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By Dr. Mercola
Pain is a widespread problem today, delivering serious blows to people's health, happiness, and productivity. The experience of pain is highly subjective—people feel pain differently. The pain process itself is a multifaceted phenomenon and understanding it has become a major focus of scientific inquiry.
The documentary The Secret World of Pain explores the biological, psychological, and genetic aspects of pain, including genetic mutations that interfere with pain signaling and even render certain individuals completely unable to experience pain—which can be quite dangerous.
Some of these rare individuals are featured in the film and are of great value to pain researchers. In addition to genetics, events in early childhood also help determine how you experience and respond to pain later in life.
The good news is that your pain response is not indelibly hardwired into you, in spite of your genetic predispositions and early childhood experiences. Studies show it's possible to distract or "manipulate" your brain into responding differently to pain—excellent news if you are a chronic pain sufferer.
With a few effective tools, you can manage pain effectively and reduce, if not eliminate, your reliance on painkiller drugs. This is important because these drugs introduce a whole new set of health risks, regardless of whether they are prescription or over-the-counter (OTC).
How Extensive Is the Pain Problem?
The latest statistics indicate that pain is a massive problem. According to the Institute of Medicine report, "Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research,"1 pain costs society between $560 billion and $635 billion annually—amounting to about $2,000 for every man, woman, and child living in the US.
Part of this cost is lost productivity. Overall, workers lose an average of 4.6 hours per week of productive time due to pain conditions, regardless of age. According to the American Academy of Pain Medicine, pain affects more Americans than diabetes, heart disease, and cancer combined.2
The global market for pain management is forecast to reach $60 billion by the year 2015,3 driven by our aging population, lifestyle trends, increasingly frequent surgical procedures, and escalating rates of chronic illness—such as arthritis and cancer.
Pain is an unfortunate sequela of many diseases, as well as their common medical treatments. Low back pain is the leading cause of pain in the US, according to NIH, followed headaches and migraines, neck pain, and facial pain.4 Back pain is also the leading cause of disability worldwide.5
Chronic Pain 'Defies Scientific Explanation'
Chronic pain is a particularly egregious problem, not only in the US but across the globe. As of 2011, at least 100 million adult Americans were estimated to suffer from chronic pain—a conservative estimate, as it didn't include acute pain conditions or children. According to the BBC documentary, chronic pain affects one in five people.
Globally, more than 1.5 billion people suffer from chronic pain, and about 3 to 4.5 percent of the world's population suffers from neuropathic pain, with incidence rates that increase with age.
In those with chronic pain, the pain response is flipped on—and stays on. For some reason, the feedback system is broken and repairing it is one of the greatest challenges facing medicine today.
Chronic pain, such as persistent pain after a stroke or the pain associated with fibromyalgia, is especially devastating because it serves no functional purpose and responds poorly to conventional treatments.
For chronic pain sufferers, pain signals fire incessantly, causing a cascade of changes to the nervous system that amplify these signals. This bombardment of your nervous system can significantly damage your brain, structurally and chemically. Brain scans show that chronic pain sufferers lose significant amounts of gray matter from their prefrontal cortex.
Determinants of Your Pain Experience
How can one person saw off his arm to escape entrapment and feel NO pain, while another may be in pain around the clock, absent of any pain stimuli? Geneticists believe DNA explains how people experience pain differently. Hundreds of genes and millions of neurons are responsible for transmitting messages between your body and brain.
On the other hand, many psychologists believe how you experience pain as an adult is determined by your early childhood experiences, and your beliefs and perceptions about pain. Chances are, both geneticists and psychologists are correct!
Mutations on one gene—the SCN9A gene, involved in the regulation of sodium channels—are responsible for congenital insensitivity to pain. But different mutations on that same gene can cause "paroxysmal extreme pain disorder," a condition where pain signals are mercilessly amplified.6
But genes can't explain everything—key life experiences are just as important. Pain pathways formed in early childhood are intricately connected with touch pathways. In fact, a pain pathway can be thought of as an overstimulated touch pathway.
Preemies show stronger brain activity than normal babies, suggesting heightened sensitivity to pain. This is believed to be associated with their exposure to a greater number of painful procedures when their nervous systems are so immature, which affects the development of their pain pathways.
This doesn't happen to all preemies, but it does give powerful insight into how pain responses develop. Interestingly, pain receptors and responses differ between the genders. Studies show that women experience pain more acutely than men.7
A 2005 study showed that women have 34 nerve fibers per square centimeter of facial skin, compared to only 17 for men. Women also report more pain throughout their lives, in more areas of their bodies and for longer durations.8
Emotions Play a Significant Role in Pain Intensity
Every pain experience activates different parts of your brain, creating its own neural signature, and this determines how much something hurts. Emotions play a key role, including anxiety, happiness, and sadness.
In the documentary, brain-imaging studies reveals how participants' brains light up differently when pain is paired with different emotions. In fact, multiple regions of your brain are involved with every pain experience—sensory, attention, motivation, and decision-making areas all contribute to how much pain you feel. Each pain experience is a unique, shaped by mood and context.
Emotional pain activates the same pathways in your brain as physical pain, which is one reason why being rejected "hurts" so much! The term "broken heart" turns out to be much more than a metaphor, as emotional stress is linked to chronic inflammation, lowered immune function, increased tumor growth, and other serious health concerns.
No one understands the power of emotional pain more than those trained in torture. According to the CIA's "torture manual," the threat of inflicting pain triggers fears that are more damaging to the person than the pain itself, because people typically underestimate their capacity to withstand pain.9 This is an excellent example of how powerful your beliefs and expectations influence your experience of pain.
An interesting study at Duke University10 tested how expectations influence pain relief. Participants were given painful electrical shocks, then placebo pills. A placebo pill costing $0.10 alleviated pain for about 64 percent of the participants, but an identical placebo costing $2.50 reduced pain for 85 percent of the participants.
Prescription Painkillers Are Bad News
It is shocking just how little education physicians receive in medical school about pain management, despite the fact that pain is one of the most common and debilitating conditions they will face with their patients. Most European medical schools have no required courses on pain, and even when compulsory pain courses are in place, they represent just 12 hours of a six-year program. With few other tools in their tool bag, it's easy to see why physicians typically resort to prescription painkillers—and as a result, we have an epidemic of prescription drug abuse and related deaths.
Prescription painkillers typically work by binding to receptors in your brain to decrease your perception of pain—but they also create a feeling of euphoria that can easily lead to physical dependence or addiction. Painkillers can also result in allergic reactions, slowed breathing, and death, if too many are taken, and the risks are compounded if you add alcohol into the equation.
Painkiller addiction is at epidemic levels; in the UK, significantly more people are addicted to over-the-counter and prescription painkillers than to illegal drugs. In the US, it's a similar story. According to CDC, prescription painkiller overdoses killed nearly 15,000 Americans in 2008, which is more than three times as many as in 1999.11 Middle-aged adults have the highest prescription overdose rates. In 2010, there were four times more deaths among women from prescription painkiller overdoses than for cocaine and heroin deaths combined.12
Even if you don't become addicted to painkillers, long-term use can significantly increase your risk for depression. The drugs may reset your brain's reward pathway to a higher level, making it more difficult to experience pleasure from natural rewards like food. Seventy-seven percent of chronic pain sufferers who take opioid painkillers report symptoms of depression, and 86 percent report inability to sleep well, as well as other impairments to their quality of life.13
Even non-narcotic painkillers are risky. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs, are among the most widely used painkillers in the world. In the US, more than 70 million prescriptions for NSAIDs are written each year. And each year, an estimated 107,000 patients are hospitalized for NSAID-related gastrointestinal complications—at least 16,500 NSAID-related deaths occur each year among arthritis patients alone.
All NSAIDs, including aspirin and ibuprofen, are associated with potentially serious side effects such as atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and GI bleeding. The best way to avoid the downsides to painkillers is to avoid taking them in the first place. A better approach to pain is treating it with natural, drug-free strategies, before resorting to OTC or prescription drugs.
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Study Shows Distracting Yourself May Cut Pain in Half
The good news is that you're not stuck with your genetics and old pain wiring—at least, not completely. As multiple studies have demonstrated, your pain pathways are plastic—they can be molded and transformed using a variety of approaches, because so many areas of your brain and nervous system are at play.
Researchers on the burn unit at Seattle's Harborview Medical Center are capitalizing on the fact that the brain's attention centers can be "distracted away" from a painful experience. Burn victims frequently undergo painful wound care procedures and debridement. Since we all respond strongly to visual stimuli, even the mere sight of wound care instruments can amplify pain for burn victims. So researchers developed an action video game, called "Snow World," that burn patients could engage in during wound care. The results have been astonishing—burn patients experience more than 50 percent less pain during their burn treatments when playing Snow World.
Your brain has limits to its processing power, so if you're highly engaged in an activity, your brain will not be able to process all of the pain signals. The net result is that you experience less pain. Similar studies show that when your mind is encouraged to "wander" away from painful stimuli, an opiate-rich region of your brain is stimulated, resulting in pain suppression.14
Another new technique that shows great promise for pain treatment is transcranial magnetic stimulation, or rTMS. Altering your brain activity with magnetic fields may indeed relieve chronic pain, but it's also been found useful for treating depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Parkinson's disease. Unfortunately, the treatment is not yet widely available and is fairly pricey. According to Scientific American:15
"The magnetic field affects the electrical signaling used by neurons to communicate, but how exactly it improves symptoms is unclear—scientists suspect rTMS may redirect the activity of select cells or even entire brain circuits."
Medical Cannabis Is Typically Highly Effective for Pain Control
In California, medical marijuana has been legal for 18 years. Dr. Allan Frankel, a board-certified internist in California, has treated patients with medical cannabis for the past seven years. By and large, cannabis is highly favored by people across the US. According to Dr. Frankel, 85-95 percent of Americans are in favor of medical cannabis, and 58-59 percent are in favor of legalizing marijuana. The pharmaceutical industry strongly opposes medical cannabis, as it's their stiffest competition—particularly when it comes to treating pain, anxiety disorders, and seizures. Cannabis can take the place of a wide variety of synthetic drugs, and the last thing they want is a therapy that's going to take away from their bottom line.
Dr. Frankel has used cannabis to treat a variety of pain disorders, including degenerative neurological disorders like dystonia and multiple sclerosis. Although he has experienced many successes, he is reluctant to call it a panacea. Nevertheless, occasionally his patients will experience very dramatic results. Cannabis can be eaten, smoked, vaporized, or applied topically as a cream. Even eating raw cannabis—meaning, eating the leaves in a salad or juiced—can have healing effects, including pain relief, reduced anxiety, and improved sleep.
The effects are largely dose-dependent, but the dosing can be a bit tricky. Dr. Frankel shared that some patients may be taking 10 or even 100 times higher dosage than is really needed to treat their ailment. Access to medical cannabis remains a problem for many. At present, only 20 US states have legalized cannabis for medical purposes, but access is gradually expanding as more states vote in legalization. In states where medical cannabis is legal, you can join a collective, whose members have the legal right to grow and share cannabis medicines with each other.
Effective, Natural Pain Control Measures You Can Implement TODAY
Everyone's experience of pain is different, so you may have to do some experimenting to see what strategies work best for you. The following table lists many tried and true non-drug pain therapies that have stood the tests of time and scientific scrutiny.
NATURAL PAIN CONTROL Treatments Medical cannabis has a long history as a natural analgesic.16 Its medicinal qualities are due to high amounts (about 10-20 percent) of cannabidiol (CBD), medicinal terpenes, and flavonoids. As discussed in this previous article, varieties of cannabis exist that are very low in tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)—the psychoactive component of marijuana that makes you feel "stoned"—and high in medicinal CBD. The Journal of Pain,17 a publication by the American Pain Society, has a long list of studies on the pain-relieving effects of cannabis. Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT): Few people want to be told that their pain is psychological or emotional in origin, but there's quite a bit of evidence that backs this up. Underlying emotional issues and unresolved trauma can have an enormous influence on your health, particularly as it relates to physical pain. Dr. John Sarno, a psychiatrist who uses mind-body techniques to treat patients with severe low back pain, has experienced more than 80 percent success using EFT. Acupuncture: A novel experiment showed that acupuncture relieves pain by deactivating certain parts of the brain, particularly in the limbic system, which is involved with pain perception. Acupuncture stimulates the conduction of electromagnetic signals, which may cause your body to release natural pain-killing chemicals/endorphins. Other studies have found acupuncture more effective for chronic pain than drug treatment.18 Massage: Massage releases endorphins, which help induce relaxation, relieve pain, and reduce stress chemicals such as cortisol and noradrenaline. Latest studies suggest many people may not be getting massages frequently enough for pain relief—two or three 60-minute massages per week may be necessary. Chiropractic: According to a study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine19 and funded by the National Institutes of Health, patients with neck pain who used a chiropractor and/or exercise were more than twice as likely to be pain-free in 12 weeks, compared to those who took medication. Relearn proper posture: Foundation Training—an innovative method developed by Dr. Eric Goodman to treat his own chronic low back pain. The exercises are designed to help you strengthen your entire core and move the way nature intended. K-Laser: Laser therapy helps reduce pain and inflammation and enhances tissue healing—both in hard and soft tissues (muscles, ligaments, and bones). Laser therapy can be helpful for acute and chronic issues, alike. Mind-body approaches such as yoga, Tai Chi, biofeedback, breath work, and music therapy may be effective. Meditation can help you reduce stress-induced inflammation. Even holding hands with a loved one can relieve pain! Applying ice or heat, or alternating between the two, can provide relief and facilitate healing.20 Foods, Herbs, Creams, and Other Supplements Astaxanthin: One of the most effective fat-soluble antioxidants known, astaxanthin also has potent anti-inflammatory properties and in many cases works more effectively than anti-inflammatory drugs. Higher doses are typically required—you may need 8 mg or more per day to achieve this benefit. Ginger: This herb has potent anti-inflammatory activity and offers pain relief and stomach-settling properties. Fresh ginger works well steeped in boiling water as a tea or grated into vegetable juice. Curcumin: In a study of osteoarthritis patients, those who added 200 mg of curcumin a day to their treatment plan had reduced pain and increased mobility. A prior study also found that turmeric extract (rich in curcuminoids) blocked inflammatory pathways, effectively preventing the overproduction of a protein that triggers swelling and pain. Boswellia: Also known as boswellin or "Indian frankincense," this herb contains specific active anti-inflammatory agents. This is one of my personal favorites as I have seen it work well with many rheumatoid arthritis patients. Krill Oil: Many clinical studies have found the omega-3 fats EPA and DHA, contained in krill oil, to have anti-inflammatory properties beneficial for pain. Bromelain: This enzyme, found in pineapples, is a natural anti-inflammatory. Bromelain can be taken in supplement form, but eating fresh pineapple, including some of the bromelain-rich stem, may also be helpful. Cetyl Myristoleate (CMO): This oil, found in fish and dairy butter, acts as a "joint lubricant" and anti-inflammatory. I have used a topical CMO preparation myself to relieve ganglion cysts and a mildly annoying carpal tunnel syndrome that pops up when I type too much on non-ergonomic keyboards. Evening Primrose, Black Currant, and Borage Oils: These contain the essential fatty acid gamma linolenic acid (GLA), which is useful for treating arthritic pain. Capsaicin Cream: Capsaicin comes from dried hot peppers and has pain-relief and anti-inflammatory properties. Capsaicin depletes your body's supply of substance P, a chemical component of the pain signals your nerve cells transmit to your brain. It is available in pain-relieving creams and patches, and has shown promise for relieving shingles pain, osteoarthritis, psoriasis, and more.


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This shot came about in a completely unexpected manner. I spent a part of the day yesterday walking around downtown San Antonio seeing if I could get a neat skyline shot from an angle that I had not taken a shot from before. Unfortunately, after several attempts scaling shorter parking garages and buildings, I finally found one that I thought would work, at the Crowne Plaza Hotel Riverwalk at 111 Pecan Street East. I took the elevator to the 9th floor, and climbed a flight of stairs to reach the top of the garage. Unfortunately, the view was not at all what I was hoping for, and, disappointed, hung my head as I walked back down the steps to the elevator. Just as I was about to reach for the door, I heard something in the stairwell and it caused me to look down the steps, and this scene is what awaited me. Completely unplanned, and what I think is a really incredible shot!
This shot was also the first that I have processed using Nik Color Efex Pro 4, which has even MORE filters than 3, and (in my opinion) improved on what was already the best photo enhancing product on the market. The fine folks over at Nik Software continue to churn out high quality products, and I cannot recommend them enough! They offer 30 day demos of all of their products, and I guarantee once you try it, you are going to want to buy it, their software really is that good!!
Down and Up
Please feel free to leave comments and/or feedback below. Also remember that clicking on the photo itself lets you view the image in a variety of sizes by taking you to my online gallery hosted over at smugmug. Thanks for stopping by!

subset: commoncrawl


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The Digital Camera Photographer of the Year competition is the leading contest for anyone with a passion for digital photography and is open now.
Its aim is to reveal the most inspirational and imaginative images, and last year the competition attracted more than 100,000 entries from around the world.
The Adrenaline category is perfect for those high-speed mountain bike and road racing shots, and if you capture the beauty of your riding landscape why not enter the Britain Inspired or Landscape categories too?
There's an attractive prize pot with £10,000 for the overall winner, £500 for category winners, £250 for category second place and £100 for category third place.
Why not head to our How to photograph mountain biking like a pro feature for some tips?
To find out more and to enter head to the Photographer of the Year website now.


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Chiptune, also known as chip music or 8-bit music, is a style of synthesized electronic music made using the programmable sound generator (PSG) sound chips in vintage arcade machines, computers and video game consoles. The term is commonly used to refer to tracker format music which intentionally sounds similar to older PSG-created music (this is the original meaning of the term), as well as music that combines PSG sounds with modern musical styles.[1][2]
By the early 1980s, personal computers had become less expensive and more accessible than they had been previously. This led to a proliferation of outdated personal computers and game consoles that had been abandoned by consumers as they upgraded to newer machines. They were in low demand by consumers as a whole, and thus were not difficult to find, making them a highly accessible and affordable method of creating sound or art. While it has been a mostly underground genre, chiptune has had periods of moderate popularity in the 1980s and 21st century, and has influenced the development of electronic dance music.
The terms "chip music" and "chiptune" refer to music made by the sound chips found within early gaming systems and microcomputers.[3][4][5]
A waveform generator is a fundamental module in a sound synthesis system. A waveform generator usually produces a basic geometrical waveform with a fixed or variable timbre and variable pitch. Common waveform generator configurations usually included two or three simple waveforms and often a single pseudo-random-noise generator (PRNG). Available waveforms often included pulse wave (whose timbre can be varied by modifying the duty cycle), square wave (a symmetrical pulse wave producing only odd overtones), triangle wave (which has a fixed timbre containing only odd harmonics, but is softer than a square wave), and sawtooth wave (which has a bright raspy timbre and contains odd and even harmonics). Two notable examples of systems employing this technology comprise the Nintendo Game Boy portable game console, and the Commodore 64 personal computer. The Game Boy uses two pulse channels (switchable between 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 75% wave duty cycle), a channel for 4-bit pulse-code modulation (PCM) playback, and a pseudo-random-noise generator. The Commodore 64, however, used the MOS Technology SID chip which offered 3 channels, each switchable between pulse, saw-tooth, triangle, and noise. Unlike the Game Boy, the pulse channels on the Commodore 64 allowed full control over wave duty cycles. The SID was a very technically advanced chip, offering many other features including ring modulation and adjustable resonance filters.[6]
Due to limited number of voices in those primitive chips, one of the main challenges is to produce rich polyphonic music with them. The usual method to emulate it is via quick arpeggios, which is one of the most relevant features of chiptune music (along, of course, with its electronic timbres).
Some older systems featured a simple beeper as their only sound output, as the original ZX Spectrum and IBM PC; despite this, many skilled programmers were able to produce unexpectedly rich music with this bare hardware, where the sound is fully generated by the system's CPU by direct control of the beeper.
The earliest precursors to chip music can be found in the early history of computer music. In 1951, the computers CSIRAC and Ferranti Mark 1 were used to perform real-time synthesized digital music in public.[7] One of the earliest commercial computer music albums came from the First Philadelphia Computer Music Festival, held August 25, 1978, as part of the Personal Computing '78 show. The First Philadelphia Computer Music Festival recordings were published by Creative Computing in 1979.[8] The Global TV program Science International (1976-79) credited a PDP-11/10 for the music.[9][10]
Chiptune music began to appear with the video game music produced during the golden age of video arcade games. An early example was the opening tune in Tomohiro Nishikado's arcade game Gun Fight (1975). The first video game to use a continuous background soundtrack was Tomohiro Nishikado's 1978 release Space Invaders, which had four simple chromatic descending bass notes repeating in a loop, though it was dynamic and interacted with the player, increasing pace as the enemies descended on the player.[11] The first video game to feature continuous melodic background music was Rally-X, an arcade game released by Namco in 1980, featuring a simple tune that repeats continuously during gameplay.[12] It was also one of the earliest games to use a digital-to-analog converter to produce sampled sounds.[13] That same year, the first video game to feature speech synthesis was also released, Sunsoft's shoot 'em up arcade game Stratovox.[12]
In the late 1970s, the pioneering electronic dance/synthpop group Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO) were using computers to produce synthesized music.[14] Some of their early music, including their 1978 self-titled debut album, were sampling sounds from popular arcade games such as Space Invaders[15] and Gun Fight. In addition to incorporating sounds from contemporary video games into their music, the band would later have a major influence on much of the video game and chiptune music produced during the 8-bit and 16-bit eras.[16][17]Sega's 1982 arcade game Super Locomotive, for example, featured a chiptune cover version of YMO's "Rydeen" (1979);[18] several later computer games also covered the song, such as Trooper Truck (1983) by Rabbit Software as well as Daley Thompson's Decathlon (1984) and Stryker's Run (1986) arranged by Martin Galway.
By 1983, Konami's arcade game Gyruss utilized five sound chips along with a digital-to-analog converter, which were partly used to create an electronic rendition of J.S. Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D minor.[19] In 1984, former YMO member Haruomi Hosono released an album produced entirely from Namco arcade game samples entitled Video Game Music, an early example of a chiptune record[20] and the first video game music album.[21] The record featured the work of Namco's chiptune composers: Toshio Kai (Pac-Man in 1980), Nobuyuki Ohnogi (Galaga, New Rally-X and Bosconian in 1981, and Pole Position in 1982), and Yuriko Keino (Dig Dug and Xevious in 1982).[22]
A major advance for chip music was the introduction of frequency modulation synthesis (FM synthesis), first commercially released by Yamaha for their digital synthesizers and FM sound chips, which began appearing in arcade machines from the early 1980s.[23][24] Arcade game composers utilizing FM synthesis at the time included Konami's Miki Higashino (Gradius, Yie-Ar Kung Fu, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles) and Sega's Hiroshi Kawaguchi (Space Harrier, Hang-On, Out Run).
By the early 1980s, significant improvements to personal computer game music were made possible with the introduction of digital FM synthesis sound. Yamaha began manufacturing FM synth boards for Japanese computers such as the NEC PC-8801 and PC-9801 in the early 1980s, and by the mid-1980s, the PC-8801 and FM-7 had built-in FM sound. This allowed computer game music to have greater complexity than the simplistic beeps from internal speakers. These FM synth boards produced a "warm and pleasant sound" that musicians such as Yuzo Koshiro and Takeshi Abo utilized to produce music that is still highly regarded within the chiptune community.[25] In the early 1980s, Japanese personal computers such as the NEC PC-88 and PC-98 featured audio programming languages such as Music Macro Language (MML) and MIDI interfaces, which were most often used to produce video game music.[26]
Fujitsu also released the FM Sound Editor software for the FM-7 in 1985, providing users with a user-friendly interface to create and edit synthesized music.[27]
The widespread adoption of FM synthesis by consoles would later be one of the major advances of the 16-bit era, by which time 16-bit arcade machines were using multiple FM synthesis chips.[23] A major chiptune composer during this period was Yuzo Koshiro.[28] Despite later advances in audio technology, he would continue to use older PC-8801 hardware to produce chiptune soundtracks for series such as Streets of Rage (1991-1994) and Etrian Odyssey (2007-present).[25] His soundtrack to The Revenge of Shinobi (1989) featured house[29][30] and progressive techno compositions[28] that fused electronic dance music with traditional Japanese music.[31]The soundtrack for Streets of Rage 2 (1992) is considered "revolutionary" and "ahead of its time" for its "blend of swaggering house synths, dirty electro-funk and trancey electronic textures that would feel as comfortable in a nightclub as a video game."[32] For the soundtrack to Streets of Rage 3 (1994), Koshiro created a new composition method called the "Automated Composing System" to produce "fast-beat techno like jungle,"[33] resulting in innovative and experimental sounds generated automatically.[34] Koshiro also composed chiptune soundtracks for series such as Dragon Slayer, Ys, Shinobi, and ActRaiser. Another important FM synth composer was the late Ryu Umemoto, who composed chiptune soundtracks for various visual novel and shoot 'em up games.[35]
Later on, several demo groups moved to using their own music instead of ripped game music. In 1986, Jeroen "Red" Kimmel studied Rob Hubbard's player routine and used it for original demo songs[36] before writing a routine of his own in 1987. Hobbyists were also writing their own dedicated music editor software, such as Chris Hülsbeck's Soundmonitor which was released as a type-in listing in a 1986 issue of the German C-64 magazine 64'er.[37]
The practice of SID music composition has continued seamlessly until this day in conjunction with the Commodore 64 demoscene. The High Voltage SID Collection, a comprehensive archive of SID music, contains over 40,000 pieces of SID music.[38]
Commodore Amiga (1985), with its wavetable and sample-based sound synthesis, distanced the concept of microcomputer music away from plain chip-synthesized sounds. Amiga tracker music software, beginning from Karsten Obarski's Ultimate Soundtracker (1987), inspired great numbers of computer enthusiasts to create computer music. As an offshoot of the burgeoning tracker music culture, a type of tracker music reminiscent of Commodore 64 SID music was born. This type of music came to be called "chiptunes" (referring to Amiga's chip memory, the part of memory that custom chips can access).
Earliest examples of tracker chiptunes date back to 1989 and are attributed to the demoscene musicians 4mat, Baroque, TDK, Turtle and Duz. Tracker chiptunes are based on very short looped waveforms which are modulated by tracker effects such as arpeggio, vibrato, and portamento.
Musicians like Random Voice later included the technique of rapidly repeating series of offset waveforms in order to fully emulate one single SID instrument with trackers.
The small amount of sample data made tracker chiptunes far more space-efficient than most other types of tracker music, which made them appealing to size-limited demoscene demos and crack intros. Tracker chiptunes have also been commonly used in other warez scene executables such as keygens.
Nowadays, the term "chiptune" is also used to cover chip music using actual chip-based synthesis, but some sources, such as the Amiga Music Preservation project, still define a chiptune specifically as a small tracker module.[39]
The heyday of chiptune music was the 1980s.[40] The earliest commercial chiptune records produced entirely from sampling arcade game sounds have existed since the mid-1980s, an early example being Haruomi Hosono's Video Game Music in 1984.[20] Though entirely chiptune records were uncommon at the time, many mainstream musicians in the pop rock,[41]hip hop[42] and electronic music[43] genres were sampling arcade game sounds and bleeps during the golden age of video arcade games (late 1970s to mid-1980s), as early as Yellow Magic Orchestra's "Computer Game" in 1978.[15]Buckner & Garcia's "Pac-Man Fever" and the album of the same name were major hits in 1982.[41] Arcade game sounds were one of the foundational elements of the electro music genre, which in turn inspired many other electronic dance music genres such as techno and house music, which were sometimes referred to as "bleep music".[15]Space Invaders inspired Player One's "Space Invaders" (1979), which in turn provided the bassline for Jesse Saunders' "On and On" (1984),[44][45] the first Chicago house track.[46]Warp's record "Testone" (1990) by Sweet Exorcist sampled video game sounds from Yellow Magic Orchestra's "Computer Game" and defined Sheffield's bleep techno scene in the early 1990s.[47]
After the 1980s, however, chiptune music began declining in popularity.[40] Since then, up until the 2000s, chip music was rarely performed live and the songs were nearly exclusively spread as executable programs and other computer file formats. Some of the earliest examples of record label releases of pure chip music can be found in the late 1990s.[48] Chiptune music began gaining popularity again towards the end of the 1990s. The first electroclash record, I-F's "Space Invaders Are Smoking Grass" (1997), has been described as "burbling electro in a vocodered homage to Atari-era hi-jinks".[49]
By the mid-2000s, 8-bit chip music began making a comeback in mainstream pop music, when it was used by acts such as Beck (for example, the 2005 song "Girl"), The Killers (for example, the 2004 song "On Top"), No Doubt with the song "Running", and particularly The Postal Service in many of their songs. The low-quality digital PCM styling of early game music composers such as Hiroshi Kawaguchi also began gaining popularity.[50] In 2003, the J-pop girl group Perfume,[51][52] along with producer Yasutaka Nakata, began producing music combining chiptunes with synthpop and electro house;[52] their breakthrough came in 2007 with Game, which led to other Japanese female artists using a similar electronic style, including Aira Mitsuki, immi, Mizca, SAWA, Saori@destiny, and Sweet Vacation.[53] Electro house producer Deadmau5 started his career in the late 1990s, with a chiptune and demoscene movements-influenced sound. Three self-released compilations Project 56, deadmau5 Circa 1998-2002 and A Little Oblique were finished in 2006.[54]
In 2007, the notable, entirely chiptune album 8-Bit Operators: The Music of Kraftwerk was released on major mainstream label Astralwerks/EMI Records, which included several prominent and noted chipmusicians, including Nanoloop[55] creator Oliver Wittchow, and LittleSoundDJ[56] creator Johan Kotlinski who appears as the artist Role Model. Kraftwerk founding member Ralf Hütter personally selected the tracks.[57] A vinyl 12-inch single version was released on February 24, 2007 as a precursor to the full-length CD, and reached as high as number 17[58] on the Billboard magazine Hot Dance Singles Sales Chart. In March 2007, the CD release reached as high as number 1 on the CMJ RPM (North American college Electronic) charts.[59][60] Edinburgh born electronic musician Unicorn Kid has helped further popularize chiptune, especially with the song 'True Love Fantasy' and other songs from the EP 'Tidal Rave' being played on late night radio, including on BBC Radio 1, where he played live on the Festive Festival 2011. In Canada, Eightcubed and Crystal Castles helped the popularity further via the Toronto underground club scene and created a lasting impression with the music video "Heart Invaders" debuting on MuchMusic in 2008 [61] and the single "Alice Practice" hitting 29th on NME "150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years".[62]
During the late 2000s, a new wave of chiptune culture took place, boosted by the release of software such as LittleSoundDJ for the Game Boy. This new culture has much more emphasis on live performances and record releases than the demoscene and tracker culture, of which the new artists are often only distantly aware.[63] In recent years, 8-bit chiptune sounds, or "video game beats", have been used by a number of mainstream pop artists. Examples include artists such as Kesha[64] (most notably in "Tik Tok",[65][66] the best-selling single of 2010),[67]50 Cent with the hit single "Ayo Technology", Robyn, Snoop Dogg,[65][66]Eminem (for example, "Hellbound"), Nelly Furtado, and Timbaland (see Timbaland plagiarism controversy). The influence of video game sounds can also be heard in contemporary British electronica music by artists such as Dizzee Rascal and Kieran Hebden,[68] as well as in heavy metal bands such as DragonForce. Grime music in particular samples sawtooth wave sounds from video games which were popular in East London.[69]Dubstep producers have also been influenced by video game chiptunes, particularly the work of Yuzo Koshiro.[70][71][72] In 2010, a BBC article stated that the "sights and sounds of old-school games" (naming Frogger and Donkey Kong as examples) are "now becoming a part of mainstream music and culture."[40]Complextro pioneer Porter Robinson has also cited video game sounds, or chiptunes, as an influence on his style of music along with 1980s analog synth music.[73]
The chip scene is far from dead with "compos" being held, groups releasing music disks and with the cracktro/demo scene. New tracker tools are making chip sounds available to less techy musicians. The NES platform has the MidiNES, a cartridge that turns the system into a full blown hardware MIDI controlled synthesizer. Recently, for the Commodore 64, the Mssiah has been released, which is very similar to the MidiNES, but with greater parameter controls, sequencing, analog drum emulation, and limited sample playback. The Commodore PET has the open-source PetSynth software, which uses the PET's 6522 chip for sound, allows the computer to be played like a piano keyboard, and features many effects. On the DOS platform, Fast Tracker is one of the most famous chiptune makers because of the ability to create hand-drawn samples with the mouse. Chiptune artist Pixelh8 has also designed music software such as Music Tech[74] for the Game Boy and the Pro Performer[75] for the Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS which turn both machines into real time synthesizers.
Chip music has returned to 21st century gaming, either in full chip music style or using chip samples in the music. Popular games that feature chiptune elements in their soundtracks include Mega Man Battle Network, Super Meat Boy, Duck Game, VVVVVV, Super Hexagon, Fez, Shovel Knight, and Undertale.[76][77] Furthermore, the Electronic Frontier Foundation in December 2010 used a faux 8-bit game with an 8-bit sound track by crashfaster to demonstrate its notable legal achievements for that year.[78]
On March 16, 2012 the Smithsonian American Art Museum's "The Art of Video Games" exhibit opened featuring a chipmusic soundtrack at the entrance by artists 8 Bit Weapon & ComputeHer. 8 Bit Weapon also created a track called "The art of Video Games Anthem" for the exhibit as well.[79]
In September 2015, the first music compilation based on Domo (NHK), Domo Loves Chiptune, was released on iTunes, Amazon, and all major music streaming services.[80][81] The compilation features top artists in the Chiptune genre such Anamanaguchi and Disasterpeace. Domo Loves Chiptune also features the first Chiptune remix of the Domo theme song by Mystery Mansion. The New York City chiptune scene was also the subject of a documentary called Reformat the Planet by 2 Player Productions. This film was an official selection at the 2008 South by Southwest.[82]
There have been a number of television segments featuring chiptunes and chip music artists in the past few years. On April 11, 2005, 8 Bit Weapon played their songs "Bombs Away" and "Gameboy Rocker" on G4's Attack of the Show live broadcast Episode #5058.[83][84]
In 2008, as a parody of Masterpiece Theatre, the first four episodes of Boing Boing Videos SPAMasterpiece Theater opened with a chiptune remix of Jean-Joseph Mouret's "Rondeau: Fanfare" (1735) by Hamhocks Buttermilk Johnson.[85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92]
Another chipmusic feature included little-scale, Dot.AY, Ten Thousand Free Men & Their Families and Jim Cuomo on the ABC Australia television series Good Game.[93]
A chiptune-esque soundtrack is commonly heard in and is often associated with the animated series Adventure Time.
Columbia/CBS Records' Pac-Man Fever...was No. 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 last week.
A native of Chicago, where house was first popularized, Saunders is credited for producing and releasing the first house single, "On and On", on his own Jes Say Records label.


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Running a website or blog on theinternet is often termed as the easiest thing to do in the world. let me tellyou something. If you are a blogger then you will never say that blogging is achild's game because we all know that this is not something that you can doonly for one hour in the day and spend rest of your day stalking profiles onsocial media. If you really want to become a successful blogger then you haveto take care of different things. One of the most important things that youhave to keep tracking are your backlinks. If your website doesn't have any goodbacklinks then you are not going to rank high in search engine rankings. If youwant to get success then you need a lot of backlinks and along with that youwill need to keep a record of those backlinks. There are several tools that youcan use to keep a record of your backlinks. We are going to discuss 3 best backlink checking tools here in this article.
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This is another Windows-onlyapplication that you can install in your windows operating system. This is avery light yet powerful tool to use. Once you will use this tool, you willtotally forget about other tools that are available inthe market. The best thing about this tool is that, it is free to use. It willgive you detailed information about the sites that have given backlinks to yourwebsite. You will be able to see the strength of the backlinks that areobtained by your website.


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The first release in 2015 of the KD 7 drops Thursday, January 15, 2015, and is being called "Road Camo." The colorway of the shoe is light blue lacquer upper and outsole with a clearwater color on the midsole. The kick features a graphic on the Hyperposite heel clip. The shoe uses the same pattern on the forefoot Swoosh that was on some of the original Weatherman-inspired colorways from last summer. The KD 7 also has a visible total orange Nike Zoom Unit in the heel for that extra bounce.
Launch: 1/15/15
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Woo! Collective haul time! I got these things over 2 - 3 weeks, from various places online and in stores.
Be forewarned: this is pretty long!
I'll get straight into it and start with the eyeshadows and eye things first..
So here we go!
I'll start with these wet n' wild palettes I was sent by a girl in the states that I did a swap with, along with some burts bees stuff not pictured.
|Feeling Retro
Colour & Texture: The colour payoff is best in the blue, as you can see from the picture, it's also the softest in texture. The purple is pretty good too, especially over a primer like Milk by NYX (which I have on its way hehe!). The white is powdery and not that great. I use it occasionally for the inner corners but it's a bit wishy washy. I'd also say it's a bit too shimmery for a browbone colour, but that's just my preference!
|I got good jeans
These are really nice complimentary colours, with a light blue, a dark duo-chrome navy, and a gold colour.
Colour & Texture: This palette is similar to the previous one as the colours range from good to medium, to not so great. Although all three shades are very soft in texture. The lightest shade is gorgeous, and has good pigmentation, even without a base, so does the darker navy. This colour has a black shimmer as you can kind of see in the swatches. The gold isn't powdery like the white of the previous palette, but it does need to be built up over a primer, again over milk by NYX it would go on well.
|I dream of geenie
I'm not too into greens, but I do love tropical looks on the eyes so would use the brightest yellowy green for this.
Colour & Texture: The middle is more of a forest green and is quite smooth. I was surprised with the browbone shade as I expected to be the same as the one in 'I'm feeling retro', it's nice and creamy and has good colour payoff. Although again it wouldn't be my go to shade for my browbone as it's too shimmery, it would make a good inner corner highlight.
That's all of the wet n' wild palettes, but I definitely want more! For the price you pay in the US (1,99$?), they are really good, and it seems they have a really good selection of colours! If you want to get your hands on them but you're not in the US you can find them on Beauty Joint!
Next up is a few eyeshadows from Catrice, one of my favourite highstreet brands!
|Mud Spencer & Coralle Hill
Colour & Texture: These are very smooth colours. The brown shades have a satin/shimmer finish while the hot coral has a matte finish. The browns have better pigmentation than the coral which was disappointing, but by patting it on instead of sweeping, it does help build it up better. The lightest is a good highlight shade as it is more of a golden/neutral rather than the white of the wet n' wild palettes. It could even be used as a subtle cheek highlight. This is a good palette if you want an all in one kind of thing for maybe a weekend away as you can work the browns during the day then add some colour for the night.
|Carrots of the carribean & Let me have cake
These two I picked up on a whim as I needed a matte white for highlighting and because I don't have a vibrant orange like this in any of my palettes.
Colour & Texture: They're similar to the coral of the last palette, as in you have to layer it up, especially the white. The orange has a slight golden shimmer to it, but it glides on lovely and softly. I'm disappointed in the white as it barely shows up, as you can see in the swatch (or can't see as the case may be..).
|top - bottom: Oils slick, vapor, peace, ransom
Ooh! I was excited to get these! They came from a generous lady in the UK who was selling/swapping stuff on reddit. I love the purple and the blue the most. They're the old style packaging/formula.
Colour & Texture: As one would expect from urban decay shadows the pigmentation is fabulous, and very vibrant. Oil slick is a black with silver glitter in it, but it doesn't come off like a glitterbomb when you wear it. Vapor is the perfect shimmery white, it can be sheered out as a brow highlight or built up for the inner corner. You need the tiniest bit as it is very pigmented and is easy to over do. Ransom is a beautiful shade of violet, the payoff doesn't look great on the swatch but in real life it is very good. Peace is a vibrant turquoise and has some of the best pigmentation of the four shades. Again you have to be careful not to overload your brush as it is a very strong colour.
|Hoola & Thanks a latte
I did it! I finally got my hands on benefit's hoola!
You may have seen this on my wishlist for a while and I know this is only a sample size, but I don't use it everyday so I have faith that it will last me a while. I got it as part as the 'Bronze of the champions' kit that they have in stock in Debenhams IE now (yay!) so that's why it has the eyeshadow too.
Colour & Texture: Ah yes, it's all I ever wanted in a bronzer! It is very nice though, not too powdery, but not too soft. I will say you have to use a light hand with it or you can go overboard. The eyeshadow is very soft, and a lovely colour. I don't find myself reaching for it too often, as I think it's a bit too shimmery for me, and also a bit too... I don't really know, the colour is a bit cold for my liking. The only problem with that is that these are impossible to de-pot (you can see from the dents that I've tried), so there's not really any way for me to separate them to give away or even put away.
This is also from the benefit kit, and is a very smooth cream eyeshadow.
Colour & Texture: It's very similar to the elf cream eyeshadows I have, if a bit softer even. It's a fine base colour as it's very sheers and will add a bit of shimmer to a matte shade over the top. Again, I don't find myself reaching for it that much, but I might bring it away with me if I was going anywhere as I find cream shadows are quick to apply with fingers.
Yay! More benefit! This also came in the 'Bronze of the champions' kit (who'da thunk it!?). I really wanted this for ages, after I found that high beam just didn't work for me. I think it's my skin tone, as it's quite warm, and high beam is suited to cooler skin tones as it's more pinky.
Colour & Texture: This has a beautiful golden hue to it as you can see in the swatch, and it matches pretty well. It has a smooth creamy texture that is easy to blend with a brush or just your fingers. It's lovely for that subtle dewy glow and goes well with Hoola as a bronzer.
|Stila all over shimmer duo in Kitten
Colour & Texture: It's so soft and creamy in texture, and glides on like a dream. It's essentially like a powder version of Watts Up by benefit, but a bit more of a white shimmer instead of the gold. So far I really like it and it gives a lovely natural glow to the skin.
|Matte perfect primer by MUA
This is another thing that was on my wishlist after I saw Hannah say it was a dupe for the POREfessional by benefit. I have a sample size of the benefit primer and really like it, but only use it for special occasions really. You can see on the image above how it fills the creases/wrinkles in the hand and creates a smooth surface.
Texture: The texture is as you would expect that of a silicone based primer to be. It glides on nicely, although you have to be careful not to overdo it and use too much as that makes it go a bit 'bit-y' so to speak. I don't have too much of a problem with shine after I've powdered, so I can't attest to it's mattifying claims but I do see an increase in the longevity of my makeup. I normally use it mostly on my cheeks and nose and a bit between my eyebrows as that's where I have larger pores/uneven texture. Also, even though the tube isn't very large, you only need a pea sized amount, so it should last a long time. But if not, hey, it's only 6£!!
|Urban Decay eyeliner Demolition
This came in my Hautelook spring bag, and is the first 24/7 glide on eye pencil I've tried - so far, so good!
Colour & Texture: These are known for being exceptionally smooth and easy to use, and they are! I find this brown a little too dark for my liking but hey, it's still a pretty damn good eyeliner. It's great for a smokey eye as it's soft enough to smudge out on the upper or lower lash line. It has really good staying power too, especially on the waterline. I use it to tight line my upper waterline and have no problems with it leaking or transferring.
|Catrice all-round concealer
Another catrice product! This is a great palette, and is very versatile!
Colour & Texture: These are very pigmented concealers. The palette comes with three skin tone shades, one very light, one medium and one slightly darker and peachier, then two colour correcting shades - green and pink. I use the lightest for highlighting cheekbones, nose, and forehead. I normally mix the other two colours as both are one shade too light/dark for me. The green and pink are slightly less pigmented but still work very well. I use these mainly for my blemishes & highlighting, as I find they crease a bit much under my eyes.
|Witch blemish concealer stick
I used to use the witch blemish stick all the time when I was younger and it worked pretty good, as did the face wash, so naturally I thought this would be a good investment! It contains witch hazel and tea tree oil to help fight blemishes.
Texture: It comes in one colour only, which is a pity, but it suits me so I'm not worried. It's a very creamy concealer that blends out well. Although sometimes after blending you can see the blemish again. I normally have to layer it twice to get enough coverage. I use it mostly when I'm wearing little makeup - ie, only a bb cream and eye makeup. So far, I have found it has helped with blemishes I can feel coming, but not see. As for the ones that are already there, I haven't found it brings the swelling down much.
|Urban decay, NYX, Catrice, OCC & MUA
Aaand finally!! Lippies galore! I mentioned the UD ones and the OCC lip tar, the nyx one also came from my hautelook spring bag.
Colour & Texture:
The UD ones are fabulous! I don't have any colour like Gravity, and Jilted is a lovely duo chrome berry shade. Both glide on effortlessly and don't sink into lines. I get good wear from them even without a primer underneath.
I haven't used the NYX one that much, only once or twice but I find it's really opaque and doesn't feather at all. This does require a primer if you want a good day's wear from it, but it does set well with powder over it too.
The catrice one is a gorgeous nude-y baby pink, and has a glossy finish to it. It does well with a lipliner underneath to prevent it slipping and feathering.
Ah, the OCC lip tar! The one and only! These are infamous on the web, and they do indeed hold up to my expectations. Applied with a light hand and a very tiny amount it's beautiful. Careful not to use too much as this causes it to feather and turns out very messy. It's best to set this with a translucent powder so as to stop it from transferring and to prolong it's wear throughout the day. It does contain peppermint oil so beware it you have allergies or sensitive lips!
The MUA shade is reaaallly nice! It's a raspberry pink, and has a soft finish with just a sheen. Again I haven't worn much yet, but I do plan on it! It's nice and opaque and only sinks into creases after an hour or two of wear. Also it's best to set this with a powder also, to prolong the wear time!
Bonus - The coloured bit at the bottom screws off and has product in it!
Yay, that's it! I have a few more posts in the pipeline so don't worry! I also am trying to get some videos up onto my youtube channel :3 So keep you're eyes peeled!
Thanks for reading, and let me know in the comments what've you bought lately? Have you tried wet n wild??
Don't forget to check me out on twitter, instagram, she said beauty and now... facebook!
As always these are all available in the sidebar!
Ta-ta for now!! xo


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Chapter 6
Elie has been confusing the reader in whether his faith in God is completely gone or just damaged. Last section we witnessed him stripping away his faith and rebelling greatly at God, even claiming that he believed God was dead. Now, Elie has managed to restore even faith to praise God and give worship. Although his religious state is in question, Elie acknowledges death often. He looks at death commonly as a source of removal from the atrocity he has experienced. We see that he has majorly lost hope in life, and actually visualizes himself to be dead soon. While he contemplates suicide and death in general, however, he also speaks of some primitive response against such. Something inside him naturally fights for survival, so I wonder if this force will strengthen and renew his hope soon.
- "God knows what I would have given to be able to sleep a few moments. But deep inside, I knew that to sleep meant to die. And something in me rebelled against that death." Page 89
- "I saw myself in every stiffened corpse. Soon I wouldn't even be seeing them anymore; I would be one of them." Page 89
- "And in spite of myself, a prayer formed inside me, a prayer to this God in whom I no longer believed." Page 91


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Hope everyone is keeping well.
I have great news for you that reaffirm the saying, "doing is believing." I must confess that I subscribe to this formula that brings several milestones for the year 2015 again.
Some of you may be well aware that I have just conducted my financial training in Kuching, Sarawak on August 22. Several new records were achieved. One is in term of numbers of participants and also the level of engaging with the participants. I must say that this group of awesome people is eager to learn and some even flew all the way from Miri. I am deeply touched by their spirit and of course I strongly believe that I have performed my utmost best for their benefits.
I have even furnished those stuff I promised them within my 48 hours standard and hope that these additional information will help them greatly. Success breeds success. Guess what happened the following week? I received another overseas assignment as associate trainer. This truly affirmed my dream of spreading my wings to South East Asia immediately after my foot print in East Malaysia.
I am deeply delighted with these blessings and committed to accomplish my tasks wholeheartedly so as to groom more people, develop their integrated thinking to achieve sustainable value creation as what I did.
As part of my commitment and dedication to serve my clients with utmost service and at their convenience, I am prepared to travel even outside my country anywhere, everywhere and anytime when my service is required.
I must say you awesome guys have made my dream come true and how can I not do the same for you. Let me know which specific area I can help and you may reach me at email@example.com.
As such, I write to express my heartfelt thanks to all of you again for taking my training course to another level of success.
For your information, my other new programs namely Looking Beyond Financial Statements for Triple Bottom Lines, Looking Beyond Financial Statements Breakthrough Part II, Looking Beyond Financial Statements – An Investor's Perspective Part II and Finance For Non Finance are ready to kick off. These contemporary new programs have been sold to several institutes and will kick off soon.
Stay tuned for more updates. Another of my financial article will be published in its first volume 2 of 2015 in First Financial, being my third article to be published with this esteemed publisher.
Thanks you too for connecting me at OhJames which keeps my circle of friends growing. Currently, it has hot 1,060 members with slightly nearly 1.95 million views.
Thanks you too for connecting me at OhJames which keeps my circle of friends growing. Currently, it has hot 1,060 members with slightly nearly 1.95 million views.
Click the link at My Previous milestone-for-year-of-2015
Your unwavering support has truly made my life more enlightening, refreshing and fulfilling. Trust you too have applied what you have begun benefiting from your application of what you have learned from these workshop and courses.
With this, I write to wish you a great success in life.
Thanks and let me know should you need any type of training on motivation, finance and mind changing programs. Helping you to achieve sustainable value creation is our priority and mission.
Last but not least, I write to register my sincere thanks to you guys for making me feel my efforts are worthwhile and I am deeply happy with such a fulfilling reward.
Likewise, I must reaffirm that today's result is the fruit I enjoy through the process of believe by doing.
By doing so, everyone will reap the similar fruit even for this challenging year of 2015.
I look forward to work with you all again to our mutual progress, profitability and prosperity.


text:
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This credit rating value is intended to represent a mid time period (within 3 years from today). Your poll should consider your opinion about the country's credit rating. You can leave your comment, information and sources for your vote here.
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Ankeny Listing Coming Soon: Pool House Preview!
With spring and summer just around the corner, NOW is the time to start thinking about making the most of warmer weather that is sure to be here soon! And what better way to spend your summer than swimming and lounging poolside?!? BUT, as we all know, pool properties in Ankeny are hard to come by...which is why we're excited to share this soon-to-be listing, coming in mid-May, and complete with an IN-GROUND SWIMMING POOL.
This all brick 1,900 square foot ranch home not only boasts an in-ground pool, but also has an extensive party deck, patio area, significant landscaping, sliders from the large master suite with access to the hot tub deck, and many home updates.
If you're looking for a well-priced pool property perfect for entertaining, relaxing, and enjoying the outdoors, this might just be the home for you! Stay tuned for additional details and pictures coming soon. This home will not last long! Call us (515-964-3662) today for more information!


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Thursday, November 13, 2008
Happy Birthday to ya...
Well in this house today means two ya's. That is right only at Chez Clampett could we manage to pull off the quinella. With both Jnr and Baby celebrating their birthday's today. Jnr is 6 and Baby is 3.
If you know Baby and her 'spirited' little personality you just know that her arriving on Jnr's 3rd birthday so that we had to cancel his party and dote and drool over our new baby girl is so her.
Hard to believe really that I have a 6 year old he is the most amazing little boy (to us) and we love him and his inquiring mind like no other.
How to describe the 3 years of Baby. Loving, funny, challenging and tiring. But at the end of the day even when it has been tough we always laugh (in hindsight) at her antics and wonder what the new day will bring.
I wish you both a lifetime of health, happiness and love and no matter what you always have a friend in me.
6 comments:
- Mothership said...
Alright, that last sentence right there... it got a tear outta me.
Happy birthday x 2 to two beautiful children.
- November 13, 2008 at 2:26 PM
- Jodie said...
Aaaaw, happy birthday to Junior and Baby... gorgeous kids, they look like easy going fun little darlings :)
- November 13, 2008 at 3:51 PM
- Emma said...
Happy Birthday! I hope Little one isn't feeling too left out!
- November 13, 2008 at 8:17 PM
- Nina said...
Happy belated birthday to your gorgeous kids! Have a great weekend :)
- November 14, 2008 at 8:28 PM
- PinkLizzy said...
Such a lovely post.
Happy Birthday Junior and Baby!
- November 17, 2008 at 7:19 AM
- ingrid said...
Happy Birthday Clampett kids!
Sharing abirthday is fine, as long as they get a cake each.
- November 17, 2008 at 10:27 AM
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[Architecture]. Guil Williams, engraver. Group of Five Engraved Plates Depicting British University Architecture. [N.p., cir...Click the image to load the highest resolution version.
Description[Architecture]. Guil Williams, engraver. Group of Five Engraved Plates Depicting British University Architecture. [N.p., circa 1796]. Some toning, creasing and chipping with some small tears along edges. Overall very good.
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Today's Tribune editorial comes out in favor of the NCSD's efforts to construct a water pipeline from Santa Maria to Nipomo. I think the Tribune editorial is well reasoned and well written. I agree with this editorial, and repost it here to further encourage discussion on this issue in our community: Continue reading
Category Archives: Politics
Email From Tri-M Rental Denying Agreement To Use Facility As Marijuana Dispensary
I have just received an email from Mr. Brandon Gesicki of the Abel Maldonado campaign. The email is actually a forwarded email from an Eric Gamble, who represents himself as the Director of the Tri-M Rental Group. Tri-M is the partnership which owns the subject property that has been proposed as a marijuana dispensary in Nipomo. The email was sent to the San Luis Obispo County Planning Department, with a copy to Mr. Dan Woodson, current chair of the SCAC. I am attaching a copy of this email here: Tri-M Email Continue reading
Abel Maldonado Denies Any Agreement To Rent For Nipomo Marijuana Dispensary
As an update to my last post on the Nipomo marijuana dispensary, I spoke again this afternoon with Mr. Brandon Gesicki, of the Abel Maldonado campaign. Based on my discussion with Mr. Gesicki, I came away with the understanding that Mr. Maldonado has never favored or agreed renting to the individual, i.e., David Rosenthal (named in the application papers filed with the county) seeking to operate a marijuana dispensary in Nipomo. Mr. Gesicki confirmed that Mr. Maldonado does have an ownership interest (along with other partners) in Tri-M; however, Mr. Gesicki speaks only on behalf of Mr. Maldonado, and not Tri-M. Mr. Maldonado is a silent partner in the organization. And, it is Mr. Maldonado's position that when Mr. Rosenthal first approached the Tri-M partnership about renting the building for a marijuana dispensary, the Tri-M partnership told him no. They further told Mr. Rosenthal that they would not sell him the subject property so that he could use it as a marijuana facility. Continue reading
Abel Maldonado Possible Ownership Interest In Building To Be Rented as Nipomo Marijuana Dispensary
In a very strange twist to the latest Nipomo Marijuana Dispensary application, the name of Abel Maldonado, California's former Lt. Governor, past State Senator, Assemblyman, and Santa Maria Mayor has surfaced. Mr. Maldonado may have an ownership interest in the building to be rented to the applicant wanting to open a marijuana dispensary in Nipomo. I have attached a 29 page Statement of Economic Interests Form which reflects that Abel Maldonado, Jr. has an ownership interest in Tri-M Rental Group, the same name that appears on the County's application form as the owner of the building in question. Here's the link to the financial disclosure information required of California politicians. Go to page 14 for details on Tri-M's ownership interest in the property: Maldonado 2011
Again, the application paperwork is located here, and clearly shows Tri-M Rental Group as the building owner. Mr. Maldonado's financial disclosure form clearly establishes he has an ownership interest in a Tri-M Rental Group in Santa Maria. I have placed a call to Mr. Kirby, whom I believe is representing Tri-M, and probably Mr. Maldonado to confirm this relationship and ownership; however, I have not yet received any response from Mr. Kirby. The only slim doubt is that the address given for Tri-M in the financial disclosure papers is a street address. The address given on the application to San Luis Obispo is a P.O. Box. I have no reason to believe there are two Tri-M Rental Groups operating out of Santa Maria. I would like to hear from the building owner's representative to confirm or deny the relationships apparently disclosed by these forms.
I will continue to update this information and more as it becomes available.
Response To Tribune Endorsement For State Assembly
On 10/24/10 the Tribune endorsed candidate Hilda Zacarias for State Assembly. This is my response.
From what I have read and seen during the campaign, Ms. Zacarias is an honorable person, with good qualities who might make, under normal circumstances, a fine Assemblywoman. These are not normal circumstances. California faces its greatest financial crisis, probably since it became a state. The machinery of government is essentially in lockdown, unable or incapable of functioning. And while both Zacarias and Katcho are probably better choices as candidates than in most races around the state, I think Katcho's experience not only as a successful businessman but as a very successful 4th District Supervisor gives him the edge over Zacarias.
In its editorial, the Tribune opined in part:
In the final analysis, though, we found Zacarias to be the better fit for the state Assembly. She is the more moderate of the two, and we believe she will be better able to balance the need for economic recovery while maintaining the environmental protections so vital to the Central Coast.
The Tribune continued:
Our decision did not come down to a checklist of issues, however, but rather to identifying the candidate who seems in a better position to build consensus. Achadjian was adept at this in his early years on the board, but as we've noted before, he's recently taken a harder turn to the right.
But, as recently as 05/02/10 in endorsing Katcho in the republican primary the Tribune noted:
If Republicans want a smart, moderate, experienced candidate for Assembly on the November ballot, we believe San Luis Obispo County Supervisor Katcho Achadjian is the clear choice. If, on the other hand, they want a dogmatic, hard-line conservative to face off against Democrat Hilda Zacarias in November, they have two options: local financial planner Matt Kokkonen or Etta Waterfield, the former planning commissioner from Santa Maria.
I'm unsure whether the Tribune's editorial board is implying that Katcho has taken this supposed hard right turn only in the last five months or over a greater period of time: they failed to elaborate–though it's inconceivable how Katcho became a right wing ideologue in only five months. Over the last 12 years I have seen absolutely no evidence of a hard right wing ideologue. In fact, when it came time for Katcho to pursue a partisan office, I'm not convinced his choice to run as a republican was always a forgone conclusion. Of course, there are clear advantages in being a republican candidate in this community.
I, on the other hand am a life long democrat, who is crossing party lines in this race because I have seen and experienced Katcho the consensus builder over the last 12 years. I have seen and experienced the tireless public servant Katcho going far beyond the call of duty of his office to represent the people of District 4 based on his understanding of what they want and what is best for the community.
I believe the Tribune got it right in May, when they described Katcho as a smart, moderate, experienced candidate, who is not a dogmatic hard line conservative. Not only am I sending Katcho to Sacramento with my vote, I am sending him along with Jerry Brown, because I think they are both the better choices in their respective races. And, frankly I expect them to work together for California's benefit, and believe they will do exactly that.
I do not agree with Katcho on all the issues; however, given his track record of exemplary leadership, incredible hard work as a public servant, overall experience and good common sense, I believe he is the better choice for State Assembly in this race, regardless of the Tribune's endorsement . . .
Nipomo Marijuana Dispensary Applicants Appeal Planning Commission Rejection
I just received an email notification from Dan Gaddis, Chair of the South County Advisory Council that the applicants for the Nipomo Marijuana Dispensary have filed an appeal of the Planning Commission's denial of their application. The appeal will be heard by the entire Board of Supervisors sometime in late August or September.
If you have an opinion about whether Nipomo should have a Marijuana dispensary operating under the guise of "medical marijuana" contact all of the board of supervisors, not just our own supervisor, Katcho. You can find all the supervisor's email addresses here.
The applicant's appeal is here: appeal form- applicant_20100618162319
More to come . . .
NICE Presents Candidates' Forum for San Luis Obispo County Sheriff
The Nipomo Incorporation Committee for Education is sponsoring a forum for the current candidates running for San Luis Obispo County Sheriff. The forum is open to the public. The details are:
Date: Saturday April 10, 2010
Time: 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m.
Place: Blacklake Golf Resort Banquet Room, 1490 Golf Course Lane, Nipomo, CA
Come and hear the the candidates' positions on what law enforcement issues face the south county, and Nipomo in particular.


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"Ms. Goree said she was skeptical that changes would be made without the city's being sued. "If the Justice Department doesn't take it to the full extent of the law," she said, "it's not going to be one iota of a change."
Now we will finally find out if Obama and the Justice Department will have the guts and integrity to actually SUE these white supremacist criminals called the Ferguson, Mo. police department. Obviously the President and Eric Holder COULD AND SHOULD sue these assholes but unless and until they actually do what is desperately needed and demanded of them on behalf of the human and constitutional rights of African American citizens in this openly egregious situation I for one am not holding my breath in anticipation of the government doing the right thing for once with respect to the endless racist terrorism of the police throughout the country. In my view the Obama administration has generally been nothing but political cowards up to this point when it comes to the relentless ongoing "crises" of stark racial disparities, profiling, surveillance, rank psychological abuse, and outright physical violence used against black people in the United States since the President entered office in 2009. So while it appears on the surface of this report that the Justice Department is intent on finally doing something real and necessary in this particular instance I'm personally reserving any and all naive expectations or misplaced optimism about this latest news until I finally see some real, CONCRETE ACTION AND RESULTS that will actually seriously challenge and actively OPPOSE the venal injustices that are not only taking place in Ferguson but in every single city and town in this country where African Americans precariously reside...STAY TUNED...and PASS THE WORD...
Kofi http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/04/us/justice-department-finds-pattern-of-police-bias-and-excessive-force-in-ferguson.html?_r=0
Ferguson Police Routinely Violate Rights of Blacks, Justice Dept. Finds
By MATT APUZZO
Protesters on Tuesday outside the Ferguson Police Department, which is accused of violating the constitutional rights of blacks. Credit Whitney Curtis for The New York Times
WASHINGTON — Ferguson, Mo., is a third white, but the crime statistics compiled in the city over the past two years seemed to suggest that only black people were breaking the law. They accounted for 85 percent of traffic stops, 90 percent of tickets and 93 percent of arrests. In cases like jaywalking, which often hinge on police discretion, blacks accounted for 95 percent of all arrests.
The racial disparity in those statistics was so stark that the Justice Department has concluded in a report scheduled for release on Wednesday that there was only one explanation: The Ferguson Police Department was routinely violating the constitutional rights of its black residents.
Related Coverage:
Officials: US Report Finds Racial Bias in Ferguson PoliceMARCH 3, 2015
After Michael Brown's shooting in Ferguson, Mo., many black residents protested what they called unfair treatment by the police.
Justice Department to Fault Ferguson Police, Seeing Racial Bias in Traffic Stops
The report, based on a six-month investigation, provides a glimpse into the roots of the racial tensions that boiled over in Ferguson last summer after a black teenager, Michael Brown, was fatally shot by a white police officer, making it a worldwide flash point in the debate over race and policing in America. It describes a city where the police used force almost exclusively on blacks and regularly stopped people without probable cause. Racial bias is so ingrained, the report said, that Ferguson officials circulated racist jokes on their government email accounts.
In a November 2008 email, a city official said Barack Obama would not be president long because "what black man holds a steady job for four years?" Another email included a cartoon depicting African-Americans as monkeys. A third described black women having abortions as a way to curb crime.
Patterns of Discrimination in Ferguson: (Click on link at the beginning of this article above to see the stark statistics of racism in the treatment of the Ferguson, Missouri police department)
According to a preliminary release, an investigation by the Justice Department's Civil Rights Division into the police department in Ferguson, Mo., found a pattern of racial bias between 2012 and 2014 violating the Constitution and federal law.
"There are serious problems here that cannot be explained away," said a law enforcement official who has seen the report and spoke on the condition of anonymity because it had not been released yet.
Those findings reinforce what the city's black residents have been saying publicly since the shooting in August, that the criminal justice system in Ferguson works differently for blacks and whites. A black motorist who is pulled over is twice as likely to be searched as a white motorist, even though searches of white drivers are more likely to turn up drugs or other contraband, the report found.
Minor, largely discretionary offenses such as disturbing the peace and jaywalking were brought almost exclusively against blacks. When whites were charged with these crimes, they were 68 percent more likely to have their cases dismissed, the Justice Department found.
"I've known it all my life about living out here," Angel Goree, 39, who lives in the apartment complex where Mr. Brown was killed, said Tuesday by phone.
Many such statistics surfaced in the aftermath of Mr. Brown's shooting, but the Justice Department report offers a more complete look at the data than ever before. Federal investigators conducted hundreds of interviews, reviewed 35,000 pages of police records and analyzed race data compiled for every police stop.
The report will most likely force Ferguson officials to either negotiate a settlement with the Justice Department or face being sued by it on charges of violating the Constitution. Under Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr., the Justice Department has opened more than 20 such investigations into local police departments and issued tough findings against cities including Newark; Albuquerque, N.M.; and Cleveland.
But the Ferguson case has the highest profile of Mr. Holder's tenure and is among the most closely watched since the Justice Department began such investigations in 1994, spurred by the police beating of Rodney King in Los Angeles and the riots that followed.
While much of the attention in Ferguson has been on Mr. Brown's death, federal officials quickly concluded that the shooting was simply the spark that ignited years of pent-up tension and animosity in the area. The Justice Department is expected to issue a separate report Wednesday clearing the police officer, Darren Wilson, of civil rights violations in the shooting.
Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. has had more than 20 police departments investigated. Credit Mandel Ngan/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
It is not clear what changes Ferguson could make that would head off a lawsuit.
The report calls for city officials to acknowledge that the police department's tactics have caused widespread mistrust and violated civil rights. Ferguson officials have so far been reluctant to do so, particularly as relations between the city and Washington have grown strained.
Mr. Holder was openly critical of the way local officials handled the protests and the investigation into Mr. Brown's death, and declared a need for "wholesale change" in the police department. Ferguson officials criticized Mr. Holder for a rush to judgment and saw federal officials as outsiders who did not understand their city.
Brian P. Fletcher, a former Ferguson mayor who is running for City Council in next month's election, said he believed the report was unfair because the Justice Department relied on incomplete data. For example, he said, the racial disparity could be explained not by bias but by the large number of black people from surrounding towns who visit Ferguson to shop.
"I know to some degree we're already on the right track because we've already modified our courts to make it fairer," he said.
For Mr. Holder, the case has been deeply personal. He spoke about conversations he had as a boy with his father about what to do when stopped by the police. And he described his own experience as the victim of racial profiling. Such comments drew the ire of police groups who said Mr. Holder, the nation's first black attorney general, was fueling anti-police sentiment in minority neighborhoods. Mr. Holder has stood by his remarks, which have since been echoed by James Comey, the F.B.I. director.
The report is due to be released in Mr. Holder's final days in office. He announced his retirement last year and plans to leave as soon as the nominee to succeed him, Loretta E. Lynch, is confirmed in the Senate.
In pushing for police reforms, the Justice Department typically does not call for personnel changes, such as the firing of a police chief. Instead, it typically seek institutional changes, such as mandated training, efforts to diversify the police force and more outside oversight. In many cities, the two sides agree on a federal monitor to ensure the police department is complying.
Ms. Goree said she was skeptical that changes would be made without the city's being sued.
"If the Justice Department doesn't take it to the full extent of the law," she said, "it's not going to be one iota of a change."
John Eligon contributed reporting from Kansas City, Mo.


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Sky Tower overview:
One of Abu Dhabis signature commercial and residential destinations situated on Al Reem Island. The 74-storey tower offers office space with a harmonious blend of luxury, contemporary design, form and function.
The Sky Tower is the perfect place to conduct business, generate new ideas, create new trade links and entertain commercial visitors. Visitors are greeted at a lower level registration lobby before climbing to emerge in an elevator lobby with water views. Sophisticated urban elegance and clean modern lines define the Tower s workspaces.
Sky Tower offices have stunning views of the Island and Gulf waters. And as befits an iconic development in one of Abu Dhabis most exciting areas, the Sky Tower gives business owners and employees access to superb amenities.
Facilities and Amenities:
About Al Reem Island:
Al Reem Island is a residential, commercial and business project on Al Reem Isle, a natural island 600 m off the coast of Abu Dhabi island. It is currently being developed separately by Sorouh Real Estate (Shams Abu Dhabi), Reem Investments, and Tamouh. Reem Developers the overall dimensions of the project as 6.5 million square metres and investment costs as exceeding $30 billion. The project has gained international interest as one of the first free zones in Abu Dhabi, where foreign nationals can buy property as leasehold.
Located off the northeastern coast of Abu Dhabi city, it is a mixed purpose community with both residential and commercial units. The handing over of units in Al Reem Island was delayed due to a couple of reasons but during the first quarter of 2011, the handing over process began


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Buy Behaving Badly in UK HERE! The film costars Nat Wolff, Mary-Louise Parker, Elisabeth Shue, Dylan McDermott, Jason Lee, Heather Graham, Cary Elwes and Gary Busey: Rick Stevens is willing to do whatever it takes to win the heart of Nina Pennington.
Even if this means dealing with a mobster's son, a group of strippers, his best friend's horny mother, his drug abusing boss, a perverted principal, a priest with a secret, his suicidal mother, and a patron saint who dispenses cryptic advice. No one ever said love was easy.
Watch MORE clips from the movie HERE!
NOTE: Selena is a in Texas for a 3rd grade graduation!


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Canon Printer PIXMA MG3600 Drivers & Software Download Support for Windows, Mac and Linux
Canon PIXMA MG3600 Drivers Download
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