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Conversion value Also called parity value, the value of a convertible security if it is converted immediately.
Convertible bonds Bonds that can be converted into common stock at the option of the holder.
Convertible eurobond A eurobond that can be converted into another asset, often through exercise of
attached warrants.
Convertible exchangeable preferred stock Convertible preferred stock that may be exchanged, at the
issuer's option, into convertible bonds that have the same conversion features as the convertible preferred
Convertible preferred stock Preferred stock that can be converted into common stock at the option of the
Convertible security A security that can be converted into common stock at the option of the security holder,
including convertible bonds and convertible preferred stock.
Dictionary of Finantial and Business Terms
Lico Reis – Consultoria & LГnguas
Convex Bowed, as in the shape of a curve. Usually referring to the price/required yield relationship for
option-free bonds.
Core competency Primary area of competence. Narrowly defined fields or tasks at which a company or
business excels. Primary areas of specialty.
Corner A Market To purchase enough of the available supply of a commodity or stock in order to
manipulate its price.
Corporate acquisition The acquisition of one firm by anther firm.
Corporate bonds Debt obligations issued by corporations.
Corporate charter A legal document creating a corporation.
Corporate finance One of the three areas of the discipline of finance. It deals with the operation of the firm
(both the investment decision and the financing decision) from that firm's point of view.
Corporate financial management The application of financial principals within a corporation to create and
maintain value through decision making and proper resource management.
Corporate financial planning Financial planning conducted by a firm that encompasses preparation of both
long- and short-term financial plans.
Corporate processing float The time that elapses between receipt of payment from a customer and the
depositing of the customer's check in the firm's bank account; the time required to process customer
Corporate tax view The argument that double (corporate and individual) taxation of equity returns makes
debt a cheaper financing method.
Corporate taxable equivalent Rate of return required on a par bond to produce the same after-tax yield to
maturity that the premium or discount bond quoted would.
Corporation A legal "person" that is separate and distinct from its owners. A corporation is allowed to own
assets, incur liabilities, and sell securities, among other things.
Correlation See: Correlation coefficient.
Correlation coefficient A standardized statistical measure of the dependence of two random variables,
defined as the covariance divided by the standard deviations of two variables.
Cost company arrangement Arrangement whereby the shareholders of a project receive output free of
charge but agree to pay all operating and financing charges of the project.
Cost of capital The required return for a capital budgeting project.
Cost of carry Related: Net financing cost
Cost of funds Interest rate associated with borrowing money.
Cost of lease financing A lease's internal rate of return.
Cost of limited partner capital The discount rate that equates the after-tax inflows with outflows for capital
raised from limited partners.
Dictionary of Finantial and Business Terms
Lico Reis – Consultoria & LГnguas
Cost-benefit ratio The net present value of an investment divided by the investment's initial cost. Also called
the profitability index.
Counter trade The exchange of goods for other goods rather than for cash; barter.
Counterpart items In the balance of payments, counterpart items are analogous to unrequited transfers in the
current account. They arise because the double-entry system in balance of payments accounting and refer to
adjustments in reserves owing to monetization or demonetization of gold, allocation or cancellation of SDRs,
and revaluation of the various components of total reserves.
Counterparties The parties to an interest rate swap.
Counterparty Party on the other side of a trade or transaction.
Counterparty risk The risk that the other party to an agreement will default. In an options contract, the risk
to the option buyer that the option writer will not buy or sell the underlying as agreed.
Country economic risk Developments in a national economy that can affect the outcome of an international
financial transaction.
Country beta Covariance of a national economy's rate of return and the rate of return the world economy
divided by the variance of the world economy.
Country financial risk The ability of the national economy to generate enough foreign exchange to meet
payments of interest and principal on its foreign debt.
Country risk General level of political and economic uncertainty in a country affecting the value of loans or
investments in that country.
Country selection A type of active international management that measures the contribution to performance
attributable to investing in the better-performing stock markets of the world.
Coupon The periodic interest payment made to the bondholders during the life of the bond.
Coupon equivalent yield True interest cost expressed on the basis of a 365-day year.
Coupon payments A bond's interest payments.
Coupon rate In bonds, notes or other fixed income securities, the stated percentage rate of interest, usually
paid twice a year.
Covariance A statistical measure of the degree to which random variables move together.
Covenants Provisions in a bond indenture or preferred stock agreement that require the bond or preferred
stock issuer to take certain specified actions (affirmative covenants) or to refrain from taking certain specified
actions (negative covenants).
Cover The purchase of a contract to offset a previously established short position.
Coverage ratios Ratios used to test the adequacy of cash flows generated through earnings for purposes of
meeting debt and lease obligations, including the interest coverage ratio and the fixed charge coverage ratio.
Covered call A short call option position in which the writer owns the number of shares of the underlying
stock represented by the option contracts. Covered calls generally limit the risk the writer takes because the
stock does not have to be bought at the market price, if the holder of that option decides to exercise it.
Dictionary of Finantial and Business Terms
Lico Reis – Consultoria & LГnguas
Covered call writing strategy A strategy that involves writing a call option on securities that the investor
owns in his or her portfolio. See covered or hedge option strategies.
Covered interest arbitrage A portfolio manager invests dollars in an instrument denominated in a foreign
currency and hedges his resulting foreign exchange risk by selling the proceeds of the investment forward for
Covered or hedge option strategies Strategies that involve a position in an option as well as a position in the
underlying stock, designed so that one position will help offset any unfavorable price movement in the other,
including covered call writing and protective put buying. Related: naked strategies
Covered Put A put option position in which the option writer also is short the corresponding stock or has
deposited, in a cash account, cash or cash equivalents equal to the exercise of the option. This limits the
option writer's risk because money or stock is already set aside. In the event that the holder of the put option
decides to exercise the option, the writer's risk is more limited than it would be on an uncovered or naked put
Cramdown The ability of the bankruptcy court to confirm a plan of reorganization over the objections of
some classes of creditors.
Crawling peg An automatic system for revising the exchange rate. It involves establishing a par value around
which the rate can vary up to a given percent. The par value is revised regularly according to a formula
determined by the authorities.
Credible signal A signal that provides accurate information; a signal that can be distinguish among senders.
Credit Money loaned.
Credit analysis The process of analyzing information on companies and bond issues in order to estimate the
ability of the issuer to live up to its future contractual obligations. Related: default risk
Credit enhancement Purchase of the financial guarantee of a large insurance company to raise funds.
Credit period The length of time for which the customer is granted credit.
Credit risk The risk that an issuer of debt securities or a borrower may default on his obligations, or that the
payment may not be made on a negotiable instrument. Related: Default risk
Credit scoring A statistical technique wherein several financial characteristics are combined to form a single
score to represent a customer's creditworthiness.
Credit spread Related:Quality spread
Crediting rate The interest rate offered on an investment type insurance policy.
Creditor Lender of money.
Cross default A provision under which default on one debt obligation triggers default on another debt
Cross hedging The practice of hedging with a futures contract that is different from the underlying being
Cross holdings One corporation holds shares in another firm.
Dictionary of Finantial and Business Terms
Lico Reis – Consultoria & LГnguas
Cross rates The exchange rate between two currencies expressed as the ratio of two foreign exchange rates
that are both expressed in terms of a third currency.
Cross-border risk Refers to the volatility of returns on international investments caused by events associated
with a particular country as opposed to events associated solely with a particular economic or financial agent.
Cross-sectional approach A statistical methodology applied to a set of firms at a particular point in time.
Crossover rate The return at which two alternative projects have the same net present value.
Crown jewel A particularly profitable or otherwise particularly valuable corporate unit or asset of a firm.
Cum dividend With dividend.
Cum rights With rights.
Cumulative abnormal return (CAR) Sum of the differences between the expected return on a stock and the
actual return that comes from the release of news to the market.
Cumulative dividend feature A requirement that any missed preferred or preference stock dividends be paid
in full before any common dividend payment is made.
Cumulative preferred stock Preferred stock whose dividends accrue, should the issuer not make timely
dividend payments. Related: non-cumulative preferred stock.
Cumulative probability distribution A function that shows the probability that the random variable will
attain a value less than or equal to each value that the random variable can take on.
Cumulative Translation Adjustment (CTA) account An entry in a translated balance sheet in which gains
and/or losses from translation have been accumulated over a period of years. The CTA account is required
under the FASB No. 52 rule.
Cumulative voting A system of voting for directors of a corporation in which shareholder's total number of
votes is equal to his number of shares held times the number of candidates.
Currency Money.
Currency arbitrage Taking advantage of divergences in exchange rates in different money markets by
buying a currency in one market and selling it in another market.
Currency basket The value of a portfolio of specific amounts of individual currencies, used as the basis for
setting the market value of another currency. It is also referred to as a currency cocktail.
Currency future A financial future contract for the delivery of a specified foreign currency.
Currency option An option to buy or sell a foreign currency.
Currency risk Related: Exchange rate risk
Currency risk sharing An agreement by the parties to a transaction to share the currency risk associated with
the transaction. The arrangement involves a customized hedge contract embedded in the underlying
Currency selection Asset allocation in which the investor chooses among investments denominated in
different currencies.
Dictionary of Finantial and Business Terms
Lico Reis – Consultoria & LГnguas
Currency swap An agreement to swap a series of specified payment obligations denominated in one currency
for a series of specified payment obligations denominated in a different currency.
Current account Net flow of goods, services, and unilateral transactions (gifts) between countries.
Current assets Value of cash, accounts receivable, inventories, marketable securities and other assets that
could be converted to cash in less than 1 year.
Current coupon A bond selling at or close to par, that is, a bond with a coupon close to the yields currently
offered on new bonds of a similar maturity and credit risk.
Current liabilities Amount owed for salaries, interest, accounts payable and other debts due within 1 year.
Current issue In Treasury securities, the most recently auctioned issue. Trading is more active in current
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Our toddlers just finished a month focusing on our five senses, and this was one of the many fun projects we made!
Of course we try to incorporate our five senses in what we do all throughout the year, and this simple activity would be fun for an animal unit, learning about colors or shapes, enriching a study about textures, and more.
Present your child with several different textures to explore. I chose to cut mine in triangular shapes, but you could do any shape. As they touch each texture, describe it to them using rich vocabulary – rough, bumpy, smooth, silky, soft, hard, sticky, stiff, squishy, coarse, fine, etc.
You can use all sorts of textures on your texture turtle – I cut triangles of sandpaper (try various grades for some differences!), corrugated cardboard, and several different types of fabric scraps (velvet, cotton, silk, rayon, etc). But you could also do bubble wrap, foil, contact paper, ribbons, cardstock… the possibilities are endless! It might even be fun to add some not-so-flat textures like Styrofoam pieces.
Tell them they are going to get to add those textures to the back of a turtle, then offer them a paper plate and let them paint it with green paint!
A lot of mine chose to brush their fingers first, then spread the paint with their hands.
While the paint is still wet, stick the textures onto the texture turtle's back! If you are using heavier textures, you might want to wait until the paint is dried and use glue.
Finally, attach the paper head (let older kids draw their own face!), legs, and tail – we taped them to the back of ours.
This is my third year making these turtles with my students (both preschool and toddlers), and it has always been a hit! However you do it, this will be a fun project to make and enjoy afterward too.

subset: commoncrawl


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On a warm, windy day in Tampa, everyonefans, coaches, other pitchersstops what they're doing to watch Brett Marshall throw. It's just a warm-up, with no actual game action scheduled for a few more days, so he's not really letting it fly, but he doesn't have to. Everyone is still staring.
It's not the velocity, although that's there. It's not the distinctive thump of the ball hitting the catcher's mitt the way it does only for those blessed with such lightning arms. It's how easy it looks. Each motion looks like the last motion, which looks like the last motion, which looks like the last motion. The fastball comes in at a consistent 94 mph, but it's the changeup, widely considered his best pitch, that you have to keep an eye out for; the arm action is perfectly deceptive for being so repeatable. Marshall looks fluid and simple, like he could throw forever. To watch him pitch is to think that throwing a baseball is the most natural thing in the world. When he finishes, a group of fans standing on a walkway above burst into applause. He has simply been playing catch.
In the clubhouse afterward, Marshall is taking a sip of water and checking his iPhone with his non-throwing hand. He is 22 years old and seems unaware of the show he's just put on. The display is over, just another workout session in a career full of them. Marshall has been in the Yankees organization for five seasons, and has climbed through the team's minor-league ranks at the exact pace you'd want him to. He will likely spend this season in Triple-A Scranton, one stop from the bigs, where guaranteed contracts and the major-league-minimum salary of $490,000 a year, at the very least, await. If he puts up the kind of numbers scouts think he's capable ofdouble-digit wins, with a 4.00 ERA, 175 innings a season, sayhe could well earn $10 million a year or more. He's on the verge of becoming a millionaire and playing for the New York Yankees in front of the entire world. And he knows it could all blow up in a second. You just want your arm to hold up, he says. You have to not think about it. I do not, man. Not at all.
There's something strange about almost every snapshot ever taken of a professional baseball pitcher while he's in his windup or his release: They look grotesque. A pitcher throwing, when you freeze the action mid-movement, does not look dramatically different from a basketball player spraining his ankle or a football player twisting his knee. His arm is almost hideously contorted.
It is an unnatural motion, says former Mets pitcher and current MLB Network analyst Al Leiter, who missed roughly three years of his career with arm injuries. If it were natural, we would all be walking around with our hands above our heads. It's not normal to throw a ball above your head.
Ever since Moneyball, baseball has had just about everything figured it out. General managers know that on-base percentage is more important than batting average, that college players are more reliable draft targets than high-school players, that the sacrifice bunt is typically a waste of an out. The game has never been more closely studied or better understood. And yet, even now, no one seems to have a clue about how to keep pitchers from getting hurt.
Pitchers' health has always been a vital part of the game, but it's arguably never been more important than it is today. In the post-Bonds-McGwire-Sosa era (if not necessarily the post-PED era), pitching is dominant to a degree it hasn't been in years. In the past three seasons, MLB teams scored an average of roughly 4.3 runs per game. The last time the average was anywhere near as low was 1992, at 4.12. In 2000, the heyday of Bonds & Co., it was 5.14. A team with great pitching is, in essence, a great team. Pitchers themselves have never stood to gain, or lose, as much as they do now. The last time scoring was this low, the average baseball salary had reached $1 million for the first time and the minimum salary was $109,000. Now that average salary is $3.2 million. Stay healthy, and you're crazy-rich. Blow out your elbow, and it's back to hoping your high-school team needs a coach.
And yet, for all the increased importance of pitching, pitchers are getting hurt more often than they used to. In 2011, according to research by FanGraphs.com, pitchers spent a total of 14,926 days on the disabled list. In 1999, that number was 13,129. No one is sure why this is happening, or what to do about it, but what is certain is that teams are trying desperately to divine answers to those questions. Figuring out which pitchers are least likely to get hurt and helping pitchers keep from getting hurt is the game's next big mystery to solve, the next market inefficiency to be exploited. The modern baseball industry is brilliant at projecting what players will do on the field. The next task is solving the riddle of how to keep them on it.


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The making of an Islamic Jack the Ripper
When, on the morning of 21 February 2007, a bearded man walked up to a woman and asked 'Why aren't you wearing proper Islamic dress?' he was not looking for an answer. It was just a rhetorical question because, before the woman could respond, he had pumped a bullet into her head which killed her.
The woman – dressed so traditionally that only her face was visible – was Zill-e-Huma, who at the time was addressing a public meeting in her capacity as Social Welfare Minister of Pakistan's largest province, Punjab.
After shooting the Minister, Hafiz Muhammad Sarwar calmly stood his ground, allowed the police to arrest him and said loud and clear: he had killed the Minister because, as a good Muslim, she was supposed to be staying inside her home and not ruling men. The rule of women, said Hafiz Muhammad Sarwar, was anti-Islamic. Women seen outside the home are evil. 'I have killed her out of conviction that she was leading an un-Islamic life and spreading an evil influence on other women.'
He also proudly claimed that in the past five years he had killed twelve prostitutes and seriously injured dozens more for being immoral women: 'One immoral woman will cause one hundred men to go to hell in the hereafter; hence no immoral woman should be left to stay alive.'
The police officers there confirmed that Hafiz Muhammad was a well-known prostitute-killer. When asked what would happen to his children, he replied: 'I am not worried about the future of my children. I have killed the women in line with God's commandments and He will take care of my children.'
The immediate reaction to the murder was this: Pakistan's President, Prime Minister and scores of Ministers and Members of Parliament condemned the murder and pledged 'exemplary' punishment of the killer (which means the hangman's noose). One female Senator, who is a member of General Musharraf's ruling Muslim League, demanded that at least one female relation of the killer be murdered, just like Zill-e-Huma had been murdered. Religious scholars and leaders also condemned the murder, but claimed that a 'foreign hand' (read: India) was behind it. Come sunset, and the electronic media had reduced the whole episode to a one-liner.
Next day, newspapers wrote condemnatory editorials on the murder, but in the same breath added that 'Maulvi Sarwar's murders had nothing to do with his being an Islamic fanatic because he was mentally unsound'. Interestingly, few mentioned that the killer is a _hafiz_ or that 'Muhammad' is a part of his name. A _hafiz_ is a person who has memorized the Qur'an and can recite any part of it from memory. According to Muslim beliefs, on the Day of Judgement a _hafiz_ will not only be given a very high place in Paradise, he will also be allowed to take at least a dozen people with him. A few newspapers rightly called him a _maulvi_, a term used for anyone who has a beard – whether such a person is religious or not is irrelevant. Even Karl Marx is half-seriously spoken of as Maulvi Marx'. But both religious and liberal leaders of Pakistan – male and female – were outraged. The Pakistan Senate held a session in which a joint Government-Opposition statement was issued condemning the use of _maulvi_ for the killer. 'Calling the murderer a _maulvi_ is a conspiracy against Islam!' said the statement.
Who is Hafiz Muhammad Sarwar?
The _hafiz_ is a locksmith who lives with his wife, five daughters and four sons in Baghbanpura, a poor township of Gujranwala, Pakistan's fourth-largest city. He got his education from a _madrassa_ (an Islamic seminary) and graduated as a _hafiz_. Later he earned his living teaching little kids how to read the Qur'an in Arabic.
You cannot separate the _hafiz_ from the city – a place where I was born too. Gujranwala used to be known for its wrestlers, and for sumptuous roasted sparrows and pigeons, until the Islamists conquered it in the late 1980s. Now Gujranwala is known as the most 'Islamic' city of Pakistan. It has given more _jihadis_ and martyrs to the world than any other place in Pakistan. More actors are arrested for immorality in Gujranwala than anywhere else. Theatres and cinemas have almost disappeared from the city. Noted an editorial: 'He was not the only one who was inspired. The city's police and the magistracy equally took part in "acts of piety" by arresting actresses from the city theatres. Only Maulvi Sarwar went further than that.'
It is in Gujranwala that people – Muslims and Christians – have routinely been shot, slashed and burned alive for blasphemy. The victims of blasphemy have been involved in incidents like accidentally dropping the Qur'an. Salamat Masih, the little Christian boy who was given refuge by Germany after a death _fatwa_ was issued against him for insulting the Prophet Muhammad, also belonged to Gujranwala. Gujranwala has so many _jihad_- and piety-related trophies that it is impossible to name them in just one article. Interestingly, the present Minister for Cultural Affairs of Punjab also belongs to Gujranwala; he very reluctantly accepted the portfolio, saying that the very concept of culture is anathema to Islam.
Divine mission
Hafiz Muhammad Sarwar, a Wahhabi by religious persuasion, started his divine mission on the night of 3 November 2002 when he shot Dabbi, a poor prostitute. Within six months he had killed half-a-dozen prostitutes and hurt many more in Lahore and Gujranwala, and came to be known as 'Serial Killer'. At the time of his arrest in 2004 he proudly confessed to having killed 'immoral' prostitutes. His favourite method of attack was to knife or shoot the prostitutes just above the crotch. If they survived the attack they would be paralyzed or permanently disabled (which actually happened).
But he was never punished, because his affluent Islamist friends and patrons took care of the murder witnesses and the relations of the prostitutes, either by paying them the _Shari'a_-sanctioned blood money, or by simply terrorizing them. During his incarceration he was examined by a noted psychiatrist who pronounced him 'normal' but religiously fanatical. Thus, after spending one year in jail, he was a free man. His patrons helped him set up in business as a locksmith, and he enjoyed the reputation of an honest, clean man.
It is interesting to note that no-one, including the women's rights-intoxicated NGOs, came forward to take up the cause of the prostitutes. Why? Because those unfortunate women belonged to extremely poor families, and in Pakistan highlighting the plight of the prostitutes is not a politically correct thing to do. Western-funded NGOs raise Cain over those issues (like AIDS, population control, child labour) that win them space in the Western media; but the real issues – like the epidemic of poverty-caused prostitution, endemic sodomy in the _madrassas_ and incest – are not even touched upon.
Not alone
Hafiz Muhammad Sarwar is certainly an Islamic Jack the Ripper. But he is not alone in his mission. It is the entire Pakistani civil society that has created, nursed and honoured him. And that includes General Musharraf's bogus hocus-pocus of Enlightened Islam. Just to give a couple of examples: within hours of Zill-e-Huma's murder, an independent television channel in Pakistan showed interviews with two young women. Both of them had been raped by men with power and political connections. One was raped 37 times, with three of the rapes carried out in a police station by police officers. Another channel showed a 15-year-old girl who had been gang-raped by five men. She, her parents, relatives and neighbours insisted that the rapists were at large and living in a nearby village, and that the police had refused to take action against them; but the Deputy Speaker of the Province insisted that the rapists were in jail.
On 22 February, English schools and colleges in Pakistan's Northwest Frontier province began to be closed, after Islamists threatened to blow them up because the female students were not wearing veils. A rocket was fired at a girls' school in Quetta. On the same day the Islamists' 'anti-anti-polio' campaign gained new momentum, winning the following comment by an editorialist: 'The report that a cleric in Swat has been telling people not to get their children vaccinated is yet another reminder that there are some areas in the country where clerics have so much sway that they are able to force the local population to live a life more typical of the Dark Ages. Coming on the heels of the murder of a doctor and three health workers recently in Bajaur Agency, who were killed because they were spearheading the polio vaccination campaign there, this episode concerning an anti-vaccination _maulvi_ needs to be dealt with sternly by the Government.'
Way out
The above may sound dispiriting to Pakistan watchers. But Islamists, by and large, while regretting violence against women, claim there is an easy way out. Women should not step out of the home at all. On the evening of 1 March, ATV, Pakistan's official channel, hosted _Wajood-e-Zan_ (Existence of Woman) in which a scholar said: 'A woman who steps out of her home has no fear of Allah!' He also said that women are allowed to take up only those professions where they deal with their own gender alone.
Whatever one may make of the scholar's statement, one must appreciate his candour. That the four walls of the home guarantee security and honour to women is a common belief of the mainstream religious leadership of Pakistan. They are not willing to discuss what will happen to the country if more than half of the population is put in seclusion. They believe that if women are not seen, men will not be provoked at all. But, as my journalist friend Tahir Malik says, sex is not just visual but instinctive: just look at the blind. •
This article is from
the May 2007 issue
of New Internationalist.
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The answer is: Yes. There are only two herbal treatments that are known to be effective in combating acne and green tea is one of them.
In a recent study, a creamy green tea green was combined resolving a benzoyl peroxide 4% in people who suffer with a moderate acne. The results of this research study showed that green tea was so good in treating acne such as benzoyl peroxide.
But benzoyl peroxide dry the skin that cause allergic reactions or irritations older. Unlike green tea that has the advantages of being a perfect natural antibacterial antioxidant.
Green tea also helps reduce inflammation, hormonal activity and aid in detoxification, that good news for those suffering from diseases of acne.
The green tea extract is an extremely versatile herbal supplement, can be administered topically, is also sometimes used orally, taken in the form of a pill or incorporated into your diet and drunk as tea.
This last method is very popular. Green tea is also known as "shin tea" in many cities in china. When used after a meal, it helps digestion and helps to detoxify our system, achieving in this way a release of toxins that can cause acne. Caution: do not have to drink it with sugar, thus neutralize the effects of the successful tea.
It is said that green tea for acne is a win-win disease. It has many beneficial characteristics that will give us good health with little or no known side effects so far. Green tea is without doubt an herbal treatment that is worthy of trying.
article source: acneproblem.ca


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(231) 929-3804
(231) 922-1584 (fax)
24 Hour Helpline (800) 272-3900; TC Office Hours M-F by appointment
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Located by Munson Medical Center. On the corner of 11th Street and Elmwood.


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I now have a Ravelry group for Katherine Vaughan Designs - I'll be moderating discussions of patterns (including helping with questions people have) as well as showing off some of my design and testing process there. If you're a Rav member I'd love to have you join the group! Feel free to grab the button (please download it to your own machine and then upload it, rather than linking to the image here) if you'd like to have it on your blog.
I'm also toying with the idea of sending a survey to everyone who has purchased one of my patterns via Ravelry in the last year. The idea would be to see whether people have made the project that the pattern was purchased for, whether they liked the pattern, whether they would buy another pattern from me, and what kinds of patterns they look for. I might offer some sort of raffle incentive, too. Any thoughts?
New Ravelry Group for Katherine Vaughan DesignsWednesday, February 11, 2009 Posted by KT at 7:35 PM
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Copyright Notice
All content in this blog, including patterns and photos, is the intellectual property of Katherine Vaughan. All rights under US Copyright Law are reserved. Teachers, please direct your students to download/print out their own copies of patterns used in class. You are, of course, welcome to use items knit from any pattern for charity or sale, with the statement "design by Katherine Vaughan" appreciated.


text: Rate increase might plunge Canadians deeper into debt In a fiscal environment characterized by immense activity in the borrowing and mortgage sectors, Canadian consumers are at significant risk of crushing debt if interest rates increase, various observers warned. A significant upward spike in interest would saddle debtors with larger monthly payments, and government officials fear that this development would make it more difficult for people to service their debts. Liberal government officials said that this possibility is the exact reason for income-augmenting measures such as tax breaks and the expanded child-care program. "It's certainly something that you find in the very broad basket of risks that confront the Canadian economy," Liberal MP and House of Commons finance committee member Steven MacKinnon stated, as quoted by Yahoo! Canada Finance. Analysts agreed with the assessment, adding that younger home owners are among the most susceptible should interest rise. "Once interest rates do start to go back up, the very vulnerable borrowers out there will very likely face a certain amount of difficulty in trying to finance those obligations. It's a definite medium-term concern," TD Securities head of global macro strategy David Tulk said. The Bank of Canada said in a report in December that households with debt exceeding 350 per cent of gross income had risen to 8 per cent, up from 4 per cent before the 2008 recession. Latest figures from the Bank of Canada said that the fraction of households with debt-to-income ratios in excess of 350 per cent shot up to 8 per cent, double the number prior to the 2008 crisis. Some analysts argued that this, coupled with predictions of slower economic growth until late 2017, might mean that any rate increase won't be a sharp as feared. "We think the Bank of Canada will move gradually, and therefore it's unlikely [there will] be a shock to the housing market," RBC economist Robert Hogue said. Leave a comment SHARE


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I saw an idea on Pinterest for a mobile for a kid room and figured I could probably make it although I'm not paper crafty at all. I felt very lost in the Scrapbooking store when I went to buy the cardstock. It wasn't hard to make, but it was a lot of cutting and I'm also not very good at cutting inside the lines!
I'd like to make something similar for Rylan's room, but instead of it being a mobile, I'd attach each piece to the wall as 3D art. We'll see when I get around to that!!


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text: Dougie Posted January 21, 2002 I rang my bell pretty damn good yesterday at a CO hare scramble. First time I have ever been knocked out. It was actually kind of cool although I would not want to do it again. It was in the worst whoop section of the first lap right before the check station. Well at least I got 6 miles of riding in. I had tried to time the whoops, jumping two at a time, like I had done in the practice lap. But I had to take a different line from the one in the practice lap because the guy next to me took my line. Dumb mistake. Should have rolled them. Jumped way over the second one and planted the front wheel into the third. That is about all I remember. I don't actually remember hitting the ground. I "woke up" with a guy and a lady over me asking if I was OK? She said I was down for about 2 minutes. The funny thing is, I swear I had a full dream in that two minutes. I tried to roll over but couldn't at first. Then I stood up, felt a little woozy and looked for my bike. It was OK. A little tweaked in the bars but I got them back in line. My helmet was not cracked but had huge scuff marks on the back and side. The rode my bike back to the truck. walked to the ambulance and they checked me over. I had a real bad headache and my shoulder hurt quite a bit. I had to wait around a while then they looked me over again and felt good enough to release me. I was a little groggy but I could remember everything (except how I hit the ground), my BP was good and so were my pupils. After I got home, the stiffness started to set in. From my neck all they way to my butt. come the evening time I could not move my arm or cough or blow my nose. My entire rib cage is sore, I can't lift my right arm more than shoulder height and I have a good size bruise on my forehead that runs down my right temple area. No headaches though which is a good thing. I took a bath and went to the bed. My wife had to pull me out of the bed every time I had to use the bathroom. Didn't sleep much last night. Been in bed all day except to go to the Dr. He took some Xrays and they were all negative. He said I am going to be sore for about a week. Lots of Ibuprofen and heat. My first loss of conciousness as well as my first DNF. Hope they never happen again. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


text: Among the issues that the United Nations and United States can't quite agree upon is the amount of human beings living in the world. The U.N. estimates that we just surpassed the 7 billion world population mark, but if you go by U.S. Census Bureau projections we won't get there until several months from now. [More]


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Mark Moldwin
Available in the Print Edition. Subscribe Here.
Why SETI Is Science and UFOlogy Is Not: A Space Science Perspective on Boundaries
Skeptical Inquirer Volume 28.6, November / December 2004
Understanding the differences between science and pseudoscience is a fundamental critical thinking skill but often isn't as...
Page 1 of 1 pages


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A student gets what she really needs to help her with her studies. By a new writer to us.
By Cliff
Growing up, my Mom managed the Dairy Queen (DQ) in my home town. I played Pop Warner football when I was 12 years old. Normally, we had practice on Mondays after school. One Monday morning, the coach's son let me know his Dad had to make an emergency trip out of town and practiced was cancelled.
Our house was only a few blocks away from school and I got home about 3:15. My mother usually worked until at least 5:30 pm. She did not like phone calls at work and being home early was not anything I needed to let her know about. Shortly after getting home, I was in my room and heard my Mom come through the front door. I started to come out of my room and I could hear she had someone with her.


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Removed Google Analytics
Removed DoubleClick
AdSense is an ad serving application run by Google. Website owners can enroll in the program to enable text, image, and, more recently, video advertisements on their websites. These advertisements are administered by Google and generate revenue on either a per-click or per-impression basis. Google not only offers AdSense for ...
Websites displaying Baidu Ads
Baidu Promote is a pay per click advertising platform that directs traffic to Chinese websites. For web services, Baidu mainly uses its own search page to promote its search related products, social networking products, and platform products.
Baidu is a famous search engine and number one traffic ranked site in China. Baidu predominantly offer searches in Chinese and also offer English searches in partnership with Bing. If you are targeting users in China or your website is having pages in Chinese then it is a great idea to use Baidu custom search box in your site..
The Apache HTTP Server is an open-source HTTP server for modern operating systems including UNIX, Microsoft Windows, Mac OS/X and Netware. The goal of this project is to provide a secure, efficient and extensible server that provides HTTP services observing the current HTTP standards. Apache has been the most popular web server ...
PHP is a widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for Web development and can be embedded into HTML.
The DOCTYPE is a required preamble for HTML5 websites.
Allows a website to define how a page is rendered in Internet Explorer 8, allowing a website to decide to use IE7 style rendering over IE8 rendering.
The website contains Adobe Flash content embeded without the use of JavaScript.
Meta Keywords are a specific type of meta tag that appear in the HTML code of a Web page and help tell search engines what the topic of the page is.
Meta descriptions are HTML attributes that provide concise explanations of the contents of web pages. Meta descriptions are commonly used on search engine result pages (SERPs) to display preview snippets for a given page.
The http-equiv attribute provides an HTTP header for the information/value of the content attribute. The http-equiv attribute can be used to simulate an HTTP response header.


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Parents are often left scratching their heads when considering the various options available to their children over the summer holidays. They want something that's educational, creative, and, above all... FUN. That's where we come in.
The Fun Factory Summer School offers all of the above and more, with two 4-week courses being offered over the summer months.
This year for the first time will will be operating in Mosta on Mondays and Wednesdays from 8.30am till 1.00pm at the Boys' Secondary School and for the first time, we will be launching a new programme at Zabbar Primary on Tuesdays and Thursdays at the same times.
Should it be convenient, parents may enrol their children both sessions at both venues.
These are the dates for this year:
First session - Monday 2 July - Wednesday 25 July 2018
Second session - Monday 20 August - Wednesday 12 September 2018
First session - TUESDAY 3 July - Thursday 26 July 2018
Second session - Tuesday 21 August - Thursday 13 September 2018
The Fun Factory perfectly merges arts and crafts, music and movement, sports activities and even science with developmental drama so that everything is interconnected to a light-hearted production, which students will perform for parents and friends at the end of the month.
Students will spend a solid arts and crafts session designing props and sets which will then be used during the drama segment so that if the students are working on a pirate-themed play, they will design and create their own eye-patches, hats and hooks during the creative part of the morning. Movement and singing will be integrated to give the weekly production a more polished touch.
Fun remains the operative word at The Fun Factory and it's dished out in bucket loads. The concept for The Fun Factory was formed following extremely positive feedback from both teachers and parents of students attending the Helen O'Grady Academy. "The power of developmental drama is huge" explains principal, Alan Montanaro. "And in an age where computer games and technology are eroding our children's childhood, the importance of creativity and interactivity becomes an important consideration".
Fees are €110 per session. There is a 10% discount on the second session when both are booked for the same child. Fees are all inclusive. We also offer a discount for siblings.
Places to The Fun Factory are limited to ensure that each and every child gets the most out of the workshops.


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Oscar Lopez Rivera and the movement he comes out of are described clearly in this article. This is important as the misinformation spewed in the normal media about Oscar is dangerous. The way this piece touches on the issues of state violence and all of our strategies to confront it is crucial for us to understand. Great piece by a magnificent writer!
Honoring Oscar Lopez Rivera — beyond parades, referendums and media myths
Original article at https://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/honoring-oscar-lopez-rivera/
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It was a peaceful day, full of joy and celebration. CBS News affirmed that despite the controversy, over a million people participated in the 2017 National Puerto Rican Day Parade last Sunday. The New York Daily News reported that former political prisoner Oscar Lopez Rivera received "a hero's welcome" at the event (even though the later print edition of the tabloid ran a misleading front-page sidebar falsely suggesting that he was booed along the route). The controversy centered around plans by the parade committee to give Lopez Rivera the title of "National Freedom Hero." In response, the multinational business community, including Coca Cola, AT&T and other corporations, pulled funding and sponsorship from the parade.
Within the diverse and sometimes-divided Puerto Rican community, however, there was little disagreement that Lopez Rivera's attendance at the event was cause for excitement. A beloved and unifying figure, Lopez Rivera — the longest held prisoner in the history of U.S.-Puerto Rican relations, who was commonly referred to as "the Mandela of the Americas" — had recently, finally been freed.
The disconnect between Lopez Rivera's role in Puerto Rico and the diaspora — and how he is mistakenly perceived, even among some progressives, within the United States and elsewhere — showcases both the colonial cultural/political divide between the two peoples, as well as the tremendous organizing involved in his case. Outside of the Puerto Rican community and nation, Lopez Rivera is seen by some as a freedom fighter to be defended at all costs, by others as a misguided advocate of ultra-left armed actions, who nonetheless deserved release on humanitarian and human rights grounds, and by others as a straight-up terrorist.
Among the people of Puerto Rico, though, support for Lopez Rivera is decidedly not a controversial subject. Some surely disagreed with the tactics used decades ago by the organization to which he belonged; others may disagree with one or another of his political positions. But after more than 35 years behind bars, Lopez Rivera is as admired a figure as a top celebrity or artist — appealing to common folks across generational, class and ideological lines. The grassroots campaign built especially over the past 15 years reached every town and village, with ardent support for Oscar's release coming from the pro-statehood mayor of his hometown and the pro-commonwealth Gov. Alejandro Garcia Padilla, who visited Lopez Rivera in prison. An "Oscar in the Street" aspect of his freedom campaign saw life-size cut-outs of his image spread across the island during the last years of his incarceration, and organizing among women's groups, young people and the religious community helped make Lopez Rivera a household name, with hundreds of thousands of petitions signed calling for his unconditional release.
While it is true that the campaign reached unprecedented international proportions for a U.S. political prisoner, with Pope Francis and a half-dozen Nobel Peace laureates joining the pressure campaign on Obama, the re-branding of Lopez Rivera as a "terrorist" by those seeking to disrupt the June 2017 parade raised doubts among some about Lopez Rivera's positions regarding violence and social change. As the recently-elected national co-chair of the pacifist-oriented interfaith Fellowship of Reconciliation and a former chair of the secular nonviolent War Resisters League, I can understand initial concerns and confusion.
Since 1992, however, those involved in the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional, or FALN, and many of the armed groupings of the 1970s have stated that changing conditions warranted changing tactics; some began strongly advocating the use of militant nonviolent direct action (which was widely used in the successful campaign to get the U.S. Navy base out of the Puerto Rican island of Vieques). Although never even accused of any acts of violence, Lopez Rivera himself spoke and speaks repeatedly about his personal devotion to the sanctity of life, and how the only time that has been challenged is when he was a soldier in Vietnam. Even in that chaotic experience, Lopez Rivera is certain there is no blood on his hands.
Yet after it was clear that the FALN were taking a different path than their original tactics — which included largely-symbolic bombings of empty buildings — it has been recently repeated that Lopez Rivera refused a 1999 clemency offer because he was unwilling to renounce violence. Although this refusal is exactly what kept Nelson Mandela in jail for 27 years (convicted of the same "seditious conspiracy" thought crime), and the right to take up arms against crimes against humanity such as colonialism is enshrined in the U.N. Declaration of Human Rights, the 1999 refusal is simply more media misinformation.
When offered clemency under the Clinton administration, Lopez Rivera joined all his co-defendants in pledging (again) that they would neither engage in nor advocate acts of violence — and they have lived up to that agreement in both letter and spirit. Those released in 1999 are peacemakers, coalition-builders and inspiring artists and activists working productively in every region of the island. And Lopez Rivera was not released at that time in large part because he refused to accept the draconian conditions of staying in prison 10 years longer than the rest. He also protested the fact that some among his co-defendants were offered no deal at all.
But there is much more than a simple concern about violence and nonviolence behind the current efforts to discredit Lopez Rivera. Within the War Resisters League and Fellowship of Reconciliation, members were thrilled at the successes of the Oscar campaign and anxious to welcome this man who has said since his release that the movement has "transcended violence." We understand that social change does not take place in a fixed historical moment, that people and movements grow and mature, and certainly that it is the primary job of those of us from the colonizer's side to get out of the way — tactically, strategically and otherwise — of those fighting for their freedom. Self-determination and solidarity is our most important priority.
It is impossible not to notice that those shouting loudest about "terrorist" Oscar Lopez Rivera are also involved in posting physical threats against him and New York City Council Speaker Melissa Mark-Viverito, one of his most vocal and prominent supporters. "The only 21-gun salute they deserve is between the eyes" wrote one blogger: Those are the words of real and contemporary terrorist violence, directed not at an empire or unjust institutional symbols, but against individuals. As usual, the root causes of perpetual violence are quickly overlooked, and institutional militarism (such as interventionist armies or tear gas-wielding police) are rationalized and accepted. "The only terrorist group I was ever a member of," noted Lopez Rivera on his first day of freedom, "was when I was part of the U.S. armed forces in Southeast Asia."
Consistent repression, incrimination, incarceration, black-listing and economic devastation are also acts of state-sponsored terrorism, directed — in the case of Puerto Rico — most intensely at pro-independence advocates. Often led by U.S. intelligence agencies, especially the FBI, those acts would rarely be labeled terrorism, though they have been responsible for more violence and death than any action taken by armed militants. It is terrorism to live in fear of U.S. Navy bombs being tested and dropped on one's homes, but the people of Vieques faced that reality for decades.
Although the "independence option" has always been a third-place loser on the electoral front, there is plenty of evidence that a vast majority of people believe Puerto Rico to still be a colony, unsatisfied with the current status and unconvinced that previous "votes" on the status question have been anything more than a sham, held by and for the non-Puerto Rican overseers in Washington.
The plebiscite held on the same day of the 2017 parade may have seen a majority of votes favoring Puerto Rican statehood, but the big news was that over 78 percent of the eligible voting population stayed away from the polls altogether. Independence advocates, commonwealth supporters, and many others waged a far more successful boycott of the vote than Coca Cola and the corporations waged of the parade.
Since the first moments of his release, Lopez Rivera has been clear that he will use his uniquely unifying position to build towards a trustworthy and legitimate process of decolonization. "First," he carefully explained, "I want to travel to every village and town, to listen to what the people have to say." This first step in the building of his new foundation is straight out of Gandhi's playbook; the noted Indian independence leader traveled through the Asian subcontinent before he formulated detailed strategies for a friendly separation from Britain. "The campaign for my release," Oscar reflected, "was the third of four waves of successful campaigns." The first wave helped free five nationalists, imprisoned in the 1950s and freed under President Jimmy Carter's administration. The second was Bill Clinton's 1999 decision to grant clemency to a dozen Puerto Rican independence activists. The final, according to Lopez Rivera, will be the freeing of the island nation itself.
This is, of course, the real reason the ultra-elite of the island and their U.S. corporate backers hate him so. Lopez Rivera has the possibility of uniting an unprecedented and historical number of people in a decolonization process that will conform to the standards of international law and accepted democratic practice.
In all decolonization processes monitored by the United Nations and international accredited bodies (including the ones led by President Carter), certain conditions are required before a vote can be called legitimate. These include freeing all political prisoners held by the colonizing power, the one condition now almost fully met. Also included is a withdrawal of all colonizing military powers, an idea far from complete, with U.S. bases essentially surrounding the island and the sprawling Roosevelt Roads base taking up a substantial portion of arable land. Although the U.S. armed forces seem ever-present on Puerto Rico (the Marines served as the government of the island for the first years following the 1898 U.S. invasion), the question of outside intervention and its effects on the electoral process can't be overlooked.
It will take some time for Lopez Rivera to complete his homeland tour, as will any true transition process on status. The dire economic situation, with teachers unable to get paid a livable wage and unemployment at record highs, make the fuse on the Puerto Rican time bomb — far more deadly than any 1970s explosive — an incredibly short one.
Meanwhile, in New York for his historic first visit, Lopez Rivera speaks of peace. Honored with a position at the front of the throng of cheering parade-goers, he rode a float designed by Puerto Rican artisans to appear as a scene "by the water's edge" — a reference to the locale the 74-year-old patriot missed most during his close to 36 years behind bars. While he did not accept the "national freedom hero" title that the National Puerto Rican Day Parade committee had wanted to bestow upon him, there was little stopping the outpouring of love and affection for this archetype so beloved by his people. Lopez Rivera noted that he preferred to march as an ordinary Puerto Rican elder and grandfather and to bestow the titled honor on all the people of his homeland and those allies who fight with them for justice and freedom. He, therefore, neither wore the special sash designating him as an honoree, nor marched with the other honored parade grand marshals or dignitaries.
Of course, some in the corporate media — careful to remain faithful to their Trump- and Breitbart-aligned backers — still suggested that there were many who booed Lopez Rivera, a lie easily transparent to any who (like me) walked with his contingent all the way up Fifth Avenue. There were maybe half-a-dozen at most who criticized Oscar along the route. Those same reporters suggested an overwhelming majority of Puerto Ricans back on the island had just voted in favor of statehood, despite the extraordinarily high stay-away rate.
For those of us who have gotten to know Oscar Lopez Rivera, it is hard to escape the feeling that we are in the presence of both a great, transcendent figure — having made and about to make history, and a cherubic grandfather type, sweet and caring and giving of his time and energy. As organizers, however, we know that while it is nice to gain friends and family, it is more important to wage effective campaigns that will end injustice and give us reason to celebrate for more than one sunny Sunday afternoon.
This story was made possible by our members. Become one today.


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There was nothing but good news Sunday if you're a Turlock High basketball player, whether you're Travis Souza, Kayla Schumann or any other Bulldog.
Things could have gone very wrong for Turlock when the Sac-Joaquin Section's playoff committee met to set up the playoff brackets, but when the day was over, the Bulldogs couldn't have been happier.
Schumann and the girls got the No. 8 seed and their home game in Division I, and will host Sheldon (15-10) Thursday. Going into the meeting, the 'Dogs were looking at the No. 9 slot and a road game despite their 23-4 record -- a result of the Central California Conference's mediocre league strength rating.
Turlock's boys, meanwhile, were seeded No. 3 going into the playoff meeting -- and emerged at No. 4. The section power ratings determine the playoffs, but the committee can move teams to correct perceived slights and avoid intra-conference games in the first three rounds.
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With Merced No. 2 in D-I and Turlock third, it meant a potential all-CCC semifinal -- should both teams keep winning.
Turlock hosts No. 13 Vintage (15-10) Friday. A win sends it to the quarterfinals at the University of the Pacific where it would likely face No. 5 Rodriguez (22-5).
Had the 'Dogs (22-5) stayed No. 3, a win likely would have sent them to a quarterfinal against Sheldon -- which many Sacramento observers say is the best team in the section heading into the playoffs.
Instead, Merced would match up with Sheldon should both win their openers.
Modesto Metro Conference champion Davis (23-4) is seeded No. 7, but the playoff committee didn't do any favors by pairing the Spartans with Oak Ridge (16-11). Davis takes an 18-game win streak into Friday's game, but a tall task awaits as Oak Ridge has five players 6-foot-4 or taller.
The Spartans' tallest player is 6-3, and the quality of play in the MMC did little to ready them for the task. Davis is the MMC's only playoff team -- even though more than half the section's teams advanced.
The MMC girls fared better, with champion Modesto and Enochs advancing. Modesto visits McNair and Enochs travels to Pleasant Grove.
The Stanislaus District has 43 teams (20 boys, 23 girls) in the playoffs. The only team to earn a No. 1 seed is Modesto Christian, whose girls top the Division IV bracket, while the girls from Amador (D-IV) and Turlock Christian (D-V) are seeded No. 2 heading into their openers Tuesday night.
The girls' playoffs open tonight: Oakdale hosts Livingston in an out-bracket game featuring 18-8 teams in D-III. Livingston shared the Western Athletic Conference title, but wasn't among the top 16 teams -- so the section pitted the Wolves against No. 16 Oakdale.
The reward for the winner is a trip to St. Mary's (26-1), ranked No. 1 in the country.
The Modesto Christian boys are chasing an 11th consecutive section title -- in three divisions -- and open at the No. 3 slot. The Crusaders were given a soft foe in the opener, Millennium from the lowly Harvest Christian League, and a win would allow them to host Christian Brothers (12-14) or Mariposa (24-3) of the Southern League.
If MC starts 2-0, it will likely get Calaveras (21-6) or Hilmar (19-7) in a semifinal. The top seed, Colfax (22-4), is on the opposite side of the bracket.
In a shift from the past, all teams making the semifinals advance to the Northern California playoffs. Previously, only the finalists advanced.


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...that I maynot be on internet awhile do to two things
Moving and...
I had an accident an broke my nose.
Things happen.
DARN! Blame the eyeglasses. So sorry. Be well....
Ouch! I hate that for you... Get well soon.ReplyDelete
Good grief Toodie! I hope you heal up soon. Sorry this happened to you.
I'm so sorry. Please take good care of yourself.
Another wild night of carousing eh?
Well I hope you heal up quickly and don't be gone too long. I count on you visiting!
Hope the move is easy and quick. Ouch to the nose.ReplyDelete


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Product Details
- beautifully hand made product
- iron
- jute
- nordic
Product description
A simple black chair, made from woven jute that has a homely air. Madam Stoltz products are inspired by Scandinavia and India creating interesting ethnic and minimalist items.
Dimensions: H85 x W52 x D46cm
Questions about the String Dining Chair in Black
Do you have a question about this product?
If your question isn't answered below, drop us an email using the form on the left. We'll respond to you personally by email and may also post the answer here to help others.
We're here to help! Fire away.


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Wellington Rec's Irish Cup adventure ended with a narrow 3-2 defeat by Championship 1 side Harland and Wolff Welders at Tillysburn Park.
Manager Stephen Donald got the improvement he was striving for following that home defeat by Bloomfield, claiming: "It was like chalk and cheese, compared to the week before. We went with a clear plan of 4-1-4-1 and while the Welders saw plenty of the ball, the system worked, they just couldn't break us down. We have to grind results out and we nearly caused a shock."
Wellington snatched the lead on 20 minutes, thanks to Stuart Hilditch's sublime chip. He almost rocked the boat again just minutes later, nodding one just past the post, while Andy Phillips just failed to deliver the pass that would have left Michael Moore with a one-on-one with the Shipyardmen all at sea.
Instead, it was the Welders who showed their mettle on the half-hour with a goal from midfield anchorman Ryan Deans.
Two minutes later, the Welders sailed into the lead, although there was more than a hint of offside as Chris Middleton raced through to beat young Paul Morton.
Scott Todd could have repaired the damage had his effort not zipped the wrong side of the bar, only for the Welders to tighten their grip just before the break courtesy of a Michael McLellan free-kick which took a deflection off Moore.
Gary Smyth's side were kept at bay by Paul Morton before Wellington turned the tide with a Dean Shaw header 20 minutes from time. Rec could have taken the tie into extra-time with Scott Cowie heading just over and Moore and Shaw also going close.
Wellington Rec: P Morton – Nelson, Cahoon (Wilson), S Cowie, Magill – Phillips - Shaw (Paisley), Todd, Moore, Waide – Hilditch (Mannis).
Wellington could welcome back Paul Matthews, signed after the transfer window, for Saturday's Division 1B trip to Grove United.
In the Premier Division, Islandmagee's woes continued with a 9-0 defeat away to Steel and Sons Cup finalists Albert Foundry. New boss Mark Duff was not at the game but is expected to be in the dugout for Ards Rangers on Saturday.
In 1b, there's a derby as UUJ host Rathfern Rangers. In 1c, 18th Newtownabbey OB welcome Dromore Amateurs, while Newington Rangers entertain Saintfield United.


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Make 4 payments of $27.25 over 8 weeks and get it now!In Stock
Meeting, connection and family are all messages here in the cushion. Take some time to know your product so you can enjoy the art in them, who knows it might rub off on your space.
Our feather inners come certified as a humane product.
All inners are biodegradable.
Please add an inner if you require one
All our designs are custom made
Made in India with local craftsmen, and designed in Australia by us.
Get the lodown on the latest happenings with us and special member events


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My blogging friend Noelle has started something wonderful - the Anti Walmart Challenge. Not that I'm against Wal Mart...I haven't ever really shopped at one since they have been drummed out of Ann Arbor every time they propose to build one around here, but I really take issue with their commercials. If you watch any TV at all, you've probably seen one of Wal Mart's recent ads that feature a mom bragging about how she can feed her family on food from Wal Mart on less than $2 a serving. One of the ads is at breakfast time, and the products featured are a sugary yogurt targeted at kids, toaster pastry, and some soy milk. Why soy milk when she's feeding them the neon colored yogurt? The other ad takes place at dinnertime and the meal consists of frozen garlic bread, bagged salad, bottled Wal Mart brand salad dressing and spaghetti. What Noelle has proposed is for food bloggers to post about how cooking from scratch can save money. I really like this idea....plus she is going to donate $2 for every post she gets to Gleaners Food Bank, which helps feed the hungry in the Detroit area. Detroiters really need the help right now...many people out of work, many families are struggling to put food on the table.
I decided to go right for the Walmart jugular and start with spaghetti. Yes, it might take a little less forethought to just use a jar of Walmart sauce and a bag of salad and a bottle of Walmart salad dressing and some frozen garlic bread. With a little forethought, this meal can be made by a working person after a long work day. First, in the morning, get a head start by making my crockpot spaghetti sauce with 4 lbs of ground beef and an additional can of tomato puree. The good news here is that it makes enough for 4 meals, so the rest can be frozen for another 3 days worth of meals. This results in homemade spaghetti that actually has meat in it for $1.17 per serving. Note that I didn't sale shop for these prices - this is just what happened to turn up at Busch's this week. $1.99 per pound isn't a great price for ground beef....you can sometimes get it for $.99 cents/lb in a 5 lb tube which would even make this price even better. I am sure Walmart sells it that way...check it out. Then, serve the spaghetti with home made garlic bread made from a grocery store baguette for $.21 per serving. This price could even be reduced more by baking a frozen bread dough loaf instead of using a baguette from the bakery. Lastly, a salad made from half head of iceberg lettuce, a quarter head of red cabbage and 2 grated carrots, and my son's salad dressing for $.52 per serving.
Without even trying hard, my meal is $1.90 per serving. The hardest part about this venture was tallying up the costs - it certainly wasn't cooking it!


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Everlasting and permanent results attained from Lasik surgery
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Friday, 24 June 2016
Let's Button It - With Crafty Catz Challenge
13 comments:
Fabulous and wonderful card Donna love the colour's and paper you have used have a lovely week endReplyDelete
Dianne xx :)
Great fun card Donna, fab image and love the background design. Hugs Jennifer xxReplyDelete
Hi Donna this is a stunning card the image is amazing. Take care. Hugs JackieReplyDelete
Fabulous card Donna, love the papers and colours, have to admit I'm not a morning person either! have a great week xxReplyDelete
Great project, I like the shimmer of the metallic paper and I like the flowers and buttons.ReplyDelete
Hope you have a great week!
Ha ha! What a fun little card Donna! I love those papers too!ReplyDelete
Dawn xx
Great card, Donna. Love your colors.ReplyDelete
Em xxx
Brilliantly made creation...such a fabulous design...xx {aNNie}ReplyDelete
Fun card!Thank you for joining us at Creative Fingers Challenge.Hope to see you again.ReplyDelete
This is beautiful! Thank you for joining us at Brown Sugar this time. We hope to see you again next time.ReplyDelete
Linda xxx
Brown Sugar DT
Gorgeous card Donna, love the image.ReplyDelete
lovely donna xxReplyDelete


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- Research article
- Open Access
- Open Peer Review
Residual neurotoxicity in ovarian cancer patients in clinical remission after first-line chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel: The Multicenter Italian Trial in Ovarian cancer (MITO-4) retrospective study
- Sandro Pignata1Email author,
- Sabino De Placido2,
- Rosalbino Biamonte3,
- Giovanni Scambia4,
- Giovanni Di Vagno5,
- Giuseppe Colucci6,
- Antonio Febbraro7,
- Marco Marinaccio8,
- Alessandra Vernaglia Lombardi9,
- Luigi Manzione10,
- Giacomo Cartenì11,
- Mario Nardi12,
- Saverio Danese13,
- Maria Rosaria Valerio14,
- Andrea de Matteis15,
- Bruno Massidda16,
- Giampietro Gasparini17,
- Massimo Di Maio18,
- Carmela Pisano1 and
- Francesco Perrone18
© Pignata et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2006
- Received: 13 September 2005
- Accepted: 07 January 2006
- Published: 07 January 2006
Carboplatin/paclitaxel is the chemotherapy of choice for advanced ovarian cancer, both in first line and in platinum-sensitive recurrence. Although a significant proportion of patients have some neurotoxicity during treatment, the long-term outcome of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy has been scantly studied. We retrospectively assessed the prevalence of residual neuropathy in a cohort of patients in clinical remission after first-line carboplatin/paclitaxel for advanced ovarian cancer.
120 patients have been included in this study (101 participating in a multicentre phase III trial evaluating the efficacy of consolidation treatment with topotecan, and 19 treated at the National Cancer Institute of Naples after the end of the trial). All patients received carboplatin (AUC 5) plus paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) every 3 weeks for 6 cycles, completing treatment between 1998 and 2003. Data were collected between May and September 2004. Residual sensory and motor neurotoxicity were coded according to the National Cancer Institute – Common Toxicity Criteria.
55 patients (46%) did not experience any grade of neurological toxicity during chemotherapy and of these none had signs of neuropathy during follow-up. The other 65 patients (54%) had chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity during treatment and follow-up data are available for 60 of them. Fourteen out of 60 patients (23%) referred residual neuropathy at the most recent follow-up visit, after a median follow up of 18 months (range, 7–58 months): 12 patients had grade 1 and 2 patients grade 2 peripheral sensory neuropathy; 3 patients also had grade 1 motor neuropathy. The remaining 46/60 patients (77%) had no residual neuropathy at the moment of interview: recovery from neurotoxicity had occurred in the first 2 months after the end of chemotherapy in 22 (37%), between 2 and 6 months in 15 (25%), or after more than 6 months in 9 patients (15%). Considering all 120 treated patients, there was a 15% probability of persistent neurological toxicity 6 months after the end of chemotherapy.
A significant proportion of patients with advanced ovarian cancer treated with first-line carboplatin/paclitaxel suffer long-term residual neuropathy. This issue should be carefully taken into account before considering re-treatment with the same agents in sensitive recurrent disease.
- Neuropathy
- Paclitaxel
- Carboplatin
- Topotecan
- Ovarian Cancer Patient
The combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel is considered worldwide the standard first-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced ovarian cancer [1–3]. This chemotherapy is highly effective, and about half of the patients show a clinical complete remission after six cycles [1]. Unfortunately, most of these patients experience disease recurrence. A significant proportion of recurring patients, with a platinum-free interval longer than 6–12 months, are classified as platinum-sensitive and are candidates for re-treatment with the same drugs used in first-line [4]. However, the use of carboplatin and paclitaxel to treat recurrent disease may be limited by the risk of cumulative peripheral neurotoxicity, a common side effect of this combination when given as first-line chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. Grade 2–3 sensory toxicity, according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria [5] is reported in about 25% of the patients, and also motor toxicity can be experienced, although less frequently [1–3, 6, 7]. The most common feature of carboplatin/paclitaxel neurotoxicity is sensory distal neuropathy [8]. A mixture of paresthesias and dysesthesias is often prominent, and complaints include burning dysesthesia, numbness, tingling and shooting, typically in a stocking-glove distribution. The peripheral neuropathy related to carboplatin/paclitaxel is due to axonopathy, while motor and autonomic nerves appear to be less affected. Mild weakness is the most common complaint of motor toxicity, generally due to distal motor neuropathy [8].
The occurrence of neurotoxicity may have significant effects on quality of life, and several reliable instruments containing items specifically addressing symptoms related to neurotoxicity have been developed [9, 10]. These instruments have been used in randomized studies comparing cisplatin/paclitaxel versus carboplatin/paclitaxel [1] and docetaxel/carboplatin versus paclitaxel/carboplatin [7].
Despite the attention dedicated to neurotoxicity, the long-term outcome of peripheral neuropathy induced by carboplatin/paclitaxel has not been deeply investigated. In particular, the proportion of platinum-sensitive recurring patients who are candidates for retreatment with the same regimen, but who are at increased risk of cumulative toxicity because of residual neuropathy, has not been evaluated.
In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the prevalence of residual neuropathy in a cohort of ovarian cancer patients in clinical remission following first-line chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel.
Patients included in this analysis received first-line chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer between 1998 and 2003. Most of the patients participated in the Multicenter Italian Trials in Ovarian cancer (MITO)-1 study [11], that was a randomized phase III trial that evaluated the efficacy of consolidation treatment with topotecan in patients responding to first-line chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. At the moment of the present retrospective study (May–September 2004), 101 out of the 273 patients enrolled in the MITO-1 study were in clinical remission and were eligible for the present analysis. Among these patients, 41 had received 4 cycles of topotecan, at the dose of 1.5 mg/sm from day 1 to 5 every 3 weeks, after completion of the 6 cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel, according to the MITO-1 protocol; these patients were not excluded from this analysis because topotecan is not expected to produce significant neurotoxicity. A further group of 19 patients, among those treated at the National Cancer Institute of Naples after the end of the MITO-1 accrual, were in clinical remission at the moment of this study and were eligible for this retrospective study. For all of the 120 patients described above, primary treatment was carboplatin – area under the curve (AUC) 5 – and paclitaxel – 175 mg/sm given in a 3-hour infusion.
This was designed as a retrospective study, so specific approval by the Ethics Committee was not required by the Italian law. Of course, all the patients participating in the MITO-1 trial gave a written informed consent before any study procedure. The other 19 patients received first-line treatment with carboplatin and paclitaxel as part of the standard clinical practice at the National Cancer Institute of Naples.
Information about neurotoxicity experienced by the patients during the treatment was collected from the database of the MITO-1 trial for 101 patients, and from clinical files for the remaining 19 patients treated outside the trial. Residual neurotoxicity was evaluated by the physician and graded according to the NCI-CTC criteria, version 2.0 [5]. According to these criteria, sensory neuropathy is coded as grade 1 (loss of deep tendon reflexes or paresthesia, including tingling, but not interfering with function), grade 2 (objective sensory loss or paresthesia, including tingling, interfering with function, but not interfering with activities of daily living), grade 3 (sensory loss or paresthesia interfering with activities of daily living) or grade 4 (permanent sensory loss that interferes with function). Motor neuropathy is coded as grade 1 (subjective weakness but no objective findings), grade 2 (mild objective weakness interfering with function, but not interfering with activities of daily living), grade 3 (objective weakness interfering with activities of daily living) or grade 4 (paralysis).
Follow-up data were collected between May and September 2004. After performing a clinical examination and an interview, the participating investigators completed a dedicated case report form for each patient, reporting the grade of any residual sensory and/or motor neurotoxicity. Details of pharmacological treatments administered for neuropathy were also collected. For those patients who had experienced neurotoxicity during chemotherapy but had no residual neuropathy at the moment of the interview, the investigator reported the date of resolution of neuropathy, as referred by the patient.
Time to resolution of neuro-toxicity was defined as the interval from the end of chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel to the date of resolution of neuro-toxicity or the date of last follow-up information for patients with residual neuro-toxicity. Time to resolution curve was drawn with the Kaplan-Meier product limit method [12].
Analyses were performed with S-PLUS software (S-PLUS 6.0 Professional, release 1; Insightful Corporation, Seattle, WA, USA).
The median age of the 120 patients included in the study was 56 years (range, 26–72). The median follow-up, defined as the interval between the end of chemotherapy and the date of the interview, was 48 months (range 7–74).
Characteristics of neurological toxicity during or after first-line chemotherapy with carboplatin plus paclitaxel
Neurological toxicity
No. of patients
A. during chemotherapy (n = 120)
No toxicity
At least grade 1 toxicity
Type of toxicity
Sensory, grade 1
Sensory, grade 2
Sensory, grade 3
Motor, grade 1 (combined with sensory)
B. residual toxicity after chemotherapy (n = 60 - 5 patients lost)
No toxicity at the moment of interview
Time to recovery from residual neuropathy
< 2 months after the end of chemotherapy
≥ 2 < 6 months after the end of chemotherapy
≥ 6 months after the end of chemotherapy
At least grade 1 residual toxicity at the moment of interview
Type of residual toxicity
Sensory, grade 1
Sensory, grade 2
Motor, grade 1 (combined with sensory)
No specific pharmacological therapy for neurotoxicity was delivered, with the exception of one patient who received corticosteroids and gabapentin.
In the present retrospective analysis, we explored the prevalence of residual neuropathy in a cohort of patients with advanced ovarian cancer in complete remission after first-line chemotherapy. Our data show that a significant proportion of patients who experience neurological toxicity during treatment with carboplatin and paclitaxel suffer from prolonged residual neuropathy during their progression-free follow-up.
Three randomized studies have compared carboplatin/paclitaxel versus cisplatin/paclitaxel as first-line chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer [1–3]. All these studies showed that carboplatin/paclitaxel induces lower neurotoxicity, with a significant positive impact on quality of life. Based on these results, the combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel is now considered the chemotherapy of choice for ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, about 40% of patients treated with carboplatin and paclitaxel experience grade 1, 21% grade 2 and 6% grade 3 neurotoxicity during treatment [1–3]. The presence of residual neuropathy is an even more important issue after the publication of the ICON-4 study, that showed a survival benefit for platinum-sensitive recurrent patients treated with carboplatin/paclitaxel combination, compared to carboplatin alone [4]. The persistence of residual neuropathy could increase the risk of cumulative toxicity, and limit the use of carboplatin/paclitaxel in the recurrence setting. Furthermore, the debated maintenance strategy, with extended administration of paclitaxel after complete response to first-line chemotherapy, supported by the study of Markman et al. [13], can be seriously limited by the persistence of residual neuropathy.
In our analysis after a median follow-up of 48 months, while none of the patients without neurotoxicity during first-line had signs of neuropathy during follow-up, 23% of patients with chemotherapy-induced neurological toxicity had residual neuropathy. Neuropathy was in most cases sensory, but three cases also had residual weakness related to motor damage. Furthermore, within the group of patients without residual neuropathy at the time of study assessment, a significant proportion had recovery from neuropathy more than 6 months after the end of treatment. It should be noted that probability of long-term persistence of neurotoxicity was not negligible either for patients experiencing moderate to severe toxicity during chemotherapy, or those patients suffering from grade 1 toxicity.
These data suggest that residual neuropathy could affect a proportion of patients higher than believed. Since the patients that experience recurrent disease after more than 6 months from the end of chemotherapy are candidates for re-treatment with carboplatin/paclitaxel [4], it seems important to recommend an accurate assessment of the presence of residual neuropathy before starting re-treatment. Recent data show that treatment with paclitaxel may induce cumulative neurotoxicity in patients with neuropathy during a previous cisplatin-based chemotherapy [14]. The results of the ICON-4 study show that re-treatment with carboplatin and paclitaxel is associated with neurotoxicity grade 2–3 in up to 20% of the patients [4].
Unfortunately, the retrospective nature of our study did not allow an evaluation of the effects of neuropathy on health-related quality of life. This may be an important issue particularly for early stage ovarian cancer patients treated with carboplatin/paclitaxel adjuvant therapy. In the phase III randomized trial performed by the Scottish Gynaecological Cancer Trials Group, comparing the combination of carboplatin and docetaxel with the standard carboplatin/paclitaxel combination, health-related quality of life was one of the secondary end-points of the study [7]. Coherently with the higher incidence of neurotoxicity in the carboplatin/paclitaxel arm, quality of life scores related to neurotoxicity deteriorated more in this arm, and patients treated with carboplatin/paclitaxel reported significantly worse scores for acute, persistent and long-term (6-months after treatment) neurotoxicity. These data, together with our results, emphasize that the risk of residual long-term neuropathy should be weighted with the potential benefit of adding paclitaxel to carboplatin in the re-treatment of these patients.
In our opinion, research in the field of prevention of neurological toxicity is mandatory. Some pharmacological attempts have been done with chemoprotective agents, administered with the aim of minimizing chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity. Conflicting data have been published on the effect of amifostine in preventing carboplatin/paclitaxel neurotoxicity. Although "in vitro" data indicate that amifostine can prevent neurotoxicity [15], clinical data are not so clear [16, 17]. Some findings suggest that acetyl-L-carnitine can have a protective role against paclitaxel/cisplatin neurotoxicity [18]. However, as confirmed by the finding that only one patient in our study received a pharmacological treatment for neurotoxicity, none of these drugs are used in clinical practice.
Our data indicate that a significant proportion of patients treated with first-line chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel have long-term residual neuropathy. This issue should be carefully taken into account before considering a re-treatment with carboplatin and paclitaxel in sensitive recurrent disease.
Participating institutions and coauthors
The authors thank Giuliana Canzanella, Federika Crudele, Fiorella Romano and Marzia Falanga for the help in collecting data.
This work was partially supported by the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC). AIRC is the largest charity working on cancer in Italy, and it did not have any direct role in collection, analysis and presentation of the data for this paper.
Massimo Di Maio is recipient of a Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) fellowship.
Authors' Affiliations
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- The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/6/5/prepub
Pre-publication history
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.