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Author: Jennifer Niven
Publisher: Knopf
Genre: Romance, Contemporary
Spoilers are in white. Highlight to read.
Blurb:(from goodreads) Theodore Finch is fascinated by death, and he constantly thinks of ways he might kill himself. But each time, something good, no matter how small, stops him.
Violet Markey lives for the future, counting the days until graduation, when she can escape her Indiana town and her aching grief in the wake of her sister's recent death.
When Finch and Violet meet on the ledge of the bell tower at school, it's unclear who saves whom. And when they pair up on a project to discover the "natural wonders" of their state, both Finch and Violet make more important discoveries: It's only with Violet that Finch can be himself—a weird, funny, live-out-loud guy who's not such a freak after all. And it's only with Finch that Violet can forget to count away the days and start living them. But as Violet's world grows, Finch's begins to shrink.
This is an intense, gripping novel perfect for fans of Jay Asher, Rainbow Rowell, John Green, Gayle Forman, and Jenny Downham from a talented new voice in YA, Jennifer Niven.
It makes us question:
"Can we just ever cut out all the bad words from our lives?"
The Downs: I started writing this review about 30 minutes after I read the book, after I relaxed a bit and stopped crying. Right then and there, the book was flawless. It had completely blown me away. Now, looking back on the book, I realize that there were some technical things that I hadn't noticed while reading it, but it doesn't matter, really, because what I took from the book was the intense emotion I had felt right after reading it.
Overall: It's been a very long time since I've read any book that moved me this much, especially a romance.
Rating: Beat. My. Scale.


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Last Chance to Grab The Bluetooth Feather Earbuds For $24.99
Lightweight, comfortable, and tangle-free-these Bluetooth earbuds are music to our ears
By: TweakTown Deals | Deals News | Posted: Apr 17, 2015 4:15 pm
Comment | Email to a Friend | Font Size: AA
Tangled headphone rage is real. But now you can quit your support group-we're offering tangle-free Bluetooth Feather earbuds for 58% off.
Compatible with any Bluetooth device, the Feather earbuds offer three gelled sizes and optional ear hooks ensure they stay put, while the noise-canceling outer shell makes it easy to block out that co-worker who's always mumbling to himself. Plus, with the built-in mic and call-answering functionality, you can quickly switch from your workout mix to the phone calls which can't wait.
This deal's almost gone-head over to TweakTown Deals now to get the Bluetooth Feather Earbuds for 58% off.
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subset: commoncrawl


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It seems most readers agreed with The Capitalist's prediction that Osborne would stick to boring old H2O, despite his traditional entitlement to something stronger while he presents his speech. (The current run of austerity started with Gordon Brown as chancellor, who drank Highland spring water in comparison to his Conservative predecessor Ken Clarke's preference for a tot of Scotch whisky.)
"I've only ever seen George drink water at events," mused one reader, racking his brains. "But if he were to drink, my money would be on him being a G&T man…"
"Definitely gin and tonic when he's off duty, but I can hardly see him harking back to the old school by knocking back an alcoholic drink in the chamber," another scribbled in.
The Tories themselves are keeping very quiet on the matter, though yet another interested party suggests a new tipple entirely – champagne.
"Given Osborne's well-documented liking for hanging out with Rothschilds and kicking back on billionaires' yachts – not to mention his Bullingdon Club history – the smart money's got to be on the bubbly," he chuckles.
Only time will tell.
Speaking of the Budget this morning, the spread betters – as usual – are having a field day by putting out markets on incumbent chancellor Alistair Darling's every miniscule tic.
For those punters looking for truly long odds, Extrabet is offering 100/1 on Darling trotting out the phrase "the forces of hell", which he recently used to describe a drubbing he received from Number 10. Nothing like reopening old wounds, eh?
Musical chairs over at financial PR agency Buchanan, part of the WPP group, where Bobby Morse has replaced the long-serving Richard Oldworth as senior partner.
You'd have thought Oldworth, now executive chairman, would relish the chance to put his feet up a bit, but he insists he'll still be as hands-on as ever with his big-name clients, including inter-dealer broker BGC Partners.
"No, I won't be spending any more time on the golf course," he laughs, ruefully.
Flying the flag for Blighty this week has been William Chase (above), the founder of posh snack brand Tyrrells – who netted an award at San Francisco's World Spirits Competition for producing the world's best vodka. Chase tells me his aim is now to make the finest gin in the world, too, out of his farm's organic apples. Now that's the kind of ambition The Capitalist would be happy to drink to…
To a glitzy do last night at the Institute of Contemporary Arts, where Veuve Clicquot champagne unveiled its 2010 business woman of the year.
Wresting the crown from last year's winner, Random House chief Gail Rebuck, was Laura Tenison (right), founder of pregnancy and baby retail group JoJo Maman Bébé – also commended by the judges for her innovative social responsibility programmes, including working with a Mozambique infant mortality charity.


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|CNC Retrofit for Micro Mills TresServo CNC Machine Tool Motor Controller
|CNC Motor Controller
* Controller and Motors are used in Part Number: Taig-3000-LBTS
* USB interface to the Host Windows Computer
* Internal Power Supply of 25 Volts, 6 Ampere, 120 or 240 VAC input.
* PWM with PID motor tuning
* Current Overload and Position Error Faults
* Relay Power Control for Spindle Motor and Auxilary Device.
* Single DB15 Connector for each Motor.
* Custom Motor Cables Six(6) feet long for each Motor.
|SuperCamXp for USB control is included.
Encoders are 500 Clock Pulses per Revolution.
Provides 2000 increments per revolution of movement resolution.
Full feedback to Host system Graphics Display.
Real Time Animation of machine movements.
|Pictures of the motors and cables
Fully Assembled PFET TresServo Board. USB Input.
18 VAC and 9 VAC power input for Transformer.
Two 10 Ampere Relays.
Home Limit Switch Circuit for Each Motor.
Encoders and Armature Power in DB15 Connector.
Parallel Port Connector Pin Signals Schematic
Servo Motor Connector Pin Signals Schematic
Home Page at http://www.super-tech.com


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The Reebok CYC12 exercise bike is an outstanding recumbent exercise bike. With the CYC12 you get the following features:
-6 pre programmed workouts that allow you variety and challenge in your workouts
-Magnetic resistance system for a quiet and smooth ride
-Crisp, clear and easy to read LCD read out
-Displays speed, time, calories burned, distance and pulse
-Displays the amount of time you've been riding
-Keeps track of your heart rate. Exercise in your target heart rate zone
-Fully adjustable handle bars
-Water bottle holder
The most important aspects to the CYC12 exercise bike is the comfort. You get one of the most comfortable seats available. Both men and women will absolutely love the comfort you get from the CYC12. For those exercisers with bad backs, the CYC12 exercise bike will provide you with outstanding comfort and support. The CYC12 is fully contoured.
Along with a smooth and quiet ride, the Reebok CYC12 Recumbent Exercise Bike is one of the better recumbent bikes you'll find in this price range.
As the owner of Building Muscle 101, I am committed to providing you the best practical weight training advice. I've been training for over 24 years (and still train to this day!) and the advice and guidance I provide comes directly from my experience and knowledge.
Home > Fitness Equipment Info > Fitness Equipment Reviews > Exercise Bike Reviews


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Our pursuit of quality, affordability and value-for-money backed by a solid no-nonsense warranty ensure your Avalanche bicycle will give you both pleasure and peace-of-mind.
Avalanche bicycles are available in configurations to suit everyone from first bicycles for kids, juniors, BMX'ers, mountain bikers, cool cruisers to dedicated road racers and home gym spinning machines. Choose from a wide range of cool Avalanche accessories and colour combinations to create the bike that fits your personality and your pocket. Browse the Avalanche Bicycles 2019 promotional brochure online at ISSUU.com by clicking here or download your own PDF from our website and browse it off line in your own time by clicking here.
Avalanche Bicycles, the lifestyle bicycle brand. Loaded with energy, cool looks and fit right geometry. The perfect choice for cyclists of all ages. Get yours today and …
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With the huge range of options available, across all price points, we highly recommend that you choose one of our reputable dealers in your area who will gladly help you invest in the bicycle best suited to your lifestyle and budget.
Avalanche is a South African company head-quartered in Cape Town, so rest assured, we will be there for you when it counts. Call us or send us an email if you need advice on selecting a dealer in your area suited to your specific needs.
The new 2018 Avalanche e-go ebike.
Avalanche Bicycles 2019 e-Brochure.
Click on the full screen icon at the bottom rhs of the issuu panel to browse the latest bicycles and accessories from Avalanche. When you have finished browsing, hit Esc to return to our website.


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After 11 long weeks of not loving my organization system for writing workshop, I finally have found a system that works for my students and me! I have broken down my main components below:
Writing Folders:
Each student has a writing folder that they keep in the room at all times filed in a crate by their class period. Beside their works in progress and final pieces, in their writing folder is: a Books I have Read sheet, Written Piece Log, Personal Proofreading Sheet, Spelling Sheet and Writing Workshop Planning Sheet. It may seem like a ton of papers but I have color coded each piece and they know what color to grab to get what they need. The problem I had with the writing folders was that the students were shoving them in the crate at the end of the period and they took forever to find their folder. To solve this problem I gave each class period a color and each writing group a number. I wrote on the student's folders their group number in the color of their class period. When the students go to get their folder, they know what color tab and what number tab they can find their folder in. I also have assigned a writing group leader for each group. This persons job is at the beginning and end of class to pass out and collect the writing folders. That way there are only 4-6 students at the crate instead of 30! The students can grab their entire hanging folder ( because it has the colored & numbered tab on it) and pass out the file folders to their groups- so far, works like a charm! I posted a picture of the writing crate above. I am going to split half of the folders into another crate because their folders are getting jammed with all the writing (not necessarily a bad thing 🙂 )
Writing Groups:
My students meet in writing groups when we have writing workshop. To get them into groups, at the beginning of the year I had them write on a note card three people they feel comfortable and would like to work with, and one person they would prefer not to work with. I then had the tedious task of putting my students into groups that worked. I guaranteed them that they wouldn't get the person they didn't want to work with, and said they would get at least one of the three they would like to work with. When we have writing workshop, the group meets together to share their writing, comment on it, get help (if they ask for it) or work on writing activities that we are doing in class. Writing groups have become a safe place for the kids to share their work and listen to each other. I have to admit that we don't meet every single time we have WW, but I try to get them to meet at least once a week.
When students need a conference with me during WW, I have them write their name on the whiteboard in a list. Then I work my way down the list. I use this method after I have walked around the room and made sure everyone has something to start on and doesn't have any housekeeping type questions. I have found that when the students see where they are on the list, they can estimate how long until they can get help. This helps them to go on to something else, without sitting with their hand up or constantly walking up next to me while I am working with someone else.
Revision/ Editing Student Conferences:
When my students want a revision or editing conference. They put their name on the board and then the first two names work together, then the next two etc.. I wasn't sure if students would like this method, but I have found that for those who want someone to revise/ edit their work now, they can get immediate feedback. Since everyone is on a different step in the writing process, If students wait for their friend to be done, they may be sitting around waiting a while. Putting their name on the board allows them to meet with someone who is on the same step as they are in the writing process.


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Where is your favorite holiday resort?
My favorite holiday resort is Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia because I've already been there and I really love this place because of all the different types of environments there, over there, like the nature and mountains, the lakes, and also the city, the big city, Kuala Lumpur, which is a really nice city. They have a lot of shopping malls, really nice shopping malls, not the common ones but really special and big and entertaining so, yeah, I think it's Malaysia.
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I've been struggling for a while to find the right angle to express my Sustainable Human Flourishing-related concerns about Chicago school neoclassical economics - (Note: If those words mean nothing to you, then you should look into it a bit, because this is the school of macroeconomic thought that pretty much runs the world today.)
Noah Smith has saved me from an important part of that struggle with this brilliant post, in which he expresses some very valid concerns on the widely debated topic of whether modern economics is a science (there are some stellar follow-up comments too). I've recently started following Noah because he seems to be a rather clever economics (almost) grad who eloquently expresses many of the same concerns I've heard in various forms from other younger generation economists. Some great quotes from Noah's post include:
Now, far be it from me to argue with the Oxford English Dictionary. But I contend that the real question here is substantive, not semantic. Whether or not an object is an "airplane," the important question is whether it flies. And whether or not economics is a "science," the important question is whether or not it discards its bad ideas.and...
What bothers me is that the economics profession, as a culture, does not always insist that the testable models be tested and discarded. When enough economists ignore the facts and keep believing in models that can and should be discarded, then even though economics is procedurally a science, culturally it is not behaving like one.I can't agree with Noah more - If we look at this by example then the contrast between real science and economics could not be more stark. First, an example from classical science:
Exhibit A) Just last week, we heard from scientists at CERN who, with the OPERA experiment, seem to have disproved one of the most deeply cherished tenets of modern physics - after a multi-year, multi-billion dollar experiment involving hundreds of the top scientists on the planet, they might just have succeeded, quite unexpectedly, in breaking the speed of light!
What do real scientists do when faced with such "success"? They literally beg other scientists to help them prove that they are wrong!
Now, on the other hand, we have an example from the "science" of economics. This example is just as significant but probably a lot more real to most readers:
Exhibit B) The extended global economic crisis of 2008 that we all continue to live through... This crisis is the result of systemic failures in the "scientific" models developed by neoclassical economists.
So, what do we hear from the "scientists" responsible for those models? Krugman puts it very nicely
"When I look at a lot of what prominent economists have been writing in response to the ongoing economic crisis, I see no sign of intellectual discomfort, no sense that a disaster their models made no allowance for is troubling them; I see only blithe invention of stories to rationalize the disaster in a way that supports their side of the partisan divide."Let me try to use an analogy here that I hope will become more apposite when I revisit it below - thousands of people around the world are making it their life's work to try prove that creationism is fact. This does not make creationism a science. It makes it mass wishful thinking. Creationism would become a science if thousands of people made it their life's work to disprove it, and all failed to do so.
Is there any wonder that there are so many comparisons made between neoclassical economic ideology and religious ideologies? With their dogged wishful thinking that their models are ok, despite the evidence, too many economists are behaving like creationists, not like scientists.
In the next part of this post, I'll explore an even more important concern about the current global economic system, and start what I hope will be an extended exploration of an alternative system...


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If you're persistent, you can learn and begin to conquer an instrument in about seven years. By using this same time frame and dedication, the Brooklyn Folk Festival is prepping itself for a scorching solo in this year's recital.
Returning for its seventh edition, the Brooklyn Folk Festival has just announced its deep lineup, featuring a legally blind virtuoso, gospel monarchs, and a famous aerial attack on a banjo. Running the weekend of Friday, April 17–Sunday, April 19, the Festival is prepping for its biggest year yet, taking over Brooklyn Heights' beautifully detailed St. Ann & the Holy Trinity Church.
In remaining consistent with last year's romp, 30 bands will play amongst daily vocal and instrumental workshops, film screenings, and a Sunday-evening square dance. Since the festival's inception, the Down Home Radio Show and the Fabulous Jalopy Theatre have co-produced the event, with every year's tickets selling out. This year's move to St. Ann's not only provides an exquisite backdrop (with William Jay Bolton–designed stained-glass windows) but also allows for a bigger space to accommodate a larger audience.
One artist whose name has reappeared for the past seven iterations: the folk music maestro Jerron "Blind Boy" Paxton. The mid-twenties young gun — who can flip seamlessly through pianos, banjos, fiddles, and guitars to perform one of the thousands of songs he keeps in his repertoire — is set to play April 17. Earlier this year the Voice caught up with Paxton for an extensive profile on this Blind Blake–reincarnated marvel.
Naomi Shelton & the Gospel Queens return to the proceedings (they took last year off) on April 18 with their fiery mix of gospel and soul, a penchant mirrored by Shelton's labelmates at Daptone Records.
The Banjo Toss, a Festival favorite and highlight, will kick off the final day's activities on April 19. Last year's Toss had instruments flying 75 feet into the air and landing in the Fourth Street Basin, and this year one winner will receive a prized banjo.
Eli Smith, the host of Down Home Radio Show, began organizing the event six years ago as a response to Brooklyn's growing folk scene and as a way to showcase local talent. Now, with seven in, his creation has become a staple for the Brooklyn folk scene and a highly anticipated spring happening.
The Brooklyn Folk Festival begins on April 17, and concludes April 19 with a performance by the group Litvakus. Ticket information is available here. For a full calendar of events, visit here.
See also:
Exclusive Premiere: Kristin Andreassen Gives Folk a Brooklyn Spin with 'Lookout'
At Just 25, Jerron 'Blind Boy' Paxton Channels the Spirit of a Bygone Era
'WTF is Hobo Folk?' Shakey Graves and Nikki Lane Ditch Your Labels at the Door


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We had a quiet day on Sunday I was on a sewing day and we were both tired after work.
We therefore waited until Monday and decided to go looking for pied flycatcher, redstarts and garden warblers.
We found the weather had become rather cooler and cloudy but it was dry and a bank holiday and remember that in the UK that in itself is a minor miracle.
We arrived and as we found we were a couple of weeks later this year, the trees were nearly all in full leaf.
A pair of great spotted woodpeckers foraged across the top field we suspected they had a nest nearby.
Ciffchaffs and willow warblers were everywhere. Song thrushes and blackbirds were singing very vociferously. Robins, wrens and dunnocks were also defending territory.
We found out first pied flycatcher by the bridge where we used to play Pooh sticks. There was a basket of sticks and a notice giving instructions for playing Pooh sticks by the bridge.
Further down the stream I like to imagine the laziest beavers in Britain just poking their noses out of their lodge and collecting the sticks that flow down stream towards them. Who needs to forage for sticks when you have children providing a constant supply of them. A sort of chavs of the beaver world.
The only pied flycatchers that we saw were males. I am assuming that the females were on eggs as we saw at least one male visiting the nest box regularly. One male was singing from the top of a tree in full view for several minutes.
In the same location we saw a spotted flycatcher flitting into a small tree. We suspected it had a nest close by.
We walked the shorter circuit and whilst we couldn't find redstarts we did have a goshawk flying over an unexpected bonus.
The bluebell woods were lovely with real English bluebells. They droop and the flowers are only present on one side of the stem.
Greater stitchwort was abundant.
We also found wood millet, so that was three indicators of ancient woodland indicators.
We also found several garden warblers singing lustily. By the pond we found a pair of grey wagtails together .
We found cardinal beetles
We also found dock beetles
And we found a species of red and black planthopper. We found yellow pimpernel
and wood sorrel
Buoyed with our success we drove across the moors and visited Cromford, arriving at approximately 4pm.
We walked to the bridge just to find scaffolding covering the structure. We thought that the structural work could have compelled the dippers to nest elsewhere and they were not in evidence.
We saw yellow archangel
The woods were full of wild garlic which was magnificent if a little smelly.
We found a glow worm larva crossing the path.
I am off the London on Tuesday to have a few days away. I will be in touch and let you know what I see and how I get on.


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|Metapedia Fundraiser 2018: The Internet is the foremost field in the metapolitical battle of our time. Help us hold down the front.
Neil Armstrong
Neil Alden Armstrong (August 5, 1930 - August 25, 2012) was a former American astronaut, test pilot, university professor, United States Naval Aviator and the first person to set foot on the Moon. His first spaceflight was aboard Gemini 8 in 1966, for which he was the command pilot. On this mission, he performed the first manned docking of two spacecraft together with pilot David Scott. Armstrong's second and last spaceflight was as mission commander of the Apollo 11 moon landing mission on July 20, 1969. On this mission, Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin descended to the lunar surface and spent 2.5 hours exploring while Michael Collins remained in orbit in the Command Module. Armstrong was a recipient of the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.
Before becoming an astronaut, Armstrong was in the United States Navy and saw action in the Korean War. After the war, he served as a test pilot at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) High-Speed Flight Station, now known as the Dryden Flight Research Center, where he flew over 900 flights in a variety of aircraft. As a research pilot, Armstrong served as project pilot on the F-100 Super Sabre A and C aircraft, F-101 Voodoo, and the Lockheed F-104A Starfighter. He also flew the Bell X-1B, Bell X-5, North American X-15, F-105 Thunderchief, F-106 Delta Dart, B-47 Stratojet, KC-135 Stratotanker and Paresev. He graduated from Purdue University.
- 1 Early years
- 2 Navy service
- 3 Test pilot
- 4 Astronaut selection and early training
- 5 Life after Apollo
- 6 Personal life
- 7 Illness and death
- 8 Legacy
- 9 See also
- 10 References
Early years
The second child of Stephen Koenig Armstrong and Viola Louise Engel, Neil Armstrong was born at 12:31:39 a.m. on August 5, 1930 in Wapakoneta, Ohio.[1][2]. He was of Scots-Irish and German descent. Stephen Armstrong worked for the Ohio government, and the family moved around the state repeatedly for the next 15 years, living in 20 different towns. Armstrong had two siblings, June and Dean. His father's last forced move was to Wapakoneta in 1944. By this time, Armstrong was active in the Boy Scouts and he eventually earned the rank of Eagle Scout. As an adult, he would be recognized by the Boy Scouts of America with their Distinguished Eagle Scout Award and Silver Buffalo Award. In Wapakoneta, he attended Blume High School.
In 1947, Armstrong began studying aerospace engineering at Purdue University. He was only the second person in his family to attend college. He was also accepted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), but the only engineer he knew (who had attended MIT) dissuaded him from attending, telling Armstrong that it was not necessary to go all the way to Cambridge, Massachusetts for a good education.[3] His college tuition was paid for under the Holloway Plan; successful applicants committed to four years of study, followed by three years of service in the United States Navy, then completion of the final two years of the degree. At Purdue, he received average marks in his subjects, with a GPA that rose and fell over the eight semesters. He received Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from Purdue University and a Master of Science degree in aerospace engineering from University of Southern California. He held honorary doctorates from a number of universities.
Armstrong's call-up from the Navy arrived on January 26, 1949, and required him to report to Naval Air Station Pensacola for flight training. This lasted almost 18 months, during which time he qualified for carrier landing aboard the USS Cabot and USS Wright. On August 12, 1950, he was informed by letter he was now a fully qualified Naval Aviator.[4]
His first assignment was to Fleet Aircraft Service Squadron 7 at NAS San Diego (now known as NAS North Island). Two months later he was assigned to Fighter Squadron 51 (VF-51), an all-jet squadron. He would make his first flight in a jet, a F9F-2B Panther on January 5, 1951. Six months later, he made his first jet carrier landing on the USS Essex. The same week he was promoted from midshipman to ensign. By the end of the month, the Essex had set sail with VF-51 aboard, bound for Korea, where they would act as ground-attack aircraft.[5] He made over 600 flights in a variety of aircraft.
Armstrong first saw action in the Korean War on August 29, 1951, as an escort for a photo reconnaissance plane over Songjin. Five days later, he was shot down for the first and only time. The principal targets for his armed reconnaissance flight were freight yards and a bridge on a narrow valley road south of the village of Majon-ni, west of Wonsan. While making a low bombing run at about 350 mph (560 km/h) in his F9F Panther, Armstrong's plane was hit by anti-aircraft gunfire. The plane took a nose dive, and sliced through a cable strung about 500 ft (150 m) up across the valley by the North Koreans. This sheared off an estimated six feet (2 m) of its right wing.
Armstrong was able to fly the plane back to friendly territory, but could not land the plane safely due to the loss of the aileron, which left ejection as his only option. He planned to eject over water and await rescue by navy helicopters, so he flew to an airfield near Pohang. Instead of a water rescue, winds forced his ejection seat back over land. Armstrong was picked up by a jeep driven by a roommate from flight school. It is unknown what happened to the wreckage of No. 125122 F9F-2.[6]
Over Korea, Armstrong flew 78 missions for a total of 121 hours in the air, most of which was in January 1952. He received the Air Medal for 20 combat missions, a Gold Star for the next 20, and the Korean Service Medal and Engagement Star.[7] Armstrong left the navy on August 23, 1952, and became a Lieutenant, Junior Grade in the United States Naval Reserve. He resigned his commission in the Naval Reserve on October 20, 1960.[8]
Armstrong returned to Purdue after he separated from the Navy, and his best grades at the university came in the four semesters following his return from Korea. He pledged the Phi Delta Theta fraternity after his return, where he wrote and co-directed their musical as part of the all-student revue. His final GPA was 4.8 out of 6.0.[9] He was also a member of Kappa Kappa Psi National Honorary Band Fraternity. Armstrong graduated with a bachelor's degree in aeronautical engineering in 1955.
While at Purdue, he met Janet Elizabeth Shearon, who was majoring in home economics. According to the two there was no real courtship and neither can remember the exact circumstances of their engagement, except that it occurred while Armstrong was working at the NACA's Glenn Research Center. They were married on January 28, 1956 at the Congregational Church in Wilmette, Illinois. When he moved to Edwards Air Force Base, he lived in the bachelor quarters of the base, while Janet lived in the Westwood district of Los Angeles. After one semester, they moved into a house in Antelope Valley. Janet never finished her degree, a fact she regretted later in life.[10]
The couple had three children together – Eric, Karen, and Mark.[11] In June 1961, Karen was diagnosed with a malignant tumor of the middle part of her brain stem. X-ray treatment slowed its growth but her health deteriorated to the point where she could no longer walk or talk. Karen died of pneumonia, related to her weakened health, on January 28, 1962[12]
Test pilot
After he graduated from Purdue, Armstrong decided to try to become an experimental, research test pilot. He applied at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics High-Speed Flight Station at Edwards Air Force Base, which had no open positions and forwarded the application to the Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory in Cleveland, Ohio. Armstrong began working at Lewis Field in February 1955.[13]
On his first day at Edwards, Armstrong flew his first assignments, piloting chase planes on drops of experimental aircraft from converted bombers. He also flew the converted bombers, and on one of these missions had his first flight incident at Edwards. Armstrong was in the right-hand seat of a B-29 Superfortress on March 22, 1956, which was to air-drop a Douglas Skyrocket D-558-2. As the right-hand seat pilot, Armstrong was in charge of the payload release, while the left-hand seat commander, Stan Butchart, flew the B-29.
As they ascended to 30,000 ft (9 km), the number four engine stopped and the propeller began windmilling in the airstream. Hitting the switch that would stop the propeller spinning, Butchart found the propeller slowed but then started spinning again, this time even faster than the other engines; if it spun too fast, it would fly apart. Their aircraft needed to hold an airspeed of 210 mph (338 km/h) to launch its Skyrocket payload, and the B-29 could not land with the Skyrocket still attached to its belly. Armstrong and Butchart nosed the aircraft down to pick up speed, then launched the Skyrocket. At the very instant of launch, the number four engine propeller disintegrated. Pieces of it careened through part of the number three engine and hit the number two engine. Butchart and Armstrong were forced to shut down the number three engine, due to damage, and the number one engine, due to the torque it created. They made a slow, circling descent from 30000 ft using only the number two engine, and landed safely.
Armstrong's first flight in a rocket plane was on August 15, 1957, in the Bell X-1B, to an altitude of 11.4 miles (18.3 km). He broke the nose landing gear when he landed, which had happened on about a dozen previous flights of the aircraft due to the aircraft's design.[14] He first flew the North American X-15 on November 30, 1960, to a top altitude of 48,840 ft (14.9 km) and a top speed of Mach 1.75 (1,150 mph or 1,810 km/h).
In November 1960 Armstrong was chosen as part of the pilot consultant group for the X-20 Dyna-Soar, a military space plane. On March 15, 1962 he was named as one of six pilot-engineers who would fly the space plane when it got off the design board.[15]
Armstrong was involved in several incidents that went down in Edwards folklore and/or were chronicled in the memoirs of colleagues. The first was an X-15 flight on April 20, 1962, when Armstrong was testing a self-adjusting control system. He flew to a height of 207,000 ft (63 km), (the highest he flew before Gemini 8), but he held the aircraft nose up too long during descent, and the X-15 literally bounced off the atmosphere back up to 140,000 ft (43 km). At that altitude, the atmosphere is so thin that aerodynamic surfaces have no effect. He flew past the landing field at Mach 3 (2,000 mph, or 3,200 km/h) and over 100,000 ft (30.5 km) altitude. He ended up 45 miles (72 km) south of Edwards (legend has that he flew as far as the Rose Bowl). After sufficient descent, he turned back toward the landing area, and barely managed to land without striking Joshua trees at the south end. It was the longest X-15 flight in both time and distance of the ground track.[16]
A second incident happened when Armstrong flew for the first and only time with Chuck Yeager, four days after his X-15 adventure. Flying a T-33 Shooting Star, their job was to test out Smith Ranch Dry Lake for use as an emergency landing site for the X-15. In his autobiography, Yeager wrote that he knew the lake bed was unsuitable for landings after recent rains, but Armstrong insisted on flying out anyway. As they made a Touch-and-Go, the wheels became stuck and they had to wait for rescue. Armstrong tells a different version of events, where Yeager never tried to talk him out of it and they made a first successful landing on the east side of the lake. Then Yeager told him to try again, this time a bit slower. On the second landing they became stuck and according to Armstrong, Yeager was in fits of laughter.[17]
Many of the test pilots at Edwards highly rated Armstrong's engineering ability. Milt Thompson said he was "the most technically capable of the early X-15 pilots." Bruce Peterson said Armstrong "had a mind that absorbed things like a sponge." Those who flew for the Air Force tended to have a different opinion, especially people like Chuck Yeager and Pete Knight who did not have engineering degrees. Knight said that pilot-engineers flew in a way that was "more mechanical than it is flying", and gave this as the reason why some pilot-engineers got into trouble; their flying skills didn't come naturally.[18]
On May 21, 1962, Armstrong was involved in what Edwards' folklore called the "Nellis Affair." He was sent in a F-104 to inspect Delamar Lake, again for emergency landings. He misjudged his altitude, and also did not realize that the landing gear hadn't fully extended. As he touched down, the landing gear began to retract. Armstrong applied full power to abort the landing, but the ventral fin and landing gear door struck the ground, which damaged the radio and released hydraulic fluid. Without radio communication, Armstrong flew to Nellis Air Force Base, past the control tower, and waggled his tail, the signal for a no-radio approach. The loss of hydraulic fluid caused the tail-hook to release, and upon landing he caught the arresting wire attached to an anchor chain, and careened along the runway dragging chain. Thirty minutes were needed to clear the runway and rig an arresting cable. Meanwhile, Armstrong telephoned Edwards and asked for someone to pick him up. Milt Thompson was sent in a F-104B, the only two-seater available, but a plane Thompson had never flown. With great difficulty, Thompson made it to Nellis, but a strong crosswind caused a hard landing and the left main tire suffered a blowout. The runway was again closed to clear it. Bill Dana was sent to Nellis in a T-33 Shooting Star, but he almost landed long. The Nellis base operations office decided that it would be best to find the three NASA pilots some transport back to Edwards, to avoid any further problems.[19]
Armstrong made seven flights in the X-15. He reached a top altitude of 207,500 ft (63.2 km) in the X-15-3, and a top speed of Mach 5.74 (4,000 mph or 6,615 km/h) in the X-15-1, and he left the Dryden Flight Research Center with a total of 2,450 flying hours in more than 50 types of aircraft.
Astronaut selection and early training
There was no defining moment in Armstrong's decision to become an astronaut. In the months after the announcement that applications were being sought for the second group of astronauts, he became more and more excited about the prospect of the Apollo program and the prospect of investigating a new aeronautical environment. Many years later, it was disclosed that Armstrong's astronaut application had arrived about a week past the June 1, 1962 deadline. Dick Day, with whom Armstrong had worked closely at Edwards, worked at the Manned Spacecraft Center, saw the late arrival of the application, and slipped it into the pile before anyone noticed.[20] At Brooks City-Base at the end of June he underwent a medical exam that many of the applicants described as painful and at times seemingly pointless.[21]
Deke Slayton called Armstrong on September 13, 1962 and asked if he was interested in joining the astronaut corps as part of what the press dubbed "the New Nine". Without hesitation, Armstrong said yes. The selections were kept secret until three days later, although newspaper reports had been circulating since the middle of summer that year that he would be selected as the "first civilian astronaut".[22]
Gemini program
Gemini 5
The first Gemini crew assignment for Armstrong was as backup Command Pilot for Gemini 5, with Elliott See as the backup Pilot. This was an eight-day mission, longer than any spaceflight up until that time, with a prime crew of Gordon Cooper and Pete Conrad. The assignments were announced on February 8, 1965, and from then until the launch on August 21, 1965, Armstrong and See trained to fly the mission in case the prime crew could not. After watching the launch from Cape Canaveral, Armstrong and See flew in T-38s to Houston, and were even able to talk to Cooper and Conrad via VHF as they orbited above.[23]
Gemini 8
The crew assignments for Gemini 8 were announced on September 20, 1965, with Armstrong as Command Pilot with Pilot David Scott. Scott was the first member of the third group of astronauts to receive a prime crew assignment. The mission launched March 16, 1966. It was to be the most complex yet, with a rendezvous and docking with the unmanned Agena target vehicle, the second American (and third ever) extra-vehicular activity (EVA) (Armstrong himself dislikes the term "spacewalk") by Scott. In total the mission was planned to last 75 hours and 55 orbits. After the Agena lifted off at 10 a.m. EST, the Titan II carrying Armstrong and Scott ignited at 11:41:02 a.m. EST, putting them into an orbit from where they would chase the Agena.[24]
The rendezvous and first ever docking between two spacecraft was successfully completed after 6.5 hours in orbit. Contact with the crew was intermittent due to the lack of tracking stations covering their entire orbits. Out of contact with the ground, the docked spacecraft began to roll, which Armstrong attempted to correct with the Orbital Attitude and Maneuvering System (OAMS) of the Gemini spacecraft. Following the earlier advice of Mission Control, they undocked, but found that the roll increased dramatically to the point where they were turning about once per second, which meant the problem was in their Gemini's attitude control. Armstrong decided the only course of action was to engage the Reentry Control System (RCS) and turn off the OAMS. Mission rules dictated that once this system was turned on, the spacecraft would have to reenter at the next possible opportunity. It was later thought that damaged wiring made one of the thrusters become stuck on.
Throughout the astronaut office, there were a few people, most notably Walter Cunningham, who publicly stated that Armstrong and Scott had ignored the malfunction procedures for such an incident, and that Armstrong could have salvaged the mission if he had turned on only one of the two RCS rings and saved the other for mission objectives. These criticisms were unfounded – no malfunction procedures were written and it was only possible to turn on both RCS rings, not one or the other. Gene Kranz wrote, "the crew reacted as they were trained, and they reacted wrong because we trained them wrong." The mission planners and controllers had failed to realize that when two spacecraft are docked together they must be considered to be one spacecraft.[25]
Armstrong himself was depressed and annoyed that the mission had been cut short, which cancelled most mission objectives and robbed Scott of his EVA. Armstrong did not hear the criticism of other astronauts, but he did speculate after the flight that RCS activation might not have been necessary had the Gemini capsule stayed docked to the Agena – the Agena's attitude control system possibly could have been used to regain control.
Gemini 11
The last crew assignment for Armstrong during the Gemini program was as backup Command Pilot for Gemini 11, announced two days after the landing of Gemini 8. Having already trained for two flights, Armstrong was quite knowledgeable about the systems and was more in a teaching role for the rookie backup Pilot, William Anders. The launch was on September 12, 1966 with Pete Conrad and Dick Gordon on board. The pair successfully completed the mission objectives, while Armstrong served as CAPCOM.
Following the flight, President Lyndon B. Johnson asked Armstrong and his wife to take part in a 24-day goodwill tour of South America. Also on the tour were Dick Gordon, George Low, their wives, and other government officials. They traveled to 11 countries and 14 major cities. Armstrong impressed everyone involved when he greeted dignitaries in their local language. In Brazil he talked about the exploits of the Brazilian-born Alberto Santos-Dumont, regarded in the country as having beaten the Wright brothers with the first flying machine.
Apollo program
On January 27, 1967, Armstrong was in Washington, D.C. with Gordon Cooper, Dick Gordon, Jim Lovell and Scott Carpenter for the signing of the United Nations Outer Space Treaty. The astronauts chatted with the assembled dignitaries until 6:45 p.m. Carpenter went to the airport, and the others returned to the Georgetown Inn, where they each found messages to phone the Manned Spacecraft Center. They learned of the deaths of Gus Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee in the Apollo 1 fire during these telephone calls. Armstrong and the group spent the rest of the night drinking scotch and discussing what had happened. [26]
On April 5, 1967, the same day the Apollo 1 investigation released its report on the fire, Armstrong assembled with 17 other astronauts for a meeting with Deke Slayton. The first thing Slayton said was, "The guys who are going to fly the first lunar missions are the guys in this room." According to Eugene Cernan, Armstrong showed no reaction to the statement. To Armstrong it came as no surprise — the room was full of veterans of Project Gemini, the only people who could fly the lunar missions. Slayton talked about the planned missions and named Armstrong to the backup crew for Apollo 9, which at that stage was planned to be a high-Earth orbit test of the Lunar Module-Command/Service Module combination. After design and manufacturing delays in the Lunar Module (LM), Apollo 9 and Apollo 8 swapped crews. Based on the normal crew rotation scheme, Armstrong would command Apollo 11.
To give the astronauts experience with the way the LM flew, Bell Aircraft built two Lunar Landing Research Vehicles, which were later converted to Lunar Landing Training Vehicles (LLTV). Nicknamed the 'Flying Bedsteads', they simulated the one-sixth g of the Moon by using a turbofan engine to cancel out most of the craft's weight. On May 6, 1968, about 100 feet (30 m) above the ground, Armstrong's controls started to degrade and the LLTV began banking. He ejected safely (later analysis would suggest if he had ejected 0.5 seconds later, his parachute would not have opened in time). His only injury was from biting his tongue. Even though he was nearly killed on one, Armstrong maintains that without the LLRV and LLTV, the lunar landings would not have been successful as they gave commanders valuable experience in the behavior of lunar landing craft.
Apollo 11
After Armstrong served as backup commander for Apollo 8, Slayton offered him the post of commander of Apollo 11 on December 23, 1968, as 8 orbited the Moon. In a meeting that was not made public until the publication of Armstrong's biography in 2005, Slayton told him that although the planned crew was Armstrong as commander, lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin and command module pilot Michael Collins, he was offering the chance to replace Aldrin with Jim Lovell. After thinking it over for a day, Armstrong told Slayton he would stick with Aldrin, as he had no difficulty working with him and thought Lovell deserved his own command. Replacing Aldrin with Lovell would have made Lovell the Lunar Module Pilot, unofficially ranked as number three on the crew. Armstrong could not justify placing Lovell, the commander of Gemini 12, in the number 3 position of the crew.
Initially, Aldrin thought that he would be first to walk on the Moon, based on the experience of Gemini; during that program, the pilot conducted the EVAs while the command pilot, who had greater responsibilities and less time to train for an EVA, stayed on board. However, when that actual procedure was tried with suited-up astronauts in an Apollo LM mockup, the LM was damaged – in order for Aldrin (LM Pilot) to get out first, he had to climb over Armstrong (commander) to get to the door.
A March 1969 meeting between Slayton, George Low, Bob Gilruth, and Chris Kraft determined that Armstrong would be the first person on the Moon, in some part because NASA management saw Armstrong as a person who did not have a large ego.reference required A press conference held on April 14, 1969 gave the design of the LM cabin as the reason for Armstrong being first; the hatch opened inwards and to the right, making it difficult for the lunar module pilot, on the right-hand side, to egress first. Slayton added, "Secondly, just on a pure protocol basis, I figured the commander ought to be the first guy out. . . . I changed it as soon as I found they had the time line that showed that. Bob Gilruth approved my decision."[27] At the time of their meeting, the four men did not know about the hatch issue. The first knowledge of the meeting outside the small group came when Kraft wrote his 2001 autobiography.[28]
On July 16, 1969, Armstrong received a crescent moon carved out of Styrofoam from the pad leader, Guenter Wendt, who described it as a key to the Moon. In return, Armstrong gave Wendt a ticket for a "space taxi" "good between two planets".
Voyage to the Moon
During the Apollo 11 launch, Armstrong's heart reached a top rate of 109 beats per minute. He found the first stage to be the loudest — much noisier than the Gemini 8 Titan II launch – and the Apollo CSM was relatively roomy compared to the confinement of the Gemini capsule. This ability to move around was suspected to be the cause of space sickness that had hit members of previous crews, but none of the Apollo 11 crew suffered from it. Armstrong was especially happy, as he had been prone to motion sickness as a child and could experience nausea after doing long periods of aerobatics.
The objective of Apollo 11 was to land safely rather than touch down with precision on a particular spot. Three minutes into the lunar descent burn he noted that craters were passing about two seconds too early, which meant the Eagle would likely land beyond the planned landing zone by several miles. As the Eagle's landing radar acquired the surface, several computer error alarms appeared. The first was a code 1202 alarm and even with their extensive training Armstrong or Aldrin weren't aware of what this code meant. However, they promptly received word from CAPCOM in Houston that the alarms were not a concern. The 1202 and 1201 alarms were caused by a processing overflow in the lunar module computer. As described by Buzz Aldrin in the documentary In the Shadow of the Moon, the overflow condition was caused by his own counter-checklist choice of leaving the docking radar on during the landing process. Aldrin stated that he did so with the objective of facilitating re-docking with the CM should an abort become necessary, not realizing that it would cause the overflow condition.
Armstrong took over manual control of the LM, found an area which to him seemed safe for a landing and touched down on the moon at 20:17:39 UTC on July 20, 1969.[29] Some accounts of the Apollo 11 landing describe the LM's fuel situation as having been dire, with only a few seconds remaining when they touched down. Armstrong had landed the LLTV with less than 15 seconds left on several occasions and he was also confident the LM could survive a straight-down fall from 50 feet (15 m) if needed. Analysis after the mission showed that because of the moon's lower gravity, fuel had sloshed about in the tank more than anticipated, which led to a misleadingly low indication of the remaining propellant; at touchdown there were about 50 seconds of propellant burn time left.
The first words Armstrong intentionally spoke to Mission Control and the world from the lunar surface were, "Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed", which briefly confused the flight controllers in Houston because he had changed the call-sign from Eagle to Tranquility Base, a name he had chosen himself. (The actual first words spoken on the moon were by the crew, either Aldrin's "Okay. Engine Stop" or Armstrong's "Shutdown.")[30][31][32] Aldrin and Armstrong celebrated with only a handshake and pat on the back before quickly returning to the checklist of tasks which were needed in order to ready the lunar module for liftoff from the Moon should an emergency unfold during the first moments on the lunar surface.
First Moon walk
Although the official NASA flight plan called for a crew rest period before extra-vehicular activity, Armstrong requested that the EVA be moved earlier in the evening, Houston time. Once Armstrong and Aldrin were ready to go outside, Eagle was depressurized, the hatch was opened and Armstrong made his way down the ladder first. He placed his left foot on the surface at 2:56 UTC July 21, 1969, then spoke the following words: "That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind."
It has long been assumed that Armstrong had mistakenly omitted the word "a" from his famous remark ("one small step for a man"), rendering the phrase a tautology, as man in such use is synonymous with mankind. Armstrong is quoted as saying that he "would hope that history would grant me leeway for dropping the syllable and understand that it was certainly intended, even if it wasn't said – although it might actually have been."
It has since been claimed that acoustic analysis of the recording reveals the presence of the missing "a".[33] A digital audio analysis conducted by Peter Shann Ford, an Australia-based computer programmer, claims that Armstrong did, in fact, say "a man", but the "a" was inaudible due to the limitations of communications technology of the time.[34][35][36] Ford and James R. Hansen, Armstrong's authorized biographer, presented these findings to Armstrong and NASA representatives, who conducted their own analysis.[37] The article by Ford, however, is published on Ford's own web site rather than in a peer-reviewed scientific journal, and linguists David Beaver and Mark Liberman at Language Log were skeptical of Ford's claims.[38][39][40][41][42][43] Armstrong has expressed his preference that written quotations include the "a" in parentheses.[44]
Armstrong's first words were declared after he said "I'm going to step off the LM now." He then turned and set his boot on the surface.[45] When Armstrong made his proclamation, Voice of America was rebroadcast live via the BBC and many other stations the world over. The global audience at that moment was estimated at 450 million listeners,[46] out of a then estimated world population of 3.631 billion people.[47] The simple "one small step..." statement came from a train of thought that Armstrong had after launch and during the hours after landing.[48]
About 15 minutes after the first step, Aldrin joined Armstrong on the surface and became the second human to set foot on the Moon. The duo began their tasks of investigating how easily a person could operate on the lunar surface. Early on they also unveiled a plaque commemorating their flight, and also planted the flag of the United States. The flag used on this mission had a metal rod to hold it horizontal from its pole. Since the rod did not fully extend, and the flag was tightly folded and packed during the journey, the flag ended up with a slightly wavy appearance, as if there were a breeze.[49] On Earth there had been some discussion as to whether it was appropriate to plant the flag at all, something about which Armstrong did not care. He did think that any flag should have been left to drape as it would on Earth, but decided it wasn't worth making a big deal about. Slayton had warned Armstrong that they would receive a special communication, but did not tell him that President Richard Nixon would contact them just after the flag planting.
Aldrin later gave the flag planting and subsequent phone call from President Nixon as reasons why there were no intentional photographs of Armstrong. In the entire Apollo 11 photographic record, there are only five images of Armstrong partly shown or reflected. Aldrin said plans were to take a photo of Armstrong after the famous image of Aldrin was taken, but they were interrupted by the Nixon communication. There were just over five minutes between these two events. The mission was timelined to the minute, with the majority of photographic tasks to be performed by Armstrong with their single Hasselblad camera.
After helping to set up the Early Apollo Scientific Experiment Package, Armstrong went for a walk to what is now known as East Crater, 65 yards (60 m) east of the LM, the greatest distance traveled from the LM on the mission. Armstrong's final task was to leave a small package of memorial items to deceased Soviet cosmonauts Yuri Gagarin and Vladimir Komarov, and Apollo 1 astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee. The time spent on EVA during Apollo 11 was about two and a half hours, the shortest of any of the six Apollo lunar landing missions. Each of the subsequent five landings were allotted gradually longer periods for EVA activities; the crew of Apollo 17, by comparison, spent over 21 hours exploring the lunar surface.
Return to Earth
After re-entering the LM, the hatch was closed and sealed. While preparing for the liftoff from the lunar surface, Armstrong and Aldrin discovered that in their bulky spacesuits, they had broken the ignition switch for the ascent engine. The ascent engine had no switch to fire. Using part of a pen, they pushed the circuit breaker in to activate the launch sequence. Aldrin still possesses the pen which they used to do this. The lunar module then continued to its rendezvous and docked with Columbia, the command and service module, and returned to Earth. The command module splashed down in the Pacific ocean and the Apollo 11 crew was picked up by the USS Hornet (CV-12).
After being released from an 18-day quarantine to ensure that they had not picked up any infections or diseases from the Moon, the crew were feted across the United States and around the world as part of a 45-day "Giant Leap" tour. Armstrong then took part in Bob Hope's 1969 USO show, primarily to Vietnam, where some soldiers asked questions about how a man could be sent to the Moon while they were still stuck fighting the war. Tabloid newspapers printed stories that romantically linked Armstrong to Connie Stevens who was also on the tour, but the reports were unsubstantiated.[50]
In May 1970, Armstrong traveled to the Soviet Union to present a talk at the 13th annual conference of the International Committee on Space Research. Arriving in Leningrad from Poland, he traveled to Moscow where he met Premier Alexey Kosygin. He was the first westerner to see the supersonic Tupolev Tu-144 and was given a tour of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonauts Training Center, which Armstrong described as "a bit Victorian in nature." At the end of the day, he was surprised to view delayed video of the launch of Soyuz 9. It had not occurred to Armstrong that the mission was taking place, even though Valentina Tereshkova had been his host and her husband, Andriyan Nikolayev, was on board.[51]
Life after Apollo
Armstrong announced shortly after the Apollo 11 flight that he did not plan to fly in space again. He was appointed Deputy Associate Administrator for aeronautics for the Office of Advanced Research and Technology (DARPA). He served in this position for only 13 months, and resigned from it and NASA as a whole in August 1971. He accepted a teaching position in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Cincinnati.
He decided on Cincinnati over other universities, including his alma mater, Purdue University, because it had a small Aerospace department – he hoped that the faculty members would not be annoyed that he came straight into a professorship without a doctorate. His highest qualification was a Master's in aerospace engineering from the University of Southern California.[52] He began the work while stationed at Edwards years before, and he finally completed it after Apollo 11 by presenting a report on various aspects of Apollo, instead of a thesis on simulation of hypersonic flight. The official job title he received at Cincinnati was University Professor of Aerospace Engineering. After teaching for eight years, he resigned in 1979 due to other commitments and changes in the university structure from independent municipal school to state-school.[53]
NASA accident investigations
Armstrong served on two spaceflight accident investigations. The first was in 1970, after Apollo 13. As part of Edgar Cortwright's panel, he produced a detailed chronology of the flight. Armstrong personally opposed the report's recommendation to completely redesign the service module's oxygen tanks, the source of the explosion.[54] In 1986 President Ronald Reagan appointed him to the Rogers Commission, which investigated the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster of that year. As vice-chairman, Armstrong was in charge of the operational side of the commission.[55]
Business activities
After Armstrong retired from NASA in 1971, he avoided offers from businesses to act as a spokesman. The first company to successfully approach him was Chrysler, for whom he appeared in advertising starting in January 1979. Armstrong thought they had a strong engineering division, plus they were in financial difficulty. He acted as a spokesman for other companies, including General Time Corporation and the Bankers Association of America. He only acts as a spokesman for United States businesses.[56]
Along with spokesman duties, he also served on the board of directors of several companies, including Marathon Oil, Learjet, Cincinnati Gas & Electric Company, Taft Broadcasting, United Airlines, Eaton Corporation, AIL Systems, and Thiokol. He joined Thiokol's board after he served on the Rogers Commission; Challenger was destroyed due to a problem with the Thiokol-manufactured Solid Rocket Boosters. He retired as chairman of the board of EDO Corporation in 2002.[57]
Personal life
The first man to walk on the Moon was also approached by political parties from both ends of the spectrum. Unlike former astronauts and United States Senators John Glenn and Harrison Schmitt, Armstrong turned down all offers. It has been reported Aarmstrong was in favor of states' rights and against the United States acting as the "world's policeman."[58] In 1971, Armstrong was awarded the Sylvanus Thayer Award by the United States Military Academy at West Point for his service to the country.
In 1972, Armstrong was welcomed into the town of Langholm, Scotland, the traditional seat of Clan Armstrong. The astronaut was made the first freeman of the burgh, and happily declared the town his home. The Justice of the Peace read from an unrepealed 400-year-old law that required him to hang any Armstrong found in the town.[59]
In the fall of 1979, Armstrong was working at his farm near Lebanon, Ohio. As he jumped off of the back of his grain truck, his wedding ring caught in the wheel, tearing off his ring finger. However, he calmly collected the severed digit, packed it in ice, and managed to have it reattached by microsurgeons at the Jewish Hospital in Louisville, Kentucky.[60]
While skiing with friends at Aspen, Colorado in February 1991, he suffered a mild heart attack. It came a year after his father had died and nine months after the death of his mother.
He met his second wife, Carol Held Knight, in 1992 at a golf tournament. Seated together at the breakfast, she said little to Armstrong, but a couple of weeks later received a call from him asking what she was doing. She replied she was cutting down a cherry tree, and 35 minutes later Armstrong was at her house to help out. They were married on June 12, 1994 in Ohio, and then had a second ceremony at San Ysidro Ranch in California.
Since 1994, Armstrong has refused all requests for autographs, after he found that his signed items were selling for large amounts of money and that many forgeries are in circulation. Often items reach prices of US$1,000 on auction sites like eBay. Signed photographs of the Apollo 11 crew can sell for $5,000. Any requests sent to him receive a form letter in reply saying that he has stopped signing. Although his no-autograph policy is well-known, author Andrew Smith observed people at the 2002 Reno Air Races still try to get signatures, with one person even claiming, "If you shove something close enough in front of his face, he'll sign."[61] Along with autographs, he has stopped sending out congratulatory letters to new Eagle Scouts. The reason is that he thinks these letters should come from people who know the Scout personally.[62]
Usage of Armstrong's name, image, and famous quote has caused him problems over the years. He sued Hallmark Cards in 1994 after they used his name and a recording of "one small step" quote in a Christmas ornament without permission. The lawsuit was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount of money which Armstrong donated to Purdue. The case caused Armstrong and NASA to be more careful about the usage of astronaut names, photographs and recordings, and to whom he has granted permission. For non-profit and government public-service announcements, he will usually give permission.
In May 2005 Armstrong became involved in an unusual legal battle with his barber of 20 years, Marx Sizemore. After cutting Armstrong's hair, Sizemore sold some of it to a collector for $3,000 without Armstrong's knowledge or permission. Armstrong threatened legal action unless the barber returned the hair or donated the proceeds to a charity of Armstrong's choosing. Sizemore, unable to get the hair back, decided to donate the proceeds to the charity of Armstrong's choice.[63]
Illness and death
Armstrong underwent surgery on August 7, 2012, to relieve blocked coronary arteries.[64] He died on August 25, 2012, at a hospital in Columbus, Ohio, following complications resulting from these cardiovascular procedures.
Armstrong's family released a statement that read "[he was a] reluctant American hero [and had] served his nation proudly, as a navy fighter pilot, test pilot, and astronaut. While we mourn the loss of a very good man, we also celebrate his remarkable life and hope that it serves as an example to young people around the world to work hard to make their dreams come true, to be willing to explore and push the limits, and to selflessly serve a cause greater than themselves."
His colleague on the Apollo 11 mission, Buzz Aldrin, commented that he was "very saddened to learn of the passing. I know I am joined by millions of others in mourning the passing of a true American hero and the best pilot I ever knew." NASA Administrator Charles Bolden said that Armstrong will be "remembered for taking humankind's first small step on a world beyond our own."[65]
Armstrong has received many honors and awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, the Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy, the Sylvanus Thayer Award, and the Collier Trophy from the National Aeronautics Association. The lunar crater Armstrong, 50 km (31 miles) from the Apollo 11 landing site, and asteroid 6469 Armstrong are named in his honor. Armstrong was also inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor and the Astronaut Hall of Fame.
Throughout the United States, there are more than a dozen elementary, middle and high schools named in his honor.[66] Many places around the world have streets, buildings, schools, and other places named for Armstrong and/or Apollo.[67] In 1969, folk songwriter and singer John Stewart recorded "Armstrong", a touching tribute to Armstrong and his first steps on the moon.
Purdue University announced in October 2004 that their new engineering building would be named Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering in his honor.[68] The building cost $53.2 million and was dedicated on October 27, 2007. Armstrong was joined by fourteen other Purdue Astronauts at the ceremony.[69] The Neil Armstrong Air and Space Museum is located in his hometown of Wapakoneta, Ohio, although it has no official ties to Armstrong, and the airport in New Knoxville where he took his first flying lessons is named for him.[70]
Armstrong's authorized biography, First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong, was published in 2005. For many years, Armstrong turned down biography offers from authors such as Stephen Ambrose and James A. Michener. He agreed to work with James R. Hansen after reading one of Hansen's other biographies.[71]
The press often asks Armstrong for his views on the future of spaceflight. In 2005, Armstrong said that a manned mission to Mars will be easier than the lunar challenge of the 1960s: "I suspect that even though the various questions are difficult and many, they are not as difficult and many as those we faced when we started the Apollo (space program) in 1961." Armstrong also recalled his initial concerns about the Apollo 11 mission. He had believed there was only a 50 percent chance of landing on the moon. "I was elated, ecstatic and extremely surprised that we were successful", he said.
See also
- ↑ History of Wapakoneta. Retrieved on 2007-08-28.
- ↑ Hansen, pages 49–50.
- ↑ Hansen, p. 55.
- ↑ Hansen, ch. 7.
- ↑ Hansen ch. 8.
- ↑ Hansen, ch. 9.
- ↑ Hansen, page 112.
- ↑ Hansen, p. 118.
- ↑ Hansen, p. 61.
- ↑ Hansen, pages 124–127.
- ↑ Hansen, p. 128.
- ↑ Hansen ch. 14.
- ↑ Hansen, ch. 11.
- ↑ Hansen, page 145.
- ↑ Hansen, p. 173.
- ↑ Hansen, pages 178–184.
- ↑ Hansen, pages 184–189.
- ↑ Hansen, pages 138–139.
- ↑ Hansen, pages 189–192.
- ↑ Hansen, page 195.
- ↑ Hansen, p. 203.
- ↑ Hansen, p. 201–202.
- ↑ Hansen, pages 234–238.
- ↑ Hansen, ch. 19.
- ↑ Kranz, p. 174.
- ↑ Lovell, Jim; Kluger, Jeffrey (2000). Apollo 13. Houghton Mifflin, pp. 24-25. ISBN 0-618-05665-3.
- ↑ Expeditions to the Moon, chapter 8, p. 7.
- ↑ Hansen, chapter 25.
- ↑ Jones, Eric M.. The First Lunar Landing, time 109:24:48. The accuracy to the second of Apollo 11 events differs in different NASA logs.
- ↑ Jones. The First Lunar Landing, time 1:02:45. Retrieved on 2007-11-30.
- ↑ Mission Transcripts, Apollo 11 AS11 PA0.pdf. Retrieved on 2007-11-30.
- ↑ Apollo 11 Mission Commentary 7-20-69 CDT 15:15 - GET 102:43 - TAPE 307/1.
- ↑ Goddard, Jacqui (2006-10-02). "One small word is one giant sigh of relief for Armstrong". The Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article657515.ece. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
- ↑ Ford, Peter Shann (2006-09-17). Electronic Evidence and Physiological Reasoning Identifying the Elusive Vowel "a" in Neil Armstrong's Statement on First Stepping onto the Lunar Surface (reprint). CollectSpace.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-28.
- ↑ "Software finds missing 'a' in Armstrong's moon quote". CNN.com (Associated Press). 2006-10-01. Archived from the original on 2006-10-04. http://web.archive.org/web/20061004151135/http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/09/30/moon.quote.ap/index.html. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
- ↑ "Software revises Armstrong's moon quote". ABCNews.com (Associated Press). 2006-09-30. http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=2512668. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
- ↑ Smith, Veronica (2006-10-02). Armstrong's Moon landing speech rewritten. Cosmos Magazine. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved on 2007-08-29.
- ↑ Language Log. One small step backwards. (including audio)
- ↑ Language Log. One 75-millisecond step before a "man".
- ↑ Language Log. Armstrong's abbreviated article: the smoking gun?.
- ↑ Language Log. Armstrong's abbreviated article: notes from the expert.
- ↑ Language Log. First Korean on the moon!.
- ↑ Language Log. What Neil Armstrong said.
- ↑ Carreau, Mark (2006-09-29). High-tech analysis may rewrite space history. Houston Chronicle. Retrieved on 2006-09-30.
- ↑ David Harland Exploring the Moon: The Apollo Expeditions. 1999, ISBN 1-85233-099-6
- ↑ Alan L. Heil. Voice of America: A History. 2003, ISBN 0-231-12674-3
- ↑ Information Please world statistics. Retrieved on 2007-10-02.
- ↑ Hansen, James (2006-10-03). Armstrong's Abbreviated Article: Notes from the Expert. Language Log. Retrieved on 2007-08-28.
- ↑ Greene, Nick. A Lunar Odyssey. Apollo 11 Mission. About.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-28.
- ↑ Hansen, pages 566–582.
- ↑ Hansen, pages 582–584.
- ↑ Apollo 11 Crew Information. Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Journal. NASA (2005-11-01). Retrieved on 2007-08-28.
- ↑ Hansen, pages 590–594.
- ↑ Hansen, pages 60–603.
- ↑ Hansen, pages 610–616.
- ↑ Hansen, pages 595–596.
- ↑ EDO Corporation (2000-02-08). "EDO Corporation CEO James M. Smith to become Chairman upon retirement of Neil A. Armstrong". Press release. http://www.edocorp.com/pr2002/02r0208.htm. Retrieved 2006-07-01.
- ↑ Hansen, pages 600–601.
- ↑ Hansen, p. 13.
- ↑ Sawyer, Kathy (1999-07-11). Armstrong's Code. The Washington Post Magazine. Retrieved on 2007-08-29.
- ↑ Smith, p. 134.
- ↑ Hansen, p. 623.
- ↑ Rosenberg, Jennifer (2005-06-05). Barber Sold Neil Armstrong's Hair. About.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-29.
- ↑ Armstrong, first man on the moon, recovering from heart surgery. Reuters. Retrieved on August 8, 2012.
- ↑ http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2012/08/201282519933640323.html
- ↑ Search for Public School (HTML). Retrieved on 2007-07-10.
- ↑ "Ireland: What's in a name? Cold, hard cash". The Times. 2002-12-22. http://property.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/property/article804378.ece. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
- ↑ Holsapple, Matt (2004-10-16). Purdue launching Neil Armstrong Hall for engineering's future. Purdue University News. Purdue University. Retrieved on 2007-08-28.
- ↑ Venere, Emil (2007-10-27). Neil Armstrong Hall is new home to Purdue engineering. Purdue University News. Purdue University. Retrieved on 2008-01-05.
- ↑ Knight, Andy (Winter 2000). To the moon: Armstrong space museum offers history lessons on space travel. Cincinnati.Com. Retrieved on 2007-08-28.
- ↑ John McGauley (14 October 2005). "Discovering the Man Behind 'First Man'". collectSPACE.com. http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-013003b.html#100305.


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Needs list!
Hello friends!
We again want to praise God for providing funding for our house….. Now we are needing to furnish it.
For the past year and nine months we haven't had a fridge or freezer of our own- instead, we have been using a Coleman cooler and freezing ice blocks in the neighbors freezer! With moving into our own house we will now have our own solar system and appliances. With the only power being solar, the fridge and freezer need to be specifically made for solar power. They are very energy efficient but more costly up front. The fridge will be $1300 and the freezer is $1700. For the solar system itself, the batteries will cost $2000 (4 batteries), the panels will be $1800 (6 panels). We already purchased most of the solar components and brought them from the states- like inverters, charge controller, charger, etc. Those items totaled about $2000 as well. We would like to also purchase a different gas cooker/oven. That will be about $1000.
If you or anyone you know would be interested in assisting us to purchase these items, we would be extremely grateful! Please contact us on email (firstname.lastname@example.com) or message us on Facebook and we will give you details about where to send your donation. Thank you so much! We really appreciate your support!!


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Welcome to Share the Love Wednesday, a link party where you can share your ideas with other creative bloggers from all over the world. Link up room and furniture makeovers, crafts, recipes, gardens and more. I love to discover new blogs and great ideas from those who link up every week. It's like getting a brand new issue of your favorite magazine with one click! Here are some of my favorites from last week...
Do you have old knick knacks sitting around your house that don't match your decor any more? Check out this tutorial from to give them a gorgeous zinc-like finish! You have to click over and see the before picture of this bird.
Sometimes the links shared just crack me up.... like this bunch of vintage babies in a tub from
I love the look of dropcloths in decoraitng. Such affordable and beautiful yardage. I have a whole pinboard dedicated to decorating with dropcloths! Do you believe this umbrella was made from a dropcloth? Check it out at Ellen's Creative Passage.
These little skirts below are so sweet. They're made from tea towels! Find the full tutorial over at
This next link was actually the first one linked up last week and I fell in love with it from the get go. Couldn't resist these succulents planted in pretty tomato cans. Check them out at


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This beautiful showroom is located in the center of Milan on a very popular street. It's finished to an excellent standard and is a great venue for a Fashion Showroom, Product Launch or Private Event.
With classic interiors of high-shine wooden floors, white walls, spotlighting, vintage iron pillars throughout, the space has a welcoming and high-end feel. There are a range of facilities here including sound and video equipment making it great for those looking for an easy operation.
Neighbored by global brands and independent retailers, this space offers the chance to align with big-name brands in a sophisticated setting.


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Should you really go in for a college degree?
Is spending three years in a full-time conventional course really worth your while?education Updated: Jun 15, 2011 09:37 IST
1 What's the objective: First and foremost, what's driving you to join the rush to a conventional college for a full-time programme? Is it because your parents want it? Everybody in your extended clan does it? Your friends are doing it? Is a conventional degree from a regular college an indispensable entry pass to your dream career? Do you naturally feel inclined to go for it after Class 12? Is the 'fun factor' related to joining college a big draw for you?
Now, think about the people who never took a college degree and yet made it big in life: Michael Dell, founder of Dell, and Bill Gates of Microsoft are college drop-outs, as are innumerable leaders from different walks of life closer home. More importantly, think about how they succeeded, in the absence of a college degree. Do you have that in you?
2 Will it kindle your fire? If you wish to attend college for the love of a particular subject/s, will the curriculum, structured the way it is in most institutions, be able to keep your interest aflame or pour cold water over it? Will the focus on straight and standard answers in three-hour exams bypass real learning?
3 Is this the best route? No one can underestimate the value of a good quality bachelor's programme done full-time and, most importantly, seriously. A college education — matching your personality and goals — can enrich you and equip you with some skills. But is that the best route to go where you eventually want to, especially in a field where credentials will barely count for anything? Will you be better off doing a diploma in a polytechnic or a short-term course from a specialised centre or a distance-mode programme that lets you educate yourself at your pace maybe while doing a related job? Will plunging into the work sphere straightaway give you some real-life learning on the job?
4 Think wisely: When it comes to settling the question of joining (or not joining) a college, you also need to factor in your socio-economic background. Dhruv Raina, professor of history and philosophy of science and education, Zakir Husain Centre for Educational Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, says that "today there are far more openings in society for students without a regular college degree but those openings are available to those with a particular kind of social and cultural capital (and networking) and not for everyone." He is also cautious of Bill Gates-type stories ("few and far between"), saying "one cannot plan for a society based on the experiences of a few successful and innovative individuals, though one can create conditions where creative individuals are not deterred from pursuing their dreams". Raina says that liberal arts and science curricula need to be urgently revised "to meet the changing needs of society". Till the time that does not happen, make your decision wisely.
First Published: Jun 14, 2011 11:56 IST


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All right, all right. So it's merely a cardboard box fortress right now.
I've had several PDF tile downloads available on the store for quite some time and I'll still be making things available there. But... I'm thinking that I can take a cut in profits for a much greater distribution base at RPG Now and it's associates.
The first addition is the Derelict Hulk tile sets. It includes all of the currently available tiles for a greatly discounted price of $6.00.
15mm Large Derelict Tiles based on 2-square wide hallways
15mm Small Derelict Tiles based on 1-square wide hallways
Large Doors; 2 squares wide
Small Doors; 1 square wide
Blips and Counter Set
I'm neck deep in sculpting, digital sculpting and painting projects so it may be a while for new printable content to be added. But for now I can play with the settings and promotional stuff and see how it all works before I dump a lot of products on to RPG Now.
It's all one more small step toward total global domination. :)


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Women: INSTANT BOOB JOB! Our Boobie Bags will give you a 4 oz "lift" each side while comfortably hidden in your bra.
Men: NO SOCKS NECESSARY! Hide them in your skivies or wherever you choose to put them.
*Comes in pack of 4 flasks with funnel to fill.
* Durable, reusable, screw top, leak proof 4 oz plastic bags
* Food and beverage safe


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After an astonishing five decades on live television, Regis Philbin is hanging up his hat and saying goodbye to "Live!" But he's not going out without a few last words -- Philbin is taking a long look back at his career in How I Got This Way, a new book filled with affectionate portraits of celebrities like David Letterman, Jack Nicholson and Howard Stern.
So are you going to be crying on Friday?
You want me to cry, Nicki? I'll cry. Everybody's asking me, 'Are you going to cry?' No, I'm not going to cry. I'm going to celebrate 28 and a half wonderful years.
And you're in the Guinness World Records book.
Yes I'm approaching 17,000 hours on TV. I think it's pretty incredible.
You had some tough times. Did you ever contemplate quitting?
I really never did because I didn't know what else I could do. I got so involved in the TV business that I just never considered anything else. I just thought something will come my way and sometimes it took a long time.
Your gift is thinking on your feet and being able to tell a story.
I think that's probably my strong suit. I discovered that 50 years ago on a little show I was doing in San Diego. I would do the news during the week and I would have a talk show on Saturday nights. I'm not a joke teller but I could always tell a story when I was a kid growing up in the Bronx. That's how it started. I would tell stories and try to have a happy ending or a funny ending and that became my strong suit, I think.
Do you really believe you have a black cloud over your head?
Not anymore. I spent 28 years out in Hollywood and now these 28 years here in New York. The first 28 years were up and down. There was a struggle in the beginning here to get the show rolling and then it became a hit. It's been a nice conclusion to a life.
Why do you think Letterman loves you so much?
David Letterman came on the show today [Wednesday]. I showed some clips of us together. At the end he got up out of his chair, said goodbye and reached over and gave me a full, full-lipped kiss.
You know Nicki, did you say tongue?
You set me up!
It's funny you should say that because Kelly said, 'I thought I saw tongue.' There was no tongue! If The Huffington Post cares about the tongue, that's what's going to be talked about all the time. I'm going on his show tomorrow night [Thursday] to explain that The Huffington Post said to me, 'Tongue?'
How much of your success is due to Joy?
Oh a lot. She's very smart and all the major decisions have been made by her. I'd still be out of work in L.A. if it wasn't for her.
Do you really get in a bad mood if Notre Dame loses?
Very bad mood. I'm trying to overcome it. I used to kick buckets and get crazy and complain on the air over the years. I'm getting a little bit better but I can't conquer it altogether.
So what are your plans?
I thought one day it was all going to come to an end and I decided one and a half years ago that this was the end -- it doesn't mean I'm not going to go back to work. I just don't know what I'm going to be doing after I leave here. I think I'll do some more TV down the line. I just haven't heard the right thing yet.
So who do you like working with better, Kathie Lee or Kelly?
I think they're both adorable women, good looking, opinionated, smart. Maybe I trained them to be like that, I don't know. I'm kidding, Nicki, I'm kidding!


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Thanks for your nice comment on my work. Much appreciated!
Thank you so much Lamoine. I wonder whether many of us actually achieve outside what this painter seems to have here. But we can try!
That's such a lovely thing to say! Thank you my dear friend! Well you know, I'm always going at it so I really should be getting better! haha. Thanks again!
Thank you my friend for your kind comment on Bella. I appreciate it so much!
Thank's S.C. for your great comment on my painting. Much appreciated xxx
Cheers S.C. Glad you liked them. Take care. Love from the 3 of us. xxx
You''re more than welcome S.C. Glad you are getting them and thank you for your lovely comments on my Pansies. Love from the 3 of us. xxx
Hello my friend, thank you for your kind comments on my artwork. I really appreciate it!
Hi Lamoine....got a FB friend request from you....i thought we were already friends?....didnt confirm until I heard fro you....
Hi Lamoine, thank you for your lovely comment on my tiger drawing. I appreciate it!
© 2019 Created by Jane Miles. All Rights Reserved. Powered by
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I have made a "miss you" card for CAS(E) this Sketch challenge #132 .
I designed an oval frame with a tree as a svg-cut file and cut it with my Cricut cutting machine. I used ranger watercolor paper as background panel, which I colored with distress ink in various green, blue and yellow color range.
I colored the bottom area of the frame with gathered twigs distress ink, gave some glittery touch with the wink of stella brush marker. After I heat embossed the frame twice with clear embossing powder, I adhered it on the backgound panel.
The sentiment from paper smooches is stamped with gathered twigs.
I added a mini heart epoxy sticker in the sentiment for an accent.
I chose blue card base for this card.
And here is a close-up.
I am very happy and excited, because it's my first challenge as a beginner in crafting world !
Thank you for stopping by !
Have a nice day,


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Fat free pancakes.
It sounds like a sin, right?
Well let's be honest…It is.
Pancakes, by rule, need to be: buttery, soft, fluffy and stacked high in pools of drippy and sweet maple syrup…
So, if you have oodles of time in the morning and an incentive to fry…then by all means skillet 'em up fresh and fatty.
However, if you are pressed for time but need to satisfy the craving for stacked sweetness, and you happen to have crumpets on hand, then…ta-da!!:
|Peanut butter-banana and maple syrup crumpets.
Welcome to the world of substitution.
Now, these Crump cakes/Panpets (Pancakes – Crumpets ehehe - we need to vote on a name!) aren't pancakes. I never said they were. I just really wanted pancakes and they were the same shape so….what could actually go wrong with pretending that a crumpet is a pancake?
When I refined the source of my craving…I realized that what I really wanted was something wheaty, starchy, creamy, buttery and heavy but light all at the same time which I could top with whatever I wanted...such as peanut butter and jelly.
I made do with these and I reckon you could too, just for their own, delicious sake when pancakes feel a bit too naughty for the moment…
Ladies and gentlemen, I present to you my fabulous Crump-cakes:
They are shop bought because they are so good and I have no idea how to make them by hand. We buy them over here like we do bread.
Besides, if I were to cook something then pancakes would have been the first priority anyway…home baking a convenience food is counter-productive.
They are so great because you can just top them with anything you have a taste for. They are substantial and filling and go well with anything. They are low in saturated fat (though I was considering putting some salted butter under the peanut butter layer but opted out this time around…)
Here's a quick cross section of the layers pictured:
· Peanut butter
· Banana
· Creamy Greek yogurt
· Cinnamon
· Maple syrup
· Raspberry jam
· Lotus biscuit spread (amazing though sickly sweet, hence the pea sized scoop)
As I say, they aren't pancakes.
But, if you are craving pancakes – not for the pancakes themselves…but rather just something sweet, drippy, creamy and personalized…then these are a great substitute which can actually turn into a pretty balanced, healthy + protein rich breakfast (or other main meal).
So, the next time you have the urge to whip up some pancakes but don't have quite enough time…narrow down your craving: i.e. is it Maple syrup? Is it for wheat? Is it for bananas? Is it for whipped cream? And just chuck whatever you can onto a crump-cake.
I've also compiled a list of other fantabulous ideas for the crump-cakes:
· Butter, eggs, bacon + maple syrup.
· Butter, maple syrup, banana.
· Butter, maple syrup + berries & cinnamon.
· Peanut butter, banana, maple syrup.
· Nutella, banana + chocolate chip.
· Yogurt raisins, banana, peanut butter + berries.
· Caramel biscuit spread + banana.
· Butter, maple syrup, almonds + granola with a dollop of apple-cinnamon yogurt.
· Granola clusters, banana, caramel spread.
· White chocolate spread + strawberry slices.
· Honey, Greek yogurt, berries + pear & cinnamon.
Go crazy!
Did you know that crumpets and pancakes are made of the same ingredients…only a crumpet is steamed/dry cooked while a pancake is fried - hence the holes and lack of grease? In some places crumpets are known as pikelets.
Even if you don't fancy the stacking idea…hopefully this post can just remind you of the bliss experienced as one devours a crumpet bathed in golden, salted yellow butter and fruit conserve of the season...
So, what do you think of the crump-cakes idea? Am I completely bonkers or do you think that they may just be the best thing since
sliced bre…pancakes?
I just have this gut feeling that maple syrup has a vocation beyond pancakes and porridge, as amazing as they are…
Let me know what you think! I love hearing from you!
xo Tasha.


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I realized I forgot to show you the pictures from Ava's newborn photo shoot.
We had them done when she was a little over two weeks old. We waited a little longer than normal because I was waiting for the jaundice yellowness to subside. By that time, she was a little more alert and a little less of the sleepy-all-the-time newborn. I had visions in my head of one of the photo shoots where you mold a fast asleep baby any way you'd like but yeah, that didn't happen.
We didn't get many great pictures of Ava, but I'm happy with the pictures we got of Lee and I with her. I can take hundreds of pictures of her myself when she's a little more willing to cooperate, but not so much with the family shots, so I'm so happy we have them.
I did a little photo shoot of my own a few days later when she was nice and sleepy, hoping to get a picture to use for her birth announcement, which I did. Here are a few of the ones that didn't make the cut. I'll share her announcement with you a little later.
It's funny (or sad?) to look back at these and see how much she's grown and changed already!
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Our dining table belonged to my grandparents. It's dark cherry wood, a style that was symbolic of the era during which they purchased it for their home from a military source. I repainted the chairs a soft seafoam blue a few years ago, but the table has remained dark and dreary. (Perhaps a paint job is in its future?) To lighten things up for the time being, I whipped up a tablecloth this weekend. The main cloth is an off white kona cotton, and the ruffle is natural color muslin, left raw on the edges to fray over time.
I made a quick burlap table runner to go along with it as well... easy peasy.
I love the burlap, but do tell... how do you get rid of the trademark "wet dog" smell that comes with it?!
I love how much lighter and brighter my dining area is now!
I know the table decor leaves a lot to be desired, but I just grabbed something real quick from the shelf. I'm hoping one day to have a dough bowl like the Nester. Oh, how I'm coveting the dough bowl.
How are you dressing your table today?


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Bob Watterson is the best choice for Yarmouth School Committee. Yes, Bob has been actively engaged in the Yarmouth community for over 10 years. Yes, he has led the football program from a club to a sanctioned state-champion team. Yes, he has volunteered many hours to help students excel in the classroom, and yes, Bob was recently an active member of the Superintendent Search Committee.
All good things and an admirable use of time, but they are not why I am supporting Bob Watterson for School Committee.
Participation is good, but results are what we measure. I am supporting Bob due to the way he manages a process, the way he thinks and works. Fiscally responsible and consensus-building, while having the ability to make tough decisions and drive results: These are the characteristics that we need today in Yarmouth.
Dave Masse


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i am having a somewhat similar problem. from one of my forum sites i discovered that emails are not being sent. well, sent but not reaching to anyone. vbulletin advised me to contact my hosting provider. and hsoting guys said, there are infected files in my hosting account. they said i must clean my entire hosting first and then submit for their review. and then, they advised me to conatct google, yahoo , hotmail etc... to review any blacklisting and remove
so now i am trying to find out how to find and clean my hosting acountl godaddy advised me that they can scan the whole thing, but it will cost me about $80 per site per year. or, i can buy in bundle of 3, and there is a little discount. i am now lookig for ways to see if i can do it for no cost .if not i am thinking getting that service. but my thing may not be your solution. i just write to give you an idea


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Bowsers Gourmet Place Mat, Cosmic Grey
Not yet rated | Create your own review
Easy clean and durable polyester, color safe graphic prints. Repels dirt, spills and mess! Durable, non skid rubber backing is made from recycled rubber tires.
This stylish Use as a dog feeder "Place" mat has many functions! Use this mat as a great way to keep your dog contained in one spot - which is a fantastic space saving option for high traffic areas in close quarters of the home. Also use as a doormat, or area mat to ease stress on feet, back and joints
Color: Dark Grey
S - 10" x 20" x 0.25"
M - 15" x 26" x 0.25"
L - 23" x 36" x 0.25"
Care: Machine washable
Made in Canada
0 stars based on 0 reviews Add your review


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Vision 2009 – An update on "Changing the World..."
How can I thank you enough for your decision to view this website today?
OK, so let's make it worth your time!
The goal is to slash (take a deep breath!) greenhouse gases, petroleum dependency, landfill waste, asthma and allergies, the cancer death-risk rate, indoor air pollution, and phosphates, nonylphenols, and antibacterial hormone disruptors from our waterways and more. To learn more about all these topics you can click on a plethora of archived articles on the right side of this screen!
So, do you want to do all that stuff too? Click here and do the thing today.
Want to know more about the criteria?
Here's a short review - you can always click on "Horton Hear's a Green" from Oct 2008 to dig deeper.
Assuming the cleaner works, is it:
1. Non-toxic?
2. Biodegradable?
3. Multitasking?
4. Concentrated?
If you click on "Horton Hears a Green"and "Making Vulcanos" you can see how easy it is to put a cleaner through the objectives. To make it even easier for you - if you email me, I will send you a sheet that compares several brands.
Want to know why it's hard to find cleaners that meet the criteria?
Just to let you know, few and far between companies are committed enough to the environment to offer a product that fits the criteria. For those few that I've found, not one of the products is as inexpensive or as concentrated as the product line I've chosen for my own home.
You see, from a sales perspective (excuse me for putting it plainly), it's pretty stupid to sell concentrated, totally multitasking products. Selling one bottle of cleaner once every 2 years is just not a big money maker for me or my product partner.
Somehow, though, we both know to trust that it is a blessing to
do well by doing good.
So, are you going to let me make it easy for you to join our movement to change the world?
Hope to hear from you soon! Call or click, I'm right here to help.


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Anchor Brewing Company Porter September 9, 2014Posted by Bacchus in : Beers , Email This Post , trackback
Anchor Brewing Company Porter
Anchor Porter is a unique dark brew, which was introduced by Anchor in the early 1970s. Anchor Porter, like all of Anchor Brewing Company's products, is brewed with only natural ingredients. Specially roasted dark malts are used, Now that's dark beer! along with a top-fermenting yeast.
Buy Anchor Brewing Company Porter
The rich flavor of Anchor Porter has earned this delicious and unique brew a worldwide reputation for outstanding quality. They use specially roasted malts, a top-fermenting Black Malt yeast, and only fresh whole hops, which are added liberally. All this combines to produce a rich and intense flavor with subtle notes of chocolate, toffee, and coffee.
Price: $12.35 Size: 6-pack 12oz. For more information and to buy it, Click Here!
eMail this offer to a friend: eMail It