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Hosted during the 24th to the 29th of June 2019.
Tourism is a multidisciplinary industry and therefore involves many different stakeholders for its operational activities. Among them the tourist guides play a major role since tourists need to have a clear picture of the country and its offerings, laws, rules and regulations and expected behaviours. Moreover, guides should have the ability to transform the tourist visit into an unforgettable experience.
With this workshop we aim to create a network of well-trained guides aware of the importance of responsible tourism in Namibia. Furthermore, they need to be aware that their behaviour towards the elephants can have long-term effects on their conservation.
TOSCO Team participated in the Conservation Workshop – PEACE Project hosted by Elephant Human Relations Aid (EHRA) during the 24th to the 29th of June 2019 at EHRA base camp, on the Ugab River.
A tailor made program
It was a workshop tailor-made for the tourism industry, especially for tour guides. The workshop had 9 participants from different backgrounds: freelance tour guides, guides from Tour Operators and guides from lodges and campsites, all ready to learn more about Loxodonta africana africanaContinue reading "The Conservation Workshop – PEACE Project"


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Free Extreme Stunts Bike Rider 2019 Spiele Aktuelle Download For PC Vollversion
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Extreme Stunts Bike Rider 2019 game is for all the bike racing games lovers those who want the extreme stunts challenges. Speed up your motorbike for the stunning impossible ramps on sky-high roads & moto stunts. If you are from a top bike racer or bike drivers, then this addition of bike stunts in extreme bike games will help you more for extreme bike driving techniques in stunt racing games to become a top stuntman. To become a stunt master from top bike stunt games is a real challenge for you, so grab yourself into the extreme challenge of motorcycle games. Keep your eyes on dangerous tracks, drive through checkpoints, and follow the narrow roads & hurdles to arrive at your destination while performing moto stunts. Variety of xtreme bikes & motorcycles to drive through impossible paths & zigzag tracks.
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subset: commoncrawl


text: > If you have any questions feel free to write to me personally at email @ redacted I have found that no one person on this list of 3000 has all the answers. We all have Q's as well as answers from time to time and help each other out. Thanks, Michael for providing those opportunities so we can all learn from each other. (~_^) ---------------------------------------------------------- for HELP or to subscribe/unsubscribe, contact: email@example.com send a DONATION http://www.Insulin-Pumpers.org/donate.shtml


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No70: Oldmoustache Gameworks, producer of the Eye of Basir game, the road map of the new game, The Bell, was shared openly. Taking into account the ideas and suggestions of the followers, the team, who planned to integrate interesting ideas into the game, briefly showed what was in the play here.
Old moustache Gameworks new game The Bell's road map shared
The Bell, a story-based adventure-puzzle game where a young girl who has lost her memory is based on a search for herself, will dry on the puzzle system instead of the point and click and backtracking air of Oldmoustache Gameworks. On the official announcement of the past few days, Oldmoustache Gameworks, who says his old games, No70: Eye of Basir, are important for them to see their experiences and mistakes, wants to do a much better job at The Bell. The team that will pay attention to the story and the game will pay attention to the Turkish players.
Here you can find The Bell's road map, which was published on Trello by Oldmoustache Gameworks. Well, do you think The Bell will be a successful game?


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The Word About TownSign up to receive our quarterly email newsletter
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Tue 20th August 2019
Time: 11am - 3:30pm
Chiltern Open Air Museum, Newland Park, Gorelands Lane, Chalfont St Giles, HP8 4AB
It can be tough finding activities to keep the children entertained throughout the school summer holidays. So the Museum's Education team have created special themed family activities, games and crafts all for the standard admission price!
This year each Terrific Tuesday date in the summer is one of the four elements:
30th July - Earth; 6th August - Air; 13th August - Fire; 20th August - Water; 27th August - Element of surprise (a collection of activities from the previous weeks).
Activities for each date are still to be confirmed and are subject to change. Free entry for Annual Pass holders. We recommend that you bring a carrier bag with you so that you can take home all the wonderful crafts and creations that you have made.
If you'd like to attend multiple Terrific Tuesdays (there will be 9 during the 2019 season), and Museum events then you can purchase an Annual Pass which costs £30 per adult, £18 per child and family pass prices start from £50.
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There are a myriad of things that parents expect to say to their children. "Have you brushed your teeth?" "Your room needs to be cleaned," "Bring me your dirty laundry," and "Eat your veggies" were all things that I was completely prepared for. I had a mental notepad of all the "mom" things I knew I would need to say as my son grew up and as I said each one I would mentally tick it off my list with a smile. Little did I know there would be an even larger list of things I never thought I would have to say to another human being, ever.
One morning as I was getting ready for the day, when my son was about three, I heard a distinct cat hiss followed by a human hacking sound. I turned from the bathroom mirror to see my son vigorously attempting to get a clump of cat hair off of his tongue while he hopped around my room. I heard "Momma, kitty tastes bad!" while he scrunched his little face up as I attempted to stop my child from hacking up a fur ball later.
"I bet. And this is why we don't lick the cat."
That was just the beginning of the downward spiral of strange pieces of advice I would be giving my son over the next two years. He's only six now but we have covered a vast array of subjects, each one more troubling than the last. Shortly after the cat licking incident I had to inform him that it was in bad taste to chew your toenails at a family restaurant. This was closely followed by me having to inform him that going to the store in only a diaper and rain boots was underdressing for the occasion.
As he has gotten older, the peculiarities of parenting have come out in full bloom. At least once a week I have to tell him that growling when being asked a question isn't exactly the polite answer I was looking for. Our latest was me explaining that, because puppies don't have thumbs, his new dog would most likely not be interested in playing with his kinetic sand so he should be fine on his worries about it.
There have also been a few new variations on tried and true "mom" things. "Eat your veggies" has now turned into "Please don't shove the foods you hate up your nose." "Have you brushed your teeth" is now "Please don't lick me, a simple yes would have sufficed." And "Bring me your dirty clothes" has turned into "Why are all of your things in the freezer and why didn't I notice you doing this?"
Bath time has turned into me chuckling as he screams out that he peed in the bath, again, which is then followed by me telling him that he probably shouldn't scream that at the pool, again. While I am trying to stop my son from running at the wall after watching "Harry Potter," I am simultaneously trying to stop him from stabbing his father with a lightsaber while yelling "I'm Kylo Ren!"
"Get that out of your pants" is now a personal favorite of mine along with "Fancy goldfish can't eat hotdogs so don't even try it." "Don't lick the shopping cart" has now replaced various animals and telling him that his pet snail won't climb out of his cage in the middle of the night and crawl up his nose is a new one – I'm not entirely sure of its origin. "Pinecones don't make sounds so stop shoving it in your ear" took a while to get rid of and "The drapes are not vines, watch something other than Tarzan" lasted about a week.
Many of my interactions have morphed into me telling him to ask his father and then hearing an exasperated sigh from whatever room they are residing in followed by yet another reiteration of how something isn't a good idea. The list of interesting conversations with my son could fill a book but unfortunately I need to go stop him from giving ants a swimming lesson in his kiddy pool … for the fourth time today.
This article originally appeared on lyvingdedgurl.com.


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Hey everyone, i'm finally starting to get comfortable enough with 2 channel mixing and realizing it's limitations. All the clubs i've been 2 recently here have been nothing but serato djs (no offense) just blending from track to track. I'm bored and want to step it up.
Right now my current setup is a rane ttm56s with one tech 1200 for one deck and Maschine and Kontrol X1 for the other deck. Do I need a new external mixer for 4 channels or can I somehow use my audio 8's C/D outputs along with my Rane? I've looked into the DJM 800 but man she's expensive. What other 4 channels mixers could you recommend? Also I love to scratch so consider the faders.


text: Jonathan Gardner wrote: > There are security problems. I tried to force the guy to be coming from one > unique IP address, but I found that too many places have firewalls or > something that change the IP address of the user each time they access the > page, so I had to abandon that. I hadn't realised some places had dynamically changing IP addresses. My security method was to save the User Agent, IP address and the time the session was created (so I can expire it after X minutes). I suppose you could deal with IP addresses by ensuring that the first part of the IP address remains the same i.e User logs on initially as 172.21.16.189 Session then allows access from 172.21.16.* or 172.21.*.* It's pretty important to provide some kind of checking mechanism like that to avoid people copying/pasting the URL of the page they are on into an e-mail / instant message and inadvertantly giving their session to someone else. Cheers, Simon


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JOB POST: Law Assistants @ Patna High Court: Apply by Jan 3
Online applications are invited from the eligible Law Graduates/Post Graduates for their engagement as Law Assistants in
the High Court of Judicature at Patna on consolidated honorarium of Rs.15000/- per month.
The candidates should be a Law Graduates/Post Graduates from University/ College recognized by the Bar Council of India shall be eligible to apply/ serve as Law Assistant provided that the applicant has passed LL.B./ LL.M. Examination within two years of the date of publication of advertisement for being considered for such selection.
Candidates having familiarity with computers will get preference in the matter of selection. Their candidature must be recommended by a designated Senior Advocate of this Court or by the Head of the last law school/ college/ university attended by him.
How to apply
Eligible candidates shall submit their online application on this page, following the instructions as made therein.
The link for online applications will remain active from 20.12.2018 to 03.01.2019.
Email: [email protected]
For official notification, click here.


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Video Sources 36 Views
The Earth's Darkest Day Will Be Man's Finest HourJul. 01, 1998United States151 Min.PG-13
what going on?
When an asteroid threatens to collide with Earth, NASA honcho Dan Truman determines the only way to stop it is to drill into its surface and detonate a nuclear bomb. This leads him to renowned driller Harry Stamper, who agrees to helm the dangerous space mission provided he can bring along his own hotshot crew. Among them is the cocksure A.J. who Harry thinks isn't good enough for his daughter, until the mission proves otherwise.
Original title Armageddon
IMDb Rating 6.7 367,422 votes
TMDb Rating 6.6 4,116 votes
Harry S. Stamper
Dan Truman
A.J. Frost
Grace Stamper
Charles 'Chick' Chapple
Colonel William Sharp
Jayotis 'Bear' Kurleenbear
Lev Andropov
Oscar Choi


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text: Sex story hindi mein. She is 19 years old, with a very sexy figure of aroundwearing shalwar suit without duppata and working in the kitchen with her mother. She was not paying much attention when she pushed the door of the bathroom open and walked into the little room. Hello friend I am inviting you to join us and read hindi sex story hindi sex story you can also post your story here hindi sex story. She was beautiful. Latest Movie Reviews. Pehlay e-mail k zarye mujh sa baat kr lejye ager pasand nahi aaya tu no need to contact further. The little murky light showing up in the sky from what's left of the day added to the romantic effect of the whole setting. It originally aired from 29 October to April on Star Plus. She rolled off Ben and lay on her back on the bed. Many times I had seen both bhabhi and bhaiya going to bed and then some muffled voices and at times some sounds coming from the room…. Post navigation


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No rest for the wicked.
Ever since I began gardening 2 years ago I am astounded at how busy I constantly seem to be as each one goes by. Not that it's a bad thing necessarily but it is amazing at how much there is to do whether that be from sowing seeds and being their nurturing guardian, planning where to put plants or create new features to doing the usual maintenance jobs like cutting grass and weeding.
With that said let me show you what I have been up to over the last few months in my own garden.
Dreams come true
I managed to get my hands on a very lovely little greenhouse that will change my gardening game forever! Its a 4x4 which was perfect for the space I had available and of course is perfect for all 4ft10" of me (think of me as a real garden fairy rather than a gnome haha!) I even put little personal touches to it with some gorgeous bunting made by my fabulous Mum and it also has some fairy lights in. Don't worry plants and growing take centre stage in there right now though with my Balconi Tomato plants doing incredibly well.
Protection Protection Protection!
With the greenhouse now in its perfect place my thoughts suddenly turned to worry over hoping not to hear the dreaded sounds of smashing. My garden is predominantly a playing garden thanks to the kids but they are now going to have to share it with me and seeing how footballs get volleyed around it I knew I had to guard my little sanctuary somehow! Queue some amazing DIY skills with a few pieces of wood and voilà, a lovely new solid trellis screen is now in place.
But that's not all!
The great thing about gardening is there's always an opportunity to improve and develop our spaces. Now the trellis is in place I knew I could expand the original border. It wasn't exactly easy with discovering so much brick and having to knock as much out as possible but its now given me such a fantastic area to get creative and plant a wider variety of plants. I hadn't realised how small the space in the original border was and now understand why very little seemed to grow/survive. My brain is now overflowing with ideas of plant combinations and hopefully can bring some to life in time.
There's more!!
I've always wanted to have some kind of water feature in the garden but for 2 reasons I've always put it off. The 1st I kept over thinking what to do and worrying it wasn't going to be enough and 2nd I didn't want anything too big (needed as much free space for the kids to play) so didn't have a good spot to dig down deep enough to house one, BUT a new wider border means I could do this now so I just threw myself into creating a mini pond. Its actually turned out quite OK and I'm hopeful that in time some amazing creatures will make very good use of it. It didn't cost me much to put together either (no more than £10) and really don't know why I worried so much in the first place! Every little helps, it doesn't have to be fancy and it doesn't have to cost the earth.
15L Flexi tub £3.50 Plants 2 4 £4.99 Rocks,Gravel Rain Water FREE
So there you have it! A few little projects that have kept me going in between the weeding and the harvesting of some fantastic first homegrown crops. A gardeners work is truly never done but don't let that put you off having a go. Mind stimulation, being active and a huge sense of satisfaction from seeing things evolve from your own fair hands outweighs the hard work put in! Looks like I need to carry on being wicked!!
Until next time


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In DPOD, navigate to Manage > Internal Health > Agents. The reported SyslogAgent(s) are red in color. DPOD is not providing any analytical data. Why are the agents showing in red and how do you resolve this issue?
Answer by littles (659) | Jun 20, 2017 at 11:08 AM
This issue can be caused by the time on the DataPower and the time on DPOD are not synchronized. If there is a time difference between both, this can cause a problem with the data reported. After synchronizing the time between DataPower and DPOD, the agent's status should turn green again.
If The time zone / time on DPOD need to be change please follow the procedure:
Login to DPOD via SSH
Find the wanted time zone using : timedatectl list-timezones example : for finding new York time zone i will use: timedatectl list-timezones |grep New_York The output is : America/New_York
Set the wanted time zone using the command: timedatectl set-timezone
example : timedatectl set-timezone "America/New_York"
Verify the new time zone (no restart is needed) : timedatect
To set the date and time on DPOD follow the procedure:
To set the time use the command : timedatectl set-time HH:MM:SS
To set the date use the command : timedatectl set-time YYYY-MM-DD
110 people are following this question.
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Using DPOD 1.0.2, using the "Enable Reports Output FileReports = true" option does not generate a report. How to resolve this problem? 1 Answer


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Friday's Broadcast: Shelton at West Haven - Showdown at Ken Strong Stadium
Friday night's Broadcast - the Showdown at Ken Strong Stadium in West Haven - Shelton(5-1) at West Haven(6-0) 6:55 on News Radio 960WELI, 960WELI.com & iheartradio. This promises to be an all out war. Shelton lost their opening game to Cheshire, but have rattled off 5 wins in a row. West Haven thus far is unbeaten. It should be a dandy.
Follow the game on the 960WELI Facebook Page. Of course, LIKE the Page while there, then follow the Video highlights, pregame interviews with the coaches, the Halftime Analysis with Brian Goralnik and Chris Ruggiero and the Post Game interview with the Player of the Game with Brian Goralnik. It puts you at the game with us.
Also, check out the Video highlights from Thursday night's game - a Wilbur Cross victory over East Haven 51-0.
One other score from Thursday - Ansonia 61 Seymour 6
Plus I'll have scores from other games being played around the state.
So fasten your seat belts - and join me 6:55pm on News Radio 960WELI, 960WELI.com & iheartradio - High School Football - Week 8 Shelton at West Haven!


text: 2019-12-16T01:29:28+03:30 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=148&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 148-8671 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Sperm Parameters and Embryological Development after In Vitro Fertilization in Phenylhydrazine-Treated Mice Aliakbar Mozaffari firstname.lastname@example.com Rassul Shahrooz Abbas Ahmadi Hassan Maleki Nejad Karim Mardani Background and purpose: Oxidative stress is amongst the factors that change the parameters of sperm and embryo development. This study investigated the protective effects of vitamin E on sperm parameters and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). Materials and methods: In the present study, male mice were divided into four groups to recieve physiological saline (control group), PHZ, vitamin E +PHZ, and vitamin E. Female mice were used for In Vitro Fertilization. Thirty five days after treatments, the male mice were euthanized and their sperm parameters were studied. Stimulating ovule development was done. The animals were euthanized, and then the ova were fertilized. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS applying ANOVA. Results: Compared to the control group, the mean percentage of sperms with damaged DNA, lack of nuclear maturation, and abnormal morphology increased significantly in PHZ group, which was improved by antioxidants (P<0.05). In PHZ group, the mean percentage of fertility, blastocyst, and blocked embryos increased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05). But considerable improvements were seen in these parameters after receiving vitamin E. Conclusion: Current study showed that vitamin E could improve sperm indicators and embryological development in vitro. Therefore, it is recommended in order to improve the aforementioned parameters. vitamin E Phenylhydrazine sperm quality IVF mice 2017 12 01 1 15 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-8671-en.pdf 148-8932 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 Studying the Polymorphism in the Gene Encoding Interleukin-17 [rs4711998 (A/G)] with PCR-RFLP in Patients with Brucellosis Compared with Healthy Subjects: A Case-Control Study Hamed Farhadi Kohan email@example.com Fariba Keramat Hassan Mahmoudi Alireza Zamani Massoud Saidijam Mohammad Ebrahim Ghaffari Sima Kazemi Mohammad Yousef Alikhani firstname.lastname@example.com Background and purpose: Brucellosis is a systemic infection caused by gram-negative coccobacilli and facultative intracellular bacteria of the genus Brucella. Interleukin-17 is one of the important cytokines that plays a role in controlling host immune response in patients with brucellosis. The aim of this study was to investigate polymorphism of the genes encoding IL-17 in patients with brucellosis compared to healthy subjects. Materials and methods: This case-control study included 86 patients with brucellosis who were selected based on clinical symptoms, serology, culture and PCR results. The control group composed of 86 healthy people. The polymorphism gene encoding Interleukin-17 was evaluated in both groups by PCR-RELP method. Results: Current study showed that the frequencies of AA [OR=0.047 (95%CI: 0.01-0.12)] and GG [OR=337.20 (95%CI: 20.49-5541.39] were significant at position -1998 (G/A) in both cases and controls [P-values (AA) and (GG) = 0.001]. But, the frequency of AA genotypes in the control group was greater than the frequency of GG genotype in patients. The odds ratio for catching brucellosis in people who have genotype GG was 41 times higher than those who have genotype AA. Conclusion: Findings showed that, AA and AG genotypes at -1998 (A/G) position are more important. So, the risk of brucellosis in people with GG genotype at position -1998 was higher than that in people with AA genotype. In other words, people with AA genotype are more protected against brucellosis at this position. Interleukin-17 cytokines brucellosis polymorphism 2017 12 01 16 26 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-8932-en.pdf 148-9485 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 Effectiveness of Group Counseling Based on Reality Therapy on Sexual Satisfaction in Women Maryam Mohammadi Naeimeh Akbari Torkestani email@example.com Fatemeh Mehrabi Rezveh Background and purpose: Sexual dysfunction is common among women. It affects all aspects of a women's life. Many of these problems could be treated in early stages via counseling. So, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group counseling based on Reality Therapy on sexual satisfaction in women. Materials and methods: A clinical trial was conducted in Arak, Iran 2016. The participants included 40 women attending five health centers. They were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly assigned into either a control group or an experimental group. Experimental group took part in counseling sessions based on Reality Therapy (8 sessions, 90 minutes, twice a week) while the control group received no intervention. Data was collected using personal characteristic form and Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSSQ). They were completed by the participants before and four weeks after the intervention. Results: The mean scores for sexual satisfaction in intervention and control groups were 81±13.78 and 79.85±12.3 before the counseling, showing no significant differences between the two groups (P=0.7). But after Reality Therapy, the values significantly changed in intervention group (97.39±13.79 vs. 85.4±20.5) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Counseling based on Reality Therapy was found effective in improving sexual satisfaction in women. counseling reality therapy sexual satisfaction 2017 12 01 27 36 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-9485-en.pdf 148-9729 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 Frequency of Psychiatric and Psychological Disorders in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mollod Eskandari Khanghahi Hamzeh Hosseini Ozra Akha firstname.lastname@example.com Mahdie Nasiri Background and purpose: Evidence shows many kinds of psychological disorders and problems in interpersonal and social communications associated with diabetes. Such problems reduce the quality of life of people involved. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with type II diabetes. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 202 type II diabetic patients with at least one year experience of the disease attending endocrine clinic in Sari, Iran 2015. Data collection was carried out using a demographic questionnaire, the SCID-I and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Data was analyzed in SPSSV20. Results: The mean duration of diabetes was 9.67±6.6 years. Among the patients 25.4% had major depressive disorder, 34% had obsessive-compulsive disorder, and 4.6% were found with generalized anxiety disorder. According to SCID-I, 9.57% had at least one psychiatric disorder and based on GHQ-28, 37% had mental health problems. Conclusion: High prevalence of mental disorders was found in patients with type II diabetes. These disorders have negative impacts on the control and treatment of diabetes, therefore, psychiatric consultations on a regular basis are necessary to avoid further problems. diabetes psychiatric disorders mental health 2017 12 01 37 45 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-9729-en.pdf 148-8568 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 Efficacy of Motivational Interviewing on Self-efficacy in Patients with Heart Failure and Depression Ali Navidian Hajar Mobaraki firstname.lastname@example.com Mansour Shakiba Background and purpose: Low self-efficacy is a major barrier that plays a significant role in non-adherence to self-care practices in patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) and depression. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on self-efficacy in CHF patients with depressed mood in two hospitals in Zahedan, south east of Iran, 2016. Materials and methods: A randomized clinical trial was carried out in 82 patients suffering from heart failure, who were confined in hospital and whose depression was confirmed by Beck's questionnaire and a mental status examination. They were randomly divided into intervention and control groups (n= 41 per group). The Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease was administered. The intervention group received four sessions of self-care behavior education (based on principles of motivational interviewing), and the control group received four routine sessions of self-care behavior education. Eight weeks after the intervention, the level of self-efficacy was evaluated in both groups. Data was analyzed applying paired t-tests, independent t-tests, Chi-square test and analysis of covariance. Results: The mean score for self-efficacy was significantly higher in intervention group (42.92 ±4.13), compared to that in the control group (37.21±5.16) (P= 0.0001). Conclusion: Motivational interviewing had a significant positive effect on adherence to self-efficacy in patients with heart failure and depression. Therefore, using motivational interviewing is recommended in these patients. )Clinical Trials Registry Number: IRCT2016092529954N2( motivational interviewing self-efficacy heart failure depression education 2017 12 01 46 59 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-8568-en.pdf 148-8729 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 Comparing Retention of Flowable Composite Resin and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Sealant Mahsan Sheshmani Zahra Ghelichkhani Malihe Lotfian firstname.lastname@example.com Background and purpose: Deep fissures of occlusal surface in recently erupted first permanent molars are prone to accumulation of bacterial plaque. Sealing these fissures by appropriate flowing materials, as pit and fissure sealants, is a conservative way to prevent caries. The purpose of this study was to compare retention of flowable composite resin by resin modified glass ionomer sealant in six months period. Materials and methods: The occlusal surfaces of the first permanent mandibular molars of 50 children aged 6 to 12 attending pediatric department in dental school affiliated with Qazvin University of Medical Sciences were assessed via Williams probe, intra-oral mirror, and diagnodent. After confirming absence of caries, flowable composite resin were placed on the left first permanent mandibular molars, and resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) were placed on the opposite side. After 6 months, 46 patients referred for follow up, in whom the retention of sealants was assessed using sharp explorer and intra-oral mirror, and caries were assessed via diagnodent. Data was analyzed in SPSS20 applying Chi- square test. Results: The retention of flowable composite (91.3%) was significantly more than that of the resin modified glass ionomer (56.5%) (P<0.05). There were no cases with total loss of material in flowable composite. No caries were observed using the diagnodent. Conclusion: The flowable composite resin could be used as a fissure sealant agent, due to its greater retention compared to resin modified glass ionomer. flowable composite resin pit and fissure sealants retention resin modified glass ionomer 2017 12 01 60 70 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-8729-en.pdf 148-10604 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 Factors Affecting Iran's Population Aging, 2016 Soraya Mohammadi Jamshid Yazdani Charati firstname.lastname@example.com Nooredin Mousavinasab Background and purpose: Increase in elderly population of a country requires new policies and plans. Therefore, it is necessary to study the state of aging in the country and different provinces. This research aimed to study the status of population aging based on the recent census data and identifying effective factors in Iran. Materials and methods: Indicators of population aging, including the median age, dependency ratio, growth rate, sex ratio, illiteracy ratio, potential support ratio, parent support ratio, labor force participation, and general fertility rate were calculated for 31 provinces based on the population census information in 2016. Then multiple regression was used to identify the relationship between ageing and the indices aforementioned, in R package. Results: According to the results, the elderly population in Iran included 51% females and 49% males. General fertility rate and potential support ratio were found to have significant effects on ageing (P<0.05). The lowest and highest rates of aging were seen in Sistan and Baluchestan (12.7) and Gilan provinces (74.5), respectively. Conclusion: Aging and its inevitable socio-economic, health and cultural consequences call for further (special) services for elderly population. Also, using the experience of other countries could be of great benefit. population ageing Iran multiple regression 2017 12 01 71 78 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-10604-en.pdf 148-9716 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 SWOT Analysis of Implementation of Urban Family Physician Plan from the Perspective of Beneficiaries: A Qualitative Study Ghasem Abedi Aboalfazl Marvi firstname.lastname@example.com Saied Amir Soltani Kentaie Ehsan Abedini Mehran Asadi Aliabadi Khadije Safizadehe Chamokhtari Alireza Abasi Chaleshtari Background and purpose: Urban family physician was implemented as a pilot project in Fars and Mazandaran provinces in Iran since 2012. This study aimed at SWOT analysis of urban family physician from the perspective of beneficiaries. Materials and methods: This qualitative research was conducted through in-depth and semi-structured interviews in 2016. Nine people including faculty members, family physicians, senior managers and health professionals who were fully informed about the family physician project. They were selected via purposive sampling. Verbatim transcription of interview data was done and analyzed using framework method. Results: The main strengths included health services provision, easy accessibility to health services, classification of services, and decrease in unnecessary costs. The weak points according to SWOT analysis included management and planning, human resources, physical resources, referral system, electronic health records, payment mechanism, health services purchasing organizations, intersectoral coordination, and assessment and control systems. Authorities' support, legal backing, educated human resources, and capacity of private section along public section were identified as the opportunities of the project. Furthermore, failure in public-private sector cooperation, health market and, society needs were considered as the threats. Conclusion: This study showed the strengths and weaknesses of family physician plan, and the opportunities and threats it is faced with. Hence, it is necessary to find solutions and perform necessary interventions in order to eliminate the weaknesses and threats and maintain and improve the strengths and opportunities before its implementation throughout the country. urban physician family SWOT referral system electronic health records payment mechanism 2017 12 01 79 93 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-9716-en.pdf 148-9796 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 Efficiency of Silver Doped Titanium Dioxide Stabilized on Concrete Bed in Removal of Phenol by Photocatalytic Processes in Synthetic Sewage Ahmad Joneydi Jafari Majid Kermani Ali Esrafili Mohamad Basham email@example.com Background and purpose: Phenol is amongst the dangerous environmental pollutants with wide applications in today's life and industry. Nanoparticles have recently received attention for decomposition of these organic compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of silver doped titanium dioxide stabilized on concrete bed via photocatalytic process Ag-TiO2/UV in removal of phenol from synthetic wastewater. Materials and methods: In this experimental-applied study, the volume of sample was 1000 ml. Initial concentrations were 10, 20, 50, and 100 mg/l and the samples were separately investigated under the effect of UV radiation and Ag-TiO2. The experiment was then performed under both conditions simultaneously. The variables included pH, initial phenol concentration, storage time, and photocatalyst loading. Phenol analysis was carried out by direct light metering with 4-aminoantipyrine reagent at 500 nm wavelength spectrophotometer according to standard method D5530. We studied the pH in three ranges (5, 7, and 10) and photocatalyst in three regions (20, 60, and 80 g/m2). Results: Based on the results, the highest levels of phenol decomposition were achieved by initial concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/l in optimal pH (3) at 40 and 80 minutes (100%), and initial concentrations of 50 and 100 mg at 180 and 200 minutes retention time in optimal pH (65% and 50%, respectively). The optimal photocatalyst loading rate was 80 g/m2. Conclusion: This study showed that the Ag-TiO2 nanophotocatalyst stabilized on a concrete bed, is efficient in phenol decomposition in presence of UV light. titanium dioxide doped with silver photocatalytic degradation phenol stabilized industrial wastewater 2017 12 01 94 111 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-9796-en.pdf 148-9805 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 Humic Substances in Water Treatment Plants in Sari and Gorgan and Efficacy of Catalytic Ozonation in their Removal and Mineralization Mohammad Ali Zazouli firstname.lastname@example.com Yousef Dadban Shahamat email@example.com Jamshid Yazdani Charati firstname.lastname@example.com Mitra Roohafzaee firstname.lastname@example.com Background and purpose: Presence of natural organic substances in surface water supplies could be harmful and have adverse effects on drinking water treatment due to many practical and hygiene reasons. This study aimed at investigating the efficiency of catalytic ozonation process in removal and mineralization of humic substances in water resources in north of Iran. Materials and methods: Water treatment plants in Gorgan and Sari were studied (2017). First, the concentration of humic substances was measured in water. Then catalytic ozonation process (COP) of the water samples were performed using semi-continuous cylindrical reactor. The effects of some parameters such as reaction time (0-60 min) and catalyst dosage (0 and 3 g/L) on removal efficiency and mineralization of humic substances were investigated. After determining the kinetics constants of reactions, the removal efficiencies were compared between COP and single ozonation process (SOP). Results: The concentrations of humic substances in water samples in Sari and Gorgan were 15.22 ± 5.39 and 18.62 ± 6.16 mg/L, respectively. The efficiency of removal of humic acid and its mineralization in the COP process under optimal conditions for Naharkhoran, Sari Salim Bahram, and Alangdare water treatment plants, were 100, 84.21, 88.18%, and 100, 83.4, and 78.03%, respectively. The reaction kinetics were first-order and their rates were 2.6, 2.9, and 3.7 folds more than those of the COP process, respectively Conclusion: Using magnetic activated carbon catalyst coupled with ozonation process, compared to SOP, is 40% more efficient in removal of humic substances. Also, by reducing the ozonation time and the easy recovery of the catalyst and improving the process efficiency it reduces the costs. humic acid catalytic ozonation catalyst magnetic activated carbon 2017 12 01 112 127 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-9805-en.pdf 148-9406 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 Source Identification and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) in Coastal Sediment of Caspian Sea; Guilan Province Mohsen Mohammadi Galangash firstname.lastname@example.com Zohreh Ebrahimi Sirizi email@example.com Background and purpose: The Caspian Sea is the largest lake in the world. Due to having a long coastal line, population areas, agricultural and industrial activity its have always been exposed to variety of pollutants. Due to variaty effects of pollutant on aquatic life and human, periodic investigation of pollutant in water bodis is wery important. Materials and methods: In this study, oil pollution and heavy metal (nickel and vanadium) contamination of sediment and gamaros samples from Guilan province coasts were investigated. For hydrocarbon analyze, the samples were extracted with a Soxhlet extractor and analyzed with (GC-MS). In order to heavy metals analyzes, samples were digested with HNO3 /HCL (1:3) and analysed with ICP-OES spectrometers. Results: Total mean concentration of PAHs in sediment and Living tissue was 19.8 ng/g and 35.4 ng/g respectively. Also total mean concentration of TPH in sediment and Living tissue was 11.4 µg/g and 38.4 µg/g respectively. mean concentration of nickel and vanadium in sediment was 16.45 µg/g and 45 µg/g respectively also mean concentration of nickel and vanadium in soft tissue was 2.16 µg/g and 2.06 µg/g respectively. Conclusion: Ratio values of PAH compounds were calculated to evaluate the possible source of PAH contamination. This ratios suggesting that this reagain have a petrogenic and pyrogenic input of PAHs. Sediment quality guidelines were conducted to assess the toxicity of PAH compounds. The levels of total PAHs at all of stations were below the effects range low. Also, concentrations of nickel and vanadium were below the standards. Caspian Sea Gilan province Nickel Vanadium PAHs. 2017 12 01 128 140 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-9406-en.pdf 148-9602 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 Tracing Antibiotic Compounds (amoxicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin and cephalexin) in Karaj River, Iran 2015 Samar Mortazavi email@example.com Parisa Norozi Fard firstname.lastname@example.com Background and purpose: Karaj River is the biggest aquatic ecosystem in Alborz province which is exposed to a variety of pharmaceutical pollutants. These pollutants have adverse effects of on surface water, biota and even humans. This research aimed to evaluate the level of contamination caused by widely used antibiotics in Karaj River, effluent, and wastewater treatment plants in 20 stations. Materials and methods: Sample preparation and filtration was done and concentrations of pharmaceutical pollutants were measured using HPLC (mobile phase). Data analysis was performed in SPSS V21. Results: The mean concentrations of antibiotics in Karaj River were as follow: amoxicillin 2.305, erythromycin, 2.229, gentamicin 2.231, and cephalexin 2.325 µg/l. In treatments plants higher concentrations of these antibiotics were found: amoxicillin 7.240, erythromycin 7.301, gentamicin, 7.390, and cephalexin 6.779 µg/l. In wastewater treatment plants the mean concentrations of amoxicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, and cephalexin were 5.289, 5.362, 5.344, and 4.608 µg/l, respectively. Conclusion: According to the significant positive correlation between the concentration of such pollutants in water samples, sewage and wastewater, the main reasons for entering these pollutants are believed to be the pharmaceutical residue discharges in urine and sanitary sewer network, septic tanks and sewage discharge of untreated aquaculture facilities in Karaj River. Inefficient treatment processes in controlling and reducing antibiotics are the main causes of high concentration of these pollutants in the environment that needs urgent control. pharmaceutical pollution antibiotics wastewater Karaj River sewage 2017 12 01 141 156 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-9602-en.pdf 148-8686 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 Molecular Study of Plasmid Genes Ampc of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Clinical Cases Using Multiplex PCR Sajad Fekri email@example.com Mohammad Java Soltani Banavandi firstname.lastname@example.com MoKumarss Amini email@example.com Background and purpose: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that remains persistent in the environment for a long time. The eradication of this bacteria is difficult, since it has the ability to acquire antibiotic resistance. The aims of this study were to identify the ampC plasmid-mediated genes and antibiotic sensitivity of Acinetobacter baumannii strains. Materials and methods: Sixty strains of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from wound, urine, blood, and respiratory secretions were used. The presence of ampC plasmid-mediated genes including FOX, MOX, DHA, ACC and CIT were evaluated by Multiplex PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 5 antibiotics was performed for all isolates. Results: Multiplex PCR results showed that 39 samples (65%) had the CIT gene, 36 (60%) had the DHA gene, 12 (20%) had the MOX gene and 8 samples (13.3%) harboured ACC and FOX genes. Based on antibiogram results, the highest rate of resistance was found to cefepime (95%) and the highest rate of sensitivity was to gentamicin (45%). Conclusion: Current study showed a high percentage of ampC plasmid-mediated genes and also high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Acinetobacter baumannii antibiotic resistance ampC Multiplex PCR. 2017 12 01 157 162 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-8686-en.pdf 148-9057 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 BMI of Students in Five Ethnic Groups in Iran and Its Relationship with Some Demographic and Familial Variables Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh Majzobeh Taheri Bahram Tahmasby Zahra Hassanzadeh-Rostami Zhaleh Abdi Davoud Nasrollahpour Shirvani firstname.lastname@example.com Background and purpose: Nowadays, increasing body mass index (BMI) in adolescents that is caused by different factors is a major health threat in communities. This study aimed to determine the BMI of students and associated factors in 5 Iranian ethnic groups. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in high school students aged 12-14 years, from 5 ethnic groups, including Arab, Kurd, Sistani/Baluchi, Turk, and Turkaman. They were selected through random stratified sampling in winter 2015. Data was collected via a questionnaire containing open and closed questions in three sections: demographic, contextual, and dependent variables. The students were classified into four categories: underweight, normal, overweight, and obese according to their BMI. Data analysis was then conducted in SPSS18. Results: A total of 2444 students was studied of whom 51.9% were females and 56.9% lived in urban areas. The mean BMI of students was 19.7±3.9 kg/m2 and 24.2% were overweight and obese. The highest and lowest rates of overweight and obesity were found in Arabs and Sistani/Baluchi, respectively. In this study, the relationships between BMI and 25 variables were investigated. We observed significant relationships between BMI and ethnicity, having a family car, maternal diabetes, number of children, type of birth, physiological maturity and how to travel between home and school (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to this study, the BMI in almost a quarter of the students was higher than the normal range. Some personal and family factors could increase students' BMI. Therefore, interventions to screen and control the BMI in students are needed. body mass index adolescent students overweight obesity 2017 12 01 163 169 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-9057-en.pdf 148-10033 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 Effect of Spouses' Educational Program on Quality of Life of their Pregnant Wives Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Gharateka email@example.com Zahra Emami Moghandam Nahid Golmakani Hamid Reza Behnam Vashshani Background and purpose: Expectant fathers are directly associated with the quality of life of their wives during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an educational program held for husbands on quality of life in pregnant women. Materials and methods: A clinical trial was conducted in expectant fathers whose wives attended Mashhad Shariati Hospital, 2016. Convenient sampling was done and the subjects were selected based on the study's inclusion criteria. They were assigned into either an experimental group (n=31) or a control group (n=30). The educational program was held in three sessions and the main topics included physical, and psychological problems, and nutritional needs associated with pregnancy. No intervention was done in the control group. Women's quality of life was measured before and then a month after the intervention. Data was analyzed by Variance, mean, t-test, and Fisher test. Results: The educational program increased the total score for quality of life in intervention group (506.9±44.5 vs. 538.9±27.7, p‹0.001). Conclusion: Educational program held for expectant fathers could increase the quality of life in pregnant women. pregnancy pregnant women quality of life spouses training 2017 12 01 170 175 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-10033-en.pdf 148-10323 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 Radiographic Image Quality in Referral Hospitals, Sari, Iran 2017 Gholamreza Fallah Mohammadi firstname.lastname@example.com Ali Mohammadi firstname.lastname@example.com Aida Alizamani email@example.com Nastaran Kiumarsi firstname.lastname@example.com Hossein Shemirani Background and purpose: Image quality together with low patient dose is two important goals in radiography procedures. Acquire radiographic images with inadequate quality give rise to uselessly patient dose, improper diagnosis, waste the cost and impose the biological effect to the patients. In this study image quality was evaluated for most common radiographic procedures based on indentified image quality criteria in Sari referral governmental hospitals. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study more than 1200 radiographic images were evaluated for adult patients in two referral hospitals in Sari. Image quality were assessed based on identified image criteria in the Commission of European Communities guidelines and Merrill's atlas. Image evaluation were done in two image criteria as anatomical visibility and radiographic indicators. Results: Mean radiographic images which met all quality criteria on anatomical visibility evaluation in Imam Khomeini and Bu-ali sina hospital were %71.9 ± 9.8. The Highest quality adherence was in image edge sharpness as a important radiographic criteria. Lumbar spine radiography had the best image quality in two hospital than the other radiographs. Conclusion: This study shown that radiographic images in referral governmental hospital in sari had good quality. Having the deep inspiration of patient in chest radiography and proper field size in skull radiography improves radiographic image quality criteria adherence in two hospitals, considerably. Evaluation image quality radiography 2017 12 01 176 180 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-10323-en.pdf 148-9888 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 A Case Report of Sporadic Burkitt\'s Lymphoma of Mandible with Involvement of Breast and Multiple Pelvic and Abdominal Organs Elham Sadat Banimostafvi email@example.com Sahar Oladzadeh Alireza Sanei Motlagh Maryam Tayebi Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is a poorly differentiated B-cell lymphoma. It is rare and in Africa as well as occurs most often in children and young adults. In general, BL includes about 1-2 % of all lymphomas in adults, especially those under 35 years of age, and it can be highly malignant and progressive. Herein, we report a 34-year-old woman with complains of toothache. Followed by drainage of mandibular abscess, soft tissue mass appeared in left mandible that was removed by surgical excision and histopathology report confirmed the diagnosis of BL. CT scan findings revealed involvement of abdominopelvic cavity organs, breast and orbital cavity. This type of tumor is very progressive, therefore, early detection and immediate treatment by accurate imaging could help to determine the extent of tumor. Sporadic Burkitt's Lymphoma Mandible CT scan 2017 12 01 181 186 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-9888-en.pdf 148-9325 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 Association between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Spontaneous Abortion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Mahmood Moosazadeh Morteza Banakar Dariush Behbahani Maryam Akbari Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh Minoo Mohamadkhani Reza Tabrizi Background and purpose: Contradictory evidences indicate that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increase the risk of spontaneous abortion (SA). Therefore, in a systematic review and meta- analysis we investigated the association between GDM and SA. Materials and methods: Relevant articles published between January 2000 and April 2016 were identified by a systematic search in national and international databases. Eligible studies were included in meta-analysis after quality assessment. We also determined the heterogenic index using Cochran's test (Q) and I2. Based on the heterogenetic results, a random effect model was performed to combine the results. Stata software was used for data analyses. Results: A total of 26 studies was included in current meta-analysis in which SA was reported in 2280 pregnant women with GDM. But in 24145 pregnant women without GDM SA occurred in 2386. Significant heterogeneity was observed between the results (P< 0.001, I-square=68.3, Q=30.6). According to the findings, total odds ratio of SA among pregnant women with GDM was 3.01 times more than that in pregnant women without GDM (95% CI: 2.38–3.82). Conclusion: Appropriate control and screening for GDM in pregnant women could reduce the risk of SA. gestational diabetes spontaneous abortion meta-analysis 2017 12 01 187 195 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-9325-en.pdf 148-10293 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 Effects of Dexamethasone on Hepatic Ischemia-reperfusion Injuries Vahid Akbari Kordkheyli Setareh Zarpou Pooneh yazdani Abbas Khonakdar Tarsi email@example.com Ischemia-reperfusion injuries (IRI) are the major causes of liver failure after various types of liver surgeries such as biopsy, transplantation, and tumor surgery. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial and complex that involves ATP depletion, hepatocyte edema, acidosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and microcirculation defect which can eventually progress to liver cell death, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and even acute graft rejection. There are much evidences that suggest applying anti-inflammatory drugs could be a proper strategy to decrease IRI. Dexamethasone is a highly potent synthetic corticosteroid that its beneficial effects on various tissues in IRI are well documented. It also suppresses inflammation and immune response in different pathologic conditions. Its functional mechanism is different in various types of cells and involves: inactivation of NF-κB and AP-1, inhibition of releasing PLA2 and arachidonic acid, and induction of ERK1/2 and SGK-1. By these processes dexamethasone is able to prevent cytokine overproduction and leukocyte activation, recruitment and infiltration. In this review, we aimed to explain the protective effects of dexamethasone on liver ischemia-reperfusion injuries. ischemia reperfusion dexamethasone inflammation 2017 12 01 196 209 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-10293-en.pdf 148-9519 2019-12-16 10.1002 Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 1735-9260 1735-9279 2017 27 155 Organophosphorus Compounds and Brain GABAergic System Zohreh Zare email@example.com Moslem Mohammadi email@example.com Organophosphorus (OP) compounds are cholinesterase inhibitors widely used as pesticides in agriculture and nerve agents in battlefields. Exposure to these compounds leads to accumulation of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses and overstimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Seizure activity is one of the major manifestations of OP poisoning that is produced as a result of hyperstimulation of brain muscarinic receptors and subsequent recruitment of other neurotransmitter systems. Disruption of the excitatory/inhibitory balance can lead to OP-induced seizure activity and subsequent brain damages. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian central nervous system, is synthesized from glutamate by glutamic acid decarboxylase and modulates neuronal excitability. After release, GABA binds to two different types of receptors: ionotrpic (GABAA and GABAC) and metabotropic (GABAB) receptors. Drugs that enhance GABAA-mediated inhibition are effective in treatment of OP-induced seizures. There is discrepancy in the literatures regarding changes on brain GABAergic system during OP intoxication. This review discusses the mechanism and toxic effects of OP compounds, brain GABAergic system, and how it changes following exposure to OP compounds. organophosphorus compounds gamma-aminobutyric acid acetylcholinesterase seizure 2017 12 01 210 224 http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-9519-en.pdf


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In Which a Jeopardy category far in the future illuminates a star-crossed romance far in the past
A: Like any good Rapunzel, she downed her hair.
Q: Who is Clare de Lune?
A: They were where Clare and Hot Face met.
Q: What were the darkened docks, where the hulls of ships knocked together in the shadows?
A: 72.3 degrees Centigrade.
Q: What was the temperature of Hot Face's face when he looked for the second time on her unveiled face, and for the first on the moonlit mass of hair she was gathering up once more into a bun?
A: A kiss, of course.
Q: What did the two exchange after he had finished assisting her with her coiffure?
A: "I can get you as far as Iberia."
Q: What did Clare de Lune tell him after he had offered to trade his visions of stardom for her hand in marriage and she had confessed that, although she loved him truly, she would neither dishonor her family nor impugn the dignity of his dreams.


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Before You Begin
You must be in the zone at the label of the file system that you want to mount. You must be the root role.
The address might be directly assigned, or indirectly assigned through a wildcard mechanism. The address can be in a labeled or unlabeled template.
The label must be consistent with the label at which you are trying to mount the files.
If the label is higher than the label of the mounted file system, then you cannot write to the mount even if the remote file system is exported with read/write permissions. You can only write to the mounted file system at the label of the mount.
To mount file systems from any of these servers, the server must be assigned to an unlabeled template.


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Source: Structural reforms crucial for turnaround | Daily News
ZIMBABWE's economy has for long been dogged by multiple man-created obstacles, confining it in the abyss it has been struggling to get out of for decades.
Once these obstacles are removed economic growth is realised through liberalising labour as well as product and service markets, developments that spur job creation and productivity.
Currently, unemployment is over 80 percent although government's official statistics put it at much lower than that.
The new dispensation led by President Emmerson Mnangagwa has claimed "Zimbabwe is open for business" but the fundamental conditions on the ground have not changed much from the repulsive ones that obtained during the reign of his predecessor — former president Robert Mugabe.
The ease of doing business, we are told has improved significantly but more needs to be done to attract foreign direct investment.
Besides, corruption has cost the economy dearly over the years and has almost become institutionalised.
So many cases that have been put into the public domain still have not found closure, denting the verve that Mnangagwa's anti-graft crusade seemed to reflect when he took over the reins from Mugabe.
Finance minister Mthuli Ncube last year introduced austerity measures that were expected to, among other things, cut government expenditure.
However, on the one hand, the austerity seems not to be shared as the elites seems to be living large while ordinary citizens continue to survive on the periphery of economic activity, enduring abject poverty.
On the other hand, efforts to generate revenue for government through, for instance the two percent transactional tax, have increased the appetite to spend for government, whose penchant for profligacy is well-documented.
The country is rich in mineral wealth with diamonds, gold and platinum among the top earners in that sector.
However, some of the mineral produce finds its way out through the country's porous borders as producers try to earn the elusive United States dollar.
Tobacco farmers recently withdrew their crop from the auction floors following disagreements over payment methods. Golden leaf farmers expected payment for their crop in US dollars, a currency that would ensure they would preserve value.
This would allow them to pay for inputs for forthcoming seasons as well as pay their employees back at the farms.
If the farmers are not incentivised, chances are they may not be able to produce next season, dealing a deadly blow to one of the country's chief foreign currency earners.


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Recent Updates
- China: International Trade (Nov)
- US: Consumer Credit, Wholesale Trade (Oct), Consumer Sentiment (Dec- prelim), Employment Situation (Nov)
- Global Sector PMI (Nov)
- more updates...
Economy in Brief
U.S. Consumer Credit Usage Accelerates
Consumer Credit Outstanding increased $18.90 billion (4.8% y/y during October...
U.S. Wholesale Inventories Edge Up While Sales Slump
Wholesale inventories edged up 0.1% m/m (+3.8% y/y) in October...
U.S. Trade Deficit Shrinks as Imports Fall Sharply
The U.S. trade deficit in goods and services declined to $47.20 billion during October...
U.S. Factory Sector Orders Increase; Inventory Growth Decelerates
Factory orders improved 0.3% (-1.2% y/y) during October...
U.S. Initial Claims for Unemployment Insurance Fall to 7-Month Low
Initial claims for unemployment insurance fell 10,000 to 203,000 (-11.4% y/y) during the week ending November 30...
by Robert Brusca January 11, 2019
The aggregated sector EMU totals for industrial production are not yet in, but there is a considerable country detail available and that shows widespread EMU weakness. Of the 11 EMU countries whose data are contained in the table, seven show output declines in November. All four of the largest EMU members show declines in November: Germany, France, Italy and Spain. The U.K., still an EU member and a large economy, also has an output decline logged for November.
In October, five EMU members plus the UK show IP declines; in September seven-EMU members show declines plus the U.K. This has turned into quite a string of weakness.
In the quarter-to-date, only five EMU countries plus the U.K. show output declines that tells us that the weakness is still relatively intense as it remains lodged in the larger economies.
IP is also falling in seven-EMU countries plus the U.K. over 12 months and that includes the four largest economies in the EMU. Clearly, the weakness in the EMU is now relatively long lived (nearly one year) and broad based with up to 7 of 11 member countries showing outright output declines in manufacturing. IP fell over three months for all four of the largest EMU countries and the U.K. starting in February 2018. And while the degree of weakness did not endure, that seems to have been the start of the let-down. Of course, the PMIs for the EMU over this period have been weakening, but the IP weakness seems to have gotten out in front of the PMI weakness.
For the countries in the table manufacturing output averages about 85% of its past cycle peak. Production is over 90% of its past peak in Germany, Portugal, the U.K., Norway, and the Netherlands. The Netherlands alone is hitting a new cycle peak for output; the U.K. is the next relative strongest with output at 96.9% of its past cycle peak. Greece, Spain and Italy- all Southern European members - have standings in their 70th percentile indicating no capacity pressure and much more room to grow.
Markets range from confused, to distressed, to pleased, over central bank policies. Germans are very happy that the ECB has stopped its special stimulus programs and generally want the ECB to continue to normalize policy apace. Others are more wary based on the evolution of economic data. In the U.S., we find some very happy that the Fed has moved up the fed funds rate to its current position and encourage the Fed to continue to hike rates back to a normal level. Others look at markets and are warier of what the Fed is doing; they are glad that it paused. Some are quite concerned over the weakness engendered by rate hikes to date in the U.S. housing sector. Even so, that impact has been lessened by the flattening in the yield curve since so many mortgages have a long duration. Many in markets are simply confused about Fed policy since inflation continues to be in hand and below the Fed's target and yet the Fed is still hiking rates. The current Fed policy is to pause amid what has been a lot of market turmoil. The pause has been well received globally. Turbulence in U.S. financial markets is quickly shared with overseas markets.
Knowing...and the danger of thinking we know
We are now at the cross roads where central banks have been headed for some time. The Fed in the U.S. has been tightening (raising rates) and shrinking its balance sheet. It is going to continue to shrink its balance sheet but will put tightening on a more patient path. That means the Fed is still tightening but not as rapidly and it is not a reversal of policy, just moderation. The question is: when will the ECB lift rates and begin its own balance sheet shrinkage? Can it even get there from here? The ECB has been planning to start these actions much later down the line. Will it be caught by economic weakness before it can get its rates higher? Those questions also apply to the BOE that has already cut rates then taken some of that back on Brexit concerns that have ebbed and flowed. Brexit in fact may be taking an unexpected turn into oblivion. News stories are now talking to Brexit supporters who seriously speak of the Brexit vote being recast and walked back. If Brexit goes away, there is a lot that has been done that may need to be undone. And confusion will stem from that as well. If Brexit is withdrawn, businesses will have outsourced work from the U.K. they did not need to. And EU governing bodies were relocated out of the U.K. since the U.K. was no longer to be a member. Would they come back? The un-Brexit will raise a lot of questions all on its own. And it is clear that we are now in a questioning stage of this economic cycle where nothing can be taken as given any more. Brexit is simply another unrelated example of how little we know about things we think we know.


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Far From Extinct: Eleven Years Into the Band's 'Temporary' Reunion, Dinosaur Jr. Is Celebrating Another Critically Praised AlbumSeptember 05 2016
When Dinosaur Jr. reunited in 2005 after an eight-year hiatus, the members intended to play together for a little while and again head their separate ways.
More than a decade later, Dinosaur Jr. remains together. The band will be appearing at the Desert Stars Festival at Pappy and Harriet's Pioneertown Palace on Friday and Saturday, Sept. 23 and 24.
Dinosaur Jr. released its first album, Dinosaur, in 1985, and all of the band's albums since—including Green Mind, Where You Been and Without a Sound, which were recorded with limited or no involvement from Lou Barlow and/or Murph—have received some degree of critical acclaim.
In 1997, frontman J. Mascis decided to retire Dinosaur Jr. However, in 2005, Mascis acquired the rights for the band's first three releases from SST Records so he could re-release them on Merge Records. That process began a dialogue between the three original members—and sparked the reunion.
Eleven years have passed since that reunion, and to nobody's surprise, Give a Glimpse of What Yer Not, released by Dinosaur Jr. on Aug. 5, is receiving praise from critics and fans alike. During a recent phone interview with drummer Murph, he said he remains shocked by the acclaim the band seemingly always receives.
"I'm really surprised," Murph said. "We just keep refining our sound, and J's getting better and better at songwriting. Everybody is honing their craft. We've gotten better playing together, I'm getting better as a drummer, and I think everything is subtly improving over time."
Even though the band's 2005 reunion was welcomed with open arms by critics and fans, it wasn't easy at first for the three members to play together again.
"The first couple of records we did, it was really stressful," Murph remembered. "We didn't really plan on doing this. J was going to re-release three records; we were going to tour for a year and a half behind those records and call it a day. We didn't really plan on going for this long and doing all of these records.
"When we started recording, there was a lot of pressure to make it good and succeed at it. If our relationships weren't better today, we wouldn't be able to do this. There would be no way. If we had the old baggage—the tension that we used to have—it would be unbearable, and we wouldn't be able to do it."
Murph elaborated on that previous "baggage."
"It was all personality quirks," he said. "We're all really different people, and we're all strong egos. We have different ways we live, and it was hard when we'd travel. It's still hard. When you're getting in each other's space, it can be really hard—especially when people aren't willing to compromise, and you want to stay the way you are. When you travel together, you have to be able to compromise on different things. You can't live like you're at home all the time."
The members of Dinosaur Jr. particularly enjoy performing at festivals.
"I think festivals are great, because you get to go to different places, and you have a mass audience," Murph said. "There are a lot of people there who are there for other bands, so you can walk away with new fans. I think it's all an upside, and it's a great thing."
That's not to say that Dinosaur Jr. doesn't ever feel out of place.
"The only time when I feel it's odd is when we play an extreme emo festival, where it's all, like, 20-year-olds and emo bands, and we're obviously like the grandfathers showing up," Murph said. "That's awkward, but it's still fun, and the kids are still psyched to see the show."
While Give a Glimpse of What Yer Not is receiving positive feedback, Murph said the process of creating the album was a bit unorthodox.
"This album was weird, because we didn't really have any material," he said. "I was kind of freaking out, because J was like, 'I don't have any songs.' We actually started reworking a song from J's other band that he had written. He had half a song, and we started with that, and it got the ball rolling. As soon as the process started, it just started churning out like a factory. Once that happened, J was recording demos in one room, and Lou and I were trying to keep up and learn them in another room. We were tracking in the morning, and it was crazy—but it was great. It opened up the floodgates, and then the record was done."
Murph explained why every Dinosaur Jr. album ends up being a surprise to him.
"I didn't hear any lyrics or anything, so I didn't get a sense of what the songs are going to sound like," he said of Give a Glimpse of What Yer Not. "It was even more of a surprise when I heard the finished product. Me and Lou aren't there when J does vocals. We've already left at that point, and we're not there, and he's recording the vocals by himself. We don't really know how it's going to sound until we hear the finished product. He and Lou both are pretty self-conscious and don't want people around when they're doing vocals. It's usually just them and the engineer on the days that they do vocals. It's always been like that."
Murph admitted that there is one Dinosaur Jr. album that is a personal favorite.
"I really like Where You Been, even though Lou isn't on that one," he said. "That was when things were really tight, and we had this amazing studio called Dreamland in Woodstock, N.Y., which is an old massive church with this wooden room. The drums sounded insane. Production-wise, that record is one of my overall favorites."
Dinosaur Jr. will perform as part of the Desert Stars Festival, which takes place Friday and Saturday, Sept. 23 and 24, at Pappy and Harriet's Pioneertown Palace, 53688 Pioneertown Road, in Pioneertown. Weekend passes are $125. For tickets or more information, visit www.desertstarsfestival.com.
Straining to Hear Rodriguez, Better Peppers and Being Wowed by Wu-Tang: The Coachella Weekend 2, Day 3 RecapApril 22 2013
They saved the best for last.
Day 3 of Coachella 2013's second weekend started off with blistering temperatures, but attendees came prepared. While a windstorm put a damper on the closing events of Coachella's first weekend, the winds on the second Sunday remained relatively calm.
While Saturday's schedule was heavy on the EDM, on Sunday, it was mostly about the rock. Throughout the Coachella's history, Day 3 has always seemed to feature the biggest acts.
The Gaslight Anthem took to the main stage at 3:30 p.m. One figures the New Jersey punk outfit would attract a sizable crowd, but the attendance was quite thin.
The band walked onstage and began performing without an intro and without addressing the crowd—and they suffered through technical difficulties throughout the set. Guitarist and lead vocalist Brian Fallon's microphone didn't appear to be loud enough; the guitar solos were low volume and barely present. Overall, the band's performance seemed … dull. The band—notable for being the closest thing to Bruce Springsteen within modern music—decided for some reason to cover Stone Temple Pilots' "Interstate Love Song" toward the end; they closed with "The Backseat," which was probably the best song of their set.
Too little, too late.
"I like them; they were on my list of bands that I wanted to see," said Karen, who came all the way from Toronto.
However, she was honest about the band's performance.
"I enjoyed them, even though the sound wasn't perfect. It was still worth seeing."
The eccentric and renowned Dinosaur Jr. performed on the Outdoor Theater stage at 5:10. The Massachusetts band—known for lead guitarist and vocalist J Mascis' perfection of the art of feedback—offered a variety of songs from throughout their career. The band's sound—which could be described as a combination of hardcore-punk, metal and psychedelic rock—made them a perfect act to follow Kurt Vile and the Violators. Mascis' Marshall stack amps were arranged in a feedback zone that he moved in and out of between vocals; on couple of songs, he ceded lead vocals to drummer Murph and bassist Lou Barlow. Toward the end of their set, Dinosaur Jr. played a cover of The Cure's "Just Like Heaven," in their own unique sound.
Rodriguez—the subject of the documentary Searching for Sugar Man, which won Best Documentary Feature honors at this year's Academy Awards—took the stage in the Gobi tent at 6:35 p.m. to an audience of die-hards excited to hear the newly famous Detroit musician, whose music became the soundtrack for the anti-Apartheid movement in South Africa, unbeknownst to Rodriguez. Rodriguez' folk sound, however, presented a problem: At the same time, Social Distortion was blasting throughout the entire festival; Tame Impala was performing in the nearby Outdoor Theater; and James Blake was performing in the neighboring Mojave tent (with Rza of Wu-Tang Clan making a special appearance during Blake's set).
When Rodriguez walked on to the stage, he was guided on each arm to his guitar and microphone due to the inoperable glaucoma that's causing him to go blind. When Rodriguez began his performance, the other bands easily drowned him out. Still, his fans got as close as they could to try to hear him. His performance of "I Wonder" early in his set led to loud applause when fans heard the opening bass line.
Despite all of the noise, Rodriguez and his backing band were on the ball. Fans began to trickle in after James Blake and Social Distortion were finished, just as Rodriguez began "Sugar Man," which sent smartphones up into the air to capture video or shoot photos. After a folk-sounding cover of Little Richard's "Lucille," Rodriguez began to lose a portion of the audience to some of the other performers about to go on stage, but nonetheless, Rodriguez delivered a strong performance until the very end.
Regarding the art exhibits of Coachella: When the sun sets, the night time is the right time, because many of the exhibits have lighting that makes them visually stunning. On Sunday night as Vampire Weekend played on the main stage, the exhibits in the areas closest to the main stage came alive for one last night.
The Balloon Chain looks more impressive at night as it moves through the festival with balloons lit and streaming across the night sky. Mirage lights up at night, putting an impressive accent on the Frank Lloyd Wright-inspired structure. The Do LaB's teepee-style tents glow at night, bringing out the different shades of the fabric.
One exhibit that grabbed attention throughout the weekend was the Poetic Kinetics' PK-107 Mantis. A cherry-picker-like structure with wings that look like they came off a jet fighter, Mantis moves up and down, looking like a giant, robotic praying mantis.
Lindsay, attending the festival all the way from Ireland, stood and watched it with curiosity
"It's quite spectacular. It really stands out at night time," he said.
Another attraction that could be seen moving around the festival at night were the Electric Butterfly Effect butterflies. They were illuminated in neon colors and looked like they were really moving.
In the evening, nothing is better than a ride on the Ferris wheel—one of the festival's most popular attractions. Despite an $8 ticket price, there was a long line on Sunday night.
A couple offered a very sentimental take on their Ferris wheel experience, stating that from up above, you can see the diversity of the festival. "You can see music bringing everyone together," said Karen from Pasadena.
Her friend, Matt from Palm Desert, agreed.
"It's such a great thing to get all these people together. It was kind of epic seeing everything up there going on at once," he said.
When it came to the last of the musical performances, the main stage seemed to lose a large percentage of the attendees' interest.
After the sun went down, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds took the stage, at 8:40 p.m. Cave's dark songwriting—referencing the Old and New Testament, plagued characters, and sometimes heartfelt sentiments—make him an unusual performer, and several people didn't know what to make of him. As he walked onto the stage—backed by a children's choir and with a woman doing sign language in front of the video monitor on the right side of the stage—he didn't have much of a crowd. As he started his first song, "From Her to Eternity," the choir provided a drone to Nick Cave's howling of the lyrics.
While performing "Deanna," the crowd sang along to the chorus of "Oh, Deanna, D-e-anna," giving Cave the crowd participation he deserved, before a good chunk of his audience moved over to the Outdoor Theater to wait for Wu-Tang Clan.
If there was one important lesson to be learned during Coachella 2013, it's this: Wu-Tang Clan ain't nothing to … mess with.
Wu-Tang attracted an audience at the Outdoor Theater that went into to the Main Stage area, around The Do LaB, and near the Gobi tent. Wu-Tang, backed by a large orchestra, rocked the audience with their hard-core hip-hop anthems from their legendary Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers) album. Wu-Tang's energetic set ran into the end of Nick Cave's set and into the beginning of Red Hot Chili Peppers set, holding the audience even as the Peppers took the stage. After Wu-Tang finished their set and wished the fans a happy late 4/20, the crowd at the quickly moved to the main stage area.
Last week's performance by the Red Hot Chili Peppers was plagued by a windstorm, and it seems that last week's attendees didn't get to see the full stage show by Hall of Fame inductees. The band's full stage show, with video monitors and much more colorful lighting, seemed to help the band perform a little better. Unfortunately, the set list didn't offer much of their early '90s classics other than "Give It Away."
While the Coachella 2013 lineup seemed a little lackluster, and too many performances were plagued by technical problems, scheduling problems, and various other problems, the event was nonetheless solid and a full experience for those in attendance.
- Newlyweds Painting Newlyweds Painting
- Ordering Ordering
- Camping Grounds Camping Grounds
- Sea Coachella Sea Coachella
- Anna Bulbrook Anna Bulbrook
- The Airborne Toxic Event The Airborne Toxic Event
- Airborne Toxic Tambourine! Airborne Toxic Tambourine!
- Fans of The Gaslight Anthem Fans of The Gaslight Anthem
- The Gaslight Anthem The Gaslight Anthem
- Filming Filming
- Wu-Tang Clan Wu-Tang Clan
- Wu-Tang in Blue Wu-Tang in Blue
- Rza in Red Rza in Red
- Spotlight on Rza Spotlight on Rza
- The Lumineers The Lumineers
- La Roux La Roux
- Social Distortion Social Distortion
- Mike Ness Mike Ness
- Wu-Tang Onstage Wu-Tang Onstage
- Wu-Tang Sings Wu-Tang Sings
- Vampire Weekend Vampire Weekend
- More Wu-Tang More Wu-Tang
- Rza and Method Man Rza and Method Man
- J Mascis of Dinosaur Jr. J Mascis of Dinosaur Jr.
- Lumineers Fans Lumineers Fans
- Lumineers Drums Lumineers Drums
- Coachella Coachella
- A Lumineer A Lumineer
- More Vampire Weekend More Vampire Weekend
- Vampire Weekend Smile Vampire Weekend Smile
- Social Distortion Plays Social Distortion Plays
- La Roux La Roux
- Photographer and Daughter Photographer and Daughter
- Rodriguez Rodriguez
- Rza Rza
- Wu-Tang Lights Wu-Tang Lights
- Intense Wu-Tang Intense Wu-Tang