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|Hinepare of Ngāti Kahungunu, c.1890
|Total population
|approx. 725,000
|Regions with significant populations
|Related ethnic groups
other Polynesian peoples,
The Māori (commonly pronounced /ˈmaʊri/ or /ˈmɑː.ɔri/) are the indigenous Polynesian people of New Zealand (Aotearoa). They probably arrived in southwestern Polynesia in several waves at some time before year 1300,[6] settled and developed a distinct culture.
Māori society was destabilised from the late 18th century by the weapons and diseases introduced by Europeans, and after 1840 they lost an increasing amount of their land, and went into a cultural and numerical decline. However their population began to increase again from the late 19th century, and a marked Māori cultural revival began in the 1960s and continues.
In the Māori language the word māori means "normal", "natural" or "ordinary". In legends and other oral traditions, the word distinguished ordinary mortal human beings from deities and spirits (wairua).[7][8]
Early visitors from Europe to New Zealand generally referred to the inhabitants as "New Zealanders" or as "natives", but Māori became the term used by Māori to describe themselves in a pan-tribal sense.[9]
Māori people often use the term tangata whenua (literally, "people of the land") to describe themselves in a way that emphasises their relationship with a particular area of land — a tribe may be the tangata whenua in one area, but not in another. The term can also refer to Māori as a whole in relation to New Zealand (Aotearoa) as a whole.
The Maori Purposes Act of 1947 required the use of the term 'Maori' rather than 'Native' in official usage, and the Department of Native Affairs became the Department of Māori Affairs. It is now Te Puni Kōkiri, or the Ministry for Māori Development.
Prior to 1974 ancestry determined the legal definition of "a Māori person". For example, bloodlines determined whether a person should enrol on the Māori or general (European) electoral roll; in 1947 the authorities determined that one man, five-eighths Māori, had improperly voted in the general (European) parliamentary electorate of Raglan.[10] The Māori Affairs Amendment Act 1974 changed the definition to one of cultural self-identification. In matters involving money (for example scholarships or Waitangi Tribunal settlements), the authorities generally require some demonstration of ancestry or cultural connection, but no minimum "blood" requirement exists.[11][12]
The most current reliable evidence strongly indicates that initial settlement of New Zealand occurred around 1280 CE. Previous dating of some Kiore (Polynesian rat) bones at 50 - 150 CE has now been shown to have been unreliable; new samples of bone (and now also of unequivocally rat-gnawed woody seed cases) match the 1280 CE date of the earliest archaeological sites and the beginning of sustained, anthropogenic deforestation.[13] Māori oral history describes the arrival of ancestors from Hawaiki (a mythical homeland in tropical Polynesia) in large ocean-going canoes (waka: see Māori migration canoes). Migration accounts vary among tribes (iwi), whose members may identify with several waka in their genealogies or whakapapa.
No credible evidence exists of human settlement in New Zealand prior to the Polynesian voyagers; compelling evidence from archaeology, linguistics, and physical anthropology indicates that the first settlers came from East Polynesia and became the Māori. Language evolution studies at the University of Auckland suggest that most Pacific populations originated in Taiwan around 5,200 years ago,[14] as does mitochondrial DNA evidence.[15]
The Eastern Polynesian ancestors of the Māori arrived in a forested land with abundant birdlife, including several now extinct moa species weighing from 20 to 250 kg. Other species, also now extinct, included a swan, a goose and the giant Haast's Eagle, which preyed upon the moa. Marine mammals, in particular seals, thronged the coasts, with coastal colonies much further north than today.[16] In the mid-19th century, people discovered large numbers of moa-bones alongside human tools, with some of the bones showing evidence of butchery and cooking. Early researchers, such as Julius von Haast, a geologist, incorrectly interpreted these remains as belonging to a prehistoric Paleolithic people; later researchers, notably Percy Smith, magnified such theories into an elaborate scenario with a series of sharply-defined cultural stages which had Māori arriving in a Great Fleet in 1350 AD and replacing the so-called "moa-hunter" culture with a "classical Māori" culture based on horticulture.[17] Current anthropological theories recognise no evidence for a pre-Māori people; the archaeological record indicates a gradual evolution in culture that varied in pace and extent according to local resources and conditions.[18]
In the course of a few centuries, growing population led to competition for resources and an increase in warfare. The archaeological record reveals an increased frequency of fortified pā, although debate continues about the amount of conflict. Various systems arose which aimed to conserve resources; most of these, such as tapu and rāhui, used religious or supernatural threats to discourage people from taking species at particular seasons or from specified areas.
As Māori continued in geographic isolation, performing arts such as the haka developed from their Polynesian roots, as did carving and weaving. Regional dialects arose, with minor differences in vocabulary and in the pronunciation of some words. The language retains close similarities to other Eastern Polynesian tongues, to the point where a Tahitian chief on Cook's first voyage in the region acted as an interpreter between Māori and the crew of the Endeavour.
Around 1500 AD a group of Māori migrated east to Rekohu (the Chatham Islands), where, by adapting to the local climate and the availability of resources, they developed a culture known as Moriori — related to but distinct from Māori culture in mainland Aotearoa. A notable feature of the Moriori culture, an emphasis on pacifism, proved disasterous when a party of invading Taranaki Māori arrived in 1835. Few of the estimated Moriori population of 2000 survived. [19]
European settlement of New Zealand occurred in relatively recent historical times. New Zealand historian Michael King in The Penguin History Of New Zealand describes the Māori as "the last major human community on earth untouched and unaffected by the wider world."
Early European explorers, including Abel Tasman (who arrived in 1642) and Captain James Cook (who first visited in 1769), recorded their impressions of Māori. From the 1780s, Māori encountered European and American sealers and whalers; some Māori crewed on the foreign ships. A trickle of escaped convicts from Australia and deserters from visiting ships, as well as early Christian missionaries, also exposed the indigenous population to outside influences. In the Boyd Massacre in 1809, Māori took hostage and killed 66 members of the crew and passengers in apparent revenge for the whipping of the son of a Māori chief by the captain. Several of the accounts of the survivors recounted the practice of cannibalism. This episode caused shipping companies and missionaries to be wary and significantly reduced contact between Europeans and Māori for several years.
By 1830, estimates placed the number of Europeans living among the Māori as high as 2,000. The newcomers had varying status-levels within Māori society, ranging from slaves to high-ranking advisors. Some remained little more than prisoners, while others abandoned European culture and identified as Māori. These Europeans "gone native" became known as Pākehā Māori. Many Māori valued them as a means to the acquisition of European technology, particularly firearms. When Pomare led a war-party against Titore in 1838, he had 132 Pākehā Māori mercenaries among his warriors. Frederick Edward Maning, an early settler, wrote two lively accounts of life in these times, which have become classics of New Zealand literature: Old New Zealand and History of the War in the North of New Zealand against the Chief Heke.
During the period from 1805 to 1840 the acquisition of muskets by tribes in close contact with European visitors upset the balance of power among Māori tribes, leading to a period of bloody inter-tribal warfare, known as the Musket Wars, which resulted in the decimation of several tribes and the driving of others from their traditional territory.[20] European diseases such as influenza and measles killed an unknown number of Māori: estimates vary between ten and fifty percent.[21][22] Economic changes also took a toll; migration into unhealthy swamplands to produce and export flax led to further mortality.[23]
With increasing Christian missionary activity, growing European settlement in the 1830s and the perceived lawlessness of Europeans in New Zealand, the British Crown, as a world power, came under pressure[24] to intervene. Ultimately, Whitehall sent William Hobson with instructions to take possession of New Zealand. Before he arrived, Queen Victoria annexed New Zealand by royal proclamation in January 1840. On arrival in February 1840, Hobson negotiated the Treaty of Waitangi with northern chiefs. Other Māori chiefs subsequently signed this treaty. In the end, only 500 chiefs out of the 1500 sub-tribes of New Zealand signed the Treaty, and some influential chiefs — such as Te Wherowhero in Waikato, and Te Kani-a-Takirau from the east coast of the North Island — refused to sign. The Treaty made the Māori British subjects in return for a guarantee of Māori property rights and tribal autonomy.
Dispute continues over whether the Treaty of Waitangi ceded Māori sovereignty. Māori chiefs signed a Māori-language version of the Treaty that did not accurately reflect the English-language version.[25] It appears unlikely that the Māori version of the treaty ceded sovereignty; and the Crown and the missionaries probably did not fully explain the meaning of the English version.[26]
Māori set up substantial businesses, supplying food and other products for domestic and overseas markets.
Among the early European settlers who learnt Māori and recorded Māori mythology, George Grey, Governor of New Zealand 1845-1855 and 1861–1868, stands out.
In the 1860s, disputes over questionable land purchases and the attempts of Māori in the Waikato to establish what some saw as a rival to the British system of royalty led to the New Zealand wars. Although these resulted in relatively few deaths, the colonial government confiscated large tracts of tribal land as punishment for what they called rebellion (although the Crown had initiated the military action against its own citizens), in some cases taking land from tribes that had taken no part in the war. Some tribes fought against the Crown, while others (known as kupapa) fought in support of the Crown. After most of the fighting had ceased, a passive resistance movement developed at the settlement of Parihaka in Taranaki, but Crown troops dispersed its participants in 1881.
The Native Land Acts of 1862 and 1865 set up the Native Land Court, which had the purpose of breaking down communal ownership and facilitating the alienation of land. As a result, between 1840 and 1890 Māori lost 95 percent of their land (63,000,000 of 66,000,000 acres in 1890).
With the loss of much of their land, Māori went into a period of numerical and cultural decline, and by the late 19th century a widespread belief existed amongst both Pakeha and Māori that the Māori population would cease to exist as a separate race or culture and become assimilated into the European population.[27]
In 1840, New Zealand had a Māori population of about 100,000 and only about 2,000 Europeans. The Māori population had declined to 42,113 in the 1896 census and Europeans numbered more than 700,000.[28]
The decline of the Māori population did not continue, and levels recovered. Despite a substantial level of intermarriage between the Māori and European populations, many Māori retained their cultural identity. A number of discourses developed as to the meaning of "Māori" and to who counted as Māori or not. (Māori do not form a monolithic bloc, and no one political or tribal authority can speak on behalf of all Māori.) There is no racial test to determine who is Māori or not, merely an affinity with one's Māori ancestry (regardless of how remote). Thus a significant percentage of those identifying as Māori may well appear to be of European ancestry. The dominant discourse in New Zealand mitigates against concepts of mixed race or multiple heritage being recognised.
From the late 19th century, successful Māori politicians such as James Carroll, Apirana Ngata, Te Rangi Hīroa and Maui Pomare emerged. They showed skill in the arts of Pākehā politics; at one point Carroll became Acting Prime Minister. The group, known as the Young Māori Party, cut across voting-blocs in Parliament and aimed to revitalise the Māori people after the devastation of the previous century. For them this involved assimilation — Māori adopting European ways of life such as Western medicine and education. However Ngata in particular also wished to preserve traditional Māori culture, especially the arts. Ngata acted as a major force behind the revival of arts such as kapa haka and carving. He also enacted a programme of land-development which helped many iwi retain and develop their land.
The government decided to exempt Māori from the conscription that applied to other citizens in World War II, but Māori volunteered in large numbers, forming the 28th or Māori Battalion, which performed creditably, notably in Crete, North Africa and Italy. Altogether 17,000 Māori took part in the war.
Since the 1960s, Māoridom has undergone a cultural revival[29] strongly connected with a protest movement.[30] Government recognition[citation needed] of the growing political power of Māori and political activism have led to limited redress for unjust confiscation of land and for the violation of other property rights. The Crown set up the Waitangi Tribunal, a body with the powers of a Commission of Enquiry, to investigate and make recommendations on such issues, but it cannot make binding rulings. As a result of the redress paid to many iwi (tribes), Māori now have significant interests in the fishing and forestry industries. Tensions remain, with complaints from Māori that the settlements occur at a level of between 1 and 2.5 cents on the dollar of the value of the confiscated lands. The Government need not accept the findings of the Waitangi Tribunal, and has rejected some of them, with a most recent and widely-debated example in the New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy.
The urbanisation of Māori proceeded apace in the second half of the 20th century. A majority of Māori people now live in cities and towns, and many have become estranged from tribal roots and customs.
Once Were Warriors, a 1994 film adapted from a 1990 novel of the same name by Alan Duff, brought the plight of some urban Māori to a wide audience. It was the highest-grossing film in New Zealand until 2006,[31][32] and received international acclaim, winning several international film prizes.[33] While some Māori feared that viewers would consider the violent male characters an accurate portrayal of Māori men, most critics praised it as exposing the raw side of domestic violence[citation needed]. Some Māori opinion, particularly feminist, welcomed the debate on domestic violence that the film enabled[citation needed].
In many areas of New Zealand, Māori lost its role as a living community language used by significant numbers of people in the post-war years. In tandem with calls for sovereignty and for the righting of social injustices from the 1970s onwards, many New Zealand schools now teach Māori culture and language, and pre-school kohanga reo ("language-nests") have started, which teach tamariki (young children) exclusively in Māori. These now extend right through secondary schools (kura tuarua). In 2004 Māori Television, a government-funded channel committed to broadcasting primarily in te reo, began. Māori is an official language de jure, but English is de facto the national language. At the 2006 Census, Māori was the second most widely-spoken language after English, with four percent of New Zealanders able to speak Māori to at least a conversational level. No official data has been gathered on fluency levels.
There are seven designated Māori seats in the Parliament of New Zealand (and Māori can and do stand in and win general roll seats), and consideration of and consultation with Māori have become routine requirements for councils and government organisations. Debate occurs frequently as to the relevance and legitimacy of the Māori electoral roll, and the National Party announced in 2008 it would abolish the seats when all historic Treaty settlements have been resolved, which it aims to complete by 2014.[34]
Despite significant social and economic advances during the 20th century, Māori tend to appear in the lower percentiles in most health and education statistics and in labour-force participation, and feature disproportionately highly in criminal and imprisonment statistics. Like many indigenous cultures, Māori suffer both institutional and direct racism.[citation needed] For example, in December 2006, vandals sprayed racist graffiti on ancient Māori rock-art at the Raincliff Historic Reserve in South Canterbury.[35][36]
During the 1990s and 2000s, the government negotiated with Māori to provide redress for breaches by the Crown of the guarantees set out in the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. By 2006 the government had provided over NZ$900 million in settlements, much of it in the form of land deals. The largest settlement, signed on 25 June 2008 with seven Māori iwi, transferred nine large tracts of forested land to Māori control.[37]
Between 1998 and 2006, the Ngati Toa iwi attempted to trademark the Ka Mate haka and to forbid its use by commercial organisations without their permission.[38][39] The Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand turned their claim down in 2006, since Ka Mate had achieved wide recognition in New Zealand and abroad as representing New Zealand as a whole and not a particular trader.[40] In 2009, as a part of a wider settlement of grievences, the New Zealand government agreed to:
In 2001 a dispute concerning the popular LEGO toy-line "Bionicle" arose between Danish toymaker Lego Group and several Māori tribal groups (fronted by lawyer Maui Solomon) and members of the on-line discussion forum (Aotearoa Cafe). The Bionicle product line allegedly used many words appropriated from Māori language, imagery and folklore. The dispute ended in an amicable settlement. Initially Lego refused to withdraw the product, saying it had drawn the names from many cultures, but later agreed that it had taken the names from Māori and agreed to change certain names or spellings to help set the toy-line apart from the Māori legends. This did not prevent the many Bionicle users from continuing to use the disputed words, resulting in the popular Bionicle website BZPower coming under a denial-of-service attack for four days from an attacker using the name Kotiate.[43]
In 2005 a New Zealander in Jerusalem discovered that the Phillip Morris cigarette company had started producing a brand of cigarette in Israel called the "L & M Maori mix".[44] In 2006, the head of Phillip Morris, Louis Camilleri, issued an apology to Māori: "We sincerely regret any discomfort that was caused to Māori people by our mistake and we won't be repeating it."[45]
In 2007 the French fashion designer Jean-Paul Gaultier used ta moko inspired designs on the faces of models appearing in ads for the European editions of the magazine Vogue.[46][47]
According to Tania Kopytko, Māori youth have always had a difficult time maintaining ties with the traditional Māoritanga culture, especially lacking "the commitment and effort necessary for a knowledge of [it]".[48] For this reason[citation needed], Māori youth import mainstream and popular cultural icons, identities, and lifestyles in considerable quantities. Most typically, these Māori youth will take after the African-American hip hop culture, as its perceived mainstream status makes it readily accessible to them. Kopytko also says that the socio-political position of African Americans resisting a dominant white culture mirrors the situation of Māori, Polynesian, and even poor-white youth resisting the oppressive white forces which occupy the higher economic strata of society in New Zealand. Finally, the mass consumption of British punk in 1982 marked the first real establishment of a youth culture and, more importantly, paved the way for such a warm reception of foreign forms with the influx of what Kopytko calls the "breakdance package".[49] In this way, facilitation by a pre-existing youth culture and identification with the African-American cause have both made importing the associated hip hop culture quite easy. One feature of this youth import culture, breakdancing, arrived in New Zealand in 1983 from Western Samoa, confirms Kopytko.[50] Indeed, "breakdance provided a very strong and positive identity that did much to raise [Māori] self esteem and realize their capabilities."[50] Māori youth utilize the social space that breakdancing provides them in a very dynamic fashion, she says, gaining recognition and notions of increased self-worth in the process. Kopytko suggests that this appropriation of breakdancing allowed the later arrival of rap to become "a vehicle for vernacular expressions of Māori militancy".[50]
In recent years, indigenous peoples have made attempts to reconnect with their youth.[citation needed] A 1992 song by the group Moana and the Moahunters called out to young Māori to learn the language and to accept their heritage.[51] The music video for this song shows images of Maori in traditional dress doing traditional dances to a modern hip-hop beat. The video targets youth through its rhythms while it educates them about their heritage.[citation needed]
The New Zealand Law Commission has started a project to develop a legal framework for Māori who want to manage communal resources and responsibilities. The voluntary system proposes an alternative to existing companies, incorporations, and trusts in which tribes and hapu and other groupings can interact with the legal system. The foreshadowed legislation, under the proposed name of the "Waka Umanga (Māori Corporations) Act", would provide a model adaptable to suit the needs of individual iwi. It seems likely that the current Government coalition will not support the Bill in its un-amended form and if the final Act should pass into law, it will presumably depart significantly less radically from the current legal personalities afforded by New Zealand law.[52][53]
Māori "tend to be followers of Presbyterianism, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), or Maori Christian groups such as Ratana and Ringatu",[54] but with Catholic, Anglican and Methodist groupings also prominent. Islam is the fastest growing religion amongst the Maori community.[55][56]
Māori on average have fewer assets than the rest of the population, and run greater risks of many negative economic and social outcomes. Over 50% of Māori live in areas in the three highest deprivation deciles, compared with 24% of the rest of the population.[57] Although Māori make up only 14% of the population, they make up almost 50% of the prison population.[58] Māori have higher unemployment-rates than other cultures resident in New Zealand [59] Māori have higher numbers of suicides than non-Māori.[60] "Only 47% of Māori school-leavers finish school with qualifications higher than NCEA Level One; compared to a massive 74% European; 87% Asian."[61] Māori suffer more health problems, including higher levels of alcohol and drug abuse, smoking and obesity. Less frequent use of healthcare services mean that late diagnosis and treatment intervention lead to higher levels of morbidity and mortality in many manageable conditions, such as cervical cancer[62], diabetes[63] per head of population than Pakeha (non-Maori).[64] Māori also have considerably lower life-expectancies compared to New Zealanders of European ancestry: Māori males 69.0 years vs. non-Māori males 77.2 years; Māori females 73.2 yrs vs. non-Māori females 81.9 years.[65] Also, a recent study by the New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse showed that Maori women and children are more likely to experience domestic violence than any other ethnic group.[66]
Kapa haka is defined as a cultural performance and is well known as an entertainment or cultural aspect of Maori life. It is very creative and is performed to an audience or just for pure pleasure. People may enjoy the creative and performing arts in a variety of ways, from being an audience member to performing or participating in the art itself.[67]
There are many indigenous dance forms, however kapa haka is unique in its own way as the participators must all sing and dance in synch.
In kapa haka we see different avenues which make up the whole kapa haka concept.
For sports, rugby league has traditionally been viewed as the preferred sport amongst Māori people.[68]
A song usually performed quite often in the structure of kapa haka. Since the 1930s, action songs have been promulgated most of all by clubs for young people which operate all over New Zealand, especially in urban areas.[69]
The importance of the Maori language, of holding on to customs and traditions, were some of the key messages contained in the songs. The traditional Maori society history was passed down orally throughout the generations as Maori did not read or write. Waiata were chant poems that formed the canon of Maori oral literature.[70] Most of the waiata are sung and written by women and include laments, love songs, lullabies, and songs of challenge and contempt.[71]
Poi is a performance art employing a ball suspended from a length of flexible material, usually a plaited cord, held in the hand and swung in circular patterns. This is usually accompanied by the waiata, to add rhythm and a visual accompaniment.[72]
The earliest recorded performances of the Poi dates back to 1905, when it represented the arrival of the canoe to New Zealand. One of the Poi dances represents the arrival of the Arawa tribe in New Zealand about 10 centuries ago, and was called the canoe Poi. The visual scene of this would have seen women rocking to and fro, forwards and backwards, swinging their poi to imitate the paddling of a canoe.
The haka is a dance that is performed with loud and fierce shouts. People sometimes refer to it as a war dance, or as a challenge to whomever the haka is being performed.
It is widely known through pre-match performance by the All Blacks, the New Zealand national rugby union team, and the Kiwis, New Zealand's rugby league team, so has come to be strongly associated with New Zealand.
This form of dance was used on battlefields during wartime, perhaps because of its fierceness.[73]
Ki-o-rahi and tapawai are just two sports of Māori origin. Ki-o-rahi got an unexpected boost when McDonalds chose it to represent New Zealand.[74]
Kapa haka performances and practices take place on the marae. "Marae centred, family oriented events became an important part of urban life, with opportunities for peer groups and multi-recreational interaction while playing and sleeping together" [75] This is important as it allows families to engage in other activities and are able to learn and pick up a lot of things during this time with family members. Because of the growth in kapa haka and its popularity this activity is performed nationwide and internationally.
In New Zealand society there are many kapa haka cultural groups. There are now groups of different age levels and special competitions or festivals are held for them.[76] Teams from around New Zealand gather at these festivals to compete, and show their uniqueness and ability to perform.[77]
This is the first and most important function of the performances: an enrichment of national life in New Zealand, when the dominant group can watch, listen and appreciate Māori art.[78]
Not only is kapa haka performed nationwide but it was also performed in New York for the opening of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.[79]
A recent example of a kapa haka festival was the Te Matatini National Kapa Haka Festival [77], which was held in Tauranga. Many groups performed for the honour of their areas and honour of their iwi (tribe). Many well known groups were present, such as Rangimarie, Te Waka Huia, and Waihirere. These groups are well known from former festivals, and many of these groups have won the competition.
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The Maori language is cherished by the indigenous people of New Zealand, the Maori, as a treasure and many pakeha are now trying to learn it. However, although it is an official language of New Zealand, few New Zealanders (and only a minority of Maori) can conduct a conversation in the Maori language (all indigenous Maori speakers are bilingual and understand English just as well).
Still, a number of Maori words have been adopted into New Zealand English, while many place names are Maori words. Being able to correctly pronounce Maori words is a valued skill since incorrectly pronounced Maori sounds like fingernails scratching on a blackboard and will immediately identify you as a visitor to the country. Even a tolerable and halting attempt at the correct pronunciation is better than a poor guess – your effort to get it right will be appreciated and accepted. (Many New Zealanders have trouble with some Maori place names, so you will blend in with the crowd.)
The New Zealand Maori language (Maori: Te Reo Maori) is relatively simple to pronounce.
Each of the vowels has a long and short form:
In written Māori, the long vowels are often denoted by macrons (bars over the letters) or whatever similar characters were available to the typesetter. Sometimes the vowel letter is repeated for vowels that are long and hard.
Macrons are not normally used when a Maori word has been adopted into English and they do not generally appear on direction signs or maps.
Thus Māori, Maaori and Maori all represent the
Maori words are broken into syllables at each vowel or Consonant-Vowel pair.
For example:
Maori word root combinations tends to have a major root subject followed by qualifier suffixes. This means a literal translation from Maori to English produces a lot of transposed word combinations.
For example:
It is unlikely that an ordinary traveler will need to resort to speaking Maori to make themselves understood. However an understanding of Maori words and their meanings will lead to an appreciation of the culture and enhance the travel experience.
Maori take meetings and greetings seriously. Visitors and honored guests will often be welcomed in a formal ceremony known as a Powhiri. While such ceremonies generally take place on a Marae, it has become accepted practice that such ceremonies may also take place at conferences, important meetings, and similar ceremonial occasions. On such formal occasions, protocol will normally mean that a representative or adviser who can speak Maori will be assigned to the visitors' party to assist and explain what is happening and may formally speak (Whaikoreroe) to introduce the visitors.
hello means kia ora
As there is no word for thank you, kia ora is used No is Kahore for the Northland tribe Nga Puhi
To say numbers higher than then you must say Tekau ma *number*
To say 20,30,40,50 - 90 you must say *number* Tekau E.G. 20 is Rua Tekau and 30 is Toru Tekau
If you want to say any numbers in between you must say *number* Tekau ma *number*
And so on....
Many place names have been made tautological by Europeans adding a word which is already contained in the Māori name, e.g. Mount Maunganui = "Mount big mountain". However, in recent years, there has been a trend for New Zealand English speakers to drop the English geographic qualifier and refer to many geographic features by their Māori names alone. Thus Mount Ruapehu is often referred to simply as Ruapehu. In many respects this is an English contraction rather than a reversion to Māori names, as many of the Māori words are followed by a pluralising s where the omitted English geographic term was plural. So the Rimutakas is used in place of the Rimutaka ranges, while the Waikato will normally refer to the the Waikato river although Waikato (without the) would probably refer to the region, though this may need to be inferred from the context.
Maori is taught in many places around New Zealand, often as a night class. Ask at the local information centre or citizens advice bureau. The Maori Language Commission also has a list of course providers.
Category: Phrasebooks
(There is currently no text in this page)
Maori (countable and uncountable; plural Maori or Maoris)
The plural form "Maoris" is sometimes used for members of the people, but "Maori" is preferred, as the term is invariant in Māori.
Redirecting to Māori


text:
Online MA in TESOL!
Mind trick
Before you start draw out on a piece of paper a square using a green pen. Now using a red pen draw a circle inside the square.
Fold the paper up and leave it in plain view of your group.
Draw everybodys attention to this paper.
Now say the following.
"I am thinking of a shape and I would like you to do the same.
I am thinking of a geometric shape, its a very simple one, nothing as complicated like a dodecahedron. Now draw that shape.
Now draw a new shape so you have this new shape inside the one you have already drawn.
Now make them different colours."
Get every body to show the final image they have created, ask for a volunteer to open the paper you have previously drawn out and show the rest of the group.
80% of the group will have drawn the same image you created and you will have 100% attention.
No magic or mind trick, sorry
Anthony Elgey
United Kingdom
[email protected]
World's Best Jobs!
Dave's ESL Cafe Copyright © 2016 Dave Sperling. All Rights Reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I spoke with Abby's OT today about everything going on with her and the OT has asked us to try the Wilbarger brushing program for 2-3 weeks and see if it has any effect on her. She has always been resistant to brushing and favored joint compressions but at this point I am willing to try anything that might work.
I go in to school on Wednesday morning to have a training session with the OT on the specifics of the program.


text:
Politics of healing
There is much that besets our politicians in these troubled times. But one of the greatest challenges they face is that they are obliged, particularly if they are party leaders, to offer instant expertise on pretty well everything.
Indeed, perhaps the only other trade which is comparably afflicted is.. journalism.
Today our leaders at Holyrood essayed a little amateur medicine. They gazed steadily at each other, took the pulse of the moment - and professed their rival to be suffering from a chronic disease.
Labour's Johann Lamont summed up Alex Salmond's problem in an instant: serially mendacious. Mind you, as the patient pointed out, Ms Lamont has argued previously that Mr Salmond's condition was fatal only for the FM to stage a remarkable recovery.
On this occasion, she was talking about the guarantee that no patient should wait more than 18 weeks from referral to treatment. The lists, she said, had been manipulated in Lothian, there were queries elsewhere and now, as my esteemed colleague Eleanor Bradford disclosed, there had been problems caused by a faulty scanner in NHS Grampian.
Ms Lamont attacked Mr Salmond. But she also had more than a few sharp words for his deputy Nicola Sturgeon who only recently moved from the health remit. This would appear to be part of a sustained strategy of what one might call deputy decapitation.
Unwarranted delays
The FM was unimpressed. Any minor, temporary ailments now were as nothing compared to the acute crisis which had beset Scotland under Labour when, he said, hidden waiting lists to manipulate the system had been "endemic". In support of that assertion, he quoted - at length - from another report by Eleanor in which she had tracked the recent history of such matters.
As Ms Bradford's ears burned faintly pink from all this competing attention, the FM went on to say that the problem in Grampian had been tackled and that, more generally, it was simply wrong to say that the waiting time guarantee was in jeopardy.
For the Tories, Ruth Davidson also questioned the FM's integrity. Scotland, she said, had been promised £500m in big project capital investment through the Non Profit Distributing (NPD) model, a form of private finance.
The actual sum invested so far, she said, had been £20m. And she insisted that the first minister was wrong to assert that the shortfall was owing to unwarranted delays in Aberdeen's western peripheral road. Mr Salmond, she said, had fallen far short in delivery.
But the first minister insisted that the NPD model, delivered through the Scottish Futures Trust, was proving successful. He said that the money had to follow specific projects - such as the Aberdeen bypass - but that it would all be delivered.
Scintilla of stagecraft
A third line of attack came from Willie Rennie of the Liberal Democrats and, on the day, he was gently effective.
Mr Rennie's party has consistently opposed the creation of a single police force and so he feels justified in pouncing upon the dispute between the new chief constable and the incoming chair of the police authority. The argument is over who controls staffing and finance.
In response, Alex Salmond noted that there was a meeting tomorrow - and that Mr Rennie might care to return to the topic next week when the outcome was known.
Rising slowly and speaking deliberately, Mr Rennie said that, if it was OK with the FM, he would pose his questions today when it was still possible to influence that outcome.
It was a touch of theatre, a scintilla of stagecraft. But, again on the day, it worked. Once more, though, Mr Salmond was undeterred. It was not his direct responsibility - but he took the matter seriously and anticipated that the entire premise of Mr Rennie's question would turn out to be wrong.
Move along now. Nothing to see.


text:
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Coarctation of the aorta is a rare hereditary disorder that is one of the most common causes of hypertension in children. This condition is characterized by a narrowing of a segment of the aorta, the main large artery coming from the heart. The aorta delivers blood to the arteries that supply all of the body's organs, including the kidneys.
The narrowed segment (coarctation) of the aorta generally occurs above the renal arteries, which causes a reduced blood flow to the kidneys. This lack of blood to the kidneys prompts the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone hormonal system to elevate the blood pressure. Treatment of the coarctation is usually the surgical correction of the narrowed segment of the aorta. Sometimes, balloon angioplasty (as described above for renal artery stenosis) can be used to widen (dilate) the coarctation of the aorta


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Acupuncture that heals, helps
February 8, 2013
Karena Luttmer knows that life comes with its share of bumps and bruises and a fear of the unknown. But that did not stop the Parkite from dropping a career as a paralegal to start something new, studying eastern medicine practices and opening a new business in Salt Lake City and Park City.
She admits her parents had their doubts; her siblings were skeptics of the whole concept, not just the career switch, but after opening her clinic and working with friends and family she has made a lot of converts of the former opposition.
For years Luttmer saw an acupuncturist before she considered the new career path. It was not until a close friend passed away that she decided to finally make the shift. In less than a year, she was enrolled and studying everything about eastern medicine, from Chinese herbology to shiatsu to cupping, and of course acupuncture.
"I was her caretaker from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m.," Luttmer said. "Spending those mornings with her, I would massage her feet and try to make her feel better, more comfortable. And she was the one who told me I know how to heal, that I could do this. "She made me promise I would not stay where I was because she knew I was not happy."
At that point, Luttmer had been receiving acupuncture treatments for nearly seven years, a habit that began when she decided to quit smoking. When it worked, her faith in the process quickly started to build.
"It was amazing," she said. "I could not believe how well it did work for me."
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When she registered to attend the Southwest Acupuncture College in Colorado, Luttmer saw what eastern medicine was capable of first hand. In one patient suffering from several tumors, one on her liver, she was asked to provide treatment and herbs to help clear out the body before surgery. When doctors went to scan the tumor just before the patient was about to go under the knife, they realized the tumor was completely gone.
"This is not all about energy," Luttmer said. "Studies have been able to show acupuncture physically alters your chemistry. When a needle goes in, it changes your body and the way it reacts. There is something going on."
"I'm not saying herbs took away the tumor," she added, "rather the herbs and the acupuncture cleared a path that allowed her body to heal herself. And that is powerful."
After school, she spent five weeks in China to fully immerse herself in eastern medicine. Under the supervision of a trained doctor in a hospital, Luttmer used acupuncture on an even wider range of patients, including stroke victims, some on the same day of their stroke. It was there she realized how different healthcare could be, how families would change dressings and how patients were constantly if not verging on belligerently pushed to heal, from physical therapy to acupuncture treatments.
"The process is so intense, " she said, "and it is all about getting that patient better, and using a variety of techniques to do that."
The practice works with an assortment of patients, ranging from cancer patients before and after a chemo session, autistic children and lifelong smokers. With children, Luttmer uses a special tapping technique rather than needles, which she reserves for adults and depending on their size teenagers. With experience in both emotional well-being and the physical aches and pains, Luttmer works with patients of all shapes, sizes and conditions.
"Acupuncture works whether you believe in it or not," she said. "I've seen that.
"Ideally, this can treat anything. We help the body heal itself. There are patients with tendonitis, high blood pressure, stress, PTSD. More than anything, I want to help heal people, and that's what I hope to do."
Thrive Acupuncture of Utah
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- Park City's Grace Donahue and twins Livi and Gabby Rockwood sign letters of intent


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Mine was lovely and slow paced, I only wish the weather was more friendly... I was hoping for a long family walk but it rained almost constantly :/
I did some baking over the weekend; got an extra batch of the ultra-yummy choc chip muffins, with Chuplet's family day carer in mind.
We're blessed with the best carer Zuzia could possibly have, and I'm constantly astounded with the amount of work and love that she puts into her work.
I put some in a paper bag for her, that I decorated with lots of Glitz Design goodies... have a look!
I ended up with four trays of these pretties, so if anyone's up for an afternoon tea, feel free to pop in! lol
So what's on the bag? Firstly, some polka dot rub-ons that I applied in two corners of the bag, then a Whatnot layered with a Paper Layer in the center, and some burlap topped with a gorgeous Peek-A-Boo rose bouquet. The tag from PTI was also layered with a Cardstock Sticker that happened to fit perfectly. I used a SRM Stickers sentiment on it. The baker's twine is from My Mind's Eye.
Now I think I need a cuppa! (and a little sumthin' with it too...)
Stay sweet,


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Tuesday, February 2, 2010
I love glitter
Found this very well spoken quote and wanted to share it with you all.
7 comments:
- dale said...
How precious!
I love glitter, too. Any thing shiny! :)
I'm with Peter Pan on this one, I definitely won't grow up. :)
- February 3, 2010 at 12:44 AM
- Sans said...
I have juts begun to love glitter ..LOL! Not on clothes though just ornaments :). My phone is encased in full glitter :)
- February 3, 2010 at 1:03 AM
- kimsminiatures said...
Lovely Christel. I will never stop playing either! Hugs~ Kim
- February 3, 2010 at 1:38 AM
- synnøve said...
Så nydelig de er Christel!!! IGMA?
- February 3, 2010 at 2:12 AM
- Whittaker's Miniatures said...
What a wonderful saying Christel! Beautiful cupcakes too. I love bling, and love the fact you can buy edible glitter, I put it on my mince pies this Chirstmas!! Kate xx
- February 3, 2010 at 9:40 AM
- Mimmi said...
Ja, hvem liker ikke ting som glitrer? ;-D Kjøpte meg faktisk litt "bling" idag, noen glitrende Cecilie Melli øredobber. Kanskje du har sett dem, med en stor "diamant" i midten og mange små rundt?
- February 3, 2010 at 7:21 PM
- Kathi said...
I guess I'll never grow old! I like to play too much!
I love glitter!
I like to see the sunlight sparkling on the ocean like glitter!
Your roses are wonderful!
- February 4, 2010 at 3:07 AM


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One-Room Schoolhouse Concept Alive and Well in
North Dakota
Hoffner, Josh. "One-Room Schoolhouse Concept Alive and Well in North Dakota." Forum, 14 November 1999.
Bowman, N.D. – As they head into the millennium, the five students at the Cottage School don't worry about shootings, crowded classrooms, or a lack of attention from their teacher.
The Cottage School is a one-room, country schoolhouse in southwestern North Dakota, surrounded by wide-open fields, pastures and gravel roads. It's an area of North Dakota, where cows are more common than kids.
Cottage, built around the turn of the century, is one of two schools in Slope County. The other is a one-room schoolhouse in nearby Amidon with seven students.
One-room schoolhouses were scattered throughout America's countryside at the turn of the century, but they are becoming rare, even in North Dakota. The state has 10 one-room schoolhouses, compared with 4,700 in 1918.
But that doesn't bother parents who send their children to Cottage.
"In a small, country school like this, it's so easy to instill good family values," said Connie Gaebe, Cottage's only full-time teacher. "That's why their parents send their kids here."
Dustin Freitag and John Wegner are the second graders at Cottage. Samantha Holzer is Gaebe's daughter and the school's only girl and third-grader. Thomas Burke and James McKitrick make up the fifth-grade class.
Thomas comes from a long line of family members who went to country schoolhouses. His father, Thomas, and mother, Twyla, were classmates at Cottage. His four older brothers attended a nearby one-room school before it consolidated with Cottage.
"We feel he gets as much or more than a classroom with more students in it," Twyla Burke said. "We get excellent teachers."
Country schoolhouses at the turn of the century didn't have indoor plumbing, heat or electiricity. Cottage School has all that – and technology.
It has three computers with internet access, a television, a copy machine and a microwave. Baebe hope to get a laptop computer with a grant she is writing.
Cottage students receive plenty of individual instruction. Gaebe taught Thomas and James math recently by telling them how important weights and measures are to farmers. On the other side of the room, Dustin, John and Samantha worked on art projects.
John and Dustin, working hard to stay in the lines with their colors, discussed the enrollment prospects at the school.
"We know there is going to be at least seven (students) next year," Dustin said.
"We know two for sure – your brother and my sister," John said.
The family atmosphere is present at all levels of the school district. When Gaebe interviewed for the job this year, she met with the students' parents, who are the school board members.
"It just has to kind of rotate among the parents," Country School Superintendent Lois Anderson said of the school board.
The Cottage families are farmers and ranchers. John and Dustin, the second-graders, say they want to follow in their parents' footsteps.
"My dad might need the help," said John, wearing cowboy boots and already looking like a young farmer.
Parents haul their kids to school every day because the school district doesn't run school buses. The school doesn't serve lunch, so students bring Crock-Pots with hot, home-cooked meals. They spend their recess breaks building tree forts, playing football, frolicking on old playground equipment and cruising gravel roads with their bicycles.
Gaebe regularly piles the students in her vehicle for field trips. After completing a unit on sunflowers, students rode along with an area farmer as he harvested his sunflower crop.
Gaebe and other parents aren't worried that the school will fade away as the number of children in rural areas continues to dwindle.
"We have enough younger ones coming up in the neighborhood that I think it'll be open for a few more years," Twyle Burke said.
Tom Decker, North Dakota's director of school finance and organization, believes the number of country schoolhouses could actually increase. Decker says some rural counties may eventually be served best by one country school.
Reprinted with permission by The Forum.
|Cottage School fifth-graders, James McKirtric, left, and Thomas Burke work on math lesson with teacher Connie Gaebe last week in Bowman. Cottage School is one of nine country schoolhouses in North Dakota.


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Yacht building rides crest of wave in Poland
|Shipyard cranes idle for decade
|Polish built catamaran heading to the Baltic in Gadańsk
It might be one of the best kept secrets in the recreational boating world, but Sunreef Yachts in Gdańsk and other upstart luxury boat manufacturers on the Baltic Coast and Mazury Lake Region are accounting for more than a third of the yachts on display at boat shows all over Europe.
Clients are comparing the new breed of Polish luxury craft to the best-known Italian brand in terms of craftsmanship and buyers are proud to own vessels made in the hallowed shipyard where the pro-democracy Solidarity trade union rose up under Lech Walesa.
Sunreef went into business ten years ago. An expatriate French father-and-son team tapped into generations of shipbuilding savvy in the Gdańsk workforce to turn out products for choosy clients from Monaco to Qatar and Hong Kong to Hawaii.
Their vessels are mainly double hulled catamarans measuring up to 200 feet in length. The quality is at the same or higher level than other yards in Europe, but prices average 15 percent lower than the non-Polish competition.
A renowned yacht magazine recently carried a feature article affirming the competitiveness of Sunreef and three other homespun Polish super yacht makers. These four firms and another 100 yacht yards christened more than 20,000 boats last year.
The Polish share of the European market is significant and most are sold under global brands like France's renowned Jeanneau-Beneteau and U.S. giant Brunswick Marine. These branded lines account for around half of Poland's production.
Andrej Janowski, the first to open a shipyard to build luxury yachts after the fall of communism, attributes the drive to make more sophisticated and speedy boats to what he calls the freedom-loving Polish spirit.
"Sailing is something that is characteristic of people with a mentality of freedom ", he insisted.
Indeed, domestic yacht building exploded when communism collapsed in 1989 and the essential marine-grade resins, fiberglass, plywood and lacquers suddenly became available on the emerging free market. The craftsmanship was always there, it was Poland's newfound access to suppliers in capitalist western countries that laid the foundation to produce world-class motor and sail boats.
While the production of commercial steamships has virtually dried up, Poland holds first place in Europe in the production of sailing yachts 20 to 30 feet long and the entire sector including mega-sized pleasure craft is growing rapidly. Next year's production is expected to jump 30% and will potentially make Poland the center of European yacht construction.
Those dilapidated communist era cranes rusting away in Gdańsk harbor are less of an eyesore and more of a testament to the unwavering freedom-loving Polish spirit and the ever growing strength of the Polish economy in a world floundering in a sea of red ink.
|Birthplace of Solidarność


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Introduction to first post and blog::This is my first post as a blogger and you know as this is my first blog and first post , this blog and post is extremely important to me as I'm expecting a good start for my writing career.I have many choices to write about but I have choose to write about my favorite site Google.Whose each and every move , change does make impact on my life because I'm fan of this site.So please on my this very first post comment and tell me about how I'm writing which will help me to improve and write better.So please don't ignore it and tell me freely about my writing .Because you not just me but also Google is also NOTHING WITHOUT YOU.
|Google Inc. Logo
What Is Google And Why To Use It ?
Google is a website which helps you to get what you want.Its simple - today on internet billion of pages are there and every day thousands and lacks of pages are added to it.every month 10 lack websites are added to web and such are increasing every day.In these billions of web pages Google helps you to get that page what you are interested in.Now consider that there is not a single search engine is there in the world and you want to get information about a product or place.What will you do then,you can't just find appropriate information that you want about that place or product cause you don't have URL of all sites which will help you to know what you want.Here Google work starts and it show you those what you want when you search a query about it on it.From those billions of pages it show you results that will help you to get what you are interested in.
History Of Google::
In 1995 founders of this great site Larry Page(at 22) and Sergey Brin met each other at Stanford University.Google beagan to work from January 1996.It was founded by Sergey Brin and Larry Page as they were working on college research project at University of Stanford at Stanford (California).In this project they worked on creating such a computer program (in computing language called as "Web Crawler") which they named "BackRub" , as it gives or finds value of each page of website based on no of linkes to that page.This BackRub estimated the value of each page or importance of each page on the basis of sites other sites linking to that site , title tag of that page , using relative keyword on that page , internal links to that page etc.This new type of process used to to rank the search results named as "Pagerank".This search engine later named as Google as misspelling of the word "googol" (Note: "Googol it is a maths term which is used to indicate a number followed by 100 zeroes."). When it was founded at that time ran on Stanford University server with web address "http://backrub.stanford.edu/backrub.html". But after that it was registered with name "http://www.google.com" on 15 Sept. 1997. Google's first office was located at there friends named Susan Wojcicki's garage at Menlo Park , California.
|Google's First Office at 232 Santa Margarita, Menlo Park.
Financing and funding for Google::
For Google first funding introduced by Sun Co-Founder Andy Bechtolsheim when he writes a check of US$ 100,000 even before Google was incorporated.Venture Capital firms Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and Sequoia Capital were major investors for Google with funding of 25 million.
Google's ace for dominating market is Google Search the most popular and unbeatable Google product.There is no challenger to Google Search in today's market.It's all because of its accuracy , user friendly nature , fast reaction etc.It also dominated the internet with its different product including Google+,Google Earth,Google Book,Youtube,Google Image Search,Android etc.Today Its area served is worldwide about 196 countries uses Google including search in each countries own language support.Currently its headquarter is situated at Googleplex , Mountain View , California , United States.
This is what I'm trying to write about my favorite company Google Inc. In my very first article I have ever writen in my life and it will continued in future soon.Hope you enjoyed reading this.I'm trying to improve my writing skill and getting more and more knowledge about Google and to publish it here.Tell me how do you found this article please tell me by commenting below. Thank's for reading.


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My acquittal report was accepted. Happy ending! A "successful grant user" remains as achievement in a CV. It will become advantage in future funds application. An artist is, idealy, good at both : a brush and a pen in a practical aspect eg) grants application and statements for exhibitions.
In a report, a recipient of funds has to show :
• the project activities and achievements - what, when, how etc
• spent money in detail
• answers for questions set by a grant foundatifon = drawn the insights from a carried out project
with concrete evidence such as photos, a video and so on.
For example, I used the video of the Moon and joined project "Building Dreams" edited by Wesley Mission. It eloquently showed what I did in the project. Many funds have "templates" of acquittal reports. Check them, when you become a successful applicant of a grant. Plan what sorts of proof is suitable for a report.
• Very kind and amazingly supportive.
The team wants candidates to make their dreams come true. In 2015, Accessible Arts NSW provided $198,000 in Small and Quick Response grants to not-for-profit arts and disability services/organisations and/or for groups or individual artists with disability living in NSW. I was one of them!
Friends, Happy Painting and Happy Writing! Make your dreams come true!
Accessible Arts NSW (2015) http://www.aarts.net.au/news/2106/140/CEO-Quarterly-Message/


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New Haven Police are hoping photos help them find the driver who left a father of five in the hospital earlier this month.
On December 1st, police found Dennis White, 37 of New Haven, bloodied in the middle of the road with no evidence that he had been hit by a car. White was transported to Yale-New Haven hospital and suffered serious injuries including a fractured skull.
White remains hospitalized in stable condition.
Police said he was pinned underneath a light colored Audi A4 and dragged for at least a block before he was found.
Police are now looking for the driver who they say dragged White from Orchard Street to Davenport Avenue and then on to Elliot Street. The car was last seen on Sylvan Avenue.
In addition to the driver, police are also looking for any witnesses. No one called 911 the night it happened, according to police.
Police are seeking an Audi A4 that is white or silver in color with a fin-style rear roof mounted antenna, tinted windows, 5-spoke wheels and a sunroof.
Anyone with information is asked to call New Haven Police at 203-946-6304.


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The T-X battle comes down to Lockheed and Boeing: With U.S. President Donald Trump's attention fixed on the F-35 and Air Force One, the Air Force's biggest ongoing aircraft competition so far has gone untouched. But even without Trump's intervention, the T-X race has evolved into something not unlike an episode of a reality TV show, featuring industry teams breaking up, companies unexpectedly dropping out and upstart entries coming in at the last minute.
The T-X program began with four main competitors: Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Northrop Grumman — which developed a new prototype — and a Raytheon-Leonardo team offering the latter firm's M-346. Over the past couple of months, Northrop has pulled out of the competition, Raytheon dissolved its partnership with Leonardo — leaving the Italian firm to ally with its US wing, DRS Technologies — and several smaller companies, including Sierra Nevada and the nigh-unknown Stavatti Aerospace, decided to throw their designs into the ring.
Analysts tell Defense News that the drama overshadows the most important point: The competition has become a face-off between Boeing's clean-sheet T-X design and the Lockheed Martin-Korean Aerospace Industries' T-50A, the US derivative of a trainer flown by the South Korean, Iraqi, Philippine and Indonesian militaries.
Find military and patriotic images on tee-shirts, caps, and other casual clothing, as well as on beer steins, mousepads, clocks, and dozens of other office and gift items. The Military Chest -- your one-stop shopping site for military and patriotic themed gifts. Worldwide delivery available.
Visit our TEAMultimedia PatriArt Gallery to find military and patriotic images as posters, framed art prints, calendars, and greeting card sets. Worldwide delivery available.


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The products I am about to talk about, can work wonders. I know, maybe a little too much. But these products work well on different things. You'll understand, scroll down to see for yourself.
Coconut Oil -
The first product has alot of hype around it, although all true. It really is a multi-purpose product. That works well on any drier areas of the body, helps to moisturise skin,nails and cuticles. Also, applies to the ends of your hair to help keep split ends hydrated. Also use as a hair mask, once applied leave overnight and wash out the next morning and your hair will feel much more hydrated. Coconut oil is used to help stretch marks as it's a staple with new mums.Another purpose for this product is cooking, it's great to use instead of butter or olive oil and it is alot more healthier.
Aqueous Cream -
My next multi-purpose product is Aqueous cream. Never heard of it, let me fill you in! A basic, cheap cream that can be used for alot of things. For example: I use this as an overnight face mask and let it sink in and over time my skin is alot more plump and hydrated. I also use it on my Eczema when I'm having a bath or shower, just to wash where my skin is sore. This doesn't irritate my skin and leaves it soft after use. Sometimes I use this as a cleanser, as it is so soothing. It helps wipes away any impurities without drying out the skin. This can also be used as a basic moisturiser to help hydrate the skin. It has also been noted that it is one of Louise Thompson's bargain beauty secrets. It must be good if she uses it!
Argan Oil -
My last product is Argan oil and can be appear in different packaging but at the end of the day it's still the same product! This, I use as an overnight serum before my moisturiser. When I wake up I have lovely plump, hydrated skin. I also use this on the ends of my hair, helping to re-hydrate my poor hair. Use on dry patches and areas on the body that need a little more TLC.
Do you have a multi-purpose product you love?


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Swedish singer/songwriter
Click below to like this Track:
Shoot Him Down
Great song. This could be a reply to Neil Young's 'Down by The River' (I shot my baby),
great voice love the guitar pocket all the best . posted by tonyc blues
This has a really great feel, sexy, smart and sassy. You clearly have a powerful voice and are using it with subtlety and skill.
OK...you got me.lol. your concept is excellent, vocals on point and i really appreciate the production.I really also like the titles of yours tracks, they were interesting subjects. I cant really see any flaws in your work. I really hope to hear you on the radio one day. Give my tracks a listen and tell me what you think."Andrell"
love the music ma you sound damn good -real talk...
New song up jenny lemme know what u think
Good sound and nice vocals. Particularly liked the drums and perc.
Killer voice Jenny! Natural and real organic
really cool track, great vocal and really tasteful guitar. This track really swings
Excellent recording and your voice is so strong and clear! Great work! Very enjoyable....
Superb production and performing. I liked the Portishead style scratch at the start.
Cool pop song. Great vocals. Production is professional. Nice job. Glad I stopped by for a listen.
This is right up my street....what a great song. Such a cool groove....ohhh how i could jam to this...!!. This is rated and nominated from me Jenny.
Agree with the All Along The Watchtower comparison below. Good song. Rated.
The Fast elephants could do with a voice like that
Love your style , you got a good sound!
Great vocals, and this is a well written song. Production sounds A1 too.
Great stuff.
Great sound and guitar work. Drum tracks are always challenging, I know from experience.
really like the song and you have some great clear vocals. will check out more of the other tracks,
drums sound wimpy as all git out. But i like the way you look.
Nice song. Excellent recording and production. World Class voice. If there were only some harmonies on the hook...Overall Top Shelf!!
nice song, great voice. Gonna check out your other tracks...nice work....regards
(Stuart Kuhs)
Great Song Jenny!
Hi Jenny,,,How's it going? I haven't seen you for awhile so I guess you have been creating more great tunes. I love this one girl...chilling,,,nice vibes and overall great sounding vocals. The song has just ended,,,I guess I it's time for another listen...Good luck Jenny,,,love your music girl.! Mary:-)
Sweet tune,love the vocals.Production is top notch.
Oh yeaah! Continuing the drawn-out comments starting with 'O' on this excellent song.
Beautiful rippling solo, do agree with you Reid.
Ooh this is nice. It has echoes of an older song... what was it... oh I know "All along the watchtower" - the Hendrix version (and I liked that a lot :-) ). Very good vocals on this - very nice indeed. Graham
oh heeeyy, I like the feeling on this one.. s'got soul.. nice touch on electric...
very smooth transitions verse to chorus to verse... If this is your new track, i'd post it as the master track so people hear it right off.
great soloing outro...
Reid Moore
The new Jenny Beck CD On The Outside is out now and available through most of the leading online music stores, such as iTunes, Napster and MSN Music, as well as through independent stores such as www.tapintomusic.com, www.uksounds.com, www.indiestore.com, www.amiestreet.com, www.tunetribe.com, as well as through the official Jenny Beck website www.jennybeck.co.uk and myspace page at www.myspace.com/jennybeck
I decided to review Jenny Beck's song "Morning Rain" as the title caught my eye; something that I love, "morning rain". There is something about lying in bed listening to the rain as I lay awake listening while the soft light wind brushes against the curtains.
The song starts off with a sound effect of rain; soothing and relaxing to the ears is what I felt. If I close my eyes, you would actually


text: I live in OKC and the temps have been over 100 for the past several weeks. I have noticed my neighbor's pool losing quite a bit of water to evaporation and I expect to see the same. I was wondering if anyone has experience or recommendations regarding an autofill valve (if that is what it's called) that will add water to the pool as required. I know that a garden hose will do the same thing, but since I am early in the build process, I thought it was worth asking about. My idea is to tie into the supply line of my sprinkler system to get the water to the pool. Any advice would be greatly appreciated!


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Product Description
Uses: Diffuses essential oils for aromatherapy.
Diffuses essential oils into air for aromatherapy
Completely portable
Uses replaceable absorbent pads
No water, no spill
Lights up with rotating colors
Covers spaces up to 100 sq. ft.
Can run on 2 AA batteries, USB cord, or wall adapter
Benefits of Color and Aromatherapy
Enjoy the benefits for your mind, body, and spirit with this illuminated AromaColor aromatherapy diffuser. The compact, completely portable design can operate anywhere. It runs on two AA batteries or by plugging into a USB computer port or wall adapter. The AromaColor Diffuser works without water, so there is no risk of spills or adding too much humidity to the air.
To start diffusing, simply place drops of essential oil on one of the replaceable absorbing pads and turn the power on. Lights illuminate with rotating colors while the diffuser is operating. The diffuser's size is ideal for small areas because it will diffuse without overpowering.
For thousands of years, people have been using aromatherapy with essential oils to support overall health and well-being. Aromatherapy is believed to promote relaxation, enhance mood, relieve stress, and harmonize the mind, body, and soul. Essential oils are not technically oils. Rather they are highly concentrated plant constituents that possess medicinal and cosmetic qualities. They are extracted from flowers, leaves, seeds, roots, fruits and branches, depending on the plant.
Unit size: 4" long x 3.25" wide x 2.5" high.
Weight: 0.25 lbs.
What are the ingredients?
This product contains no ingestible ingredients.
How do I use the AromaColor™ Diffuser?
Place drops of essential oil on the replaceable absorbing pads and turn the power on. Lights illuminate with a rotating array of colors while the diffuser is operating. Use a replacement pad when changing fragrances or after extended use.
Operates with 2 AA batteries or USB cord (included), which can plug into a computer or USB wall adapter.


text:
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It's super-stretchy to accommodate most sizes and snug enough to help you last longer. The ball strap holds the extension in place, prolongs ejaculation, and features a powerful micro vibe for explosive climaxes. Your partner will enjoy deeper penetration with the 1" extension at the tip, while you watch your dick grow bigger and thicker than ever before through the crystal clear sleeve! Try it in the shower or spa and turn bath time into pleasure time! Cleanup is a snap after the fun with the included antibacterial soap and warm water. One size fits most. This is not a contraceptive.
Requires 2 1.5V Batteries (included)


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Add user control toolstrip jobs
...this drop down menu I need the ability to add entries, which look like regular ToolStripMenuItem's - image (tool icon) on the left and text on the right. For this entry type I need the image and text to generate different events. So, if user clicks text of the drop down menu entry, one func is called, if user clicks the image on the left of the text
...Create a Windows Forms application named Doorstep. [login to view URL] the form title to Doorstep Treats. 3.Add a menu strip. For now, add Customers, Orders, and Products as main menu items. [login to view URL] products menu should have some baked treats in it (at least three). Add some you think the customers would like. When you select one of them, the main screen shou...
Please look at the image and this is a micro project I want this tooltrip control looking like the image and i must be able to edit it and add stuff like drop downs etc also if form resizes it wont mess up the position of the icons
...the cost in my system with the cost from the excel file and append a note in column 4 that says "Updated cost from <<old value>> to <<new value>>". Step 4. Indicate via toolstrip or msg box that the update is complete. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ------------------------------------------------------- If you've developed an app like this in the...
...from the excel file and append a note in column 4 that says "Updated cost from <<old value>> to <<new value>>". Step 4. Indicate via toolstrip or msg box that the update is complete. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ------------------------------------------------------- If you've developed an app like this in the past
...not include any background panel to block the transparency or to extend past the rounded corners. Even though the background images will be provided, I would like the control to accept parameters to make it easy to change: * the 3 background images * the arrow image * the font size of the menu item * the graphic size of the menu item *
...Recode application to support multiple concurrent open files. add a windows menu which allows the selection of the listing of all open files. 2. print support. The printed output is to include appropriate headings and formating. 3. ToolStrip Interface. add a standart toolstrip interface. 4. Help Files. Using HTML Help workshop or similar
Please Sign Up or Login to see details.
...which is part of a toolstrip which is part of a toolstrip container. 1) Create a form with a toolstrip container and dock it to the top of the form. 2) Dock a new toolstrip into the toolstrip container and dock it to the top of the toolstripcontainer. 3) Use the toolstrip control to create a combobox within the toolstrip.? (...
...2005. ? It must include a 1. table Layout panel 2. The table layout panel must have a toolstrip in column 0 row 0 with 2 buttons Button 1 and Button2. 3. The table layout panel must have 2 Telerik radtabstrips in column 0 row 1. The toolstrip has 2 buttons in it. Each radtabstrip must have 2 button items with a content panel. Each
A generic user interface is required that is able to load menus and toolbar items dynamically based on xml configuration file. ## Deliverables **Specification** An application is required to act as a starting point for other applications. **Functionality Required:** ·? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MDI Form which loads menus and toolstrip bars dynamically based
...Custom Control where I have used Toolstrip control. This toolstrip control is design time editable by control user as I have used this snippet [login to view URL]([login to view URL], "MyToolStrip"); And in the control's toolstrip, I added some toolstrip items and then I ship this control to the users. ...
Hello, I already have a windows custom control. In my custom control, I have a tool bar where I wanted that my user should be able to add toolbar items to the toolbar. At this moment, I have provided my user an option to edit an XML file about how many buttons should be added and what will be the title and image of the button. It was very hard for
Jestem w trakcie pisania aplikacji w C# wykorzystując środowisko .NET. Korzystam z Visual Studio 2010. Na ten moment zorganizowałem wygląd aplikacji, działanie menu (2 x toolstrip ze zmiennymi przyciskami) oraz logowanie do aplikacji. Jestem w trakcie przechodzenia do projektowania panelu sterowania. Po zrobieniu tej części będę potrzebował osoby dobrze


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Twitter is all set to remove the 140 character limit that defines it, but only for Direct Messages, from July. A post for developers from DM product manager Sachin Agarwal has posted API recommendations for developers so as to "make this change as seamless as possible".
"You may be wondering what this means for the public side of Twitter. Nothing! Tweets will continue to be the 140 characters they are today," says the blogpost. The new limit for DMs will be 10,000 characters.
This is certainly not going to change life for regular users, except for those who use Twitter for chats with their followers. However, this could be a sign of the times to come.
Twitter had recently introduced another change to Direct Messages allowing people who were not following each other to send DMs if they opted for it.


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Universal's THE MUMMY, the film that is meant to kick off their new Universal Monsters Cinematic Universe of interconnected monster movie reboots, is my most highly anticipated horror release of the year. My hype level is already off the charts, and now an international trailer has come along to boost my excitement even more.
Directed by Alex Kurtzman from a screenplay by Jon Spaihts, THE MUMMY stars Tom Cruise, Jake Johnson, Annabelle Wallis, Courtney B. Vance, Marwan Kenzari, and Javier Botet, with Sofia Boutella as the Mummy and Russell Crowe as Dr. Henry Jekyll. The synopsis:
Thought safely entombed in a crypt deep beneath the unforgiving desert, an ancient queen whose destiny was unjustly taken from her, is awakened in our current day, bringing with her malevolence grown over millennia and terrors that defy human comprehension.
From the sweeping sands of the Middle East through hidden labyrinths under modern-day London, The Mummy brings a surprising intensity and balance of wonder and thrills in an imaginative new take that ushers in a new world of gods and monsters.
Mixing footage from previous trailers with some new footage, this international trailer has it all - action, adventure, large scale destruction, and monsters - not just the mummy herself, but also her zombie servants. There's a great shot in there of some of these zombies swimming through a flooded tomb, heading toward Cruise. This trailer also gives us further glimpses of armed soldiers who I assume are working for Jekyll's organization Prodigium, which exists to "recognize, examine, contain, and destroy evil". As I have said before, I believe Prodigium is going to be used to tie this monster universe together.
THE MUMMY is looking like a great time to me. I can't wait to see it when it's released on June 9th.


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This post is in response to Michael's post, which was in response to my comment on another of his posts. I should mention, too, that I have a great deal of respect for Michael, and I don't intend for this to be a condemnation of him, but a thoughtful discussion of the issue of violence in the search for environmental and social justice.
I think we agree more than you realize, and I've only come to my current position recently and through a great deal of consideration and self-searching. I've taken hard line stances, and advocated a violent approach in the past - look through the archives of this blog and you'll see what I mean. I haven't completely abandoned my position, just tempered it a bit. I'm still willing to consider violence as an option (I'm not a dogmatic pacifist, as Jensen would have it), but I've realized that violence is simplistic and most of these problems are very complex. Let me add to your pseudo-dialog, and see if we can work this out.
Michael: As for destruction – or might we say 'deconstruction' – I think there is definitely a time and place for it. Some buildings need to go (but without harm to others), and some dams need to be destroyed, and some technic-material systems need to be dismantled. Murder is never justifiable - but the deconstruction of "property" I have no problem with (who really owns the earth anyway?).
Jeremy: Yes, I like the term deconstruction, I've used it myself many times in the past. And I agree that buildings need to come down, dams need to come down, and certain systems need to be dismantled. However, there are ways of doing that without harming the people who live, work, and play on or near the sites. I'm not talking about the protection of property, but the protection of lives, and the environment. I'm concerned about the random (or even strategic) use of explosives advocated by many, because it may harm or kill people unintentionally or collaterally, and may spread toxins in a way that is worse for the environment than the facilities themselves. Also, we need to be effective in our deconstruction. Random smashing of windows, burning of cars, etc. does little to stop the corporate machine. Hell, terrorists took down the whole damn world trade center, killed 3000 "little Eichmans," and business went on as usual. There has to be something else, something more effective, and I don't think that something is violence.
Michael: Would we be justified in jumping the fence of said factory and sabotaging or blowing-up their facilities – halting production and the subsequent generation of toxic waste? If even once child was prevented from developing cancer as a result would such 'violence' be justified? Or should that community continue to drink the water while non-violently holding up signs and protesting outside corporate headquarters?
Jeremy: First of all, this scenario is not at all comparable to the kinds of random violence staged at the G20 protest, or that you advocate later in your post (i.e. smashing windows, vandalizing property, etc.). Second, would blowing up or sabotaging the facility really do anything to effectively stop the activities? What happens when they fix the machinery or build a new facility? You may give them a headache, but if you think it's going to stop anything, I think you seriously underestimate the resolve of the capitalist system. The company will just get a huge insurance payment and go right on with what they were doing before. You've done nothing to help the community, or to prevent the deaths of those children. Meanwhile, you've been labeled an eco-terrorist, and lost any credibility with the local community, mainstream environmentalists, and the public as a whole - if you're lucky you'll just end up in jail for a few years.
Michael: I think many people in the so-called West have been pacified into thinking that there actually is a "civil society" out there somewhere.
Jeremy: I'm not talking about civil society, or using the system to fight the system. I think we have to work outside of the system to bring it down. But that doesn't necessarily mean violence. MLK fought the system, using tactics external to the system, without resorting to violence. We can be confrontational without blowing things up or smashing things (and I do think that anger can be useful, but, again, anger doesn't have to be violent).
Michael:why do they still flock to the shopping malls and drive SUVs? Why do more people watch American Idol than vote during an election? Why do they "grudgingly accept" or rationalize their role in this maladaptive 'game'? Why are they NOT rising up for a better more human world?
Could they not choose otherwise?
Jeremy:You can't expect everyone to be radical - people have to live day-to-day - like it or not, radicalism is a privileged position (Who made up the majority of people marching in Toronto, breaking windows and destroying property? Were they indigenous people from Africa and South America or poor African Americans from New York or Washington D.C.? I doubt it). And you can't simply reduce all of those who are not radical to mindless servants of the system. By doing so you deny their agency, you risk alienating them from your cause, and you ignore potential points of agreement that can but built upon to create a broader movement.
People can and do make choices everyday - sometimes their choices coincide with the corporate system, and sometimes they don't - but you can't expect all of their choices to be in line with your philosophy (I would venture to bet that even your choices are not 100% in line with your philosophy). However, despite these problems, and despite outward appearances, people do make choices that subvert the corporate system. A person may choose to buy food from a farmers market or grow some of their own food instead of a going to a corporate chain grocery story, they may protest the destruction of a piece of land, they may give money to an environmental group, or a thousand other things. Small? Yes, but these small things add up, and, with a little work on our part, they can be built upon to generate a larger movement. But if you simply degrade them as "sheeple" then you've lost them already.


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GAY-TANTRA™ Introductory Workshop
Immerse yourself in the world of relaxation, playfulness, tranquillity, energy and connectedness. GAY-TANTRA opens the door for you! Feel pride and self-confidence to open up new levels of consciousness with your sexuality for your life. By taking part in the Sexual Energy Massage GAY-TANTRA™ Introductory Workshop you will open up new perspectives for your love life. You'll feel sexually attractive and charged with energy and will experience life directly and uncomplicated.
When selecting our sexual partner we are usually more influenced by their outer appearance and personality. It is often not possible to make natural contact without experiencing inevitable disappointments. We live more in external perception and judgement, rather than feeling our own body's potential as a vehicle for pleasure, love, understanding and ecstasy. We prefer to fantasize about our sexuality, rather than really experience it.
This workshop aims to strengthen the relationship to your own body to get you out of your fantasy world into the present moment!
More things to consider...
- Would you like to bring something new into your life? Maybe now is the right time to bring something new to your life. Try new ways of connecting with yourself and others and gain new perspectives on the world and your life!
- Would you like to free your mind & find yourself? Breathing deeply, moving your body and making sounds of pleasure - these are the three keys of GAY-TANTRA used to achieve ecstasy and bliss. These 3 keys have the power to bring your thoughts to different levels, feelings and to help find yourself: To understand more deeply who you are, what you want and which goals you want to achieve!
- Would you like to be your authentic self? We provide a safe environment in which you can express yourself and leave the world outside to find yourself on the inside!
Now you can learn from Germany's GAY-TANTRA™ Pioneer, Armin Heining as he brings his Sexual Energy Massage GAY-TANTRA™ Introductory Workshop to the US at Frog Meadow in Southern Vermont!
Watch our video invitation to the Introductory Workshop
Course and Contents
Body awareness, movement and encounter will help you to make contact with yourself and the other men.
Active and silent meditations stimulate the flow of energy to sensitize the skin and organs and prepare you to sense energy coursing throughout your whole body.
The imaginary division of your body into seven segments helps you to channel your awareness to a specific area.
Genital touch and massage stimulates your pelvic area and your sexual fire. You see how this fire spreads through the chakras in your body.
In the ritual of "sexual energy massage" you channel your sexual desire through your whole body and connect it up with your massage partner. You immerse yourself in a shared experience of sexual pleasure and energy.
Presentations, discussions and personal exchanges will help you to integrate your experiences during the workshop with your everyday life at home, providing ideas for post-seminar practice and the ongoing inclusion and integration of GAY-TANTRA™ in your daily routine!
In addition, this introductory workshop will also give you a more accurate picture of how you can benefit from ongoing GAY-TANTRA™ programs and their incredible potential
This Workshop is Suitable for You...
- If you want to discover your body and your sexuality in a new way...
- If you want to be a more liberated person...
- If you want to experience ecstatic sexuality...
- If you want to further develop your sexual life...
- If you want to connect sexuality with spirituality!
For Inspiration and Joyful Preparation
Upon registration for this introductory workshop first-time participants will receive the following materials for advance familiarization and joyful preparation:
- The GAY-TANTRA Educational Film 'Ultimate Gay Sex' (running time about 65 minutes) and other Bonus Films for download to allow you to maximize what you will learn and take home from the workshop intensive! "Ultimate Gay Sex" shows how to increase your sexual spontaneity and creativity and thus you can develop yourself! Learn through breathing and visualization to activate different expressions of your sexuality. Express this in lustful touch and stimulations. Learn how to love your partner in a holistic way, so that body boundaries melt and you become ONE!
- Additional bonus films for download to allow you to maximize what you will learn and take home from this workshop!


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Watch how to make this recipe.
Chop the tuna into chunks, add them to a food processor, and pulse a few times to break up the pieces. In a bowl mix the soy sauce, oil, lime juice, cilantro, and ginger; season with salt and pepper. Pour over the tuna and process until well blended. Form into 4 patties and grill.
For the sauce, cut the tofu into chunks and put them into a blender with the ginger, cilantro, chile, sesame oil, lime juice, soy sauce, water, and salt and pepper, to taste. Puree, taste, and adjust seasoning. Top the burgers with the sauce and garnish with the spicy sprouts.


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If you are in the garden, I will dress myself in leaves.
If you are in the sea I will slide into that
smooth blue nest, I will talk fish, I will adore salt.
But if you are sad, I will not dress myself in desolation.
I will present myself with all the laughters I can muster.
And if you are angry I will come, calm and steady, with
some small and easy story.
Promises, promises, promises! The tongue jabbers, the heart
strives, fails, strives again. The world is perfect.
Love, however,
is an opera, a history, a long walk, that
includes falling and rising, falling and rising, while
the heart stays as sweet as a peach, as radiant and
grateful as the deep leaved hills.


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In the wake of the debut iPhone, Apple's stock price surged above $700 for the first time.
The Cupertino tech company came within 20 cents of breaking the mark Monday after the company announced it'd sold more than 2 million iPhone 5s on the first day of pre-orders.
Apple's market value is at just around $655 billion.
The giant has a busy week ahead that could impact its stock.
Apple will release iOS 6, its latest mobile operating system, Wednesday, which will bring Siri voice service to the iPad for the first time, as well as introduce a new wallet-like app called PassBook.
Then on Friday, it will officially begin selling the iPhone 5 in stores.
Winklevoss twins start spending their Facebook money
IPhone 5 hoopla builds as store sales near [Google+ Hangout]