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Seedorf pleased with complete Milan display
Clarence Seedorf was satisfied with all facets of Milan's performance following their comfortable 2-0 win at 10-man Sampdoria on Sunday.
Goals in each half from Adel Taarabt and Adil Rami earned Milan their fourth win in six matches under Seedorf, with Sampdoria seeing Maxi Lopez dismissed in the final 20 minutes for picking up two cautions for dissent in quick succession.
It was one of Milan's best performances of the season and, with Inter drawing 1-1 with Cagliari, leaves them five points behind their rivals in the race for UEFA Europa League qualification.
The Dutchman, who played and scored the last time Milan won in Serie A at Samp back in 2007, was pleased with his side's all-round performance.
"It was a good day for Milan in all aspects, in defence and attack," the Milan coach told Sky Sport Italia.
"The most important thing is that the squad grows, then the results will help us a lot.
"These three points will give us mental strength to take forward.
"We were good and compact and I must also congratulate (Sampdoria coach) Sinisa (Mihajlovic) for how he gets his players to play.
"Our improvement is just a matter of time. We managed to get continuity in our play out on the pitch.
"We now need to take it game by game and then we'll see where we are at the end of the season."


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Armand Munroe, otherwise known as Trésor Munroe in my book, Tarquin Jenkins and the Book of Dreams, poses with a copy in downtown Montreal.
It was not my intention to use real life characters in my book, but when I needed to create a nightclub impresario, he came readily to mind. At the ripe age of 81, Armand is a pillar of the gay community in Montreal. For over 25 years he ran PJs a famous nightclub. GodMother to our son, and life long friends with my wife, Armand is as sharp witted now as when he introduced, and often starred in, the nightly entertainment at the club.

subset: commoncrawl


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UC Davis Center for Integrated Computing and STEM Education
University of California, Davis
2132 Bainer Hall
One Shields Avenue
Davis, CA 95616
Phone: 530-752-9082
Fax: 530-752-4158
Email: info(@)c-stem.ucdavis.edu
For Tech Support, please go to this page.
If you are interested in participating in the C-STEM program to improve K-14 STEM education through integrated learning, making a contribution, collaborating with us, have questions about our program, or provide us with feedback, please contact us using the form below.
For partnership, contact Dr. Harry H. Cheng,C-STEM Center Director and Professor, hhcheng(@)ucdavis.edu, (530) 752-5020.


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As users and lovers of social media, we often get caught up in all of the tools out there–Twitter, Facebook, or as of this week, Google+. But this month's SMC-DC event was all about the often complex art of blogging. We were honored to be joined by Maggie McGary, Online Community and Social Media Manager at ASHA, Amy Ganderson, Associate Director, Digital Marketing at The Nature Conservancy, Simon Owens, Director of PR at JESS3 and Alejandra Owens, Social Communications/Blog Managing Editor at AARP.
So here I go, attempting to implement some of their great tips…
- Create dynamic content. Blogs need to keep people's attention and serve as a resource for lots of information in not a lot of space. The best way to do this is by including links, pictures, videos, whatever–whenever possible. Along with this, create dynamic content that's the right fit for each of the outlets you share the blog post through. Or in other (Alejandra's) words, "auto-feeds are just bad." Don't put on your Facebook the same blog teaser you put in a tweet–different audiences connect with different styled language, and when/if those audiences overlap, they'll think it's annoying that all your content is cookie-cutter.
- Lay some ground rules. Developed a social media and blogging guidelines for your company. It will not only help later on down the line in terms of logistics, avoiding people saying things they shouldn't, etc.–but will also help you to figure out what your goal is exactly with the blog and keep you in line with achieving it. If you need inspiration, check out AARP's social media guidelines.
- Keep people coming back by offering them 'themed' content. So for example, at Cool Green Science at The Nature Conservancy, they have one post that goes out each morning with the top five must-read articles in environmentalism. They also have a Nature Photo of the Week. These kinds of themes not only make it easier to focus on putting out enough content, they also give people something to look forward to next time if they found that post valuable.
- Learn from some of the great's–but also maintain your own unique voice. Along with the blogs by the panelists themselves, some others mentioned include: Ebay Ink , the OKCupid blog OKTrends, and Treehugger.
- Prepare for disappointment by keeping expectations low. Sometimes you can plan and plan, but the end product just isn't what you were expecting. Expect that it may happen and never expect lots of views to your blog in its infancy. Even if your company possesses enough of a reputation to bring more eyes to your blog doesn't mean they will stay to hang around and read it if it's not very good…yet.
Like most things in life, the panelists seemed to always come back to the idea that blogging is about finding a balance. For instance, you've got to balance SEO-friendliness with unique, original content. Having blog posts that include the words people would use to find it is important–but you can't always live on Google Insights, constantly making sure your blog post is SEO-friendly. You have to make sure it's people-friendly too, and that it's reflective of the author and interesting enough for the reader. As Simon points out, well-written content is the best SEO you can have, because the better it is, the more it will be shared and the more views it will get, making it rise higher in the search ranking jungle out there. And it is a jungle out there.
What company, nonprofit or agency blogs out there do you think are doin' it right?


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After completing a BA in History and an MA in Modern History at the University of York, Jed Fazakarley studied for a D. Phil. in History at Balliol College, Oxford, in 2010-4. His thesis, entitled "Muslim Communities in England, 1962-92: Multiculturalism and Political Identity", provided a fresh perspective upon ethnic politics in post-war Britain and upon the place of Muslim communities within it. Building from considerations of English Muslim integration in British education, employment, social services and party politics, the thesis presented British multiculturalism as an approach to politics and government that posited discrete communities, variously defined on the basis of "race", ethnicity, national origins, and religion, and made special provisions for them in light of their supposed "special needs". Dispensing with traditional periodisations into phases of assimilation, integration, multiculturalism and anti-racism, the thesis suggested a relative stable approach based on the pragmatic accommodation of difference in the service ultimately of integration. Since coming to TORCH in January 2015 as an Andrew W. Mellon Post-doctoral Research Fellow in History, Dr Fazakarley has been revising his doctoral thesis for publication as a monograph, and beginning work on a new project concerning the simultaneous expression of ties to homeland and country of residence by Indian diaspora organisations in twentieth century Britain.
"Race as a Separate Sphere in British Government: from the Colonial Office to Municipal Anti-racism", Callaloo 39: 1 (Winter, 2016), pp. 185-202.
"Multiculturalism's Categories and Transnational Ties: the Bangladeshi Campaign for Independence in Britain, 1971", Immigrants & Minorities 34: 1 (January 2016), pp. 49-69.
"British Multiculturalism: an Emerging Field for Historians" in Sam Wiseman ed., Assembling Identities (Newcastle : Cambridge Scholars, 2014), pp. 85-98.
"Racisms 'Old' and 'New' at Handsworth, 1985", University of Sussex Journal of Contemporary History 13 (2010).


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The Department of Mines and Petroleum (DMP) has adopted a second government goal of social and environmental responsibility in its revised strategic plan.
The strategic plan is part of the department's planning framework and represents a three-year rolling plan of DMP's strategies across all business areas.
DMP is committed to reviewing the strategic plan annually to ensure that it continues to be forward looking, innovative and adaptive in its management of a responsible resources sector.
DMP has adopted a second government goal of 'social and environmental responsibility', to acknowledge the growing importance of these issues in relation to the resources sector.
This is in addition to its existing goal of financial and economic responsibility.
With increasing levels of community interest in resource projects, particularly in relation to environmental and land access issues, involving all our stakeholders is crucial when planning and developing policies and programs.
The strategic plan, titled 'Our Plan for Success to 2019' is part of the department's planning framework and represents a three-year rolling plan of DMP's strategies across all business areas.
Our Plan for Success to 2019


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Just Listed in Heather Village Condominiums 6425 Green Village Circle Culver City CA
A savvy,out-of state homeowner found us online looking for "Los Angeles discount realtor". He sold several properties in the past and did not want to pay 6 or 5% commission. Upon initial 15 minute phone conversation where we discussed marketing strategies for this property and time frame for selling we emailed him a comprehensive market analysis of all recently sold condominiums in Heather Village and he signed a 6 month listing agreement with 1% listing and 2.5% buyers agent commission!
We are proud to present to you LARGEST FLOOR PLAN in the Complex!! Conveniently located in the resort-like Heather Village complex with its lush grounds & abundant amenities including 3 swimming pools, spa, saunas, tennis courts, fitness center, & spacious clubhouse with ping pong and pool table, this inviting and light second floor unit is a wonderful find in Culver City. Upon entry you are welcomed by an open & airy floor. Step out onto the oversized enclosed patio facing the pool and you realize it is perfect for relaxation or entertaining. The fully-equipped kitchen opens to the living room & open bar and features tiled counters & floors, gas stove, & contemporary cabinets with elegant hardware. The full guest bath features tiled flooring & modern vanity, & both bedrooms are good-size with mirrored closets & oversized windows. The master bedroom has exceptional closet space plus an attached tiled bath. Basic cable, gas, water, & trash included with the homeowners dues & unit comes with 2 separate parking spaces (549 & 101)


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Thursday, March 9, 2017
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1/3 large fresh corn-on-the-cob
3 pieces of water chestnuts – finely diced
10 strings of fine French beans – finely diced
1 small red onion (about 60g) – minced
½ cup normal breadcrumb/ panko crumb (Japanese breadcrumb)
2 ½ tbsp cornflour
1 large egg (lightly beaten)
2 tsp cooking oil
1 tsp salt
¾ tsp sugar
¼ tsp paprika (optional)
Dash of pepper
- Put chicken breast, sweet corns, water chestnuts, fine French beans and red onion into a mixing bowl and combine well. Add in breadcrumb and cornflour to the mixture.
- Add in egg, seasoning and oil. Stir in one direction until the batter is well distributed.
- Heat a little oil in a non-stick pan. Drop1 tablespoonful of batter into the pan and flatten slightly with a spatula/ fork. Lower heat and cook for 2-3 minutes on each side or until golden brown. Cook the patties in batches.
- Transfer patties to a serving plate lined with kitchen paper.


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Discussion of " Responding to the Challenges of Engineering Practice by Adolph J. Ackerman"
See related content
by Raphael G. Kazmann, (F.ASCE), Prof. of Civ. Engrg.; Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, La.,
Serial Information: Issues in Engineering: Journal of Professional Activities, 1981, Vol. 107, Issue 1, Pg. 72-72
Document Type: Discussion & Closure
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
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Discount TaylorMade Golf Drivers
When you want a driver that offers greater distance and accuracy look to TaylorMade. TaylorMade drivers are the #1 driver on professional tours across the globe. For over 30 years, they have built a brand name that is trusted by golfers who are passionate about the game. From R1 to the SLDR driver, TaylorMade never fails to impress.
At Hurricane Golf, we know you want the best money can buy. Your dollar goes further when you buy from us. We can offer you the name-brand drivers, direct from the manufacturers and pro-shop overstocks, at discounted prices. Don't settle for average, when you can have the best for less.
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I am back. I am sure you are wondering where I went. I will tell you. I have been living in the lap of 'country-house luxury' in Waterford followed by the lap of 'beach-house luxury' in Wexford for the past week. And long may the Irish sunshine last as never before have I experienced such good weather, good moods and an Ireland full of happy holiday makers.
I didn't do much cooking, it was mostly barbeques, salads and a bowl of spaghetti here and there, but what a welcome break from the school run, the routine of uniforms, homework and school lunches.
The freckle count is at an all time high and everyone slept well every day after hot sunshine, cool sea breezes and toasted marshmallows by the fire. Perfect.
My kitchen re-opens tomorrow with a communion cake required for the weekend and I obtained an amazing carrot cupcake recipe which will have to be tried.
Its good to be back, I hope you are all well.


text: Ruckus in assembly over assaults on Kashmiri students, Giriraj's anti-muslim remark Oppn stages walkout, Veeri assures prompt action KNS By : Waseem Ramzan | Srinagar, Publication Date: Thursday, February 8, 2018 4:29:40 PM | Updated Date : Thursday, February 8, 2018 4:29:40 PMJammu, Feb 08 (KNS): The proceedings in the assembly here on Thursday started with a massive protest against the assault on a Kashmiri student by a group of goons in Haryana and the statement of a BJP MP against Muslims. According to the KNS correspondent, raising the issue, the opposition members holding banners in their hands reading "Stop harassing J&K students and businessman outside the State". NC MLA from Khanyar Ali Mohammad Sagar and CPI(M) secretary M Y Tarigami demanded the passing of a resolution to demand Prime Ministers' intervention on repeated attempts of assaults on Kashmiri students and businessmen outside the State. The members also shouting slogans "Qatil sarkar hai hai, Giriraj hai hai, Lagaam do Lagaam do, Giriraj ko Lagaam do" went into the well of the house and amid pandemonium walked out in protest. The members were not satisfied with the reply of Parliamentary affairs minister Abdul Rahman Veeri and demanded a statement with an assurance from Chief Minister Mehbooba Mufti on continuing assaults against Kashmiri students and businessmen outside the State and the statement of a BJP MP in which he has denied the right to settlement to Muslims in India. Veeri in his statement of clarification told the House "Chief Minister is serious about the issues and the matter has been already taken up with the concerned state and central governments. We are pursuing the issues very promptly. The NC MLA from Khanyar Ali Mohammad Sagar while talking to reporters outside the assembly said BJP MP Giriraj has said that Muslims have no right to live in India and we demanded condemnation of the BJP MP's statement through a resolution by the house but speaker disallowed the resolution. According to the KNS correspondent, talking to reporters outside the assembly, NC MLA from Nagrota Devender Singh Rana said "the hatred between Hindu's and Muslims in Jammu is being spread by people of disintegrating tendencies and this has to be stopped. Peace in Kashmir is yet to be restored as government is clueless about the anger brewing up among youth for the last three years". CPI (M) Secretary M Y Tarigami said the Prime Minister didn't utter even a single word over the continuing assaults on Kashmiri students and businessman and the highly objectionable statement of the BJP MP Giriraj questioning the right of Muslims to live in the country. He said "the government's silence and particularly of the Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the chief Minister Mehbooba Mufti is a tragedy. We Wanted to condemn the assaults on Kashmiri students and Giriraj's statement questioning the right of Muslims to live in India. (KNS)


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Gold Coast Morib International Resort
Your family holiday destination, this resort is located at PT. 294, Kawasan Kanchong Laut, Mukim Morib, 42700 Banting, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Malaysia.
For information and reservation, please call:
Tel : +603 3198 1028/1051 Fax: +603 3198 1055
or email firstname.lastname@example.com / firstname.lastname@example.com
Gold Coast Morib International Resort is located along the majestic seafront of the Straits of Melaka in Kuala Langat, the nearest sandy beach at the southern end of Selangor.
The name Kuala Langat originated from its position at the estuary of Sungai Langat. 'Air Langat' means luke warm water in the Minangkabau dialect. Initial traders who used this river as their trade route found the river water at the estuary constantly warm. Some say the selangat fish caught from this river strengthened the rationale behind the name.
Kuala Langat District is known for its beautiful beaches, especially Morib Beach. Morib Beach, loacted 15km away from Bandar Banting, is the perfect retreat for holiday makers and campers. Hotels, golf courses, rest houses and other basic amenities such as food stalls are readily available.
Less than 1 1/2 hours drive from Kuala Lumpur, the resort offers calm and tranquility, a place to relax, rejuvenate, and away from the hustle and bustle of the city.
The 14-acres resort with beautiful mangroves and coastal scenery offers 672 well designed rooms range from Studio Suite with private jacuzzi, 2 and 3 rooms apartments and penthouse.
Happy holiday.


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What a homecoming!
I have been saving this post so that it starts as I arrive home from our Caribbean cruise.
The November/December 2016 Holiday issue of Quiltmaker Magazine is chock full of beautiful quilts and projects, including a bonus pack of 12 holiday blocks featured in the 100 blocks by 100 designers issues, destined to inspire you to pull out those red and green fabrics and sew yourself into a holiday frenzy.
What will you find inside the Novermber/December 2016 issue?


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On October 28th my brother and I set out on a Bike ride from his house to Superior WI. Our plan was to take the Gandy Dancer Trail from Milltown to Superior. We brought gear to camp and food to eat. The bikes were geared up and ready to go.
Here is the Google tour that goes over the bike route.(Google Earth Plugin is Required)
Day One – To Danbury
We set out on the Gandy Dancer Trail
It is a nice limestone trail that runs from St. Croix to Danbury.
Originally we thought it was a nice bike trail all of the way up to Superior.
We were wrong. It turns to crap at Danbury.
A nice river bridge over the Yellow River
We ended up camping a ways down on the Gandy Dancer after Danbury. It was a pretty cold night. I bet it was in the neighborhood of 30.
In the morning our bikes had a healthy layer of frost.
Day Two – Danbury to Superior
Since the Gandy Dancer was a rough four-wheeler trail from Danbury to Superior we decided to take highway 35 up to Superior.
Highway 35 is a state highway that runs on the Wisconsin side. It is pretty nice road.
It was about 40 and flurries on the way up. Sun would have been great, but it was better than rain.
We stopped at the Drydock in Chaffey to warm up.
Day Three – Superior
We decided to take a two night break in Superior and rest up.
After a night of camping, and being next to a hotel. It seemed pretty silly to not stay in a hotel.
During our time we biked to Grandma's saloon and had dinner with our niece Allison.
Day Four – Duluth – Moose Lake
We decided to take the Willard Munger Trail back.
It is a nice paved trail from Duluth to Hinckley.
Stopping to change into Rain gear
There is a really nice rail bridge over the St. Louis River.
There is a fantastic Sausage shop in Mahtowa
The Cheddar Wurst is fantastic.
We stayed over night in Moose Lake at the Moose Lake Hotel.
Day Five – Moose Lake – Hinckley
The next day was pretty short and ended at about 1:00pm
Mom picked us up at Grand Casino Hinckley.
Overall it was a nice ride. It was too bad that the Gandy Dancer Trail was not able to take us all of way up.
It would have been possible to take 77 over to Hinckley from Danbury and then we could have taken the Willard Munger there and back.
Maybe next time…


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Use the form on the right to contact us.
You can edit the text in this area, and change where the contact form on the right submits to, by entering edit mode using the modes on the bottom right.
511 Yates Road
Kelowna, BC, V1V 2X2
A podcast based out of British Columbia dedicated to hunting, fishing, wildlife conservation and the great outdoors.
See where we've been hunting, the animals we've harvested and what we've been up to on our Instagram page.


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The planetary positions have great significance in the lives of all of us. The considerable influence of these planets plays an important role in our lives. All planets have distinct characteristics, both positive and negative, which help in controlling or governing the movements of our lives.
The astrological thesis describes Saturn as a serpent, whose mouth or head is Rahu and ketu is its tail. If ketu is posited in earlier houses than Saturn, the latter becomes the great benefic for the native. However if the position is otherwise, the Saturn throws poisonous results on the native.Further,Saturn never gives malefic effects if posited in houses of Jupiter 2nd ,5th ,9th or 12th whereas Jupiter provides bad results if posited in the house of Saturn. Saturn is considered good in houses 2nd ,3rd ,7th and the 12th houses whereas 1st ,4th ,5th and 6th houses are bad for Saturn .Sun ,Moon and Mars are its enemies,venus,mercury and Rahu are friends and Jupiter and Ketu are neutral to it. Saturn gets exalted in 7th house and the first house is the house of its debilitation. Venus and Jupiter placed in a single house acts like Saturn in that house. In the former case Saturn behaves like ketu, while in the latter case it behaves like Rahu.
Venus gets destroyed if Saturn is being aspected by the sun in any horoscope. The aspect of Venus on Saturn causes loss of money and wealth, but the aspect of Saturn on Venus proves highly beneficial. Collision of Saturn and moon causes operation of the eyes of the native. Saturn gives good results if posited in house earlier than sun.
Saturn can never give malefic results if posited with sun or Jupiter in a single house, but highly adverse result would follow if posited with moon and mars in any house. When Saturn is in between Rahu and Ketu in previous and later house. Saturn in third house deprives the native of the accumulation of cash money and kills the children of the native when posited in 5th house and 10th house is empty. It becomes highly benefic in 12th house if friendly planets are posited in the 2nd house. Saturn provides very good results if placed in houses 1st to 7th house on the condition that 10th house is empty. Saturn in 1st house and sun in the 7th, 10th or 11th houses cause all sorts of troubles for native's wife. Combination of Mars and Saturn gives adverse results all through.


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That said, I did get through the basic single-player campaign today. Having never played the game before, I was pleasantly surprised. The puzzles were nothing too special, but they were still quite fun, although there were some points where having another person play with you would make things work much more smoothly than switching back and forth. Having played the single-player mode of Four Swords Adventures on the GameCube, this did surprise me a little, but left me with no real trouble. I just wish I could play the game with Paul.
Where the game truly shines, though, is the "Realm of Memories": this new section riffs on The Legend of Zelda, Link's Awakening, and A Link to the Past in a fun and great way. The puzzles are also more challenging here (still nothing too brain-breaking; this is a Zelda game, after all), and personally, more fun. I'm nowhere near being finished with the game--I do want to find all the treasures in all the areas, and unlock as many techniques as I can!--but I can see myself coming back to it even after I complete it.


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Hey Beauties!
Mascara is one product that I use everyday and I really don't feel ready or even awake without a few slicks on top of my tired lashes.
Max Factor mascaras are something that get slightly overlooked in my opinion, with more attention seemingly being given to brands like Maybelline.
Max Factor have released quite a few products lately and I have been enjoying trying them out, none more so than their *Masterpiece Transform Mascara*.
Read on to see what I thought!
What They Say
This revolutionary new mascara instantly creates darker, bigger and more dramatic lashes thanks to the new instant impact wand.
This small brush captures and volumises every lash effortlessly, with rows of rotating bristles ensuring that every lash is brushed through, captured and coated.
This all results in thicker and fuller lashes!
What I Say
I like the packaging of this mascara, the black and gold colours give a certain luxe feel which I love.
This mascara has a plastic bristle wand that is really flexible so does a good job of getting into those inner corners, making for a more even application.
I found that this product gave my lashes lots of volume without clumping or going spidery on me and also gave some length so it makes a good day to night mascara in my opinion.
At the end of the day, this mascara was easy enough to remove with my usual micellar water and didn't crumble or flake onto my face during the day which is certainly a plus.
Having said that, if you like to layer your mascara or prefer a more defined and separated lash look then this wouldn't really be for you.
So I would recommend this mascara but only to those that want a fuss-free mascara that applies in only one coat to give volumised lashes mainly.
Check it out guys!
Before + After using this mascara :)
The Max Factor Masterpiece Transform Mascara is available in Boots and Superdrug.
What do you think?
What's your favourite mascara?
Stay Beautiful! xoxo
*PR Sample


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Featuring a finely detailed hardwood book urn in solid Mahogany with a beautiful laser engraved border on the front. This beautiful urn will last for generations. Bottom opening plate (as book is standing) attaches with screws.
The book urn is so detailed it looks like there are actual pages between the back and front covers. See the detail picture below:
Click images for larger size.
This urn can be engraved on the front and/or spine. We can engrave four lines on the front of the urn but please limit engraving to only two lines on the spine of the urn. Engraving on the spine usually runs vertical, from the top of the book to the bottom of the book, like a book title. However, engraving position on the spine is left up to the engraver. If you want more engraving, please call for a price quote. Please limit engraving to no more than 35 spaces per line. Check engraving information to be sure spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and dates are correct. Engraving will be done exactly as submitted. If you would like to see an engraving proof prior to the urn being engraved, there is an extra charge of $15 for each proof.
Click image for larger size.
Adult: 8 1/2" W x 3 3/4" D x 11 1/4" H
200 Cubic inches
Usually ships in 4 - 5 business days, even for expedited orders. Ships from the West Coast.
Made in the USA.
Memorial Urns
2950 Newmarket St. Ste 101, # 205


text:
Dr Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli
- Madlyn Edwards
- 3 years ago
- Views:
1 D.Kesavaraja 1, R.Balasubramanian 2 and D.Sasireka 3 1 Lecturer, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dr Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur 2 Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 3 Lecturer, Department of Information Technology PSN College of Engineering and Technology, Tirunelveli ABSTRACT Cloud Data Servers is the novel approach for providing secure service to e-business.millions of users are surfing the Cloud for various purposes, therefore they need highly safe and persistent services. Usually hackers target particular Operating Systems or a Particular Controller. Inspiteof several ongoing researches Conventional Web Servers and its Intrusion Detection System might not be able to detect such attacks. So we implement a Cloud Data Server with Session Controller Architecture using Redundancy and Disconnected Data Access Mechanism. In this paper, we generate the hash code using MD5 algorithm. With the help of which we can circumvent even the attacks, which are undefined by traditional Systems.we implement Cloud Data Sever using Java and Hash Code backup Management using My SQL. Here we Implement AES Algorithm for providing more Security for the hash Code. The CDS using the Virtual Controller controls and monitors the Connections and modifications of the page so as to prevent malicious users from hacking the website. In the proposed approach an activity analyzer takes care of intimating the administrator about possible intrusions and the counter measures required to tackle them. The efficiency ratio of our approach is 98.21% compared with similar approaches. KEY WORDS Distributed Computing, Cloud, Virtual Controller, Security, Web Servers, Intrusion Tolerance, Persistent Web Service, MD5 Algorithm, AES Encryption. 1. INTRODUCTION With the tremendous growth of Web-based services and sensitive information on web, Web security is getting more important than ever. Web Based Applications has become essential in everyday life. People use the Cloud to work, to exchange information, to make purchases, etc. This growth of the Cloud use has unfortunately been accompanied by a growth of malicious activity in the Cloud. More and more vulnerabilities are discovered, and nearly every day, new security advisories are published. Potential attackers are very numerous, even if they represent only a very small proportion among the hundreds of millions of Cloud users and clients /ijdms
2 The problem is thus particularly tricky: on one hand, the development of the Cloud allows complex and sophisticated services to be offered, and on the other hand, these services offer to the attacker many new weaknesses and vulnerabilities to exploit. The complexity of current computer systems has been causing an immense number of vulnerabilities. The number of cyber-attacks has been growing making computer security as a whole an important research challenge. 2. INTRUSION TOLERANCE Database can be defined as the capability of a system to provide reliable service even after an intrusion attack has taken place or has affected a part of a system. Clients Servers Fig 1 Intrusion Tolerance Fig-2 gives the detailed structure intrusion taken place at one server and other servers taking care of service providing. A dependable system [1] is defined as one that is able to deliver a service that can justifiably be trusted. Attributes of dependability include availability (readiness for correct service), reliability (continuity of correct service), confidentiality (prevention of unauthorized disclosure of information), and integrity (the absence of improper system state alterations). Security is the concurrent existence of 1) Availability 2) Confidentiality 3) Integrity 2.1. HTTP Web Server Distributed Data backups are managed by Web Server and provide a reliable service to the user. Redundancy is used to increase system availability. Most attacks take advantage of specific vulnerabilities in a particular OS, controller, or hardware platform, they are, in general, ineffective on others. So, the deployment of a redundant data management Web servers (hardware/os/virtual Controller ) should allow the system to continue providing acceptable service to users, even if parts of the system are corrupted. The Web servers provide the same services but run different platforms. 45
3 CLOUD Different Data Backups C D VWS S VIRTUAL C O N T R O L E R Database Data Server 3 (DB2) Data Server 1 (Oracle) Data Server 2 (MS SQL) Fig 2 Distributed Web Server Architecture Fig-2 gives the detailed structure of CDS and how the virtual controller is connected with the CDS Cloud Data Sever CDS CLOUD AES RIT Web Tool Data Server - 1 Data Server - 2 Virtual Data Server - 3 Hash Web MD5 Code Gene rator DB Controller Report Report Gen Fig 3 Cloud Data Server Fig-3 gives the detailed structure and working of the CDS. 46
4 Cloud Data Server provides service taking care of security and persistent availability required for a web service. When the CDS gets a HTTP request, instead of immediately providing the HTTP response it holds the request and connects to the virtual controller.when the virtual controller is connected, the CDS is cut off from the cloud. After the Agreement protocol is satisfied the virtual controller is cut off and the HTTP response is sent to the user from the CDS. Thus the controller were the hash code resides is segregated from the cloud during the agreement protocol process ensuring inability to hack the system Virtual Controller The Virtual Controller is used to monitor the web server and analyse its status. If any failure occurs, based on the level of failure it generates an alarm to the administrator.this process should be done through the following algorithm 1. Monitor Web Servers at every Second as well as every Request 2. Store the Data s about the failure 3. If Failure Occurs, automatically it will take remedy based on Agreement Protocol or Change and Response Protocol. It will create an report in Control sender and analyse the failure rate 4. If Failure-Rate < TH L, Save the report in Cloud Server 5. Else If TH L < Failure-Rate < TH U, Save the report in Cloud Server and Send a beep alert to the Controller. 6. Else If Failure-Rate > TH U, Save the report in Cloud Server and Send an Higher beep alert to the Controller Hash Code Generator [ Md5 ] An MD5 hash is typically expressed as a 32 digit Hexadecimal number. MD5 consists of 64 of these operations, grouped in four rounds of 16 operations. F is a nonlinear function; one function is used in each round. Mi denotes a 32-bit block of the message input, and Ki denotes a 32-bit constant, different for each operation.<<<s denotes a left bit rotation by s places; s varies for each operation. Denote addition modulo Web Pages MD5 Hash DB Fig 4 MD5 Hash Code Generation Fig-4 describes the implementation of MD5 Algorithm in hash code generation and storage Agreement Protocol 47
5 Agreement protocol ensures that reliable service is provided to the users by Hash code mechanism and virtual controller. It is used to provide a Continual and Safe Service to the user. Its algorithm is as follows: 1. CDS reads the http request 2. Holds the request and disconnects the cloud. 3. Controller is connected with the CDS. 4. CDS checks the Hash Code, Generated by the controller for sub server 1 along with the already stored hash code in the database. 5. If a Match Occurs, Then the controller is disconnected and http response is sent to the user by connecting to the cloud 6. If Match Fails then step 4 is repeated for sub server 2, and the controller starts replacing the affected file with the original file 7. If Match Fails then step 4 is repeated for sub server 3. and the controller starts replacing the affected file with the original file 8. If Match fails then System is rebooted Change And Response Protocol The Protocol ensures that the controller checks the web servers periodically or at a specified time based upon traffic flow to ensure that no intrusion has affected the servers.its algorithm is as follows: 1. When the Traffic flow is very low the cloud is disconnected. 2. Controller is connected with the CDS. 3. CDS checks the Hash Code, Generated by the controller for sub server 1, 2, 3 along with the already stored hash code in the database. 4. If a Match Occurs, Then the controller is disconnected and cloud is activated. 5. If Match Fails then, the controller starts replacing the affected file with the original file AES Algorithm AES algorithm ensures that the hash code is encrypted in a highly secure manner. AES has a fixed block size of 128 bits and uses a key size of 128 in this paper. Its algorithm is as follows: 1. Key Expansion 2. Initial Round 3. Add Round Key 4. Rounds 48
6 5. Sub Bytes a non-linear substitution step where each byte is replaced with another according to a lookup table. 6. Shift Rows a transposition step where each row of the state is shifted cyclically a certain number of steps. 7. Mix Columns a mixing operation which operates on the columns of the state, combining the four bytes in each column 8. Add Round Key each byte of the state is combined with the round key; each round key is derived from the cipher key using a key schedule. 9. Final Round (no Mix Columns) 10. Sub Bytes 11. Shift Rows 12. Add Round Key 2.3. Data Base Manager - DBM Database Manager Monitors the activity of Virtual Controller and performs the following operations 1. Activity Analysis 2. Alarm Generation 3. Primary Sub Server Selection 4. Pictorial Status Representation The Intrusion Manager includes the following steps: A CRP monitor receives an alert Sub Server S is corrupted and sends a vote request to the AP module. 2 The vote finishes with a consensus on the corruption of S. 3 The vote result is broadcast to all Sub Servers. 4 The AP module sends a request to the Server manager to generate the list of countermeasures to react to this intrusion. 5 The countermeasures list is broadcast to all Sub Servers. 6 The Virtual Controller sends to the specific module the orders to isolate S and to change the current regime. The Virtual Controller also changes the CRP frequency. 7 The Alarm generator receives the alert notification sent by S after its regime change. 49
7 Activity Analysis The DBM records the information for various activities taking place in the CDS and analyses this information to provide an activity analysis.some of the activities that are monitored are as follows: HTTP Request : 1. Date of Request 2. Time of Request 3. Content Type 4. Web Page Requested 5. Session Time 6. Status of Request 7. Status of Response 8. Intrusion Activity 9. Infected Sub Server 10. Infected Web Page 11. Frequency of Attacks 12. Reliability of Server Alarm Generation Based upon the activity analysis the status of alarm is decided and corresponding alarm is aroused. Example: If the Failure rate <TH L higher level alarm is raised to intimate the administrator for necessary actions Primary Sub Server Selection The Activity Analysis Process rates the Sub Servers into the following types Trust worthy High Priority Suspected Corrupted - Medium Priority - Low Priority The Primary Sub Server Selector selects the Primary Sub Server based on the priority and Load balance.the Priority of a server is decided based upon the following formula: Initial State of Sub Servers AS(X) =0 - Trust Worthy (1) When the first Alert occur the system moves to the suspected states AS(X) +=Awi(x) Suspected (2) It remains in the suspected state until the following condition satisfies AS(X) =Awi(X) > TC- Corrupted (3) 50
8 When the condition fails the system moves to the corrupted state and the system is rebooted after which it moves back to trust worthy state. AS(X) : alert level of Sub Server X Awi : weight of alert i for Alert i AS(X)+=Awi (x) SUSPECTE D Alert i CA(X)=Awi(X)<T C Alert i CA(X)=Awi(X)> TC AS(X) =0 TRUST WORT REBOOT AS(X):alert level of Sub Server X Awi:weight of alert I for component X TC:Threshold AS(X)+= Awi(X) CORRU PTED Fig 6 State Management Fig 6 shows the transformation of a sub server to various states. 3. IMPLEMENTATION This CDS is implemented Using Java and My SQL as a backend. It provides a reliable and highly secure Service to the user.the Architecture is distributed thus providing continual Secure Service to all clients CDS Server Fig 7 Snapshot of CDS Server Fig-7 shows the snapshot of CDS server displaying the information about the request. 3.2 CDS Web Service Fig 8 CDS Web Service Fig-8 shows a sample webpage provided as a service by the CDS server. 51
9 3.3. CDS Activity Analysis Fig 9 CDS Activity Analysis Fig-9 shows the Activity Analysis of the CDS Server on a particular instance. Sample webpage provided as a service by the CDS server CDS Alarm Generation Fig 10 CDS Alarm Generation Fig-10 shows an Alarm generated at a particular instance when a server has been infected CDS Pictorial Representation Fig 11 CDS Pictorial Representation Fig-11 shows the pictorial representation of the Activity analysis based upon information stored at a point of time. 4. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS Performance analysis for CDS was performed considering the following four factors. 52
10 4.1. Time Complexity Sl No TABLE 1 TIME COMPLEXITY ANALYSIS Name of the Web page Page Size (MB) Web Server (ns) Web Server (ns) Web Server (ns) Table 1 shows the time taken for loading the various pages using different web servers. Fig 13 Time Complexity Analysis Fig-13 shows the time taken for loading the various pages using different web servers pictorially Persistent service Availability Persistent service Availability lies between 0 to 1. It is been measured using Rank Correlation by the relation between web servers. TABLE 2 PERSISTENT SERVICE AVAILABILITY Sl No Name of the Web page Persistent service Availability (Rank Correlation ) Average Delay Time Average Speed 1 Cloud Data Server Http Web Server Java Web Server
11 Table 2 shows the Persistent service Availability of various servers. r-rank Correlation d-differences in Rank N-Number of Servers (4) Using the formula (4) Rank correlation is calculated. The Value of r= Algorithm Performances MD5 Algorithm is the one of the powerful algorithm to generate hash code [1]. AES Algorithm is the one of the most secure encryption algorithm [6]. 5. APPLICATIONS It can be applied in areas were continual secure service is required. Example E-Business, Online Shopping and Online Share Trading, Auction and, It can also be applied in areas were continual reliable service is required. Example Cash Transaction, Online Shopping and E-Governance A recent Survey during November 2009 predicts that around 698 websites have vanished due to improper security features. Using CDS the security provided increases in large fold. 6. FUTURE WORK In this paper the Emerald [5] tool has been used to stop malicious scripts intruding and causing damage. Usage of Tools like Emerald requires constant up gradation to stop new way of attacks. In the future a mechanism can be developed for stopping the same without External tool. 7. CONCLUSION CDS server was tested against standard webs servers in order to rate it. From the analysis it has been found that CDS Server stands unique in providing safe and persistent service to the user compared to the other web servers. A new mechanism named disconnected data access has been introduced to provide increased security. MD5 and AES algorithms used for creating hash codes and encrypting them is the best algorithm for the Process. The virtual controller increases the reliability for using disconnected method. The Activity Analyser helps the administrator time to time in knowing about the intrusion caused and its counter measures. Our Project is efficient to a mark of 98.21% comparing others. REFERENCES [1] THE DESIGN OF A GENERIC INTRUSION TOLERANT ARCHITECTURE FOR WEB SERVERS By Ayda Saidane, Vincent Nicomette, And Yves Deswarte, Member, IEEE, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEPENDABLE AND SECURE COMPUTING, VOL. 6, NO. 1, JANUARY- MARCH 2009 [2] DATA FUSION AND COST MINIMIZATION FOR INTRUSION DETECTION By Devi Parikh, Student Member, IEEE, and Tsuhan Chen, Fellow, IEEE, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY, VOL. 3, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER
12 [3] AN ARCHITECTURE FOR AN ADAPTIVE INTRUSION-TOLERANT SERVER By Alfonso Valdes, Magnus Almgren, Steven Cheung, Yves Deswarte,Bruno Dutertre, Joshua Levy, Hassen Sadi, Victoria Stavridou, and Tomas E. Uribe [4] GRAPHICAL INFERENCES FOR MULTIPLE INTRUSION DETECTION By Tung Le, Student Member, IEEE, and Christoforos N.Hadjicostis, Senior Member, IEEE [5] RANDOM-FOREST-BASED NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS By Jiong Zhang, Mohammad Zulkernine, and Anwar Haque [6] William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security Principles and Practices, Third Edition, Prentice Hall, [7] Java 2: The Complete Reference, Patrick Naughton and Herbert Schildt, Tata McGraw Hill, [8] The Java Language Specification, 2nd ed, JamesGosling, Bill Joy, Guy Steele & Gilad Bracha, Sun Microsystems, [9] ISS X-Force - [10] CERT - Carnegie Mellon University's Computer Emergency Response Team. [11] MD5 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Authors D.Kesavaraja has completed his B.E Degree from the Department of Computer Science And Engineering from, Jayaraj Annapackiam CSI College of Engineering, Nazareth, Under Anna University, and Chennai in He is currently pursuing the Masters in computer science and engineering at Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli.He is a co-author of a book titled Fundamentals of Computing and Programming,ISBN He is currently working as a Lecturer at the Department of Computer Science And Engineering, in Dr Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering. His research interests include Intrusion Detection, Web Development and Cloud Computing. R.Balasubramanian received his B.E [Hons] degree in Computer Science and Engineering, from Bharathidhasan University in the year He completed his M.E, degree in Computer Science and Engineering, from Regional Engineering College Tiruchy in Bharathidhasan University in the year 1992.He is currently an Associate Professor in the department of Computer Science and Engineering at Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli. He has a total of 20 years of Teaching Experience, out of which 18 years lie into research in the field of Digital Image Processing and Computing. Currently, he is pursuing his Doctorate from Manonmaniam Sundaranar University; Tirunelveli in the field of Digital Image Processing.He has published papers in 20 National Level Journals and many National and International Level Conferences. He has also coordinated and guided many research and PG Projects in the University.He is a co-author of the book titled Computer Networks, ISBN # X. D.Sasireka has completed her B.Tech Degree from the Department of Information Technology from, Dr Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur, Under Anna University, and Chennai in She is currently pursuing the Masters in Information Technology at Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli.She is currently working as a Lecturer at the Department of Information Technology in PSN College of Engineering Technology Melathedioor, Tirunelveli.. Her research interests include Intrusion Detection and Network Security. 55
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(The most perfect dessert from a wonderful bakery/cafe called "Bread and Chocolate")
As Thanksgiving is swiftly bearing down on us, I thought I would hail its many gravy boats and gooey marshmallow yam dishes, praise buttery mashed potato peaks and liberal dollops of fresh cranberry sauce that gleam like jelly garnets. But I'm not engaging in run-on sentences just to rant about the sanctioned sweet gluttony of this coming Thursday, though, believe me, I could go on for paragraphs about how my grandma's dinner rolls maintain the perfect ratio between airy fluff and warm substance. . . I want to talk about food as a potentially defining aspect of character identity.
For example, who can think of Charles Dickens's Miss Havisham without shuddering at her petrified wedding cake, the symbol of her ruin and lost hopes? Who can imagine Gollum without his repulsive penchant for gnashing raw and wriggling fish? Food can also function as a driving force in your character's life; in the manga/anime Kekkaishi, Yoshimora is obsessed with making the perfect cake for a girl who once almost lost her life because of him. Food can also define a place. I must confess that I still harbor a secret hope that when I die, heaven has a welcome feast at Redwall Abbey (Long have I dreamed of their nut-crusted cheeses and berry cordials)!
I'm not saying that you should randomly insert your characters's most loved and loathed dishes, but I do think that food can sometimes act as a lens for insight into your characters. In my own life, there are dishes that uniquely define my identity, scents and tastes that now belong to the secrets of the past. For many Thanksgivings, I didn't eat turkey. My Mom lived in Spain for almost two years in her twenties and learned how to create several dishes, including paella. Thanksgiving in my family meant the sizzling of shrimp and the sweet juice of scallops mixed with peas, vegetables, and brown rice (though I always picked out the red peppers. I detest peppers). But my mother passed away and foolishly, I never learned how to make paella her way. So I will always nurse a tiny sorrow on Thanksgiving even as I treasure the memory of lost spices and flavors.
Have a great Thanksgiving, fellow denizens of Earth! In the words of a friend, "Be good to each other."


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5 October 2000
5 October 2000 Two leading fertility experts in the UK have said that they would like to apply for permission to employ the same technique used to create and select baby Adam Nash in a test-tube to be a stem cell donor for his sister. Adam was born recently in the United States after many of his test-tube siblings had been discarded as part of the selection process. Paul Serhal, medical director of the in vitro fertilisation unit at University College Hospital in London, and Simon Fishell, director of the Centres for Assisted Reproduction at Park Hospital in Nottingham, England, are both reported to have expressed support for the procedure. Fertility clinics in Belgium and Germany are also said to be interested in employing the technique. Meanwhile Vivienne Nathanson, head of the British Medical Association's ethics committee, said that pre-implantation genetic diagnosis should only be used to test for 'genetic disorders' and not for any positive traits, including tissue that could be suitable for donation. She insisted: "You have to draw a line between the two." [The Times, Independent and Daily Mail, 5 October] A British couple whose only daughter died last year as a result of a bonfire accident, leaving them with four sons, are planning to use the new Human Rights Act to demand the right to create and select a female child using in vitro fertilisation and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Alan and Louise Masterton claim that their family does not feel complete without a daughter, but that use of PGD could enable them to "create the female dimension again". All five British fertility clinics licensed to screen embryos have declined to help the couple, and the Catholic Church as well as pro-life groups have condemned their request. [The Daily Telegraph, 5 October] A French cabinet minister yesterday published a bill which would liberalise abortion laws. Martine Aubry's bill would extend the legal time-limit from 10 to 12 weeks, allow minors to obtain abortions without their parents' permission, and abolish the current ban on abortion advertising and information campaigns. President Jacques Chirac has said that the extension of the time-limit was acceptable, although he added that cases in which minors could obtain abortions without parental consent should be the exception rather than the rule. [AP, Nando Times, 4 October] The French National Assembly was today expected to debate a private member's bill which would officially allow the morning-after pill to be sold without a doctor's prescription and to be given to minors without parental consent. The government is supporting the bill, while opposition parties have allowed their members a free vote. The move comes after the Council of State last year struck down a decision by Ségolène Royal, the deputy education minister, to authorise school nurses to hand out the Norlevo morning-after pill to pupils. At present, the sale of morning-after pills over the counter from pharmacists without a doctor's prescription is already tolerated in France. [AFP, 4 October, from Pro-Life E-News; AP, Nando Times, 4 October] The International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), based in London, has repaid a sum of 700,000 dollars in US aid after it was discovered that they had given the money to two affiliated organisations in India and Uganda which engage in abortion-related activities. Congress has stipulated that recipients of US aid must cease abortion activities as a condition of funding. The disclosure was made in a report by the US General Accounting Office (GAO), which had been asked to carry out an audit of IPPF by the US Senate's foreign relations committee. Marc Thiessen, a spokesman for the committee, said that the news demonstrated IPPF's untrustworthiness. He claimed that IPPF repaid the money only days before the GAO arrived to carry out the audit, and added that the fact that no action had been taken on the part of the US Agency for International Development "makes it clear that current family-planning restrictions are little more than administrative window dressing". [Washington Times, 6 October] The Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines has said that any woman who takes the RU-486 abortion pill, or any similar drug, is automatically excommunicated. Abortion in most cases is illegal in the Philippines but Alberto Romualdez, the country's health secretary, had said that the drug could possibly be licensed for sale on the basis that it can act as a contraceptive. Several legislators have since signalled their intention to draft bills explicitly banning the drug, and Monsignor Pedro Quitorio, spokesman for the Catholic bishops, said yesterday that use of the pill meant "ipso facto excommunication". Francisco Tatad, majority leader in the Philippine senate, said that the abortion pill was the "lowest point in the history of human society". [Zenit news agency, 4 October; AFP, 4 October, from Pro-Life E-News]


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Alice W. Campbell
Digital Outreach and Special Projects Librarian
(804) 828-7934
James Branch Cabell Library
- M.S. Library Science, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
- M.A. Art History, University of Virginia
- B.A. Religion, Mary Washington College
Previous professional experience
- Digital Initiatives Archivist, Special Collections and Archives, VCU Libraries, 2014-15
- Digital Collections Specialist, Special Collections, Virginia Tech Libraries, 2012-2013
- Cataloger, Researcher and Curator, The Texas Collection, Baylor University Libraries, 2010-2012
- Children's Librarian, Adult Reference Assistant, Central Rappahannock Regional Library System, 2005-2006; 2007-2008
- Adjunct Instructor, University of San Diego, 1993
- Reference Librarian, University of San Diego, 1993
Selected presentations
- Campbell, A. and Paul, C. (2018). The Social Welfare History Image Portal: Reinventing the Vertical File. Project briefing presented at the Coalition for Networked Information Membership Meeting, Fall 2017.
- Campbell, A. and McDaniel, E. (2015). Omeka without pictures: creating the Comic Book Index. Digital poster session presented at the Virginia Chapter of the Association of College & Research Libraries.
- Campbell, A. (2015). Editing Wikipedia. Presented at ALTfest, Academic Learning Transformation Festival.
- Campbell, A. (2015). Telling stories in time and virtual space. Presented at VCU Libraries Digital Pragmata Brown-Bag.
- Campbell, A. (2015). A sense of occasion: the anniversary effect and the success of VCU Libraries' Freedom Now Project. Presented at The Virginia Forum.
- Campbell, A. (2013). What can you do with a book? Picture books as interactive technology. Presented at Virginia Library Association Paraprofessional Forum.
- Campbell, A. and Wilson, J. (2013). Believe me your own...bringing Alex and Fanny to life online. Presented at Central Louisiana Civil War Round Table, Alexandria Library Association.
- Campbell, A. (2013) Believe me your own: Letters from the battlefield to Fanny from Alex (1861-1865). Project manager, researcher and curator of online exhibit.
- Campbell, A. (2011). The morning traffic report: Using Google analytics to move beyond counting hits. Presented at Phoenix Group Staff Development Day, Denton, TX.
Selected projects and exhibits
- Campbell A. (2017). The Social Welfare History Image Portal. Project manager, researcher, and curator.
- Campbell, A. (2016). Encampment for Citizenship: Education for Democratic Living.
- Campbell, A. and Bonis, R. (2016). James Branch Cabell, Man of Letters and Libraries
- Campbell, A., Chenault, W. and Bonis, R. (2015). Tom Robbins: An Imaginative Life.
- Campbell, A. (2015). Gods and Prophets, Sages and Saints: Religious Imagination in Popular Culture.
- Campbell, A. (2015). History in Your Hands: Contraception and Family Planning.
- Campbell, A. (2015). History in Your Hands: Wonder Woman Edition.
- Campbell, A. (2015). History in Your Hands: Abraham Jakob Lewin Family.
- Campbell, A. (2014). Freedom Now Project. Project manager, researcher and curator.
- Campbell, A. (2013) Believe me your own: Letters from the battlefield to Fanny from Alex (1861-1865). Project manager, researcher and curator.


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Ravioli is an Italian pasta shaped like squares or circles and stuffed with fillings before cooking. Most are familiar with meat raviolis, but there are unlimited versions of ravioli, including vegetarian kinds such as pumpkin ravioli. It is a food with a long history that started before ravioli pasta machines were available. Raviolis made by hand are still delicious and easy to do.
Place 3 cups of flour in a mixing bowl. Add 4 eggs and 1 tsp. of salt to the flour. Mix it all together. This can be done by hand or by an electric mixer with a dough hook. Add the oil a little at a time and keep mixing until you have a ball of dough. Turn the ball of dough onto a floured surface. Cover with a mixing bowl and allow the dough to rest for about 20 minutes.
Divide the dough in half and set aside half for a few minutes. Roll out the first half on the floured surface with a rolling pin. The dough will be sticky so sprinkle with a little flour as you go when it sticks to the rolling pin. Roll the dough until it is paper thin.
Cut circles or squares from the dough with a ravioli cutter. Lay the circles or squares aside. Continue until all the dough is used. Throw cutting scraps into the second half of dough while working on the first half. Knead the scraps and second half of the pasta dough together and repeat the rolling and cutting process with it.
Stir one egg yolk in a small bowl. Take approximately 1 tsp. of filling and place it on top of one cut ravioli in the center so that there is still and edge of dough surrounding the filling. Brush this dough edge with the egg yolk. Place another cut ravioli on top of the piece with filling. Crimp the edges together all the way around the ravioli sealing the filling inside. The egg yolk acts as a glue to help hold them together. Continue process until all raviolis are made. Cook by the desired method.
The top of a drinking glass or a round biscuit cutter can be used if a ravioli cutter is not available.
Make sure edges are sealed properly or the filling will leak out during cooking.
Avoid overstuffing the raviolis so the edges won't pop open while cooking.