text:
|History of the Beatles
The Beatles arriving at John F. Kennedy Airport, 7 February 1964
Beatlemania was the intense fan frenzy surrounding the English band the Beatles in the 1960s. The group's popularity grew in the United Kingdom throughout 1963, propelled by the singles "Please Please Me", "From Me to You" and "She Loves You". By October, the press adopted the term "Beatlemania" to describe the scenes of adulation that attended the band's concert performances. From the start of 1964, their worldwide tours were characterised by intense levels of hysteria and high-pitched screaming by female fans, both at concerts and during the group's travels.
In February 1964, the Beatles arrived in the United States and their televised performances on The Ed Sullivan Show were viewed by approximately 73 million people. It established the Beatles' international stature, changed attitudes to popular music in the US and sparked the British Invasion phenomenon. As in Britain and other countries, the Beatles dominated the national sales charts at an unprecedented level. In 1965, their concert at New York's Shea Stadium marked the first time that a large outdoor stadium had been used for such a purpose. The event attracted an audience of 55,000, the largest of any live concert that the Beatles performed.
By 1966, John Lennon controversially remarked that the group were "more popular than Jesus now". Soon after, the Beatles' travels were further entangled by mob revolt, violence, political backlash and threats of assassination, as well as more extreme displays of deity-like worship. They were so overwhelmed that they stopped touring and became a studio-only band. Although commentators speculated that the move would lead to a decline in popularity, their 1967 album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band was critically acclaimed and revolutionised the music industry.
The Beatles are regarded as the most influential band of all time.[1] Their fans were predominately young adolescent females, sometimes called "teenyboppers", but came to include listeners who traditionally shunned youth-driven pop culture, which helped bridge divisions between folk and rock enthusiasts. In succeeding decades, the receptions of other acts – particularly boy bands – have drawn comparisons to Beatlemania. None, however, have replicated the breadth and depth of the Beatles' fandom.
- 1 Explanations and precursors
- 2 1963: UK success
- 3 1964–1965: International success
- 4 1966: Final tours and controversies
- 5 Post-touring fan culture and legacy
- 6 See also
- 7 Notes
- 8 References
- 9 Further reading
Explanations and precursors[edit]
From 1963, the Beatles provided one of the first opportunities for female teenagers in Britain to exhibit spending power and publicly express sexual desire, while the group's image suggested a disregard for adults' opinions and parents' ideas of morality.[2] In the description of author and musician Bob Stanley, the band's domestic breakthrough represented a "final liberation" for the nation's teenagers and, by coinciding with the end of National Service, the group "effectively signaled the end of World War II in Britain".[3]
During the 1840s, fans of Hungarian pianist and composer Franz Liszt showed a level of fanaticism similar to that of the Beatles. Poet Heinrich Heine coined "Lisztomania" to describe this.[4] Once it became an international phenomenon in 1964, Beatlemania surpassed in intensity and reach any previous examples of fan worship, including those afforded Elvis Presley and Frank Sinatra.[5] One factor in this development may have been the post–World War II baby boom, which gave the Beatles a larger audience of young fans than Sinatra and Presley had a decade earlier.[4] In their 1986 book Re-making Love: The Feminization of Sex, authors Barbara Ehrenreich, Elizabeth Hess and Gloria Jacobs argued that the Beatles' famous moptop haircuts signalled androgyny and thus presented a less threatening version of male sexuality to teenage girls, while their presentable suits meant that they seemed less "sleazy" than Presley to middle-class whites.[5] According to author Peter Doggett, psychologists during the 1960s were especially drawn to the significance of the long hair preferred by the Beatles and the bands that emerged soon after their breakthrough:
Did this give the group a glow of femininity which made them less threatening to pubescent or prepubescent girls? Did their flowing locks allow their male fans to view them with the same mixture of lust and longing that they would have harboured for young women? Were the hirsute groups expressing their own latent homosexuality? Or, in contrast, so confident a grasp of their own heterosexuality that they could afford to disguise it behind the veneer of androgyny? Were both musicians and fans locked into a mutual display of narcissism, concealing a vacuum of self-doubt? Such intriguing debates preoccupied academics for years to come, as if teenagers and their idols were aliens beyond our ken.[6]
In February 1964, Paul Johnson wrote an article in the New Statesman which stated that the mania was a modern incarnation of female hysteria and that the wild fans at the Beatles' concerts were "the least fortunate of their generation, the dull, the idle, the failures".[7] The article became the "most complained-about piece" in the magazine's history.[8] A 1966 study published in the British Journal of Clinical Psychology rejected Johnson's assertion; the researchers found that Beatles fans were not likelier to score higher on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory's hysteria scale, nor were they unusually neurotic. Instead, they described Beatlemania as "the passing reaction of predominantly young adolescent females to group pressures of such a kind that meet their special emotional needs".[9]
1963: UK success[edit]
"Please Please Me" and first UK tours[edit]
With the success of their second single "Please Please Me", the Beatles found themselves in demand for the whole of 1963. In the UK, the song reached number two on the Record Retailer chart (subsequently adopted as the UK Singles Chart),[10] and topped both the NME and Melody Maker charts.[11] The band released their first album in March 1963, also titled Please Please Me.[12] They appeared on ABC TV's Thank Your Lucky Stars show on 11 January (televised 19 January) and recorded for the BBC's Here We Go on 16 January and the BBC's Saturday Club and Talent Spot on 22 January.[13]
The Beatles completed four nationwide tours in 1963 and performed at a great many single shows around the UK throughout the year, often finishing one show only to travel straight to the next show in another location – sometimes even to perform again the same day.[14][15] The music papers were full of stories about the Beatles, and magazines for teenage girls regularly contained interviews with the band members, colour posters, and other Beatle-related articles.[16] Lennon's August 1962 marriage to Cynthia Powell was kept from public view as a closely guarded secret.[17][nb 1]
On 2 February 1963, the Beatles opened their first nationwide tour at a show in Bradford featuring Helen Shapiro, Danny Williams, Kenny Lynch, Kestrels, and the Red Price Orchestra.[13] Heading the tour bill was 16-year-old Shapiro followed by the other five acts – the last of which was the Beatles. The band proved immensely popular during the tour, however, as journalist Gordon Sampson observed. His report did not use the word "Beatlemania", but the phenomenon was evident. Sampson wrote that "a great reception went to the colourfully dressed Beatles, who almost stole the show, for the audience repeatedly called for them while other artists were performing!"[18] The Beatles' second nationwide tour began on 9 March at the Granada Cinema in London, where the group appeared on a bill headed by American stars Tommy Roe and Chris Montez, both of whom had firmly established themselves in the UK singles charts.[19] Throughout the tour, the crowds repeatedly screamed for the Beatles, and the American stars were less popular than a homegrown act for the first time. The Beatles enjoyed the overwhelming enthusiasm, but they also felt embarrassment for the American performers at this unexpected turn of events, which persisted at every show on the tour.[20]
In May, the Beatles achieved their first number 1 single on the Record Retailer chart with "From Me to You". According to Stanley, they provided a sense of liberation for fans of both sexes, in that: "The boys could make as much noise as possible; the girls had something with dirt under its fingernails they could scream at."[3] The Beatles began their third nationwide tour on 18 May, the bill this time headed by Roy Orbison. Orbison had established even greater UK chart success than either Montez or Roe, with four hits in the top 10,[22] but he proved less popular than the Beatles at the tour's opening show staged at the Adelphi Cinema, Slough. It soon became obvious that this was not going to change, and a week into the tour the covers of the souvenir programs were reprinted to place the Beatles above Orbison. Starr was nonetheless impressed with the response that Orbison still commanded, saying: "We would be backstage, listening to the tremendous applause he was getting. He was just doing it by his voice. Just standing there singing, not moving or anything."[23] The tour lasted three weeks and ended on 9 June.[24]
Follow-up records and coinage of "Beatlemania"[edit]
The Beatles starred on Val Parnell's Sunday Night at the London Palladium on 13 October 1963, the UK's top variety show.[26] Their chart-topping single "She Loves You" included a "Yeah, yeah, yeah" refrain that became a signature hook for their European audiences; in addition, the song's falsetto "Ooh!"s elicited further fan delirium when accompanied by the vocalists' exaggerated shaking of their moptop hair.[27] The band's performance on Sunday Night at the London Palladium was televised live and watched by 15 million viewers. One national paper's headlines in the following days coined the term "Beatlemania" to describe the phenomenal and increasingly hysterical interest in the Beatles – and it stuck.[26] Publicist Tony Barrow saw Beatlemania as beginning with the band's appearance on that program,[27] at which point he no longer had to contact the press but had the press contacting him.[28]
Scottish music promoter Andi Lothian said that he coined "Beatlemania" while speaking to a reporter at the band's Caird Hall concert, which took place as part of the Beatles' mini-tour of Scotland on 7 October.[29][30] The word appeared in the Daily Mail on 21 October for a feature story by Vincent Mulchrone headlined "This Beatlemania".[31] According to Beatles historian Mark Lewisohn, this national attention was belated recognition of a fan frenzy that the group had attracted in the north of England since the start of the 1960s. Lewisohn says that some who attended the Beatles' 27 December 1960 show in Litherland claim that Beatlemania was "born" there, while Bob Wooler, who regularly presented the Beatles at Liverpool's Cavern Club, wrote in August 1961 that they were "the stuff that screams are made of" and were already playing to "fever-pitch audiences" at the Cavern.[32]
The band returned from a five-day Swedish tour on 31 October 1963[33] and were greeted at Heathrow Airport in heavy rain by thousands of screaming fans, 50 journalists and photographers, and a BBC TV camera crew. The wild scenes at the airport delayed the British prime minister, being chauffeured in the vicinity, as his car was obstructed by the crowds. The Miss World of the time was passing through the airport, as well, but she was completely ignored by journalists and the public.[34][nb 2]
– Author Peter Doggett
On 1 November, the Beatles began their fourth nationwide tour of 1963.[37] It produced much the same reaction from those attending, with a fervent, riotous response from fans everywhere they went. Police attempting to control the crowds employed high-pressure water hoses, and the safety of the police became a matter of national concern, provoking controversial discussions in Parliament over the thousands of police officers putting themselves at risk to protect the Beatles.[38] On the first tour date, at the Odeon in Cheltenham, the volume of sound from the screaming crowds was so great that the Beatles' amplification equipment proved unequal to it – the band members could not hear themselves speaking, singing or playing.[34] The next day, the Daily Mirror carried the headline "BEATLEMANIA! It's happening everywhere ... even in sedate Cheltenham".[31] The Daily Telegraph published a disapproving article in which the scenes of adulation were likened to Hitler's Nuremberg Rallies.[33] Adults, who had been accustomed to wartime deprivation in their youth, expressed concerns at the frenzied reaction given to pop groups such as the Beatles.[39] Alternatively, a Church of England clergyman remarked that a Beatles version of the Christmas carol "O Come, All Ye Faithful", sung as "O Come, All Ye Faithful Yeah Yeah Yeah",[25] might restore the popularity and relevance of the church in Britain.[40]
On 4 November, the Beatles sang before the Queen Mother and Princess Margaret at the Royal Variety Performance, sharing the large bill with non-pop acts including Marlene Dietrich and Harry Secombe.[41] Harrison expressed surprise to find the group sharing the limelight with such show business greats. "We're just four normal folk who have had a couple of hit records", he said.[42] Maureen Lipman attended a concert in Hull as a sceptic, but 50 years later she recalled her "road to Damascus moment" when Lennon sang "Money (That's What I Want)": "Someone very close to me screamed the most piercing of screams, a primal mating call … I realised with an electric shock that the screaming someone was me. I continued to scream for the next 40 minutes. The rest of the concert is a blur." She heard that the arena "cleared away 40 pairs of abandoned knickers" from other young female fans, "and life, as I knew it, was never the same again".[43] The tour continued until 13 December, with stops in Dublin and Belfast,[44] and marked the "pinnacle of British Beatlemania", according to Lewisohn.[45]
1964–1965: International success[edit]
US breakthrough and "I Want to Hold Your Hand"[edit]
EMI owned Capitol Records, but Capitol had declined to issue any of the band's singles in the US for most of the year.[46] The American press regarded the phenomenon of Beatlemania in the UK with amusement.[47] Newspaper and magazine articles about the Beatles began to appear in the US towards the end of 1963, and they cited the English stereotype of eccentricity, reporting that the UK had finally developed an interest in rock and roll, which had come and gone a long time previously in the US.[47] Headlines included "The New Madness"[48] and "Beatle Bug Bites Britain",[47] and writers employed word-play linking "beetle" with the "infestation" afflicting the UK.[47] The Baltimore Sun reflected the dismissive view of most adults: "America had better take thought as to how it will deal with the invasion. Indeed a restrained 'Beatles go home' might be just the thing."[49] Rather than dissuading American teenagers, such disapproval from adults strengthened their connection with the band.[49]
The Beatles' American television debut was on 18 November 1963 on The Huntley–Brinkley Report, with a four-minute report by Edwin Newman.[50][51] On 22 November, the CBS Morning News ran a five-minute feature on Beatlemania in the UK which heavily featured their UK hit "She Loves You". The evening's scheduled repeat was cancelled following the assassination of President Kennedy the same day. On 10 December, Walter Cronkite decided to run the piece on the CBS Evening News.[52] American chart success began after disc jockey Carroll James obtained a copy of the British single "I Want to Hold Your Hand" in mid-December and began playing it on AM radio station WWDC in Washington, DC.[53] Listeners repeatedly phoned in to request a replay of the song, while local record shops were flooded with requests for a record that they did not have in stock.[54] James sent the record to other disc jockeys around the country, sparking similar reaction.[49] On 26 December, Capitol released the record three weeks ahead of schedule,[54] and it sold a million copies and became a number-one hit in the US by mid-January.[55] Epstein arranged for a $40,000 American marketing campaign,[53] which Capitol agreed to due to Ed Sullivan's agreement to headline the Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show.[56]
First visit to the US and Ed Sullivan Show performances[edit]
In advance of the Beatles' arrival in the US, Time magazine reported that the "raucous sound" of the band's screaming fans made their concerts "slightly orgiastic". The seating at venues would be soaked in urine after each show and, in Doggett's description, "Sociologists noted that witnessing a pop group provoked orgasms amongst girls too young to understand what they were feeling."[36] According to David Holbrook, writing in the New Statesman, it was "painfully clear that the Beatles are a masturbation fantasy, such as a girl presumably has during the onanistic act – the genial smiling young male images, the music like a buzzing of the blood in the head, the rhythm, the cries, the shouted names, the climaxes."[57] On 3 January 1964, The Jack Paar Program ran Beatles concert footage licensed from the BBC "as a joke" to an audience of 30 million viewers.[49] On 7 February, an estimated 4,000 Beatles fans were present as Pan Am Flight 101 left Heathrow Airport.[58] Among the passengers were the Beatles on their first trip to the US as a band, along with Phil Spector and an entourage of photographers and journalists.[59] On arrival at New York's newly renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport, they were greeted by a crowd of 4,000 Beatles fans and 200 journalists.[60] A few people in the crowd were injured, and the airport had not previously experienced such a large crowd.[61] The band held a press conference where they met disc jockey Murray the K, then they were put into four limousines (one per Beatle)[62] and driven to New York City. On the way, McCartney turned on a radio and listened to a running commentary: "They have just left the airport and are coming to New York City."[63] When they reached the Plaza Hotel, they were besieged by fans and reporters.[64]
The Beatles made their first live US television appearance on 9 February,[65] when 73 million viewers watched them perform on The Ed Sullivan Show at 8 pm – about two-fifths of the American population.[66] According to the Nielsen ratings audience measurement system, the show had the largest number of viewers that had been recorded for an American television program.[67] The Beatles performed their first American concert on 11 February at Washington Coliseum, a sports arena in Washington, DC, attended by 8,000. They performed a second concert the next day at New York's Carnegie Hall, which was attended by 2,000, and both concerts were well received.[68] The Beatles then flew to Miami Beach and made their second television appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show on 16 February, which was broadcast live from the Napoleon Ballroom of the Deauville Hotel in Miami Beach with another 70 million viewers. On 22 February, the Beatles returned to the UK and arrived at Heathrow airport at 7 am, where they were met by an estimated 10,000 fans.[68]
An article in The New York Times Magazine described Beatlemania as a "religion of teenage culture" that was indicative of how American youth now looked to their own age group for social values and role models.[69] The US had been in mourning, fear and disbelief over the assassination of President John F. Kennedy on 22 November 1963,[70] and many historians identify a link between the public shock and the adulation afforded the Beatles eleven weeks later.[71] At the time, some commentators suggested that the Beatles reignited the sense of excitement and possibility that had faded in the wake of the assassination.[72] Other factors cited by contemporary pundits included the threat of nuclear war, racial tensions in the US, and reports of the country's increased involvement in the Vietnam War.[73] In 2015, Slate writer Jack Hamilton quoted music critic Greil Marcus as saying that he remembered hearing "Please Please Me" when it was a regional hit in San Francisco in 1963, and that he had never made any connection between "the malaise or shock over the assassination and the arrival of the Beatles".[71] In the same article, Lewisohn said that no connection was made at the time in the UK, and "The coincidence only became apparent with hindsight."[71] Writing for Mojo in 2002, Lewisohn said that while some people dismiss the Kennedy association as "psychobabble", "it does make sense."[74]
The first Beatles album issued by Capitol, Meet the Beatles, hit number one on the Billboard Top LPs chart (later the Billboard 200) on 15 February, and it maintained that position for 11 weeks of its 74-week chart stay.[75] On 4 April, the group occupied the top five US single chart positions, as well as 11 other positions in the Top 100.[76] As of 2013, they remained the only act to have done so, having also broken 11 other chart records on the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200.[77] David P. Szatmary states, "In the nine days, during the Beatles' brief visit, Americans had bought more than two million Beatles records and more than 2.5 million US dollars worth of Beatles-related goods."[78] The Beatles' Second Album on Capitol topped the charts on 2 May and kept its peak for five weeks of its 55-week chart stay.[79]
British invasion[edit]
The Beatles' popular success in America established the popularity of British bands and affected the musical style of American bands, including those subsequently formed in Memphis, Tennessee.[80][nb 3] By mid 1964, several more UK acts had come to the US, including the Dave Clark Five, the Rolling Stones, Billy J. Kramer and Gerry & the Pacemakers.[82][83] Completing what commentators termed the British Invasion of the US pop market, one-third of all top ten hits there in 1964 were performed by British acts.[84] The Beatles' chart domination was repeated in countries around the world during 1964, as were the familiar displays of mania wherever the band played.[85] When the group toured Australia in June, the population afforded the visit the status of a national event.[86] A crowd of 250,000 welcomed the Beatles to Melbourne; this figure was the largest recorded gathering of Australians in one place,[87] and twice the number of people that had greeted Queen Elizabeth II on her royal visit in 1963.[88]
A Hard Day's Night and first US tour[edit]
The Beatles starred as fictionalised versions of themselves in their first feature-length motion picture, A Hard Day's Night, which premiered in the US in August 1964.[89] The accompanying soundtrack album spent 14 weeks at number one on the Billboard Top LPs chart during a 56-week stay – the longest run of any album that year.[90] The band returned to the US for a second visit in August, this time remaining for a month-long tour.[91] The White House press office asked the Beatles to be photographed with President Lyndon B. Johnson laying a wreath on the grave of John F. Kennedy, but Epstein politely declined,[82] as it was not the group's policy to accept "official" invitations.[92]
The Beatles performed 30 concerts in 23 cities, starting in California and ending in New York.[91] The opening concert was held on 19 August 1964 at the Cow Palace in Daly City, a sold-out venue filled with 17,130 people.[94][95] One of the major stipulations was that the band would not perform for segregated audiences or at venues which excluded blacks.[96] The tour was characterised by intense levels of hysteria and high-pitched screaming by female fans, both at concerts and during their travels."[78] At each venue, the concert was treated as a major event by the local press and attended by 10,000 to 20,000 fans whose enthusiastic response produced sound levels that left the music only semi-audible.[91] Some Billboard headlines were: "The U.S. Rocks and Reels from 'Beatles' Invasion'", "Chicago Flips Wig, Beatles' and Otherwise", "New York City Crawling with Beatlemania" and "Beatle Binge in Los Angeles".[78] When the Beatles played in Chicago on 5 September, a local policeman described the scenes of adulation as "kind of like Sinatra multiplied by 50 or 100".[97] At Jacksonville on 11 September, 500 fans kept the Beatles trapped in the George Washington Hotel car park after the group had given a press conference at the hotel. With only a dozen police officers on hand, it took the band 15 minutes to move the 25 feet from the lift to their limousine.[98]
The tour earned the Beatles over a million dollars in ticket sales, and stimulated a further increase in record and Beatles-related merchandise sales.[91] Reports at this time likened the intensity of the fans' adulation to a religious fervour.[99] Derek Taylor, the band's press officer, was quoted in the New York Post as saying, "Cripples threw away their sticks [and] sick people rushed up to the car ... It was as if some savior had arrived and all these people were happy and relieved." In a report from London for the Partisan Review, Jonathan Miller wrote of the effects of the Beatles' extended absence overseas: "They have become a religion in fact ... All over the place though there are icons, devotional photos and illuminated messiahs which keep the tiny earthbound fans in touch with the provocatively absconded deities."[99] American social commentators Grace and Fred Hechinger complained that adults had failed to provide youth with an adequate foundation for their creativity, and they especially deplored the tendency for "creeping adult adolescence", whereby parents sought to share their children's "banal pleasures".[100]
After the last concert of the 1964 tour, the Beatles were introduced to Bob Dylan in New York. In his book Can't Buy Me Love: The Beatles, Britain, and America, author Jonathan Gould comments on the musical and cultural significance of this meeting, since the Beatles' fan base and that of Dylan were "perceived as inhabiting two separate subcultural worlds".[101][nb 4] As a result, according to Gould, the traditional division between folk and rock enthusiasts "nearly evaporated" over the following year, as the Beatles' fans began to mature in their outlook and Dylan's audience embraced the new, youth-driven pop culture.[103]
Help! and Shea Stadium performance[edit]
The Beatles attended the London premiere of their film Help! in July 1965, after completing a two-week tour of France, Italy and Spain, and then returned to the US for another two-week tour.[104] The tour commenced at Shea Stadium in New York City on 15 August. The circular stadium had been constructed the previous year with seating arranged in four ascending decks, all of which were filled for the concert.[104] It was the first time that a large outdoor stadium had been used for such a purpose, and the event sold out in 17 minutes.[105] The rest of the tour was highly successful, with well-attended concerts on each of its ten dates.[104] The concert at Shea Stadium attracted an audience of 55,000, the largest of any live concert that the Beatles performed.[104]
That same year, the band's influence on American youth was the subject of condemnation by Christian conservatives such as Bob Larson and David Noebel,[106] the latter a Baptist minister and member of the Christian Crusade.[107] In a widely distributed pamphlet titled Communism, Hypnotism, and the Beatles, Noebel wrote that patriotic Americans were "in the fight of our lives and the lives of our children", and urged: "Let's make sure four mop-headed anti-Christ beatniks don't destroy our children's mental and emotional stability and ultimately destroy our nation."[107]
On 26 October, 4000 fans gathered outside Buckingham Palace in central London while the Beatles received their MBEs from the Queen. As the crowd chanted "Yeah, yeah, yeah!", some fans jostled with police officers and scaled the palace gates.[108] The impossibility of travelling without being mobbed led to the Beatles abandoning live television appearances to promote their singles.[109] In November 1965, they filmed promotional clips for their double A-side single, "Day Tripper"/"We Can Work It Out", which could be played on shows such as Ready Steady Go! and Top of the Pops, thereby saving the band the need to travel to TV studios around the UK and allowing them to focus on recording their new album, Rubber Soul.[110]
In her study of Beatlemania, sociologist Candy Leonard says that although Rubber Soul challenged some young fans, due to its more sophisticated lyrical and musical content, its release marked the moment when "the Beatles came to occupy a role in fans' lives and a place in their psyches that was different from any previous fan–performer relationship."[111] In the UK, the release was accompanied by speculation that the group's success would soon end, given that most acts there faded after two or three years at the top.[112] During the band's UK tour that December, some newspapers reported that the intensity of the fans' passion appeared to have diminished. In his review of the opening show in Glasgow, Alan Smith of the NME wrote that "Crazy Beatlemania is over, certainly", despite the prevalence of "fainting fits, and thunderous waves of screams".[113] By the end of the tour, however, following a series of concerts in London, Smith wrote: "without question, BEATLEMANIA IS BACK! ... I have not seen hysteria like this at a Beatles show since the word Beatlemania erupted into headlines!"[114]
1966: Final tours and controversies[edit]
Germany, Japan and the Philippines[edit]
After completing the recording for Revolver in late June 1966, the Beatles set off on a tour combining concerts in West Germany, Japan and the Philippines. German police used tear gas and guard dogs to control fans in Essen, and in Tokyo, there was fear of terrorism surrounding the band's stay, forcing the members to be placed under heavy security in response to death threats from the country's hardline traditionalists.[115] While in the Philippines in July, the group unintentionally snubbed first lady Imelda Marcos, who had expected them to attend her breakfast reception at Malacañang Palace in Manila.[116] Epstein had declined the invitation on the band's behalf, as it had never been his policy to accept such official invitations.[92] Riots resulted which endangered the group, and they escaped the Philippines with difficulty.[117]
According to author Steve Turner, the three-country tour represented the dark side of Beatlemania and the band's fame. Whereas crowds breaking through a police barrier would have been the biggest concern up until the previous year, "Now it was mob revolt, violence, political backlash, and threats of assassination."[118] In George Harrison's recollection:
Everywhere we were going [in 1966], there was a demonstration about one thing or another. In America the race riots were going on when Beatlemania had come to town. In Japan there were student riots, plus people were demonstrating because the Budokan ... was supposed to be a special spiritual hall reserved for martial arts ... [In Manila] the whole place turned on us ... there were all the government officials or police, who were trying to punch us ... and then underneath that were the young kids who were still around doing the mania.[119][excessive quote]
"More popular than Jesus"[edit]
The Beatles returned to the US in August for their last tour, following the release of Revolver.[120] The tour coincided with a storm of American public protest caused by Lennon's remark that the Beatles had become more popular than Christ.[121][122][nb 5] Epstein had considered cancelling the 14-concert tour, fearing for their lives because of the severity of the protests, which included Beatles' records publicly burned and claims that the Beatles were "anti-Christ".[121].[120] There were disturbances on the tour, and one performance was brought to a temporary halt when a member of the audience threw a firecracker, leading the Beatles to believe that they were being shot at.[120] They received telephone threats, and the Ku Klux Klan picketed some concerts.[120] Lennon's comments had caused no upset when originally published in the UK, in March.[124] However, John Grigg, in his column for The Guardian, had applied Lennon's description of Christ's disciples as "thick and ordinary" to the band's fans, saying: "Beatle maniacs are a distinct obstacle to higher appreciation of the Beatles."[125]
Last concert[edit]
The US tour ended with a concert at Candlestick Park in San Francisco[120] and was commercially successful. All the same, it had been affected by the prevailing mood of controversy; there had been rows of empty seats at some venues[126] and, according to author Nicholas Schaffner, "The screaming had also abated somewhat – one could occasionally even hear snatches of music."[127] Comparing the Beatles' August 1966 Shea Stadium concert with the previous year's event, one commentator recalled that, as before, "when the Beatles sang, the looks in the girls' eyes were faraway", but "It was different ... This time, we boys were almost as entranced, and the experience was more unifying than dividing."[128] The band's final concert marked the end of a four-year period dominated by touring and concerts, including nearly 60 American appearances and more than 1,400 worldwide.[129]
The Beatles had become bored with all aspects of touring – including fans offering themselves sexually to the band, the high-pitched screaming, and regular confinement in hotel rooms – and they were frustrated that the quality of their live performances was so at odds with the increasingly sophisticated music they created in the studio.[130] Harrison was the first to tire of Beatlemania, while McCartney had continued to thrive on the adulation. McCartney finally ceded to his bandmates' insistence that the group stop touring towards the end of the 1966 tour.[131] Lennon said that their concerts had become "bloody tribal rites" where crowds came merely to scream.[132] He later complained: "On our last tour, people kept bringing blind, crippled and deformed children into our dressing room and this boy's mother would say, 'Go on, kiss him, maybe you'll bring back his sight.' We're not cruel. We've seen enough tragedy in Merseyside ... We're going to remain normal if it kills us."[133]
Post-touring fan culture and legacy[edit]
Response to revamped image[edit]
The Beatles gave no more commercial concerts from the end of their 1966 US tour until their break-up in 1970, instead devoting their efforts to creating new material in the recording studio.[134] By late 1966, many young fans in the US had temporarily turned away from the Beatles, having found Revolver overly austere and lacking the fun aspect they expected of the band's music.[135] Sensing this, two Hollywood television executives created The Monkees, a show starring an eponymous four-piece band in the Beatles' mould[136] and evoking the spirit of their films A Hard Day's Night and Help![137] An immediate commercial success, the Monkees captured the teenybopper audience[138] and elicited the frenzied adulation of early Beatlemania.[139] For the younger Beatles fans, a weekly King Features cartoon series, titled The Beatles, maintained the innocent "moptop" image of previous years.[139]
Final public gatherings[edit]
In November 1966, a crowd of 200 fans demonstrated outside Epstein's home in London, with a 1000-signature petition demanding that the Beatles undertake another UK tour.[140] In late August the following year, 2000 fans protested outside Shea Stadium at the band's failure to perform in the US that summer.[141] Beatlemania continued on a reduced scale after the band's retirement from live performances and into their solo careers.[142] The last mass display of fan adulation took place at the world premiere of the Beatles' animated film Yellow Submarine,[143][144] held at the London Pavilion in Piccadilly Circus on 17 July 1968.[145] The event was attended by the four band members; in author Barry Miles' description, "Fans as usual brought traffic to a standstill and blocked the streets."[145]
Between 1964 and 1970, the Beatles maintained the number one single in the US for a total of 59 weeks and topped the LP charts for 116 weeks. In other words, they had the top-selling single one out of every six weeks, and the top-selling album one out of every three weeks.[146] They won the annual best-band poll conducted by NME every year between 1963 and 1969, except in 1966 when they came second to the Beach Boys.[147] Billboard reported that the result was "being taken as a portent that the popularity of the top British groups of the last three years is past its peak".[148] A double A-side single containing "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "Penny Lane" was issued in February 1967, but it failed to reach number one on the Record Retailer chart. British press agencies speculated that the group's run of success might have ended, with headlines such as "Beatles Fail to Reach the Top", "First Time in Four Years" and "Has the Bubble Burst?"[149] Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band was released in May 1967 and became a major critical and commercial success. According to Gould, the record immediately revolutionised "both the aesthetics and the economics of the record business in ways that far outstripped the earlier pop explosions triggered by the Elvis phenomenon of 1956 and the Beatlemania phenomenon of 1963".[150]
The group's popularity and influence grew into what was seen as an embodiment of socio-cultural movements of the decade. In Gould's view, they became icons of the 1960s counterculture and a catalyst for bohemianism and activism in various social and political arenas, fuelling movements such as women's liberation and environmentalism.[151] A 1997 study titled "Beatlemania: A sexually defiant consumer subculture?" argued that Beatlemania represented a proto-feminist demonstration of girl power.[152] In their 1986 book, Ehrenreich, Hess and Jacobs comment that, but for the girls' hairstyles and clothing, the photos and footage of young Beatles fans in confrontation with police suggest a women's liberation demonstration from the late 1960s rather than a 1964 pop event. The authors add: "Yet if it was not the 'movement,' or a clear-cut protest of any kind, Beatlemania was the first mass outburst of the '60s to feature women – in this case girls, who would not reach full adulthood until the '70s – and the emergence of a genuinely political movement for women's liberation."[5] Derek Taylor, the band's press officer in 1964 and from 1968 until their break-up, described the relationship between the Beatles and their fans as "the twentieth century's greatest romance".[153]
The first band after the Beatles to receive widespread attention for its fan following in the UK was T.Rex,[154] a glam-rock group led by Marc Bolan.[155] In the early 1970s, the fan frenzy surrounding the band earned comparisons with Beatlemania and became known as "Bolanmania"[156] and "T.Rextasy".[155][157] Later in the decade, the British press coined the term "Rollermania" for female fans' adulation of the Bay City Rollers.[158] Writing in The Observer in 2013, Dorian Lynskey said, "the tropes of Beatlemania have recurred in fan crazes from the Bay City Rollers to Bros, East 17 to One Direction: the screaming, the queuing, the waiting, the longing, the trophy-collecting, the craving for even the briefest contact."[4] In their book Encyclopedia of Classic Rock, David Luhrssen and Michael Larson write that while boy bands such as One Direction continue to attract audiences of screaming girls, "none of those acts moved pop culture forward or achieved the breadth and depth of the Beatles' fandom."[159]
See also[edit]
- The Beatles: Eight Days a Week – 2016 documentary film on the Beatles' touring years
- Apple scruffs – a loosely-knit group of Beatles fans who were known for congregating outside the Apple Corps building and at the gates of Abbey Road Studios
- The Fest for Beatles Fans – twice-annual Beatles convention first held in New York in 1974
- Songs the Beatles wrote in reference or in response to their fans:
- ^ Lennon's son Julian was born on 8 April 1963. Lennon visited the hospital to see his wife and meet his new son for the first time, but he attempted to disguise himself to prevent people in the hospital from recognising him.[17]
- ^ Ed Sullivan was also among those held up at Heathrow. He was told the reason for the delay and responded: "Who the hell are The Beatles?"[35]
- ^ Since the 1920s, the US had dominated popular entertainment culture throughout much of the world, via Hollywood films, jazz, the music of Broadway and Tin Pan Alley, and the rock and roll that first emerged in Memphis.[81]
- ^ Dylan recalled in 1971: "I just kept it to myself that I really dug them. Everybody else thought they were for the teenyboppers, that they were gonna pass right away. But it was obvious to me that they had staying power."[102]
- ^ This development followed the controversy surrounding the original artwork for the US-only LP Yesterday and Today in June. Soon withdrawn and replaced with another group portrait, the "butcher" cover portrayed the grinning band members dressed in butcher's overalls accompanied by raw meat and mutilated plastic baby dolls.[123]
- ^ Hasted, Nick (2017). You Really Got Me: The Story of The Kinks. Omnibus Press. p. 425.
- ^ Simonelli 2013, pp. 19, 22–23.
- ^ a b Stanley 2014, p. 85.
- ^ a b c Lynskey, Dorian (28 September 2013). "Beatlemania: 'the screamers' and other tales of fandom". The Observer. The Guardian. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
- ^ a b c Ehrenreich, Barbara; Hess, Elizabeth; Jacobs, Gloria (14 December 1986). "Screams Heard 'Round the World". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
- ^ Doggett 2015, p. 323.
- ^ Johnson, Paul (28 February 1964). "The Menace of Beatlism". New Statesman.
- ^ "From the archive: The Menace of Beatlism". New Statesman. 2014.
- ^ A.J.W. Taylor (June 1966). "Beatlemania – A Study in Adolescent Enthusiasm". British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 5 (2): 81–88. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1966.tb00958.x.
- ^ Roberts 2001, p. 103.
- ^ Pawlowski 1990, pp. 119–122.
- ^ Miles 2001, pp. 88–89.
- ^ a b Murashev, Dmitry. "Beatles history – 1963 year". Dmbeatles.com. Archived from the original on 20 April 2009. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
- ^ Pawlowski 1990, pp. 117–185.
- ^ "The Beatles on Tour 1963 to 1966". Archived from the original on 6 May 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
- ^ Pawlowski 1990, pp. 136–137.
- ^ a b Pawlowski 1990, pp. 128–129.
- ^ Pawlowski 1990, p. 124.
- ^ Roberts 2001, p. 382.
- ^ Pawlowski 1990, pp. 125–132.
- ^ Miles 2001, p. 113.
- ^ Roberts 2001, p. 344.
- ^ Pawlowski 1990, pp. 132–133.
- ^ Pawlowski 1990, p. 132.
- ^ a b Lewisohn 2002, p. 48.
- ^ a b Pawlowski 1990, p. 146.
- ^ a b MacDonald 1998, p. 75.
- ^ Gilliland 1969, show 27, track 5.
- ^ Radio interview Archived 7 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Radio Tay AM. Accessed 26 May 2007
- ^ Video interview, The Courier. Accessed 7 October 2013
- ^ a b Wickman, Forrest (24 October 2013). "When Did "Beatlemania" Actually Start?". Slate Magazine. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
- ^ Lewisohn 2002, p. 46.
- ^ a b Miles 2001, p. 111.
- ^ a b Pawlowski 1990, p. 150.
- ^ Pawlowski 1990, pp. 175–176.
- ^ a b Doggett 2015, p. 321.
- ^ Pawlowski 1990, p. 151.
- ^ Pawlowski 1990, p. 153.
- ^ Doggett 2015, p. 322.
- ^ Gould 2008, p. 342.
- ^ Miles 2001, pp. 111–12.
- ^ "4 Nov 1963". Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Lipman, Maureen (28 August 2014). "Forty pairs of abandoned knickers: Maureen Lipman on the Fab Four in Hull". New Statesman. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
- ^ Pawlowski 1990, pp. 151, 159.
- ^ Lewisohn 2002, pp. 48–49.
- ^ Harry 2000, p. 225.
- ^ a b c d Gould 2008, pp. 1–2.
- ^ Gould 2008, p. 196.
- ^ a b c d Greenberg, Steve (7 February 2014). "How the Beatles Went Viral: Blunders, Technology & Luck Broke the Fab Four in America". billboard.com. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
- ^ "Being for the benefit of Mr. (Cron)Kite". Dailynightly.msnbc.msn.com. 18 November 1963. Archived from the original on 14 October 2010. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
- ^ The Beatles' first appearance on American TV -- NBC News. NBC Nightly News (News report). 21 November 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
- ^ "Remembering Walter Cronkite". cbsnews.com. 19 July 2009. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
- ^ a b CBS (16 January 2004). "Beatles' 'Helping Hand' Shuns Fame". CBS News. Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
- ^ a b Lewis, Martin (18 July 2009). "Tweet The Beatles! How Walter Cronkite Sent The Beatles Viral ... in 1963!". Huff Post. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
- ^ Lewisohn 1992, pp. 136, 350.
- ^ Stark 2005, p. 40.
- ^ Doggett 2015, pp. 321–22.
- ^ Pawlowski 1990, p. 175.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 458.
- ^ Gould 2008, p. 1.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 459.
- ^ Gould 2008, p. 3.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 462.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 464.
- ^ Gilliland 1969, show 28.
- ^ Kozinn, Allan (6 February 2004). "Critic's Notebook; They Came, They Sang, They Conquered". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
- ^ Gould 2008, p. 4.
- ^ a b Gould 2008, pp. 5–6.
- ^ Romanowski 2006, p. 214.
- ^ Gould 2008, pp. 216–219.
- ^ a b c Hamilton, Jack (18 November 2013). "Did JFK's Death Make Beatlemania Possible?". Slate. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
- ^ Schaffner 1978, p. 9.
- ^ Gendron 2002, p. 166.
- ^ Lewisohn 2002, p. 49.
- ^ "The Beatles Meet The Beatles! Chart History". billboard.com. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
- ^ MacDonald 2007, p. 417.
- ^ Caulfield, Keith; Trust, Gary; Letkemann, Jessica (7 February 2014). "The Beatles' American Chart Invasion: 12 Record-Breaking Hot 100 & Billboard 200 Feats". billboard.com.
- ^ a b c Szatmary, David P. (2014). Rockin' in Time: A Social History of Rock-and-Roll. Pearson. p. 105.
- ^ "The Beatles The Beatles' Second Album Chart History". billboard.com. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
- ^ Jovanovic 2004, pp. 11–14, 30.
- ^ Gould 2008, p. 9.
- ^ a b Gould 2008, p. 250.
- ^ Gilliland 1969, show 29.
- ^ Gould 2008, pp. 250–251.
- ^ Clayson 2003, p. 119.
- ^ Gould 2008, pp. 338–39.
- ^ Schaffner 1978, p. 31.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 509.
- ^ Gould 2008, pp. 230–232.
- ^ "The Beatles A Hard Day's Night (Soundtrack) Chart History". billboard.com. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
- ^ a b c d Gould 2008, p. 249.
- ^ a b Spitz 2005, p. 620.
- ^ Hibbert, Tom (June 1992). "Who the Hell Does Ringo Starr Think He Is?". Q. Available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).
- ^ Lovett, Daniel J. (2014). Anybody Seen Dan Lovett?: Memoirs of a Media Nomad. Balboa Press. p. 33. ISBN 9781452594200.
- ^ Davies, Hunter (2016). The Beatles Book. Random House. p. 577. ISBN 9781473502475.
- ^ "The Beatles banned segregated audiences, contract shows". BBC News. 18 September 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
- ^ Miles 2001, p. 166.
- ^ Miles 2001, p. 168.
- ^ a b Gould 2008, p. 341.
- ^ Doggett 2015, pp. 322–23.
- ^ Gould 2007, pp. 252–253.
- ^ Scaduto, Anthony (16 March 1972). "Bob Dylan: An Intimate Biography, Part Two". Rolling Stone.
- ^ Gould 2007, pp. 252–53.
- ^ a b c d Gould 2008, p. 281.
- ^ Badman 1999, p. 193.
- ^ Frontani 2007, p. 95.
- ^ a b Gould 2008, pp. 341–42.
- ^ Miles 2001, p. 213.
- ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 214.
- ^ Miles 2001, p. 215.
- ^ Leonard 2014, pp. 101–02.
- ^ Turner 2016, pp. 16–17.
- ^ Turner 2016, p. 22.
- ^ Turner 2016, p. 29.
- ^ Turner 2016, pp. 218–19, 231–32.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 619.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 623.
- ^ Turner 2016, p. 254.
- ^ The Beatles 2000, pp. 215, 220.
- ^ a b c d e Gould 2008, pp. 346–347.
- ^ a b Gould 2008, pp. 340–341.
- ^ Gilliland 1969, show 39.
- ^ Schaffner 1978, p. 55.
- ^ Miles 2001, p. 227.
- ^ Turner 2016, p. 106.
- ^ Gould 2008, p. 347.
- ^ Schaffner 1978, p. 58.
- ^ Frontani 2007, p. 123.
- ^ Gould 2008, pp. 5–6, 249–281, 347.
- ^ Doggett 2015, pp. 323–24.
- ^ Rodriguez 2012, pp. 17–18.
- ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 229.
- ^ Miles 2001, p. 244.
- ^ Miles 1997, pp. 293–295.
- ^ Leonard 2014, pp. 122–23.
- ^ Gould 2008, p. 373.
- ^ Stanley 2014, p. 205.
- ^ Turner 2016, pp. 319–20.
- ^ a b Schaffner 1978, p. 84.
- ^ Turner 2016, p. 374.
- ^ Miles 2001, p. 276.
- ^ Frontani 2007, p. 237.
- ^ Schaffner 1978, p. 99.
- ^ Gould 2008, p. 484.
- ^ a b Miles 2001, p. 303.
- ^ Schaffner 1978, p. 216.
- ^ Rodriguez 2012, pp. 184–185.
- ^ "It's Beach Boys Over Beatles: Reader Poll". Billboard. Vol. 78 no. 50. 10 December 1966. p. 10. ISSN 0006-2510.
- ^ Harry 2002, p. 714.
- ^ Gould 2008, p. 418.
- ^ Gould 2008, pp. 8–9.
- ^ Kimsey 2016, pp. 126, 173.
- ^ Frontani 2007, pp. 19, 224.
- ^ Morgan & Wardle 2015, p. 153.
- ^ a b Schaffner 1978, p. 151.
- ^ Clayson 2003, p. 226.
- ^ Woffinden 1981, p. 68.
- ^ Clayson 2003, p. 216.
- ^ Luhrssen & Larson 2017, p. 27.
- Badman, Keith (1999). The Beatles After the Breakup 1970–2000: A Day-by-Day Diary. London: Omnibus. ISBN 978-0-7119-7520-0.
- The Beatles (2000). The Beatles Anthology. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0-8118-2684-6.
- Clayson, Alan (2003). Ringo Starr. London: Sanctuary. ISBN 1-86074-488-5.
- Coleman, Ray (1987). Lennon. Mcgraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-011786-0.
- Doggett, Peter (2015). Electric Shock: From the Gramophone to the iPhone – 125 Years of Pop Music. London: The Bodley Head. ISBN 978-1-84792-218-2.
- Frontani, Michael R. (2007). The Beatles: Image and the Media. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-57806-966-8.
- Gendron, Bernard (2002). Between Montmartre and the Mudd Club: Popular Music and the Avant-Garde. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-28737-9.
- Gilliland, John (1969). "The British Are Coming! The British Art Coming!: The U.S.A. is invaded by a wave of long-haired English rockers" (audio). Pop Chronicles. University of North Texas Libraries.
- Gould, Jonathan (2008). Can't Buy Me Love: The Beatles, Britain and America. Piatkus Books. ISBN 978-0-7499-2988-6.
- Harry, Bill (2000). The John Lennon Encyclopedia. Virgin Books. ISBN 978-0-7535-0404-8.
- Harry, Bill (2000). The Beatles Encyclopedia: Revised and Updated. London: Virgin Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7535-0481-9.
- Jovanovic, Rob (2004). Big Star: The Story of Rock's Forgotten Band. London: Fourth Estate. ISBN 978-0-00-714908-7.
- Kimsey, John (2016) [2008]. "The Whatchamucallit in the Garden: Sgt. Pepper and fables of interference". In Julien, Olivier (ed.). Sgt. Pepper and the Beatles: It Was Forty Years Ago Today. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7546-6708-7.
- Leonard, Candy (2014). Beatleness: How the Beatles and Their Fans Remade the World. New York, NY: Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1-62872-417-2.
- Lewisohn, Mark (2002). "I Wanna Be Your Fan". Mojo Special Limited Edition: 1000 Days of Beatlemania (The Early Years – April 1, 1962 to December 31, 1964). London: Emap. pp. 44–49.
- Luhrssen, David; Larson, Michael (2017). Encyclopedia of Classic Rock. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood. ISBN 978-1-4408-3513-1.
- MacDonald, Ian (1998). Revolution in the Head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties. London: Pimlico. ISBN 978-0-7126-6697-8.
- Miles, Barry (1997). Paul McCartney: Many Years from Now. Vintage. ISBN 978-0-7493-8658-0.
- Miles, Barry (2001). The Beatles Diary Volume 1: The Beatles Years. London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-8308-9.
- Morgan, Johnny; Wardle, Ben (2015) [2010]. The Art of the LP: Classic Album Covers 1955–1995. New York, NY: Sterling. ISBN 978-1-4549-1806-6.
- Palmer, Robert (1982). Deep Blues: A Musical and Cultural History of the Mississippi Delta (paperback ed.). Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-006223-6.
- Pawlowski, Gareth L. (1990). How They Became The Beatles. McDonald & Co (Publishers) Ltd. ISBN 978-0-356-19052-5.
- Pedler, Dominic (2001). The Songwriting Secrets of the "Beatles". Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-7119-8167-6.
- Roberts, David, ed. (2001). The Guinness Book of British Hit Singles. Guinness World Records Ltd. ISBN 978-0-85112-156-7.
- Rodriguez, Robert (2012). Revolver: How the Beatles Reimagined Rock 'n' Roll. Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-1-61713-009-0.
- Romanowski, William D. (2006) [1996]. Pop Culture Wars: Religion and the Role of Entertainment in American Life. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock. ISBN 978-1-59752-577-0.
- Schaffner, Nicholas (1978). The Beatles Forever. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-055087-5.
- Simonelli, David (2013). Working Class Heroes: Rock Music and British Society in the 1960s and 1970s. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-7051-9.
- Spitz, Bob (2005). The Beatles: The Biography. Little Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-80352-6.
- Stanley, Bob (2014). Yeah! Yeah! Yeah!: The Story of Pop Music from Bill Haley to Beyoncé. New York, NY: W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-24269-0.
- Stark, Steven D. (2005). Meet the Beatles: A Cultural History of the Band That Shook Youth, Gender, and the World. New York, NY: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-000893-2.
- The Beatles; et al. (2000). The Beatles Anthology. Apple Corps. ISBN 978-0-304-35605-8.
- Turner, Steve (2016). Beatles '66: The Revolutionary Year. New York, NY: Ecco. ISBN 978-0-06-247558-9.
- Woffinden, Bob (1981). The Beatles Apart. London: Proteus. ISBN 0-906071-89-5.
Further reading[edit]
- André Millard, Beatlemania: Technology, Business, and Teen Culture in Cold War America. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012.


text:
*Pre-editor post (forgive any typos)
I was all jacked up to watch this game live. Couldn't wait. Had all my Bears gear on (mentally). Ready to watch the young cubs grow to full Bears!! The Bears kicked off to the Pats, and then Brady takes them right down the field like the Bears never played football before…a quick 7-0 New England lead…as I sat there going…"Well, this sucks. I knew the Bears didn't have a shot. Why did The Computer think the Bears could beat Belichick?"
Suddenly, it's 7-3, then a Cordarrelle Patterson fumble on the ensuing kick return and a quick TD later made it 10-7…another miscue and it's 17-7 Bears, and I'm like…"See, I knew the Bears had this. The Patriots are dead. The Bears are going to the Super Bowl."
The Bears kickoff to Patterson, again, and deploy the worst kick return coverage alignment in the history of football (let's kick to the right and all 11 of us go straight and cluster to the right side of the field…I'm sure Patterson won't figure out how to run the other, open, direction). CP takes it to the house. And the next thing I know…at the half, Patriots 21-17.
After the half…pop-pop-pop the Bears go right down the field and take a 24-21 lead. YES!!!
Before I could fully enjoy the Bears resurgence after the half…it wasn't long before it was a miserable 38-24 Pats lead with Trubisky dealing out picks to the secondary. The Bears did answer the bell with 6 minutes left…they got a turnover and then right down the field for a TD, 38-31 Pats with 3+ minutes remaining…but they couldn't stop the Pats from running down the clock. Trubisky heaves a final Hail Mary that is caught, one-half-yard short of the goal line. Pats win/Bears lose 38-31.
I had the same thought watching live as in my re-watch – I'm watching a future great team (the Bears) playing/developing like a new born foal…wobbly legs, trying to get their stability, soon to be standing tall…soon to be running fast and growing strong. They're not there yet but I can see their future as clear as my own hand to my face. I've watched too much football the last decade to not see this. It's coming. It's happening. They're not there yet. I don't know when they will be…probably the next step forward is like in 3-4-5 weeks with a couple easy wins coming and then if they knock down the Vikings Week 11. It's going to happen…this year, they're going to hit their stride -- but like the Rams last year…they'll make noise and then lose in the playoffs (or miss the playoffs final week), but you'll see that they're on the brink of something special. This Bears team is a generic brand of the Rams/2017 (and KC/2018) – close, but not the real thing.
I think it will take into 2019 because unlike the Rams and Chiefs, the Bears don't have that 'belief' yet because Trubisky still doesn't realize how great he is. He's never been 'the guy'…'the Mahomes' let off the leash. He's in the phase of going 1-2-3 plays showing a better-than-Mahomes version of play and then play #4 he'll regress back to game-manager/unsure/untrusting of his abilities and surroundings. Jared Goff fought through that last year, but Goff had and has way more natural confidence than Trubisky – Goff has been 'the guy' everywhere he's been. Trubisky never has, not really…so he's still trying to get used to being the Amazing Spiderman…doesn't have total control over his web shooting all the time, doesn't fully realize he can defeat bigger/scary-looking monsters with ease -- but he's getting there…quickly.
If the Bears win their next two vs. NYJ and BUF, and jump to 5-3…they should get to 9+ wins and be a playoff threat at minimum. You don't want to play this team down the stretch, as they get all their superpowers figured out. If they win their next two, we project 9-10 wins and an NFC North title battle with the Lions in the end (MIN and GB will fade off on schedule, maybe/possibly…both threats to get hot and take the title).
If you bet on the Bears, like me, and want that 6th and/or 7th win to get your payoff…it's coming. By Week 13 end they'll have 7 wins, if not sooner. Don't be rattled at the 3-3 record…they should be 5-1 or 6-0, and better than that – they are starting to discover themselves. It's a process, and bad losses come with it…whacking a worthy opponent will be the next sign you'll see of them stepping forward.
The Patriots are the Patriots. Headed to 12 wins and their whole world coming down to whether they get the #1 seed over KC or not. I still think this is the worst Patriots team I've seen in the last decade...but still 'the Patriots'. They're damn lucky they didn't lose to KC Week 6 and to the Bears here.
Fantasy Player Notes…
-- Mitchell Trubisky (26-50 for 333 yards, 2 TDs/2 INTs, 6-81-1) played an uneven game here, but it was an encouraging uneven game. 'Uneven' because he intermittently made bad decisions (not what you think, I'll explain) and sometimes looked like the best QB on the planet. Not many guys I can say 'looked like the best QB on the planet' and mean it…that's the great part of being a Bears fan – the future, what's to come.
The bad decisions were this – throwing to Josh Bellamy and not-ready-for-primetime Anthony Miller and Kevin White and Dion Sims a combined 14 times in a game and expect to beat the Patriots. 14 passes to that group…and 4 catches. Sims with a critical drop – you have to know Dion Sims has cement hands. You can't throw to him in crisis. Trubisky's two picks…both passes hit the hands of Bellamy (0-0-0/4) and Miller (2-35-0/7) before the DB then luckily grabbed the non-caught balls away from them. Throws to Bellamy-Sims-Miller in key spots literally cost the Bears the game…and they were mostly good-great-smart throws.
Trubisky will learn in times of crisis, you can't go to 'your guys' enough. Tarik Cohen had 12 targets…he should've had 25 targets versus throwing to those other jokers.
It's why Trey Burton (9-126-1/11) had such a big game. Trubisky needed something reliable and he pinpointed Burton with throws all game every time the Pats left him open between their zone. Trub should've went to Burton more than Dion F-ing Sims.
Cohen-Burton combined for 23 targets…which means Trubisky is 'getting it' for the most part. He's figured out Cohen is money. He'll continue to figure that out and use him like an Alvin Kamara/Tyreek Hill hybrid.
I keep harping on Trubisky's running ability and natural athleticism week-after-week-after-month-after year…and ta-da. You saw it here – he's also a running weapon. I'd argue that Trubisky has the size, arm, accuracy, release combo better than any QB in football (just not the best decision maker yet…he might be eventually). I'd also argue aside from Cam Newton, he may be the best running QB as well…with his size and speed.
Trubisky is about 'here'. To be trusted now week-to-week…a QB1. The price went up if you didn't get him prior, but he's still available because the ESPN crowd doesn't believe anymore than they believed in Jared Goff as he mowed things down the 2nd-half of last season.
-- It is Tarik Cohen's backfield (6-14-0, 8-69-1/12)…it's his offense. He's the showtime guy. Trubisky has figured that out…and there's still room for Cohen to grow for FF because he only plays half the snaps. Wait until he's used as an RB 50% of the offensive snaps and the other 50% as a WR -- instead of almost always an RB rotating too much in and out. He needs to be on the field all the time. That's the upside here…that these PPR numbers can go HIGHER than they've been as Cohen becomes Tyreek-ish.
Jordan Howard (12-39-1, 1-9-0/1) is a waste in this offense. He ran the ball first play of the game for the Bears…then didn't touch it the next 12 plays overt two series. He's an afterthought, a guy to give the ball to keep the defense honest. He's a buzzkill to the offense when he does get it.
Trubisky is a better runner…Cohen is a better runner, for this offense. Howard is an RB3.5 you HOPE gets a TD to be viable. He's LeGarrette Blount.
Sell out for Cohen, sell-off Howard. Howard for Kenyan Drake in PPR? Done. I'll take the Drake.
If you have both Howard+Cohen, keep that in case Cohen gets hurt, if you can.
-- The Patriots have their RB passing game all figured out…James White (11-40-0, 8-57-2/10) is a weapon on purpose. Now, he may see even more work the next week or two because Sony Michel is surely out for many weeks with his injury – if not gone for the regular season.
The Pats will likely deal for an RB now, but it will take a week or so to get them up to speed. All good for White the next week or two.
-- Here's the thing about Josh Gordon (4-100-0/7). From a fantasy perspective…I love that he's playing more. I love the team loves him. I love that the masses love him. But then I have this thought – I've not seen him make one play with New England or Cleveland where I went 'wow', the Patriots stole the next Randy Moss. He's not as impressive as the next Santana Moss (and he was pretty good) right now…and it's not a 'getting used to the offense thing'.
Gordon is playing fine, but not 'wow'. He's not making any plays where you drool over his athleticism…and go, "Man, when he 'gets it' he's going to be awesome." Example, you see Tarik Cohen and you go 'wow'! You see Mitchell Trubisky run the ball, and you immediately go 'wow, I didn't know'. I've watched Gordon all year and I've never once thought…wow'.
I keep waiting to see the 'wow', but all I see is 'good', 'nice', 'fine'. I expected 'wow'.
Do you see/think the same or am I nuts?
-- Trubisky has to find a way to get Taylor Gabriel (3-26-0/4) the ball more in times of crisis. I get that Allen Robinson (1-4-0/5) got hurt and extra coverage swung to Gabriel and also Gabriel got P.I.'d a couple of times a la Brandin Cooks…getting open so the DB had to do something, and we lose the FF scoring to the penalty. But Gabriel has to see the ball more than Anthony Miller does…you can't win with low Gabriel and heavy Anthony Miller and Josh Bellamy.
Allen Robinson is dying a fast death. He is to the passing game what Jordan Howard is to the Bears' running game – 'there', 'useful', but not important. That's why ARob has been on our 'sell high' list for weeks. Now, I'm not sure you can even sell him.
The death of ARob gives rise to Trey Burton, top 5-6 fantasy TE.
-- Two rookie IDPs to hit on from this game…
The Patriots pushed CB J.C. Jackson (1 tackles, 1 PD, 1 INT) in this game more than ever; his first real playing time. Jackson will eventually start for the Pats. He's really got a good nose for coverage. He had barely played all year until this game. He's pretty good. Find him on our IDP Dynasty Stash reports.
Bears' DT Bilal Nichols (4 tackles, 1 TFL) was the MVP of the 1st-half for the Bears here. It seemed like he corrupted the interior and got to the backfield in a flash on every key stop for the Bears defense. He's forced himself into a starting role…a 'free' stud DT for the stretch run for Chicago.
Snap Counts of Interest:
64 = Gabriel
60 = Robinson
52 = Miller
20 = White
19 = Bellamy
46 = Howard
42 = Cohen
63 = Edelman
61 = Gordon
42 = Hogan
08 = Dorsett
06 = Patterson
54 = K Mack
48 = Elandon Roberts
35 = Roquan Smith
34 = Bilal Nichols
31 = JC Jackson

subset: commoncrawl


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This privacy notice contains important information on who we are, how and why we collect, store, use and share personal information which you give to us or any that we may collect from or about you, your rights in relation to your personal information and how to contact us and the UK supervisory authority in the event you have a complaint.
ISKCON is committed to protecting the privacy and security of your personal information. This privacy notice describes how we collect and use personal information about you in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
Who we are
The International Society for Krishna Consciousness Limited (registration number ZA097058) which includes ISKCON Bhaktivedanta Manor are responsible for any personal data that you give to us, or any that we may collect from or about you. References in this Notice to "we" or "us" are to the entities listed.
Each of the listed entities are committed to protecting your privacy and are joint data controllers within the meaning of data protection laws applicable in the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA).
As joint data controllers, we have arrangements between us to ensure that we handle your personal data correctly and in accordance with data protection law. This arrangement reflects our respective roles and responsibilities in relation to you and considers which entity is in the best position to fulfil each obligation to you. This arrangement between us does not affect your rights under data protection law. For more information on these arrangements, feel free to contact us as set out under "Contacting Us" below.
This privacy notice lets you know what happens to any personal data that you give to us, or any that we may collect from or about you.
When we ask you for personal data, we will:
In return, we ask you to:
1. What kinds of personal data do we process about you?
We will process some or all of the following where necessary to perform our tasks:
2. How do we process your personal data?
ISKCON will comply with its legal obligations to keep personal data up to date; to store and destroy it securely; to not collect or retain excessive amounts of data; to keep personal data secure, and to protect personal data from loss, misuse, unauthorised access and disclosure and to ensure that appropriate technical measures are in place to protect personal data.
We use your personal data for some or all of the following purposes:
3. What is the legal basis for processing your personal data?
Most of our data is processed because it is necessary for our legitimate interests, or the legitimate interests of a third party (such as our Governing Body Commission). An example of this would be our safeguarding work to protect children and vulnerable adults. We will always take into account your interests, rights and freedoms.
Some of our processing is necessary for compliance with a legal obligation.
We may also process data if it is necessary for the performance of a contract with you, or to take steps to enter into a contract. An example of this would be processing your data in connection with our wedding services.
Religious organisations are also permitted to process information about your religious beliefs to administer membership or contact details.
Where your information is used other than in accordance with one of these legal bases, we will first obtain your consent to that use.
4. Sharing your personal data
Your personal data will be treated as strictly confidential. It will only be shared with third parties where it is necessary for the performance of our tasks or where you first give us your prior consent. It is likely that we will need to share your data with some or all of the following (but only where necessary):
How long do we keep your personal data?
We will keep some records permanently if we are legally required to do so. We may keep some other records for an extended period of time. For example, it is current best practice to keep financial records for a minimum period of 7 years to support HMRC audits. In general, we will endeavour to keep data only for as long as we need it. This means that we may delete it when it is no longer needed.
Your rights and your personal data
You have the following rights with respect to your personal data:
When exercising any of the rights listed below, in order to process your request, we may need to verify your identity for your security. In such cases we will need you to respond with proof of your identity before you can exercise these rights.
Transfer of Data Abroad
In some cases the personal data we collect from you may also be processed outside the European Economic Area (EEA) and such destinations may not have laws which protect your personal data to the same extent as in the EEA. We have obligations to ensure that your personal data processed by us or by ISKCON centres outside the EEA is treated securely and is protected against unauthorised access, loss or destruction, unlawful processing and any processing which is inconsistent with the purposes set out in this Notice.
Further processing
If we wish to use your personal data for a new purpose, not covered by this Privacy Notice, then we will provide you with a new notice explaining this new use prior to commencing the processing and setting out the relevant purposes and processing conditions. Where and whenever necessary, we will seek your prior consent to the new processing.
Contacting Us
Please contact the Data Protection Officer, if you have any questions about this privacy notice or the information we hold about you.
If you wish to contact our Data Protection Officer, please send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com, or write to: The DPO, Yogendra Sahu, Bhaktivedanta Manor Hilfield Lane, Aldenham, Herts WD25 8EZ.
Please contact us if you have any questions about this Privacy Notice or the personal information we hold about you or to exercise all relevant rights, queries or complaints. The General Data Protection Regulation also gives you right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority, in particular in the European Union (or European Economic Area) state where you work, normally live or where any alleged infringement of data protection laws occurred. The supervisory authority in the UK is the Information Commissioner who may be contacted at https://ico.org.uk/concerns/ or telephone: 0303 123 1113 or at the Information Commissioner's Office, Wycliffe House, Water Lane, Wilmslow, Cheshire SK9 5AF.
Changes to this privacy notice
This privacy notice was published on 24 May 2018.
We may change this privacy notice from time to time.


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Mushroom filled Vol-au-Vent Recipe
Mushroom filled Vol-au-Vent Recipe are well-known canapés created by Antonin Carême from the region of Paris (France). They are made from puff pastry, shaped into a small hollow case. The hollow case is filled with savory ingredients as well as sweet filling as well.
The word "Vol- au- vent" literally means "blown with the wind" because of the light flaky pastry. In France, it is served as an appetizer during the certain occasion.
Serve the Mushroom filled Vol-au-Vent Recipe as party appetizers for a festive occasion.
If you are looking for more Party appetizer here are some :
4 Servings
For the Vol-au-Vent (Puff Pastry)
- Puff Pastry Sheet For the filling
- 1 cup Button mushrooms , sliced
- 4 cloves Garlic , chopped
- 4 tablespoon Fresh cream
- 1 sprig Fresh Thyme leaves
- 1 teaspoon Red Chilli flakes
- 1 teaspoon Lemon juice
- Salt , to taste
- Whole Black Peppercorns , for seasoning
How to make Mushroom filled Vol-au-Vent Recipe
We begin making the Mushroom filled Vol-au-Vent Recipe by making the shape of the vol-au-vent first. So in order to do that keep your puff pastry ready (Click on the link to see how to make the puff pastry).
Pre-heat the oven at 200 degree Celsius for 15 minutes and keep it ready.
Roll the dough to 1-centimeter thickness, then using a small circular cookie cutter, cut the puff pastry dough into circles. Make extra circles to make the ring for vol-au-vent shapes.
Using one smaller circular cutter to make a ring shape with the extra circles. Place these ring on the circular-shaped dough, seal it using milk.
Refrigerate for 10 minutes, and brush some milk on the vol-au-vent and bake it for 15 minutes.
In the meantime heat a nonstick pan with oil, add the chopped garlic and mushroom and sauté till all the water is evaporated.
Then season it with thyme, chili flakes, salt and pepper. Once done add the cream and give it a stir.
Take out the vol-au-vent from the oven and grease honey using a pastry brush and keep it in the oven for 3 more minutes to give it a brown crust.
Once done take out the vol-au-vent and rest it outside for 2 minutes and using a spoon, spoon the mushroom mixture in the center.
Serve the Mushroom filled Vol-au-Vent Recipe as party appetizers for a festive occasion.
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Meegan MacQueen is the founder of Pay It Forward Tasmania, a not-for-profit Facebook page running on pure kindness! Almost 5,000 big-hearted folk have created a positive network, offering goods, services and support to anyone who needs them. And everything is given totally free of charge.
Pay It Forward Tasmania: Free Family Fun Festival
Meegan has issued an invitation to all Think Tasmania readers to attend a FREE family festival on Saturday November 30. The event itself will be free to enter and visitors can enjoy rides, entertainment and Tasmanian food and wine.
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The Captain Farris House
A Beautiful and Romantic Cape Cod Bed and Breakfast
Explore the Area
It's no surprise that nature lovers, beachgoers, and artists flock to Cape Cod. No other place compares to the stunning scenery and extraordinary attractions here! The Cape is a year-round paradise for anyone looking to escape the norm and trade up for a truly spectacular atmosphere. You can stroll along the shoreline with your sweetheart, go whale watching, tour historic lighthouses, and so much more. Check out our free Vacation Guide to see all of the possibilities and make the most of your time here!
Discover the Captain Farris House
There are so many fun things to do on Cape Cod, and the Captain Farris House is the best place to stay to experience them all. Our Cape Cod bed and breakfast dates back to 1849 and has been beautifully restored while maintaining its historic charm. Gorgeous gardens greet you upon arrival, and elegant spaces await you inside. Plus, our South Yarmouth bed and breakfast is in the perfect location for all your favorite activities and Cape Cod day trips!
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Step inside any of our guest rooms or suites and let the feelings of pure relaxation wash over you. We have several luxurious Cape Cod accommodations to choose from, and they all come with a suite of amenities and top-notch service that you can't find at your typical Cape Cod hotels. And, they feature unique designs and furnishings so that you can select your ideal retreat. Explore all the different options today and unwind in one of the most romantic places to stay in Yarmouth, MA!
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Thandai syrup is a traditional festive drink which is especially served on Holi and Maha Shivratri, and it is also good to drink a glass of Thandai in the morning during summers. It will keepContinue reading
Tag: Festival Food
Dry Fruit Gujiya
Holi seems incomplete without sweets, and when it comes to easy-make sweets, Gujiya is an all-time favorite. Soft flour pastry filled with sweet / savory filling of choice, Gujiya is typically made and served duringContinue reading
Thandai is a drink true to its name, the ultimate summer cooler and capable of saving from heat strokes during burning summer season. It is a traditional drink in India that's had and served during the festivalsContinue reading
Mysore Pak
Mysore Pak is a sweet delicacy that originated in South India, to be more precise Mysore (hence the name Mysore Pak). This awesome melt-in-the-mouth dessert has gram flour as its main ingredient. While its not very easy to makeContinue reading
Aate ka Halwa
Halwa is an Indian dessert that's dense and flavorful. A variety of Halwas are prepared throughout India with fruits, flours, and dry fruits. Considered auspicious, Halwas are usually prepared on festivals and special occasions. ThisContinue reading
Till ke Laddu
Wishing all our viewers a very Happy Lohri and Happy Makar Sakranti! This festival is marked with celebrations, singing, dancing and muching on Till (Sesame), Mungfali (Peanuts), Popcorns and Revdi. So here's a special recipeContinue reading
Motichur Laddu
Motichur laddu is a celebrating sweet and supposed to be most lovable to Lord Ganesha, hence making it an auspicious sweet to be used during poojas everywhere in India. It is also every ones favoriteContinue reading
Khandvi Rolls
It's festival time and with lots of guests visiting your home these days, it's the time to entertain them and serve some delicious dishes. Khandvi is a mouth watering traditional snack originated in Gujarat-India. ItContinue reading
Jalebi is one of the most loved traditional sweet delicacies in India. Crisp on the outside and filled with sweet syrup inside, Jalebi is the item of choice to accompany breakfast in many Indian regions.Continue reading


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Hr and employee relationship management
Employee Relations & Human Resources | Bizfluent
Better control how your organization tracks, investigates, and analyzes employee relations issues with HR Acuity's human resources management software. Employee relationship management refers to managing the relation between the employees in an organization. It includes various activities undertaken by the. As a branch of HR management, employee relations managers look out for the best interests of employees and assist employers with contract disputes and.
If any one has performed exceptionally well, do display his name on the bulletin board. Let everyone read it and get inspired to perform better next time.
Encourage morning meetings where individuals can come together and know each other well. Exchanging information through emails is also an important way to improve the relation among the employees as everyone knows what is being communicated to the other individual. Encourage group activities at the workplace.
Motivate individuals to work together probably in a group so that the comfort level increases. The more they talk, the more they get to know each other. They would definitely come closer this way and start trusting each other more. It is important to celebrate festivals at organization, the same way we do at our homes. Such informal get togethers go a long way in improving the relation among the employees. Families must also be invited for a better bonding.HR Hangout: Employee Relations and Discipline
The team leaders must ask their team members to take their lunch together so that they discuss other things apart from their daily work. Assign challenging work to your team members so that they feel motivated to deliver their level best.
Do not assign something which they do not find interesting.
The responsibilities must be divided equally among the team members and no employee should be overburdened. Every employee should be aware of his key responsibility areas to avoid confusions.
No way should the work get monotonous. The concept of workstations and cubicles must be promoted rather than closed cabins. People sitting in closed cabins tend to get cut off from rest of the employees in the organization and are generally lost in their own sweet world.
Role of HR in Employee Relationship
People sitting in workstations tend to talk to each other more often even in between work and thus relationship improves. Employees sitting together discuss many things and even share their secrets, thus the trust increases. It is commonly observed that if any of your colleagues sitting next to you is on leave for some days, you start missing him.
The employees must be motivated to avoid politics and blame games at work. Such activities are considered highly unproductive and spoil the relationship among the employees. Backbiting is a strict no no at the workplace. Avoid getting into unnecessary controversies and useless criticism at work. Respect your team members as well as your superiors.
It is important that one trusts his management rather than unnecessarily cribbing and finding faults. Avoid conflicts and try to adjust with each other. Last but not the least the superiors or the team leaders must not act pricy and try to dominate their team members.
No one should be afraid of his boss, instead treat him as his well-wisher and mentor who is always there to support him. The employees must be able to fall back on their team leader anytime. The team leader must understand the needs and expectations of his employees and should not be too harsh to them.
If they want a leave for a genuine reason, do grant them.
What Is Employee Relationship Management?
Research says that if the employees are satisfied with their job responsibilities, they tend to remain happy and avoid conflicts with each other. Organize various activities like potlucks and small get togethers at the workplace. Ask each one to bring some dish according to his taste and convenience. Let the employees enjoy together.
Employees tend to discuss lot many things apart from routine work in these kinds of informal get togethers. One day probably the last day of the month should be earmarked with the sole objective of celebrating birthdays falling in the particular month. For example all those born in the month of May should celebrate their birthdays together on the last day of the month i.
The HR should send a formal mail inviting all. Let everyone enjoy and have fun.
Employee Relationship Management
Divide individuals into groups and ask each group to do something. One group can probably be responsible for the decoration of the venue; the other group can take care of the cake as well as other eatables and so on. The HR person should ideally support each group to ensure that no one faces any difficulty in getting things organized. It is the responsibility of the human resources team to organize various events like sports day, annual day, green day etc. The employees must be encouraged to participate in these kinds of extra curricular activities.
Employees are able to relax this way and take a break from their routine work. Problems crop up when the work tends to become monotonous. Employees should enjoy coming to office, rather than treating work as a burden.
Send a congratulations mail as well. The human resource professional along with the supervisor can even hand over a small trophy as a token of appreciation to the top performers. Do this activity in the presence of all.


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From social media posting to processing lab samples, two local high school students are assisting with Taubman Institute tasks through "Summer19," a youth employment and mentoring partnership between U-M and local agencies.
Emoria Kimball, 17, and Josh Heningburg, 16, were matched with the institute after a "speed interview" night held at Washtenaw Community College in May. Their stint at U-M started in June and runs through late August.
Emoria, who aspires to own her own business someday, is spending the summer as the marketing and communications assistant, working with communications director Melissa Preddy on digital channels, the Taubman Prize media release and other communications duties. Josh, who is eyeing career options related to biological sciences, supports institute project manager Heidi IglayReger in areas ranging from data analysis to processing laboratory samples.
As part of the institute team, the Summer19 employees join meetings, participate in training and take part in enrichment activities such as campus tours. Taubman Institute Institute funds cover their salaries for time spent working and attending coaching sessions.
For the centerpiece of their Summer19 employment, the duo is researching and planning the Taubman Institute's booth for Michigan Medicine's Researchpalooza event. The August 15 expo is an opportunity for all Michigan Medicine departments to showcase their work at an outdoor festival aimed at engaging the larger U-M community in the process of medical research. Josh and Emoria plan to unveil an activity that will lure passersby to the institute booth to learn about TI programs in exchange for the opportunity to win prizes and claim handout swag.
Both students are completing their high school diplomas and simultaneously earning college credit through the Early College Alliance program at Eastern Michigan University. When she is away from the workplace, Emoria likes to travel, swim and watch favorite Neflix shows like "Stranger Things." In his free time, Josh enjoys hanging out with his friends, traveling, and listening to music. His favorite place to travel is NYC, because of all of the diversity and excitement.
"Working at a place where you know you're getting knowledge and education to enhance your future professional career is truly a blessing," said Emoria. "I'm learning so much and am glad for the opportunity to be a part of the Taubman Institute team. I'm looking forward to seeing my contributions at Researchpalooza!"


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