the setup time.
- IPSec Pre-Shared Key
- List of ExpressVPN Servers around the world
- Username
- Password
- Open "System Preferences" and select "Network". From the left side of "Network" option choose '+' sign and click on it.
- Now three different sections will be opened in the new window. From the "Interface" section, select "VPN", in "VPN Type" section press on "PPTP or L2TP" instead of "IPSec" and then put "Service Name" and press on "Create" button.
- Then choose a desired "Server location" and "User Name" and press on "Authentication Settings" button.
- For the authentication purpose, insert your ExpressVPN password. Again, for machine authentication purpose choose "Shared Secret" and type "12345678" and hit on "Ok".
- Go to the "Advance" option and from the "Options" check the box of "Send all traffic over VPN Connection" and press "Ok".
- You will find a checkbox on "Show VPN status in menu bar" at the bottom of the window. Check this box and make enable the ExpressVPN icon at the upper side of your Mac window. Finally, for completing the configuration process, click on "Apply" button.
Manual Setup of ExpressVPN on Android with PPTP | L2TP
ThisExpressVPN review provides you a great facility to setup VPN service on your Android devices. You only need to follow some simple steps to configure ExpressVPN.
- When you get the email from ExpressVPN attaching the "Username" and "Password", click on the link.
- By clicking this link, you will be redirected to the subscriptions page. If you face any difficulty with the link, then log in directly from the ExpressVPN website.
- Now press on 'Setup My VPN Account' option.
- Then Click on 'Manual Configuration (PPTP | L2TP-IPSec)' and you will get the following points that will be needed for the further process of setup.
- IPSec Pre-Shared Key
- List of ExpressVPN Servers around the world
- Username
- Password
- Now click on "Setting" option of android device and from the "Wireless & Network" tab select "More" option.
- Press on the "VPN" and from the upper right side of the window choose "+" icon.
- Then fill the type name by the word "ExpressVPN" and choose "PPTP or L2TP/IPSec PSK" as a protocol type.
- It selects the server location and type "12345678" as the IPSec pre-shared Key. Then click the "Save" button.
- Now go to your VPN profile and put "UserName" and "Password". Then click on "Connect" to be protected from hackers and spies.
Install ExpressVPN On iPhone:
Install Express VPN On Windows:
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Unique Selling Proposition
This ExpressVPN review helps you to find the unique selling proposition of that product. So that you can easily realize the best value of the services. These are
- You can try this product for 30 days, if you are not satisfied then you will be refunded. So there is nothing to lose.
- No issue regarding the ExpressVPN harasses you because they provide 24/7 customer support.
The core reason I have enlisted it as one of the most performing VPN providers is that I found ExpressVPN efficient in all the aspects. While ExpressVPN review, all the features mentioned on their website were found almost same in the real VPN experience.
I recommend you to go for the annual pricing plan of ExpressVPN, as it will give you a maximum discount. If you have fears regarding fulfilling your requirements of security or by-passing geo-restriction we believe their 30-days money back guarantee is great for first-timers, it gives ample time to evaluate the quality of services.
Expressvpn Review By Users
Sarah, AI live in china. I require VPN services regularly for my business purpose and now I have become relaxed by using ExpressVPN for this purpose. It provides me swift services.
Sasha, BI love to travel and ExpressVPN always remain with me wherever I go. Especially I have got a highly satisfied service from the ExpressVPN. Their iOS app provides me great service for my iPhone.
Dev, JIn this month, I went to China for my business conference. Before going to China, I discussed with one of my friends. He suggested me to use ExpressVPN and finally I am highly satisfied with their services. Their speed quality is so amazing, I felt no problem to stream my favorite channel Netflix. I could easily make the connection with the US server locations.
SumairI has been using ExpressVPN for two years, it gives me a great service with highest speed and security. Also, I have downloaded lots of episodes of my favorite TV show – Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt without any download cap.
AlexenderSome days ago, I have faced some installation problem on my Android mobile. Then I made a contact with the support team of ExpressVPN. They have provided so much quicker and smarter customer support to me.
Albert, JGreat VPN providers ever. I contacted customer support team of ExpressVPN, they solved the issue of running OpenVPN protocol within a few moments.
Gibes JonesOverall, I am satisfied with the services of ExpressVPN, but the speed could be a little bit high. Although it gives me good speed for streaming my favorite shows on Netflix, Hulu plus and BBC iPlayer.
KumarI highly recommends ExpressVPN because its speed and security level is really outstanding. I also get their services 100% uptime.
Ali, MI have tested lots of VPN services for a long time. But every time I have become disappointed. Now I have got ExpressVPN, it really satisfies me. Its speed is amazing.
ChengI live in China and now I am enjoying YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter with the smooth VPN service of ExpressVPN.
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I am not shopping at Costco as much lately. Also, I don't see much exciting "Big Ticket Items" at Costco anymore. I think, maybe, it's because I did a lot of shopping over the years.
I don't have any clothes to buy, I don't want any more electronic gadgets, I bought 4 guitars last year, I have a big screen TV, I have a nice bed… I just focus on keeping myself healthy… and… I think I'm all set. I'm just waiting to die. Haha~!!
Anyway, if I have money, I would like to spend on home improvement and save for my next car.
I hope Costco will stock some exciting stuff. But, I cannot think of anything I want to buy at this mement. So, my slow and boring Costco shopping continues. Oh, don't get me wrong, I love Costco shopping. I enjoy it a lot. I just don't have much to buy lately.

subset: commoncrawl


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Happy Tuesday!
I wanted to share with you what I have been doing while I have been sick. Like most of us right now huh??? Crazy winter so far and dangerous for some! "Sending Prayers and Blessing for all of you.
Now as you know I am seriously dead sick if I am not making something. Laying on the couch makes me feel frustrated and like I have wasted good crafting time.
Early this winter Joann's had a 70% OFF of their flannel fabric line. Can you believe the pricing? Well anywho, as a girl that can not pass up a sale. I bought a TON!!! Enough to make 1 LG. child mermaid tail Blankie/Cozy and count em with me people, 4 Queen sized rag quilts!!! That is A LOT of cutting sewing and above all clipping!
Now I made 3 and all those along with the mermaid tail went out as gifts for christmas...So finally, and because if I didn't do it now, it would set wishing I would pay attention to it in some corner some where...I made mine and my hubbies. It turned out great!
We love it and here is the best part.While I set/ lay on the couch clipping ,sneezing,snuffling and all around whining about my fever, hubby set at the other end of the couch and clipped with me ")
The man is a saint!
So not all is lost and the blankie is wonderfully warm!
and just because she is so cute!
Christmas Morning 2015


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The Life Safety Education section needs your help identifying what Fire Departments in the State of South Carolina have residential Side-by-Side burn pods. If your Fire Department has residential Side-by-Side burn PODs, please fill out the attached information. The Life Safety Education Section along with the South Carolina Sprinkler Coalition are tying to collect this valuable information and identify in our state where residential Side-by-side burn PODs reside.
If you have questions feel free to contact Will Catoe mailto:email@example.com or Jeff Allen firstname.lastname@example.com
(We would collect this information in a form that would then be emailed to both of you but maintained in a form on the back side of our website for future use as well)
Thank you for taking part and helping us collect this information.


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July 2, 2010
Stocking up at the LA Jewelry District!
12 comments:
Your outfit is fantastic, and I really want to roll in those beads. You know what I mean.ReplyDelete
What stash! They are sooo colourful. Love your necklace and outfit :) T.ReplyDelete
First of all, I love your cranberry and yellow raisin necklace from the ordination - looks fabulous!ReplyDelete
And the colors for your fall line ... I think I'm in love. I'm also thinking I might need to commission you to make me a necklace that replicates the colors we're going to have in the nursery (turquoise, lime green and orange). Thoughts?!
First, congratulations to you and your husband! I'm from Los Angeles and I think I know the district you're speaking of--off of Santee Alley right? I get a lot of my doll supplies there as well. Isn't it wonderful that they've put a bathroom in that place? And I've been to the wholesale bead stores there, too. I don't make jewelry but it sure does tempt me. They all look candy and I run my fingers through most of it which irks the owners.ReplyDelete
great scores! LOVE the LA jewelry district! I am lucky to live here again! whenever i live too far from it I start to REALLY miss it ;)ReplyDelete
Love all the deep colors on the necklaces.ReplyDelete
Lots of pretty candy, I mean beads!ReplyDelete
love, LOVE the chuck taylor necklace.ReplyDelete
Oh my, that is a whole lotta bead goodness!! And I know you'll design fabulous pieces with them! :>ReplyDelete
When I first saw the pics, I was scouting out your necklace, 'cause I *knew* you would design something uber fabulous for yourself....and you did not disappoint! Love all that dancing color and love that you used Hans tie as a sash!
I'm sooo jealous of your gorgeous finds! Have fun playing with it all :)ReplyDelete
This comment has been removed by the author.ReplyDelete
Every designer necklace looks nice. Last three product is stylish necklaces. And your colored gemstone beads jewelry collection is all lovely and beautiful.ReplyDelete


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This is my last day at work for a while. First we have Easter - Good Friday tomorrow and Easter Monday. Then I'm taking two days off as annual vacation. Then next Thursday our regular fortnightly Friday off is being moved back one day, then on the Friday it's the Royal Wedding between William and Kate Middleton and then it's the first May bank holiday Monday. So that's eleven straight days off work. Woo-hoo!
Thursday, April 21, 2011
Posted by overyourhead at Thursday, April 21, 2011
Labels: Easter, Easter Monday, Good Friday, Holidays, Kate Middleton, Royal Wedding
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Live at Five – Scion
Live @ Five is Denver's Summer Happy Hour Tradition! Slacker and Steve played host as we kicked off weekends the right way, the Alice Way all summer long.
For over 10 years, Live at 5 has brought the Denver's social scene together for drinks, music and fun.


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Katie Hack
Branch Manager & Dispensing Optician
As soon as I left college I started working for Vision Express as an Optical Assistant which was a great start to my career. I then went on to work for a smaller independent for 7 years before joining Leightons in 2018.
I decided to make the change to Leightons because they value each and every customer and give outstanding customer service. Most of all everyone at Leightons is a joy to work with.
I have a passion for the outdoors whether that's riding my motorbike, going trap shooting on a Sunday morning or hiking. I also love visiting new places and experiencing different cultures!


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Sunset Cliffs
I took these pictures several weeks ago (during the last day of 2011 in fact), but got so busy with my new job that I never had the time to edit them. Sunset Cliffs in San Diego is one my favorite places- when I was in college, I went there all the time- to sunbathe, read for class, and contemplate life. I had such a good time with my friends: Prestyn, Sarah, Brian, and Joe. I highly recommend taking some time to visit this gorgeous place if you ever visit San Diego.


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"Dwell in peace in the home of your own being, and the Messenger of Death will not be able to touch you." --Guru Nanak
"Courage is the art of being the only one who knows you're scared to death." -- Harold Wilson
"So much of what is best in us is bound up in our love of family, that it remains the measure of our stability because it measures our sense of loyalty. All other pacts of love or fear derive from it and are modeled upon it." --Haniel Long
Sorry this is so late. Between the holidays and the feeling of complete and utter despair that this episode effectively left me, it took awhile for me to recover from it and truth be told, I'm still not quite there yet, but inspiration has seized me so I must take it.
Odd to say this about an episode that literally wrenched hope from my fisted hands, but I thoroughly LOVED this episode. I don't know if it's because the last episode, The Real Ghostbusters, was just so unfulfilling or if it's because this episode did such a good job of just leaving me hanging, feeling like "okay, now what?" as well as "oh, gosh, there's nothing left to try other than consenting to be the vessels", probably a little of both, but it was a great episode at hitting all the right and the oh so terribly wrong notes. I was just as devastated, lost, hopeless and completely out of ideas as the boys were. From that point of view, the episode rocked and succeeded in so many painful ways. It also rocked because the emotions displayed were so raw both for the determination of killing Lucifer and most especially for the incredible casualties that the mission exacted.
All the performances were solid and completely heartbreaking. Everyone brought their A-game to the table and it showed. It was nice to see Ellen and Jo back if only to lose them in a heroic hail of salt, iron nails and propane, sending the hellhounds back "home" with their sacrifice. Both Samantha Ferris and Alona Tal just brought the pathos with everything they had and I LOVED how they played the mother-daughter bond with such believability that it made perfect sense for Ellen to not leave her daughter alone to die, that she would end up pushing the button for the cause. As an agonizingly tragic last act, it was beautiful.
Jensen played Dean's vulnerability and command-worthy stalwartness to the penultimate here!! He played each moment with the realism that made you totally feel Dean's every emotional and gut wrenching decision. My favorite scene (no, it's not the kiss, but I liked that too, poignant as all get out!) was when he contacted Bobby to give him the sitch (nothing good and all bad) and could barely hold it together when he told Bobby it didn't look good for Jo. You can feel Jensen pinching his eyes tight, trying to stop his tears, but you can also feel his caring helplessness at coming to the truth that Jo wasn't going to make it. Gotta love how Bobby, feeling the helplessness as well, maybe more so for not being able to be there for them, keeps Dean on point as hard as it is for both of them to do. You also can't help, but wonder if maybe deep down Dean feels a little guilt because she got hurt trying to save him (my friend Tiffany had an interesting theory about that which I'll cover in a minute). Though he's finally beyond carrying the burden of the loss on his own, coming to terms with the fact that war has casualties and that taking every loss personally isn't going to help anyone, you can't help, but wonder if he feels the loss just that much more keenly because of that and because of who it is.
I love the conclusion Bobby comes to, doing the research as only he can, that Lucifer is going to try to give rise to Death, the next Horseman, the Pale Rider, himself. Just that realization alone sends cold shivers down the spine. How the ritual is done is even more shocking and yet the details just adds to the despair. It all gels as Bobby relates it, why the reapers are gathering, why Lucifer is in Carthage, the Battle of Hell Hole, on the land of William Jasper's farm, it's all bad news and getting worse by the minute.
My next favorite scene is between Lucifer and Castiel. Mark Pellegrino and Misha Collins played their roles with stellar perfection! You can feel the tension, strangely, just like two brothers at odds with their beliefs and with their goals. Castiel was just as stalwart in his determination to stop his brother and Lucifer was as tauntingly sarcastic as well. Mark Pellegrino just nails the eerily calm demeanor perfectly throughout. I think it works because it's so unsettling. It gives off a sense of confidence that shakes you to your core. It would be easy to make him angry, belligerent, vengeful for all that he feels has been done to him, but that would make him easier to hate and vilify or feel like "oh, get over it already". I think it was a clever idea to make you wonder, to make you almost feel sorry for Lucifer because he presents his case so calmly, almost reasonably. I love how their first scene starts out benign, talking about Castiel traveling in a car and Lucifer calling him a "peculiar thing". I love that Castiel proclaims,
"You are not taking Sam Winchester. I won't let you."
There's this lovely sense of loyalty, which even Lucifer points out, that makes you cheer because you can see the extent of Castiel's commitment to the Winchesters. Still, I love how Lucifer tries to make Castiel see the cost of this rebellion,
"I rebelled, I was cast out. You rebelled, you were cast out. Almost all of heaven wants to see me dead and if they succeed, guess what? You're their new public enemy number one. We're on the same side, like it or not so why not just serve your own best interests, which in this case, just happen to be mine."
Then Castiel says,
"I'll die first."
And we all cheer, but Lucifer has the chilling last word,
"I suppose you will."
Now, I know I'll stir a bit of controversy for saying this because some people didn't like the scene, but I liked Crowley. I'm not sure if he's to be trusted, but being a demon, that seemed almost expected and in this case, irrelevant. You can speculate that he was set up by Lucifer to give the boys the Colt, that all of it was planned and calculated by Lucifer so that the boys could get and use the Colt only to learn it's useless against him or you can take Crowley on face value, that his theory seems logical and sound and given the selfish nature of demons, it's not all together surprising that he would want to protect his own interests. The fact that it started the way it did somehow lulls you, at first, into believing that maybe the Colt might be their way out...Of course, none of us believed that because just by episode logistics alone, there was no way they were going to succeed in killing Lucifer, still, I thought it was a great intro.
My other favorite moment from the beginning was at Bobby's house. I loved Castiel drinking those shots and the picture that Bobby wanted to take of everyone:
"Anyway, I'm gonna need something to remember your sorry asses by."
Then Castiel's sobering words, even though you can't help, but wonder just how sober he was when he said them, which pretty much leaves everyone speechless:
"Bobby's right. Tomorrow we hunt the devil. This is our last night on Earth."
Nothing grimmer than that very matter-of-fact statement of truth. I loved that picture and a friend and fellow fan Tamara was kind enough to send me that pic. Thanks to her, I have that moment immortalized. I thank her from the bottom of my DeanGirl heart.
Sidenote: I LOVED that the background music to that scene was Oye Como Va by Santana. A particular favorite of mine from my youth. Once again, the music sets the mood perfectly.
The scene with Meg was good and played the transition to being trapped like rats effectively. Still not convinced of Rachel Miner though. I really miss Nicki Aycox. Still, I love how Castiel uses her arrogance against her as he uses her as a bridge to cross the flaming oil later. When the hellhounds attacked, it was tense and when Jo got hurt, you knew it was over for her in a second, especially after seeing her wound. My friend Tiffany thought that Dean didn't seem all that afraid, at least not for himself and you can see that when he discovers they are there, a look crosses his face (again, this deserves another "How does Jensen do that?") like, "Oh, crap" more than fear. He's worried for the others, but not necessarily for himself. Jo's heroism as well as her acceptance of her fate proves to us all that she's earned her hunter's credentials and has grown up. It's she who makes everyone see, especially her mother, that there is only one way out and that she can provide it as her last act to give them time to get away. I really enjoyed how they all created the bombs as they set their booby trap. In a way, it reminded me of the old show The A-Team. It wasn't as light hearted as that show does it, but the sequence had all the marks of an organized effort to get the plan in play. It was teamwork coalesced into a single motivation.
Okay, the scene when Dean kisses Jo was as beautiful as it was bittersweet. Chaste yet filled with unfulfilled potential. Alona Tal did a great job of showing a matured Jo from when we last saw her with Dean. She didn't fall for Dean's charms, preferring to keep her self-respect and yet you know that if the circumstances had been different, she would have liked to have had a second chance with Dean as the all grown up Jo that she has become. All this made her death that much more solemn and the sacrifice that much more keenly felt. I loved that Dean gave her that kiss and I loved their last words to each other:
"See you on the other side. Probably sooner than later."
"Make it later."
It was the right lift among the sadness. And this DeanGirl had a moment of envy and jealousy like you wouldn't believe. HEE!!! Can you blame me? A last kiss from Dean Winchester? If you have to go, not a bad way to do it in my book. Ahem, okay, DeanGirl moment over.
Like always, the ending just MESMERIZED!! Despite knowing that they weren't going to be successful, what happened at the end was just FREAKIN' AMAZING!! Once again, Mark Pellegrino gets TOTAL KUDOS for maintaining a steely, really scary cool throughout. His tone belies his actions as he buries the women and children of the town whom he has just killed to bring on Death. It's completely mind blowing how confusing the moment is. I LOVED that it was Sam and Lucifer who had the last conversation together. Like I said, even knowing that Lucifer wouldn't be killed, when he gets up after Dean shoots him point blank with the Colt, after what seemed like a long, uncertain silence, it's like the most eeriest resurrection EVER! I was just as aghast and dumbstruck as the boys were. It was THAT stunning a moment for me. When he then reveals that he is one of five things that the Colt can't kill, you feel your own spirit deflate with the knowledge.
Then it's just Sam and Lucifer and when Lucifer taunts Sam about how he will become his vessel in Detroit within 6 months, all of Sam's defiance feels useless, in fact, Lucifer uses Sam's rage against him,
"That's good, Sam. You keep fanning that fire in your belly. All that pent up rage, I'm gonna need it."
And what's irritating is that Lucifer is smiling all the while. Like I said, a confidence that scares the crap out of you.
It's when Lucifer, like Gabriel, points out to Sam that it's Sam's destiny to be his vessel, you can't help, but feel it's all true. You see the tears in Sam's eyes and your heart breaks with him.
"You, of all people, should understand."
"And what's that supposed to mean?"
"I was a son, a brother, like you, a younger brother and I had an older brother who I loved, idolized, in fact, and one day I went to him and I begged him to stand with me and Michael...Michael turned on me, called me a freak, a monster, and then he beat me down. All because I was different, because I had a mind of my own. Tell me something, Sam, any of this sound familiar?"
It's here that you can almost hear the resentment, the vengefulness that he usually hides well with his measured tone of voice. And as Sam listens, you can't help, but see how painful the words are to hear, that Lucifer succeeds in telling his story to match Sam's journey, making them parallel and maybe by doing that, letting Sam see that their fates will be as one entity, brought together by similar emotions and actions. Again, Mark Pellegrino does this effortlessly and Jared plays the pain of realization to excruciating effect. When Lucifer sacrifices the remaining townspeople, now inhabited with demons, then says,
"What? They're just demons."
you realize that Crowley was right. Lucifer cares just as little about demons as he does about humans and is just using them as a means to an end. Castiel even affirms that with Meg before he uses her as a bridge. I cheered when he did. It's nice to see Cas taunt a little. I also LOVED that he rescues Sam and Dean just as the ritual begins. Angel teleportation is SO COOL!
As it ends with Bobby, Sam and Dean burning the picture in the fire place, you can't help, but feel the grim, dark, dismal, and pretty much hopeless outlook for the future of our boys and their friends. Talk about leaving no room for even a sliver of hope or in another way seeing only one hope left to them and that being unthinkable choices for both of our brothers. Using Dante's words from his Divine Comedy was a good choice and having studied it at length in an English class lo so many years ago, it was the perfect capper for the show to begin its holiday hiatus.
As I said, it seems odd to enjoy and love an episode so filled with demoralization, but I did and as much for the dark and sad events that took place in it as I did for the totally not-easy route they are taking our boys. I think it's a credit to the Supernatural writers for not painting a rosy picture of the future, that yes, we all believe that in the final analysis, Lucifer will be beaten back and that good will prevail, but not without hard choices being made, not without paying for making wrong decisions, taking responsibility for one's actions, not without human casualties. Victory is always portrayed as simply as just being good, acting good, doing the right things, but as humans we are all bound by flaws and frailties and the ability to make our own choices, our beloved free will governed by those flaws and frailties. It's what makes us who we are and some might say, it's those qualities that God saw as beautiful about us. I think that the second half of the season will be awesome and mind blowing and I can't wait to see what comes next.
Hope, oh, you bet it's there, but we're going to need one mighty bright flashlight to find it right now.
See you back here next year (gosh, that hurts just saying it) and thanks for reading as always!
Unabashed Spoiler Hound & Fanfic writer
Reveling in the fickle nature of fangirlishness
( 1 comment — Leave a comment )
Both Samantha Ferris and Alona Tal just brought the pathos with everything they had and I LOVED how they played the mother-daughter bond with such believability that it made perfect sense for Ellen to not leave her daughter alone to die, that she would end up pushing the button for the cause. As an agonizingly tragic last act, it was beautiful.
I totally agree! They did an excellent job with those scenes.
Mark Pellegrino and Misha Collins played their roles with stellar perfection!
They really did! That was a great scene too~ So eerie...
Then it's just Sam and Lucifer and when Lucifer taunts Sam about how he will become his vessel in Detroit within 6 months, all of Sam's defiance feels useless, in fact, Lucifer uses Sam's rage against him.
Lol, when he said that, my first thought, was "Sam, stay away from Detroit!" Unless trying to do that is what will get him there... *looks worried*
Awesome blog as always!!! :D
I totally agree! They did an excellent job with those scenes.
Mark Pellegrino and Misha Collins played their roles with stellar perfection!
They really did! That was a great scene too~ So eerie...
Then it's just Sam and Lucifer and when Lucifer taunts Sam about how he will become his vessel in Detroit within 6 months, all of Sam's defiance feels useless, in fact, Lucifer uses Sam's rage against him.
Lol, when he said that, my first thought, was "Sam, stay away from Detroit!" Unless trying to do that is what will get him there... *looks worried*
Awesome blog as always!!! :D


text:
EMF (Electromagnetic Field) Irritants
EMF Worst Offender (Electric Fields),
Harmonics, Faraday cages, and Grounding
There is a desire by those in the sensitive community to reduce their sensitivities, and become more tolerant of "normal" environments. Absolutely justified. However, there are some "consultants" and "experts" whose qualifications do not match their titles, yet who are able to influence the direction that these sensitives pick and choose for what should be right for their needs. What has resulted is a well-intentioned campaign of misinformation by those who think they know what they claim, to the disservice of the sensitive community at large.
I would like to help correct this great error, and help that community, knowing that there is a possibility, however small, that I may be among them sometime in the distant future. Many sensitives claim Chemical or EMF sensitivity exclusively. However, the reality is that anyone with an impaired immune system (by whatever reason) will be sensitive to some extent to both chemical and electrical issues. So if you are "chemically sensitive," but Not "electrically sensitive," and wonder why you are not healing, read on, as in this monologue only electrical issues will be explored, and "sensitives" will imply anyone with any sensitivity, of any form.
There is a normal electromagnetic system that exists within and around our planet that, despite scoffers' comments, is necessary for our survival. It produces unidirectional voltage and current, mostly. These steady-state components produce Electric and Magnetic fields, respectively, that have been our normal everyday setting, from before recorded history until the late 1800s. The planetary Magnetic field, and the gently changing Electric field have connected us to the Earth's periodic rhythms. All of the following EMF irritants in contrast, are Alternating (continuously changing) in character.
Some of the more common questions / comments I receive are: "How many milliGauss (mG) are bad?," or "I read 0 mG on my meter, yet I still react, to something . . ." or "there's a cell tower nearby," or there's a power line nearby, or "they want to install a smart-meter." However, EMF (Electromagnetic Fields) implies there may be something Electric, something Magnetic, or an interplay of the two, at one or many frequencies. The last two words place most Trifield meter outside of scientific circles (do not confuse Trifield with "triaxial," where the latter means three sensing coils). In addition to being insensitive to Electric or RF fields, they are too sensitive to Magnetic fields (especially when Harmonics are present), and they are sensitive to electrostatic phenomena, in that dry air will make their "detected" values bogus. These meters reinforce the myth, and limited understanding of the users, and some "consultants," that EMFs (electromagnetic fields) means Magnetic fields exclusively. In my more than 20 years doing Environmental work, the culprits stand clear, and they are as follows:
1) The quickest and most profound EMF irritants by far are Alternating Electric Fields, Not Magnetic fields.
2) Second in relevance are Harmonics (whole number multiples of 60 Hz (not some oddball presence in the frequency spectrum at 15 or 50 kHz that is there all by its lonesome)) , or what some people designate as "dirty" electricity. I will not use the latter term, because it implies that I have a filter to sell you. I don't.
3) Third in relevance are Radio Frequencies (RF), and specifically pulsed RFs.
4) Last, but not least, are Alternating Magnetic Fields. But because it's the simplest and cheapest to measure, it seems to stand alone as "the" culprit.
The order just described can change if a field type is much greater in extent than the others, relative to the threshold of interaction. To make matters more confusing, the threshold of interaction will vary with several qualities of the exposed individual, among which are: age, sex, genetics, general state of health, and other lingering disease such as Lyme.
Alternating Electric Fields
To place matters in perspective, more than 90% of North America is outfitted with a type of wire, commonly referred to as "Romex," that emanates Alternating Electric Fields through the plastic jacket. This predisposes that percentage of the population to disease. Some "experts" have gone so far as to state that twisting the Romex will reduce the EMF (because of their use of the above named meter, which reinforces their lack of understanding) . . . but it will Not. They are ignorant, but they have a forum on the Internet, and an audience, so they propagate an ongoing lie, with the appearance of truth. The twisting of wires is employed in digital data (Ethernet) cables, such as Cat3, Cat4, Cat5, etc. where the wires within the plastic jacket are twisted so many turns per inch (increasing the number of turns for the higher Cat numbers). The intended effect is that if they travel past a Magnetic field, and if that field has a large footprint, the influence on the respective wires will be of opposite polarity from one twist position to another along the cable, causing Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) cancellation. Unfortunately, the inverse does not hold true. That is, twisting Romex (which is a Source of Electric Fields) will simply twist the emitted Alternating Electric Field into a Helix, but will not diminish it (Even if we were all so naive as to think that the EMFs emitted only consisted of Magnetic (mG) fields, twisting the wiring will still Not reduce that field.). So about 90% of North America has Romex installed, some "experts" recommend Romex as superior to Armored / Shielded wire (the latter which eliminates the Electric field), and claim that just twisting the cable will make its emissions all better, when in fact they are only considering Magnetic fields, which are self-canceling when wiring is done correctly. Sorry boys, you got it all wrong.
A common MPE (Maximum Permissible Exposure) is 5000 V/m (Volts per meter), based on short-term exposure (albeit with a safety factor thrown in for good measure). However, some sensitives react to common residential long-term levels of less than 50 V/m.
Harmonics, second in order of importance, have been grossly misrepresented by various entities fighting for an uninformed public's moneys. Harmonics are caused by nonlinear / non-smooth usage of Current. That's right, Current (which causes Magnetic fields, and with wiring done properly, there should be no wide-area sources of Magnetic fields). The amount that the Current wave shape deviates from the wave shape of the provided Voltage will determine the Current's level of distortion. The proper designation for that deviation is THD (Total Harmonic Distortion). Current can have THD from 0 for a totally Linear load (like an Incandescent lamp, and yes, they still make them) to perhaps 50% for something nonlinear (like a dimmer switch). Other devices that have large THD are Fluorescent lighting (of any shape / size), most LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) when fed off of 50/60 Hz, and SPS / SMPS (Switching / Switch Mode Power Supplies), such as used for anything Digital. SPS are also used for newer fluorescent lighting (replacing older Ballast systems), for low voltage lighting (such as under-cabinet lighting), LED lighting, and computers.
The THD of Current defines how you are using it in your living space. Since Current is directly proportional to Power, more current used, more power used. Within the design capacity of your local (indoor residential) power system, you should be able to use Current as nonlinearly as possible, with no impact on the supplied Voltage. That is mostly true, in that Voltage may depict THD of 0 to 2%, for Current THD of 0 to 40%. Unfortunately, since most homes have a pervasive Electric Field environment, the Harmonics are now also available in free space, riding on the electric field. This has led some entities with questionable ethics to name this phenomenon "dirty" electricity, and of course with their solution being a capacitive filter, which peculiarly addresses the THD in Voltage, Not Current (where the real problem lies). At least three entities market such filters: Stetzer, Greenwave, and Quiet Island. There are likely others, but not as visible as these three. A newer entry is the DNA series, calling their filters "dissipative," to distinguish them from the other "inappropriate" ones, because "dissipative is better."
Of particular technical interest is that Stetzer has developed a meter to allow the user to determine that his filters are doing "something." He has produced a unit of measurement, the Graham Stetzer Unit (GSU), which only exists in the Stetzer universe, and does not relate to any legitimate measurement metric, to measure this electrical "dirt." Greenwave has taken the challenge of downplaying Stetzer's GSUs as not legitimate, and instead promoting its own metric of mV (milliVolts) for Harmonics, and of course, their own unique meter. But in reality, Harmonics are not legitimately measured in GSUs or mV.
Harmonics are legitimately measured (by standardized convention) on a spectrum analyzer's frequency display as a % of the available Voltage. Find any Harmonics greater than 3% of the 60 Hz component of 120V, and the THD is out of spec. Find the aggregate of the Harmonics as greater than 5% of 120V, and the THD is out of spec. So what, if it's out of spec? This is the same criteria that electric utilities employ to penalize large power consumers who severely distort their Current usage, causing the utilities to have to compensate. Accordingly, most large consumers have in-house power conditioning systems, to preclude hefty utilities' punitive fines. Justifiably, a consumer that finds their input power THD out of spec, should similarly be able to take the utility to task, to provide clean power (although "the knife can cut both ways" . . .).
Harmonics (External) on the ESG (Electrical System Ground), relative to an IEG (Isolated Earth Ground), with power OFF.
Harmonics (Internal) on a bus voltage (different home than previous sketch, note the different vertical scales).
Why you might ask, is it relevant to see what is on the ESG? Because some sensitives react even with all power turned off, and almost no other detectable EMF background. So it's not necessarily the abundance of many EMF contributors that may ail you, but the mere presence of certain frequencies, akin to your biological tuned forks being made to ring on cue.
To confuse things further, Stetzer has gone on to state that Harmonics faster than 4 kHz (4000 Hz) are the only ones that are relevant. Unfortunately for Stetzer's "subjects," reality contradicts him, in that the Harmonics closest to 60 Hz are usually those most energetic (as most noticeable from the lower of the two sketches above), and thus most biologically relevant. Note that in both sketches the 60 Hz peak (the first, all the way to the left in each sketch) is way off scale and is clipped off (realize you are looking at Voltage, and the display is greatly zoomed in vertically, to show the wide-band presence of Harmonics). While some might look at the first sketch with the dinosaur backbone and possibly agree with the 4kHz criteria, what happens when the situation is as in the second sketch, where most of the harmonics energy is concentrated below 4 kHz? Additional food for thought is that the upper of the two sketches above is of the ESG (Electrical System Ground) relative to Earth ground. If the ESG is intended as the drain / sink for the "dirty" energy, what happens when that ESG is "dirty" to begin with? Installing any of these capacitive "filters," will make the "dirt" flow in both directions, either from the energized buses to the ESG, or vice versa, if your energized buses are "clean." A group of consultants from the Building Biology school have bought into the Stetzer criteria, because that was what they were taught, because their instructors did not know how to quantify Harmonics, or refused to instruct what they may have felt was an incapable audience. That is, with the exception of a small group of Building Biologists from the Eastern Seaboard, who've received additional mentoring. The situation is unfortunate, because depending on the consultant you hire, you may get filter promotion BS, or real data . . .
There is no MPE for human exposure to Harmonics. Nonetheless Harmonics are biological irritants due to their wide spectrum energy content, and because many portions of their frequency span trespass on frequency ranges our bodies are sensitive to. Harmonics irritation is similar to tones triggering resonance in tuned forks, only needing a vanishingly small trigger input.
Some of the perceptions or possible biological reactions are: tinnitus, hot flashes (men also), perception of earthquake phenomena when near cabling, extremity burning sensation when using digital devices, sleep disruption, sleep deprivation, frequent urination, incontinence (these latter two most likely during sleep), epileptic seizures. The type of impact will mostly depend on the frailty of the individual's immune system. And of course, you've heard this before, as with any irritant, those most sensitive are children, then the elderly, then the injured, then women, then men, in that general order. Women especially, are more vulnerable due to their subtle chemical changes.
On Faraday cages
There is a common myth in the sensitive community that Faraday cages will block EMFs. In a perfect world, maybe, but not here. A perfect Faraday cage is an electrically conductive enclosure, which by definition has a sealed surface. That alone should immediately clue in most readers that Faraday cages are not something one might want to live in. But in the real world, those well-meaning consultants will install doors, windows, wire and plumbing penetrations, and shape it to look like a "home." Depending on the physical dimensions, and the dimensions of the openings, external energy can / will leak in, and cause localized EMF / RF echo effects that are stronger than if the structure was not conductive / metallic. This is due to a secondary antenna effect peculiar to any alternating frequency, but for our interests, from 50/60 Hz to the GHz region.
The premise of a Faraday cage is also that you will Not bring into it any device that can cause emissions of any form. Doing so voids the intent and application of having isolation, albeit imperfect, to begin with. All power cords must be shielded. Time and again, I've found the very opposite of these necessary precautions. It seems that because someone "sold" them an electrically "safe" environment, they can go on and use all sorts of electrics, and then wonder why they perceive irritation . . .
It is outright deplorable, when homes are marketed across the country as "safe," when in fact they may be to some extent, but chemically only. That leaves out one half of reality. When a new tenant arrives at one of these "safe" houses (after a years-long waiting list cycles through), and cannot cope with the abundance of Harmonic content from adjoining structures, and has to live with his / her power turned off to survive, we have relegated the tenant to the stone age in a modern world. Are we any better off than snake oil sales people, when we have no clue what we're doing, and yet promote ourselves as if we do?
On Faraday cages AND Grounding
Depending on what field sources are nearby, may dictate that such a Faraday cage attempt, be grounded.
The previous paragraphs clearly indicate that you would NOT want to ground the metallic / conductive structure to the ESG, due to its harmonics signature. Grounding it to anything else, and excluding contact with the ESG, as difficult as it may seem, is doable, with a caveat.
Another myth common to the sensitive community is similar to what electricians also believe, and that is that overzealous grounding never hurt, anyone. Really? Too many grounds are as bad as, or worse than, not enough grounding. Pick your poison.
On Grounding
When America was electrified, somewhere around the late 1800s / early 1900s, there was a mix of grounded and ungrounded systems. Interestingly, grounded systems would produce lethal shock hazards, while ungrounded systems did not. The difference hinges on a single concept. Electricity needs a complete loop to flow through. A grounded system's live wire(s) coming in contact with a human / animal would energize the human / animal, and since both were grounded, a complete loop existed, causing death. An ungrounded system's live wire(s) coming in contact with a human / animal would energize the human / animal, but since the system was not grounded, the human / animal might feel a shock, but not death. The electric utility, however, had a lot of money invested in transformers, and they realized an equipment failure rate that they wanted to reduce. The failure rate was due to Lightning, which occurs at the extremes of some of the more common laws of electricity. A study was undertaken, and it was found that if they installed a bunch of lightning arresters along the circuit path, the equipment was protected. It was also found that if the circuit was operated with one leg grounded, the number of lightning arresters could be reduced, with the same result.
Be that as it may, there is now, still, a scattered mix of grounded and ungrounded systems. The issue of grounding presents some inherent problems. That is because, in our physical universe, electrical conductors are not perfect, and any current flow will cause a voltage difference from one end of a conductor to the other. This occurs on both the supply, and return wires. If the supply wire has 120 V on it, the source end may have exactly 120, but the moment current begins to flow, the load end will no longer have 120 V, but something less because of that voltage difference, which I'll call a voltage drop. What happens on the return wire? Well, the same, right? Almost. If we talk about a long extension cord, the return wire (also called the Neutral) will now have a voltage difference, which I'll call a voltage rise, at the load end when current flows. Or rather the return wire at the load end will no longer be at exactly zero volts, like it might have been at the source, but will have some voltage higher than zero (it couldn't be a "voltage drop," because a voltage drop lower than zero cannot exist in our physical universe). That should not be a problem, because we are not supposed to come in contact with any conductor carrying current, ever.
If we connect the source and load end of the neutral to the earth and call it the Electrical System Ground (ESG), as the electric utility does, then any return current will attempt to build a voltage difference from one end of the neutral to the other. Since both ends are grounded, the earth applies a restraining force to the buildup of any voltage difference. This restraining force causes some current to flow through the soil. I'll call this "grounding" / Stray current. Additionally, the ESG is now part of a current-carrying metallic system that is accessible for human / animal contact, in contradiction to the basic tenet of insulation and isolation.
Enter the National Electric Code.
To protect us from ourselves, we are going to connect anything and everything metallic to the ESG. A water spigot is now connected to a current carrying conductor, the neutral, which at the source and point-of-use is grounded. If a barefoot human / animal touches the water spigot, and there is current flow in the system, the human / animal will feel a "tingle voltage" shock, because that Voltage on the ESG (I'll call this Stray Voltage) will see that human / animal as another parallel path for current to flow through, to ground. When is a tingle Voltage a problem? Wisconsin has acquired some fame, of sorts, because of the suits against electric utilities brought by farmers whose cattle experience behavior modification, from tingle voltage contact, and I strongly suspect, more so if that tingle voltage is rich in harmonics. Behavior modification you say? Well, what about my kids? Can't they also be susceptible? Nah, they're immune. Really? I have seen the ESG as high as 25 V relative to an IEG. How high is yours?
If the current used is nonlinear, the voltage drop or voltage rise (= Stray voltage), will have a voltage signature that will have Harmonics in it. Connect a Faraday cage to the Stray voltage, and any sensitive individual will not be able to tolerate it. But who in their right mind would think of doing this? Someone promoting a "safe" house with a Faraday feature, of course! There is an outfit on the West Coast that built such a structure, that refuses, out of apparent stupidity, or perhaps fear of liability, to acknowledge that they screwed up. Their claim to infallibility: They had a Building Biology Electrical Engineer that told them to do it that way. They suggested that any issues were only related to the cell tower located nearby. However, I verified that the nearby cell tower was located beyond a hill, and with the additional dense tree buffer the RF signal vanished in the background noise level (so a nearby cell tower, with all details factored in, may be irrelevant). The Stray Voltage on the ESG, however, became progressively worse as the day wore on, because it became greater, and had more Harmonics in it, due to the increasing neighborhood usage, counter to their statements. Sensitive home buyer beware!
A sidelight on RF (Radio frequency)
This discussion will only hint at RF or its effects, as most exposures are mediated by the Electric Field when the exposure is from the Far-field. That is, more than one wavelength away. RF exposure in the Near-field is a whole different ball game. While Far-field exposure to RF usually only involves minimal flesh penetration of perhaps a few mm (millimiters), exposure to Near-field RF is mediated by the separate Electric and Magnetic field components. The human body is almost transparent to Magnetic fields. Almost transparent . . . except for the biological interaction. Now, there are many questions about cause and effect, but as research findings were beginning, and are now continuing, to show, long-term exposure to near-field appears to cause tumors that have been dubbed "benign." However, I fail to see how a tumor can be benign, if you have to be cut open to extract it. So don't worry, keep using those fancy electronics that include that idiotic message at the end of each e-mail saying "sent from my iPhone," "sent from my iPad," or "sent from my Android doo-dad with all the bells and whistles, ha ha" while asking why you should be concerned. Because when you use a wireless device, you are at or above established MPEs (read your manual to verify same), as well as having thorough energy penetration in your body. If that is your life, I feel for you, should you become a statistic, because you brought it on yourself.
For someone with sensitivities, there is an urgent need to eliminate all Near-Field exposure inasmuch as possible.
So, what is an EMF "safer" home?
A properly EMF "safer" home should have exterior walls made of Cementitious materials, panels, or blocks, which will suppress (not eliminate) Electric and RF field from outdoors.
A properly EMF "safer" home should have Armored wiring, eliminating the inherent Electric field with every other type of wire, even "twisted" ones.
A properly EMF "safer" home should Not have any cabling, armored or otherwise directly underneath the living spaces, but should be laid under partition walls.
A properly EMF "safer" home should have a minimum (or none) conventional fixture / appliance cordage near any long stay time areas, such as the bed, or an office. Standardized Shielded cordage is available that eliminates Electric field emissions, and which can easily be retrofitted into these devices, when they are necessary.
A properly EMF "safer" home should be the only one being fed off of its power transformer.
A properly EMF "safer" home should not have any voltage on its ESG, relative to the soil more than 10' away. Realistically there will always be some voltage, as long as any current is used.
A properly EMF "safer" home should have nothing resembling a Faraday cage configuration, anywhere.
A properly EMF "safer" home should Not have any variable frequency drives, unless appropriate factory-installed filtering is employed, such that it/they is/are not detectable at the electric panel.
A properly EMF "safer" home should have no digital electronics. Hard to believe this is still possible, in the present "digital" age, but it is. Not wanting to constrain sensitives to the stone age, some digital devices may be tolerable during daytme, but must be completely shut down during sleep hours.
The extent to which these are employed will determine the extent to which the home is properly EMF "safer."
Sorry if these seem drastic, but I do not have, nor is there anywhere, or from anyone, a pill that will magically make these issues go happily their merry way, away from us. But if that's what you're looking for, there are several pendants, chips, plug-ins, magnetic cling-ons, etc., that resonate, harmonize, or otherwise render innocuous the ambient EMFs. To date I have not been able to substantiate any of their claims, which fall into faith-based / snake oil (or ostentatious BS) claims. So, if that's the path you choose, you're on your own.
Presented as a Public Service by Environmental Assay Inc.
You're welcome.


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Come visit us in our new offices and visitor's center
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A new Bat-Bar Mitzvah Center in Tzfat
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Kabbalah teaches that there are four spiritual worlds:
Emanation – Atzilut Creation – BeriahFormation – Yetzirah Action – Assiyah
The articles in this section will explain the role of each of the four worlds in simple words. This section is based on the Book 'Discovering Jewish Mysticism' by Rabbi Nissan Dubov.
The Parable – The 4 stagesImagine a couple has an idea that they want to build the ideal house for themselves and their family. The idea struck them totally out of the blue. In a flash they had a picture in their mind of a state-of-the-art palatial home with gardens and a pool. Relishing such an idea, the couple then sat down and worked out the entire structure in their mind by visualizing each bedroom, dining room, kitchen, garage, etc. In the mind, the initial idea has been developed in breadth and depth. After such a beautiful dream, they could easily delete the entire image from their mind. However, to carry the idea further, they have to get emotionally excited about the idea. The couple must then call an architect and a builder and start putting the initial idea on paper. Once the plans have been drawn up, our couple then has to go into the practicalities of buying a plot of land, applying for building permission, financing the project, and the actual building of the house. Only after months of work will the house be finished and our couple may then enter the fulfillment of their dream.We could delineate four stages in this process:1) The initial flash of inspiration (concept) 2) The broadening of the concept (developing the concept in detail)3) Emotional involvement and the drawing of actual plans4) Practicalities (building)Kabbalah explains that these four stages were also used in the creation of the world.


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So .. switched off all electric appliances. I did learn a lesson on how effectively one hour can be used.But wait... should nt that be a lesson on global warming and other stuff? Never mind !
supper was ready an hour earlier, was offline for more than 2 hrs in the evening hours, instead , I was playing with the kid, set right some long waiting tasks.
Sunday, March 29, 2009
5 comments:
- Karthik said...
I was about to switch off TV but NAMITHA machan in VIJAY tv came and put off my plan.. :((((
- April 1, 2009 at 7:34 AM
- R-ambam said...
its ok .. Comp off (?!) mathiri innoru naal electrical appliance laam switch off pannidunga , ok?
- April 1, 2009 at 8:28 AM
- Easy Kitchen tips said...
Hats off, ma!Am trying to do that.
- April 27, 2009 at 8:09 AM
- R-ambam said...
ithukke hats off.. aa?
- April 29, 2009 at 8:06 AM
- Easy Kitchen tips said...
Aamam ma, atleast u tried. Ella voru encouragement thaan.
- April 29, 2009 at 9:34 AM
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A chant sung by Southampton fans about Saints Defenders.
Ryan Bertrand ,, he is our left back
virgil van dyik beside him
cedric and jose fonte
southamptons back four
you know ,, no one can beat them
you know ,, you can't defeat them
they're just too f*****g awesome
southamptons back four.
To the tune of: Come on Eileen , Dexys Midnight Runners
Votes: 30
Submitted by: Simon young on Friday 13 November 2015 at 00:48
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Week 2 has come and gone, and with its passing, a chaos-ified Trapjaw will soon be awaiting paint.
With Dark Vengeance helbrute in tow for the Dreadtober challenge, I managed to squeeze in enough time to customize my dread to taste. To recap, week one entailed the ironing out of a rough plan for the creation of the Trapjaw character from Masters of the Universe. Trapjaw is a rather malefic chap who started out as a space mercenary of sorts, but soon became one of Skeletor's most notable henchmen (and a very cool figure, if I recall correctly from my childhood). His character was fleshed out a bit more later in the toy series (and apparently in a more recent run of comic books, vice the original mini-books that shipped with figures from the early 80s). First, here is a picture of the Masters of the Universe Trapjaw figure:
This is the rough visual I maintained in my mind's eye, and I was able to sculpt in most of his attributes (cyborg arm, helmet with iron lower jaw, bitchin' belt with hooks for additional appendages) over the course of the week.
Without further ado:
The green stuff work requires some touching up in places, but otherwise attempts to capture the feel of Trapjaw. The head belongs to an ogryn, while the belt and furry loin cloth/pelt are crude greenstuff creations. I also repositioned the legs on the helbrute in order to get rid of that 'soiled diaper/droopy drawers' look .
I magnetized the bionic arm at the elbow, and almost any weapon from GW's Helbrute full kit should work (I keep an assortment of these on, well…Hand). I used my dremel to remove the exhaust vents on the back, as well as the left shoulder pad; this leaves his right arm and shoulder as the cyborg portion of the model.
The power fist did not have many alterations, other than the removal of the heavy flamer 'maw' on the palm. The left chest required some greenstuff modifications, which I suspect will need to be cleaned up a bit before applying paint.
I have a few mold lines to fill in, as well as a base to flock and flesh out…But otherwise, he is progress in the making!


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He was very balanced at the crease.
who katich?are u joking?
Do you have a photo link of this stance Simmy? I recently changed mine, used to have mine like Trott's (not imitating, just happened to be the same) with the bat landing in the middle of my feet when I tap, but have now made an effort to move the bat behind my right foot. Much easier for me now
as buz pointed out to be jessie ryder for me
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|An Appeal From Our Christian Brothers And Sisters in Israel
|Dear Brothers and Sisters,
Tuesday was Holocaust Remembrance Day. As the Church was silent 60 years ago, most of the church is silent today.
We are in a fight for our lives and with each passing day the world comes against us with more venom and hatred. There is a lying spirit at work in the world and in your nation that is demonizing Israel and perversely calling Palestinian terrorists innocent victims. We are fighting not only demonized flesh but powers and principalities, the father of lies.
The world is much more concerned with Yasser Arafat's welfare than with the 130 innocent victims of suicide bombers in March alone. We are bleeding and yet we are accused of being the evil ones.
In the way that you express love to us, pray for us, and give to Israel and to the Body, you have shown your friendship to us. You have repented for your people's sins against the Jewish people 60 years ago and over the past 2000 years, but what are you doing practically today to help us in this life and death battle?
We thank you for your prayers, however prayer and kind words are not enough in the desperate situation we are in today. We need you not only to pray but to stand up, speak up, and make your voices heard in your nation.
There is an initiative in Germany for the spiritual leaders of that nation to publish a full page letter of support for Israel and calling on their government to stand with Israel in its hour of need. We would recommend this initiative to your nation as well. In the USA there will be a march of support for Israel in Washington, D.C. on Monday, this too is a good way to demonstarate to your government and your people where you stand.
We need your help TODAY.
At the start of our present military campaign, 31,000 reservist received what is called a "Zav Shmone". This is an emergency mobilization order. It does not give the reservist a week to get his house in order, but hours to report for duty in a life and death struggle.
We cannot issue you a Zav Shmone, but it is our heart's cry to you and we believe it is the L-rd's as well.
Colin Powell is on his way here to break Arafat out of his isolation and bring in international "peace keepers" to Israel. We need your help now!
Also, as a witness to the People of Israel, they need to know that there is a people called Christians who do not hate us but are willing to stand with us in this dark hour.
Please take this appeal to heart and to the L-rd. If He bears witness to it, do something NOW.
Eliyahu Ben-Haim, Intercessors for Israel Chuck Cohen, Intercessors for Israel/Kehilat King of Kings
Daniel Yahav, Kehilat Peniel Gidon Ulmer, Kehilat Peniel
Avi Mizrachi, Kehilat Adonai Roi David Wright, Kehilat Adonai Roi
Wayne Hilsden, Kehilat King of Kings Seth Ben-Haim, Kehilat King of Kings
Michael Moran, Kehilat King of Kings Howard Bass, Kehilat Beersheva
Olavi Sevanto, Kehilat Beersheva Mike Cederberg, Kehilaat Beersheva
Gary Denlinger, Israel College of the Bible David Boyd, Israel College of the Bible
Efraim Goldsten, Jews for Jesus Amie Klein, Emmaus Way
Rick Ridings, Succat Hallel Yossi Ovadia, Kehilat Karmiel
Art Goldberg, Kehilat Keren Yeshuah Noam Hendren, Kehilat Keren Yeshuah
John Pex, Kehilat Eliat David Stern, Kehilat El Roi
Philip Seguin Kehilat El Roi Mark Chapinsky, Ohalai Rachamim
Gidon Shmuel, Beit Yadidiya Simha Dovidov, Trumpet of Salvation
Yaacov Damkani, Trumpet of Salvation Gavnei Gefen, Kener Hashichut
Herman Hauhuastein, Kehilat Emek Yisrael Ray Sanders, Christian Friends of Yisrael
Neil Cohen, Christ Church Jerusalem Murray Dixon ITAC - Israel Trust of the Anglican Church
Ray Lockhart, ITAC - Israel Trust of the Anglican Church Ray Higton, ITAC - Israel Trust of the Anglican Church
Baruch Maayan, Kehilat Brit Olam Albert Nessim, Kehilat Nahariya
Shmuel Aweida, Beit Eliahu, Haifa Jostein Aune, The Ebenezer Home Haifa
Zvi Randeiman, Kehilat Succat David Jack Kurtz, Rehovot Messianic Fellowship
Derek Prince, Derek Prince Ministries Ayal Frieden, HRTV
Joseph Shulam, Kehilah Netiviyah Davis, Kehilat Ha Carmel
Peter Tsukahira, Kehilat Ha Carmel [Eva, International Wall of Prayer]


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Beijing, Xian, Shanghai
This is an ideal China tour experience for a short-time traveller - Forbidden City, Great Wall in Beijing, Terracotta Army in Xian and the Jade Buddha Temple in Shanghai are all elements of a worthy journey into the ancient soul of this civilization.
Beijing, Xian, Shanghai, Guilin
Whether you are an ancient-civilization freak or an extreme-sports fanatic, this trip has something truly special in store for you.
Beijing, Xian, Shanghai, Guilin, Hong KongOur China Essence Tour route is an ideal introduction to the ageless wonders of China and provides a memorable vacation.
Guilin, Yangshuo, Xian, BeijingAfter a tour to modern city Shanghai, this tour will focus on a photograph journey to Suzhou, Hangzhou and Guilin, to appreciate the marvelous natural landscape there.
Beijing, Xian, Lhasa, Chongqing, Yangtze River Cruise, Yichang, Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Guilin, Hong KongRich in cultural relics and natural resources, wanna travel through China to appreciate its most popular landscapes, to discover its inner spirit in one time.


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How much does a wedding videographer cost in 2019
How much is a wedding video worth and should you be considering it? For those of you who are struggling with the cost, we might be able to help you decide if it's a worthwhile investment for you. Key questions will be talked about too around quality and need. What sort of style of videography


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At the 2017 Frankfurt Motor Show, Volkswagen revealed the all-electric I.D. Crozz II Concept as a way to tell the audience that they are pushing through with electrification in 2020. At first glance, the design of this concept will remind you of the earlier I.D. Crozz. The compact crossover picks up design cues from it, but is more stylish and eye-catching with its two-tone colour scheme. The one we are seeing live is finished in a Hibiscus Red Metallic paint and a silver roof.
Herbert Diess, Volkswagen CEO said in his statement that their company focuses on making technology more accessible to people. He also said that the Golf of the future must still be the people's car.
Better than the first concept, the Crozz II aesthetically looks better with its new and cleaner headlights, getting rid of the louver-like strips of LED lights. The contrast that the two-tone paint gives really helped with the vehicle's design, especially from the rear three-quarters perspective. There is a nice balance between the silver roof and the red body, making it really stand out from the crowd.
What remained from the first concept is the unusual door layout of the Crozz II. The front doors hinge and the rear ones slide back, getting rid of the the B-pillar which makes it look more spacious too, and gives better access to passengers. VW said that it is not impossible for passengers to be able to open the door through voice commands.
As expected, this electric compact crossover will likely have a pair of electric motor, one at the front and the other one at the rear. The engines enable it to produce 302 horsepower (225 kilowatts), that gives it a top speed of 112 miles per hour (180 kilometers per hour). On full charge, the Crozz II should be able to go as far as 311 miles (500 kilometers). It also has an all-wheel drive layout.
Furthermore, the I.D. Crozz II will be equipped with parts like electronically controlled dampers and a new multi-link rear suspension setup. This lets the concept handle as sharply as the Golf GTI.
The company's plan is to release their very first I.D. electric model in 2020, and this will be a five-door hatchback. And two years from that (in 2022), the first model will be joined by a road-ready interpretation of the I.D. Buzz van concept. This will then be followed by another crossover that will take inspiration from the Crozz II we are looking at now. Who's excited to see the production version of this model?


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As a proud member of the Real Chamber of Commerce I am thrilled to be part of such a wonderful business organization! As with many of the businessmen and businesswomen that belong to the Real Chamber, I bring extensive experience to those looking for a 5-star residential Realtor.
My name is Jill Lamonte, and I'm an experienced REALTOR® with Berkshire Hathaway Home Services, who doesn't believe in cookie-cutter, "one size fits all" real estate solutions. Instead, I take the time to get to know each individual client, learn their tastes and preferences, and listen carefully to understand exactly what they are searching for when buying, selling or renting. If you are in search of a commercial realtor, I also have a wide network of very reputable colleagues to choose from.
My individually tailored approach has proven very successful and the numerous testimonials I have received are a testament to my devotion to each client. As a native Las Vegan, I understand the area dynamics and best marketing practices to attract buyers to your home. If you want to sell, I'll get you the highest price with the least amount of hassle by identifying what makes your home unique and displaying it to the right audience, using a comprehensive marketing plan.
If you're searching for a REALTOR® who respects your schedule, understands your idiosyncrasies, and works diligently to achieve the best outcome, call me at (702) 807-5920 or contact me via my website at WWW.JILLLAMONTEHOMEINFO.COM, and start getting personalized service today.


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On Wednesday May 2nd the industry celebrated Travel Agent Day. ACTA took the day to recognize the work of Travel Agents and promote the dedication and professionalism our members bring to the travel industry by sharing ACTA's top 5 reasons to use a Travel Agent.
Travel Agent Day Message From ACTA!
With Wendy Paradis, President, ACTA
Video provided by Openjaw
In Quebec, Manon Martel, Regional Membership Manager of Quebec hosted Travel Agent Appreciation Day in the Château Taillefer Lafon, Laval:
In Alberta, Judy Bunkall, Regional Membership Manager of Western Canada, brought some cupcakes to our Travel Agencies in the city:
In Ontario, Fiona Bowen, Regional Membership Manager, Ontario & Atlantic visited 7 agencies in Ottawa delivering cookies and wishing all a Happy Travel Agent Day:
- Alqonquin Travel & Cruise Centre TravelPlus, Carlson Wagonlit Global Travel, Uniglobe CBO Travel, Maritime Travel, Iberica Travel, Marlin Travel, and Bytown Travel
Heather Craig-Peddie and Doreen Lynch also popped up to local Travel Agencies around the GTA as well.
To view our full album, visit our Facebook page.
Thank you to all our Travel Agents!
We salute you - the thousands of professional travel agents who share their knowledge, their stories and their personal experiences to help people make their travel dreams come true. You are truly valued and appreciated.
RELATED STORY: Happy Travel Agent Day! - PAX news


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Fresh Salads
We will use either a spring mix or american blend salad mix
Served with ranch, Italian or Blue Cheese
on the side
Small Large
Side - Spring Mix and tomatoes 1.99
Tossed - Spring mix, bell peppers, 3.99 6.99
mushrooms,tomatoes, and croutons.
Chef - Spring Mix, ham, turkey, 4.99 7.99
cheddar cheese, and tomatoes.
Grilled Chicken - Spring Mix, 4.99 7.99
grilled chicken, cheddar cheese, tomatoes, and croutons.
JJ's on Facebook
Wholesale pizza
JJ's on
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JJ's on
Google Map
4711 menaul Albuquerque NM


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Bash Scripts Quickstart Guide
Bash scripts are a great way to automate simple tasks in our electronic day-to-day life. Once you get used to writing them, it easily becomes a productivity increasing habit. Here's a list of my most often used bash features and constructs.
Shebang and Options
I like to start every bash script with the following 3 lines:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e
set -o noclobber
The first is the shebang line which lets us run the script as executable. Note the use of
env which makes the script more portable, as we're no longer bound to where bash is installed.
The second line enters "error sensitive" mode, which will break out of the script in case of unexpected errors. This is helpful in preventing error snowball effect, where the failure of one command leads to more failures down the road.
The third line enters
noclobber mode which protects accidental file clobbering (writing over a file by redirecting with the
> symbol). You can still clobber a file intentionally using
Bash Variables
Variables are defined using a single equal sign with no spaces around it. To its left is the variable name and to the right is the value. Variable names are written in lowercase by convention and multiple words separated by underscores. Some examples:
Variables can include lists of files. Create list by wrapping the value in parenthesis (without quotes):
System environment variables are written in uppercase. Some useful ones include:
HOME- user's home directory
USER- current user
CWD- current directory
Reading the value of a variable is done by prefixing a dollar sign to its name. To disambiguate we can use curlies when needed. Here are some examples:
echo "$file_name"
# Array length
echo "You have ${#files[*]} files"
# Array item by index
echo "The first is: ${files[0]}"
echo "The second is: ${files[1]}"
Bash also supports derived values from variables when reading a value, which lets us cut a prefix or suffix from it:
echo "$file Is /home/ynon/demo.mp3"
# cut prefix until the first dot
echo "${file#*.} is mp3"
# cut suffix until the first dot
echo "${file%.*} is /home/ynon/demo"
The special variable
$0 contains the script name and the positional variables
$3, etc. contain the arguments passed to the script. For example the following snippet calculates the path of the currently running script:
script_path="`realpath ${0%/*}`"
The command
if defines a condition. Bash supports two types of conditional expressions: if command and if expression.
The first executes a command and branches according to its exit status. For example:
# if command
if httping -c 1 "$site" >& /dev/null
echo "Website $site Responded. It's probably alive"
The above code executes
httping -c 1 www.google.com, redirects the output to
/dev/null and prints a message if the command succeeded.
A second version is if expression which evaluates a boolean expression and branches according to its value:
if [[ -f /etc/passwd ]]
echo "path /etc/passwd is a file"
Bash has many built-in test operators. The above code uses
-f which checks if a path is a file. Here are some more:
-fpath is a regular file
-dpath is a directory
-epath exists
-xfile at path is readable, writable or executable.
-sfile is not empty
-z stringstring is zero length
Bash supports 2 types of
for loops and also
while loops. Let's start with the for loops iterating over a list:
# for each text file in my home directory
for f in files
echo "$f"
head -1 "$f"
Classic for loops are supported and written using double parenthesis:
# count from 2 till 20
for (( i=0; i <= 20; i++ ))
echo $i
while loops work as you'd expect from other languages. Like
if, they can also be used either with commands or with boolean expressions.
The following snippet searches for an available file name with a known prefix using while:
while [[ -f myfile_$i ]]
(( i++ ))
echo "Found new name: myfile_$i"
touch myfile_$i
Bash supports functions using the keyword
function. Inside a function's body the variables
$3, etc. hold the arguments passed to the function. The following function
mcd will call mkdir and then cd to it:
function mcd {
mkdir -p "$1"
cd "$1"
# creates a new directory and cd to it
mcd demo
Functions can declare local variables using the
local keyword. They can only return integer values in
$? variable. For strings results we can
echo the value in the function and read it outside:
function find_file_name {
local i=0
while [[ -f myfile_$i ]]
(( i++ ))
echo "myfile_$i"
echo "Found: $fname"
touch "$fname"
Further Reading & Resources
The website https://www.tutorialspoint.com/execute_bash_online.php provides a live bash repl so you can type in short scripts and see their results in the browser.
A full bash reference is available with
man bash or online at:


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An inquest has been opened into the death of Nelson fire victim Bryan May.
The body of Mr May (41) was discovered by firefighters at the bottom of the stairs of his home in Princess Street in the early hours of Saturday.
A subsequent ongoing police investigation has found the fire appears to have been non-accidental, but officers have ruled out third-party involvement.
Mr May was identified following finger and palm print analysis.
Pathologist Dr Richard Prescott carried out a post-mortem examination but has requested toxicological tests before giving a cause of death.
Two fire engines from Nelson arrived at the scene at 1-15am when they found a mid-terraced property on fire with smoke spreading to one of the houses next door.
Four teams of firefighters wearing breathing apparatus entered the house with hose reels.
East Lancashire Coroner Mr Richard Taylor adjourned the inquest until June 30th.