text:
What is she thinking?
Saturday, January 31, 2015
Friday, January 30, 2015
Songwriters have to squeeze a story/idea in a small amount of words. That is why it is so easy, at least for me, to fall into a "song outline" trap. I finish a verse or two and think I am on the verge of something great. I have begun to tell a cool story. So excited, feel good. Then, I see that I have nothing but an outline. I have
told you the moon is shinning rather than shown you the glint of light on the broken window pane. Pairing emotion with pictures in a very limited word count is extremely hard to do. I constantly have to remind myself to show 'em don't tell 'em. The fun is getting that job done. When your song connects with you every time you sing it to thousands or just yourself or your dogs, you are enjoying the fruits of your labor.
Thursday, January 29, 2015
Unusual inventive structure. Great feel good song.
Hand In My Pocket
Alanis Morissette, Glen Ballard
I'm broke but I'm happy
I'm poor but I'm kind
I'm short but I'm healthy, yeah
I'm high but I'm grounded
I'm sane but I'm overwhelmed
I'm lost but I'm hopeful baby
What it all comes down to
Is that everything's gonna be fine fine fine
'cause I've got one hand in my pocket
And the other one is giving a high five
I feel drunk but I'm sober
I'm young and I'm underpaid
I'm tired but I'm working, yeah
I care but I'm restless
I'm here but I'm really gone
I'm wrong and I'm sorry baby
What it all comes down to
Is that everything's gonna be quite alright
'cause I've got one hand in my pocket
And the other one is flicking a cigarette
And what it all comes down to
Is that I haven't got it all figured out just yet
'cause I've got one hand in my pocket
And the other one is giving the peace sign
I'm free but I'm focused
I'm green but I'm wise
I'm hard but I'm friendly baby
I'm sad but I'm laughing
I'm brave but I'm chickenshit
I'm sick but I'm pretty baby
And what it all boils down to
Is that no one's really got it figured out just yet
'cause I've got one hand in my pocket
And the other one is playing the piano
And what it all comes down to my friends
Is that everything's just fine fine fine
'cause I've got one hand in my pocket
And the other one is hailing a taxi cab
Wednesday, January 28, 2015
Stumbled on this article in the BMI site and thought it was worth sharing.
Three Reasons To Be Thankful You Are A songwriter
By Cliff Goldmacher
On the heels of this Thanksgiving, I thought I would take a moment to tell you (and myself, while I'm at it) a few of the things we have to be thankful for as songwriters. Songwriting is the kind of pursuit that often takes place in a vacuum with little or no encouragement and is, by its very nature, solitary. Also, given that only the tiniest percentage of the songs we write ever get to see the light of day by getting cut, it's easy to get frustrated. The risk is that we tend to forget what a gift being a songwriter actually is. Here are a few reminders.
1. You've got a way to express yourself. In the course of living our day-to-day lives, we are subjected to an unpredictable mixture of elation and sadness. No matter what, this is a lot to handle, but having the ability to write about it is a huge advantage. Putting your thoughts in a song that will not only help you but also those who hear it is a wonderful, constructive way of processing life. Without the ability to write songs, you might never have the luxury of this kind of perspective.
2. You've got something you're passionate about. Many people go through their entire lives without finding something that truly moves them. You've got a passion. While your passion for songwriting will make you crazy and plunge you into the depths of despair, it will also bring you great joy and drive you to efforts that you never imagined yourself capable of. This kind of growth can only come from true, heartfelt dedication. Never take this for granted. Being passionate about your songwriting is its own reward. This is not to say that you shouldn't strive for any and all successes that are out there. However, it's important to remember every once in a while that you're lucky to have found something in this world that is so important to you.
3. You're on a journey. Whether it's the first time you write a whole song or winning a Grammy, every step of your journey as a songwriter should be appreciated. You will only have one first time to see someone listen to something you've written and cry. Don't forget to stop and enjoy each event no matter how small. The danger in putting too much significance on the end game of financial success is that you'll miss all the incredible moments along the way.
We all know how difficult, frustrating and even scary songwriting can be. Being thankful for all of the good it brings us can help keep things in perspective. Personally, I'm thankful for my high-school piano teacher who nonchalantly asked for the impossible at the end of one of our lessons: "For next week, I'd like you to write a song."
Tuesday, January 27, 2015
Stairway To Heaven
Dorianne Laux
We're deep into the seventh hour of the trip, the car
packed with electric guitars and pint-sized
speakers, skateboards and fishing rods,
crumpled copies of Thrasher and Mad.
Ray is riding shotgun—he and Dan switched
at the last stop as agreed. One minute
they're yelling every cuss word they know
out the open windows, the forbidden syllables
swept beneath the tires of trucks, the next,
they're asleep and dreaming, bare toes
twitching, their shaved heads lolling
on the torn upholstery. But now,
Dan's reading by flashlight, and Ray's
looking out at the river, skipping through
stations on the radio when he hears
"Stairway to Heaven"
and freezes, snaps his head around
to each of us, his mouth open
in the absolute O of exquisite luck.
We listen to the guitar bend out its solo
and everyone's still. The train
straining up the tracks beside us. The moon
hauling its solitude into the sky.
Ray turns up the volume and closes his eyes, says,
"Doesn't this part give you the chills?"
We nod in agreement, then settle again
into our separate worlds. In mine,
I'm beholden to any boy brave enough
to be stunned, to sit still and hushed
while the grievous tones wash through him
like dusk. Stars flicker in the ether—headlights
fog-mired—cornfields buried in mist.
The Siskiyou Mountains divide up ahead,
waiting to swallow us whole.
Monday, January 26, 2015
Sunday, January 25, 2015
I always think of the Queen song Winters Tail while hiking snowy winter woods.
Here is the third verse;
So quiet and peaceful
Tranquil and blissful
There's a kind of magic in the air
What a truly magnificent view
A breathtaking scene
With the dreams of the world
In the palm of your hand
Saturday, January 24, 2015
Weather forecast; slight chance of light dusting on the ridges.
Light drizzle at bedtime.
No sod bustin' today.
Guess I'll shovel the driveway.
Waiting for the sun to show up.
Wet seat.
Oh yeah!
Kids are playin'.
Friday, January 23, 2015
Twenty eight warm degrees this morning. Last year today the temperature was minus 6! Five weeks till March. I need some green.
Diamond grazing while I fish.
Mr. Cogito and the Imagination
Zbigniew Herbert
Mr. Cogito never trusted
tricks of the imagination
the piano at the top of the Alps
played false concerts for him
he didn't appreciate labyrinths
the Sphinx filled him with loathing
he lived in a house with no basement
without mirrors of dialectics
jungles of tangled images
were not his home
he would rarely soar
on the wings of metaphor
and then he fell like Icarus
into the embrace of the Great Mother
he adored tautologies
idem per idem
that a bird is a bird
slavery means slavery
a knife is a knife
death remains death
he loved
the flat horizon
a straight line
the gravity of the earth
Thursday, January 22, 2015
Moving work by Kerry "Doc" Pardue from his book,
Poems In The Key Of Life: Reflections Of A Combat Medic.
Answer the Door
I was just 19 years old
When I answered my nation's call
It was time to put my life on the line
For a thing called liberty and justice for all
Went off to Basic then Medic training
But was not prepared for what was in store
Besides who really knows the difference
Between a conflict and a war
Youthful eyes turned very old
When I saw the horror on battlefield
I became indifferent to the trauma
That was before me at 20 years old
I returned home wanting to forget it all
But I was a different man
My mind and heart had aged an eternity
War had taken its toll
Life is now filled with sleepless nights
War still raging on in my head
And though I fear no one
I am afraid to go to bed
There are others just like me
Still fighting to stay alive
I certainly am not one of those
Who made widows of our wives
When our country called me
I went above and beyond and more
But when I called on the VA
They refused to answer the door
Wednesday, January 21, 2015
This song came form the 52 Club prompt "suicide note".
My Life Is In Your Hands
Walt Sample
Pull me up into your life boat
Or ghostwrite my suicide note
My life is in your hands
I don't know where to begin
But it's up to you how it ends
My life is in your hands
Bleeding in a river of barbed wire knots
Didn't know the price till I paid the cost
Lost a game of truth or dare
Saddled up my nightmare
My life is in your hands
Rode from heaven into hell
Oh I really need your help
My life is in your hands
Bleeding in a river of barbed wire knots
Didn't know the price till I paid the cost
Pull me up into your life boat
Or ghostwrite my suicide note
My life is in your hands
Tuesday, January 20, 2015
I am doing some research for a project and read Poems In The Key Of Life: Reflections Of A Combat Medic, written by Kerry "Doc" Pardue, last night.
Very emotional stuff. Here is an example.
The Last Breath
Kerry "Doc" Pardue
I was your nurse
You were my patient
Thrown together half-way across the earth
I am not sure you can hear me
You haven't got much time
I will do my best to keep you out of pain
I will stay with you holding your hand
Until the last breath
It is my job to help you on your final journey
Your hands seem so strong for one so young
Your hair so soft and easy to touch
Your breathing is more labored
Close your eyes breathe deep and slow
That's it let it all out…the last breath
Your face relaxes, your hands go limp
I was with you at the end of your life
I touched you, I held you, I loved you
I didn't even know your name
All I have is the memory of your last breath
Monday, January 19, 2015
Not Easy These Days
Matt West
I've been brooding over pages,
talking with the dead,
words of the sages
are living in my head.
So much is different,
so much is the same.
There are many conflicts
over symbol and name.
I've been trying to make my way
down these many streets,
through the black and white and gray,
but it's not easy...
not easy these days.
Sunday, January 18, 2015
Why not have a little fun.
The Song That Didn't Rhyme
Alice Cooper
Wrote a song it was wrong from it's very first conception
Seemed I struggled on every line
It wasn't fast wasn't pretty wasn't serious or witty
The song that didn't rhyme
The band couldn't wing it the singer couldn't sing it
The Drummer's always out of time
The dj's were offended my union card suspended
Billboard declared it a crime
The melody blows in a key that no one can find
The lyrics don't flow but I can't get it out of my mind
A three minute waste of your time
On a song that didn't rhyme
It was bland, it was boring, all the groupies there were snoring
The first time we played it live
All the record guys got fired the president retired
But somehow the song survived
The melody blows in a key that no one can find
The lyrics don't flow but I can't get it out of my mind
The melody blows in a key that no one can find
The lyrics don't flow but I can't get it out of my mind
A three minute waste of your time
No redeeming value of any kind
But thanks for the $12.99
On a song that didn't rhyme
Saturday, January 17, 2015
Great article form BMI MusicWorld magazine article by Jason Blume.
My highlight & cartoon.
5 Tips to Turn Good Songs into HIT Songs
by Jason Blume
I recently hosted one of my monthly BMI Nashville Songwriter Workshops where each of the fifty attendees had an opportunity to pitch one song to a successful publisher. As is typically the case at these workshops, with few exceptions, every song played was perfectly crafted. The writers have mastered the use of current song structures; the lyrics made sense and were well written; rhymes were where my ear expected them to be; and the melodies worked well with the chords—avoiding any dissonance. Yet the publisher took copies of only five songs—ten percent of those that were pitched.
It was a good reminder that "perfectly crafted" is a starting point—but it isn't enough. In order to rise above the competition our songs need to go beyond the expected, pushing the creative envelope, and differentiating themselves from the hundreds—if not thousands—of other well-written songs that are all vying for a coveted slot on a major label artist's recording.
I once had a publisher tell me that when he plays songs at meetings with record label executives, he needs his songs to "slap them out of their A&R trance." The same holds true when pitching songs to record producers and recording artists. The publisher went on to explain that these industry pros are bombarded with songs—most of which were written by published songwriters with track records—so all of the songs under consideration are "good." But only those songs that have that "extra" something jump out of the pile and demand attention.
Similarly, writers who play their songs for publishers, in the hopes of securing a publishing deal, need to take into account that the publisher probably already has an extensive catalog of songs, and possibly staff writers, for which he or she is responsible. There have to be compelling reasons for a publisher to choose your song over the competition—elements that instantly announce that this song is unique and exceptional; that it is destined to become the smash hit that will elevate an artist's career to a next level.
Imagine that every song needs to score a minimum of 100 points to become a hit. Some of those points will typically be earned by the lyric; some will be awarded because of the melody; while others might come from the musical backing track.
So … what elements can you add to your songs to provide those "extra" points that compel artists, publishers, and record label executives to choose your songs over the competition—and then carry them to the top of the charts? The more components we include, the more "points" we rack up—and the better chance for success. Let's look at some ways to separate songs from the pack—and transform them from "good" to "WOW!"
Include Unique Melodic Elements
and Unexpected Melodic Intervals
A memorable melody is essential—but only those melodies that feel fresh and original will rise above the competition. There are several ways to ensure your melodies grab attention. The tools described below can take a song to the next level.
Listen to the intervals used in Kris Kristofferson's classic, "Help Me Make it Through the Night." The note choices in the first line are anything but predictable. Similarly, listen to Neil's Young's "The Needle and the Damage Done," and note the unexpected note and chord choices. More recently, Pink's hit "Try" (written by Busbee and Ben West) incorporated unexpected melodic intervals that allowed the artist to soar vocally while matching the intense emotion of the lyric.
Stock melodies won't contribute to a listener choosing your song over the competition.
Add Instrumental Hooks
By adding instrumental hooks—catchy instrumental melodic phrases—you give your listeners another reason to latch onto—and connect to—your song. For example, the distinctive tenor saxophone line sampled from Balkan Beat Box's "Hermetico" provides some of the most memorable moments in Jason DeRulo's smash hit, "Talk Dirty."
It accomplishes this both by incorporating an instantly recognizable lick—and introducing a sound that's fresh, attention grabbing, and not typically heard in hip-hop. The baritone sax part heard in the verses contributes yet another special element. Similarly, the catchy tenor sax line woven through Macklemore and Ryan Lewis' "Thrift Shop" was one of the most distinctive elements of that #1 hit.
I'm not implying that using saxophones is the magic answer. Hit songs have included instrumental melodic hooks that were played on keyboards, banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, accordions, fiddle, bass guitar, harmonica, and countless other instruments. It's interesting to note that in Phillip Phillips' "Home," the added melodic hook that helped propel this song to the top of the charts was performed by a combination of instruments and vocals—without lyrics.
Including unique, memorable instrumental motifs, and instruments and/or sounds that go beyond the expected can take your songs to the next level.
Incorporate Fresh Rhythms
There's been a recent trend of infusing hip-hop rhythms into contemporary country songs. This can be found in hits such as Blake Shelton's "Boys Round Here" (featuring Pistol Annies), Florida Georgia Line's "Cruise," and Luke Bryan's "That's My Kinda Night."
But regardless of musical genre, one of the most effective ways to separate your songs from the pack is to craft melodies that give the vocalists interesting rhythms to sing. This is often accomplished by incorporating syncopation.
There are countless examples of hits that use this technique. Some exceptional ones to study include Taylor Swift's "We Are Never Getting Back Together," Katy Perry's "Teenage Dreams," Miranda Lambert's "Mama's Broken Heart," Eli Young Band's "Drunk Last Night," and Lorde's "Royals."
Melodies that go beyond stock, predictable rhythms differentiate themselves from the competition.
A Fresh Lyric Concept & Title
It's obvious that building your song on a foundation of a strong lyric concept—an idea that millions of listeners can relate to—is important. But to elevate your song from "good" to "exceptional," explore a new angle in your lyric; a fresh approach; a novel way to express your concept. This can be done in both the title and the individual lines of lyric.
Notice how intriguing the titles and corresponding concepts are in classic songs such as "Billy Jean," "Hotel California," "Georgia On My Mind," "Stairway to Heaven," "Bridge Over Troubled Waters," "Walkin' After Midnight," "Take This Job and Shove It," and "Proud Mary."
There are also countless examples of contemporary hits that have unique titles and lyric angles, such as "Royals," "Roar," "I Hope You Dance," "(What Doesn't Kill You Makes You) Stronger," "From a Distance," "Alien," "I Kissed a Girl," "The House That Built Me," and "I Drive Your Truck."
At the time I wrote this article, seven of the top 10 songs on Billboard's Hot 100 chart had one-word titles, demonstrating their popularity. Hits with one-word titles have included: "Problem," "Rude," "Fancy," "Cruise," "Crazy," "Wanted," Stay," and "Domino."
Macklemore and Ryan Lewis' Grammy-nominated hit "Same Love" blazed new territory with a lyric that tackled the topic of same-sex love and marriage—a concept that had not previously been heard in a mainstream hit. It's interesting to note that the chorus of that song is sung from the first-person perspective. By avoiding "preaching" to the listeners, and not telling them what they "should" think or feel, the song evoked emotion by allowing its audience to empathize with the singer.
If you were a recording artist seeking material, would you choose a title and concept as interesting as one of those listed above—or a more mundane idea such as "Oh, Baby I Love You," "You're the One I Need," "I Miss You." A great title—and an equally strong concept can be the ticket to take your song to the top of the charts.
Incorporating Nonsense Syllables/Non-Lyric Vocal Hooks
A publisher at one of my workshops told the attendees, "When you add a 'Na-Na-Na," an 'Oh, Oh, Oh," "Hey, Hey, Hey," or some other sounds the audience can sing along with, you increase your song's chances of being recorded ten-thousand-fold. I'm guessing it might not help quite to that extent, but his point is an important one.
One of the catchiest and most memorable elements of the Carrie Underwood/Miranda Lambert #1 duet "Somethin' Bad," is the "Oh-Oh-Oh" sung during the intro and included throughout the song. Similarly, Bruno Mars featured a hook sung on the syllables "oh, yeah, yeah – oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah" during the intro of his Grammy-nominated "Locked Out of Heaven."
The use of non-lyric vocal hooks is not limited to any specific genres, and exceptional examples of these can be heard in Lady Antebellum's "Compass," Beyoncé's "Single Ladies (Put a Ring On It)," Britney's "Till the World Ends," Feist's "1-2-3-4," and Keith Urban's "Long Hot Summer." While it won't be right for every song, this tool is an important one that can help sear your song into listeners' brains.
In summation, if you don't give an artist, an A&R executive, record producer, music publisher—or your listeners—a compelling reason choose your song over the competition—they won't. Think outside the box and give your songs those extra "points" that can turn them from "good" songs to "HIT" songs!
Friday, January 16, 2015
Just started reading Wiley Cash's, A Land More kind Than Home last night.
The opening two sentences painted two very detailed pictures. Good stuff indeed,
I could see the candy, smell the oil lamps, feel the ice water.
I SAT THERE IN THE CAR WITH THE GRAVEL DUST BLOWING ACROSS the parking lot and saw the place for what it was, not what it was right at that moment in the hot sunlight, but for what it had been maybe twelve or fifteen years before: a real general store with folks gathered around the lunch counter, a line of people at the soda fountain, little children ordering ice cream of just about every flavor you could think of, hard candy by the quarter pound, moon pies and crackerjack and other things I hadn't thought about tasting in years. And if I'd closed my eyes I could've seen what the building had been forty or fifty years before that, back when I was a young woman: a screen door slamming shut, oil lamps lit and sputtering black smoke, dusty horses hitched to the posts out front where the iceman unloaded every Wednesday afternoon, the last stop on his route before he headed up out of the holler, the bed of his truck an inch deep with cold water.
Thursday, January 15, 2015
Mr. Van Zandt has blessed us with many masterpieces. This song is among his top five. Well worth a long study.
The Rake
Townes Van Zandt
I used to wake and run with the moon
I lived like a rake and a young man
I covered my lovers with flowers and wounds
My laughter the devil would frighten
The sun she would come and beat me back down
But every cruel day had its nightfall
I'd welcome the stars with wine and guitars
Full of fire and forgetful
My body was sharp the dark air clean
And outrage my joyful companion
Whisperin' women how sweet did they seem
Kneelin' for me to command them
And time was like water but I was the sea
I'd have never noticed it passin'
Except for the turnin' of night into day
And the turnin' of day into cursin'
You look at me now and don't think I don't know
What all your eyes are a sayin'
Does he want us to believe these ravings and lies
They're just tricks that his brains been a playin'
A lover of women he can't hardly stand
He trembles he's bent and he's broken
I've fallen it's true but I say unto you
Hold your tongues until after I've spoken
I was takin' my pride in the pleasures I'd known
I laughed and thought I'd be forgiven
But my laughter turned 'round eyes blazing and
Said my friend, we're holdin' a wedding
I buried my face but it spoke once again
The night to the day we're a bindin'
And now the dark air is like fire on my skin
And even the moonlight is blinding
I lived like a rake and a young man
I covered my lovers with flowers and wounds
My laughter the devil would frighten
The sun she would come and beat me back down
But every cruel day had its nightfall
I'd welcome the stars with wine and guitars
Full of fire and forgetful
My body was sharp the dark air clean
And outrage my joyful companion
Whisperin' women how sweet did they seem
Kneelin' for me to command them
And time was like water but I was the sea
I'd have never noticed it passin'
Except for the turnin' of night into day
And the turnin' of day into cursin'
You look at me now and don't think I don't know
What all your eyes are a sayin'
Does he want us to believe these ravings and lies
They're just tricks that his brains been a playin'
A lover of women he can't hardly stand
He trembles he's bent and he's broken
I've fallen it's true but I say unto you
Hold your tongues until after I've spoken
I was takin' my pride in the pleasures I'd known
I laughed and thought I'd be forgiven
But my laughter turned 'round eyes blazing and
Said my friend, we're holdin' a wedding
I buried my face but it spoke once again
The night to the day we're a bindin'
And now the dark air is like fire on my skin
And even the moonlight is blinding
Wednesday, January 14, 2015
Two different approaches to guitar playing.
"I know about 4 chords and they've always worked for me:
C, F, G7, and A minor."
Johnny Cash
"I've deliberately left certain things vague about the guitar, because I like the primitive aspect of the way I play and think about the guitar. I never think about what key I'm in. I just start to play and hope for the best."
Elvis Costello
Tuesday, January 13, 2015
Faith Shearin
My eyes open before the sun drops its yolk into the sky
and a girl upstairs is practicing scales. I imagine the arch
of her hand, the way her skirt might pause above the knee.
In the street I hear a victim, a paper cup, a man who talks
physics with a pigeon; a pair of girls blow bubblegum bubbles
at the sky. Perhaps an old woman dreams her childhood
on a park bench while the man beside her decides to leave
his wife. The world is complicated: an open window,
my head pressed to a pillow where I find a tidal action:
so many bodies rolling onto the planet, so many others
turning back. In a café I may someday light a cigarette,
remember the last person who did not love me, open my
mouth to see if it speaks smoke or words. But these days
I wake up wondering: how will I fit all this life in one life?
I need a map, a vocabulary list; I can't learn the world
fast enough. I want to be like the girl upstairs who has braced
herself before a grand piano and taught her own blind fingers to sing
Monday, January 12, 2015
I was reading about rhyme schemes the other day and came across one I had never heard of. A A A X, three lines that rhyme followed by one that doesn't.
Interesting scheme. The article went on to say how popular it was especially in ballads. Why hadn't I ever ran across this? Then I was listing to one of my favorite Avett Brothers songs.......
The Ballad Of Love And Hate
Scott Avett, Seth Avett, Robert Crawford
Love writes a letter and sends it to hate
My vacations ending. I'm coming home late
The weather was fine and the ocean was great
and I can't wait to see you again
Hate reads the letter and throws it away
No one here cares if you go or you stay
I barely even noticed that you were away
I'll see you or I won't whatever
Love sings a song as she sails through the sky
The water looks bluer through her pretty eyes
And everyone knows it whenever she flies
and also when she comes down
Hate keeps his head up and walks through the street
Every stranger and drifter he greets
And shakes hands with every loner he meets
with a serious look on his face
Love arrives safely with suitcase in tow
Carrying with her the good things we know
A reason to live and a reason to grow
To trust to hope to care
Hate sits alone on the hood of his car
Without much regard to the moon or the stars
Lazily killing the last of a jar
of the strongest stuff you can drink
Love takes a taxi a young man drives
As soon as he sees her, hope fills his eyes
But tears follow after, at the end of the ride
cause he might never see her again.
Hate gets home lucky to still be alive
He screams o'er the sidewalk and into the drive
The clock in the kitchen says 2:55
And the clock in the kitchen is slow
Love has been waiting, patient and kind
Just wanting a phone call or some kind of sign
That the one that she cares for, who's out of his mind
Will make it back safe to her arms
Hate stumbles forward and leans in the door
Weary head hung, eyes to the floor
He says Love I'm sorry and she says What for
I'm your and that's it whatever
I should not have been gone for so long
I'm your's and that's it forever
You're mine and that's it forever
Sunday, January 11, 2015
Robert Stone died yesterday at the age of 77. His books are must reads.
NEW YORK (AP) — Robert Stone, the award-winning novelist who spun out tales worldwide of seekers, frauds and other misbegotten American dreamers in such works as "A Flag for Sunrise" and "Dog Soldiers," died Saturday at age 77.
Stone died at his home in Key West, Florida, his literary agent, Neil Olson, told The Associated Press. The cause was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
A lifelong adventurer who in his 20s befriended Ken Kesey, Neal Cassady and what he called "all those crazies" of the counterculture, Stone had a fateful affinity for outsiders, especially those who brought hard times on themselves. Starting with the 1966 novel "A Hall of Mirrors," Stone set his stories everywhere from the American South to the Far East and was a master of making art out of his character's follies, whether the adulterous teacher in "Death of the Black-Haired Girl," the fraudulent seafarer in "Outerbridge Reach," or the besieged journalist in "Dog Soldiers," winner of the National Book Award in 1975. "A Flag for Sunrise," published in 1981, was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and PEN/Faulkner award and had the unusual honor of being nominated twice for a National Book Award, as a hardcover and paperback. In 1992, "Outerbridge Reach" was a National Book Award finalist.
Stone's face — well-lined, framed by a sharp stare and weathered beard — was a testament to a life fully and painfully lived. He was a neglected and traumatized child who learned early not to trust reality, a lapsed Catholic consumed by questions of sin and redemption. Inspired to write novels after re-reading "The Great Gatsby" in his 20s, he identified so strongly with his characters he once broke down sobbing, at a college library, while working on "Dog Soldiers."
"Writing means you and the computer or you and the typewriter, and sometimes there's an enormous weight of emotion which you have nowhere to take," Stone told The Associated Press in 1992. "I think it's a reason writers drink; you can get so incredibly wound up you're weeping and laughing. Writing is how I justify my existence. This is a basic hunger for most people; they want their suffering to mean something. You go through all these things and the idea it's utterly of no consequence is very difficult to work with."
Stone's books also included the novel "Damascus Gate," another story of a wayward journalist, this time in the Middle East; "Children of Light," the fictional saga of a drunken screenwriter in Mexico; and a memoir about his years with Kesey and friends, "Prime Green: Remembering the Sixties." He helped write screenplays for adaptations of "Hall of Mirrors" (retitled "WUSA" and starring Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward) and "Dog Soldiers" (released as "Who'll Stop the Rain" starring Nick Nolte and Tuesday Weld).
A native of New York City, he was abandoned at birth by his father and ended up in a Catholic orphanage after his mother, who suffered from schizophrenia, was institutionalized. He remembered himself as a loner and fantasizer, ambling through Central Park as a boy and pretending he was detective Sam Spade. Desperate to break away, he left high school and joined the Navy at 17. By his mid-20s, he was living in New Orleans, dropping acid when he should have been working on a book and selling Collier's Encyclopedias.
"I was selling them in Pearl River County, Mississippi, and other areas not far from New Orleans," he told The Associated Press in 2013. "And every time we hit a town with our encyclopedias, we always got busted by the cops, because they always thought we were in town agitating. We were locked up about seven times. We had to get the Collier's lawyers to come spring us. And sometimes we didn't know if they were going to beat us to death, or if they were going to buy us coffee."
After New Orleans, he moved to the Bay Area, met Kesey and friends and, like so many of his peers in the '60s, went out to "discover America." Stone would begin sharing what he had seen and done with "A Hall of Mirrors," a surreal tale of corruption, decadence and breakdown in New Orleans.
"'A Hall of Mirrors' was something I shattered my youth against," he told The Paris Review in 1985. "It was written through years of dramatic change, not only for me, but for the country. It covers the sixties from the Kennedy assassination through the civil rights movement to the beginning of acid, the hippies, the war."
Stone is survived by his wife, Janice, with whom he had two children. Olson said he had been working on a novel at the time of his death, but had no immediate comment on whether the book would be published.
Saturday, January 10, 2015
Orangutans given iPads, start Skyping each other
I have this saved away in my song idea folder. Wonder if they can sing? Looking for a video I found many on You Tube. Good stuff. Wonder what is next?
Six months ago, orangutans at the Milwaukee Zoo were given iPads to play around with, and the gadgets proved just as addictive for them as it does for most humans. Now, orangutans are ready to start video chatting.
The orangutans in the zoo have reportedly enjoyed playing games like Doodle Buddy and Flick Flick Football, and one of the apes has even developed a fondness for the nature documentaries of David Attenborough. The iPads were provided by a charity called Orangutan Outreach, which would like to stress that no public money was spent on something that, yes, is more than a little frivolous. Charity spokesperson Richard Zimmerman explains why they are adding video chat apps like Skype and FaceTime into the mix:
"The orangutans loved seeing videos of themselves – so there is a little vanity going on – and they like seeing videos of the orangutans who are in the other end of the enclosure. So if we incorporate cameras, they can watch each other."
The hope is that the orangutans, when presented with another of their species on the iPad screen, will recognize this other ape as a potential conversation partner and start communicating. After chimps and gorillas, orangutans are our next closest relatives, and it's an intriguing question whether they're intelligent enough to work out that video chat is a form of communication. (Of course, judging by the brief success of Chatroulette, I'm not sure all humans managed to work that one out.) Orangutan Outreach is also hoping that the sight of orangutans playing with iPads in such a human-like way will engender some public support for the conservation of the highly endangered species. You can check out the video up top for more.
Via Extreme Tech.
Friday, January 9, 2015
Smokey images drift threw this song. Keeps me thinking.
Colors Of The Sun
Jackson Browne
Colors of the sun
Flashing on the water top
Echo on the land
Picking for a coin
Many other tiny worlds
Singing past my hand
Awake to understand
You are not dreaming
It is not seaming
Just to be this way
Dying men draw numbers in the air
Dream to conquer little bits of time
Scuffle with the crowd to get their share
And fall behind their little bits of time
Voices in the air
Sympathetic harmony
Coming from the trees
Hanging at my door
Many shiny surfaces
Clinging in the breeze
Oh, leave me where I am
I am not losing
If I am choosing
Not to plan my life
Disillusioned savior search the sky
Wanting just to show someone the way
Asking all the people passing by
Doesn't anybody want the way
I say goodbye to Joseph and Maria
They think, they see another sky
From my fallen window I still see them
I'll never free them from the sky
Flashing on the water top
Echo on the land
Picking for a coin
Many other tiny worlds
Singing past my hand
Awake to understand
You are not dreaming
It is not seaming
Just to be this way
Dying men draw numbers in the air
Dream to conquer little bits of time
Scuffle with the crowd to get their share
And fall behind their little bits of time
Voices in the air
Sympathetic harmony
Coming from the trees
Hanging at my door
Many shiny surfaces
Clinging in the breeze
Oh, leave me where I am
I am not losing
If I am choosing
Not to plan my life
Disillusioned savior search the sky
Wanting just to show someone the way
Asking all the people passing by
Doesn't anybody want the way
I say goodbye to Joseph and Maria
They think, they see another sky
From my fallen window I still see them
I'll never free them from the sky
Thursday, January 8, 2015
Started reading Never Coming Back by Tim Weaver last night. I haven't read any of his stuff before but on line reviews were all 5 star. I figured a good mystery would warm on a winters night. Here is Tim's opening three sentence paragraph.
"When the night came, it came fast. The sky yellowed, like a week-old bruise, and then the sun began its descent into the desert floor, dropping out of the clouds as if it were falling. The further it fell, the quicker the sky changed, until the sun was gone from view and all that remained was a smear of red cloud, like a bloodstain above the Mojave."
Needless to say, I was happy with my choice.
One third of the way in and I am still very pleased.
Opening lines set the table and should tempt hungry appetites.
Wednesday, January 7, 2015
Great example of show me don't tell me.......
From Kent Nerburn's
The Girl Who Sang To The Buffalo: A Child, an Elder, and the Light from a Ancient Sky
"The sun was going down in a blaze of orange by the time we set out for Odell's. It outlined the distant hills in the color of fire, then slowly spent itself as we proceeded down the lonely reservation highway. By the time we had been on the road for half an hour , the first tiny diamonds of starlight were beginning to pierce the twilight sky."
Tuesday, January 6, 2015
Stumbled across this article by Bryan Mattimore. Very clever idea.
The Creative Secret Sting Uses To Write New Songs
Semantic intuition is responsible for any number of creative works—including much of Sting's repertoire, the movie "The Princess Bride," and "The Odd Couple." Use this brainstorming technique to improve your creativity and power innovation.
By Bryan Mattimore
Does Sting have a creative secret for writing a hit new song? Is there a trick Neil Simon uses to get ideas for plays? How about a creative strategy screenwriter William Goldman (of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid fame) might use to find inspiration for a new novel or movie? Turns out they have all used a version of a group brainstorming technique known as "semantic intuition," the creative technique we use to help our Fortune 500 clients create their next breakthrough product or award-winning promotion.
The oddly named, but extraordinarily powerful technique was invented by Helmut Schlicksupp, an employee of the Battelle Corporation's office in Germany. Semantic intuition is a word-combination technique where brainstormers name an idea first, and then try to figure out what the new idea might be, given its name. As counterintuitive or even as impossible as this group idea-generating strategy might sound, there's actually a precedent for it in the creative arts.
It was in an interview with Larry King many years ago that Sting revealed that he will often get a title for a song first, and then he will go ahead and write the song. Neil Simon, in his second autobiography, revealed that he came up with the name for the play The Odd Couple first, and then wrote the play. And legendary screenwriter William Goldman adopted a similar name-it-first creative strategy when he asked his younger daughter what she wanted him to write a story about. She said "a Princess." Then he asked his older daughter what she would like him to write a story about. She said, "a bride." He put them together, and we got his novel—and then the movie—The Princess Bride.
Inventing Breakthrough New Products
So if you want to use this strategy to create a new product, or a promotional concept, or even a new social media idea, how might you do it? How might you name something when you have no idea what that thing is you're naming?
It's actually very simple. You generate lists of words—usually three lists of words (never more)—and then randomly combine words from these lists to create your "name." Let's say, for instance, you are trying to invent a new pen or "writing instrument." The three categories of words (or even phrases) you might generate are:
1) Features, functions or parts of a writing instrument
2) Verbs or actions associated with a writing instrument
3) Benefits of a writing instrument
So some of the writing instrument "features, functions, or parts" could be: a plastic shaft, an ink tube, retractable head, steerable, hold-able, sharable, promotional tool, brand-able, etc.
The "verbs or actions" could be: draw, record, sketch, trace, erase, colorize, outline, document, etc.
And finally, the "benefits of a writing instrument" could be: immediately capture thoughts, share a message, express things colorfully, show your style, doodle/keep your mind occupied, compose an essay, personalize a garment, etc.
Once you have these lists of words, then the fun starts. You randomly combine words from each of the three categories of words to create your new product "names" or "thought-starters." Here are a few examples:
"Retractable head, colorize, doodle/keep your mind occupied"
"Ink tube, outline, personalize a garment"
"Sharable, trace, immediately capture thoughts"
These thoughts-starters are designed to get you and your fellow brainstormers thinking differently. What they won't do is provide you with the answer.
If we take the thought starter: "sharable, trace, and immediately capture thoughts" and add some creativity and imagination, it might prompt an idea for "an electronic tracing pen." Huh?
The "electronic tracing pen" is a pen combined with a mini-camera, and a mini light projector. The way the electronic tracing pen might work is that you first take a picture of something you would like to draw. Then an electronic replica of this picture is transferred to a mini-projector on the pen. The mini-projector is detached from the pen, and placed on the surface of drawing paper. The mini-projector then projects the electronic replica image across the paper so it can be traced.
How did the "electronic tracing pen" idea emerge from the thought starting words "sharable, trace and immediately capture thoughts?" The word "trace" became the key thought starter of course, but the term "immediately capture thoughts" was important as well because it prompted the idea of a mini-camera on the pen. You could also make the case that "sharable" helped inspire the idea, because the traced image would certainly be sharable.
It's important to understand however, that the goal of this technique is NOT necessarily to use all three words to inspire a new idea. If you use only two words, or even just one word, that is fine. The ultimate goal is to get a great new idea, not be constrained by the words.
So that's the semantic intuition technique. Simple, right?
Creating Game-Changing Promotions
We have found that besides being a great technique for inventing new products, semantic intuition also works for creating new promotions. Let's say you want to create in-store/retail display ideas to promote a new suntan lotion. The three lists of words you might use to generate your thought starting "names" could be: 1) places in a store, 2) kinds of promotional appeals and 3) benefits of the product.
Places in the store might include: customer service, pharmacy, aisles, parking lot, flower shop, the photo department, etc.
Kinds of promotional appeals could be: shelf talkers, Buy-one/Get One, instantly redeemable coupons, gift with purchase, floor graphics or displays, etc.
Product benefits could be: look healthy, prevent skin cancer, avoid redness, moisturize the skin, non-greasy, easy-to-apply, etc.
One random combination of these words would be: "photo department, gift with purchase, and look healthy."
This thought-starter combination might inspire you to create "before and after" point of sale materials/posters for both the sun-care aisle and the photo-department of the retail store. The "before" pictures would show rather pale family members. The "after" pictures this same family with great, healthy-looking tans. This "before and after" promotion could then accomplish two goals: promoting sales of the manufacturer's sun tan lotion in the sun-care aisle; while at the same time advertising the retailer's high-margin photo-processing business—especially for families with multiple rolls of film they need processed when they return from their beach vacation.
Why is the Semantic Intuition technique one of our all-time favorite creative techniques? Well, for one, it's a lot of fun. More importantly though, it works! Just ask new-idea mentors Sting, Simon, and Goldman!
Monday, January 5, 2015
This snippet of Ron Rash's short story Return, would be a good starting block for a song idea.
He wonders how many times he has made this walk in his head the last two years. Six hundred, maybe more? All those nights he'd lain awake in his tent, bare chest covered with sweat as sporadic sniper fire and mortar rounds broke through the whir and drone of insects. Because he knew oceans had currents the same way creeks and rivers did, he'd imagine one drop of water making its way from his home in North Carolina to the green waters of the South Pacific. He would follow that drop of water back to its source—first across the Pacific and on through the Panama Canal, then across the Gulf of Mexico and up the Mississippi to the Ohio River, then the New River, then the New River's middle fork, and finally up Holder Branch. Sometimes he never made it all the way back. Somewhere between what his grandfather called the Boone toll road and his family's farmhouse he would fall asleep.
Sunday, January 4, 2015
Man, there are oceans of incredible tunes out there. I fell into this yesterday afternoon and can't get it out of my head. I give thanks the world is packed full of creative people.
Once In A Lifetime
David Byrne, Chris Frantz, Tina Weymouth, Jerry Harrison,
Brian Eno
And you may find yourself living in a shotgun shack
And you may find yourself in another part of the world
And you may find yourself behind the wheel of a large automobile
And you may find yourself in a beautiful house, with a beautiful wife
And you may ask yourself
Well...How did I get here?
Letting the days go by
Let the water hold me down
Letting the days go by
Water flowing underground
Into the blue again
After the money's gone
Once in a lifetime
Water flowing underground
And you may ask yourself
How do I work this?
And you may ask yourself
Where is that large automobile?
And you may tell yourself
This is not my beautiful house
And you may tell yourself
This is not my beautiful wife
Letting the days go by
Let the water hold me down
Letting the days go by
Water flowing underground
Into the blue again
After the money's gone
Once in a lifetime
Water flowing underground
Same as it ever was...
Same as it ever was...
Same as it ever was...
Same as it ever was...
Same as it ever was...
Same as it ever was...
Same as it ever was...
Same as it ever was...
Water dissolving...and water removing
There is water at the bottom of the ocean
Under the water, carry the water at the bottom of the ocean
Remove the water at the bottom of the ocean
Letting the days go by
Let the water hold me down
Letting the days go by
Water flowing underground
Into the blue again
Into the silent water
Under the rocks and stones
There is water underground
Letting the days go by
Let the water hold me down
Letting the days go by
Water flowing underground
Into the blue again
After the money's gone
Once in a lifetime
Water flowing underground
And you may ask yourself
What is that beautiful house?
And you may ask yourself
Where does that highway go to?
And you may ask yourself
Am I right?...Am I wrong?
And you may say to yourself
My God!...What have I done?!
Letting the days go by
Let the water hold me down
Letting the days go by
Water flowing underground
Into the blue again
Into the silent water
Under the rocks and stones
There is water underground
Letting the days go by
Let the water hold me down
Letting the days go by
Water flowing underground
Into the blue again
After the money's gone
Once in a lifetime
Water flowing underground
Same as it ever was...
Same as it ever was...
Same as it ever was...
Look where my hand was
Time isn't holding up
Time is an asterisk
Same as it ever was...
Same as it ever was...
Same as it ever was...
Same as it ever was...
Same as it ever was...
Same as it ever was...
Same as it ever was...
Yeah, the twister comes
Here comes the twister
Same as it ever was...
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text:
Brazilian Meals
13 Jan 2018 23:13
From cupcakes to casseroles, the StyleNest food team bring you the tastiest recipes each day. Golden Raisins: Pale in colour, these amber jewels are generally sold alongside the dark-coloured raisins described above, and even though they look diverse, they are truly from the really exact same variety. The distinction is in their strategy of drying. Golden raisins are treated with sulfur dioxide to avoid their skin from darkening and then dried with artificial heat. They tend to have a much more acidic taste and are specifically good in stir-fries and savoury dishes.We've all carried out it. Put a pot of some thing like rice on the stove, forgotten about it or did not turn the heat down, and presto! Your beautiful saucepan has a burnt layer on the bottom. This dish could be completed in the slow cooker, but I adore the way the oven produces dark, sticky bits, intensifies flavours and prevents the meat from going mushy. Adapted from Epicurious.Find Simple techniques to make quinoa a lot more scrumptious. You can do that by adding in a couple of ingredients. Here are two quick delicious hacks to quinoa - a single salty and one sweet. Stir thoroughly and cook for five minutes till chicken starts to brown.A number of pleasant hours later, I have 24 scones cooling on a rack, as cute as baked buttons (you can see a image of each of the results in this gallery ). The Sophie Grigson buttermilk scones have an virtually grainy appearance, while Marcus's and Rachel's are a deep golden colour, presumably thanks to the eggs in their recipes. Refusing to be distracted by frivolous specifics, I break out the tape measure. Towering magnificently above the rest (by a good couple of millimetres) are the scones of the fragrant Rachel Allen (bicarb and cream of tartar). Should you adored this information in addition to you want to get guidance relating to Brazilian cuisine kindly pay a visit to our website. Not far behind are Marcus Wareing's (self-raising flour and baking powder), followed by Sophie Grigson's (bicarb), and lastly, looking slightly stumpy, are the self-raising flour scones from Leiths There is only half a centimetre among these and the winners, but in scone terms, that makes them a failure.Focus, at 1st, on the 1-2 types of cuisine you want to cook the most. The globe of food is wide, diverse, and fascinating, but you can't tackle it all at after. Feel about what you really want to cook, and make an effort to "master" a particular variety of food - Italian, Indian, brunch, soups, and so forth. The excellent news is that most kitchen methods are universal, and will translate to any variety of food. Focusing on similar dishes now, however, lets you master the flavorings, tactics, and workflow with out worrying if it will taste very good. You will increase cooking stills while mastering 4-five recipes you are going to have for the rest of your life. Then you can expand.Place a huge frying pan on a medium heat. Trim the ends and hard outer leaves of the lemongrass stalks, bash up the stalks with the side of a knife, then place into a food processor with 1 fresh red chilli (stalk removed), two peeled cloves of garlic, 4 lime leaves, a bunch of coriander, two jarred red peppers, 1 heaped teaspoon of tomato purée, 1 tablespoon of fish sauce, two tablespoons of soy sauce and 1 teaspoon of sesame oil. Peel and add 2cm of fresh ginger. Blitz to a paste - you may need to quit and use a spatula to scrape down the sides so it all gets whizzed up.5 Skim off any fat from the surface of the tagine. Lessen the sauce if it seems thin. The tagine is prepared to serve but will reheat perfectly, so you can make it nowadays to serve the next day: the sauce will mature beautifully in the refrigerator overnight. Eat easy breakfasts and picnic lunches that you've produced your self and then consume your dinner out. That way you happen to be only doing the bare minimum of cooking, leaving plenty of time to enjoy your holiday. Heat the oil in a flame proof casserole. Add the beef and stir properly until browned all more than. Eliminate with a draining spoon and keep warm.Gravity, or density, is determined by the sugar content in an alcoholic liquid. The greater the sugar content, the higher the density. As a result, if you are having a difficult time determining a specific liquid's density, judge it by its sweetness when deciding which order to pour it in.We know sugary drinks are not good for us due to the fact they are higher in calories, and they never truly hydrate us all that effectively. Caffeinated beverages like soda and coffee can truly leave us far more dehydrated. Infused waters have been on the market for years, and quite usually what you find on store shelves contain additives and organic flavors." Effectively, I don't know what all-natural flavors they place in there, but I choose the natural ones I can choose from my fruit bowl.76 Hummus: Really one particular of the fantastic culinary inventions. Mix four parts nicely-cooked or canned chickpeas with one particular portion tahini, along with some of its oil, in a food processor. Add garlic, cumin or pimentón and purée, adding as a lot olive oil as necessary. Stir in lemon juice, salt and pepper to taste garnish with olive oil and pimentón.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
By Vikes Communications
February 23, 2013, Regina, Sask (ISN) – The University of Victoria Vikes women's basketball team were defeated 70-57 by the No.2-ranked Regina Cougars in Game 1 a best-of-three Canada West quarterfinal series at the Centre for Kinesiology, Health & Sport.
Lindsay Ledingham led the No. 2-ranked Cougars in both scoring and rebounding in the victory, ending up with 15 points and seven rebounds. Ledingham was one of five Cougars to score in double figures, as Danielle Schmidt added 13 points, Michelle Clark and Brittany Read both collected 12, and Megan Chamberlin came off the bench to score 10 points.
Fifth year Chelsea McMullen (Prince George, B.C.) had a team-high 11 points for the No. 10 Vikes squad, while fellow senior Debbie Yeboah (Winnipeg, MB) chipped in for 10. Yeboah also tallied seven rebounds, while Cassandra Goodis (Penticton, BC) added seven points and five rebounds. Rookie Jenna Bugiardini (Hamilton, ON) totalled nine points and six rebounds in her first playoff appearance.
Thoughout the game the Cougars led from wire to wire in the win, the game was tight for the entire first quarter and a large portion of the second. Regina led 19-17 after the first and the game's first significant run for either team didn't come until the very end of the second, as the Cougars went on an 8-0 run over the final 2:30 of the quarter to take a 13-point lead into halftime.
The teams essentially traded points for the entire second half, as the Cougars' biggest lead was 16 points and Victoria wasn't ever able to cut the deficit to single digits.
Game 2 will tip off on Saturday at 5 p.m. at the CKHS. A win by the Cougars gives them a series sweep and a berth in next weekend's Canada West Final Four, while a Victoria victory would force a third and deciding game (Sunday, 2 p.m.). All times listed are PST and the games will be broadcast live at http://canadawes.tv
NOTES: The Cougars improve their all-time postseason record against Victoria to 5-3.
REG: Lindsay Ledingham (15), Danielle Schmidt (13)
VIC: Chelsea McMullen (11), Debbie Yeboah (10)


text:
Cake is often the dessert of choice for meals at ceremonial occasions, particularly weddings, anniversaries, and birthdays. There are countless cake recipes; some are bread-like, some rich and elaborate and many are centuries old. In this chapter we talk about the raw materials needed to make a good cake and how to make it.
The definition of muffin here is the American muffin i.e. a small individual cakes baked in paper cups. An English muffin, which predates by far the American muffin, is a type of light bread leavened with yeast. The English muffin will be discussed in another chapter.
Cake flour
Soft wheat as the term indicates, is soft to the bite, low in protein, and starchy white when a cross section of a kernel of wheat is looked at. Conversely, the hard wheat is hard to the bite, high in protein, vitreous and glossy looking when examining a cross section of the kernel
Soft wheat flours are used in many products such as cakes, pastries, cookies, crackers, pretzels, ice cream cones, gravies, biscuits, batter and breading, and in industrial use as glue extenders.
Soft wheat flours are generally low in water absorption, do not require harsh mixing or long mixing time when working with a batter or a dough system. The resulting products possess qualities such as tenderness, softness, crispness, and good texture.
Cake flour is usually a short patent flour of low ash and protein content. In the USA the flour is often treated with chlorine to an optimum pH level for best cake bake performance. Patent flour is defined, in milling technology of soft as well as hard wheat, as highly refined flour which is extracted from the centre of the kernel of wheat. In the milling process, flour streams can be grouped together and fall into one of the following categories: very short, short, medium, long, and very long patent flour. Each one of these categories is only a certain percentage of the total flour produced. The shorter the patent, the more refined the flour will be. Going back to cake flour, a powdered bleaching agent is added to the flour for carotene colour removal or creamy colour removal, which is important if the flour is intended for white cake production. The bleaching agent can also be an enzyme. The following general specifications are typical for cake flour:
The first major type of cake is the white, yellow, spice, chocolate and devil's food, which may be baked in layer, loaf or sheet form, or as cup cakes. The second major type is the foam cake which depends primarily on the whipping capacity of eggs and the air incorporated therein for structure and volume. Usually foam cake or angel food cake flours are fancy short patent of fine granulation and contain slightly less ash and protein than flours used in the layer-type cakes.
I believe the pH is the most important factor in the cake flour specifications, and the moisture level becomes of great importance in the case of dried flours used in prepared mixes. The pH is critically important because without chlorinating cake flour to a certain pH level, the cake volume, as well as the external and internal cake characteristics, will suffer tremendously. The following basic cake formula is used by some cereal chemists since it is designed to test flour performance in high-ratio white layer cakes. The ingredient percentages are based on flour.
cake flour
granulated sugar
dried skimmed milk
dried egg whites
baking powder
Baking powder
The word "leavening" comes from the Latin word "levo" meaning "to rise" or "making light."
Generally, baked products become light by the expansion of carbon dioxide evolved within the dough or batter during the preparation stage and during baking. Carbon dioxide can be produced by either live yeast or by the reaction of an acid with sodium bicarbonate.
The resulting cellular structure in the baked product not only adds a pleasing appearance, but also contributes to texture, and aids digestion by extending the surface area to the action of enzymes in the digestive system.
The first known leavening, of course, was the action of yeast and it was known to the Egyptians as early as 2000 B.C. Mummified loaves of yeast-leavened bread were, in fact, found in early Egyptian tombs as well as in the Roman ruins of Pompeii.
Late in the 18th century, chemical leavening first made its appearance when sodium bicarbonate was recognized as a source of carbon dioxide which could be released by the action of an acid. The lactic acid in sour milk or buttermilk serves this purpose very well and there is some evidence that sodium bicarbonate was used along with sour milk in baking as early as the Renaissance period.
The use of chemicals to leaven or raise baked products was proposed over a century ago by Liebig, a German chemist.
The first record of a chemical leavening dates back to about 1835, when cream of tartar (potassium hydrogen tartrate or potassium tartrate, (KHC4H4O6), obtained from the lees and argots of wine during the wine making process, was used in combination with bicarbonate of sodium bicarbonate for leavening cakes. Cream of tartar is a convenient acid in solid form, and when mixed with sodium bicarbonate, is relatively stable when kept dry.
Early experimentation with cream of tartar and sodium bicarbonate indicated that two parts of cream of tartar to one part of sodium bicarbonate made the best combination for releasing the desired amount of carbon dioxide. The first commercial baking powder, based on these two ingredients, was marketed in 1850.
Later, corn starch was added as an inert vehicle to carry the active agents and to disperse them to prevent the premature release of gas in the package.
At about this time, 1856, Eben Horsford received a patent on a new baking powder derived from monocalcium phosphate (calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O. This baking powder was based on a mixture of rather impure phosphates and sodium bicarbonate.
In 1885, sodium aluminium sulphate was used as an acid component for a baking powder. However, its reaction with sodium bicarbonate was very slow, making it unsatisfactory as a single-acting system. About 15 years later, the slow acting sodium aluminium sulphate was combined with the faster acting monocalcium phosphate to yield the first double-acting baking powder. Several such commercial baking powders are still being marketed today.
The next major advance in leavenings occurred about 1902, when a German chemist over-dried a batch of mono-sodium phosphate and found he had produced sodium acid pyrophosphate. This material was found to be an excellent leavening agent. Initially, its after-taste and slow rate of reaction in cakes precluded its use as a household baking product. Later, technological developments overcame this fault and several types are now made for use in the baking industry.
As I indicated earlier, the mechanism of chemical leavening occurs when carbon dioxide is produced by the reaction between an acid and sodium bicarbonate (sodium bicarbonate) when they are dissolved in water. The fundamental reaction, that of neutralizing a basic material with an acidic material, is measured by what is sometimes called its "neutralizing value" or "neutralizing strength." This value has been defined as the parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate that 100 parts by weight of an acid leavener will neutralize, i.e., convert to carbon dioxide gas.
Typical neutralizing values for the most common food leavening agents can be seen in the following table. To calculate the amount of leavening acid required to neutralize a known amount of sodium bicarbonate, we substitute these values into the following formula:
Amount of acid = (amount of sodium bicarbonate x 100)/neutralising value
Neutralising value
Grams of acid to
Final pH of baked goods
Monocalcium Phosphate Monohydrate (MCP)
7.1 to 7.3
Monocalcium Phosphate Anhydrous (AMCP)
7.3 to 7.5
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP)
7.7 to 8.3
Sodium Aluminium Phosphate (SALP)
7.2 to 7.4
Sodium Aluminium Sulphate (SAS)
7.3 to 7.6
Potassium Acid Tartrate
7.2 to 7.5
Glucono-delta-lactone (GDL)
Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate (DCP)
A few baked products are improved by a slightly alkaline or slightly acid final pH. For example, chocolate cakes may be made alkaline with formulations containing additional amounts of sodium bicarbonate to give a pleasing, dark mahogany coloured cake crumb. Similarly, the crumb colour in white cakes may be improved by slight increases in the acid component of a balanced leavener during production.
By the way, an excellent source for the acid component is buttermilk (fresh or powder). It adds flavour to the product and doesn't have an E-number.
Leavening rate of reaction
Normally, sodium bicarbonate will dissolve almost immediately when water is added and, thus, the rates of dissolution of the acid component of a leavener will determine the rate of reaction of a particular leavener. Leaveners are, therefore, characterized by this rate of reaction and are formulated to take this reaction rate in account.
In order to determine the rate of reaction of a particular acid leavener, a simple dry biscuit mix or cake batter mix is placed in a closed system. The vessel is attached to a device that measures the gas evolved by means of either volume or pressure increases. Water is added and stirring is initiated. The amount of gas evolved is determined.
The amount of carbon dioxide evolved is converted to a percentage of the total sodium bicarbonate present and this is plotted against time. The information thus obtained provides a convenient tool for comparing the reactivity of different leavening acids.
Note that the sodium bicarbonate reacts quickly with the acids in the flour and milk, even when no leavening acids are present, evolving about 25 percent of the total potential carbon dioxide.
The particle size of both the sodium bicarbonate and the acid leavener will influence the rate of reaction. In general, the coarser the granulation of the sodium bicarbonate, the slower it will react. Therefore, tailoring the particle size of commercial baking powder is required for optimum performance.
Potassium acid tartrate or cream of tartar, reacts very fast, probably too fast for modern baking methods. Nearly all of the carbon dioxide is liberated during mixing of the batter or dough, leaving only the entrapped gas and air for expansion in the oven. Its high cost coupled with its low efficiency has led to its replacement.
Monocalcium phosphate monohydrate is also sometimes too fast to be used alone, but it is used in combination with slower acting leavening acids to give the "so-called" double-acting baking powder. In production, this quick reaction rate gives initial nucleation which increases the viscosity of the batter and lowers its density so that proper pan fill can be achieved.
Coated, anhydrous monocalcium phosphate is slightly slower in reaction rate than monocalcium phosphate monohydrate and, because of this, can be used in single-acting baking powders for home use where there is little delay between preparation time and introduction into the oven.
Sodium acid pyrophosphates (SAPP) exhibit a wide range of reactivity. In the presence of calcium salts from milk or other ingredients, these acids are time-temperature triggered. Under constant baking preparation conditions, each grade of SAPP has a characteristic time at which it will start to dissolve and release most of the available carbon dioxide. The rate of reaction is also influenced by temperature. As the temperature is increased, the rate of activity is increased. Cake doughnuts require this type of reactivity and sodium acid pyrophosphates are generally the only acids used to leaven them.
Many commercial baking powders today contain sodium acid pyrophosphate as one of the acid components. Monocalcium phosphate monohydrate is generally used in conjunction with SAPP to provide a double-acting system.
Another area in which sodium acid pyrophosphates are used in large quantities is refrigerated doughs. Here a relatively slow SAPP is employed as the acid leavener. Biscuit doughs are mixed cold (about 15°C) and the doughs are sheeted quickly and cut into small disc-shaped pieces. These are packed into foil-lined cans, sealed, and proofed at relatively high temperatures (60° to 65°C) until the dough expands against the sidewalls of the can. After proofing, the canned biscuits are cooled to below 15°C prior to shipping. Refrigerated dough products are generally produced in plants requiring dairy-level sanitation to obtain products having low levels of spoilage organisms.
Sodium aluminium sulphate gives little leavening reaction until heated and, therefore, is generally combined with faster acting leavening acids such as monocalcium phosphate monohydrate to provide a satisfactory baking powder combination for cakes. Some of the better known retail baking powders still use this combination of baking acids.
Glucono-delta-lactone reacts slowly but continuously with sodium bicarbonate. It is quite expensive, but has found limited use in cake doughnuts and "instant breads."
Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate is very slow acting and is triggered too late in the baking cycle (generally 60° to 65°C), for most baked products. It has been used for specially formulated frozen cake batters.
Sodium aluminium phosphate is primarily triggered by temperature. The reaction is too slow to give maximum oven spring in some baked products. However, it is used widely with monocalcium phosphate monohydrate in double-acting baking powders. It yields a baked product free of leavening after-taste and, because of this, finds broad use in many present-day baked products. Many of today's commercial cake mixes use sodium aluminium phosphate as one of their leavening acids.
In cake formulations, considerable variation exists in sodium bicarbonate levels, acid combinations and level, and in the type of inert diluting materials such as starch and calcium salts.
Each leavening combination has been developed to do a specific job and is sold at a competitive cost. Most commercial baking powders are made in modern, automated plants where great care is taken in blending, mixing and packaging. There are rigid specifications for purity, particle size and moisture control. The baking powder is usually packed in airtight cans or poly-lined, multi-walled bags for protection against moisture.
Sugar is mainly used as a tenderiser in cakes because of the softening effect it has on the protein of the flour. Obviously it is also used for sweetness, moisture retention and crust colour. Increasing the sugar level in the recipe will raise the gelatinisation temperature of the starch and as a result the expansion time will increase. Granulated sugar will help to incorporate air into the batter. Sugar is also hygroscopic and will help with the shelf life extension (both in terms of softness and microbiological).
There are many types of sugar of course: dextrose, muscovado sugar, invert sugar, corn syrup, molasses etc. Muscovado sugar or "Barbados sugar" or "moist sugar", muscovado is very dark brown and slightly coarser and stickier than most brown sugars. Muscovado takes its flavour and colour from its source, sugar-cane juice. It offers good resistance to high temperatures and has a reasonably long shelf life. It is commonly used in baking recipes and making rum. Muscovado sugar can be used in most recipes where brown sugar is called for, by slightly reducing the liquid content of the recipe. Muscovado sugar has 11 calories per 4 grams. When produced under regulated conditions, it is nutritionally richer than other brown sugars or refined sugar, and retains most of the natural minerals inherent in sugar-cane juice.
These different sugars are used either for the particular flavour they impart to the cake or as moisture retaining agents. Glucose syrup for instance can be used to replace partially the vegetable oil in muffins.
Sugars tend to make the batter softer and thinner. It is also important to remember that these various sugars have a different level of sweetness as granulated sugar as can be seen from the following table. It is custom to give a value of 100 to sucrose (25 parts of sucrose in 100 parts of water).
|type of sugar
|relative sweetness
|type of sugar
|relative sweetness
|high fructose corn syrup
100 - 160
|high fructose corn syrup 42 %
70 - 80
30 - 50
|invert sugar
50 - 70


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Utility Connections
Connect into Existing or New Sewer or Water Line
Water and sewer capacity and connection fees are collected for any new connection to the county's water and/or sewer system.
- These fees represent a new connection's proportionate share of the costs of providing facility capacity to serve new connections;
- and produce revenues not in excess of those required to provide water and wastewater system facilities in order to serve the additional demands and needs on the system.
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We had such a great turn out last weekend and an overwhelming interest so we decided to do it one more time before the indoor track closes for the season.
You are welcome to bring your kids to this ride session and let them roll around the track with you.
Location Pin: https://goo.gl/maps/UhfKEa2GaxB2
Event Cost: $5.00 per rider
Track Description: The indoor BMX track is located inside the South Jordan Equestrian Building. The track is typically 900 ft long which includes table top jumps, rollers and berms. These obstacles can be rolled over or used to work your jumping skills. This is a great opportunity to get back on your bike and brush up on your skills.
Equipment: Any mountain bike, dirt jumper or BMX bike can be used to ride the track. I would suggest wearing safety gear such as knee and elbow pads, long sleeve shirt, long pants or shorts w/ knee pads. Flat pedals are recommended but not required. Please be sure to bring a helmet either MTB or full face.
If you totally fall in love with the thrill of riding around the track there will be races that night. So gather all your girlfriends for a great day on bikes!
*** Please fill out a liability waiver at the table when entering the buildiing


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