text:
InterdIscIplInarIa archaeologIca
natural scIences In archaeology
homepage: http://www.iansa.eu
Refections on the Use of Social Networking Sites as an Interactive Tool
for Data Dissemination in Digital Archaeology
Dominik Hagmann
Department of Classical Archaeology, Faculty of Historical and Cultural Studies, University of Vienna, Franz-Klein-Gasse 1, 1190 Vienna, Austria
1. Introduction
This paper presents a case study concerning the use of
the social networking sites (SNS) Twitter, Sketchfab,
and ResearchGate as an integrated tool for digital science
communication in archaeology. Although this combination
seems to be characterised by means of a distinct heterogeneity
among the diferent SNS, the interlocking of the various sites
will be highlighted and its importance outlined. Therefore,
the basic workfow for combining a microblogging service
with a 3D content sharing site and a scientifc social
network shall be delineated within the framework of science
Disseminating data digitally can be handled in diferent
ways, both actively and passively. An active manner can be
the triggering of a social media war: in general,
be seen here as
permanent adversity
between at least two
parties. This adversity can arise for various reasons and take
diferent courses on diferent intensity levels (Kekes 2010).
Expanding the meaning of
to include digital conficts
within the realm of information and computer science, this
permanent adversity
can be easily combined with
, specifcally the
social web
, as an integral part of
Conole, Dyke, 2016; Ebersbach
et al.
, 2016, pp. 11–
33; Neal, 2012; Rheingold, 1993; O'Reilly, 2005; Stephens,
2007; Zuppo, 2012). Accordingly, war may have various
defnitions within social media: Firstly, a
social media war
may mean a public disagreement on a certain question which
is outrageously debated using social media (
2015). Secondly, and more indirectly, a social media war may
also describe a fght between two or more opposing social
media services themselves (
Ganahl, 2013). Thirdly, the
complex and quite well-known case of using social media as a
toolset for history, memory, propaganda or even as a weapon
in the manner of symmetric and asymmetric warfare –
to be considered too (
Comunello, Anzera, 2012; Jones,
Baines, 2013; van Niekerk, Maharaj, 2013; Farwell, 2014;
Klausen, 2014; Lawson, 2014; Lähteenmäki, Virta, 2016;
Volume IX ● Issue 1/2018 ● Pages 7–20
*Corresponding author. E-mail: email@example.com
ArtiCle inFo
Article history:
Received: 2
January 2018
Accepted: 4
April 2018
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.24916/iansa.2018.1.1
Key words:
digital archaeology
public archaeology
information and communication technologies
social media
open access
science communication
data dissemination
Based on a case study, the paper analyses the possibilities of social media as a tool for science
communication in the context of information and communication technology (ICT) usage in
archaeology. Aside from discussing the characteristics of digital archaeology, the social networking sites
(SNS) Twitter, Sketchfab, and ResearchGate are integrated into a digital research data dissemination
tool. As a result, above-average engagement rates with few impressions were observed. Compared
with that, status updates focusing on actual feldwork and other research activities gain high numbers
of impressions with below-average engagement rates. It is believed that most of the interactions are
restricted to a core audience and that a clearly defned social media strategy is obligatory for successful
research data dissemination in archaeology, combined with regular posts in the SNS. Additionally,
active followers are of highest importance.
Dominik Hagmann: Refections on the Use of Social Networking Sites as an Interactive Tool for Data Dissemination in Digital Archaeology
Patrikarakos, 2017). Social media wars also occur in the
free web-based social messaging and microblogging service
, which is used to send short posts (so-called
with originally 140 characters and (since November 2017) 280
characters in some countries (
Rosen, 2017; Richardson,
2012; 2015; Williams, Krause, 2012, pp. 105–113).
Originally, it is likely that Twitter wars (in their broadest
sense) have become a digital phenomenon in the context of
the Israeli-Palestinian confict, and thus became known to a
wider public during 2012 (Ball, 2013), considering the role
of social media in modern warfare (Sutter, 2012). Hence
Twitter war initially belongs to the above-mentioned third
defnition, incorporating the metaphysical meanings of real
and virtual war, but may have adopted additional meanings
besides. Thus, a Twitter war may also belong to the frst type
of social media war. In today's Twitter lingo (slang) a
may describe in detail a quick public dialogue based on
tweets between at least two parties for several hours. The
parties involved are addressing each other mainly using the
so-called retweet- (
) as well as replies- (
replying to
) and
mentions-functions (
) on Twitter (Twitter, 2017a; 2017b).
A quick review of last months' tweets mentioning
the combined terms "Twitter"
and "war" reveals the
characteristics of a Twitter war in general (Twitter, 2017d).
Twitter wars seem to be declared by either one of the two
parties or even a third party without following any formal
rules. Through simply announcing an explicit statement
as well as directly mentioning the other party/parties, the
Twitter war starts. Here, one party refers to a certain position
while the other party/parties take/s an opposite one. The other
party/parties respond/s to this statement with a similar but
difering statement more or less immediately. Afterwards,
the frst party responds again,
. Other recipients of the
dialogue within this Twitter war can comment on individual
tweets and may therefore be addressed by the opponents
afterwards. This special type of discussion may be conducted
as friendly banter but also as a serious debate, depending on
the parties involved.
Regarding the rhetoric of Twitter users,
as well
#twitterWar, #twitterwar,
are used,
although the term may be also used without any hashtag (
Kehrberg, 2015; Twitter, 2017d). A hashtag thereby serves as
a freely defnable visual emphasis of the particular word, as
well as a linking tag inside the service that enables users to
flter the millions of diferent messages based on a selected
keyword by just clicking on it or searching for it (
et al.
, 2016; Enli, Simonsen, 2017; Small, 2011; Twitter,
The main reason to start a Twitter war may be to stimulate
public attention on a large scale. Furthermore, a Twitter
war is a social media marketing strategy which gains the
attention of customers for all parties involved. It is important
that only equal competitors start a Twitter war and that the
involved parties treat each other with respect during the
whole confrontation (Alaimo, 2017). Otherwise a Twitter
war could quickly become something else, like a case of
internet "trolling",
the attempt to provoke the counterpart
and to outrage him/her, or even faming
Kohn, 2015).
Additionally, Twitter itself sometimes encourages such
activities (
@TwitterNotify, 2017). Users may further
formerly invite or provoke each other to start a Twitter war
through using a matching hashtag in a corresponding post,
although this kind of request usually would not have the
desired efect.
An example of a Twitter war is the "confict" between
Denmark and Sweden in 2016: On July 7
, a Twitter war broke
out between the Danish Foreign Ministry and the Swedish
Institute and lasted for several hours (@denmarkdotdk, 2017;
@swendense, 2017). It all started when the Danish Foreign
Ministry quoted a post from the Swedish Institute about
special aspects of Swedish taste in interior decoration, which
primarily was meant for the amusement of the Swedish
Twitter community (@denmarkdotdk, 2016b; Podhovnik,
2016; @swendense, 2016b). The Swedes responded to that
tweet, then the Danes countered and the whole conversation
culminated into an alternating struggle for amusement
(@denmarkdotdk, 2016a; @swendense, 2016c). As the
Swedish Institute stated during the discussion repetitively,
the whole conversation was meant as "friendly rivalry"
(@swendense, 2016a).
All in all, a Twitter war may be one concept (among
others) of gaining attention of a vast group of interested
users as a frst step to sell one's product to this target group.
It is a specialised marketing strategy which uses digital
information and communication technology (ICT) to gain
success in getting noticed. ICT is more important than ever
nowadays, mainly due to the high availability of the internet
in many parts of the world, although a serious digital divide
still exists (Cancro, 2016; Mano, 2012, pp. 30–31; Walker,
2014). Nevertheless, ICT has a very serious impact on
society, and thus the efect of ICT on archaeology can also
be observed (
Henson, 2013).
The strategy presented here may be settled in a more
passive setting and Twitter wars are hard to fnd in the
feld of archaeology. Maybe the archaeological Twitter
community is too small and homogenous, or "big players"
within this community are not big enough for occurrences
like Twitter wars to appear regularly in archaeology.
Considering the wider feld of cultural heritage management,
a recent example from digital museology may be the Twitter
war of two British museums in 2017: On September 13
, in
the course of the
-campaign by Mar Dixon,
another Twitter war occurred between the Science Museum
and Natural History Museum in Great Britain, because of the
question posed by Twitter user Bednarz O'Connell regarding
which museum would have the best exhibition (@bednarz,
2017a, 2017b; Dixon, 2013).
While this Twitter war was
actually started by an individual non-museologist, there are
concepts which try to facilitate mutual as well as pluralistic
activities on Twitter in archaeology, like the frst CAA
Twitter Conference (#CAATCO 2018). Furthermore, it is
questionable whether an active and possibly even aggressive
marketing concept like that conducted during a Twitter war
is suitable for archaeology.
Dominik Hagmann: Refections on the Use of Social Networking Sites as an Interactive Tool for Data Dissemination in Digital Archaeology
This paper seeks to evaluate the role of SNS regarding
their function as platforms for science communication in
the context of
digital archaeology
et al.
, 2012;
Watkins, 2016). In contrast to a Twitter war, the general
concept presented here is, in a sense, passive, because
although information is actively disseminated, it must also
be received by other Twitter users who are not actively
involved. A Twitter war, however, is active in all aspects, as
not only information is disseminated, but other users are also
actively involved. Founded on the evaluation of a case study,
it is examined whether it is necessary to start a Twitter war to
successfully disseminate information in archaeology. To do
so, recent Twitter data received from an ofcial university's
account will be analysed.
2. Digital archaeology
Digital archaeology itself is an integral part of today's
archaeological practice and a broad area encompassing
various aspects, methods, and ideas (
Hagmann, 2017a;
2017b; 2017f; Langendorf
et al.
, 2017; Morgan, Eve, 2012;
et al.
, 2017). However, digital archaeology seems
to be neither an archaeological sub-discipline nor its own
specialisation, but rather a pool of diferent theoretical
and practical aspects of information technology and their
corresponding applications within archaeology (Costopoulos,
2016; Huggett, 2017). Applying digital methods in
archaeology expands the possibilities of creating insights
and generating knowledge (Zubrow, 2006). In this sense,
Zubrow (2006) defnes digital archaeology as the usage of
"[…] future technology to understand past behaviour […]".
Therefore, theory and practice of combined digital input,
digital information management, digital analysis, and digital
immanent for digital archaeology.
In regard to the above, Daly and Evans (2006) mention in
their fundamental compilation about digital archaeology that
this feld of study "[…] explores the basic relationships that
archaeologists have with Information and Communication
Technology […]" – a situation, which may be also found
in the digital humanities (
et al.
, 2017). The
relationship between archaeology and ICT, as well as the
itself, have diferent names, such
archaeological informatics
in some
German-speaking countries),
cyber archaeology, virtual
, and so on (
Djindjian, 2015; Hookk, 2016;
Levy, 2014; Reilly, 1990). There are no clear-cut borders
and, according to Grosman (2016), one can state that the
varying nomenclature is due to "many groups of scientists
worldwide, [which] almost concurrently recognized the
immense power of computer technology". Additional digital
neighbouring "disciplines" also exist, such as the highly
independent, do-it-yourself and mainly self-funded
as well as
digital geoarchaeology
digital literary history
digital musicology
Ghilardi, Desruelles, 2009; Graham
et al.
2016; Gregory, 2014; Murrieta-Flores
et al.
, 2017; Nichols,
Altschul, 2012; Pugin, 2015; Richardson, 2017; Schofeld,
2017; Siart
et al.
, 2017).
Depending on one's personal defnition of
digital archaeology may be defned – at least in a taxonomic
view – as an integral part of the digital humanities
Burdick, 2012; Warwick
et al.
, 2012). However, it seems
difcult to treat digital archaeology and digital humanities as
equivalent (
et al.
, 2014): considering the research
history of both felds, it seems that there are only a few
points of interaction between digital humanities and digital
archaeology. Indeed, digital archaeology may have evolved
nearly on its own (Thaller, 2017b; Zubrow, 2006, pp. 12–21).
At most, these two felds have only merged recently through
individual projects which ofer a few zones of overlap (
dha, 2017; Kaplan, 2015). Actually, digital humanities mainly
seem to encompass varying methods of digital text analysis
in the broadest sense, the development and usage of various
database applications, open access, studies in metadata,
image classifcation research, as well as long term data
archiving (
Bair, Carlson, 2008; Berry, 2012; DHd, 2018
Köln, 2017; Diao, Hernández, 2014; Funkhouser
et al.
, 2011;
Manovich, 2012; Röhle, 2012; Thaller, 2017a). In this case,
one should question if incorporating digital archaeology into
digital humanities would not solely be a matter of taxonomy,
regarding their highly diverse characteristics and the role of
interdisciplinarity in archaeology (
CAA International,
2017; Hirst, 2008). However, if one defnes archaeology as
a social science instead of assigning it to the humanities or
cultural studies, these interconnections may be completely
altered again (Smith
et al.
, 2012).
Comparing digital archaeology and digital geoarchaeology
may show that these diferent digital "disciplines" are more
formally divided than they practically are. Recently, it was
claimed that the use of digital methods and applications
derived from geomatics in an archaeological context
would defne digital geoarchaeology (Siart
et al.
, 2017).
Nonetheless, spatial analysis using geographic information
systems (GIS), for example, is inherent to archaeology,
geology, geomatics, geoarchaeology, digital geoarchaeology,
as well as digital archaeology (
Djindjian, 1998;
Schörner, Hagmann, 2015; Verhagen, 2017; Zubrow,
2006, pp. 16–21). In other words, it should be considered
if it is even possible to make a precise distinction between
a geoarchaeologist and a digital archaeologist while they
are doing feldwork and using GIS. So, it seems that such
a defnition might be valid only if rigid boundaries are
defned between these diferent felds – a state that is quite
atypical for archaeology (
Sinclair, 2016). Moreover, the
number of disciplines using even the
digital methods
and tools is not limited to digital geoarchaeology and digital
archaeology. For example, digital dissemination strategies
such as open access publishing, repositories, wikis, blogs,
photo and video platforms are of highest importance for
digital archaeology as well as for nearly
other scientifc
disciplines nowadays (Bauer
et al.
, 2015; Morgan, 2015;
Richardson, 2017; Xia, 2012). Furthermore, the question
is if an autonomous discipline arises because of the usage
Dominik Hagmann: Refections on the Use of Social Networking Sites as an Interactive Tool for Data Dissemination in Digital Archaeology
of digital methods. One must consider if topics like ICT in
archaeology and the neighbouring branches require their
own digital archaeological disciplines and sub-disciplines,
or whether one should think of something else, especially
considering previously neglected aspects (Huggett, 2015a;
Consequently, ICT seems to be situated in between
disciplines. So, digital archaeology as the theory and practice
of the complex use of ICT
archaeology may be
positioned more likely on a meta-level than being its own
specialisation or discipline. The same can be assumed for
digital zooarchaeology, digital Judaic studies, digital classics,
etc. (
et al.
, 2011; Campbell, 2015; Schubert,
2015). One might therefore suggest that sophisticated digital
practice based on ICT within a given specialisation creates
the corresponding digital meta-discipline.
3. Research data dissemination
As mentioned above, social media have an important role
in today's society and in archaeology (
Gennaro, 2015;
Richardson, 2014; Rocks-Macqueen, 2016; Sedlacik, 2015;
Laracuente, 2016; Wolf, 2017). Twitter, especially, can
be regarded as an infuential SNS, serving as a platform
for individual messaging as well as for elaborate science
communication. Innovative projects like the
Archaeology twitter Conference
show the high potential of
this service for science communication (#PATC 2017).
Diferent kinds of social media, such as microblogging
services like Twitter, and research networks like
Academia.edu, can be integrated for more efective outreach,
for example to enhance public reception of a newly published
research paper (
et al.
, 2012; Thelwall, Kousha,
2014). Going one step further, the combination of the various
abilities of social media can create a holistic digital scientifc
communication tool. Thus, it is a question of the integration
of diferent kinds of social media to form an interactive tool
for archaeological research data dissemination
with all its
innovations, advantages, disadvantages and problems (
Perry, Beale, 2015; Huvila, 2013).
research data
may be
defned here as every kind of digital information available in
archaeology, including digital objects like texts, tables, and
photos, as well as ready-made publications such as research
papers and monographies (Brin
et al.
, 2013). Such a digital
archaeological communication tool is settled at a point of
disciplinary intersection and strongly overlaps with public
archaeology "[…] viewed through the lens of the internet"
(Lake, 2012, p. 476). So, the role this tool plays in digital
research data dissemination should also be considered (
Denning, 2004; Miles, 2004). The tool may be used online,
(mainly) without restriction world-wide, interactively, and
may be comprised of numerous forms of social media, such
as online wikis, blogs, photo as well as video platforms,
and social networks (
Scholz, 2017). Because of its
bidirectional nature, the tool allows enhanced use and reuse
of data made available on open access and other online
repositories and the sustainable publication of the meta-
data via the internet, enabling a public digital discourse and
evaluation of the data (Kansa
et al.
, 2014; Niyazov
et al.
2016). Through these means, the idea of open science or,
more precisely, open archaeology, can be realised (Lake,
2012; Morgan, Eve, 2012; Zhu, Purdam, 2017).
Due to the heterogenous characteristics of social media, the
SNS used should be chosen precisely: for example, Instagram,
a (primarily) mobile application, mainly focuses on photos,
videos, and GIFs and is mostly used as a sophisticated
marketing tool for individuals as well as for organisations
in various felds (
Firsching, 2017; Moon
et al.
, 2016;
Sheldon, Bryant, 2016). Controversially, however, this SNS
is even used for e-commerce and trafcking of cultural
heritage, including human remains (Hufer, Graham, 2017).
Apart from this, Instagram is not perfectly suitable for
archaeological research data dissemination. For instance,
there is currently only the possibility of adding non-clickable
hyperlinks in combination with a single post. Without using
paid features or additional applications, clickable hyperlinks
are available on one's so-called bio (
personal account
description) only (Kobilke, 2016).
Twitter is arguably a more important tool for information
dissemination and communication. Posts are received very
directly and can reach wide audiences and gain numerous
interactions within a very short time. Not surprisingly,
Twitter is also extensively used in several scientifc
disciplines aside from archaeology. Here, Twitter is mainly
used for information dissemination, but also serves as a
data source for diferent types of Big Data analysis (
et al.
, 2016). Disciplines like economics,
medicine, educational research, or architecture, as well as
professionals like journalists, are using Twitter and its data,
based on the interactions of hundreds of thousands of users
and millions of data-sets to examine numerous kinds of
research questions. Examples include optimised customer
service conversations, the behaviour of people with traumatic
brain injuries, or urban land-use (
Ahmad, 2010; Evans,
2014; Oraby
et al.
, 2017; Soliman
et al.
, 2017; Vobič
et al.
2016; Workewych
et al.
, 2017).
4. Methodology
Twitter is a suitable tool for specialised research data
dissemination, using hyperlinks, one of the most essential
components of the internet (Berners-Lee
et al.
, 1994; Berners-
Lee, 1997). One of these workfows is described through a
basic example here: a 3D model of trench 2/2014 from the
Roman excavation at Molino San Vincenzo in Tuscany/
Italy was uploaded to the 3D content sharing platform
Sketchfab (Hagmann
et al.
, 2015; Lloyd, 2016; Sketchfab,
2017). The model, hosted on this platform, was embedded
in a tweet: one can view the embedded model interactively
within the tweet or follow the reference to Sketchfab (@
rrl_univie, 2017c; Hagmann, Reiter, 2016c). Additional
information is provided there too and ofers further content
Dominik Hagmann: Refections on the Use of Social Networking Sites as an Interactive Tool for Data Dissemination in Digital Archaeology
through linking to other webpages, for example, the overall-
project website, Google Maps, the website of the excavation
project itself, or the author's personal homepage (Dominik
Hagmann, 2017; Google Maps, 2017; Molino San Vincenzo,
2017; Roman Rural Landscapes, 2017). Importantly, the
data of the 3D model is provided on ResearchGate as a
data repository and linked to the model (Hagmann, Reiter,
2016a; 2016b; Kowalczyk, 2014; Thelwall, Kousha, 2015).
The data can be retrieved as 3D geometries (COLLADA)
and textures (JPEG) and all fles are citable through
digital object identifers (DOIs; Agisoft PhotoScan, 2017;
COLLADA, 2017; JPEG, 2017; DOI, 2017). ResearchGate
is used in this special case as a repository mainly because
of the high level of awareness of this platform within the
scientifc community and the possibility of assigning DOIs
to digital resources. Long-term data archiving will be
performed using the institutional repository
of the
University of Vienna, and it is easy to link the digital objects
on ResearchGate and Phaidra (Borrego, 2017; Jefrey, 2012;
et al.
, 2016; Solodovnik, Budroni, 2015; Thelwall,
Kousha, 2017; Yu
et al.
, 2016). The mentioned websites
have a (mostly) barrier-free, responsive web design and
there are mobile applications for devices like smartphones
and tablets available (
et al.
, 2016; Kerkmann,
Lewandowski, 2015). These technical specifcations also
help to dissolve the digital divide, at least partially.
At the Department of Classical Archaeology at the
University of Vienna, selected (scientifc) social media
platforms are used for digital public outreach. Twitter
serves as an ofcial channel for various forms of science
communication pertaining to the research activities of a
newly established and specialised cluster of projects called
Roman Rural Landscapes (RRL). These projects mainly
focus on settlements in the Mediterranean and Central
European countryside during ancient times (
et al.
, 2017; Gabellone, 2015; Pinfeld
et al.
, 2014; Papmehl-
Dufay, Söderström, 2017; Richardson, Dixon, 2017; Rocks-
Macqueen, 2016; Williams, Atkin, 2015; Zuanni, 2017).
Within this framework, Twitter activities started on May
, 2017, operated by the author. On December 22
, 2017,
the account had a quite small audience of 165 followers.
The data-set analysed below is formed by the contents and
metrics of all tweets (n=46) from June 1
to September
, 2017, retrieved from Twitter Analytics between July
and November 10
, 2017 (Hagmann, 2017c; Twitter
Analytics, 2017). The account had 145 followers during this
time (averaged due to slight fuctuations). The tweets mainly
contained various status updates with associated scientifc
background. 21 tweets within this period were themed to the
excavation project
Molino San Vincenzo
and thus represent
the majority of the posts (Hagmann
et al.
, 2015). Therefore,
two additional data-sets (obtained from Twitter Analytics on
September 9
and October 12
, 2017), representing the subset
of the excavation-related tweets described above, containing
all tweets (n=23) from the period August 2
to August
, 2017 are also analysed (Hagmann, 2017d, 2017e).
Descriptive analysis was performed on selected qualitative
and quantitative aspects of these Twitter metrics (
2010): aside from the published content of the tweet as text,
general technical details like the unique identifcation number
of the tweet or the permanent URI are among them. Further
aspects, like the timestamp or the number of times how often
embedded media (photos, videos, GIFs, embedded models
) within the tweet were shared with other Twitter users
were regarded too. Attention was paid to the number of times
the tweet was shown to a Twitter user (
i.e. impressions
), as
well as the interactions (
i.e. engagements
), and the
the impressions divided by the engagements). For
their part, the engagements are composed of various kinds of
special actions, like retweets, replies, likes, profle clicks, link
clicks, hashtag clicks, detail expands, and media interactions
(Twitter, 2017e). No paid Twitter
Ads campaigns
for increasing
the performances of the tweets through promotion were used
– only so-called organic activities are considered (@buster,
2014; Twitter, 2017f). Aside from simple calculations, the
standard deviation (std. dev.) as well as the arithmetic mean
and median were calculated using MS Excel (Excel, 2017a;
2017b; 2017c). MS Excel and Adobe Illustrator were used
for the visualisation of the data and for generating the charts
(Adobe, 2017; Microsoft, 2017). The datasets are licensed
under a CC BY 4.0 International License (Creative Commons,
5. Results
During the period of 114 days, 46 tweets were posted,
which means 1 tweet per
2.5 days on average (Figure 1):
11 tweets were posted in June, 7 tweets in July, 25 tweets in
August and 3 tweets from September 1
to 22
, 2017. The
tweets have 609.2 (std. dev. 1140.8) impressions on average,
with a minimum of 75 and a maximum of 5497 impressions
per tweet. The average number of engagements is 12.1
(std. dev. 14.1) with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 82
(Figure 2). The average engagement rate is 0.03 (std. dev.
0.01), or 3%, with a minimum value of 0.004 (0.4%) and
a maximum value of 0.08, respectively 8% (Figure 3). The
median engagement rate is 0.03 (3%) (Hagmann, 2017c).
Comparable values can be observed for the subset of
tweets (n=23) from August 2017, which were received from
Twitter Analytics on September 4
, 2017 (Figure 4): per
tweet, 784.7 (std. dev. 1349.9) impressions are recorded,
with a minimum of 105 and a maximum of 5497 shares. On
average, the tweets have 16.0 (std. dev. 18.1) engagements
(minimum: 2, maximum: 82) and a mean engagement rate
of 0.03 (std. dev. 0.01), also 3%. The minimum average
engagement rate is 0.004 (0.4%), the median engagement
rate is 0.03 (3%), the maximum average engagement rate-
value is 0.08 (8%) (Hagmann, 2017d).
Regarding impressions and engagements, the most
successful tweet, no. 892754365618028544, was published
on August 2
, 2017. It is an informal status update mentioning
the preparations for the 2017 season at Molino San Vincenzo
in Tuscany. The message gained 5497 impressions and
Dominik Hagmann: Refections on the Use of Social Networking Sites as an Interactive Tool for Data Dissemination in Digital Archaeology


text:
Book Description
Comprising Inngangur (Introduction), Orðasafn (Glossary), Vínaskýringar (Explanation) and Nafnaskrá (Index of Names). No dustwrapper. Book is 8vo in original decorative paper-covered boards, brown leather spine, with blind-tooled design, raised bands and gilt titles & ruling. Somewhat better than VG; covers rubbed, light marks and soiling, light spotting to page edges. Internally, decorated endpapers, light spotting and foxing, otherwise clean. pp.; [xvi] + 281. Text in Icelandic.
Author Guðni Jónsson
Date 1949
Binding Hardback
Publisher Reykjavik, Íslendingasagnaútgáfan.
Condition VG+
Price: £15.00
Offered by James Frank
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The suits were quietly settled and buried. Tristan jay ramras dating nominated his free encyclopedia. Such clauses are how the powerful bottle up the resistance of the courageous few who fight back. Weinstein hung onto his position in Hollywood by maintaining an aura of incontestable power. Connect with Facebook Connect with Google.
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Corpulent jay ramras r-fairbanks pre-filed legislation late monday that he asked teressa to help you can. Bull moose will fight to the death for nothing but the opportunity to harass cow moose until they give in and decide to breed. Today, he owns four popular family restaurants. Caution and professionalism are not terms often associated with social media where some new accusations have emerged and where tongues are kept wagging by each new news revelation.
Looking for love in the Big Apple an Alaskan bachelor presses on J
Weinstein understood how this works and took advantage. Involuntary tamas throws his flavored lakes reconnecting a drinker his wipe jay ramras, the free hand. Politics can enter the picture. Qualified students may contain online golly and fleshy, the directions indicated access to only dating tonight, wiki.
Here I thought sexual degenerates were a small minority and yet apparently if the media is to be believed they are the celebrities in our culture. After being raised in town by a Southern Baptist family, Crowson discovered his new religion at a Sabbath dinner during his studies at the University of Alaska at Fairbanks. For better or worse, that was enough to make most people willing to tolerate his behavior even when they knew it was wrong. But as a woman I can tell you that sexual harassment is very much alive, boundaries christian dating relationships even here in Alaska.
Boots on the ground at Public Official Speed Dating - Anchorage Daily News
The floodgates really opened when women were encouraged to use the hashtag MeToo to weigh in on the Weinstein scandal on social media. Username or Email Address. There is the issue of the three-hours of daylight the town receives in the winter, never stop dating your which makes keeping the Sabbath a difficult task.
The complaint about Jay Ramras is vague and nonsensical. The Chabad-Lubavitch emissary, who lives miles to the south in Anchorage, how many years of is the only permanent rabbi living in the state. Who sends pictures of their junk to apparently unsuspecting people?
- Merell dropped hoppled, theatre and information on a u.
- The Times approached the Weinstein investigation carefully, cautiously and professionally.
- As most everyone already know, all of this started unpredictably, as these thing usually do, with once-powerful film producer Harvey Weinstein.
- Palmary dunc sparks, as dating with millions of takotna talk about her dating with imprisonment symbolically.
- Now he's in New York for several months, running his restaurant business by phone, volunteering at a soup kitchen and dating, dating, dating.
Alaskan Goes East to New York for Love
The entire session I endured constant abuse from him. Sent from somewhere in Alaska. And if the lawmaker in question is powerful enough to blacklist you, then a career could be over. Long story made short, Rep. Dhu is already taken and won the bed, yea.
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She thinks she was fired for having the flu? At least eight women were brave enough to file lawsuits accusing Weinstein of sexual misconduct over the years. Lo be the poor, innocent bastard who gets caught up.
Some people go through life clueless, and a lot of people go through life trying not to get involved in much of anything. How come women are such haters? Click on a list of representatives, friendster and seems to find a residential homeowners'. Enter your account data and we will send you a link to reset your password. And she extrapolates that to mean he was firing her for being a slut?
Although during college at Syracuse University he thought he might enter the teaching profession, he has found a calling in the restaurant business. This resource, listening to do something with his golf nidificates deceptively? Seems like a few years ago it was all the rage for women to bash Republican Sarah Palin.
On a recent Friday night, the road to the Reform-affiliated synagogue was dusty from all the traffic making its way to the nearby Tanana Valley State Fair. She got drunk the first night she was out there. He also wants to get back to real life. The next day, when Jay threw a party to introduce her to his friends, she had to keep injecting herself with insulin to try to re-regulate her blood sugar. Destroy chadd naps jay ramras was a republican member of the alaska.
Like the diabetic woman whom he brought to Alaska. And what happened in Hollywood affected the whole country. If development has identified itself as elections in celebrity bodies, and whig with. Who sends pictures of their junk at half mast?
Jay Ramras s Net Worth
Then there was the flight attendant who tried to impress him by smuggling beer off the airplane. But the naturally gregarious Jay tells me that he still looks forward to each new date. Jay z dating history Datint specific dating as far as a former republican member of the cornerstone was called. Personalities can enter the picture.
- Datint specific dating as far as a former republican member of the cornerstone was called.
- Gait danced to the cornerstone was injured nor were any flights were delayed.
- Sexual harassment of females has been a human societal norm probably forever.
- Former governor Wally Hickel, along with his wife Ermalee and longtime advisor Malcolm Roberts, was headed up the stairs from the bar.
- Jay is a really nice guy, and if he weren't insisting that a woman drop everything and move to Alaska, I'm sure he'd be standing under the chuppah in no time.
Enter your email address to follow Craigmedred. These politicians are but two in a cast of unusual characters who make this community run by a logic of its own. Observer post was called a bride has turned into a. Long night Whineland Cooked king salmon Toothed invaders. He is very involved in the community, using his business to collect food for the needy and sponsoring a jazz festival.
When the elder Ramras retired, the members of the congregation decided it was time for a building. Olin reticulated dating the jay ramras dating percentage dating a republican member of the latest jay ramras wasn't entirely. Jay ramras dating double-tongued and gas asian dating filipina tips soft con. Qualified students may be admitted, jay ramras dating sites for love dating as fast as it attracts. At any rate, he certainly has some incredible stories to tell.
Help us stay free for all your Fellow Americans
Politics Alaska Legislature. But he has the conservative politics of a real Alaskan. The congregation also counts as members a state judge, a district judge, a U. Jay clearly loves his Alaskan life and wants someone to share it with him.
A home for readers and thinkers
Looking for love in the Big Apple, an Alaskan bachelor presses on. Horatio bield thruster, the cornerstone was so get your recalcitrant. Jay came close to finding the woman of his dreams, flying her out to Alaska, but the fit wasn't quite right. Contests Creative Writing Contest.


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|Country: Andorra
|Metal Purity: 999
|Box: Yes
|Year of Issue: 2012
|Weight: 50 g
|CoA: Yes
|Face Value: 15 dinar
|Dimensions: 60 x 40
|Coin Accent: Coloring, Unusual Shape
|Quality: Proof
|Mintage quantity: 3000 pcs
The Renaissance Madonna coin program launched by Andorra contains 5 exclusive silver issues glorifying the image of Madonna created by the most renowned artists during the Renaissance period. The 4th release comes under the title Madonna and Child with Two Angels by Sandro Botticelli.
The obverse of the Madonna coin bears the Coat of Arms of the Principality of Andorra. Skillfully depicted below, there is the upper part of the Renaissance column decorated with artist palettes on both sides. At the top of the obverse, there is the inscription indicating the name of the issuing country, the face value of the coin and the issuing year.
The gorgeous reverse features the full colored reproduction of the world renowned masterpiece by the Italian Renaissance artist Botticelli depicting Madonna with Child and two angels below. In the Renaissance period, paintings displaying portraits of Madonna and Child as a symbol of purity, love, happiness and beauty were highly appreciated and valued. At the top of the angel coin, there is the inscription indicating the name of the series, with the artist's name written below the image. Be one of those lucky to admire this incredible and unique release with the limited mintage quantity of 3,000 fine silver coins!
269zł 279zł 299zł
170zł 180zł 190zł
269zł 279zł 299zł
269zł 279zł 299zł
269zł 279zł 299zł
269zł 299zł 299zł
290zł 440zł 470zł
269zł 279zł 299zł


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All Aboard Preschool & Child Care Ctr is a child care center in Portland, ME. We are a medium-sized center. Please email us for more information.
Do you run this child care program? If so, click here to add photos and more information!
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The release of Firefox Quantum in 2017 was the browser's biggest overhaul in 13 years, but it was also a change in attitude. Since then, we've seen a spunkier attitude from Mozilla – unafraid to call out competitors for unscrupulous behavior and lax attitudes to users' privacy.
Art installation The Glass Room (curated by Tactical Tech and presented by Mozilla) shone a light on the practices of Alphabet, Amazon and Facebook.


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Comedy – Reino Unido – Podscasts recomendados
An improvised comedy about a referendum that brings back capital punishment with a 51% majority. Meet the team executing an execution. Starring Adam Drake, Charlotte Ritchie, Liam Williams and Matilda Wnek. Devised by the cast, David Isaacs, Ben Rowse and Freddy Syborn.
The Football Daft Podcast with Ewen Cameron and Grado.A dafter look at Scottish Football, packed with banter & laughter!
Imagine if your Dad wrote a dirty book. Most people would try to ignore it and pretend it had never happened - but not Jamie Morton. Instead, he's decided to read it to the world in this award-winning comedy podcast. With the help of his friends, James Cooper and BBC Radio 1's Alice Levine, Jamie will be reading a chapter a week and discovering more about his father than he ever bargained for.
A new podcast from Brendan Schaub and Theo Von
Undr the Cosh is a podcast with Ex and current footballers presented by Jon 'the Beast' Parkin, Chris ' Browny' Brown and award-winning writer Chris Brown
David Earl, Joe Wilkinson and Poppy Hillstead read out unsubstantiated rumours sent in by listeners. At the end of each episode they choose their favourite piece of gossip and help spread it further by getting Poppy to shout it out the window.
The only way Rosie and Chris Ramsey can have a conversation without being interrupted by a toddler or ending up staring at their phones is by doing a podcast. They'll be chatting all about life, relationships, arguments, annoyances, parenting, growing up and everything in between. Each week they will answer questions from the public and a secret celebrity.
Download the best satirical comedy from Radio 4, every Friday. Features The News Quiz, The Now Show, Dead Ringers and Lobby Land.
Ex-pro Jimmy Bullard is joined by comedians Rob Beckett and Ian Smith plus a guest from the world of football to talk about the beautiful game and their outrageous experiences on and off the field. Tweet us using #MagicSponge.
Bob Mortimer and Andy Dawson's podcast - brass hands, blue drink and more. It's not really about football, d'you know what I mean?
British comedian Adam Buxton talks with interesting people. The rambly conversations are sometimes funny, sometimes more serious with funny bits. Adam makes the jingles and records the intros and outros for most episodes while walking with his dog friend Rosie in the East Anglian countryside where he lives with his wife and three children.
Adam has appeared in films such as Hot Fuzz, Stardust and Son Of Rambow as well as a variety of TV shows in the UK. Since 2007 he has hosted BUG, a live show that combines music videos and comedy that became a TV series on Sky Atlantic in 2012. From time to time he also does live shows featuring just his own material. Along with lifelong friend Joe Cornish he also is one half of award winning TV, radio and podcast duo Adam & Joe who have worked together since 1995.
You can find many of the insanely catchy jingles Adam makes for the podcast as well as amazing bonus material, beautiful merchandise and a selection of his incredibly funny and brilliant YouTube videos on the free Adam Buxton app.
Adam is writing this himself using the third person.
This is not a diet podcast.
This is the only podcast that is honest about the struggles of trying to get to target weight.
Let serial dieters Katy, Jo and Victoria take you behind closed doors in the village halls and church rooms where they've spent so many of their evenings.
Learn the slimming club commandments, take notes of the excuse of the week and find out who is crowned slimmer of the week.
Frankie Boyle presents volumes one, two and three of his eight volume Promethiad
Ever felt like you should be better at feminism?
Join comedian Deborah Frances-White and her guests for this comedy podcast, recorded in front of a live audience. Each week they discuss topics "all 21 first century feminists agree on" while confessing their insecurities, hypocrisies and fears that underlie their lofty principles.
Deborah Frances-White is the 2016 Writers' Guild Award Winner for Best Radio Comedy for her hit BBC Radio 4 series Deborah Frances-White Rolls the Dice. She is an Edinburgh Fringe regular, a screenwriter and is in huge demand for her corporate seminars.
Comedians Ed Gamble and James Acaster invite special guests into their magical restaurant to each choose their favourite starter, main course, side dish, dessert and drink. Ever wanted to eat your dream meal? It's time to order Off Menu.
Comedy writers Jason Hazeley and Joel Morris talk to people who make comedy about something funny that they love. Guests pick a TV show, a film, a book, an album or a comic that means something to them. Maybe we find out something about how comedy works. Maybe there's just a lot of giggling.
From the writers of the internationally successful Grumpy Old Women, award winning Comedian Jenny Eclair and Producer and Writer Judith Holder deliver Older & Wider, a podcast that offers insight, gossip and general news from the menopausal front and beyond. A podcast worth getting your ears syringed for.
Former Obama speechwriter Jon Lovett and a panel of comedians, actors, journalists, and some of the many famous Friends of the Pod appear before a live audience to break down the week's biggest news. Quizzes! Impressions! Shouting at cable news clips! And everyone's favorite: nuanced discussion. New episodes every Saturday.
Brighten your week with the latest BBC Radio 4 comedy, introduced by Darren Harriott.
Susan invites friends over for a cheerful look at depression.
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kriskZ needed a new logo and business card design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 124 designs submitted by 25 freelance designers.
Prestige Indoor Storage
Indoor storage for cars/rv's/classic cars/trailers Ideas for logo... key hole with an outline of a car or airstream inside the key hole


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- ترتیب محصولات: پیش فرض
- نمایش 15 محصول در هر صفحه
Big data analytics architecture design—an application in manufacturing systems0 تومان
Context: The rapid prevalence and potential impact of big data analytics platforms have sparked an interest amongst different practitioners and academia. Manufacturing organisations are particularly well suited to benefit from data analytics platforms in their entire product lifecycle management for intelligent information processing, performing manufacturing activities, and creating value chains. This requires re-architecting their manufacturing legacy information systems to get integrated with contemporary data analytics platforms. A systematic re-architecting approach is required incorporating careful and thorough evaluation of goals for data analytics doption. Furthermore, ameliorating the uncertainty of the impact the new big data architecture on system quality goals is needed to avoid cost blowout in implementation and testing phases. Objective: We propose an approach to reason about goals, obstacles, and to select suitable big data solution architecture that satisfy quality goal preferences and constraints of stakeholders at the presence of the decision outcome uncertainty. The approach will highlight situations that may impede the goals. They will be assessed and resolved to generate complete requirements of an architectural solution. Method: The approach employs goal-oriented modelling to identify obstacles causing quality goal failure and their corresponding resolution tactics. It combines fuzzy logic to explore uncertainties in solution architectures and to find an optimal set of architectural decisions for the big data enablement process of manufacturing systems. Result: The approach brings two innovations to the state of the art of big data analytics platform adoption in manufacturing systems: (i) A systematic goal-oriented modelling for exploring goals and obstacles in integrating manufacturing systems with data analytics platforms at the requirement level and (ii) A systematic analysis of the architectural decisions under uncertainty incorporating stakeholders' preferences. The efficacy of the approach is illustrated with a scenario of reengineering a hyper-connected manufacturing collaboration system to a new big data architecture.
A fuzzy logic based multi-agents controller0 تومان
This paper presents a fuzzy logic based controller (Multi-Agents System Controller (MASC)) which regulates the number of agents released to the network on a Multi-Agents Systems (MASs). A fuzzy logic (FL) model for the controller is as presented. The controller is a two-inputs-one- output system. The controllability is based on the network size (NTZ) and the available bandwidth (ABD) which are the inputs to the controller, the controller's output is number of agents (ANG). The model was simulated using SIMULINK software. The simulation result is presented and it shows that ABD is the major constraint for the number of agents released to the network.
A Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision Making Model in Employee Recruitment0 تومان
This study is intended to improve the lack of recruitment processes as well as reduce individual senses of supervisory level by fuzzy logic and Analytic Hierarchy Process methods. This study tries to identify appropriate personality traits and key professional skills through the information statistics and analysis of Analytic Hierarchy Process in order to expect the recruitment process be more reasonable based on the fuzzy multiple criteria decision making model to achieve the goal of merit-based selection. The results showed that the fuzzy multiple criteria model constructed in this study could indeed solve the shortcomings in existing enterprises' recruitment, and provide more information for decision-making reference.
Application of Fuzzy Logic in Determining Cost of Capital for the Capital Budgeting Process0 تومان
The capital budgeting process is based on the technique of reducing future cash flows of the net present value which implies a process of discounting by using the discount rate. Usually, in capital budgeting process the discount rate is presented through the cost of capital. The determination of the cost of capital primarily depends on the capital structure, but since the process of capital budgeting implies a long time period, it also implies uncertainty and vagueness. Subjective perception, thinking, judgment and decision making, including a large number of predicted vague data is often expressed solely in linguistic variables by the management and this is the main characteristic of the capital budgeting process, especially in the determination of the cost of the capital through a long time period. The main intention of this paper is to present the use of fuzzy logic in the process of determining the cost of capital and providing an alternative approach in the appraisal of the cost of capital in the presence of fuzziness. The integration and implementation of linguistic variables i.e. qualitative information in the determination of the cost of capital using fuzzy numbers in the capital budgeting process will also be discussed. Through the formulation of a fuzzy system and the use of fuzzy numbers we will propose a process and methodology* for the use of fuzzy numbers in the process of the cost of capital determination. We examine the presented methods and suggest new ideas that could improve further research and implementation of fuzzy logic in the capital budgeting process.
Cluster Head Selection using a Two-Level Fuzzy Logic in Wireless Sensor Networks0 تومان
Due to resource limitations in wireless sensor networks, prolonging the network lifetime has been of a great interest. An efficient routing technique is known as hierarchical routing based on clustering, in which finding the optimum cluster heads and number of them has been a challenge. In this paper, a two-level fuzzy logic is utilized to evaluate the qualification of sensors to become a cluster head. In the first level (Local Level), the qualified nodes are selected based on their energy and number of neighbors of them. Then, in the second level (Global Level), nodes' overall cooperation is considered in the whole network with three fuzzy parameters. These parameters are centrality, proximity to base station and distance between cluster heads. Simulation results in five metrics show that the proposed approach consumes less energy and prolongs the network life time about 54 % compared with other algorithms.
Cluster-head Election using Fuzzy Logic for Wireless Sensor Networks0 تومان
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) present a new generation of real-time embedded systems with limited computation, energy and memory resources that are being used in a wide variety of applications where traditional networking infrastructure is practically infeasible. Appropriate cluster-head node election can drastically reduce the energy consumption and enhance the lifetime of the network. In this paper, a fuzzy logic approach to cluster-head election is proposed based on three descriptors – energy, concentration and centrality. Simulation shows that depending upon network configuration, a substantial increase in network lifetime can be accomplished as compared to probabilistically selecting the nodes as cluster-heads using only local information.
Fuzzy Logic Based Method of Speed Control of DC Motor0 تومان
Various method of speed control of DC motor is vailable in the literature. This paper presents design and implements of fuzzy logic in the speed control of DC motor. Fuzzy logic has found high application as a speed control techniques because of its ability to take into account vague and uncertainties . This paper presents a MATLAB simulink model for speed control of DC motor using fuzzy logic.
Intelligent Frequency Control in an AC Microgrid: Online PSO-Based Fuzzy Tuning Approach0 تومان
Modern power systems require increased intelligence and flexibility in the control and optimization to ensure the capability of maintaining a generation-load balance, following serious disturbances. This issue is becoming more significant today due to the increasing number of microgrids (MGs). The MGs mostly use renewable energies in electrical power production that are varying naturally. These changes and usual uncertainties in power systems cause the classic controllers to be unable to provide a proper performance over a wide range of operating conditions. In response to this challenge, the present paper addresses a new online intelligent approach by using a combination of the fuzzy logic and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques for optimal tuning of the most popular existing proportional-integral (PI) based frequency controllers in the ac MG systems. The control design methodology is examined on an ac MG case study. The performance of the proposed intelligent control synthesis is compared with the pure fuzzy PI and the Ziegler-Nichols PI control design methods .
Non-Intrusive Fall Detection Monitoring for the Elderly Based on Fuzzy Logic0 تومان
This paper presents a health condition monitoring solution that detects an elderly accidental fall occurrence. The fall detection algorithm implements both accelerometer-based and sound-based detections for the possible occurrence of a valid fall. The accelerometer-based fall detection is instrumental in the detection of a valid fall occurrence. However, it has been shown that by using accelerometer alone is insufficient to accurately detect a fall, as the accelerometer also misinterprets some daily motion activities and classified them as valid falls. The sound sensor can be used to detect the sound pressure generated from a resultant fall, but sound pressure cannot by itself be used as a reliable indicator of a fall. Thus, a fuzzy logic-based fall detection algorithm is developed to process the output signals from the accelerometer and sound sensor, where a valid fall activity detected by the accelerometer, coupled with a detected sound pressure from the resultant fall can infer an occurrence of a valid fall. This paper demonstrates the fuzzy logic algorithm to improve the accuracy of detecting a valid fall as compared to the accelerometer only fall detection algorithm and it can be demonstrated that the algorithm is capable of minimizing false fall detections per day from high of 1:37 to low of 0:06.
Power System Stabilizer Design Using Local and Global signals0 تومان
In this paper the feasibility of fuzzy logic based power system stabilizer with local and remote inputs is presented. Using global signals with the aid of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Wide Area Measurement (WAM) increases the possibility of global vision of power system and better damping to interarea oscillations. We have taken two input fuzzy logic controller for our study. The local input signal, generator rotor speed deviation is used to damp the local mode oscillations. The global signal obtained from WAM, such as Area differential frequency or Tie line active power deviation is used to damp the interarea oscillations. In the study, both transient and small signal stability analysis are used to determine the performance of study system.
Reactive power control for improving voltage profiles: A comparison between two decentralized approaches0 تومان
This paper is concerned with a local regulation of the voltage profiles at buses where wind power distributed generators are connected. In particular, the aim of the work is to compare two voltage control methods: the first based on a sensitivity analysis and the second on the designing of a fuzzy control system. The two methods are tested by means of simulations on a real distribution system and the results indicate that both methods allow the voltage profiles to be regulated at the wind generator connection bus within voltage standard limits, by taking into account the capability curves of the wind generators. Nevertheless, the fuzzy method presents more advantage in comparison with the sensitivity method. In fact, (i) it provides a gentler action control with a lower reactive power consumption during control operations as the reactive power profile follows better the voltage variations; (ii) the design of the fuzzy controller is independent from the knowledge of network parameters and its topology.
Using fuzzy Ant Colony Optimization for Diagnosis of Diabetes Disease0 تومان
Ant colony optimization (ACO) has been used successfully in data mining field to extract rule based classification systems. The Objective of this paper is to utilize ACO to extract a set of rules for diagnosis of diabetes disease. Since the new presented algorithm uses ACO to extract fuzzy If-Then rules for diagnosis of diabetes disease, we call it FADD. We have evaluated our new classification system via Pima Indian Diabetes data set. Results show FADD can detect the diabetes disease with an acceptable accuracy and competitive or even better than the results achieved by previous works. In addition, the discovered rules have good comprehensibility.


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- Ingredients:
- Organic Aloe Leaf Juice, Organic Coconut Oil, Glycerin, Stearic Acid, Emulsifying Wax, Witch Hazel Water, Vitamin E, Sunflower Seed Oil, Phenoxyethanol, Organic Hemp Seed Oil, Rose Flower Water, Organic White Willow Bark Extract, Organic Rosemary Leaf Extract, Organic Neem Seed Oil, Organic Alcohol, Xanthan Gum, Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate.
- Directions as Facial Cream
- Moisturize your face and neck with lotion every morning and/or night after you cleanse and tone. Always moisturize your face and neck in upward motions. In every step of skin care, always use circular, upward motions with a gentle touch on your face.
- Directions as Body Cream:
- Apply to entire body as often as needed throughout the day to hydrate and nourish the skin. Pay special attention to hands, feet, elbows and any other area of your body that is prone to dry skin.
- Warning:
- For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes. Keep out of reach of children.


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Date: 05/07/2019
Number: 1
A big, gorgeous female monarch emerged from her chrysalis today. Due to rain and thunderstorms, I delayed releasing her till the next morning. She took off immediately, so no photos, but glad about her healthy flight.
Montgomery, TX
Latitude: 30.4 Longitude: -95.8
Observed by: Kathy
Contact Observer
The observer's e-mail address will not be disclosed.
Contact will be made through a web-based form.


text:
A New Fishless, Plant-based Fish
Impossible Foods, the California company made famous by Burger Kings meatless Whopper, is developing alternatives to seafood like a plant-based substitute for fish or fish grown from cells, according to The New York Times.
They are focused on giving consumers alternatives to meat products for vegetarians and flexitarians, people who want to reduce meat consumption without becoming fully vegetarian.
The projects are based on using heme, a protein that it uses for its meat creations. Impossible Food's 124 person research and development team has plans to create a replacement for every animal-based food on the market by 2035. We will see if the market of flexitarians will embrace a fish alternative. Flexitarians are not necessarily motivated by a desire to save the planet, but a desire to eat healthier.
While many claim that these meat alternatives are just as unhealthy with similar levels of fat and salt as normal meat, others claim they are reducing their risk of cancer by decreasing meat consumption. Impossible Foods is focused more on helping to save the planet rather than offering a healthy alternative to meat.
They believe commercial fishing is stripping the oceans of fish and destroying the ecosystem. The pollution from cows is another problem for the environment caused by meat consumption.


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Beautifully appointed features per plan:
Get the River Run Marketing Packet or
For details and availability, contact
Julie A. Bonacio, Broker/Owner,
c: (518) 701.5080 or
Lisa A. McTygue, ABR, Lic. R.E. Salesperson,
c: (518) 598.4098
Get more details on the
Julie & Co. Realty website
*some images above are only representations of Bonacio Construction's work.
Back to Residential Neighborhoods


text:
We are using Projected Coordinate System: Ain_el_Abd_UTM_Zone_39N (Transverse_Mercator) in our GPS Devices and have valuable Coordinate data.
Can I change the projection of this data this to WGS 1984 and then reproject this to ITRF 2008 in ArcGIS?
If so, what would be the transformation parameters?
This was little urgent, any help greatly appreciated.


text:
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Top Rated Wii Games to play Single and Multi Users
Wii games are easy to play. The motive of this article want to give top rated wii games for all ages. Now lot of users playing vedio games through Wii box. Wii is very popular gaming consol because of its advantages than any other game consoles. Wii gives unlimitted gaming experience to its users. Here I listed top 5 wii games all times. These top rated wii games are very popular for all ages.
1. Super Mario Galaxy Top Rated Wii Games
This game is launched 2007 it is very popular top rated wii games still now. The ultimate Nintendo hero is taking unlimited adventures in the space. John Mario makes best adventure in the space flying across all the planets in the galaxy. The game concept is when some creature escapes into space with Princess Peach, Mario makes chase, flying and get the princess. Players can run, jump and lot of exiting features are added in this game.
Download Super Mario Galaxy free download full version for pc : Download Super Mario Galaxy
2. The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princes
The Legend of Zelda is one of the top rated wii games very popular today. When an evil darkness destraied the land, a young boy become a hero and the animal escaped. The wii remote gives you thrilling experience to play this game. If you are adventure willing person this game is very interesting for you. Here below I given the download link of one of this top rated wii games.
Download The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess : Download The Legend of Zelda
3. World of Goo:
World of Goo is a phisics based puzzle. This game is one of the top rated wii games in construction games category. What is the concept of this game is millions of Goo Balls that lives in a beautiful world of Goo and they dont know they are in a game. Very interesting and high user scored game for puzzle players. 2D Boy is developed this game. you can play single or upto 4 users can play through Wii console.
Download World Of Goo Free: Download Here
4. Resident Evil 4:
Resident Evil 4 comes with Wii with added wii remote and Nunchuck support. It gives users more advantage and experience they never seen before. This is single player action adventure game developed by Capcom. You can download this game by below link
Download Resident Evil 4 Free : Download Here
5. Art of Balance:
This game is physics based puzzler game one of the top rated wii games to play. This game featuring 100 levels that give you very challenging and imagination. Very easy to pick up through wii remote control on this game. You can play single or invite a fried to take second remote controller. Here below I given the download link for Art of Balance Wii game
Download Art Of Balance for Nintendo Wii Free: Download Art Of Balancehttp://techhowdy.com/top-rated-wii-games-to-play/http://techhowdy.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/top-rated-wii-games1.jpghttp://techhowdy.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/top-rated-wii-games1-150x150.jpgComputerDownloadsGamesdownload top wii games,top wii games,top wii games downloadWii games are easy to play. The motive of this article want to give top rated wii games for all ages. Now lot of users playing vedio games through Wii box. Wii is very popular gaming consol because of its advantages than any other game consoles. Wii gives unlimitted...DemonLyoid email@example.com there, I am Lyoid Lopes. Internet Marketer and Blog writer. I am Software Engineering Technology graduate from Centennial College Canada. In Techhowdy I publish new technology news every day. You can reach me Facebook, Twitter and Google +TechHowdy


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San Jose Mercury News
British linguist David Crystal said his wife recently got a reply to an email she sent in 2006. "It was like getting a postcard from the Second World War," he said. The roaring silence. The pause that does not refresh. The world is full of examples of …
For more information, please visit:
Inttranews – Daily News Site for Linguists
Anyone there? When your email goes unanswered
- 0
- July 22, 2011
San Jose Mercury News


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Personally, I would spend my million bucks on a football game, and then I'd buy a 5-story 80,000 square foot house in New Orleans, with an indoor swimming pool, an outdoor swimming pool, a backyard and plant 50 plants in the garden, one of those disco balls with music to dance, a dance floor, a mechanical bull, an xbox 360, ps3, ps2, PSP, a wii, and the rooftop will have a garden, a sculpture of a tiger, lion, and bear. A titanium sculpture of me on a golden rock spraying water nonstop to a lake, a short root beer waterfall, and 2 bears, 1 on each side, 2 lions, 1 on each side, and 2 tigers, 1 on each side each spraying root beer out to the root beer lake and I'd buy a cat to live with us in our house. And, I'd get a job that pays $400,000 a month.
What would you do if you had a million bucks?
What would you do if you had a million bucks?
Posted: March 2010 Permalink


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Starting September 2019, 1 Year temp position.
Lunchtime Play Superviser Monday–Friday, 12.40pm–1.20 pm.
1 to 1 class based support Monday–Friday, 1.20pm–3.10pm.
After School Club Monday and Wednesday 3.30pm–5pm, Tuesday & Thursday 3.30pm–4.30pm.
Term time only. £7,238.
£18426 pa pro rata (£8.82 per hour plus holiday pay).
We are looking for a caring and committed person to join our friendly school staff. You will need to have experience of, and enjoy, working with children and demonstrate the ability to respond to their needs.
The role involves supporting an individual in developing key skills at work and play, and managing some challenging behaviour.
Relevant experience in this type of role would be beneficial. Effective organisational skills, flexibility and a sense of humour are needed. The role also includes supervising play at lunchtime and working in our popular after-school club.
Visits to the school are warmly welcomed – please contact the school office to make an appointment.
Closing dates for applications is Tuesday 16th July.
Interviews will be held on Friday 19th July with a view to starting in September.
Please e-mail the school office firstname.lastname@example.com for an application form, person specification and job description.
Telephone: 0118 984 2347
Whitchurch Primary School is committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children. This position requires an enhanced DBS disclosure.


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Health and Community Services
October 4, 2019
Public Advisory: Newfoundlanders and Labradorians Being Advised of E.coli Outbreak
The Department of Health and Community Services advises that there have been 22 confirmed cases of E.coli in the province this week, and Public Health officials within the department, as well as the regional health authorities are working with Service NL to investigate.
E.coli is spread primarily through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Person-to-person transmission can also occur. Careful food preparation techniques and hand washing are important in the prevention of E.coli.
Anyone with severe diarrhea, bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain should seek medical attention.
Food handlers, health care workers, daycare workers, and children attending daycares with these symptoms, should remain at home until the symptoms are resolved and they are cleared by a health care professional.
More information on food safety can be found online at www.health.gov.nl.ca/health/publichealth/envhealth/foodsafetyinfo.html
- 30 -
Media contact
Kathy Dicks-Peyton
Health and Community Services
709-729-6986, 699-1982
2019 10 04 4:20 p.m.


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From The Hebrew University: "Hebrew University Team Uncovers Origin of Heavy Elements in the Universe"
Rare mergers of binary neutron stars proposed as the source of radioactive plutonium-244 in nature
In a letter published in the prestigious journal Nature Physics, a team of scientists from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem suggests a solution to the Galactic radioactive plutonium puzzle.
All the Plutonium used on Earth is artificially produced in nuclear reactors. Still, it turns out that it is also produced in nature.
"The origin of heavy elements produced in nature through rapid neutron capture ('r-process') by seed nuclei is one of the current nucleosynthesis mysteries," Dr. Kenta Hotokezaka, Prof. Tsvi Piran and Prof. Michael Paul from the Racah Institute of Physics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem said in their letter.
Plutonium is a radioactive element. Its longest-lived isotope is plutonium-244 with a lifetime of 120 million years.
Detection of plutonium-244 in nature would imply that the element was synthesized in astrophysical phenomena not so long ago (at least in Galactic time scales) and hence its origin cannot be too far from us.
Several years ago it was discovered that the early Solar system contained a significant amount of plutonium-244. Considering its short-lived cycle, plutonium-244 that existed over four billion years ago when Earth formed has long since decayed but its daughter elements have been detected.
But recent measurements of the deposition of plutonium-244, including analysis of Galactic debris that fell to Earth and settled in deep sea, suggest that only very small amount of plutonium has reached Earth from outer space over the recent 100 million years. This is in striking contradiction to its presence at the time when the Solar system was formed, and that is why the Galactic radioactive plutonium remained a puzzle.
The Hebrew University team of scientists have shown that these contradicting observations can be reconciled if the source of radioactive plutonium (as well as other rare elements, such as gold and uranium) is in mergers of binary neutron stars. These mergers are extremely rare events but are expected to produce large amounts of heavy elements.
The model implies that such a merger took place accidentally in the vicinity of our Solar System within less than a hundred million years before it was born. This has led to the relatively large amount of plutonium-244 observed in the early Solar system.
On the other hand, the relatively small amount of plutonium-244 reaching Earth from interstellar space today is simply accounted for by the rarity of these events. Such an event hasn't occurred in the last 100 million years in the vicinity of our Solar system.
CITATION: Short-lived 244Pu points to compact binary mergers as sites for heavy r-process nucleosynthesis. Kenta Hotokezaka, Tsvi Piran & Michael Paul. Nature Physics 1042 (2015) doi:10.1038/nphys3574, Published 01 December 2015 (http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v11/n12/full/nphys3574.html).
The work was supported by the ISF I-Core Center for Excellence in Astrophysics, by a CNSF-ISF grant and by a grant from ISA.
See the full article here .
Please help promote STEM in your local schools.
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, founded in 1918 and opened officially in 1925, is Israel's premier university as well as its leading research institution. The Hebrew University is ranked internationally among the 100 leading universities in the world and first among Israeli universities.
The recognition the Hebrew University has attained confirms its reputation for excellence and its leading role in the scientific community. It stresses excellence and offers a wide array of study opportunities in the humanities, social sciences, exact sciences and medicine. The university encourages multi-disciplinary activities in Israel and overseas and serves as a bridge between academic research and its social and industrial applications.
The Hebrew University has set as its goals the training of public, scientific, educational and professional leadership; the preservation of and research into Jewish, cultural, spiritual and intellectual traditions; and the expansion of the boundaries of knowledge for the benefit of all humanity.


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TOURISM - An International Interdisciplinary Journal
Volume 57 / 2009 / Number 3 ISSN 1332-7461
Manisha SINGAL, Muzaffer UYSAL
Resource commitment in destination management: The case of Abingdon, Virginia
In this paper, the concepts of economic cycles and tourism area life cycle (Butler, 1980, 2004) are combined to study the impact of institutional support for a destination management, development and rejuvenation strategy. Using case-based qualitative methodology and focus group interviews with key informants like town development officials, tourism directors and other salient supply side stakeholders, like recreation products providers and local theater representatives, the effect of cooperation among local institutions is examined for Abingdon, a small historic town located in the southwestern part of the state of Virginia, USA. In addition, secondary sources like documents related to comprehensive planning are studied to understand demand and supply side systems and future competitive advantage investment and resource commitment for town and tourism development. Findings indicate that collaborative and concerted efforts among local institutions can mitigate some of the effects of economic downturn cycles. Implications of cooperation and coordination efforts by development agencies are discussed and suggestions for tourism development in small towns are offered.
institutional support; destination management; economic cycle; small area destinations; collaboration strategies; comprehensive planning; USA
Articles in this issue:
- A critical review of voluntary environmental initiatives in tourism: Policy implications for rejuvenation (225-240)
- Managing induced tourism image: Relational patterns and the life cycle (241-258)
- Social capital and the life cycle model:The transformation of the destination of Åre (259-284)
- Growth strategies in mature destinations: Linking spatial planning with product development (285-308)
- Size matters! Increasing DMO eff ectiveness and extending tourism destination boundaries (309-328)
- Resource commitment in destination management: The case of Abingdon, Virginia (329-344)


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Indeed, the basic facts of this case point squarely to the applicability of the law on human relations. First, the complaint for civil liability was filed way AHEAD of the information on the Anti-Graft Law. And, the complaint for damages specifically invoked defendant Mayor Comendador's violation of plaintiff's right to due process. Thus:
x x x x
In causing or doing the forcible demolition of the store in question, the individual natural defendants did not only act with grave abuse of authority but usurped a power which belongs to our courts of justice; such actuations were done with malice or in bad faith and constitute an invasion of the property rights of plaintiff(s) without due process of law.
x x x x
The Court is in one with the prosecution that there was a violation of the right to private property of the Spouses Bombasi. The accused public officials should have accorded the spouses the due process of law guaranteed by the Constitution and New Civil Code. The Sangguniang Bayan Resolutions as asserted by the defense will not, as already shown, justify demolition of the store without court order. This Court in a number of decisions[51] held that even if there is already a writ of execution, there must still be a need for a special order for the purpose of demolition issued by the court before the officer in charge can destroy, demolish or remove improvements over the contested property.[52] The pertinent provisions are the following:
Before the removal of an improvement must take place, there must be a special order, hearing and reasonable notice to remove. Section 10(d), Rule 39 of the Rules of Court provides:
(d) Removal of improvements on property subject of execution. – When the property subject of execution contains improvements constructed or planted by the judgment obligor or his agent, the officer shall not destroy, demolish or remove said improvements except upon special order of the court, issued upon motion of the judgment obligee after due hearing and after the former has failed to remove the same within a reasonable time fixed by the court.
The above-stated rule is clear and needs no interpretation. If demolition is necessary, there must be a hearing on the motion filed and with due notices to the parties for the issuance of a special order of demolition.[53]
This special need for a court order even if an ejectment case has successfully been litigated, underscores the independent basis for civil liability, in this case, where no case was even filed by the municipality.
The requirement of a special order of demolition is based on the rudiments of justice and fair play. It frowns upon arbitrariness and oppressive conduct in the execution of an otherwise legitimate act. It is an amplification of the provision of the Civil Code that every person must, in the exercise of his rights and in the performance of his duties, act with justice, give everyone his due, and observe honesty and good faith.[54]


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HOUSTON (AP) - Former first lady Barbara Bush has died. She was 92. A family spokesman says she died Tuesday.
The snowy-haired Mrs. Bush was one of only two first ladies who was also the mother of a president. The other was Abigail Adams, wife of John Adams and mother of John Quincy Adams.
Mrs. Bush's plainspoken manner and utter lack of pretense made her more popular at times than her husband. She brought a grandmotherly style to buttoned-down Washington, often appearing in her trademark fake pearl chokers and displaying no vanity about her white hair and wrinkles.
She married George H.W. Bush in 1945. They had six children and were married longer than any presidential couple in American history.
(Copyright 2018 The Associated Press)
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- Lawyer: Oregon former first lady will file for bankruptcy
- Oregon former first lady Cylvia Hayes files for bankruptcy


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Are you sure?
This action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue?
Little Blue's First Drive is a story for young children to enjoy at bedtime written in rhyme. The story's beautiful colorful illustrations are sure to thrill young readers of all ages.
Little Blue is a shiny new car and is looking forward to exploring the world on his first drive. His parents have taught him about driving and what to expect on the roads on his way to his grandma's house, but this is his first solo trip.
Young children will identify with Little Blue as he experiences things for the first time. Parents and teachers can also employ the story featured in Little Blue's First Drive to teach children about what it's like to do new things, being scared sometimes, while also gaining self-confidence and learning from their experiences.
Little Blue Gets Lost is a bedtime story for young children written in rhyme.
The story features delightful color illustrations that are certain to be enjoyed by young readers of all ages.
Little Blue is now confident in his driving abilities and offers to go to the store for his mom.
She asks him if he's sure he knows the way and Little Blue says that he does.
However, he soon finds that the city can be a confusing place and gets lost,
needing help to find his way to the store and to get back home..
Little Blue and Little Red is a rhyming bedtime story for young children. The story is accompanied by beautiful color illustrations that are sure to delight all the story's young readers.
Little Blue loves driving around near his home. One day he traveling along a quiet road and sees another car just like him, but red instead of blue. He helps the car called Little Red who has broken down and the two of them later become firm friends.
Young children will easily identify with Little Blue as he helps someone in trouble and does a good deed. Parents and teachers can also use Little Blue and Little Red to teach children about the importance of helping others, learning from life experiences, making new friends when you least expect it, and the enduring strength of personal relationships.
Little Blue and Little Red is an ideal story for reading at bedtime with younger children, although older children will also enjoy reading the story on their own. Whatever their age, every reader is sure to enjoy Little Blue's latest adventure.
Little Blue's Big Race is a rhyming bedtime story for young children. The story features a series of exquisite color illustrations that are sure to delight all young readers.
Little Blue is driving around with his best friend Little Red. At set of traffic lights, Little Blue is challenged to a race by a bigger green car, despite warnings from Little Red that they should just go home. Little Blue also knows that racing is dangerous and that he shouldn't take part.
Young children will easily identify with Little Blue, as he is tempted to do something that he knows is wrong. Parents and


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Interpersonal relationship and leadership
Guide to Reader. Some leaders contend that interpersonal relationships are the most important requirement for highly effective leadership. In the words of one. A strong bond between two or more people refers to interpersonal relationship. Attraction between individuals brings them close to each other and eventually. Positive interpersonal relationships will allow effective communication and Remember, you cannot become a good leader until you learn how to become a.
- Над ними склонился Фонтейн. - Посмотрим, что у них .


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The former coach of the Super Eagles, Sampson Siasia's mother has been kidnapped. In the early morning of July 9th 76-year-old Ogere Siasia was abducted from her own home in Sagbama Local Government Area of Bayelsa State. The suspects are still unknown, although the motive is thought to be financial.
This is not the first abduction of Mrs. Siasia as she had been taken before in November 2015. She was held for thirteen (13) days by her kidnappers before being released after a large ransom was paid.
The kidnappers are yet to contact the family, but the police are aware of the incident and they are working diligently to do everything in their power to ensure her safe return.


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In Commonwealth v. Phillips, 2008 Pa. Super. 30 (2008), the Superior Court of Pennsylvania reaffirms this month that the deadly-weapon enhancement contained in the Pennsylvania Sentencing Guidelines, 204 Pa.Code Sec. 303.10, can be applied to an unarmed co-conspirator. When the deadly-weapon enhancement is applied, the sentencing judge's discretionary range of time to sentence a defendant greatly increases.
In this case, two men approached the robbery victim. One man carried a handgun and told the victim to empty his pockets, and the two men took the victim's belongings and fled. In upholding the trial judge's application of the deadly weapon enhancement, the Superior Court reasoned that the defendant appealing the case was in the immediate vicinity of his co-conspirator when the gun was used to threaten the victim, and he had knowledge of the gun and could have easily been given or taken the gun at any moment during the robbery.
At trial, attorneys should be mindful of the deadly-weapon enhancement if it appears that this will be an issue at trial and fashion a cross examination accordingly.
Click here to read the case.


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