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The digital age has increased efficiency in the design process, and has made design packages that were previously exclusive to professionals accessible to the public. But has this now started to have a negative impact on the design industry, and reduced the value in design? In this essay the broader issues of the influence that digital technology has had on design will be discussed, and it will be shown that now it is not so much the execution of design that holds value, it is the thinking behind it.
The Value of Design in the Digital Age
"The impact of new technology is overestimated in the short term and underestimated in the long term" – John Hegarty, 2011.
Digital technology has made the design process cheaper – in the supporting interview one designer notes the reduction of people now involved in the design process, as typesetters, retouchers and artworkers in particular have been virtually disbanded. Has this reduction in the cost of design reduced its value?
In response to the £12,000 bill for implementing minor amends to the NHS logo, the Conservative MP Greg Hands noted in The Times newspaper that "Modern graphic design packages surely allow anyone with an average brain to design something as good as, or better than, what we see in front of us here" (Gosden, 2009). These graphic design packages have facilitated design to the public, which now means that those with no formal design experience can produce design work commercially; "computer technology makes it possible for anyone to wake up one day and decide to become a designer, simply because they have the appropriate piece of software on their computer". (Jacques, Appendices 1.1). Have graphic design packages meant that technology has now made design so easy that anyone can now be a designer? Has this in turn reduced the value of design?
As a foundation to the research several locally based branding designers were surveyed, these designers all work for local, independent design agencies. From the answers received it is clear that in general these designers follow a similar process when creating a piece of commercial design work. This process involves a meeting with the client to establish a brief, a presentation of prepared design work, and a set number of iterations to the design work followed by completion. This is clearly a time consuming process, and as such the cost of the design work to the client will be far higher than alternative providers that are able to reduce this process. One solution that is able to offer design work via a condensed process is crowd sourcing.
The website DesignCrowd.co.uk is a crowd sourcing network with over 135,574 graphic designers in over 136 countries (DesignCrowd, 2013), and provides a system which allows a user to submit a brief for a minimal fee, and offer a price reward of their choice – normally in the region of $100 – $500. This brief is then answered by a pool of universal designers, thus providing an enormous variety of solutions that the customer is then able to select from, request unlimited iterations to, and acquire as necessary.
The advantages for the client of this process against using a local design agency are numerous – the process is much quicker so they can be up and running with a new logo in a very short period of time (on 16th July 2013 the header of the DesignCrowd website read 'Get a Custom Design in Hours!'), and the enormous variety of designs they have to choose from means the possibility of receiving a solution they are happy with is very high. The ability for unlimited iterations to a design means that the client gets a feeling of control; they can have it altered and modified until it meets their exact taste and requirements. In contrast several of the local designers surveyed would present a maximum of two designs to the client, with only two rounds of iterations, and unlike DesignCrowd, if the design is still not to their satisfaction, there is no money back guarantee.
It therefore must be argued that the value of design has now been reduced as a result of the digital age, if a company is able to receive a custom designed logo that meets their satisfaction for less than $200, in contrast to the £850 per day that one of the professional designers surveyed charges.
Besides the debatable morality involved with encouraging free labour, there are obvious flaws of a system used by DesignCrowd: when a designer is creating work with no guarantee of being paid their only focus would be impressing the client, rather than impressing the audience of the brand they are designing for. They are therefore likely to create 'safe options' that they think will appeal to the client – often a regeneration of other popular logos, as there is simply not the time to create something truly innovative. Although the result may feature highly in terms of aesthetics, it is unlikely to be diverse, nor break the mould.
But what is the importance of breaking the mould and standing out from the crowd? Is it a necessity? To create design work that is simply a regeneration of all other design work in its market is, in a sense, ignoring "the joy that we all take in variety and difference and the good will that consumers develop towards the organisation that offers them diversity" (Hegarty, 2011).
It can be seen that the digital age offers more freedom for brands to stand out from the crowd with their visual identity, as the previous constraints of the printed medium do not apply to digital media. In his book 'Problem Solved' Johnson discusses this change; "Designing logos and identities used to be simple when organizations were happy for them to be one thing to all people and logos simply sat in the corner of an ad or poster. The trouble is, this doesn't work in the 21st century, where flexibility is the standard. The old rules are being rewritten as designers search for ways to let logos out of the corner and into the centre of the communication." (Johnson, 2007).
Rather than simple graphic lines and solid colours dictated by strict guidelines, today even the largest of companies are illustrating freedom with the way their logos are used; "The tipping point probably came when Google itself began a long-running series of 'doodles' with its own logo… When the world's most powerful search engine showed its willingness to 'mess' with its logo for 24 hours, sometimes without even including the Google name, the world of communications took note" (Johnson, 2007).
Although there is now greater freedom in how a logo can be used, its value as the heart of a company's identity must still be considered.
"You stick a flag on the iceberg so that you can see it, and the logo or the symbol is like that flag sticking out above the water. But under the water there's this massive great bit of ice that's full of all sorts of applications, all kinds of areas of the brand that still need to be designed" (Johnson, 2013). A logo needs to represent the complete organisation from its core values to its services; requiring thorough research and consideration before the design work can begin. Returning to the weaknesses of crowd sourcing, it is this stage of the process that is compromised for price, and so whether the completed logos are an accurate representation of a company can be considered a matter of luck.
Besides symbolizing a companies values, a logo must also be at the heart of a brands visual identity, and even for small businesses the visual media may be extensive, comprising of a website, a brochure, headed letters, business cards, etc. A successful, considered visual identity would mean that even without the logo, it is clear that all of these pieces of media belong to the same organisation. This is achieved via a consistent style in terms of aesthetics, but also with tone of voice – on every interaction with the client the brand's message needs to be considered. This complete brand consistency across all platforms can be illustrated by Apple; the contemporary, elegant style of their products is still applicable to their after care support – "When you buy Apple Care, instead of receiving the standard bland letter or email, you receive a nicely designed box containing the paperwork, guidance, and all the information you need" (Swan, 2012).
Although this may be considered creative and innovative on Apple's part, in fact what they are doing is incredibly simple – merely putting the user experience at the forefront of everything they do, followed by acute attention to detail.
In his presentation on TED Talks, Rory Sutherland discusses that it is the little things that can have an enormous influence on a user's perception of a brand, "Years of marketing have taught me that if you actually want people to remember you and to appreciate what you do, the most potent things are actually very, very small." (Sutherland, 2010).
Sutherland discusses one example of the beautifully crafted salt and peppershakers used in the upper class section on Virgin Atlantic flights, which have the message 'Stolen from Virgin Atlantic' engraved on the bottom, playing on the idea that many of its users have considered stealing the shakers as a memento of their trip. If such a small detail can make a user remember an experience in such a positive way, design thinking is surely more valuable than ever.
However, these may just seem like small actions, but when produced on mass they do come at a high cost, and for the luxury brands of Apple and Virgin Atlantic this may not be an issue, but for the small businesses who are driven by profit margins, the lack of a guaranteed return on investment from such experimentations often pushes them to the bottom of the priorities list.
So it therefore must be considered that perceived value of design for larger brands is still high, but smaller brands are likely to have a lower perceived value of design as a result of the digital age, as it is these companies that see solutions such as design via crowd sourcing as viable alternatives to professional services.
However it is not just the small businesses that have a lower perception of design value as a result of the digital age. With a price tag of £400,000 there was public disapproval of the London 2012 Olympics brand identity, with the Daily Mail implying that the work it published created by primary school students provided better solutions (Mail Online, 2007). There was clearly an attitude of '£400,000? My 11 year old son could have done better than that!' But really, could the 11 year old in question have created a comprehensive brand identity that is versatile, flexible, timeless, the basis of a graphic system, and is most importantly, original? (Burgoyne, 2007).
In my opinion the only area that the London 2012 identity fell short is the only area that the Daily Mail, and indeed, the majority of the British public paid much attention to – as a stand alone, does the logo look good?
So if it is only designers that appreciate the need for other attributes of a brand identity besides just a logo that meets initial public approval, and can therefore appreciate the high price tag that Wolf Ollins required, surely there is a need for education?
For example, should the London 2012 Olympics logo have been presented to the public at the end of an educational process comprising of its rationale and versatility of application, maybe they would have reacted differently, rather than their first impression of it being its blasting in the front pages of the tabloids. In the process of the local designers interviewed, all insisted on a presentation in person of the produced design work, rather than just sending over the finished result, as the presentation can allow for this education to take place.
As well as educators, the designers interviewed can also be seen as consultants; in order for them to be able to advise on what the company needs, all are involved in the writing of the design briefs, rather than completing a dictated brief of what the client wants. It is this that gives the completed work value over work produced by amateurs. But what is the importance of this? Surely it is the brand's products or services that drives sales; does its identity really matter?
"You could argue that we've gone brand mad. Everything from your local hospital to ageing athletes is being treated as 'brands', as products that have value to be defined, enhanced and exploited" (Hegarty, 2008).
As Hegarty notes today's world is more branded than ever before, illustrated by there being over 25 different registered British brands of bottled water (FineWaters, Date Unknown)."Whilst the world's companies continue to produce things that look and sound the same, communicators will be called upon to differentiate one soap powder from another, by shape, by feeling, by brand" (Johnson, 2007). In an increasingly homogenised world, where digital services such as broadband providers and telecommunications can only be differentiated between by brand, how that brand represents itself and the relationship it has with its consumers is more important than ever before.
In response to this increasingly branded world, in his book Problem Solved Johnson discusses the rise of a movement opposed to branding "The anti-brand, anti-capitalist movement has left an undeniable question mark in the heads of the world's students and, for the first time since the 1960s, a generation seems to be growing up questioning whether the headlong pursuit of designer labels is actually such a smart thing to do" (Johnson, 2007). This movement has arisen in response to the morality issues that have been a side effect of capitalism up until now – for example in response to Nike's promotion for customers to personalise their own shoes, a student submitted a design of having 'Sweatshop' labelled across the side of a sports shoe (Johnson, 2007). Although it is hard to tell whether this movement will have an impact on the future of branding, what is clear is that with the transparency ensued by social media, such issues will be in the public domain.
In the past brands could hide behind a PO Box and have little need to address complaints, however social media provides an easily accessible platform that allows for instant two-way communication to be made public. When grievances are made in front of an audience of thousands, there is far more urgency for a brand to respond. For example in 2010 when Gap launched their new logo, there was such a back lash of response via social media, they were forced to revert back to their existing logo after only a week; "A Twitter account set up in protest collected nearly 5,000 followers and a 'Make your own Gap logo' site went viral on the internet, prompting nearly 14,000 parody versions" (Halliday, 2010).
This example alone illustrates the shift in relationship between a brand and its consumers, "today, communication between the brand and the public is no longer a monologue, but rather a dialogue" (Haldemann, 2013). This two-way communication means that a brand now has an audience that must be adhered to and respected, if their attention is to be maintained.
In response to this it can be shown that those brands that have embraced the interaction that social media allows, are reaping the benefits.
When a power shortage interrupted the 2013 Super bowl, Oreo quickly tweeted their advert 'You can still dunk in the dark', a message that has since been re-tweeted over 14,000 times (Simon, 2013). This clearly relates back to Roy Sutherlands message of little things having a huge impact, as in this instance a quick thinking, off the cuff advert that was put together extremely quickly received enormous public approval.
Social media has provided a new, more accessible platform for brands to stand out from the crowd, again supporting Hegarty's argument that "There is a compelling case for variety within consistency" (Hegarty, 2008).
The value of variety within consistency can be epitomised by the successful rebrand of the Digital TV channel 'UKTV G2' to 'Dave' in 2007. As a result of the rebrand 'Dave leapt from the 29th biggest channel to the 10th and became the largest among the target segment'. (Whicher, A., Raulik-Murphy, G., Cawood, G., 2011). The new branding of Dave was clearly original, with the tagline 'The home of witty banter' giving a unique character to the channel, amongst its impersonal competitors. By redesigning the look and feel of the brand, a 'tight investment of £100,000 was transformed into a profit of £4.5million in the first six months alone' (Whicher, A., Raulik-Murphy, G., Cawood, G., 2011). This enormous return on investment illustrates the value that design can add to a company, as a result of targeted research.
Despite the benefits of standing out from the crowd, it is clear that "Anything that is genuinely original is met with almost universal condemnation at the outset" (Burgoyne, 2007), and it is this that is likely to put off businesses from endeavouring to do things differently. However it has been shown that the digital age has created an environment where small pieces of design innovation can be appreciated on a mass scale, and those pieces that do stand out from the crowd and meet public approval can have incredible value.
In response to graphic design packages being made accessible to the public, it is clear that those designers pushing the field in terms of utilising computer software are no longer using it as a short cut for creating work that could have been produced via print, they are now creating graphic systems that are able to evolve and interact in the most sophisticated of ways, utilising the capabilities that digital platforms allow. For example the branding for the new design agency 'Big Eyes' utilises "a generative programme to create images replicating the muscle movement of the human iris" (Banks, 2013). Rather than being lead by the capabilities of technology, the top designers are pushing technology for solutions to their imagination.
And it is this imagination that is of value. If great design is the combination of great ideas beautifully executed, digital technology may have made the beautiful execution easier to produce, but it has done little to make that great idea easier to come by. It is now the idea behind design that is of value, as its beautiful execution is a given. The Oreo tweet at the Super bowl is a poignant example of this – the image that was tweeted could have been produced by anyone with basic knowledge of graphics software, but it is the idea behind it that gave it its popularity. Ollins discusses that a "core idea must form the basis on which the whole branding programme is developed" (Ollins, 2008), and in a world where all that can differentiate a product is its brand, being able to represent this core idea in an innovative way is more important than ever.
In order of appearance
- Hegarty, J. (2011). Hegarty on Advertising. Thames & Hudson: London
- Gosden, E. (2009). Government paid £6,000 a digit for NHS 60th anniversary logo. The Times. Available at: http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/politics/article2030473.ece
- Jacques, C. (2013). Appendices 1.1
- DesignCrowd (2013). About Design Crowd. Available at: http://www.designcrowd.co.uk/about
- Johnson, M. (2007). Problem Solved. Phaidon: London.
- Johnson, M. (2013). Michael Johnson: Interview. Computer Arts Volume 2 Part 4: Branding. Future Publishing: Bath.
- Swann, A. (2012). Welcome to the Era of Design. Forbes BrandVoice. Available at: http://www.forbes.com/sites/gyro/2012/05/03/welcome-to-the-era-of-design/
- Sutherland, R. (2010). Sweat the small stuff. TED.com. Transcript available at http://dotsub.com/view/2382c0fe-c662-4c7b-b06d-94ad1ebea991/viewTranscript/eng?timed=true
- Burgoyne, P. (2007). Feature: London 2012 Logo: Pro or Con? Creative Review. Available at: http://www.creativereview.co.uk/back-issues/creative-review/2007/july-2007/2012-pro-or-con
- Bottled Water of the World (Date Unknown). British Bottled Water. Fine Waters. Available at:
- Halliday, J. (2010). Gap scraps logo redesign after protests on Facebook and Twitter. The Guardian Online. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/oct/12/gap-logo-redesign
- Haldemann, A. (2013). Branding: The Challenges of a Modern Market. Computer Arts Volume 2 Part 4: Branding. Future Publishing: Bath.
- http://www.finewaters.com/Bottled_Water/UK/index.asp
- Whicher, A., Raulik-Murphy, G., Cawood, G. (2011). Evaluating Design: Understanding the Return on Investment. The Design Management Institute.
- Simon, L. (2013). A Social Media Success Story: How Oreos became the Creme of the Social Media. Social Media Delivered. Available at: http://www.socialmediadelivered.com/2013/05/06/a-social-media-success-story-how-oreos-became-the-creme-of-the-social-media-crop/
- Banks, T. (2013). SomeOne brands Big Eyes with Field-designed generative iris. Design Week. Available at: http://www.designweek.co.uk/news/someone-brands-big-eyes-with-field-designed-generative-iris/3036513.article
- Ollins, W. (2008). Wally Olins: The Brand Handbook. Thames & Hudson: London
- Airey, D. (2013) Thoughts on design crowd sourcing. David Airey Website. Available at: http://www.davidairey.com/design-crowdsourcing/
- Bartakovic, T. (2013) Translating design value into numbers – an interview with Peter Zec. Design Agenda. Available at: http://www.designagenda.me/
- Covert, A. (2013) A decade of iTunes killed the music industry. CNN Money. Available at: http://money.cnn.com/2013/04/25/technology/itunes-music-decline/index.html
- Dandavate, U. (Date Unknown). Design value improves ROI. DMI Publications. Available at: http://www.dmi.org/dmi/html/publications/news/viewpoints/nv_vp_dvi_roi.htm
- Geoghegan, T. (2010). Lessons to be learnt from the Gap logo debacle. BBC. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11517129
- Kevin. (2012). Don't Be Like Jimmy – Don't Crowdsource Designs. Smash Brand. Available at: http://www.smashbrand.com/articles/dont-be-like-jimmy-dont-crowdsource-designs/
- Kuang, K. (Date Unknown). Why Good Design Is Finally A Bottom Line Investment. Fastcodedesign. Available at: http://www.fastcodesign.com/1670679/good-design-is-good-business-an-introduction
- Mail Online, (2007). Now MPs join forces to lambast 'childish' 2012 logo. Daily Mail Online. Available at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/othersports/article-460549/Now-MPs-join-forces-lambast-childish-2012-logo.html
- Montgomery, A. (2012). London 2012 design icons – the Olympic logo. Design Week. Available at: http://www.designweek.co.uk/analysis/london-2012-design-icons-the-olympic-logo/3034949.article
- Reed, B. (2011) Who really profits from your iTunes downloads? Investing Answers. Available at: http://www.investinganswers.com/personal-finance/rich-famous/who-really-profits-your-itunes-downloads-3818
- Sorenson, S. (2013). The Real Value of CDs. Atomic Disc. Available at: http://www.atomicdisc.com/blogs/news/7710075-the-real-value-of-cds
- Shackleford, H. (2013). Why Fast, Cheap, and Easy Design Is Killing Your Nonprofit's Brand. FastCoExist. Available at: http://www.fastcoexist.com/1681437/why-fast-cheap-and-easy-design-is-killing-your-nonprofit-s-brand
- Tarbaj, C. (2013). Social Media Marketing Success Story: The North Face. Social Media Today. Available at: http://socialmediatoday.com/cara-tarbaj/1344686/north-face-5-social-media-marketing-tips
- Thomas, G. (2003). How to Design Logos, Symbols and Icons. How Design Books; New edition edition: New York.
- Wilder, T. (2011). Crowdsourcing: Sabotaging our value. IDSGN. Available at: http://idsgn.org/posts/crowdsourcing-sabotaging-our-value/
- Walters, H. (2009). Come on, designers. Step up. Business Week. Available at: http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/next/archives/2009/12/come_on_designe.html


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With its mix of hiking and snorkelling, this trip is not for the faint hearted. However, if you want to experience life like a nomad as we traverse the Djibouti landscape, float on one of the world's saltiest lakes and go in search of whale sharks then this trip is right up your alley. The scenery is diverse and spectacular, passing everything from volcanoes, hot springs and salt flats to beaches and forests. Hikes to Lac Assal, Ardoukoba Volcano and Foret du Day National Park are rewarded with free time on the beach at Plage des Sables Blancs and sleeping "Belles Étoiles" (under the stars) at Allouli.
Walking & Trekking
- Discover an emerging tourism hotpot before the crowds do
- Hike through the Day Forest National Park
- Sleep overnight in a traditional Afar hut at Campement Touristique d'Asboley, perched on a hill with spectacular views
- The chance to get up close and personal with whale sharks in the Bay of Ghoubbet on a snorkelling adventure
- Watch sunrise from the shores of Lac Abbe, which featured in the original Planet Of the Apes movie thanks to its famous chimneys, salt flats and hot springs
What's Included
10 Breakfasts, 8 Lunches, 8 Dinners
4x4 Safari Vehicle , Ferry
Bungalow (3 nights), Bush camp (no facilities) (1 night), Camping (with basic facilities) (3 nights), Hotel (3 nights)
Included Activities
- Ardoukoba - Volcano Hike
- Arta Beach - Whale Sharks Tour
- Djibouti City - Leader Led Walking Tour
- Foret du Day - Hike
- Lac Abbe - Cultural Dance
- Lac Abbe - Guided sunset walk to Chimneys
- Lac Abbe - Morning Hike to the lake
- Obock - Godoria Mangrove boat trip
- Ras Bire - Lighthouse & Maket Visit
Please note: while prices are accurate at time of loading they are subject to change due to currency fluctuations and currency surcharges may apply. Please check price at time of booking
- Start Date
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- Price
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- Start Date:29 Dec 19
- End Date:8 Jan 20
- Price:$4,985
- Availability:1 space
- Start Date:19 Jan 20
- End Date:29 Jan 20
- Price:$4,550
- Availability:5 spaces
Book now and receive a discount. Was $4,790. Now only $4,550 for this departure
- Start Date:8 Nov 20
- End Date:18 Nov 20
- Price:$4,695
- Availability:7+ Available
- Start Date:22 Nov 20
- End Date:2 Dec 20
- Price:$4,695
- Availability:7+ Available
- Start Date:6 Dec 20
- End Date:16 Dec 20
- Price:$4,695
- Availability:7+ Available
- Start Date:27 Dec 20
- End Date:6 Jan 21
- Price:$4,695
- Availability:7+ Available
Day - 1
Location: Djibouti City - Salaam aleikum! Welcome to Djibouti! Your adventure begins with a welcome meeting at 3 pm, followed by a walking tour of the city. See the European Quarter (home to Moorish and European architecture), L'Escale harbour walk and Hamoudi Mosque in the African Quarter. Tonight's dinner will feature traditional Djiboutian and Ethiopian food.
Day - 2
Location: Djibouti City - Today we'll head to Arta Beach for a potential thrilling whale shark encounter in the Bay of Ghoubbet. This is one of the world's most reliable spots for seeing these giant, gentle creatures in the wild. Between November and January whale shark sightings are common although not guaranteed. They are wild animals after all! Then it's time to head back to the city where we spend the night.
Day - 3
Location: Lac Abbe - Take a 4x4 journey through the Grand Bara Desert to the otherworldly Lake Abbe, which lies on the border between Ethiopia and Djibouti. Keep your eyes peeled for mirages, antelopes and gazelle. After enjoying a traditional dance during dinner, you'll sleep in a traditional Afar hut at Campement Touristique d'Asboley. The cluster of permanent nomad-style tents is perched on a hill with views of the spectacular and surreal desert landscape.
Day - 4
Location: Lac Assal - Wake early to catch sunrise over the shores of Lake Abbe, which featured in the 1968 movie Planet Of The Apes. Marvel at the famous chimneys, salt flats and hot springs. Then hike to the lake, where you may be able to spot flamingos. The morning hike should take around 3 hours, before jumping back in the 4WDs and heading to Lake Assal. You will pass by Dikhil, Yoboki and Gagade on the way. Lac Assal, also known as the honey lake, is a crater-lake that sits atop the Great Rift Valley. It's one of the world's saltiest lakes and also the lowest point on land in Africa. Take a float in the lake if you'd like, but remember you've got a night of camping ahead and no hot shower to clean off! Tonight we camp under the stars on military beds with no tents.
Day - 5
Location: Bay of Ghoubbet - Early morning departure for our hike to Ardoukoba Volcano, which erupted in 1978 after lying dormant for around 3000 years. Take a 4x4 across extremely rugged terrain and then hike (moderately strenuous) to the top of the volcano (approximately 5 hours hiking). Continue to the scenic bay of Ghoubbet at the Gulf of Tadjoura and the entrance of the Red Sea. The afternoon is free to relax on the beach. The camp tonight is a basic standard and can often be windy.
Day - 6
Location: Foret du Day National Park - Rise early and leave for Foret du Day National Park after breakfast. The dead forest here creates a stunning landscape. Take a short (4km) hike through the forest towards our camp, then visit the Day Village. Here we witness village life and visit a traditional local house for tea/coffee.
Day - 7
Location: Obock - This morning we depart after breakfast to stop for lunch in Tadjoura. After lunch we head to the Red Sea Village Camp in Obock; a historic town of colonial times. Here we visit the market and the lighthouse at Ras Bire. Tonight's accommodation consists of huts on the beach.
Day - 8
Location: Plage des Sables Blancs - This morning we drive to visit the Godoria Mangroves. Here we take a scenic boat ride around the mangroves. After lunch back in Obock, head towards Plage des Sables Blancs, considered to be one of the best beaches in Djibouti. Your afternoon is free to splash around and enjoy the beach before spending the night in comfortable rooms. While the rooms do have air-conditioning they are not connected at this time of year as it is one of the countries coolest months.
Day - 9
Location: Plage des Sables Blancs - Today is another free day beachside. You can take part in kite flying with locals, swim, snorkel or simply catch up on some sleep after all that hiking!
Day - 10
Location: Djibouti City - After breakfast we start our journey back to Djibouti City. Hop on the 11am ferry back to Djibouti City and arrive by around 2pm this afternoon. The rest of the afternoon is free before a final group dinner tonight.
Day - 11
Location: Djibouti City - This trip comes to an end after breakfast. There is no accommodation included for tonight, but speak to us if you'd like to extend your stay.

subset: commoncrawl


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Super Mario Sunshine
|Super Mario Sunshine
North American box art depicting Mario and FLUDD
|Nintendo EAD
|Yoshiaki Koizumi
Kenta Usui
|Shigeru Miyamoto
Takashi Tezuka
|Koichi Hayashida
|Makoto Wada
|Koji Kondo
Shinobu Tanaka
|Super Mario
|Platformer, action-adventure
Super Mario Sunshine[a] is a 3D platform game developed and published by Nintendo for the GameCube. It was first released in Japan on July 19, 2002, and was later released in North America, Europe and Australia. It is the second 3D platformer in the Super Mario series, following Super Mario 64 in 1996.
The game takes place on the tropical Isle Delfino, where Mario, Toadsworth, Princess Peach and five Toads are taking a vacation. A villain resembling Mario, known as Shadow Mario, vandalizes the island with graffiti and Mario gets blamed for the mess. Mario is ordered to clean up Isle Delfino, using a device called the Flash Liquidizer Ultra Dousing Device (FLUDD), while saving Princess Peach from Shadow Mario.
Super Mario Sunshine received critical acclaim, with reviewers praising the game's graphics, soundtrack, Mario's array of moves, and the addition of FLUDD as a mechanic, though some critics criticized the game's camera control. The game sold over five million copies worldwide by 2006, and is the third best-selling GameCube game of all time. The game was re-released in the Player's Choice range in 2003.
Super Mario Sunshine shares many similar gameplay elements with its predecessor, Super Mario 64, while introducing various new gameplay features. Players control Mario as he tries to obtain 120 Shine Sprites in order to bring light back to Isle Delfino and prove his innocence after Bowser Jr. (disguised as Mario) steals the Shine Sprites and covers the island in toxic slime. Players start off in the hub world of Isle Delfino and access various worlds via portals which become available as the game progresses. Similar to collecting Stars in Super Mario 64, players obtain Shine Sprites by clearing various objectives given to Mario upon entering each stage, with more objectives unlocked in each level after clearing an existing one.[1][2] There are also various hidden areas and challenges across Isle Delfino where more Shine Sprites can be obtained. Throughout the game, players may also find Blue Coins, which can be exchanged for more Shine Sprites in the boathouse in Delfino Plaza.[3]
In this game, Mario is joined by a robotic backpack named FLUDD (Flash Liquidizing Ultra Dousing Device), which uses the power of water to clean away goop and help Mario reach new places. Mario starts with two default nozzles for FLUDD, Squirt and Hover, which he can quickly switch between. The Squirt nozzle lets Mario spray a stream of water which he can use to clean sludge, attack enemies, and activate certain mechanisms. The Hover nozzle lets Mario hover in the air for a short period of time, allowing him to cross large gaps while simultaneously spraying things directly below him. As the game progresses, Mario unlocks two additional nozzles for FLUDD which can be substituted with the Hover nozzle: the Rocket nozzle, which shoots Mario high up into the air; and the Turbo nozzle, which moves Mario at high speeds, allowing him to run across water and break into certain areas. Each of FLUDD's nozzles use water from its reserves, which can be refilled via water sources such as rivers or fountains. There are also some areas where FLUDD is taken away from Mario, forcing him to rely on his natural platforming abilities.[4] At certain points in the game, Mario may come across an egg which hatches into a Yoshi after being brought a fruit he asks for. Yoshi can be ridden upon and can attack by spitting juice, which can clear certain obstacles that water cannot. Yoshi can also use his tongue to eat enemies or other pieces of fruit which change his color, depending on the type of fruit. Yoshi will disappear if he runs out of juice or falls into deep water. Juice can be replenished by eating more fruit.[5]
The game takes place on the tropical resort of Isle Delfino, which is shaped like a dolphin and comprises ten primary locations. The island is mainly inhabited by the races of the Piantas and Nokis.[6] Delfino Plaza is Isle Delfino's largest city and the game's main hub.
Mario sets out for Isle Delfino for a vacation with Princess Peach, her long-time steward Toadsworth, and several other Toads. Upon a rough plane landing at the island's airstrip, they find that the once-pristine island has been polluted and plastered with graffiti. As a result of this pollution, sun-shaped objects called "Shine Sprites", the island's sources of power, have disappeared, and the island is covered in a perpetual shadow. To help with cleaning the airstrip, Mario finds a Flash Liquidizer Ultra Dousing Device or F.L.U.D.D., a powerful water cannon which is toted like a backpack and is created by Professor E. Gadd. Mario defeats a giant slime covered Piranha Plant and restores the airstrip, but he is subsequently arrested by two Pianta police officers who accuse him of vandalizing Isle Delfino with graffiti, despite the fact that he has only just arrived. He is put on trial, which turns out to be a mere kangaroo court where the judge immediately finds Mario guilty (for which clearly he is not) and orders him to clean up the graffiti and recover the Shine Sprites, in spite of Princess Peach's objection to the ruling. He is forbidden from leaving the island until he does so. The next day, after spending the night in a cell, Mario begins his adventure to find a way to clear his name and locate the real criminal, while restoring tranquility and order to Isle Delfino.[7]
The culprit seen spreading the graffiti is a shadowy figure known as "Shadow Mario" because he resembles Mario. Shadow Mario wields a magic paintbrush that he uses to create the graffiti, including portals that lead to other parts of Isle Delfino. When Shadow Mario kidnaps Princess Peach, Mario follows them towards Pinna Island, home of Isle Delfino's theme park. There, Mario encounters Mecha Bowser, a gigantic Bowser robot that shoots Bullet Bills and is being controlled by Shadow Mario. Mario defeats Mecha Bowser by firing water rockets at it while riding a roller coaster. It is then revealed that Shadow Mario's real identity is Bowser Jr., the son of Bowser. Like FLUDD, Bowser Jr.'s paintbrush was also created by E. Gadd.[8] Bowser Jr. turns the remains of Mecha Bowser into a hot air balloon and escapes again with Princess Peach, having been told by Bowser that Peach is his mother. He is last seen heading for Corona Mountain, a volcano where Bowser is holding a family vacation of his own. After Mario beats Bowser Jr. in all nine areas, a flood falls upon Delfino Plaza, opening up a cave that leads into Corona Mountain. Mario enters the volcano, and after getting through the inner cave, reaches Bowser and Bowser Jr., who are sitting in a hot tub in the sky. Mario defeats them by flipping over the hot tub, thus rescuing the princess but causing them to fall from the sky. Bowser and Bowser Jr. land on a platform in the ocean, while Mario and the princess land safely on a small island. However, FLUDD becomes damaged during the landing. The Shine Gate's power is restored and the Toads repair FLUDD shortly afterward and Mario, Princess Peach and the others resume their vacation.[9] Meanwhile, Bowser admits to his son that Princess Peach was not really his mother—but Bowser Jr. responds that he already knows and that he would like to battle Mario again when he is older, making his father proud.[10]
After the credits, if the player has collected less than all 120 shine sprites, a picture shows Il Piantissimo, a sprinter that Mario raced during the game, finding the brush that Bowser Jr. used to vandalize Isle Delfino. However, if the player has collected all 120 shine sprites, a picture of the entire cast with the words "Have a relaxing vacation" is displayed instead.
A sequel to Super Mario 64 had been in the works for several years; the cancelled games Super Mario 64 2 and Super Mario 128 were some ideas Nintendo had for a direct sequel.[11] Super Mario Sunshine was first shown at Nintendo Space World 2001.[12] The game was later shown again at E3 2002.[13]
The game was the first lead directing role for Nintendo designer Yoshiaki Koizumi following a ten-year-long apprenticeship working on various other games.[14] In an interview about the development of Super Mario Sunshine with Koizumi along with Kenta Usui and producer Takashi Tezuka, it was mentioned that the game's development began with the idea of gameplay involving a water pump.[15] However, at first the developers thought that the world was too daringly out of character with Mario. Therefore, they tried using a man-type character, but thought this was too odd and that "if there was a man next to Mario, there is a sense of incongruity."[15] There were ten candidates for possible water nozzles, and FLUDD was chosen because of fitting in the game's setting, despite it not being one of the favorites.[15] They also stated that several Yoshi features were omitted, such as Yoshi vomiting water fed to him.[15]
Koji Kondo and Shinobu Tanaka composed the score to Super Mario Sunshine.[16] The soundtrack features various arrangements of classic Mario tunes, including the underground music and the main stage music from the original Super Mario Bros.[17]
Super Mario Sunshine featured many of the usual voice actors for the various Nintendo characters. This was the first mainline Mario game to feature full English voice acting in cutscenes, Charles Martinet voices Mario and Toadsworth, Jen Taylor voices Princess Peach and Toad, Scott Burns voices Bowser, and Caety Sagoian voices Bowser Jr. Unlike most games of the series, the cutscenes in Super Mario Sunshine feature full voice acting, with the only exception being Mario, who speaks mainly with grunts and cheers.
Super Mario Sunshine was released in Japan on July 19, 2002.[18] It was later released in the United States on August 26 of that year. A GameCube bundle containing the game along with a GameCube console was released in North America on October 14, 2002.[19]
Super Mario Sunshine was critically acclaimed by game critics. IGN praised the addition of the water backpack for improving the gameplay,[32] and GameSpy commented on the "wide variety of moves and the beautifully constructed environments".[31] The game received a perfect score from Nintendo Power, who commended the "superb graphics, excellent music, clever layouts, funny cinema scenes and ingenious puzzles".[34]
GamePro also gave Super Mario Sunshine a perfect score, stating that the game was "a masterpiece of superior game design, infinite gameplay variety, creativity, and life."[2] The American-based publication Game Informer said that the game is arguably "the best Mario game to date."[29] Computer and Video Games also mentioned the game is "better than Super Mario 64."[24] The game placed 46th in Official Nintendo Magazine's 100 greatest Nintendo games of all time.[35] Allgame gave a lower review, stating that "During the six-year span between Super Mario 64 and Super Mario Sunshine, platform games have become more epic, more interactive, and prettier. Yet the core element of collecting items in a world divided into sub-sections has been left unchanged. So it comes with a modicum of disappointment that Super Mario Sunshine doesn't shake up the genre with a number of new and fresh ideas other than the usual enhancements expected from a sequel."[23]
Some reviewers were critical towards certain aspects of the game. GameSpot's Jeff Gerstmann criticized the various additions, including FLUDD (the water backpack) and Yoshi, calling them "mere gimmicks." He also complained about the camera system.[30] Gerstmann felt that the game seemed somewhat unpolished and rushed, a sentiment shared by Matt Wales of Computer and Video Games.[36]
Super Mario Sunshine sold 400,000 copies in Japan within four days.[37] In the United States, the game sold 350,000 copies within its first ten days of release, surpassing launch sales of both the PlayStation 2's Grand Theft Auto III and the Xbox's Halo as well as Nintendo's own Super Mario 64, and boosting hardware sales of the GameCube.[38] It also sold 175,000 units in Europe within a week of its release.[39] By October 2002, the game had sold 624,240 units in Japan.[40] In 2002, Super Mario Sunshine was the tenth best-selling game in the United States according to the NPD Group.[41] It was re-released in 2003 as part of the Player's Choice line, a selection of games with high sales sold for a reduced price.[42] By July 2006, it had sold 2.5 million copies and earned $85 million in the United States alone. Next Generation ranked it as the ninth highest-selling game launched for the PlayStation 2, Xbox or GameCube between January 2000 and July 2006 in that country.[43] As of June 2006, Super Mario Sunshine has sold 5.5 million copies worldwide.[44]
According to Satoru Iwata in a press conference a year after Super Mario Sunshine's release, the game's sales had failed to live up to the company's expectations.[14]
Super Mario Sunshine introduced several elements which were carried over to subsequent Mario games. Many of the characters introduced in this game have been staples in the series ever since: Petey Piranha, Cataquacks and most notably Bowser Jr. who has been one of Mario's archrivals ever since this initial encounter. Many of the bosses from this game and Luigi's Mansion appeared in multiple Mario spin-offs that were to follow on the GameCube, such as the unlockable Petey Piranha and King Boo in Mario Kart: Double Dash and the four unlockable characters in Mario Golf: Toadstool Tour.[45]
Super Mario Sunshine was the first game in the Mario series to introduce the Shine Sprites, which have appeared in later Mario games such as Mario Kart DS and Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door. It was also the debut of Bowser Jr., who has since become a recurring character and has appeared in several other games such as New Super Mario Bros., Mario Kart Wii, New Super Mario Bros. Wii, New Super Mario Bros. U, Super Mario Galaxy, and Super Mario Galaxy 2,[46][47] and in later Mario spin-off and sports games.[48] The recurring character Petey Piranha, known as Boss Packun (ボスパックン) in Japan, was also introduced,[49] who has later appeared in a large number of Mario games.
The game was the first 3D Super Mario game which included the ability to ride Yoshi.[5] This feature reappeared in Super Mario Galaxy 2 where the Twisty Trials Galaxy in World S is another recurring theme from Super Mario Sunshine, based on one of the missions "The Secret of Ricco Tower".[50] Another mission in this game had Piantas make an appearance on Starshine Beach Galaxy.
In Super Smash Bros. Brawl, Mario uses FLUDD as a new special move that does no damage, but pushes opponents away.[51] Brawl also has the fighting stage Delfino Plaza, a replica of Isle Delfino's capital city, with a platform carrying the fighters to any location of the stage on occasion. The original background music of Delfino Plaza occasionally plays on the stage, as well as the BGM for Ricco Harbor. The game also features several stickers based on artwork from Super Mario Sunshine. Most of these features were retained in Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U and the Delfino Plaza was retained in Super Smash Bros. for Wii U. Bowser Jr. himself debuted as a new playable fighter in the game, and utilizes his Magic Paintbrush and Shadow Mario form from Super Mario Sunshine in his Final Smash. Almost all of the Super Mario Sunshine references included in Super Smash Bros. Brawl and Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U were carried over to Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, as well as some new content, such as remixes of the Delfino Plaza theme. Various characters and objects from Super Mario Sunshine were also included in Super Smash Bros. Ultimate in the form of Spirits.[52]
- ^ スーパーマリオサンシャイン (Sūpā Mario Sanshain) in Japanese
- ^ Super Mario Sunshine instruction booklet. Nintendo. 2002. p. 28.
- ^ a b Stardingo (August 25, 2002). "Super Mario Sunshine review". GamePro. Archived from the original on October 12, 2008. Retrieved November 22, 2007.
- ^ Tboy. "Super Mario Sunshine review". GamersHell.com. Archived from the original on November 12, 2007. Retrieved November 22, 2007.
- ^ Super Mario Sunshine instruction booklet. Nintendo. 2002. pp. 20–23.
- ^ a b Super Mario Sunshine instruction booklet. Nintendo. 2002. pp. 25–26.
- ^ Super Mario Sunshine instruction booklet. Nintendo. 2002. p. 6.
- ^ Super Mario Sunshine instruction booklet. Nintendo. 2002. pp. 6–7.
- ^ Nintendo EAD (August 25, 2002). Super Mario Sunshine. Nintendo GameCube. Nintendo.
Peach: So you're Bowser's son?
- ^ Nintendo EAD (August 25, 2002). Super Mario Sunshine. Nintendo GameCube. Nintendo.
FLUDD: The vacation starts now!
- ^ Nintendo EAD (August 25, 2002). Super Mario Sunshine. Nintendo GameCube. Nintendo.
Bowser Jr.: Someday... when I'm bigger... I wanna fight that Mario again!
- ^ Gantayat, Anoop (August 21, 2006). "Miyamoto Opens the Vault". IGN. Retrieved November 15, 2007.
- ^ "Spaceworld 2001: Mario Sunshine Impressions". IGN. August 22, 2001. Archived from the original on October 18, 2006. Retrieved November 15, 2007.
- ^ "E3 2002: First Look: Nintendo's Booth". IGN. May 20, 2002. Archived from the original on June 8, 2007. Retrieved November 15, 2007.
- ^ a b https://web.archive.org/web/20180310073936/https://www.rollingstone.com/glixel/features/super-mario-odyssey-was-shaped-by-marios-biggest-flops-w496166 Rolling Stone, Matthew Walden, August 18, 2017
- ^ a b c d Anthony JC (August 2007). "The Making of The Game – Super Mario Sunshine". Nintendo Online Magazine. N-Sider. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
- ^ "Super Mario Sunshine Credits". MobyGames. Archived from the original on December 26, 2008. Retrieved November 16, 2007.
- ^ Majaski, Craig. "Super Mario Sunshine review". Gaming Age. Archived from the original on October 26, 2002. Retrieved November 16, 2007.
- ^ "Mario Sunshine Ships". IGN. July 18, 2002. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
- ^ "Mario GCN Bundle Ships". IGN. October 14, 2002. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
- ^ "Super Mario Sunshine reviews". GameRankings. Archived from the original on November 7, 2007. Retrieved November 11, 2007.
- ^ "Super Mario Sunshine reviews". Metacritic. Archived from the original on December 28, 2010. Retrieved November 11, 2007.
- ^ "Super Mario Sunshine Review". 1UP.com. Archived from the original on December 17, 2007. Retrieved April 6, 2009.
- ^ a b Scott Alan, Marriott. "Super Mario Sunshine Overview". Allgame. Archived from the original on November 14, 2014. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
- ^ a b "Super Mario Sunshine". ComputerAndVideoGames.com. Archived from the original on March 10, 2007. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
- ^ Edge, No. 114, September 2002, pp. 80–83.
- ^ "Super Mario Sunshine review". Electronic Gaming Monthly. Ziff Davis: 198. October 2002.
- ^ Bramwell, Tom (October 4, 2002). "Super Mario Sunshine Review". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009. Retrieved April 6, 2009.
- ^ ニンテンドーゲームキューブ – スーパーマリオサンシャイン. Weekly Famitsu. No.915 Pt.2. Pg.99. June 30, 2006.
- ^ a b Reiner, Andrew (September 2002). "Super Mario Sunshine". Game Informer. Archived from the original on March 14, 2008. Retrieved April 5, 2009.
- ^ a b Gerstmann, Jeff (August 25, 2002). "Super Mario Sunshine review". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 7, 2014. Retrieved November 18, 2005.
- ^ a b Guzman, Hector (August 25, 2002). "Super Mario Sunshine review". GameSpy. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 3, 2006.
- ^ a b Mirabella III, Fran (2002). "Super Mario Sunshine review". IGN. Archived from the original on April 21, 2006. Retrieved May 3, 2006.
- ^ "Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins". Nintendolife.com. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
- ^ a b "Super Mario Sunshine review". Nintendo Power. Nintendo: 160. September 2002. Archived from the original on October 2, 2007.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
- ^ "60–41 ONM". ONM. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved February 19, 2009.
- ^ Wales, Matt (May 17, 2006). "Super Mario Galaxy preview". ComputerAndVideoGames.com. Archived from the original on March 14, 2007. Retrieved November 11, 2007.
- ^ "Mario Takes Japan By Storm". IGN. July 23, 2002. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
- ^ "MARIO DELIVERS! Super Mario Sunshine Launches At Record Pace, Boosts Hardware Sales". Business Wire. September 5, 2002. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
- ^ "Super Mario's Million". IGN. October 8, 2002. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
- ^ "Graphs: Weekly GCN Sales in Japan". IGN. October 25, 2002. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
- ^ "The NPD Group Reports Annual 2002 U.S. Video Game Sales Break Record". NPD Group. January 27, 2003. Retrieved February 12, 2008.
- ^ Calvert, Justin (September 9, 2003). "Nintendo Player's Choice range grows". GameSpot. Archived from the original on November 23, 2013. Retrieved July 19, 2007.
- ^ Campbell, Colin; Keiser, Joe (July 29, 2006). "The Top 100 Games of the 21st Century". Next Generation. Archived from the original on October 28, 2007.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ Boutros, Daniel (August 4, 2006). "A Detailed Cross-Examination of Yesterday and Today's Best-Selling Platform Games". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved November 11, 2007.
- ^ "Mario Golf: Toadstool Tour unlockables". Archived from the original on March 31, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
- ^ Nintendo EAD (May 15, 2006). New Super Mario Bros. Nintendo DS. Nintendo.
- ^ "New Super Mario Bros. Wii Stage Demo". GameSpot. June 4, 2009. Archived from the original (Flash) on July 3, 2009. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
- ^ Alfonso, Andrew. "Mario Kart: Double Dash‼ Guide – Secrets". IGN. Archived from the original on January 29, 2009. Retrieved January 9, 2009.
- ^ "MARIO KART – Double Dash!! The strongest character lineup of history". Nintendo. Archived from the original on November 4, 2005. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
- ^ "Super Mario Galaxy 2 E3 09: Debut Trailer". GameTrailers. June 2, 2009. Archived from the original on June 4, 2009. Retrieved June 3, 2009.
- ^ "Mario". Smash Bros Dojo. September 6, 2007. Archived from the original on January 11, 2015. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
- ^ "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate for the Nintendo Switch system". www.smashbros.com. Archived from the original on January 15, 2008. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
- 2002 video games
- 3D platform games
- GameCube games
- GameCube-only games
- Mario platform games
- Nintendo games
- Open world video games
- Video games developed in Japan
- Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development games
- Video games set in amusement parks
- Video games scored by Koji Kondo
- Eco-terrorism in fiction
- Video games set on fictional islands
- Single-player video games
- Super Mario


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THE OHIO COUNCIL OF BEHAVIORAL HEALTH & FAMILY SERVICES PROVIDERSis a statewide trade and advocacy association that represents 150 private organizations that provide alcohol and other drug addiction, mental health, and family services. The Ohio Council provides four core sets of services to its members: policy and legislative advocacy; member support and technical assistance; product and service development, generally through endorsed vendor programs; and educational opportunities.
The Ohio Council's 2019 Annual PAC Campaign - Help Us Reach Our Goal of $7,500
The Ohio Council's annual PAC campaign is underway! The Ohio Council like many other trade associations, corporations and membership organizations has a political action committee (PAC) to support and enhance our direct communication and engagement with members of the Ohio General Assembly. The Ohio Council PAC (OC-PAC) compliments our traditional policy and regulatory advocacy. OC-PAC is a helpful tool that can be used to build and strengthen relationships with lawmakers who share our policy interests and priorities.
The Ohio Council of Behavioral Health & Family Services Providers'


text:
Tens of thousands of people in southeast Texas were ordered to evacuate their homes after multiple explosions at a chemical plant, according to multiple reports.
The explosions occurred at Texas Petroleum Chemical plant in Port Neches, about 90 miles east of Houston near the Louisiana state line, The New York Times reports. The BBC reports TPC processes chemicals used to make rubber and resins.
The Times reports at least eight people were injured in the explosions, which shattered the windows of nearby homes, sent debris flying through the air and caused plumes of fire to shoot high into the sky.
At a Wednesday night press conference, Jefferson County Judge Jeff Branick said there were no fatalities, CBS reports.
"We're extremely grateful that nobody was killed," he said.
The outlet reports the first explosion occurred just after 1 a.m. on Wednesday. Its impact could be felt up to 30 miles away, and toxic plumes could be seen for miles by daybreak.
On Wednesday afternoon, there was a second major explosion, which launched a tower at the plant in the air "like a missile,' Branick said. There were also minor explosions throughout the day.
After the second large explosion, officials issued a mandatory evacuation order for everyone within a four-mile radius of the plant.
It is not yet known what caused the blasts, and officials have not said when evacuated people might return home.
CBS reports there have been multiple petrochemical industry explosions in Texas in 2019, including one in Crosby in April that killed a worker.
Toby Baker, executive director of the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, said there was an "unacceptable trend of significant incidents" in the region, the BBC reports.
Bailey Dykes, who fled with relatives from Port Neches to her brother's home in nearby Beaumont, told the Times on Wednesday, "Who knows what we're going to do for Thanksgiving tomorrow, but we're still preparing."
In a statement, TPC said: "We cannot speak to the cause of the incident or the extent of damage," Reuters reports.
"Right now, our focus is on protecting the safety of responders and the public, and minimizing any impact to the environment," the company added.


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Tigger and Piglet. 12th in the series of 12 Disney Dreams Collections. Counted cross stitch finished size 5" x 7" vignette picture. Stitched on 16 count Aida 100-Percent fabric, 100-Percent cotton floss, decorative thread, needle, chart and easy-to-follow instructions. 2013 Thomas Kinkade Studios, Disney elements at Disney. Based on the "Winnie the Pooh" works by A.A. Milne and E.H. Shepard.
Pooh and Balloon latch hook rug kit. 12th in the series of 12 Disney Dreams Collections. Our finished size 17" x 35" latch hook rug kit comes complete with easy-to-follow full color chart, blank Graph N' Latch(r) 3.75 mesh rug canvas with Blue Lined Grid for easy counting and perfect rugs every time plus MCG Textiles 100-Percent acrylic pre-cut rug yarn. Kit requires latch hook tool and rug binding to complete. 2013 Thomas Kinkade Studios, Disney elements at Disney. Based on the "Winnie the Pooh" works by A.A. Milne and E.H. Shepard.
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The magnetic base holds pins, needles, bobbins, scissors, etc. Slim design is the same as the 6902AB and 6904AB and fits easily into other ArtBin products.
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If you want to know what's happening in pest management, look no further. As news comes into the Pest office we post it here. Add this page to your favourites, or sign-up to our RSS feed (see RSS logo top right) to receive alerts when new stories are posted.
Survey launched by Defra to gather information on General Licences
On 12 September Defra launched a 12 week online public survey to gather evidence on the control that stakeholders consider is required under the General Licences. This forms part of a planned ongoing review of General Licences to manage wild birds in England.
Keywords: regulation , birds
Published: 16 September 2019
Bird General Licences saga set to run....
Don't be lulled into a false sense of security. Things may appear to have settled down following the publication of GL34, GL35 and GL36 on 14 June but, fearfully, this is unlikely to be the end of this story which professional pest control has, almost unintentionally, been drawn into.
Keywords: regulation , birds
Published: 15 July 2019
Update - Defra and Natural England grilled on 21 May about bird licences
Few pest controllers could be unaware that Natural England revoked the three general licences for controlling wild birds (GL 04/05/06) on 25 April. The whole saga has reached such a point that there was a special one-off session for MPs on 21 May.
Keywords: regulation , birds
Published: 20 May 2019
Major changes to bird licensing set to cause chaos for pest professionals
The Government has bowed to pressure from wildlife activists, Chris Packham, Mark Avery and Ruth Tingay and, with effect from tomorrow, 25 April 2019, will be revoking three general licences for controlling wild birds. These licences (GL 04/05/06) cover 16 species of birds including several members of the crow family, Canada goose, some gulls and pigeons.
Keywords: regulation , birds
Published: 24 April 2019
News from PestFix - clinic debates users' experiences
PestTech 2017 had a fresh new feel to it following the move from the National Motorcycle Museum to the Ricoh Arena. With the move to the Ricoh Arena, the PestFix stand took pride of place at the entrance to the exhibition hall for the team to meet and greet show visitors.
Keywords: event , birds
Published: 24 November 2017
Seminars to suit everyone at PestEx
PestEx 2017 staged a wide-ranging programme of seminars split between two separate areas, one dedicated to technical topics, the other to business matters. Over the two days there was something for everyone.
Keywords: event , insects , insecticide , birds , workplace
Published: 03 April 2017
News from PestFix – see you at PestEx
PestFix looks forward to seeing you at PestEx where you can win a Handheld 100 laser, find out more about hot products such as the SolarFix which featured in issue 49 of Pest and meet the man behind the Agrilaser Autonomic.
Keywords: event , company , birds , competition , other product
Published: 15 March 2017


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Pellet heating – Wikipedia
2019-5-22 · Pellet heating is a heating system in which wood pellets (small pellets from wood chips and sawdust) are combusted. Other pelletized fuels such as straw pellets are used occasionally. Today's central heating system which run on wood pellets as a renewable energy source are comparable in operation and maintenance of oil and gas heating systems.
Different Types of Pellet Heating Systems – Wood Pellets
Your pellet heating system professional will be able to help you determine which unit will fit your specific heating needs. find the pellet heating system for you. Size, Design, Operation, and Features. Pellet heat systems come in many different sizes and designs. Size, in terms of heating ability, is determined by consumption rate.
Wood Pellet Heating Systems – pellergy
Wood Pellet Heating Systems. Wood pellet heating systems typically have four components—a burner (located inside a boiler), a pellet storage unit (hopper), a pellet conveyor (vacuum suction or Auger) to transfer the pellets from the hopper to the burner, and a controller that responds to the home's thermostat and automates the entire system.
Pellet heating and boiler – pellet stove central heating …
Advantages of a pellet-heating system Pellet heating systems are just as user-friendly as central heating systems fired with oil or gas. However, they cause the lowest fuel costs as well as the lowest carbon emissions when it comes to central heatings. Heating comfortably with pellets
Pellet heating system: Heating with pellet heating …
RIKA pellet stove The area of application of a pellet heating system is very varied and broad based. Pellet heating systems are especially suitable for detached and semi-detached houses as well as apartments of every size. The use in larger living complexes is also optimal, as well as in the commercial, communal and industrial sectors.
Heating Systems | Wood Pellet Heat
Pellet stoves Pellet stoves are, you named it, stoves used for burning wood pellets to then generate heat. And they're much less harmful to people and the environment than alternative fossil fuel heating methods. Maybe what's stopping you from buying one is the relatively high …
Wood Pellet Heating Systems | Satherm
Wood pellet heating systems typically have four components—a burner (located inside a boiler), a pellet storage unit (hopper), a pellet conveyor (vacuum suction or Auger) to transfer the pellets from the hopper to the burner, and a controller that responds to the home's thermostat and automates the entire system.
Pellet heating system | © Windhager Central Heating
Heating systems from Windhager Zentralheizung. Austria is renowned for its heating system manufacturers, especially when it comes to biomass technology. But few have as much experience as Windhager, which was established in 1921. All our heating systems for wood, wood chips and pellets are designed and manufactured in Austria. Windhager boilers
PELLET HEATING SYSTEMS – schmid-energy.ch
2019-6-12 · of their game – in other words – the pellet heating system design, de-velopment and technology. The quality of the product is guaranteed by means of a rigid quality management process and a continued evolution of new technologies. Technical specifications Basement 15 kW 25 kW 35 kW
Wood and Pellet Heating | Department of Energy
Pellet-fireplace inserts fit into existing fireplaces. Several companies now make pellet-fired furnaces and boilers for replacement of, or a supplement to, gas- or oil-fired furnaces and boilers in residential space heating systems. All pellet fuel appliances have a fuel hopper …


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HOT! It was so very, very hot this day. The thermometer was no indication of how incredibly sweltering it was here. For instance, the thermometer read 89 in the morning, but the heat index was at 105 … ONE HUNDRED AND FIVE!! Of course, as luck would have it, I had to spend the vast majority of the day out in the sauna they call weather here. I started out the day shooting portraits for an ad, then I shot a house being moved through downtown. This was followed by football practice at a local high school then photos of that same school's newly renovated elementary school library. This was followed by a photo for a group of horse riders who made a charitable donation to a local group (to be used for Camp Sunshine … for those of you who have been following my blog). I then went from there to shoot another high school's football practice. I was beat by the end of the day and dehydrated to the point of cramping (I was just unable to keep up with the amount of water I would have had to be consuming to keep hydrated). Welcome to a Mississippi summer!
Ad Portrait
House Moving
Parklane Football Practice
Parklane Library Renovation
Donation Photograph
McComb Football Practice
A whole lot of driving this day! My photographing for the day started out with covering a jack-knifed truck on the Interstate. The rest of my day was spent driving all over the place with a writer for a couple assignments. I had to drive out to a "local" high school for media day to shoot some portraits and get some head shots for possible future stories. From there we went up to another county's courthouse to document a Tuskegee airman receiving a Congressional Gold Medal (technically a bronze replica as the Tuskegee Airmen were awarded the gold medal as a group, so the original gold medal resides in the Smithsonian). A cool day with a LOT of driving (over 120 miles all told), but I got to shake hands with a Tuskegee Airman … Pretty sweet!
Football Players
Tuskegee Airman


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Marry Me!
Kishori, unmarried and mother to a daughter, and her sister Sonal live in a house in Berlin. The house and a cafe on the ground floor are led by Kishori. All of a sudden, her strict and traditional grandmother comes for a visit from India. She wants to sell the house unless Kishori agrees to marry the father of her daughter, Robert. As Kishori feels obliged to all the befriended inhabitants of the house, including Robert, to keep the house, Kishori und Robert prepare to have a traditional Indian wedding.
Views: 119
Genre: Comedy
Director: Neelesha Barthel
Actors: Fahri Yardım, Maryam Zaree, Rebecca Rudolph, Renate Krößner, Steffen Groth, Stephan Grossmann, Udo Schenk
Release: 2015


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Take the dribbling away from your players and motivate them to pass wit the KBA No Bounce Basketball.
- Great instructional basketball teaching aid for passing the basketball
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- Composite leather cover
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Aug 23, 2018
Great course! I always just assumed that employees knew what was expected of them. Setting expectations (not rules) is so important in today's world. I'm so glad that I found this class. Thank you!
Jun 09, 2018
Great course allowing the student to develop a real thoughtful coaching philosophy. I look forward to implementing what I've learned with my team. The possibilities are limitless.
por Petr M•
Dec 10, 2018
Useful theory and practices how to set expectation, work with a team, evaluate the team and mainly improve the team. I would recommend it to all line managers and team leaders.
por Luigi M•
Mar 28, 2019
A great course with topics explained in deep details. Do not miss it!
por Francisco J G M•
Jun 21, 2017
A great course that takes you hand in hand to set expectations and understand assesing performance issues.
por Sardar P S•
May 03, 2018
Really this course was excellent, how we have to assess performance issues of our team members was explained well.
i am implementing in my organization.
por Alina N•
Aug 24, 2016
Amazing course. Loved it!:)
por Emilie S•
Jul 03, 2016
This course provided great insight and strategies on how to assess your team.
This training is a must for any manager!
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Oct 24, 2017
Excellent course!
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May 17, 2018
I thoroughly enjoyed the learnings!
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Oct 21, 2017
Great content that I found immediately useful at work.
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Oct 23, 2016
A comprehensive and practical course for managers - wish this had been around when I first started out -- would have saved me a lot of time! The readings are great and reinforce key ideas. Techniques are easy to apply ASAP for immediate results.
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Jan 08, 2017
The courses in this specialization keep on getting better and better. I believe that I have never had a better grounding in what coaching is than in this series.
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Dec 21, 2016
Excelente curso, muy bien explicado
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Aug 08, 2016
This was an incredible course with information that I could immediately put to use in my current, middle management position. Even someone that is not in management or is at a higher level of management would benefit from the skills taught.
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Sep 09, 2017
Great course, powerful content that is very relevant and applicable in the work space
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Jun 09, 2018
Great course allowing the student to develop a real thoughtful coaching philosophy. I look forward to implementing what I've learned with my team. The possibilities are limitless.
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I find this course very informative and they way Kris explains the process behind being a great coach very easy to understand. After starting up this course, I have found that I did things quite a bit differently, and some of the time, wrong. Kris has really opened my eyes to the ways that coaching could be done more effectively, meaningfully and respectfully.
Thank you Kris, UC Davis and Coursera for bringing this into existence!
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Defining our leadership point of view and the importance of setting clear expectations is something we don't normally do a great job at. This course and extras from Ken Blanchard provides a useful framework to do this.
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This was an exceptional programme!!
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This excellent course helps one focus on the observable and measurable bits of a management enterprise, allowing the manager to remove subjectivity from the process and focus on the important stuff. The class helps managers get down to the business of getting down to business!
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great course. highly recommended
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Jul 11, 2017
Professor was very didactic, and the issues discussed here were very important to me. I always thought coaching was about just going and making questions and find the roadblocks of my employees or others. However, this course showed that is not only about that, but how to MEASURE the expectations and goals we get from the talks with employees.
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Instructor is very engaging and provides additional learning resources. Content very useful for long-time and new leaders and managers. Great specialization!!!!
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Great course, just loved it. I will definitely be using a lot of what I learned here in my job.
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Every course in this series was excellent ... so practical ... so oriented to those of us who are not professional coaches, but rather those of us who oversee daily operations and are helped by learning coaching and many of the other helpful components of this course.


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Plan: Traditions 3100 V8.0c
- 4 beds
- 2 baths
- $314,695 price
- 1437310 mls id
- Square Feet: 3,070 sqft
Listing Description
This family-friendly community is tucked in between Texas Township and the larger adjoining communities of Portage and Kalamazoo, offering top-notched schools and quick entry into some of Kalamazoo County's most lovely nature preserves.. Copperleaf in the northwest corner of Portage makes travel easy among Kalamazoo County's many diverse offerings – ranging from Western Michigan University to Al Sabo nature preserve. Close to Kalamazoo Valley Community College, shopping malls, entertainment and dining. Just off of 12th Street, Copperleaf is also a straight shot down Milham Avenue from Portage Northern High School and the Crossroads Mall. Cultural activities and major road shows are frequent at WMU, and it's a 10-minute drive from Kalamazoo's downtown.
- Bhi Subdivision Name Copperleaf
- sqft_min 3070
- Builder Website
- NewHomeSource Listing
- NewHomeSource Subdivision Website
- New Construction Yes
- Price Range $257.3K - $359.9K
- Subdivision StatusActive
- Subdivision Website
Related Listings
15 Pictures
The Pennridge Trails community is located in the Portage Public School District and allows its residents to enjoy the best of both worlds—city convenience with easy access to great dining & shopping in the bustling city center of Portage, and the tranquility of the surrounding natural...
4 beds, 2 baths, 2,637 sqft, $284,900
40 Pictures
OPEN HOUSE SUN 11/24 1-3PM!Wonderfully maintained & spacious 4 bed/3.5bath Ranch Walk-out in South Portage! Open & bright layout throughout w/11ft ceilings & skylights! Spacious Master Suite w/sitting area & master bath complete w/jacuzzi tub, nice sized walk in closet & dual...
4 beds, 4 baths, 3,568 sqft, $328,900
Courtesy of: Allen Edwin Homes
Office Phone: 269-210-2123 ext
Listing Agent: Mike McGivney
Updated: 13th December, 2019 8:51 AM.
5975 Copperleaf Trail Portage, MI


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2019 Ford Bronco Specs Release Price Review
2019 Ford Bronco. The publication met with "Ford engineer closely involved in the project," which leaked a series of new details provided on the next SUV. The most shocking of them: there will be a two-door version. Although the new Wrangler will include a two-door model. The picture here gives us the best idea of how it appears With the new Sentinel, we have quite clever about what is in the store idea, although there is much less convinced in the Ford Bronco 2019. The last era, which ended in 1996, was based on the Ford F-150. While some fans believe that Ford can make Bronco in the light of the new Raptor for 2017, Ford prefers to use Everest-based Sentinel to the new Bronco.
In any case, the technical director of the corridor rejected this certificate. As he pointed out, the new Bronco will be a unique car, not the modified Everest. Dear Inspector, he expects a smaller choice of Ford Bronco II 2019, but bigger than Bronco I. Also, in case you are worried about the new Bronco will be a famous explorer, do not be. "People have an idea of what Bronco has bought. In a positive way, we have an idea of what Bronco has bought and will expect to transfer to our customers.
2019 Ford Bronco engine
Representations of the SUV theory represent that in any case, we have an excellent Bronco box with the inclusion of the famous grille inserts and round headlights, however, with the current profile will face driving demands through difficult terrain. It is clear that the idea of the Ford Bronco 2004 includes an intercooler turbo-diesel 2.0-liter I4, a six-speed manual transmission and intelligent traction in all four wheels, so these initial interim stages. The premise above is the independent website of Trucks.com, however, and focuses on the conviction that the Ford Bronco 2019 body will share development with the design edge and rear/quad engine with the new and promising design. Shape guard.
Ford Bronco Specifications
There is still a line of solar characters running all over the SUV, and it is simply like the original Bronco. Fenders include direct straps to cover large tires. The current wheels give the truck a clean look, however, Ford will probably use more units to set up the vehicle.
This list clearly shows that the Ford Bronco 2019 is a two-way SUV. While we like this situation, it's hard to imagine that Ford will only offer this configuration. The model is likely to have four entry or, if not, one with open entrances for easy access to the rear seats. Think Toyota FJ Cruiser. Looking at Jeep Wrangler as a contextual investigation will prove to be a dominant part of the choice of the four buyers. Ford Wrangler may repeat, giving him two wheelbase models with two and four-way versions. Hi, Heaven is the limit.
Since Ford Bronco 2019 will depend on Ranger, we expect it to share a specific similarity. So far, we have no formal idea of the interior of Rangers of the United States. However, it is likely to look like a Ford Ranger world that has been in showrooms around the world for some time.
The United States is likely to get an officer on a lot of updates and configuration changes on the current global truck, and this is what Bronco looks like from the inside. A mid-mounted switch with a 4WD wheel drive, and a large entertainment and driver data display. Wait for keyless access, and the push-catch feature is standard.
Ford Bronco Edition and Price
The assessment is unrealistic for discussion now, however, we expect the Ford Bronco 2019 to be very focused on the evolving Jeep Wrangler. Wrangler's costs have developed unabated, making them more expensive than the poor quality that began in the late 1940s. The current JK Unlimited Wrangler starts at less than $ 28,000. As soon as the new era comes, the cost is likely to rise to the north by two or three hundred dollars. Therefore, the cost of Bronco is likely to range between $ 30,000 and $ 45,000, depending on alternatives and levels of compensation.


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Molly Gloss is a fourth-generation Oregonian who now lives in Portland on the west side of the Tualatin Hills. She is the author of five novels: The Jump-Off Creek, The Dazzle of Day, Wild Life, The Hearts of Horses, and Falling from Horses, and one collection of stories, Unforseen. Her awards include the Oregon Book Award, a Pacific Northwest Booksellers Award, the PEN West Fiction Prize, the James Tiptree Jr. Award, and a Whiting Writers Award; and her short story, "Lambing Season" was a finalist for the Hugo and Nebula Awards. Her work often concerns the landscape, literature, mythology, and life of the American West.
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31 Kyle Court is situated in the heart of Ayr centre within a well respected retirement development, comprising double bedroom, lounge, kitchen and family bathroom. The property is situated on the upper floor, accessed via stairs or lift, and benefits further from private residents parking. The development enjoys an active social scene and its location is close to all amenities.
In summary the property layout extends to a secure door entry with lift and stairs to the upper levels. The apartment itself comprises lounge with French doors to the Juliet balcony. The bedroom is double in size with fitted wardrobes. Kitchen and family bathroom complete the accommodation
Kyle Court is a retirement development within the town of Ayr. It's located immediately adjacent to the train station. Supermarkets and local town centre shops are all within a short walk.
Room Sizes
Lounge 14'2 x 11'5
Kitchen 7'9 x 6'1
Bedroom 17'4 x 8'8
Bathroom 6'6 x 6'
Travel Directions
For Sat Nav purposes the postcode is KA7 3AW
EPC rating: C.