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Course Descriptions for Doctor of Educational Leadership Program
ED 610 Ethics for Educational Leaders (3 credits)
This course focuses on the principles, practices and issues related to ethics in educational leadership within a variety of institutional settings. The ethical dimensions of leadership will be examined through both traditional and nontraditional paradigms. Students will reflect on personal ethical stances, examine the influence of ethics and values on decision-making, and analyze and critique ethical issues in a variety of contexts to frame their professional ethical perspectives.
ED 612 Leadership, Diversity and Societal Change (3 credits)
This course examines the impact of diversity, culture, ethnic origin and societal change on educational institutions and the emerging leadership styles resulting from these factors. This course is designed to better prepare leaders to meet the challenges of cultural diversity and rapid societal change in organizations. Attention is given as to how language, gender, race, tradition, education, economic structure, societal transitions and global events interact with organizational philosophy to create behavioral norms at all levels. The influence of these factors on leaders' behaviors, as well as their interactions with diverse groups both inside and outside the organization, will be studied.
ED 614 Organizational and Leadership Theory (3 credits)
This course focuses on organizational and leadership theories as they relate to K-12 and higher education institutions. The central aim of this course is to enable students to understand the structure and function of organizations and leadership from multiple theoretical perspectives. Through the linking of theory to practice, future educational leaders will be empowered to make conscious, deliberate decisions utilizing multiple, and at times divergent, theoretical frames.
ED 615 Professional Seminar in Educational Leadership (3 Credits)
This course will explore special topics and relevant theory spanning a range of educational issues using a non-routine, active learning approach. It will require intensive interaction between students and several faculty members, allowing for personal introductions, a collaborative approach to teaching and learning, and exposure to the variety of department specializations. Through a series of writing intensive assignments, students will explore independently selected topics related to future program study. This course will be graded as pass/fail to allow for a continuous process of improvement through constructive feedback and assignment revision. Residency Course.
ED 620 Educational Institutions and Systems (3 credits)
This course will focus on historic foundations, institutional structures, long-standing debates, and challenges related to American Education, including pre-K-12, 2-yr institutions, public and private 4-yr. institutions, and for-profit schools. Governance, funding, and mission, and current issues will be examined.
ED 623 Educational Technology Leadership (3 credits)
This course will focus on how to organize and provide leadership in instructional technology programs, facilities and resource management, including technological in-service training programs. This course will also include the laws and regulations that govern the selection and utilization of media, sources for funding, and collaboration on development of a grant proposal. Required for K-12 Administration and Educational Technology specializations.
ED 625 Professional Development and Supervision (3 credits)
This course concentrates on the development and supervision of faculty and staff. A range of models of supervision that can be applied in all educational institutions, such as clinical and differentiated supervision, will be examined for their effectiveness in improving instructional performance. Case studies will be utilized to gain understanding of supervision and evaluation processes. The management and design of induction and professional development programs will be analyzed. The laws and policies that govern these programs, as well as employee rights and termination procedures, will be studied. Required K-12 Administration specialization.
ED 626 Politics and Policy for Educational Leaders (3 credits)
This course will explore the roles of public policy and politics in education at the federal, state, and local levels. Through the course students will examine policy models, frameworks, and processes as they relate to policy issues in the K-12 and higher education arenas. A second major area of focus will be the political forces that influence and shape decision-making processes, reform efforts, and community relations.
ED 627 Advanced Issues in Educational Law (3 credits)
This course focuses on the most current laws at both the state and federal levels and their impact on the operation of educational institutions for leaders. Both state and federal statutes will be examined with a focus on accurate analysis and interpretation of the law through case reviews. Law, legislation and court decisions that may impact the rights and responsibilities of faculty, students and parents will be studied and analyzed. The course is structured to assist educational leaders in acquiring the knowledge and skills necessary to ensure that the management of their educational institution through adherence to the law produces a safe, efficient and effective learning environment for all students. Required for Ed.D. program/K-12 Administration and Higher Education Administration specializations.
ED 628 Human Resources Development and Labor Negotiations (3 credits)
This course examines the influences of major theories of personnel leadership on public and private education. Students will learn about the use of resource management, including labor laws, labor negotiation protocols, recruitment, personnel assistance and development, and evaluation procedures. Also, students will learn to develop and implement professional development programs that reflect teacher/faculty development research and strategies that include technology utilization, simulations of various HRD functions such as labor negotiations focusing on differing perspectives that impinge on the process of creating agreement, living with the agreement, and seeking a successor agreement. Required for Ed.D. program/K-12 Administration and Higher Education specializations.
ED 629 Strategic Thinking and Planning (3 credits)
Students will learn about a variety of planning models. Students will be provided detailed guidance on implementing the planning process and will acquire specific knowledge and skills to make the planning process work successfully in any organization. Required for Ed.D. program/K-12 Administration and Higher Education Administration specializations. Residency Course.
ED 632 Cognition and Learning (3 credits)
This course covers the fundamentals of memory, emotion, intelligence, and motivation that collectively account for human learning and cognition. The foundation of learning is what instruction, administration, and technology must support to promote sound educational practices and policies. The course will explore established learning and cognition theories, as well as perspectives from neuroscience research and learning sciences.
ED 635 Integrating Technology for Diverse Learners (3 credits)
The course will examine best practices for integrating technology into curricular planning and instructional design for all learners. Required for Educational Technology specialization.
ED 639 Internship in Educational Technology Leadership (3 credits)
This course is tailored to meet the needs of students who will work as leaders in technology within educational institutions. The internship is designed to provide experience in the completion of identified tasks related to technology under the guidance of a mentoring administrator. A Leadership Competency Portfolio and internship project will provide evidence of the leadership competencies attained. Prerequisites: Completion of Ed.D. Leadership core and Educational technology courses with the exception of ED 639. Department permission required.
ED 643 Trends and Innovation in Instructional Technology (3 credits)
This course will explore the present trends and future vision of technology as influenced by its foundations. Factors that are likely to influence the future of the instructional technology will be explored.
ED 645 Technology Supported Assessment (3 credits)
Students will research and explore traditional methods of educational assessment and consider ways that technology can be used to augment assessment to enhance best practices for teaching and learning.
ED 646 Assistive Technology in Education (3 credits)
This course will provide an awareness of contemporary adaptive and assistive technologies for students with disabilities in an inclusive setting. Students will explore technology to support the needs of English Language Learners and the acquisition of a second language for all learners. Required for Educational Technology specialization.
ED 650 Curriculum, Instruction and Assessment (3 credits)
This course is designed to assist practicing school leaders to implement, analyze and monitor the various processes and components of a comprehensive curriculum, instruction and assessment system in a school district. Current methods of curriculum and program design, development and evaluation will be studied. Implications for supporting and sustaining high quality instruction and learning will be addressed through the relationships and importance of coherence among curriculum, instruction, and assessment. This course will introduce students to the tools and resources available to fully analyze and utilize data driven decision-making. The role of structures for school improvement will be examined, including professional learning communities, supervision and professional development and communication. Students will develop and submit an applied research project in the form of an Action Plan for School Improvement based on the current research and evidence of best practices. Required for Ed.D. program/K-12 Administration specialization.
ED 652 Special Education Administration (3 credits)
The content of this course is composed of professional problems; standards and procedures; the history of special education, special education philosophy, legal provisions, rules and regulations; major developments and trends at federal, state and local levels; services of other organizations and agencies. Required for Ed.D. program/K-12 Administration specialization.
ED 654 School Finance and Facilities Administration (3 credits)
The content of this course centers on administrative functions related to the management of school finance and facilities in educational institutions. Topics covered are budget planning related to facilities management, as well as resource allocation and scheduling to maximize the use of school facilities; school finance related to sources of revenue for capital projects and the impact of these projects on the allocation of resources, scheduling of programs, and use of personnel will be studied. Additional topics include management techniques, strategic planning approaches, building assessment, energy issues, technology in schools, community development and contract management. Required for K-12 Administration specialization.
ED 658 Advanced Studies in School District Leadership (3 credits)
This course will prepare future school district leaders for complex situations and specialized functions that are performed as part of district oversight in the central office. Students will review prior coursework in K-12 Administration by compiling and informally assessing their Leadership Competency Portfolio, and determine the focus areas to begin the superintendent internship. Prerequisites: Completion of Ed.D. Leadership core and K-12 Administration courses with the exception of ED 659. Department permission required.
ED 659 Superintendent Internship (3 credits)
This course will prepare future school district leaders for complex situations and specialized functions that are performed as part of district-wide oversight in the central office. Students will continue the superintendent internship, review prior learning in K-12 administration using the Leadership Competency Portfolio, and implement and complete the internship project. Prerequisites: Completion of Ed.D. Leadership core and K-12 School Administration courses. Department permission required.
ED 670 Curriculum Theory (3 credits)
This course will focus on the theory of curriculum and its philosophical and historical foundations and the ideologies that influence and shape curriculum. Governance, control, and macro and micro perspectives of curriculum will be examined.
ED 671 Measurement and Assessment (3 credits)
This course provides an introduction to issues in educational measurement and assessment with an emphasis on applications in both k-12 and higher education settings. Topics include: types of assessments including standardized tests, portfolios, performance tasks, computer adaptive tests; test development; item writing and analysis; test administration; evaluating tests and items including reliability and validity; and interpreting test results.
ED 672 Curriculum Design and Instructional Models (3 credits)
This course will engage students in the practical aspects of curriculum design and implementation, its evaluation, and the alignment of curriculum, instruction, and assessment. Instructional models appropriate to addressing the needs of diverse learners in varied learning environments and delivery formats will be examined.Prerequisite: ED 670
ED 673 Controversies in Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment (3 credits)
This course explores the varying attitudes and beliefs of teaching, learning, and assessment as they relate to present-day curricular controversies. Students will analyze the cultural and social contexts of early childhood education, K-12 schooling, and post secondary schooling. Specific emphasis will be given to the relevant salience of class, race, age, and gender as they relate to the study of everyday inequities in pre-K-20 education.
ED 679 Internship in Curriculum and Instruction (3 credits)
This course is tailored to meet the needs of students who will work as leaders in curriculum and instruction within educational institutions. The internship is designed to provide experience in the completion of identified tasks related to curriculum and instruction under the guidance of a mentoring administrator. A Leadership Competency Portfolio and internship project will provide evidence of the leadership competencies attained. Prerequisite: Completion of the Ed.D. Leadership core and Curriculum Instruction courses/Department permission required.
ED 681 Introduction to Educational Research (3 credit)
This course focuses on the major methods and techniques of educational research and provides students with the knowledge and skills necessary for the critical evaluation of educational research. Required to be taken in the first year of the Ed.D. program.
ED 682 Quantitative Methods for Educational Research I (3 credits)
This introductory quantitative methods course will provide students with a fundamental understanding of the types of quantitative designs and statistical techniques used in education research. The course will use hands-on activities and emphasize the interpretation of data. Statistical software is used throughout the course. Prerequisite: ED 681 Introduction to Educational Research
ED 683 Qualitative Methods in Educational Research I (3 Credits)
This course will provide students with a foundational knowledge of qualitative research focusing on designs and methodologies, theoretical and interpretive frameworks, ethical considerations, standards of validation, and introductory data collection, analysis, and reporting. Prerequisite: ED 681 Introduction to Educational Research
ED 684 Special Topics in Educational Research (1-3 credits)
This is a one to three credit hour course open to students in the doctoral program in Educational Leadership, but specifically for those who have a background in educational research. Topics are designed to further student's understanding of educational research and can include topics like survey design and analysis, mixed method approaches, qualitative data analysis, or an in-depth look at a particular method of research. Prerequisites: ED 681, ED 682 or equivalent, ED 683 or equivalent. Department permission required.
ED 685 Quantitative Methods for Educational Research II (3 credits)
This second-level quantitative methods course will provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary for using a variety of statistical methodologies in the analysis of educational research. This course covers advanced topics in quantitative research designes and statistical techniques. Statistical software is used throughout the course. Prerequisite: ED 681and ED 682.
ED 686 Qualitative Methods in Educational Research II (3 credits)
This course is intended for students interested in pursuing qualitative research. It is designed to provide students with an in-depth understanding of qualitative designs and methodologies as well as practice applying these designs and methodologies in original research. Through this course, students will build on the knowledge and skills learned in ED 683, with an increased focus on data collection, analysis, and reporting. Prerequisite: ED 681and ED 683.
ED 690 Topics in Education: Doctoral Level (Variable Credit)
This is a topics course designation reserved for Doctor of Education course.
ED 697 Dissertation Proposal Seminar (3 credits)
This seminar will provide doctoral students with information on the dissertation process and proposal format and enable them to develop and refine ideas for potential research. This course is to be taken during the last semester of course work in the doctoral program. This course is graded pass/fail. Prerequisites: Acceptance into the Ed.D. program and successful completion of doctoral core and major coursework. Department permission required.
ED 698 Dissertation Proposal (3 credits)
Doctoral students are required to register for 3 credits of dissertation proposal each semester until the proposal is successfully defended and meets all departmental requirements, at which time 3 credits will be awarded. Prerequisites: ED 697 Dissertation Proposal Seminar and passing Doctoral Comprehensive Examination. Department permission required.
ED 699 Dissertation (3 credits)
Doctoral students are required to register for 3 credits of dissertation each semester until the dissertation is successfully defended and meets all departmental requirements, at which time 3 credits will be awarded. Prerequisites: Successful completion of the proposal defense in ED 698. Department permission required.


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In the third of four articles, Bill Crane examines the origins of racism in the United States. Here he looks at how the racist segregation of Jim Crow was implemented in the 1890s and then abolished by the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 60s.
In the second article in this series on the origins of American racism, we saw the massive revolutionary changes in race relations that accompanied the Civil War and its aftermath. A coalition of black slaves in the South, white plebeians in the North, industrial capital, and the federal government united to smash the planter ruling class of the Confederacy and put an end the abhorrent system of plantation slavery.
This was a huge step forward not only for blacks, but for all people of the US. Its impact, however, was contradictory. The Civil War was an example of what Marx termed a bourgeois revolution, which led from one form of exploitation – slavery – to another, although less brutal and coercive – the system of wage labour. This was indeed a revolutionary change in American society. But the ideology of race could adapt and thrive outside of a slave system.
The coalition that defeated the South did not last long after its victory. Northern capital, its dominance assured, abandoned Southern blacks to the tender mercies of their former masters. The freedmen were pushed backwards into less coercive, but equally racist, forms of bondage. The consolidation of the racist system of laws referred to as "Jim Crow," and its destruction in a renewed cycle of black self-emancipation, is the subject of this article.
The Strange Career of Jim Crow
Freed blacks in the south continued to work the land as they had under conditions of slavery. The black question in the US thus continued to be deeply enmeshed with the agrarian question. The sharecropping system established after the fall of the Confederacy, though it had begun as a compromise that mainly favoured the freedmen, over time became a disguised wage-labour relationship benefiting their former masters as well as Northern merchant capital. The vast majority of blacks, around a third of the region's population, continued to farm in the "black belt," named for its characteristically rich soil, stretching from Virginia southwest in an arc towards Texas.
However this system affected white as well as black. Before the Civil War the vast majority of white farmers in the South, who owned no slaves, eked out their subsistence at the margins of the plantation economy. The planters never trusted the motivations of these poor whites but their system needed support from the lower classes, and so they had actively solicited them to uphold white supremacy. But the end of slavery and the emerging agrarian transition had the effect of throwing these independent white farmers into a position little different from most blacks.
The radical faction of the Republican Party during Reconstruction understood the potential of this class just as well as the planters. Republican propaganda during this period encouraged the white farmer to "be a man" and stand up to the planter aristocracy which had always held him in contempt by claiming his right to public services including debtor relief, hospitals, roads and a system of free public schooling.
In the medium term however, a coalition of black and white farmers did not emerge. The planter elite was able to reassert its power by terror against the freedmen and stoking the fears of the white lower classes about a black takeover. It was able to roll back most of the gains blacks had made, counting on the benign neglect of the North. The planters liked to flatter themselves that the South they ruled over was not so different from the old South, in which their fabulously wealthy forefathers lived a genteel and aristocratic lifestyle supported by legions of supposedly happy black slaves. But they maintained this renewed power only in the South. Never again would planters dominate the federal government, or indeed have any sway over its policy at all.
Furthermore, the territory they ruled over was in total thrall to the North. Steven Hahn has argued that the South in this period was a de facto colony of the northern US. It was increasingly backward, a territory with little industry or any kind of economic dynamism. "King Cotton" still sat in his throne, but his fortunes kept declining in the world market. The economic picture of the South was a faithful replica of its political and social backwardness.
This system did not go unchallenged for long. In the 1890s, Populism emerged as a powerful movement of white and black farmers in response to a worldwide economic depression. Populists were elected to office in Southern states on a platform that called for the lowering of interest, expansion of public services, public ownership of utilities like the railroads, an eight-hour day and an end to vagrancy laws.
Populism's appeal rested on cross-racial class solidarity, the first time this would be a significant aspect of lowe-class struggle in the history of the US. Its most articulate spokesman, Tom Watson, declared to black and white alike: "You are made to hate each other because upon that hatred is rested the keystone of the arch of financial despotism which enslaves you both." Blacks were common among the candidates the Populists fielded for office.
The People's Party was a deadly threat to the planter class. As they had done in the period of Reconstruction, they responded to it with the tools of their trade: fraud at the ballot box, terror in the fields and raising the spectre of black domination in the press. Their campaign created a viciously racist atmosphere resulting in mob violence in the cities as well as the country.
Following the retrenchment of Democratic majorities in the Southern legislatures, the planters moved to completely disenfranchise blacks. This having been done, Jim Crow swept quickly across the region. The infamous Supreme Court case of Plessy v. Ferguson found that systemic racism, in the form of segregation of everything from public schools to public water fountains was constitutional under the doctrine of "separate but equal." But under the surface lay profound social tensions that would eventually erupt into a new cycle of resistance.
The US labour movement, which had gotten a running start as Reconstruction ended, was after the defeat of Populism the best chance for united white and black action to smash racism. But its promise was to be indefinitely deferred. The form of workers' organisation that set deepest roots in the US was the conservative craft unionism of the AFL led by Samuel Gompers. It sought to protect the privileged wages and benefits of skilled workers against the invasion of their crafts by workers lower down in the food chain, such as blacks and immigrants.
American socialism could also have been a source of solidarity and hope to blacks. Founded originally by German immigrants after the Civil War, American socialism won large support among Italians, Poles, Russians, Jews and other immigrant groups from Europe, all of whom were newly arrived to America and were thought of as "less white" than the native born, as well as the white workers of the Midwest.
The Socialist Party in the era of Eugene V. Debs was immensely popular among American workers. However it contained within its ranks both revolutionary class fighters and the petty bourgeois advocates of "sewer socialism." The latter included some of the most vicious racists to be found anywhere in American political life. Black radicals such as Hubert Harrison and W.E.B. Du Bois argued in vain against the hard or soft racists in the SP, who championed segregated party locals in the South and were opposed to Asian immigration.
Both the tight system of social control that was Jim Crow and the failure of the labour and socialist movements to offer black people solidarity explains why until the mid-twentieth century, the black movement looked inward. Much like they had under slavery, blacks never accepted the renewed system that proclaimed them racially inferior and liable to be barred from public space, to have their mouths shut and even be killed if local whites found them too "uppity."
The period from the very late nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth holds the origins of what we now know as "Black Nationalism." There was a wide spectrum of views within it. Some, like Booker T. Washington of the Tuskegee Institute, thought the way forward was to gradually build up power and wealth within the black community by founding the institutions that would support this, soliciting what white support could be gained along the way. Radicals like Du Bois found Washington's approach servile and demeaning.
The most popular trend of radical Black Nationalism, however, was that of Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican-born speaker and entrepreneur who preached a millenarian "return to Africa." His ambitious plans to redeem Africa for the black race through the foundation of a powerful chain of enterprises connecting blacks in the US, Caribbean and Latin America even won over socialists like Du Bois. Long after his conviction for fraud, following which he lost most of his influence, the building up of a separate capitalist economy to serve their community would remain an appealing goal to black radicals who saw no end to racism in sight.
Regardless of its numerous contradictions, it was the period of Jim Crow in the South that led to the establishment of a black leadership. The ministers of the black church as part of a small but growing intellectual caste and a number of black businessmen all served their apprenticeships in race consciousness and activism. They comprised the human material that proved capable of again challenging and overthrowing a racist system a century after the end of slavery.
A Change is Gonna Come
Social and economic changes at work in the South since the beginning of the century made the time right for a renewed black movement. Many decades after their defeat in the Civil War, the states of the former Confederacy were on the doorstep of modernity. Northern industry finally entered the south, seeking the low setup and cheap labour costs that could not be found at home. Blacks (and whites) whose ancestors had worked the land since the eighteenth century poured into the southern cities where jobs at the new textile mills could be found.
The new era in the South also brought profound changes in southern agriculture, which was finally incorporated into the national economy and transformed along capitalist lines. Capitalist agriculture has always expelled the masses of producers from the land. Many thousands of Southern blacks left their homes to settle in the northern cities of New York, Boston, Chicago and many others. Here, they found a society which, while not having the same legal prohibitions, was every bit as racist as the South they had left. In Chicago for example, blacks were settled in the filthy, crowded and even highly flammable tenements that constituted affordable housing. This is the origin of the inner city "ghetto." The black worker was part of a caste that both worked much longer hours and was paid much less than the equivalent labour of a white worker.
Once again, there arose the opportunity of united class fightback against racism. The renewed American labour movement led by the CIO had led victorious battles both in the north and the south by scrapping the segregated locals and class-collaboration of the AFL. Ultimately, however, it was not fit for purpose. Operation Dixie, the CIO leadership's plan to organise the South, ran into the barriers erected by Jim Crow, the Taft-Hartley Act and the anti-communist witch hunts which were all firmly at home in the South. It was scrapped for the sake of a continued alliance with the Democratic Party and eventual union with the AFL.
But change could not be halted by the subjective failure of the labour movement to challenge racism. Southern blacks lived under a system that was increasingly anachronistic as compared to the rest of the US and indeed the world. Every year that extended planter rule eroded the foundations on which it was built.
The New Deal and the Second World War, in which thousands of blacks soldiers served, contributed to the formation of a new generation which was unwilling to live with the burdens that the legacy of slavery had placed on their shoulders. The entry of business in the South had formed a white middle class which had no objective interest in planter rule or Jim Crow racism, and could be subject to pressure on that front. The Democratic Party was increasingly swayed by the voice of business rather than that of the planter aristocracy. And by the end of the 1940s, black resentment had reached the boiling point.
Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round
The Civil Rights movement in the United States emerged at a period of what Marxists would recognise as a pre-revolutionary crisis in the South. The planter class, which had held onto a highly diluted form of their power, found it increasingly difficult to stand against the changes in America at large, while the black population was increasingly unwilling to be ruled "in the old way" of Jim Crow. This was especially true since the Communist-led anti-racist mobilisations of the 1930s, and since the return of black veterans who, having fought against fascism and experienced qualitatively lower levels of racism in France and Britain, came back determined to force the pace of change.
Behind the moves forward made throughout the 1950s in the black cause was a self-conscious leadership with a deliberate strategy to end Jim Crow. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, an organisation founded by moderate black intellectuals in 1909, was the centre of black struggle during this period. It deliberately attacked Jim Crow along the lines where it was weakest and where repression could attract the sympathy of Northern liberals and the federal government.
They attacked segregation in the courts first, hoping to facilitate a process of peaceful change. In 1954, the NAACP won the first major ruling against Jim Crow when the Supreme Court handed down its decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. Completely reversing the stand it had taken half a century earlier, the Court found that separate educational facilities for black and white students were inherently unequal and ordered their integration. Black communities across the South were electrified.
But implementation of Brown, ordered by the Court to take place 'with all deliberate speed,' was delayed and left up to individual states and cities. White notables, as they had many times before when threatened with black insurgency, responded pre-emptively with ferocious violence. In Mississippi, white supremacists murdered teenager Emmitt Till in an attempt to send a clear message that any perceived insubordination on the part of blacks would be punished by the harshest means. Hundreds of incidents of this kind were reported across the South from 1950-55. But more and more blacks refused to be intimidated.
The NAACP settled in and prepared for a long war of position against the forces of segregation. In the summer of 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat at the front of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama to a white person. Parks was a field organiser for the NAACP, the local organisation of whicg had scored a number of victories in the city of late, including a voter-registration drive and the desegregation of public water fountains. They decided that the moment was right to transition to the more militant method of a boycott campaign.
Montgomery's campaign found the voice and the leader it needed in the young minister Martin Luther King, Jr. It was in the course of the struggle in Montgomery that he developed the program of non-violent resistance he later became so widely known for. Influenced by Henry David Thoreau and Mahatma Gandhi in differing measures, he found that militant non-cooperation with the rule of segregation suited the mood of blacks in the city, while the images of vicious repression of black demonstrations ordered by police chief "Bull" Connor when broadcast across the country roused the sympathy and outrage of many Northern whites.
From 1955 onwards, Jim Crow cracked up along its fault lines. Black activists seized the initiative with Montgomery-inspired programs of direct action. They faced the stubborn resistance of planters and their allies who constituted the White Citizens Councils, and the racist violence of the Klan in collaboration with the state (frequently this was the same thing).
Black activism was increasingly the province of a new generation, which had few illusions as to the nature of the state, the Democratic Party and Northern liberals. This was a "second wave" of civil rights activism, which displaced the leadership of King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. The new organisations, most prominently the Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee (SNCC) and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) rode into the South on highly publicised "freedom rides" to challenge segregation through direct action, sitting down at segregated lunch counters and using white-only facilities.
All this alarmed the Kennedy administration, which sought to displace the energy of SNCC and CORE activists by calling for a "cooling off" period as a prelude to federal enforcement of civil rights law. Robert Kennedy, the president's brother and attorney general, promised young activists to "get you a tax exemption" if they shifted their methods from direct action against Jim Crow to less militant voter registration campaigns.
When it finally arrived, the Civil Rights Act signed into law by the successor Johnson administration (and the 1965 Voting Rights Act) was forced by the refusal of any part of the black leadership to reduce their militancy. While SNCC and CORE made it impossible for the federal government and Northern liberals to ignore the continuation of Jim Crow and the violence of planter supremacy in its death agony, King, the SCLC and the NAACP targeted Southern business in the cities where it had been softened by the boycott campaigns and increasingly saw its interests as opposed to the archaic racism of the White Citizens' Councils.
The achievement of the Civil Rights Act in 1964, while being the capstone of the movement up to that time, was really just the beginning. Blacks still struggled against the noncompliance of Southern cities with orders to desegregate. Planter rule died its final death in the 1960s, and Jim Crow along with it, but these struggles were not essentially complete until the mid-1970s. Meanwhile, the locus of black struggle shifted toward the cities of the North. Here, blacks faced similar methods of brutal racist coercion – and importantly, here they would not be bound by illusions of reform.
Black Power and Resistance in the North
The burgeoning black communities of the northern US had long lived without the expectation of rescue from the federal government or white liberal allies. They experienced widespread discrimination when it came to housing, sitting in a restaurant or even walking in a public park, like the relatives they had left behind in the South. Yet as Jack Bloom writes:
These indignities were not state-sanctioned; they did not have the systematic use of police power behind them; they were not ubiquitous. There was no class whose well-being depended on the total subordination of blacks, as was the case in the South. In many ways, blacks were free from the overt oppression they had left…
But Northern blacks frequently stated that they preferred the South, because there they at least "knew where they stood." This expression meant that while the ideology in the North was one of equality, the reality was quite different.
It was because of these conditions that Malcolm X said, "Long as you're south of the Canadian border, you're south.'" Malcolm had come to prominence as the leader of the Nation of Islam. This religious nationalist movement was the product of its founder Elijah (Poole) Muhammad's eccentric blend of Islam and mystical black nationalism, and grew quickly in the 1950s on the ground that the wave of Garveyism had retreated from by calling for the building up of black institutions as a precursor to the complete separation of the nation of "the Asiatic Blackman" from white America.
The Nation's belief system offered much to recommend it to black people tired of the conservatism of some Christian ministers who preached reconciliation with racism, and in its historical views an empowering view of black history. But it was fundamentally conservative. Malcolm and others who wanted to confront American racism head-on found themselves outside of the circle.
After embracing orthodox Islam, Malcolm in the brief period before his death became the foremost spokesperson of the emerging "black power" movement. This was based on two contemporary trends. The first was the growing frustration of CORE and SNCC militants with more conservative trends in the mainstream black movement as the Civil Rights Act approached ratification. This was the framework of Stokeley Carmichael, leader of SNCC, when he proclaimed "black power" in a speech in Mississippi in 1966.
The second was the wave of "ghetto riots" that swept the North. These events in many ways were the ones that opened the current era of black resistance to racism. Harlem erupted in revolt when a white police officer shot a black teenager in the summer of 1964, and riots quickly spread to cities in the rest of New York and New Jersey. In Los Angeles a year later, 12,000 National Guardsmen were used to quell an urban insurrection. Even this was surpassed by the Detroit riots of 1967. Directly at stake was the increasing frustration with a system that could only seem to make cosmetic changes. They were not "riots" but rebellions against the prejudice of Northern whites and the systemic discrimination blacks faced in these cities, and their impact was often deliberately planned and executed.
The "riots" nevertheless had the effect of finally shattering the coalition that had accomplished civil rights, which comprised the black middle and working classes North and South, Northern white liberals and the federal government. Continuing the project of civil rights meant forming a new coalition, as Martin Luther King, Jr. realised. He launched a "Poor People's Campaign" that aimed for "an economic bill of rights" for all Americans regardless of race in coalition with organised labour. The last speech he gave before his death at the hands of white supremacist James Earl Ray was in support of striking black sanitation workers in Tennessee.
As temperatures rose to the boiling point, more and more of the black vanguard began to look for answers outside of the achievement of formally equal rights. The cadres of Black Power increasingly turned to left politics, seeing in the anticolonial wars in from Africa to Vietnam and in Maoist China an unabashedly revolutionary way to confront white and western supremacy on a world scale. Such were the "black against empire" members of the Black Panthers, and such was the Revolutionary Union Movement of black auto workers that originated in Detroit. The end of the 1960s into the 1970s was the most inspiring and beautiful time of militant black resistance the United States has yet experienced. Its destruction under the ferocious assault of state repression would lay the basis for the current form of American racism, "colourblind" neoliberal racism.
Civil Rights in Perspective
The Civil Rights movement, like the Civil War, was an era of black resistance to systemic racism that shook the foundations of the United States and marks a qualitatively different period in race relations. Like the Civil War, it was accomplished through a coalition of forces that included blacks, Northern whites, and the federal government, though these latter two's cooperation was often hesitant. It differed from the Civil War's impact in that being limited in its achievements primarily to the South, it was not a social revolution like the former, but a period of protracted reform by the state accomplished through a huge amount of resistance from below. It put paid to the archaic system of planter domination in the South a century after its material basis in slavery had disappeared.
Importantly, the signal of black revolt raised the prospect of revolt by all oppressed peoples in the US. Civil rights and radical groups formed around combatting the oppression of women, LGBT people, American Indians, Chicanos (Mexican-Americans) and a whole host of other movements during the sixties that demanded respect and equality were formed in direct inspiration from the black struggle. Black oppression is a fundamental social fulcrum of American society, and this means that black struggles are always potentially explosive and happen in implicit conflict with the system of American capitalism that is buoyed by racism. This was shown many times in the sixties and seventies.
This was especially the case in the best-remembered social movement of the late sixties, that of the student left. Black struggle running up against the limits of American capitalism to ameliorate their oppression was translated directly into a far-reaching critique of that system on the campuses. It also contributed to a revival of rank-and-file union organisation, which challenged the sclerotic organs of business unionism with the militant struggles led by black workers and those who followed them.
The middle-class leadership of the NAACP and other black organisations, which had rose to such prominence under King, found that their main goals were achieved. Black children could enter school and university alongside white students without fear of reprisal. Along with the death of Jim Crow it became unacceptable for overt racist ideology to claim a place in the public sphere. A small black capitalist class emerged, while the substantial black middle class had its place assured, and a layer of black workers claimed relatively well-remunerated careers in public service and industry that had been denied them before the achievement of formally equal rights.
For the first time since Reconstruction black mayors, state representatives and Congressmen were elected to office across the country, North and South. This social layer was absorbed into the Democratic Party, which had completed its transition from the organisation of the planter aristocracy to the more people-oriented, at least on its face, of the two parties of American capitalism. But their integration into the American political class at the local, state and national levels came with a price. From the activists demanding equality they became the shock absorbers of black resistance to a system that remained fundamentally unequal. The black worker-revolutionary James Boggs was one of the earliest to realise this:
Any future development of the black community must start from the bottom up, not the top down. The people at the very bottom of the black community, the chief victims of capitalist exploitation, cannot be delivered from their bottom position by black exploitation… These "untouchables" have no property they can call their own and absolutely no reason to believe they will ever acquire any. The only future before them is in the prisons or the streets. They are the ones who have sparked the urban rebellions. Yet, up to now, after each rebellion they have been excluded from participation, while middle-class blacks have presumed to speak for them and to extract petty concessions that have uplifted these blacks but left the "untouchables" out in the cold.
The revolt of these "untouchables" against intolerable conditions of centuries of accumulated racism, from Ferguson to New York, will be the subject of the final article.

subset: commoncrawl


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MATHEWS KABAMBA, Kitwe
THE Football Association of Zambia (FAZ) and Super Division teams have resolved to pick the country's CAF inter-club competition representatives after Week 37 as opposed to Week 35.
FAZ last Week announced that it will submit the list of the CAF envoys after week 35 to beat the October 15 deadline set by the Confederation of African Football for the transitional 2018/2019 season.
But during the consultative meeting held in Lusaka on Friday between FAZ and heads of top flight clubs, it was resolved that the association will submit a provisional list of six teams as potential representatives in the Champions League and the Confederations Cup.
"Clubs would have played 37 fixtures by October 15, which will see Week 36 and 37 games 'squeezed' before October 15. Week 38 has been projected to be played on November 17, which will bring the season to a close," according to Fazfootball.com.http://epaper.daily-mail.co.zm/
Week 37 to decide CAF envoys
MATHEWS KABAMBA, Kitwe


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LoansWithNoCreditCheck machine learning team offers services in all phases of a machine learning & big data project. Whether you are exploring the 'art of possible', and need to expand or validate your thinking in the latest machine learning & big data advancements; whether you are building a proof-of-concept and need to get up to speed quickly; whether you are building a production-ready application that heavily relies on machine learning and big data, we are here to help.
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Dear Saints of God:
We greet you in the majestic name of Jesus Christ. Please be reminded that our 12th Annual Holy Convocation is approaching! The 2018 Holy Convocation will be held on October 12th thru 14th at Positive Impact Ministries located at 2049 East Main St in Salem, Virginia. If you have not already registered please do so today by contacting our church office OR firstname.lastname@example.com via email. Please see flyer below for detailed information!!
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Morning Manna Prayer: Sat, October 13th at 9:00AM
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In His Service,
PIM Admin Team Members
Positive Impact Ministries, Inc.


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Good managers deliver the results a company needs at the end of the day. A great leader knows how to deliver results year after year.
I frequently get calls from investors in early-stage companies asking me to meet their portfolio CEOs when things get rocky. Sometimes, the strategy isn't working and they need help with a pivot. Other times, they are having difficulty executing and their processes need refinement. More often than not, these challenges arise because the company has grown, the teams are getting bigger, and the founder is struggling to adapt.
As a company grows, leaders must shift from the directing style of an entrepreneur to a supportive and inspirational role as CEO. It's not an easy transformation, and it's normal to struggle.
In these situations, I've found that it's best to focus on developing long-term relationships with the team members. A big part of this is being nicer to your people. Here are six things I focus on.
1. Take the time to listen.
They say you have two ears and one mouth for a reason; you should use them proportionately. As a leader, try to listen more than you speak. Before you launch into your agenda, check in with your people. Find out where they are and what they are thinking; then adjust your message accordingly.
While it's important to take the time to understand someone, you also need to take the time to make sure the other person feels heard. Sometimes waiting until they're finished speaking takes a while, but trust that it's time well spent. If someone doesn't feel heard, they are usually not willing to listen.
2. Commitment not compliance.
It's easy to get someone to do something by yelling at them. Your threats don't need to be explicit. Issuing commands, raising your voice, rolling your eyes, and crossing your arms all imply that you're done discussing and you expect people to do exactly what you say.
This method gets you compliance, not true commitment. The moment your direct reports no longer feel the immediate threat, they will return to their previous behavior. If you continue the threats, they will promptly look for a new job. Unfortunately, the people who stay will be the ones who can't find a better job, and you'll be stuck with the bottom of the talent barrel.
Nice leaders include their people in the decision-making process. The more your people contribute, the more they will be committed to decisions. Even if it's not the way you would do it, let them do it their way. It will be much easier to have tough conversations about performance if the approach was theirs.
3. Set clear expectations.
Before you can hold someone accountable for results, you need to know what the measure of success is. Get clear about what you expect before you meet with anyone. Frequently, I see executives upset about results, but when asked, they can't even articulate what they want.
Nice leaders provide clarity. For projects, I suggest creating a success checklist. This should be an objective set of criteria which a third party could use to determine whether the project is done. The devil is in the details here: be specific and always test assumptions.
4. Give feedback.
Many managers see things that don't meet their expectations, but they don't say anything. They hold onto it until the annual review when they unload all of the criticisms at once.
Nice leaders provide regular feedback using neutral language. They nudge people politely if they want something different. They encourage people to make changes and to experiment with different approaches. They create a safety net by rewarding people who try to make positive changes, even if they come up short.
5. Coach don't manage.
Many managers swoop in and take things over when they see problems. These same managers often complain that people keep coming to them with their problems, expecting things to be fixed for them.
Nice leaders let people do the work. When a problem comes up, they start asking questions. What have you tried? What haven't you tried? What other approaches could we try? Who else could help? Where else could we find information to help us?
6. Be empathetic.
Generally, I suggest keeping personal stuff out of the office, but I see many managers expect that their employees keep the office strictly business. They have no tolerance for people's personal lives showing up at work.
The fact is we are humans with complicated lives; sometimes it's impossible to show up to work with a perfectly clean slate. Nice leaders know stuff happens. They give people the time and space to take care of personal needs, still insisting the job gets done and customers are happy.
Being a nice leader doesn't mean you're a pushover. It means that you treat people as people and work with compassion and respect and with the intent of creating trust over the long term.
This article was originally published on Inc.com: http://preview.inc.com/bruce-eckfeldt/want-to-be-a-better-leader-try-being-nicer-heres-how.html


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The following information addresses the Management 2000 INC. Web Site Privacy and Security Policy as it pertains to the type of information we gather on visitors to our web site.
We do not gather information on individual users on our Web site. We do collect and store information about the name of the domain from which you access the Internet, such as Compuserve.com or aol.com, the date and time you access our site, and the Internet address of the Web site from which you linked to us.
Our Web site does not require you to disclose any personal identifying information. If, however, you choose to contact us via e-mail, please keep in mind that your e-mail address, and any other information your e-mail header shows about you, such as your name or organization, will be revealed to us in the e-mail. We pledge, however, that when you communicate with us via e-mail, we will use your e-mail information only for the specific purpose of responding to your comments and questions. Your e-mail address will not be sold, nor will it be shared with others outside M2000/IS unless we are compelled to do so by law.
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Encounter Church provides a warm, loving environment were you can encounter God, discover your purpose, and experience what it means to be "In Christ" and a part of the church family. We are a new church launched out of CJ McBride Ministries looking to expand and reach the lost in our city, state, nation, and across the world. We have a worship service at 9:00am & 6:00pm every Sunday, and a bible study every Wednesday at 7:00pm. Visit our ministry page to learn more about what we do!
Senior Pastors Gary & Jo Ann bring almost 40 years of ministry experience to Encounter Church. They have served under Pastor CJ & GiGi the last 9 years as leaders and Care & Conect Pastors at Abiding Love in Foley, AL. They have two adult children and three grandchildren.
The first step to getting connected at Encounter Church is simply to attend service. Come as you are, there is no dress code. Our services typically last 1 hour and 15 to 30 minutes. We try not to go over in order to be respectful of your time, however if service does last longer we understand if you must leave. We have a nursery for newborns to 18 months. We are working on establishing a children's ministry, but for right now your young ones will have to accompany you to service.
We are working on establishing different groups to minister to our church members. be sure to pick up a bulletin on your first visit to learn about what events are coming up. Attending these events will help you to meet people and build relationships within the church.
There are many opportunities to serve and as we continue to grow, so will those opportunities. Serving at your local church is a way to give of your time to God. You will find that it is one of the best ways to get connected. Here are examples of areas you can serve:
Once you feel you have found the were you fit, its time to share that experience in others. We want to grow as a church in order to reach more people for Christ. You have no way of knowing how many lives one simple invitation can change.
We are a loving church family where you can find acceptance, fellowship, and relationship. Pastor Gary's sermons are uplifting, challenging, and full of the Word of God. Come and discover your purpose with us!
Encounter Church
7004 Pine Forest Rd
Pensacola, Florida 32526
Click HERE for Map


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Sierra Club: State Not Enforcing "Dairy Rule" During Challenge
SANTA FE, N.M. - The Sierra Club is warning that challenges to the state's "Dairy Rule" could set environmental protections for groundwater back 20 years. Dan Lorimier, conservation coordinator, Rio Grande Chapter of the Sierra Club, said the State Environment Department has suspended enforcement of the Dairy Rule while the dairy industry challenges the regulations, which add greater protections against groundwater pollution.
"They basically want to do away with all of the comprehensive safeguards in the rule, and follow the copper industry by being allowed to pollute under their property," Lorimier said.
The Copper Mine Rule, adopted by the State Water Quality Control Commission last year, limits pollution controls for the lands under copper mines, Lorimier explained. The Environment Department has defended that rule, saying it does more to protect groundwater than previous rules did.
Lorimier said the Dairy Rule requires monitoring wells, better liners for the waste-containment facilities known as lagoons, and waste-management plans for fields used to dispose of untreated waste. He charged that the dairy industry basically wants the rule amended to remove the protections it agreed to as part of a collaborative process that led to the Dairy Rule's implementation about a year ago.
"It is huge. Two thirds of the of the dairies, before the new Dairy Rule was put in place, were polluting the groundwater and having to formulate mitigation plans for how to fix that," Lorimier said.
Lorimier added that Gov. Susana Martinez's administration appears to be putting the needs of business and industry ahead of protecting natural resources.


text: I am afraid that the Studio will be closed from December 19th to January 22nd, while Joe and I do a driving tour of Europe. After a busy market season we decided to stop putting off this adventure. A house sitter is in place while we visit Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Italy, Switzerland, France, Spain, and Belgium. We look forward to seeing you again in the spring at Bracebridge, Gravenhurst, and hopefully the Rosseau markets this spring, summer and fall. Feel free to email. me through the website for orders.


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Hillary Clinton slammed Jeb Bush and other Republicans over immigration and women's health last night. The Democratic presidential candidate went after the former Florida governor at a campaign event in Denver. She seized on his questioning of federal spending on women's health at a forum in Tennessee earlier in the day. Bush was actually Continue reading
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Hillary Speaks in Denver
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Tagged aborted babies, colorado, Democratic, Denver, deportation, federal spending, Florida, fundraisers, Hillary Clinton, immigration, Jeb Bush, Planned Parenthood, Republicans, Tennessee, women's health
Tri-State Receives National Renewable Energy Award
The United States Department of Energy (DOE) yesterday recognized Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association as the 2014 Wind Cooperative of Continue reading
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Tagged Florida, government, national laboratories, National Rural Electric Cooperative Association TechAdvantage 2015 Conference and Expo, Orlando, renewable sources, Senior Vice President of Energy Management Brad Nebergall, Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, United States Department of Energy, utilities, Wind Cooperative of the Year, wind industry
Police Chiefs Wrap up Marijuana Training Conference
The final day of of the Colorado Association of Chiefs of Police training conference on marijuana concluded last week with discussions of the Colorado marijuana industry perspective, the challenges of good data collection, and the importance of cross-collaboration with other public agencies. Discussions at the CACP's Continue reading
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Tagged Alaska, Amendment 64, Arizona, banking, butane hash oil explosions, California, Colorado Association of Chiefs of Police, data collection, District of Columbia, economic impact, edible regulation, Florida, impaired driving, law enforcement, marijuana, Marijuana Legalization, Oregon, recreational marijuana
Accidents Reported During Yesterday's Snow Storm
The Colorado State Patrol responded to a commercial motor vehicle crash yesterday on I-70 in Eagle County. The westbound lanes of the interstate were closed for nearly three hours because of the incident. A semi-truck and box trailer was on Interstate 70 in a left curve when the trailer lost traction on the snowy road. The Continue reading
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Tagged Boynton Beach, careless driving, Colorado State Patrol, craig fire rescue, Eagle County, Florida, Highway 40, I-70, jackknifed, Noel Guiermond, semi-truck
Jeb Bush Speaks in Castle Rock
Jeb Bush is taking a jab at Hillary Clinton in a possible preview of the 2016 presidential race. Bush was in Colorado yesterday campaigning for Republican candidates when he mentioned Clinton's statement last week that businesses don't create jobs. Clinton later tried to backtrack, saying that was a slip of the tongue, but Bush didn't let her off the hook at an evening rally of GOP activists in Castle Rock. Without mentioning Continue reading
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Tagged Bill Clinton, Castle Rock, colorado, Democrats, Florida, GOP, Hillary Clinton, Jeb Bush, presidential race, Republican
Sweetwater County Sheriff Conducts Sex Offender Compliance Check
Sweetwater County detectives carried out a sweep of registered sex offender compliance checks throughout the county last week. Sheriff Rich Haskell said detectives carried out nearly 100 registered offender compliance checks in Rock Springs, Green River, Farson-Eden, Wamsutter, Superior, Continue reading
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Tagged Bairoil, compliance checks, Detective Sergeant John Grossnickle, detectives, Division of Criminal Investigation, Farson-Eden, felony, Florida, Green River, Homosassa, Jessica Marie Lunsford, John Couey, Operation Jessica, registered sex offender, Rock Springs, Sheriff Rich Haskell, Superior, Sweetwater County, Wamsutter
Marijuana Trafficking Up Since Legalization
A new report says the amount of Colorado marijuana being seized en route to other states through the U.S. mail is on the rise since 2010. The Rocky Mountain High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area says postal inspectors seized more than 493 pounds of pot from packages in 2013, up from 57 pounds in 2010, the year Continue reading
Former Pro Wrestler Arrested For Child Sex Assault in Grand Junction
A professional wrestler turned long-haul trucker being investigated for child sex assault in western Colorado has been arrested in Florida. 56-year-old Stephen "Gatorwolf" Ketcher surrendered to authorities in Jacksonville, Florida, on Wednesday. A Mesa County arrest warrant lists seven counts of sexual assault on a child by a person Continue reading


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Russia's declared Pivot to Asia means mostly more co-operation with China, but limited engagement with other regional players
Russia in East Asia: Ambitions Fall Short of Reality
Ever since the end of the Cold War, the idea of a dramatic turn to Asia has been a recurrent aim of Russia's foreign policy. Russian politicians and commentators have emphasized the need to balance Russia's external relations by taking a more active posture towards the East since the mid-1990s. Asia re-emerged once again as a priority along with Vladimir Putin's return to presidency in the early 2012, which was symbolically confirmed by the APEC summit in Vladivostok later that year. The 'Russian pivot' was given an added impetus in the aftermath of the crisis over Ukraine and the West's sanctions.
There have been two fundamental goals: to make Russia a fully-fledged participant of the East Asian politics — a sui generis third party for the smaller states squeezed between the US and China — and to avoid Russia's dependence on China in the region. This required substantial adaptation. In terms of political cooperation, it meant the diversification of political ties — i.e. the development of infrastructure for political and security dialogue with states other than China. Economically, it required diversifying trade flows, developing commercial ties with East Asian countries while attracting investment from them for projects in Russia. In the energy sphere, the turn to the East meant finding new customers for Russia's oil and gas, rather than just increasing its levels of export to China. The Kremlin's assumption behind the 'pivot' was that Russia would be able to become a relevant actor in the Asia-Pacific region. The Kremlin assumed it had sufficient tools to make this possible.
The shadow of 'Sinocentrism'
Russia has not managed to translate ambitious goals into a new political reality. Its policy towards Asia remains 'Sinocentric' — i.e. centred on China. China has been Russia's key political partner in the region. Similar views on international politics and similar interests form the basis for Sino-Russian political cooperation. These include first and foremost the opposition towards the US political and military domination of the Asia-Pacific region as well as a willingness to rearrange the security architecture of the region. China remains Russia's only partner in the sphere of security and defence cooperation. Since 2012, both states have been conducting regular naval exercises, mostly in East Asian seas. Russia and China share their opposition to the American deployments of missile defence systems, both in South Korea and Japan.
China has been Russia's most important trade partner among East Asian states. In 2016 Russian-Chinese trade reached US$ 69 billion, three times as much as Russia's trade with Japan (US$ 20 billion) and four times as with South Korea (US$ 16 billion). Chinese investment in Russia grew at a relatively slow pace over the last five years, reaching up to 8,9 US$ billion in 2015.
Russia's focus on China has been even more conspicuous in the energy realm. The existing infrastructure is mostly bound for China and China increased its position as number one customer for Russian crude oil. The oil pipeline, East Siberia – Pacific Ocean (ESPO), has two sections, one to Daqing in China, another to Nakhodka/Kozmino on the Pacific coast. Russia and China started the construction of a second branch from Skovorodino to Daqing, parallel to the already existing one which would double the capacity of the section to China, from 15 to 30 million tons of oil. China purchases increasing amount of Russian crude oil, using not only the pipeline to Daqing but also the Pacific terminal which Russia assumed would serve as a tool of diversification, providing the resources for other customers than China. In 2015, China imported 41 million tons of oil from Russia, Japan – 14 million, South Korea – 4 million (to compare, in 2015 Russia exported 154 million tons to the EU). In 2016 China bought 70% of oil from Kozmino port, up from 51% in 2015.
The two states began also to build the gas pipeline, the Power of Siberia, which would link Russia and China directly and would not supply any other state. Its completion may be expected around 2019-2020, although it reaches its full capacity around 2023-2025. Moreover, Gazprom withdrew from previous plans to build an LNG facility in Vladivostok which would balance future Russian gas sales to China by offering natural gas to other Asian customers. China is a major contributor to the flagship private project, Novatek's Yamal-LNG. Chinese company, CNPC, holds a 20% stake in the project (France's Total is another foreign stakeholder) and contracted the purchase of 3 million ton LNG per annum. The Chinese banks promised a US$12 billion loan for the project's development. In this context, Japan offered US$ 400 million investment in the project. The only major exception to this Sinocentric pattern is the Sakhalin-2 LNG facility. Japanese firms hold stakes in the project and Japan is the biggest buyer of gas, with South Korea and China being two other major customers.
Failed overtures
Against this backdrop, Russia's ties with other East Asian states are significantly weaker. Russia and Japan have been attempting to tighten their ties for the last three years. They established a rare format of strategic consultations — the 'two plus two', between foreign and defence ministers. Vladimir Putin and Shinzo Abe have met more than dozen times. The Russian president hosted the Japanese prime minister as his special guest at the opening of the Sochi Olympic Games in February, 2014. The absence of Japan's strategic autonomy – due to its bilateral alliance with the US – remains, however, the major obstacle to the development of closer relations between Moscow and Tokyo. Japan joined the G-7 sanctions after Russia's annexation of Crimea and had to scale down its ambitions. Although Japan's room for manoeuvre increased in the aftermath of Donald Trump's election for the president, the strategic alliance between Japan and the US remains in place. Moreover, Russia does not seem capable of addressing one of the most pressing Japanese concerns — i.e. the nuclear and missile programme pursued by North Korea. Japan's response in the form of deploying another layer of missile defence may only deepen Russia's negative attitudes. Secondly, Russia would find it difficult to redirect energy streams from China to Japan. Even if the latter would be able to absorb the increase in oil and gas deliveries, Russia lacks both infrastructure and free resources, given how much is already contracted on the long-term basis by China. Thirdly, it would be difficult for Japan to increase substantially security and defence cooperation with Russia, be it in the form of arms acquisition or joint military exercises.
Another setback for Russia came amid growing tensions in the South China Sea. Over the years, Russia managed to stay neutral on the territorial disputes in the South China Sea. Moscow's position, though, has evolved over the last two years. In terms of rhetoric, Russia declared at several occasions that outside powers should not interfere with the disputes, thus repeating and reaffirming the China's position. In terms of behaviour, the 2016 naval drills, 'Joint Sea-2016' took place in the South China Sea, albeit not in the contested parts. While the change has been very incremental, Russia has been supporting, even if unintentionally, China.
Close cooperation with China has seriously limited Moscow's ability to act as an independent player in the wider region — preventing Russia from implementing a fully-fledged turn to the East rather than just reinforcing cooperation with China. Instead of playing its intended as a third party — a balancer in the region dominated by China and the US — Russia has been increasingly supporting Beijing. In the longer term, such a policy on the part of Moscow may weaken its relations with traditional partners, Vietnam in particular.
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I'm currently working on a project to monitor certain processes on workstations to establish their average CPU, Memory, Disk I/O loads. I'm currently testing this on 20 workstations and have built a report that shows statistics for those processes on each workstation. What I'd like to do is aggregate that data together so that it shows me the average CPU usage for a process running on all 20 machines. Has anyone ran into a similar situation or have any idea how I might make this happen?
Thanks in advance,
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One of the best gadgets to enjoy mobile games is iPhone. OddPlanet is one of the top games for iOS and we can help you to play it without any payments! To download OddPlanet for iPhone, we recommend you to select the model of your device, and then our system will choose the most suitable game apps. Downloading is very simple: select the desired ipa file and click "download free OddPlanet", then select one of the ways you want to get the game. Just a few easy steps and you are enjoying OddPlanet for iPad or iPod. And remember! We update our collection of free ipa games daily, so stay tuned!
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Game description: OddPlanet:
OddPlanet is an adventure game inspired by Limbo and Oddworld. You will guide a lonely little girl though hostile environments of another planet and help her survive. She will share her feelings and thoughts with you. Get ready to experience the atmospheric sounds, stereo music and meet charming creatures in this beautiful, hand-painted world.
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App Inventor is an easy piece of software that starts you off in developing Android apps. If instead of two buttons to switch a state ON or OFF you want to have a button that toggles, the image shows how that is done.
Suppose I have a button called "bThuisToggle" it carries an image called "huis.png". If I click it I want it to send a byte (85) and the next time I click it I want it to send another byte (117). I also want the image of the button to change into "huis_uit.png".
The block in the picture shows clearly how to do that


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From the tunes of Elvis the King, to the swing beats of the rock & roll Beatles era - three words stand out, comeon' let's jive!
Join a couple of us as we jam together and learn the moves, spins and slides you'll need to get the party jiving. The jive is effortless, easy to learn and great to tap your feet to at any party.
We promise you the funnest way to shake a leg, learn a short dance sequence and have a ball together.
We're taking a hour out on Sunday over drinks, dimsums and a whole lotta dancing. So shine your dancing shoes and dust those top hats ladies n' gents, get ready for a boozy October dancedown.
Don't worry about being a beginner or a practitioner, the experience has something for everyone.
Ooh, we love it! How do we reserve a spot?
Simply reserve a spot from the experience invitation email. If you don't receive Couple of Us emails, leave us your information and we'll get back to you.


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Glen Lim is a partner in the Commercial Finance group. His principal focus is the representation of banks and other financial institutions as lenders and strategic investors, and buyout funds and corporations as borrowers, in connection with domestic and international financings. This includes financings of mergers and acquisitions, debtor-in-possession and exit financings, first and second lien financings, and working capital and asset-based financings.
Shown below is a selection of Glen's engagements.


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Mountain Trout and the BTU Output of Goat Hair
Ryan Jordan waxes philosophical about packing light on an eight-day fishing and hiking trip through Montana's Beartooth Mountains in search of high mountain lake trout. Just FYI, this is one of the most spectular regions in the U.S. for high-mountain fishing treks — but not one you want to consider without careful planning. "Several more hours of rockhopping brought us high into the glaciated domain of some of the Beartooth's lesser-known peaks. Late afternoon brought a waning sun, high winds, and impending thunderstorms, quickly making us realize that we were walking astride a very fine line between sheer stupidity and well, sheer stupidity (I won't say which side of the line, because my mom might be reading this)." On BackpackingLight.com.
Year-Round Everglades Redfish
The Redfish Riviera


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Monthly Archives: August 2011
Breast of Lamb Slow Cooked with Onions
I really enjoyed watching Simon Hopkinsons The Good Cook very relaxing watching though inducing serious kitchen envy, now trying to work out how I might squeeze a sofa into our kitchen. Like his popular book Roast Chicken and other stories … Continue reading
Chocolate Date Cake
I am not one of those girls obsessed with chocolate for me it is a bit of a take it or leave it ingredient. The exception was while I was pregnant I craved both cake and chocolate. I partly put … Continue reading
Slow Cooked Sausage and Beans
This is definitely not a normal August dish but as I write this it is grey and drizzling, feels more like Autumn and I definitely need warming food. Juicy sausages with earthy pinto beans slow cooked til rich and sticky. … Continue reading
Portabello Stuffed Mushroom Burgers with Tomato Salsa
I love the big portabello mushrooms we get in the vegebox. They are lovely make just seasoned and grilled in a cob. This time I decided to do a little extra with them by stuffing them. You could use sausage … Continue reading
BBQ Leg of Lamb and Boulangere Potatoes
For weeks I have jealously watched the biggest numbers of hits on Girl Interrupted Eating be for BBQ recipes, getting to grips with the routine of a newborn has not left much time for playing with fire. Last weekend it … Continue reading


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Coaching Certification Schedule
A listing of upcoming Coaching Certification Courses, Clinics and Sessions.
CMFSC continues to provide a program to enable our coaches to become certified under the National Coaching Certification Program (NCCP). CMFSC provides and pays for all CMFSC coaches to complete the courses within the Community Coaching Stream.
- When registering for a course hosted by CMFSC, please use the registration code provided below and the club will be invoiced directly for your registration fee.
- If registering for a course hosted outside of CMFSC, you will need to pay for the course and then forward your receipt to the Technical Director for reimbursement.
- When registering for a BC Soccer Coaching Course via the Coach Centre Management System, please use the applicable course registration code found in each course description.
2018-19 CMFSC Coaching Certification Info
Fundamentals #2
September 28, 2019
FUNDAMENTALS (U7 - U8 Coaches)At this stage, players should pa...
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- Fauquier Wineries – Promoting the vineyards and wine of Fauquier County, Virginia.
- Chehalem Wines
- New Kent Winery
- DelFosse Winery – Virginia Winery near Charlottesville and Jefferson's Monticello in the foothills of the Blue Ridge.
- Sweely Winery – Established in 2004 by The Sweely Family with one goal: Make world-class wine from an expertly managed vineyard.
- Messina Hof – Bryan, Texas
- Winery at La Grange – Located Haymarket, Virginia in 1790 Manor House, A Tase of History
- Barrel Oak Winery
- Atwater Vineyards – Nurturing soils and souls with clean and true wines from Seneca Lake's south east side.
- North Gate Vineyard – North Gate is a farm winery in Loudoun County, Virginia, owned and operated by Mark and Vicki Fedor, our family, and friends.
- Bluemont Vineyard – nestled on the Blue Ridge Mountains high above the Northern Virginia countryside.
- Gadino Cellars – We are a small winery producing internationally acclaimed wines.
- Rappahannock Cellars – Revolutionizing Virginia Wine
- Fox Meadow Winery – A boutique winery in Northern Virginia offering excellent views and even better wines.
- Pearmund Cellars– Virginia winery in Northern Virginia, part of the Blue Ridge Wineway.
- Corcoran Vineyards – Our wines are created using traditional methods that enable the full flavors of the grapes to be tasted in every bottle.
- Philip Carter Winery – follows in the footsteps of Charles Carter and his dream for winemaking in Virginia.
- Keswick Vineyards – located at Edgewood, is a gracious Virginia estate encompassing 400 rolling acres of farm and woodland rich in history.


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All the essentials for idyllic breaks.
A wonderful retreat, wherever your mood takes you.
Bringing the great outdoors indoors.
Born in Yorkshire... at home anywhere.
Everything you need from a holiday home and more.
Your very own country cottage retreat.
Making British holidays accessible to all.
Where country living and modern life meet.
One unique and chic retreat.
A real home from home.
For the adventurer who loves their creature comforts.
Time is precious. Spend it somewhere extraordinary.
The Oakley
Features & Floor Plans
You deserve a holiday home that makes the absolute most of that panoramic beauty. And, that's exactly what you get with The Oakley.


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Bell Tower | KW
Las Estrellas offering of the most popular 2,534 sq. ft. floor plan - The Villa di Roma model. One of the few detached homes in the Villas with the added joy of mountain vistas. This three-bedroom, four-bath home has two spacious living areas and is centrally airconditioned. Kitchen, dining and living areas are open-plan with a contemporary flair. A view deck and landscaped areas complete the picture. Intelligently upgraded with a wall of bookshelves and custom drawers in the lower level living area and extensive cabinetry in the laundry room, both crafted to match all the cabinetry in this well-maintained, move-in ready home. All brand-new GE stainless steel kitchen appliances. Located privately on Villas Loop. Community amenities include walking paths and a delightful park. Easy access to Santa Fe, Los Alamos and all points North and South.
Team Vasquez & Lamprich SantaFeReal
Sotheby's Int. RE/Grant II


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006: Hulu Live Stream, Playstation Vue, & Apple Rose Gold Macbook
For episode 6, we discuss breaking news from Hulu with their plans to stream live TV in 2017. In comparison, we look into the TV offerings from Playstation Vue. We dive deep into the new format of USB C. Plus, we take a look at the 3D laser printer from Glowforge. This and more on #Technocrats.


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So, today, I came across one of those Mad Men episodes (God bless YouTube!), the one where Roger Sterling (the white haired immature funny twack) took LSD. I always found the nature of drug use peculiar. I mean, okay, say what you like, but the basic reason as to WHY people take drugs remains just a very basic "want" to experience previously unexperienced dimension. Look around the 60's (the best time period, and all who existed back then and lived to see Woodstock, know that you have my envy) and you will see the fact that the basic essence was of a revolution, creation of ideas, Athenian/ Bohemian lifestyle. Any idiot was free to move around reciting poetry or doing something as peculiar. The fact behind that was a deeper introspection and a demand for social freedom. Now, to experience the fact that it "could" be there, the Utopia that they wanted, the basic freedom to be independent of systems, and requirements… that wasn't there, but they wanted to know what it was if it "could" be like that. The need was to experience the "what-if" moments.
Besides the forbidden nature of what I would comprehend, drugs also resulted in some of the finest music/ artistic/ literary/ poetic/ philosophic bits of that particular era. One favourite that I would take the trouble to talk of, is Jim Morison. We know his heroin addiction and his glorified death at a very young age. But then again, he experienced what wasn't there, also, there was this lesser known Doors song "Heroin" with the kind of background music which would glorify the affect of the drug. Jimmy Page, is another example. I do not mean lyrics, but he spoke a very different language altogether. If one goes by the nature of the movement of the strings, they can meditate upon a very personal dimension that influenced him. Page had a history behind his bits.
A funny thing was, that these people took drugs to understand the nature of what could be or what would be. They took it, they made artistic and intellectual contributions (that have been attributed to them under their Wikipedia pages, and the pages of their respective biographies), but then again, there wasn't much of a contribution to the general society. I mean, that time period did bring a huge idea into existence, which has already been practically applied before, but also it brought about a separate idea into being that one can make much of a thought. Also, a thought which was pretty useless in the long run (debates upon the topic are welcome).
Somehow, the nature of drug usage doesn't hold much appeal to me. I would like to put forth my views to the readers about something that isn't permanent. Now, what I feel normally about these things is, that drugs can take you on a wishful thinking of the perfect paradise, but it doesn't keep the paradise, and when you'll snap out of it, you'll see that your perfect palace in the air is standing on a cloud, and now that it's time to rain, your palace HAS to fall. That's just not it what the basic existence of your paradise is about. No! Your paradise is yours. And it has the right to exist. Especially in your own dimension. If you need an external crutch to place it there, it's just not being fair to your own self. Think about it, if the nature of thought isn't strong, how can it be an opinion?
Mind is a very complex device. It thinks, it understands, it interprets, it forms and yet it is also being present. But, the thought and an anxiety of wanting to feel that again, it kinds of cut you out of the present world, and that's when you question yourself. "Is this what I wanted?" "Is this alright the way it is?" "I don't like, I don't have to live with it." "I do NOT have to live with it." "Is it even real?" "Is that really me?" Your philanthropic castle suddenly encloses you in its gates refusing to open, and you literally pray for the storm to come and blow away the cloud, so that you can jump to the abyss, except for, this abyss won't take you higher.
I do not believe in fiddling with the mind. That's being unfair to your own thought. Think about it, just how self focused you can become in a way that is self destructive!
I never tried drugs, nor do I want to. But I have known people in my school to indulge in drug usage (though they were very much too-young-for-it) and the other things that I didn't understand the reason behind. Part of the reason why people go to drugs is the lack of education. We say that, this is heroine, you shouldn't take it/ this stuff is forbidden/ it's off limits/ it's addictive/ it'll kill you. Well, even Aspirin is as lethal. But instead of giving them reasons on why they shouldn't do it, it's better to say what it is, what effects it has, and why it has a certain effect, a positive effect that it can have, an alternate way to have a similar positive effect without the side effect (which I will mention). That way, you give an individual a choice, that way, and let them know what it will be rather than having them to dwell upon the "what-if".
An alternate to drug use is meditation. Well, the reason why they are consumed in the first place is to experience bliss, or a previously unexperienced dimension. If proper meditation is conducted with all the means and measures that it is meant to be done with, you can understand a wider reason to what a short lived fantasy is about. That, and your castle in the air will get a chance to stand on a firmer ground. I mean, as I talk of it, I myself have underwent a meditation program which is a seven day program followed by a forty days progress cycle by the IshaYoga. (Yes they are commercialised, but at least they have something to offer that can help. Damn capitalists!) They call it Shambhavi meditation. I tried one of those modern meditations, but then again, their effect is very short lived. These people give you a very Vedic meditation which is (in my opinion) a longer lasting effect, and also, a core changing point. Also, to each their own. You can go for self hypnosis, or one of those recorded journals. Either way, their effect is to register your thought and have it noted. Not controlling it. We control it in our day to day life very subconsciously. The only way is to let itself free, but still know what you're doing. That's what you're trying to do through drugs, Jodie. Let yourself free!
This timeline, the 2012 period of the century we exist in, has given a lot of bizarre events. Probably, most of them is what public hate, the disagreement between generations, everything going public, nothing being personal anymore, that there is not a corner on this planet which is remote anymore (at least the landmass, we still don't know much of the oceans), and the only thing that we don't know is the nature's camaflouge (she has "problems"), and all sorts of unimaginable things. Thanks to the modern technological media, we know that everything is connected to everything else. In fact, we are moving too fast in time, right now, and we don't know where this cycle will end so that the next cycle of events can take place. This particular time period is pretty much like the spreading of continents looking for lands to occupy different lands. As if, now that we have the knowledge, we might just as well as take whatever we want and define boundaries between us and them, and we are facing nature's resistance, and some out of us telling us that our forced control is wrong. Soon, we'll fight among ourselves for power and resources, after which there will be a huge disaster and a meltdown, thereof. Coming to think of it, the economic crisis is directly in resonance with the event of establishment of empires in foreign countries, also the melt down which initiated the First World War. So, in this one year of awareness, we are torn apart between a conservative outlook of privacy and a modern pull out of openness, and we are existing in the middle path of this even. While some are struggling to maintain the conservatism, the openness has more theoretic takers than the practical ones. The psyche is weaving a thread of thought around convenience and that's where we are, what we want. It's a castle in air that we are very consciously placing on clouds but not on our clouds, on someone else's. It's always easier to fall on someone else, isn't it?
I am not elaborating upon the mechanism of working as of now because the nature of the thought is very much of a long and boring diatribe, also, it is very much still unconstructed. But as far as I can think of it for now, time is moving in a symmetry to itself. The universe is moving in a symmetry. They say Woodstock is a once in a lifetime event. Look at Greek Bacchantes, or the Indian Shamans! There have always been replications at different time periods, so what we consider as a once in existence phenomena is a recurring thing. It has happened and it will always happen, because that is the nature of working. Just the nature of observation is alter, because, one hadn't experience the event in those ages, so they took it for something new, just as we might. But that's the nature of human thought! That is the way mind works! It has always been there, and it will always be there. Period. The existence is a very recurring phenomenon which is always beginning and always ending. Some might consider it never ending. The modern physics still struggles on the nature of time, though.


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originally posted by: infolurker
a reply to: Kalixi
For some god unknown reason (at least to me) the Leftest Globalist Progressives in the world are bound and determined to "fundamentally transform" western valued nations into 3rd world s#itholes.
I assume if they can succeed in "balkanizing" our countries that they believe they can control us.


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Julian's Hot Wheels Blog
My name is Julian and this is my blog for those who love Hot Wheels, check back daily for new posts! Thanks for visiting, keep collecting!
Wednesday, May 27, 2015
Toyota MR2 (2015 Mystery Models #7)
Here is a "tooned" Toyota MR2! The tooned aspect of it makes it an interesting looking casting. It doesn't look too bad in red either, I like it enough anyways!
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Julian's Hot Wheels Blog
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