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Image 69 of 179
OLD GLORY.First Sgt. Kent Fuller from the 332nd Expeditionary Maintenance Squadron at an undisclosed air base in the middle east, waves his "retirement Flag" at departing aircraft headed for Iraq. He is from the 31st Fighter Squadron in Aviano, Italy. He got his deployment orders and his retirment orders on the same day so he got this flag to cheer on the pilots during his final deployment.
- Copyright
- ©Alan Lessig/Gannett/Army Times Publishing Co
- Image Size
- 1876x2500 / 927.8KB


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Relationships Chemistry Secrets
On this side, you've got passion. There are psychological, physical and emotional signs of having good chemistry with a different individual. Then it takes a growing number of chemistry to bring that distinctive feeling of love.
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subset: commoncrawl


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The Community of Practice for Sustainable Urban Development Connective Cities offers a study tour on "Circular Waste Management" for delegates from Turkish municipalities in the frame of the "Municipal know-how for host communities in the Middle East Programme" from 22nd to 27th November 2017.
The program comprises key-notes and field visits in North Rhine-Westphalia (22 – 24 November 2017) and Hamburg (27 November 2017) and offers an opportunity to the delegates to discuss various dimensions of solid waste management with experts. The study tour is geared towards practice oriented transfer of knowledge with the aid of German practical examples, support of the development of new project ideas, networking of Turkish and German experts as well as networking.
Following directly afterwards, the Connective Cities Dialogue Event about 'Climate protection through circular waste management' in Hamburg will take place (27 – 29 November 2017) with further German and international experts. Experiences made on the study tour will be fed into the subsequent workshop and newly developed ideas will be concretised in the discussions.
If you have any queries about it, we encourage you to contact us.
Benjamin Jeromin, benjamin.jeromin(at)engagement-global.de , +49 (0)228-20717633
Alexander Wagner, alexander.wagner(at)engagement-global.de , +49 (0)228-20717455


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November 20, 2019
Emma Cooke
There are some things you need to know about me before I start telling you all about my MoRunner 10k experience.
I am not what you would call a 'natural' runner. I go through phases with running, sometimes I love it, sometimes I hate it. It has never been something I found easy. I distinctly remember truly hating cross country and anything running related at school.
That being s...
November 1, 2019
Pepsi (Gatorade) have gifted me (this product), but all views are my own.
I have only ever done one 10k before about 5 years ago, at the time I was running fairly consistently with a friend of mine which helped keep me on track. Since then my running has been sporadic at best. I decided this year I wanted something to challenge me physically outside of the gym which is why when...
September 24, 2019
For anybody who's followed me for a while you'll know that I don't say an awful lot about weight loss. I genuinely believe that exercise and good nutrition is about living a healthy and happy life and not about getting into smaller clothes or weighing less.
Most people, however, are still desperately looking for the best way to lose weight. I am not completely exempt from this.
September 16, 2019
Most of us at one time or another have tried to and catastrophically failed at getting into shape. It seems that all of us have a fitness and diet related horror story to tell.
Thanks to marketing agencies around the world we are constantly striving to be in the best shape ever. We're parting with our money all over the place to find the quick fix and ultimate thing that will g...
September 9, 2019
Are you frustrated that all your hard work and effort doesn't seem to be paying off at the gym?
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September 3, 2019
"I don't enjoy exercise, I never have"
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A few years ago, up until I qualified as a personal trainer, this was me. I had never genuinely enjoyed exercising when I was growing up. At school I did anything and everything possible to avoid exercise and spent more of my PE lessons chatting and feeling anxious about getting changed in front of everyone.
When I speak to c...


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TINKER, AFB – The U.S. Navy Blue Angels will headline Tinker Air Force Base's 2019 Star Spangled Salute Air and Space Show this year, officials announced Tuesday afternoon.
According to Tinker officials, the Blue Angels haven't performed at Tinker since 2007. The show is set to take place June 1 and 2.
The event is open to the public and admission is FREE. No tickets are required.
Gates open 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Flying acts from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. daily. Statics and vendors available from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily.
Other aerial performers will include an F-16 Viper, B-2 Spirit, Wings of Blue, Jack Links, Jelly Belly, MiG-17F plus many more.
Guests can also enjoy military static displays, live musical entertainment, many children's activities and other activities.
The U.S. Navy Blue Angels fly in formation during a demonstration. The Blue Angels will appear June 1-2 at the Tinker Air Force Base Stars Spangled Salute Air Show. [PHOTO PROVIDED]


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Mask pack
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Tag Archives for #FantaForTheFunny
What's Buzzing: Platform Updates, The Evolving Role of Influencers & More
By Colin Croughan | Published September 5, 2014
This week signaled a record-setting moment for Vine as the application rolled out an updated version which gives users considerably more creative freedom. In other news, Foursquare visited the 360i office to demo "the new Foursquare" and supplementary app Swarm. Read on for more news from this week. Vine Introduces New Camera Over the past […]
Posted in Social Media | Also tagged Fanta, foursquare, Hanes, Hyperlapse, instagram, Meagan Cignoli, Snapchat, Swarm, twitter, Vine, X-Temp Comments Off on What's Buzzing: Platform Updates, The Evolving Role of Influencers & More
What's Buzzing: Oreo Mini Delivery, Shark Week & More
By Masha Murakhovsky | Published August 15, 2014
This was an exciting week for the books, as people across the nation were challenged to partake in the "Ice Bucket Challenge," and Discovery Channel's Shark Week commenced. 360i client, Oreo, also encouraged fans to celebrate and thank the special people in their lives for the little things they do, and 360i client, Fanta, encouraged teens […]
Posted in Social Media | Also tagged ALS, Facebook, Fan Gating, Fanta, Ice Bucket Challenge, oreo, Oreo Mini, OreoMiniDelivery, Shark Week, Travelocity Comments Off on What's Buzzing: Oreo Mini Delivery, Shark Week & More


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You might be thinking, I've got to select a freight forwarder but do I go with a large global conglomerate freight forwarder or a smaller freight forwarder specialised in my local market and trade lanes? Well, the answer is contained within this blog post.
If you haven't read our previous blog post in this series, When NOT To Use A Freight Forwarder, be sure to read that one before you go on. We also have a post dedicated to the factors you should consider when researching about different freight forwarders, here.
Large freight forwarders
The large global conglomerates have global networks that is crucial to their international presence in multiple markets. As such, if you are also a large company, who has well and truly exhausted your local market, large freight forwarders will be able to expand your reach globally using their own logistics spider webs. Even though the international capabilities of large freight forwarders are unmistakeable, two things you must note as a business when approaching these types of freight forwarders.
Number one is price. Most often they are able to offload some excess container space/slots to secondary businesses at a great price, however, they may not be as cheap as you think. After all, freight forwarding is a secondary business to these global powerhouses. Look elsewhere and find comparable rates to see if you're really getting your money's worth.
Number two, which is the most important concern, is service. Often, large freight forwarders are unable to dedicate much time and effort to your account. They rely largely on automation in order to achieve economies of scale, therefore you may not receive the personalised service that smaller freight forwarders can offer. To regular importers/exporters, freight forwarding is often not a one-off project. It is a relationship, and having one with your freight forwarder is important in making sure your supply chain is well taken care of.
Small freight forwarders
Small freight forwarders are local; they have a good extent of networks, and have specialised knowledge in areas of their own expertise, whether it is procurement, customs brokering, or freight forwarding. Small freight forwarders also have a much smaller team compared to large corporate counterparts, and operate on a needs basis for customers, tailoring solutions for each client.
Small freight forwarders are great if you are just starting out on imports/exports and would like someone to walk you through the process, and help you with expanding your reach. They are also more superior in the extent of customer care and time and effort spent on each client, compared to large freight forwarders. They can also solve problems on the ground quickly, depending on the level of visibility, communication, and network contacts, three factors crucial to the level of service of any freight forwarder.
However, small freight forwarders may or may not be able to handle your volume, if you are shipping tons and tons of goods every day. Freight forwarders have reserved wholesale prices and spaces (from the shipping lines/airlines) for their own clients, so it's best to talk to them when you do have a high volume requirement.
Again, because they are local, smaller freight forwarders, you may see differences in price compared to large freight forwarders. My best advice is, pick what is the most important to you, whether it is price, or service, and choose a freight forwarder that can match these requirements in a professional, relationship-focused manner. Do your research, and compare the pros and cons of each freight forwarder in detail before you decide on one.
Whale Logistics leads the way
While Whale is still a young company, we are a leader in the space of automation, technology-driven freight forwarding and agile supply chain management. We believe in giving customers power to change their supply chain by giving them the power to oversee their operations from A to Z. Our Vision Technologies (mainly Vision Supply Chain Manager) does just this - although this software has not yet been officially released, we encourage you to contact one of our Customer Success Manager and try it out today.
If you enjoyed this blog post (part of the Freight Forwarding Basics series), more can be found here. Read our other blog poststo see what we're up to in the company as well as updates on freight rates, trends, and tips. You can also subscribe to our newsletter to get these posts delivered to your mailbox every week.
Whale Logistics are Australia's leading Freight Forwarder and Logistics company located in Sydney and Melbourne. We deliver digital-focused freight forwarding services such as Australian customs parcel tracking, parcel delivery box, and comprehensive ocean, air and road freight solutions. For cost competitive and innovative freight forwarding solutions, or if you want to get in touch with one of our Customer Success Managers, drop us a line and we will be in touch shortly.


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MEMBER for Lockyer Ian Rickuss has questioned the State Government's policy for placing sex offenders following a convicted pedophile's brief placement to a property near Harrisville.
In a speech to State Parliament last night Mr Rickuss said the decision to place paedophile Mark Anthony Foy in the Scenic Rim town of Harrisville was an "inappropriate, stupid decision."
Mr Rickuss said Foy was a "repeat offender" who was a "high risk" of re-offending.
"In 2001 Foy underwent a sex offenders program...The co-ordinator deemed there was still a high risk of Foy re-offending," Mr Rickuss said.
"So after the expert information - what does the Corrective Services Minister do with Mr Foy?
"He imposes him on one of the smallest communities in south east Queensland - the small community of Harrisville."
Mr Rickuss said the Foy's employers during his Harrisville stay were unaware of his crimes.
"Even the resident who's house Foy was living in and the people he was doing casual work for did not know what a creep Foy was."
However Corrective Services acting commissioner Marlene Morison said Foy's employers were aware of his crimes.
"She was made aware of the details of the offences and the ages of the victims," she said.
"She stated that she was unsure of whether she wanted to take responsibility for housing a 'paedophile' and stated that she would need to reconsider her offer.
"The woman contacted Wacol staff the following day on 19 August, 2011, and advised she had spoken with her husband, and they decided to give offender Foy a chance at residing on their farm and working for them."
Ms Morison said Foy had been located an appropriate distance from facilities where children would be present.
"The property was set on acreage approximately 3.5 kilometres from the centre of Harrisville, 2.3 km from the nearest Primary School.
"The closest parks were 5.9km and 6.6km from the property. The closest licenses premises was 2.6km from the property and the closest shopping centre was... 20.5km from the residence."


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A mixed method by combining a Eigen algorithm and improved pade approximations is proposed for reducing the order of the large-scale dynamic systems. The most dominant Eigen value of both original and reduced order systems remain same in this method. The proposed method guarantees stability of the reduced model if the original high-order system is stable and is comparable in quality with the other well known existing order reduction methods. The superiority of the proposed method is shown through examples taken from the literature.
A mixed method by combining modified pole clustering technique and modified cauer continued fraction is proposed for reducing the order of the large-scale dynamic systems. The denominator polynomial of the reduced order model is obtained by using modified pole clustering technique while the coefficients of the numerator are obtained by modified cauer continued fraction. This method generated 'k' number of reduced order models for kth order reduction. The superiority of the proposed method has been elaborated through numerical example taken from the literature and compared with few existing order reduction methods.
Heat pipe is characterised as superconductor of heat because of its excellent heat removal ability. The operation of several engineering system results in generation of heat. This may cause several overheating problems and lead to failure of the systems. To overcome this problem and to achieve desired rate of heat dissipation, there is need to study the performance of heat pipe with annular fins under free convection at different inclinations. This study demonstrates the effect of different mass flow rate of hot fluid into evaporator section on the condenser side heat transfer coefficient with annular fins under natural convection at different inclinations. In this study annular fins are used for the experimental work having dimensions of length of fin, thickness of fin and spacing of fin as 10 mm, 1 mm and 6 mm, respectively. The main aim of present study is to discover at what inclination angles the maximum heat transfer coefficient shall be achieved. The heat transfer coefficient on the external surface of heat pipe condenser section is determined by experimental method and then predicted by empirical correlations. The results obtained from experimental and Churchill and Chu relation for laminar are in fair agreement with not more than 22% deviation. It is elucidated the maximum heat transfer coefficient of 31.2 W/(m2-K) at 25˚ tilt angle and minimal condenser heat transfer coefficient of 26.4 W/(m2-K) is seen at 45˚ tilt angle and 200 ml/min mass flow rate. Inclination angle also affects the thermal performance of heat pipe. Beyond 25o inclination, heat transport rate starts to decrease.


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For sale is a near mint condition 40mm stainless steel Drive de Cartier. The WSNM0004 comes with inner red Cartier box and international warranty card. Originally purchased in early 2019, still has year and change of factory warranty remaining. The Drive has a silver dial with inner sunburst guilloche, flat silver outer ring with bold Roman numeral hour indicators, date at 3, and a small second hand at 6 with circular graining. Mounted on black crocodile with OEM steel deployment buckle, only the inside of the strap has any sing of previous wear. The Cartier has a high polished case, with brushed edges, and an open case back proudly displaying the in house 1904 automatic movement.
Shall deliver with remainder of factory warranty for $4,275.
All timepieces come with a 7 day no questions asked return period- will issue 100% refund as long as the timepiece is returned in the same condition in which it was shipped out.


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White 2 person tarp at a great price.
Choose white from the drop down menu.
White 2 person tarp at a great price.
Choose white from the drop down menu.
Filed under flattarp, oware tarps, Sales and 2nds
Three straps are included with the pyramid tarps. With these you can make a long pole for setting up a pyramid tarp using two trekking or ski poles. Using adjustable trekking poles makes the tarp pole adjustable too.
Filed under alphamid, Do It Yourself, pyramid tarp, Tips for the Backcountry
Usually the first part of a zipper to wear out is the slider. The metal wears away over time and no longer pushes the zipper teeth together. Replacing the slider is often a simple matter and takes only a blade or seam ripper and a needle and thread. If you have an Oware product with a worn out slider, contact me and I will send you a new slider for free. Here is a couple of videos on replacing a slider on a bug bivy.
Zip slider replacement a part 2
"What? You don't save the plastic lids from bottles & jars? What were you thinking? Check the recycling. Now. How else to carry a few vitamins, or cough drops or whatever, without a whole lot of bulk or the risk that the tinfoil will open in your pocket?"
Filed under Do It Yourself, Tips for the Backcountry
First I have seen of this color in the silnylons.
Here it is with some other current fabric colors that will be made into tarps and other shelters.
Filed under backpacking tarps, Fabric, Oware Backpacking Gear, oware tarps
Filed under backpacking tarps, cat tarp, Oware Backpacking Gear, oware tarps
Available in Grey with Black Noseeum Netting.
Quantity pricing available for schools etc.
Easy exit and entry,Especially good used in a pyramid tent.
Keeps all your sleeping gear contained.
Roomy enough for 24″ wide pads.
Girth at the center body of 74″ so thick inflatable pads may be used.
Bathtub floor.
Number 3 zipper.
Filed under bivysack, Oware Backpacking Gear


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Sexual Perversions, — pp Cite as. Footbinding became the most sexualized objectification of women in Chinese history, while creating a distinct aversion in Western observers. Despite much prurient attention to Indian and Arab women in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, western travellers simply did not see Chinese women as erotic. Schwere jungs online dating.
- Once tiny feet and daintily decorated shoes became the focal point of a...
- Inside The Disturbing Practice Of Chinese Foot Binding
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- Foot Binding: Lotus Shoes and Foot Fetishes - How Foot Binding Worked | HowStuffWorks
- Reasons behind Chinese foot binding had a lot to do with sex | Metro News
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|Cnidocyte discharge is regulated by light and opsin-mediated phototransduction.
|Jump to Full Text
MedLine Citation:
|PMID: 22390726 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE
|BACKGROUND: Cnidocytes, the eponymous cell type of the Cnidaria, facilitate both sensory and secretory functions and are among the most complex animal cell types known. In addition to their structural complexity, cnidocytes display complex sensory attributes, integrating both chemical and mechanical cues from the environment into their discharge behavior. Despite more than a century of work aimed at understanding the sensory biology of cnidocytes, the specific sensory receptor genes that regulate their function remain unknown.
RESULTS: Here we report that light also regulates cnidocyte function. We show that non-cnidocyte neurons located in battery complexes of the freshwater polyp Hydra magnipapillata specifically express opsin, cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channel and arrestin, which are all known components of bilaterian phototransduction cascades. We infer from behavioral trials that different light intensities elicit significant effects on cnidocyte discharge propensity. Harpoon-like stenotele cnidocytes show a pronounced diminution of discharge behavior under bright light conditions as compared to dim light. Further, we show that suppression of firing by bright light is ablated by cis-diltiazem, a specific inhibitor of CNG ion channels.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results implicate an ancient opsin-mediated phototransduction pathway and a previously unknown layer of sensory complexity in the control of cnidocyte discharge. These findings also suggest a molecular mechanism for the regulation of other cnidarian behaviors that involve both photosensitivity and cnidocyte function, including diurnal feeding repertoires and/or substrate-based locomotion. More broadly, our findings highlight one novel, non-visual function for opsin-mediated phototransduction in a cnidarian, the origins of which might have preceded the evolution of cnidarian eyes.
|David C Plachetzki; Caitlin R Fong; Todd H Oakley
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Publication Detail:
|Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Date: 2012-03-05
Journal Detail:
|Title: BMC biology Volume: 10 ISSN: 1741-7007 ISO Abbreviation: BMC Biol. Publication Date: 2012
Date Detail:
|Created Date: 2012-04-19 Completed Date: 2012-07-27 Revised Date: 2013-06-26
Medline Journal Info:
|Nlm Unique ID: 101190720 Medline TA: BMC Biol Country: England
Other Details:
|Languages: eng Pagination: 17 Citation Subset: IM
|Center for Population Biology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. firstname.lastname@example.com
Export Citation:
|APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex
|MeSH Terms
Calcium Channel Blockers / pharmacology
Diltiazem / pharmacology
Gene Expression Profiling
Hydra / cytology*, drug effects, physiology*
Light Signal Transduction / physiology*
Neurons / metabolism
Opsins / genetics, metabolism*
|Grant Support
|//Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Reg. No./Substance:
|0/Calcium Channel Blockers; 0/Opsins; 42399-41-7/Diltiazem
Comment In:
BMC Biol. 2012;10:22
BMC Biol. 2012;10:18 [PMID: 22390773 ]
|Full Text
Journal Information
Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Biol
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Biol
Publisher: BioMed Central
Article Information
Download PDF
Copyright ©2012 Plachetzki et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Received Day: 18 Month: 11 Year: 2011
Accepted Day: 5 Month: 3 Year: 2012
collection publication date: Year: 2012
Electronic publication date: Day: 5 Month: 3 Year: 2012
Volume: 10First Page: 17 Last Page: 17
Publisher Id: 1741-7007-10-17
PubMed Id: 22390726
|Cnidocyte discharge is regulated by light and opsin-mediated phototransduction
|David C Plachetzki1
|Email: email@example.com
|Caitlin R Fong2
|Email: email@example.com
|Todd H Oakley2
|Email: email@example.com
1Center for Population Biology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis CA, 95616, USA
2Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara CA, 93106, USA
Animal sensory systems provide a useful model for understanding the origins and evolution of complex traits. Of particular interest are questions regarding (1) the ancestral composition of sensory signaling pathways, and (2) the ancestral function of such pathways. While a detailed understanding of the signaling pathways and cell types that function in the diversity of animal sensory systems is becoming increasingly common, most work in sensory molecular biology has been confined to an exceedingly small taxonomic sample of model bilaterian species. In order to gain insights into the evolutionary origins and ancestral functions of bilaterian sensory systems we must focus our attention on taxa such as the Cnidaria that represent an evolutionary sister group to bilaterians.
Perhaps the best understood animal sensory modality is photosensitivity. All known examples of visual perception in animals are accomplished, at the physiological level, by an opsin-mediated phototransduction cascade [1]. Animal phototransduction is a canonical G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway that results universally in a shift in the electro-chemical potential of photoreceptor neurons by the opening or closing of an ion channel [2,3]. Recent analyses of animal opsin phylogeny place the origin of animal phototransduction at the last common ancestor of the Cnidaria and Bilateria [4-6]. Numerous opsins are present in the two cnidarian genomes sequenced to date, Hydra magnipapillata and Nematostella vectensis, but paradoxically both of these taxa lack eyes or ocelli and are known to possess only dispersed, dermal photosensitivity [7-9]. The cnidarian phototransduction cascade is similar to the vertebrate 'ciliary' mode of phototransduction in that it utilizes a cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) ion channel and other components of the vertebrate visual cycle [10-12]. Arrestins, which act to quench phototransduction by binding activated opsin [13] are another common feature of bilaterian phototransduction pathways [14-16], but their involvement in cnidarian phototransduction systems has yet to be examined.
How is opsin-mediated phototransduction utilized in these eyeless cnidarian taxa? Cnidocytes and other cnidarian sensory neurons may provide some clues to this question. Cnidocytes are found only in the Cnidaria and are among the most complex cell types known in animals [17,18]. When properly stimulated, cnidocytes eject elaborate, energetically expensive, single-use, secretion products called cnidae that function in a range of organismal phenotypes including defense, prey capture, structure, and locomotion [18,19]. In hydrozoans, both cnidocytes and sensory neurons are found in specialized cellular consortiums called battery complexes [20] (Figure 1A). Such battery complexes consist of sets of functionally integrated cnidocytes that share common synaptic connections with both closely apposed sensory neurons and ganglion cells [21] (Figure 1A). Current evidence suggests that the cellular architecture of the hydrozoan battery complex functions to integrate sensory cues from the environment into the precise regulation of cnidocyte discharge [22-25].
While the genes that underlie the unique morphological and functional features of cnidocytes have been the focus of much enquiry [26-28], less attention has been aimed at the genetic bases for the complex sensory repertoires that regulate their function. Both chemical and mechanical sensory modalities have been shown to contribute to the regulation of cnidocyte discharge [24,29], but to date no sensory receptor gene has been linked to any of these behaviors in Cnidaria.
In addition to chemosensory and mechanosensory behaviors, cnidarians are known to display a range of photobehaviors that include diurnal migration [30], phototaxis [31], and contraction responses to light [7,32]. Because these behaviors are often associated with feeding or defense, two activities that involve cnidocytes, we hypothesized that light information from the environment might also play a role in regulating cnidocyte function. Here we show that photosensitivity acts to modulate cnidocyte discharge in the hydra H. magnipapillata and that this property is driven by an opsin-mediated phototransduction cascade. We report that opsin and other phototransduction components are expressed in cells that accompany harpoon-like stenotele cnidocytes in battery complexes. We further demonstrate that the propensity for cnidocyte discharge can be altered experimentally as a function of light intensity. Finally, the alteration of cnidocyte discharge that we observe is reversed in the presence of cis-diltiazem, a drug known to inhibit CNG ion channels in both vertebrate [33] and cnidarian systems [12]. Taken together, our results implicate a role for opsin-based phototransduction in the regulation of cnidocyte discharge in the eyeless cnidarian H. magnipapillata.
In order to establish a morphological framework for comparing gene expression in the battery complexes of our study system H. magnipapillata, we explored the cellular composition of these structures using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. Current knowledge of the cellular morphology of cnidocyte-bearing battery complexes is based largely on previous studies that were conducted using electron microscopy (EM) [21,34,35]. A simplified schematic of the hydrozoan battery complex derived from Westfall [36] is shown in Figure 1A. Our results reveal transverse rows of cnidocyte-bearing battery complexes that occur with regular periodicity along the length of the tentacle as described previously for other hydrozoans [37] (Figure 1B). Large stenotele cnidocytes, which function to pierce and envenom prey with harpoon-like tubules, are located at the center of these complexes and are distinguished from other cell types (for example, desmoneme and isorhizal cnidocytes, and sensory neurons) by pronounced α tubulin staining in their cnidocyst capsules [28] and by the presence of large, trigger-like, ciliated cnidocils [37] (Figure 1B-D). Stereocilia, which ensheath the cnidocil and are comprised in part by filamentous actin [24], are revealed in stenotele cnidocytes by phalloidin staining [38] (Figure 1D). Our immunohistochemical studies also show that ganglion cell axonal projections link discrete battery complexes along the proximal/distal axis of the tentacle as previously hypothesized [39] (Figure 1B-D).
If phototransduction is involved in the regulation of cnidocyte discharge, we would expect opsin and other components of the cascade to be expressed together in some or all of the battery complex cells described above. In order to test this hypothesis we examined the expression of one hydra opsin, HmOps2, using in situ hybridization (ISH). This particular opsin was selected for study because its expression pattern has been reported previously [4,12]. Whole mount ISH in H. magnipapillata indicated strong HmOps2 expression in the ring-like ganglion that encircles the hypostome region and distinct, punctate expression in the tentacles of the animal (Figure 2A and 2B). HmOps2 is also expressed diffusely in the body column and in the gastrodermis of the tentacles. Closer inspection, using light microscopy, of cryosections of HmOps2-labeled tentacles indicated that ectodermal opsin expression is confined to cells that lack morphological features of cnidocytes, such as the cnidocyst capsules of stenotele, desmoneme and isorhizal cell types, which are clearly visible in these preparations yet lack staining seen in other cells (Figure 2C and 2D). HmOps2-expressing-cells likely correspond to sensory-motor neurons described previously from EM studies [35] and immunohistochemistry [39,40].
To further establish the presence of opsin-based phototransduction in battery complex neurons in the tentacles of H. magnipapillata, we tested for co-expression between HmOps2 and other phototransduction components using florescent ISH (FISH) and confocal microscopy. We first assessed co-expression between HmOps2 and CNG. HmCNG is the sole CNG gene in the hydra genome and previously has been cloned and analyzed phylogenetically [12]. Our results from confocal optical sections (0.2 μm) corroborate a highly correlated co-expression pattern between HmOps2 and HmCNG in cells that surround stenotele cnidocytes, which, based on our immunohistochemical studies and much previous work [17], are located at the center of battery complexes (Figure 2D-F).
Next, we tested for co-expression between opsin and arrestin, a gene essential for quenching phototransduction in both vertebrate and insect visual systems [41-43]. We cloned the arrestin orthologue HmArr1 from H. magnipapillata, which is a member of a clade of non-bilaterian arrestins that is the evolutionary sister to bilaterian β arrestins. Bilaterian β arrestins include visual arrestins known from vertebrate and insect visual systems respectively (Additional file 1). Our results clearly indicate co-expression between HmOps2 and HmArr in optical sections (0.2 μm) of battery complexes (Figure 2G-I). Together, these findings suggest that a ciliary-type phototransduction cascade comprised in part by opsin, CNG, and arrestin could play a role in the sensory regulation of cnidocyte discharge.
In order to test our hypothesis that opsin-based phototransduction functions to modulate cnidocyte discharge, we conducted a series of cnidocyte capture assays under different light conditions. For each assay, animals were acclimated to LED light of different intensities emitted with a very narrow wavelength spectrum peaking at 470 nm. We conducted dim light trials at 0.1 W/cm2 and bright light trials 2.8 W/cm2 (see Methods). Stenotele cnidocytes were captured with probes and counted under light microscopy as per Watson and Hessinger [24]. Our results indicate pronounced effects of the ambient light environment on the propensity for cnidocytes to discharge. Under bright light, the magnitude of cnidocyte discharge was significantly lower than that observed under dim light conditions (Figure 3B).
Because CNG ion channels have been implicated in opsin-mediated phototransduction in cnidarians [10,12] and because transcripts of CNG co-localize with opsin in battery complexes (Figure 2E-G), we tested the efficacy of the CNG ion channel inhibitor cis-diltiazem [33] to ablate the light induced effect on cnidocyte function. Cis-diltiazem (1 μM) reversed the observed reduction of cnidocyte discharge under bright light, as compared to dim light. Further, bright light trials conducted in the presence cis-diltiazem were statistically indistinguishable from control dim light trials performed without the drug (Figure 3B). From this we conclude that environmental information on light intensity acts to regulate cnidocyte discharge and that this property involves CNG function.
Our results provide a window into a previously unknown aspect of cnidarian sensory biology. We demonstrate that opsin-based phototransduction acts to regulate cnidocyte discharge by integrating information from the light environment into a behavioral outcome. Numerous stereotypical photobehaviors ranging from diurnal migration [30], phototaxis [32,44], and the contraction response [32,45] have been described in cnidarians, but no previously published data have demonstrated a role for light information in the regulation of cnidocyte function. We note, however, that an earlier report of unpublished data from studies in the anthozoan Aptaisia pallida are consistent with our results [22].
Our immunohistochemical studies of the tentacles of H. magnipapillata provide morphological landmarks for correlating the expression of opsin and its biochemical signaling partners with cells that localize to battery complexes. Battery complexes are apparent in our immunohistochemical data as rosettes of nuclei that occur with regular periodicity in transverse rows along the length of the tentacle (Figure 1B). Together with structural features of cnidocytes that are clear in light microscopy (such as the presence of cnidae), we can correlate the expression of opsin to non-stenotele cell types that form the periphery of battery complexes. CNG and arrestin also localize to these opsin-expressing cells as shown by FISH confocal microscopy (Figure 2E-J). We note that the apparent differences in expression pattern between colorimetric (Figure 2A-C) and fluorescent (Figure 2D-F) detection methods likely arise from the higher dynamic range offered by the latter.
Because our colorimetric ISH data show no evidence for opsin expression in any cnidocyte cell type, we conclude that opsin-expressing cells correspond specifically to sensory-motor neurons that were previously noted from EM studies by Westfall [21]. Interestingly, previous EM studies described the presence of pigment granules in these sensory neurons [21], which suggested a possible role in photoreception [46]. These sensory neurons have been reported to form synaptic connections with different cnidocyte cell types within the battery complex, and with ganglion cells that we show here to link separate battery complexes along the proximal/distal axis of the tentacle [39] (Figure 1B). Thus, phototransduction in any battery complex cell type has to potential to regulate firing in adjacent complexes, as has been shown for chemoreception [25].
The functional link that we propose between opsin-mediated phototransduction and cnidocyte discharge is supported by our behavioral studies wherein the effect of light intensity on cnidocyte firing was ablated by the drug cis-diltiazem, a specific inhibitor of CNG [33]. Three observations support our view that cis-diltiazem efficiently perturbs CNG signaling in the context of phototransduction in H. magnipapillata. First, all individuals included in cnidocyte firing assays conducted in the presence of the drug were responsive to mechanical stimuli and appeared otherwise normal following experiments (n = 90). From this we conclude that non-photoreceptive nervous system function in the hydra is not noticeably affected by cis-diltiazem at experimental concentrations. Second, a single CNG (HmCNG) locus is present in the genome sequence of H. magnipapillata and the expression of this gene is tightly correlated with that of opsin (Figure 2D-F) [12], thus diminishing the possibility that our drug treatment differentially affected some other unknown, non-phototransductive CNG-based process that indirectly alters the propensity for cnidocyte discharge. Finally, we have previously shown that cis-diltiazem is effective in perturbing the contraction response [12], another light driven behavior in H. magnipapillata [7,45]. These factors lead us to conclude that the effect of cis-diltiazem on cnidocyte discharge is specific to CNG and phototransduction.
What might the organismal and ecological relevance of light-regulated cnidocyte discharge be? The integration of light information into cnidocyte firing behavior by opsin-based signaling could make the successful deployment of cnidocytes into prey items or aggressors more likely. Cnidocytes are energetically expensive to maintain and discharge, and they comprise a significant proportion of cells in H. magnipapillata [17]. We propose that the accuracy of cnidocyte discharge may be enhanced by the integration of information on ambient light intensity in at least three non-exclusive ways. First, feeding behavior of many freshwater and marine organisms is tuned to diurnal cycles that peak at dusk [30,47]. The significant negative association between cnidocyte discharge and light intensity that we report here could function to reduce the propensity of cnidocytes to discharge during daylight hours, when prey items are scarce, and to arm them at dusk, when productive feeding hours begin. Second, light information in the form of a shadow being cast locally by prey on battery complex sensory neurons could provide another layer of sensory precision, thus enhancing the likelihood that stenotele cnidocytes make contact with and envenom prey items rapidly. This possibility is feasible because the integration of sensory information from the environment into cnidocyte discharge behavior is known to occur within milliseconds [48]. Finally, many cnidarians including H. magnipapillata demonstrate positive phototaxis [8,49], which is accomplished by an end-over-end 'somersaulting' behavior. Locomotion of this sort requires non-feeding isorhizal cnidocytes to discharge and adhere to the substrate [31]. One additional possibility is that opsin-mediated inhibition of stenotele and possibly desmoneme discharge, two cnidocyte types that function only in feeding [18] could act to suppress firing in non-locomotory cell types while phototaxis is underway. Our current data cannot discriminate between these possibilities, but provide directions for future research.
We demonstrate a role for opsin-based phototransduction in the regulation of cnidocyte function. The sensory biology of cnidocyte discharge has intrigued biologists since the 18th century when mechanosensory hair- and trigger-like structures were first hypothesized to actuate cnidocyte function [44,50]. Since that time, chemosensitivity has been added to the repertoire of cnidocyte sensory biology as studies into such cues as amino acids [51], glycoproteins [23], sugars [52], and prey extracts [25] have been demonstrated to alter cnidocyte discharge behavior across a wide phylogenetic range of cnidarians. In each case, the specific sensory receptor genes responsible for these behaviors have remained unknown. Our findings represent the first evidence for a specific sensory receptor gene (for example, opsin) in the regulation of cnidocyte discharge. Future work will seek to understand how light, chemical, and mechanical signal transduction cascades work together to coordinate cnidocyte discharge behavior.
Our results may also have relevance for cnidarian eye evolution, if light modulation of cnidocytes is a general and ancient feature of the phylum. Because immunohistochemical surveys have identified similarities in cnidocyte innervation between representatives of each cnidarian class [53], our finding that light regulates their function in the hydra could extend to other classes as well. Unlike cnidocytes, eyes are found only in some derived cnidarian lineages and may have more recent origins within the phylum [54]. Therefore, we hypothesize that the regulation of cnidocyte discharge by opsin-mediated phototransduction predated this pathway's function in cnidarian eyes. Future studies will investigate the role of light in modulating cnidocyte function in other, non-hydrozoan, lineages and explore the evolutionary history of cnidarian eyes using explicit statistical methods.
We conducted BLAST [55] searches for homologs of opsin, CNG, and arrestin from the genome sequences of the non-bilaterian taxa Amphimedon queenslandica [56], Trichoplax adhaerens [57], Hydra magnipapillata [58], and Nematostela vectensis [59], together with a taxonomically broad selection of bilaterian genome sequences, using functionally characterized sequences for each gene as queries in custom bioinformatics scripts. We have previously described the phylogenetic relationships and placement of cnidarian opsin [4] and CNG [12] using these methods and a global arrestin phylogeny has been described elsewhere [60]. The details of our methods and a phylogenetic analysis aimed specifically at the β arrestin subclass, which includes bilaterian visual arrestins, are provided in Additional files 1 and 2.
For immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization animals were starved for two days prior to staining. Animals were relaxed in 2% urethane (Sigma) in hydra medium (HM; 1.0 mM CaCl2, 1.5 mM NaHCO3, 0.1 mM MgCl2, 0.008 mM MgSO4, 0.03 mM KNO3; pH 8.0) and fixed overnight at 4°C in 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma) in HM.
For immunohistochemistry, animals were washed five times for 5 min in PBST (3.2 mM Na2HPO4, 0.5 mM KH2PO4, 1.3 mM KCl, 135 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20, pH 7.4) and blocked for 2 h in PBST + 20% normal goat serum (NGS; Sigma) at room temperature. Animals were then incubated with primary antibody, anti-acetylated α tubulin (1:500; Sigma), in blocking solution overnight at 4°C. Following primary antibody, animals were washed five times for 5 min in PBST and blocked as before. Secondary antibody, Cy2-conjugated anti mouse Ig (Jackson), was added over night at 4°C in blocking reagent. Samples were then washed five times for 5 min in PBST and a solution containing 1:1000 of DAPI stock (Molecular Probes) and 1:1000 Alexa Fluor 488-labeled phalloidin stock (Invitrogen) in PBST was added for 1 h. Samples were then washed five times for 5 min and mounted in glycerol.
For in situ hybridization, all loci were cloned based on publicly available EST sequences. HmOps2 corresponds to CV151648, HmCNG corresponds to DT606755 (a single-copy gene) and HmArr corresponds to CV464909. FISH confocal microscopy and RNA probe construction for HmOps2, HmCNG, and HmArr were conducted as previously reported [12].
Hydra magnipapillata (strain 105) was cultured using standard methods in HM [61]. Our cnidocyte capture assay was based on the method of Watson and Hessinger [24]. Lengths of fishing line (10 cm) were dipped twice in 20% gelatin (Knox) that had been dissolved in HM and heated to 65°C. Gelatin concentration was optimized in preliminary trials. Polymerized probes were used within 1 h of fabrication. For cnidocyte capture trials, we placed healthy and responsive animals in either dim blue light (0.1 W/cm2) or bright blue light (2.8 W/cm2) for 6 h prior to probing. In each case, light came from a blue (470 nm peak) LED array (SuperBright LEDs, part # E27-B24) placed at different distances from the animals to adjust brightness. To measure light intensity, we used a Jaz ULM spectrometer (Ocean Optics, Dunedin, FL, USA). We integrated intensity measurements between 435 nm and 515 nm wavelengths, using an integration time of 0.1 s. Ten individuals were placed into a test arena and animals were probed once at the distal tips of tentacles for approximately 1 s before the probe was withdrawn. The distal 1 cm of the probes were cut and mounted in glycerol. Cnidocytes that were collected in the probes were counted by light microscopy at 40×. The same procedure was used during trials with the CNG inhibitor cis-diltiazem (1 μM in HM; Sigma). Owing to the harpoon-like structure of discharged stenotele cnidocils, discharge data on these cell types are preferentially recovered.
Our experimental design first tested for differences between trials under bright and dim light, and then tested for differences between trials under bright light and bright light + cis-diltiazem. Data from 90 replicates from each experimental condition passed a D'Agostino & Pearson omnibus test of normality. Data were then compared using unpaired t-tests in Prism 5 (GraphPad).
CNG: cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel; HM: hydra medium; ISH: in situ hybridization
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
DCP conceived and designed the study, carried out some of the behavioral assays, analyzed the data, and drafted the manuscript. CRF contributed to the design and implementation of the majority of behavioral assays. THO contributed to the design of the study and drafted the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Phylogenetic tree of metazoan arrestins. Phylogenetic analyses of metazoan β arrestin genes. ML topology shown. Nodal support is given by bootstrap percentages/posterior probability. Support values below 50 are not shown. Dashes = 100% for bootstrap support and 1.0 for posterior probability.
Click here for additional data file (1741-7007-10-17-S1.PDF)
Additional file 2
Supplementary methods.
Click here for additional data file (1741-7007-10-17-S2.PDF)
The manuscript was significantly enhanced by thoughtful comments made by Glen M Watson, the editorial advisor and two anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by NSF DEB-0710406 to DCP and THO, and by NSF 0643840 to THO. DCP is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute postdoctoral fellow of the Life Sciences Research Foundation.
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[Figure ID: F1]
Figure 1
Cnidocyte morphology and arrangement in H. magnipapillata. (A) A generalized schematic of the hydrozoan battery complex in cross-section. Stenotele cnidocytes (S) are flanked by isorhiza (I) and desmoneme (D) cnidocytes, as well as sensory cells (SC), which form synaptic connections with ganglion cells (G) that link each of the other cnidocyte cell types. (B-D) Confocal z-stacks of H. magnipapillata tentacle midsection (B) and tentacle bulbs (C and D). Neurons, including cnidocytes, are stained red (anti acetylated α-Tubulin) and nuclei are stained blue (DAPI). Musculature is shown in green (phalloidin) in (C and D). Axonal projections (arrow heads) link battery complexes that occur with regular periodicity along the length of the tentacle. Arrows indicate stenotele cnidocytes. (D) is an inset of (C). (A) Redrawn with permission from Westfall [36].
[Figure ID: F2]
Figure 2
Studies of gene expression suggest a role for opsin-mediated photosensitivity in the regulation of cnidocyte discharge. (A-D) Colorimetric in situ hybridization with HmOps2 probe. Opsin expression is strongly localized to the hypostome (arrow), tentacles, and the ring-like ganglion (arrow head) that surrounds the mouth (A and B). (C and D) Cryosection of tentacle reveals HmOps2 expression in non-cnidocyte cell types. Cnidocytes capsules are clearly visible in these preparations. (E-I) Confocal fluorescence in situ hybridization shows that opsin transcripts co-localize with CNG (E-G) and arrestin (H, I) in battery complexes of the hydra. Blue cells with dark centers are the capsules of stenotele cnidocytes, which stain with DAPI [62]. Signal in (E-I) and (E-G) is located at different focal planes relative to central stenotele cnidocytes. Inset of (A), sense riboprobe negative control. Scale bars in (A) = 1 mm, in (B) = 500 μm, in (C) = 100 μm, in (D) and (E-J) approximately 30 μm.
[Figure ID: F3]
Figure 3
Behavioral studies of cnidocyte discharge indicate a significant inhibitory effect of light intensity on cnidocyte function. (A) Representative data for cnidocyte discharge assay. In this experiment stenotele cnidocytes were captured using gelatin-coated lengths of monofilament under different experimental conditions. (B) Significantly fewer cnidocysts were recovered from assays conducted in bright blue light (470 nm; 2.8 W/cm2) than in dim trials (470 nm; 0.1 W/cm2). Bright light suppression was ablated by the presence of the CNG inhibitor cis-diltiazem. Area between dashed lines in (A) = gelatin matrix; asterisk = monofilament; arrow heads = stenotele cnidocytes.
Article Categories:
Keywords: cnidocyte, stenotele, Cnidaria, opsin, phototransduction, arrestin, cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel..
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China Development Bank Securities ("CDB Securities") is a wholly-owned securities subsidiary established by CDB after the acquisition of 100% equity in the former Aviation Securities. It is headquartered in Beijing, specializing in securities brokerage, equity investment consulting, financial advisory related to securities trading and securities investment, securities underwriting and sponsorship, proprietary securities dealing; securities asset management, margin trading and other businesses approved by China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC).
Guided by CDB's operating philosophy of serving national strategies, CDB Securities achieved smooth progresses in all business segments and delivered consistent improvements in earnings results thanks to the hard work of its staff teams. As of the end of 2015, its total assets hit RMB 45.681, with full-year operating income standing at RMB 3.164 billion and net profit at RMB 999 million. The company received AA ratings assigned by the CSRC in the securities company category in three consecutive years, in recognition of significant improvements in its market value and position. Major awards won by CDB Securities since 2013 include "Best Enterprise Bond Underwriting Investment Bank in China", "Innovative Securities Company of the Year", "Innovative Brokerage of the Year" and "Brokerage of the Year for Social Responsibility" presented by Financial News and STCN.
Over the past six years, CDB Securities has acquired unique competitive advantages:
Leader in bond innovation. CDB Securities inherited CDB's brand and advantages in bond underwriting, and maintained a leading position in the bond market. In particular, it beat all competitors in enterprise bond issues during four consecutive years. It has established itself as the leader in bond innovation through assets securitization businesses, and set the record in single bond issue ABS in China.
Highly integrated financial services. Leveraging resources offered by CDB, CDB Securities provides clients with financial services integrating "investment, lending, bond, leasing and securities" across the capital and money markets, in line with the group's development strategy. By directly targeting high quality clients and projects referred by CDB, CDB Securities has created a solid client base for business development.
Exceptional financial strength. The registered capital of CDB Securities has been increased from the initial RMB 520 million to RMB 7.37 billion, leading to substantially enhanced business development and risk resistance capabilities. It recorded an impressive risk coverage ratio of 485.53% as of the end of 2015.
Corporate social responsibility. CDB Securities adheres to the mission and corporate culture of CDB, serving the public interest and supporting local economic and social development leveraging its unique advantages. Through the introduction of "bond-loan compound financing" and other innovative financing models, a growing amount of private capital has been channeled to projects closely connected with the people's livelihood, e.g. affordable housing and shantytown transformation.
Looking ahead, CDB Securities will continue to rely on CDB and serve CDB's priorities and national development strategies, further developing its characteristic businesses. While maintaining a leading position in bond underwriting and proprietary trading activities, it will divert efforts to investment banking and international businesses, and steadily develop innovative services such as asset management and credit trading, aiming to build the company into a professional, innovative and highly competitive securities company.


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Course Description: This course is a basic introduction into the science of friction ridge analysis and fingerprint identification. This course provides the foundation in friction ridge analysis covering the history of fingerprints, pattern recognition and comparison techniques. Teaching through lecture with PowerPoint presentations, classroom demonstrations and discussions as well as student practicum exercises.
This course is instructed by members of the Pennsylvania State Police, Bureau of Forensics Services.
Instructional Hours: 5 Days/32 hours
Instructional Objectives: Upon successful completion of the course the student will have acquired knowledge and basic information related to the history, physiology, terminology, and identification related to friction ridge skin and latent prints. The student will have developed skills related to fingerprint pattern recognition and identification.
After completion, the student will be able to:
Requirement: Student must bring a small flashlight. Student must wear safety goggles, provided at Laboratory, at all times while in the laboratory.
Couse Completion Requirements: Attendance and successful completion of a knowledge check.
Audience: PSP Enlisted; MPMPOETC CLEE Hours: 32 - CLEE ID#: CLEE00556
Registration: Please register for the classes below using this form. Locations: For a list of all training centers and directions, please visit the Training Center Page.
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text: Flyer Photoshop Template – Regardless of whether you hold a small company or perhaps happen to be making for your big business, pamphlets bring component of your entire web marketing strategy to support advertise your services or products, create company recognition and get customers. Company pamphlets also are an excellent way to sell a function as well as bring about, but making them is usually intimidating when style and design will not be your personal style. Do not fret, you do not really need to be any Photoshop professional or maybe understand nearly anything regarding PSD computer files. Our free of charge online business flyer layouts are generally editable with Term, as well as can be printed out as well as dispersed, virtually all without making use of an experienced!.a4 flyer photoshop template, a5 flyer photoshop template, event flyer photoshop template, flyer photoshop template, flyer photoshop template business, flyer size photoshop template, flyer template photoshop cs6, flyer template photoshop tutorial,


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Now I've joined for B.Sc.Physics and I'm willing to join IIT JAM coaching(Ernakulam District,Kerala).I want to know the procedures.
Now I've joined for B.Sc.Physics and I'm willing to join IIT JAM coaching(Ernakulam District,Kerala).I want to know the procedures.
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"The hardest death to die is death to self. The most difficult thing to do is to admit wrong and get the past cleaned up. ...God has given us two deeply powerful principles to overcome it. They are the moral forces of confession, to bring self-honesty and forgiveness, and restitution, to right wherever possible the harm that has been done by selfishness."
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Pharmacist's duties towards Medicaid recipients: To obtain, record and maintain pertinent patient information about the recipient; to undertake a review of the drugs previously dispensed to the recipient and to offer to discuss - Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-620
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Pharmacists must obtain and record the following information prior to or concurrent with dispensing a medication: (1) the individual's name, address, phone number, gender, and date of birth; (2) the individual's significant history (e.g. disease states, allergies, and drug reactions); (3) a list of the drugs and devises the pharmacy has dispensed within the preceding 180 days; and (4) the pharmacist's notes on the individual's drug therapy.
Pharmacists must review medications dispensed to an individual in the preceding 180 days prior to screen for drug therapy problems (e.g. contraindications, dosage errors, etc.). If practicable, pharmacists must offer to discuss a medication before dispensing it to an individual. This discussion should address topics such as the proper use of the medication and how to respond to adverse reactions. Pharmacists must document medication counseling, a patient's refusal of counseling, and a patient's refusal to give information.
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The research group Environmental Psychology Unit (EPU), at the Department of Psychology, gathers researches working with research and teaching within the area. The research group also cooperates with other departments and disciplines in interdisciplinary research projects.
Environmental Psychology belongs to the branch of psychology known as Social Psychology.
Environmental psychology investigates how people affect the environment but also how the physical surroundings affect people. It is a broad area that can be seen for different angles.
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EPU attend these issues for the perspective of psychological research, that is, our main focus is to understand and change human behavior.
More specifically, our research interest includes cognitive processes, social dilemmas, values, norms and, attitudes, and how these topics affect decisions and behaviors in an environmental context.


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A sadistic serial killer is leaving a seemingly random trail of butchered corpses, both male and female, across Europe. He kills and mutilates with the anatomical precision of a surgeon, the flair of a surrealist painter, and the insatiable ferocity of a beast.
Aided only by a dying girl who alone holds the key to the atrocities, policewoman Alanna Kirk trails the predatory killer through a dark underworld of S&M sex, organised suicide and police corruption, only to find that there are those who want the Slaughter King very much alive and on the streets...
Seen through the eye of a doomed lesbian love triangle, the series of dark and bloody events leads to an inexorable climax of violent, sudden death.


text: Share EBRPD Trails Challenge 2009! Posted by Andria on February 18, 2009 at 9:00am The East Bay Regional Parks District is celebrating its 75th Anniversary to make this year's annual Trails Challenge FREE (see details below) and green in partnership with Kaiser Permanente. The program includes a downloadable booklet of 20 trails of varying difficulty levels and lengths with maps, a trail log, trail & hiking FAQs, tips on hiking with kids and dogs, etc. Trails Challenge is FREE to those who meet the following requirements: * Register online between January 1 and March 31, 2009. * Are residents of Alameda or Contra Costa county. Kaiser employees are free to register for the Trails Challenge if they are residents of any Northern California county. * Pick-up their t-shirts in one of the six Regional Park Visitor Centers. * Download the Trails Challenge guidebook off of the Regional Parks Foundation/Trails Challenge website. You must complete at least 5 trails or 26.2 miles to meet the challenge and turn in your log for a commemorative pin. More information about the program and all necessary links are here. Tags: activity, outdoor, green, hikes, parks E-mail me when people leave their comments – Follow


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Khalid al-Attiyah's statement, at first glance, looks like a propaganda move, given that Qatar is a small albeit very rich country, Nezavisimaya Gazeta said.
It recalled that Qatar is already providing military, financial and political support to the Sunni opposition fighting against Syrian President Bashar Assad.
STUPID IDEA. Proxy War No More: Qatar Threatens Military Intervention in Syria Alongside 'Saudi, Turkish Brothers' https://t.co/byNEYaxMY6— nanotechexec (@nanotechexec) 23 октября 2015
Earlier, Saudi Arabia and Turkey indicated their intent to get involved in a war against the Syrian government, Nezavisimaya Gazeta said; the newspaper quoted some media outlets as saying that all this could lead to the start of a Third World War.
In mid-October, Russian President Vladimir Putin held talks with Saudi Arabia's Defense Minister Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud in the Black Sea resort of Sochi.
During the talks, the Saudi side warned of the "dangerous consequences" of Moscow's "military intervention" in the Syrian conflict.
Thus far, these have only been verbal threats, Nezavisimaya Gazeta said; however, it noted that the intentions of countries supporting those fighting the Syrian government have already been supported by real action.
Meanwhile, Russian military expert Yury Netkachev has dismissed speculation about the Syrian crisis sparking World War Three.
He was quoted by Nezavisimaya Gazeta as saying that Saudi Arabia and Turkey wouldn't dare stage a direct intervention in Syria, but are likely to continue to provide Syrian opposition groups with arms and money.


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Former MFM FC striker Sikiru Olatunbosun has joined Turkish club Menemenspor Kulubu.
Olatunbosun joined the Turkish second tier league side on a two-year contract.
He last played for Plateau United in the concluded Nigeria Professional Football League season after a five-year spell at MFM.
"Really excited to join this team on a two-year deal. I love it here, it's a new challenge for me in my career," Olatunbosun tweeted on Wednesday after his unveiling by Menemenspor.
"The target is promotion to the Turkish top league which I believe we will get at the end of the season."
Olatunbosun is famous for a wonder goal he scored for MFM FC in a Nigeria Professional Football League (NPFL) match against Enugu Rangers at the Agege Stadium Lagos which CNN named it goal of the week.
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Wednesday 1 May 2013
April 20, 2013
Kyrgyz Former Neighbors Talk About Tsarnaevs, North Caucasus Ties
Following the death of one of the suspects in the Boston Marathon bombings and the capture of the other, RFE/RL's Kyrgyz Service visited the ethnic Chechen family's former hometown to unravel their peripatetic background.
April 20, 2013
Former Neighbors On Tsarnaevs, Suspected Boston Bombers
Residents in the Kyrgyz village of Tokmok, where the family of Boston bombing suspects Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev lived for generations, talk about the young men's early ties to Russia's North Caucasus republic of Chechnya. They also express disbelief that the Tsarnaev boys could have carried out such a horrific attack, saying everyone has "only good things" to say about them. Produced by Ulanbek Asanalyev, RFE/RL's Kyrgyz Service
April 20, 2013
Fugitive Boston Marathon Bombing Suspect Caught
Nineteen-year-old Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the second of two suspects in the deadly Boston Marathon bombing, was captured and taken to a Boston-area hospital on April 19 after police found him hiding in a boat being stored in a backyard in Watertown, Massachusetts. Dzhokhar's 26-year-old brother and fellow suspect, Tamerlan, was killed in a firefight earlier in the day. U.S. President Barack Obama said the arrest closed what he called "an important chapter in this tragedy," which left at least four people dead and at least 174 others injured over the course of five dramatic days. (AP video)


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