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Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form, such as electricity, using wind turbines. At the end of 2007, worldwide capacity of wind-powered generators was 94.1 gigawatts.[1] Although wind produces only about 1% of world-wide electricity use,[2] it is growing rapidly, increasing more than fivefold globally between 2000 and 2007.[1] In several countries it has achieved relatively high levels of penetration, accounting for approximately 19% of electricity production in Denmark, 9% in Spain and Portugal, and 6% in Germany and the Republic of Ireland in 2007.
Wind energy has historically been used directly to propel sailing ships or converted into mechanical energy for pumping water or grinding grain, but the principal application of wind power today is the generation of electricity. Large scale wind farms are typically connected to the local electric power transmission network, with smaller turbines being used to provide electricity to isolated locations. Utility companies increasingly buy back surplus electricity produced by small domestic turbines. Wind energy as a power source is favoured by many environmentalists as an alternative to fossil fuels, as it is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, and produces lower greenhouse gas emissions, although the construction of wind farms is not universally welcomed due to their visual impact and other effects on the environment. The intermittency of wind seldom creates problems when using wind power to supply a low proportion of total demand. Where wind is to be used for a moderate fraction of demand, additional costs for compensation of intermittency are considered to be modest.[3]
History Edit
- Main article: History of wind power
Humans have been using wind power for at least 5,500 years to propel sailboats and sailing ships, and architects have used wind-driven natural ventilation in buildings since similarly ancient times. The use of wind to provide mechanical power came somewhat later in antiquity.
The Babylonian emperor Hammurabi planned to use wind power for his ambitious irrigation project in the 17th century BC.[4] An early historical reference to a rudimentary windmill was used to power an organ in the 1st century AD.[5] The first practical windmills were later built in Sistan, Afghanistan, from the 7th century. These were vertical-axle windmills, which had long vertical driveshafts with rectangle shaped blades.[6] Made of six to twelve sails covered in reed matting or cloth material, these windmills were used to grind corn and draw up water, and were used in the gristmilling and sugarcane industries.[7] Horizontal-axle windmills were later used extensively in Northwestern Europe to grind flour beginning in the 1180s, and many Dutch windmills still exist.[8]
In the United States, the development of the "water-pumping windmill" was the major factor in allowing the farming and ranching of vast areas of North America, which were otherwise devoid of readily accessible water. They contributed to the expansion of rail transport systems throughout the world, by pumping water from wells to supply the needs of the steam locomotives of those early times.[9] The multi-bladed wind turbine atop a lattice tower made of wood or steel was, for many years, a fixture of the landscape throughout rural America.
The American Charles F. Brush is often credited with being the first person to produce electricity using a wind powerd machine, however, Brush first used his wind turbine during the winter of 1887, and in July of that year, a Scottish academic, Professor James Blyth, had been undertaking similar experiments which culminated in a UK patent in 1891.[10] Blyth's 33 foot high, cloth-sailed wind turbine was installed in the garden of his holiday cottage at Marykirk in Scotland and was used to charge accumulators developed by the Frenchman Camille Alphonse Faure, to power the lighting in the cottage,[10] thus making it the first house in the world to have its electricity supplied by wind power.[11] Blyth offered the surplus electricity to the people of Marykirk for lighting the main street, however, they turned down the offer as they thought electricity was "the work of the devil."[10] Although he later built a wind machine to supply emergency power to the local Lunatic Asylum, Infirmary and Dispensary of Montrose the invention never really caught on as the technology was not considered to be economically viable.[10]
In the 1890's a Dane, Poul la Cour, constructed wind turbines to generate electricity, which was then used to produce hydrogen.[10]
The first modern wind turbines were built in the early 1980s, although more efficient designs are still being developed.
Wind energy Edit
- For more details on this topic, see Wind.
The Earth is unevenly heated by the sun resulting in the poles receiving less energy from the sun than the equator does. Also, the dry land heats up (and cools down) more quickly than the seas do. The differential heating drives a global atmospheric convection system reaching from the Earth's surface to the stratosphere which acts as a virtual ceiling. Most of the energy stored in these wind movements can be found at high altitudes where continuous wind speeds of over 160 km/h (100 mph) occur. Eventually, the wind energy is converted through friction into diffuse heat throughout the Earth's surface and the atmosphere.
The total amount of economically extractable power available from the wind is considerably more than present human power use from all sources.[12] An estimated 72 TW of wind power on the Earth potentially can be commercially viable,[13] compared to about 15 TW average global power consumption from all sources in 2005. Not all the energy of the wind flowing past a given point can be recovered (see Betz' law).
Distribution of wind speed Edit
The strength of wind varies, and an average value for a given location does not alone indicate the amount of energy a wind turbine could produce there. To assess the frequency of wind speeds at a particular location, a probability distribution function is often fit to the observed data. Different locations will have different wind speed distributions. The Rayleigh model closely mirrors the actual distribution of hourly wind speeds at many locations.
Because so much power is generated by higher windspeed, much of the energy comes in short bursts. The 2002 Lee Ranch sample is telling;[14] half of the energy available arrived in just 15% of the operating time. The consequence is that wind energy from a particular turbine or wind farm does not have as consistent an output as fuel-fired power plants; utilities that use wind power provide power from starting existing generation for times when the wind is weak thus wind power is primarily a fuel saver rather than a capacity saver. Making wind power more consistent requires that various existing technologies and methods be extended in particular the use of stronger inter regional transmission to link widely distributed wind farms since the average variability is much less; the use of hydro storage and demand-side energy management.[15]
Electricity Generation Edit
Grid management system Edit
Electricity generated by a wind farm is normally fed into the national electric power transmission network. Individual turbines are interconnected with a medium voltage (usually 34.5 kV) power collection system and communications network. At a substation, this medium-voltage electrical current is increased in voltage with a transformer for connection to the high voltage transmission system. The surplus power produced by domestic microgenerators can, in some jurisdictions, be fed back into the network and sold back to the utility company, producing a retail credit for the consumer to offset their energy costs.[16][17]
Induction generators, often used for wind power projects, require reactive power for excitation, so substations used in wind-power collection systems include substantial capacitor banks for power factor correction. Different types of wind turbine generators behave differently during transmission grid disturbances, so extensive modelling of the dynamic electromechanical characteristics of a new wind farm is required by transmission system operators to ensure predictable stable behaviour during system faults (see: Low voltage ride through). In particular, induction generators cannot support the system voltage during faults, unlike steam or hydro turbine-driven synchronous generators (however properly matched power factor correction capacitors along with electronic control of resonance can support induction generation without grid). Doubly-fed machines, or wind turbines with solid-state converters between the turbine generator and the collector system, have generally more desirable properties for grid interconnection. Transmission systems operators will supply a wind farm developer with a grid code to specify the requirements for interconnection to the transmission grid. This will include power factor, constancy of frequency and dynamic behaviour of the wind farm turbines during a system fault.[18][19]
Capacity factor Edit
Since wind speed is not constant, a wind farm's annual energy production is never as much as the sum of the generator nameplate ratings multiplied by the total hours in a year. The ratio of actual productivity in a year to this theoretical maximum is called the capacity factor. Typical capacity factors are 20-40%, with values at the upper end of the range in particularly favourable sites.[20][21] For example, a 1 megawatt turbine with a capacity factor of 35% will not produce 8,760 megawatt-hours in a year (1x24x365), but only 0.35x24x365 = 3,066 MWh, averaging to 0.35 MW. Online data is available for some locations and the capacity factor can be calculated from the yearly output.[22][23]
Unlike fueled generating plants, the capacity factor is limited by the inherent properties of wind. Capacity factors of other types of power plant are based mostly on fuel cost, with a small amount of downtime for maintenance. Nuclear plants have low incremental fuel cost, and so are run at full output and achieve a 90% capacity factor.[24] Plants with higher fuel cost are throttled back to follow load. Gas turbine plants using natural gas as fuel may be very expensive to operate and may be run only to meet peak power demand. A gas turbine plant may have an annual capacity factor of 5-25% due to relatively high energy production cost.
According to a 2007 Stanford University study published in the Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, interconnecting ten or more wind farms allows 33 to 47% of the total energy produced to be used as reliable, baseload electric power, as long as minimum criteria are met for wind speed and turbine height.[25][26]
Intermittency and penetration limits Edit
- Main article: Intermittent Power Sources
Electricity generated from wind power can be highly variable at several different timescales: from hour to hour, daily, and seasonally. Annual variation also exists, but is not as significant. Because instantaneous electrical generation and consumption must remain in balance to maintain grid stability, this variability can present substantial challenges to incorporating large amounts of wind power into a grid system. Intermittency and the non-dispatchable nature of wind energy production can raise costs for regulation, incremental operating reserve, and (at high penetration levels) could require an increase in the already existing energy demand management, load shedding, or storage solutions or system interconnection with HVDC cables. At low levels of wind penetration, fluctuations in load and allowance for failure of large generating units requires reserve capacity that can also regulate for variability of wind generation.
A series of detailed modelling studies which looked at the Europe wide adoption of renewable energy and interlinking power grids using HVDC cables, indicates that the entire power usage could come from renewables, with 70% total energy from wind at the same sort of costs or lower than at present. Intermittency would be dealt with, according to this model, by a combination of geographic dispersion to de-link weather system effects, and the ability of HVDC to shift power from windy areas to non-windy areas.[27][28]
Pumped-storage hydroelectricity or other forms of grid energy storage can store energy developed by high-wind periods and release it when needed.[29] Stored energy increases the economic value of wind energy since it can be shifted to displace higher cost generation during peak demand periods. The potential revenue from this arbitrage can offset the cost and losses of storage; the cost of storage may add 25% to the cost of any wind energy stored, but it is not envisaged that this would apply to a large proportion of wind energy generated. Thus the 2 GW Dinorwig pumped storage plant adds costs to nuclear energy in the UK for which it was built, but not to all the power produced from the 30 or so GW of nuclear plants in the UK.
In particular geographic regions, peak wind speeds may not coincide with peak demand for electrical power. In California and Texas, for example, hot days in summer may have low wind speed and high electrical demand due to air conditioning. Some utilities subsidize the purchase of geothermal heat pumps by their customers, to reduce electricity demand during the summer months by making air conditioning up to 70% more efficient;[30] widespread adoption of this technology would better match electricity demand to wind availability in areas with hot summers and low summer winds. Geothermal heat pumps also allow renewable electricity from wind to displace natural gas and heating oil for central heating during winter, when winds tend to be stronger in many areas. Another option is to interconnect widely dispersed geographic areas with a relatively cheap and efficient HVDC "SuperGrid". In the USA it is estimated that to upgrade the transmission system to take in planned or potential renewables would cost at least $60 billion[31]. Total annual US power consumption in 2006 was 4 thousand billion kilowatt hours. [32] Over an asset life of 40 years and low cost utility investment grade funding, the cost of $60 billion investment would be about 5% p.a. ie $3 billion p.a. Dividing by total power used gives an increased unit cost of around $3,000,000,000 x 100 / 4,000 x 1 exp9 = 0.075 cent / kWh.
According to a 2007 Stanford University study published in the Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, interconnecting ten or more wind farms allows 33 to 47% of the total energy produced to be used as reliable, baseload electric power, as long as minimum criteria are met for wind speed and turbine height.[25][26]
In the UK, demand for electricity is higher in winter than in summer, and so are wind speeds.[33][34][35] Solar power tends to be complementary to wind.[36][37] On daily to weekly timescales, high pressure areas tend to bring clear skies and low surface winds, whereas low pressure areas tend to be windier and cloudier. On seasonal timescales, solar energy typically peaks in summer, whereas in many areas wind energy is lower in summer and higher in winter. Thus the intermittencies of wind and solar power tend to cancel each other somewhat. A demonstration project at the Massachusetts Maritime Academy shows the effect.[38] The Institute for Solar Energy Supply Technology of the University of Kassel pilot-tested a combined power plant linking solar, wind, biogas and hydrostorage to provide load-following power around the clock, entirely from renewable sources.[39]
A report from Denmark noted that their wind power network was without power for 54 days during 2002.[40] Wind power advocates argue that these periods of low wind can be dealt with by simply restarting existing power stations that have been held in readiness or interlinking with HVDC.[27] The cost of keeping a power station idle is in fact quite low, since the main cost of running a power station is the fuel (see spark spread and dark spread).Template:Fact
Penetration Edit
Wind energy "penetration" refers to the fraction of energy produced by wind compared with the total available generation capacity. There is no generally accepted "maximum" level of wind penetration. The limit for a particular grid will depend on the existing generating plants, pricing mechanisms, capacity for storage or demand management, and other factors. An interconnected electricity grid will already include reserve generating and transmission capacity to allow for equipment failures; this reserve capacity can also serve to regulate for the varying power generation by wind plants. Studies have indicated that 20% of the total electrical energy consumption may be incorporated with minimal difficulty.[41] These studies have been for locations with geographically dispersed wind farms, some degree of dispatchable energy, or hydropower with storage capacity, demand management, and interconnection to a large grid area export of electricity when needed. Beyond this level, there are few technical limits, but the economic implications become more significant.
However In evidence to the House of Lords Economic Affairs Select Committee, the UK System Operator, National Grid have quoted estimates of balancing costs for 40% wind and these lie in the range £500-1000M per annum. "These balancing costs represent an additional £6 to £12 per annum on average consumer electricity bill of around £390."[42]
At present, few grid systems have penetration of wind energy above 5%: Denmark (values over 18%), Spain and Portugal (values over 9%), Germany and the Republic of Ireland (values over 6%). The Danish grid is heavily interconnected to the European electrical grid, and it has solved grid management problems by exporting almost half of its wind power to Norway. The correlation between electricity export and wind power production is very strong.[43]
Denmark has active plans to increase the percentage of power generated to over 50%.[44]
A study commissioned by the state of Minnesota considered penetration of up to 25%, and concluded that integration issues would be manageable and have incremental costs of less than one-half cent ($0.0045) per kWh.[45]
ESB National Grid, Ireland's electric utility, in a 2004 study that, concluded that to meet the renewable energy targets set by the EU in 2001 would "increase electricity generation costs by a modest 15%"[46]
A recent report by Sinclair Merz[47] saw no difficulty in accommodating 50% of total power delivered in the UK at modest cost increases.
Predictability Edit
- Main article: Wind Power Forecasting
Related to variability is the short-term (hourly or daily) predictability of wind plant output. Like other electricity sources, wind energy must be "scheduled". The nature of this energy source makes it inherently variable. Wind power forecasting methods are used, but predictability of wind plant output remains low for short-term operation.
Turbine placement Edit
- Main article: Wind farm
Good selection of a wind turbine site is critical to economic development of wind power. Aside from the availability of wind itself, other factors include the availability of transmission lines, value of energy to be produced, cost of land acquisition, land use considerations, and environmental impact of construction and operations. Off-shore locations may offset their higher construction cost with higher annual load factors, thereby reducing cost of energy produced. Wind farm designers use specialized wind energy software applications to evaluate the impact of these issues on a given wind farm design.
Studies in the UK have shown that if onshore turbines are placed in a straight line then an increased risk of aerodynamic modulation can occur which can result in noise nuisance to nearby residents.
Offshore wind farms Edit
- Main article: List of offshore wind farms
Template:As of, Europe leads the world in development of offshore wind power, due to strong wind resources and shallow water in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, and limitations on suitable locations on land due to dense populations and existing developments. Denmark installed the first offshore wind farms, and for years was the world leader in offshore wind power until the United Kingdom gained the lead in October, 2008 with 590 MW of nameplate capacity installed.[48] The United Kingdom planned to build much more extensive offshore wind farms by 2020.[49] Other large markets for wind power, including the United States and China focused first on developing their on-land wind resources where construction costs are lower (such as in the Great Plains of the U.S., and the similarly wind-swept steppes of Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia in China), but population centers along coastlines in many parts of the world are close to offshore wind resources, which would reduce transmission costs.
On 21 December 2007, Q7 (later renamed as Princess Amalia Wind Farm) exported first power to the Dutch grid, which was a milestone for the offshore wind industry. The 120MW offshore wind farm with a construction budget of €383 million was the first to be financed by a nonrecourse loan (project finance). The project comprises 60 Vestas V80-2MW wind turbines. Each turbine's tower rests on a monopile foundation to a depth of between 18-23 meters at a distance of about 23 km off the Dutch coast.
Transporting large wind turbine components (tower sections, nacelles, and blades) is much easier over water than on land, because ships and barges can handle large loads more easily than trucks/lorries or trains. On land, large goods vehicles must negotiate bends on roadways, which fixes the maximum length of a wind turbine blade that can move from point to point on the road network; no such limitation exists for transport on open water. Construction and maintenance costs per wind turbine are higher for offshore wind farms, motivating operators to reduce the number of wind turbines for a given total power by installing the largest available units. An example is Belgium's Thorntonbank Wind Farm with construction underway in 2008, featuring 5MW wind turbines from REpower, which were among the largest wind turbines in the world at the time.
Utilization of wind power Edit
Also see Installed wind power capacity for prior years
|Installed windpower capacity (MW)[50][51][52]
|United States
|Denmark (& Faeroe Islands)
|United Kingdom
|New Zealand
|South Korea
|Czech Republic
|Costa Rica
|Rest of Europe
|Rest of Americas
|Rest of Asia
|Rest of Africa & Middle East
|Rest of Oceania
|World total (MW)
|Annual Wind Power Generation (TWh) / Total electricity consumption(TWh)[53][54][55][56]
|Wind Power
|Total Power
|Wind Power
|Total Power
|Wind Power
|Total Power
|United States
|Denmark (& Faeroe Islands)
|United Kingdom
|World total (TWh)
The modern wind power industry began in 1979 with the serial production of wind turbines by Danish manufacturers Kuriant, Vestas, Nordtank, and Bonus. These early turbines were small by today's standards, with capacities of 20 to 30 kW each. Since then, they have increased greatly in size, while wind turbine production has expanded to many countries all over the world.
There are now many thousands of wind turbines operating, with a total capacity of 73,904 MW of which wind power in Europe accounts for 65% (2006). Wind power is the fastest growing energy source.[65] World wind generation capacity more than quadrupled between 2000 and 2006. 81% of wind power installations are in the US and Europe, but the share of the top five countries in terms of new installations fell from 71% in 2004 to 62% in 2006. In 2007, the countries with the highest total installed capacity were Germany, the United States, Spain, India, and China (see chart).
By 2010, the World Wind Energy Association expects 160GW of capacity to be installed worldwide,[66] up from 73.9 GW at the end of 2006, implying an anticipated net growth rate of more than 21% per year.
Denmark generates nearly one-fifth of its electricity with wind turbines -- the highest percentage of any country -- and is fifth in the world in total wind power generation. Denmark is prominent in the manufacturing and use of wind turbines, with a commitment made in the 1970s to eventually produce half of the country's power by wind.
In recent years, the United States has added more wind energy to its grid than any other country; U.S. wind power capacity grew by 45% to 16.8 gigawatts in 2007.[67] By mid-2008, U.S. wind power installed nameplate capacity was still second behind Germany's, but the U.S. became the world's largest wind power producer by having better average winds over its wind farms, and thus a higher average capacity factor.[68][69] Texas has recently surpassed California's installed capacity developed or under construction. In 2007, the state expects to add 2 gigawatts to its existing capacity of approximately 4.5 gigawatts. Iowa and Minnesota are expected to each produce 1 gigawatt by late-2007.[70] Wind power generation in the U.S. was up 31.8% in February, 2007 from February, 2006.[71] The average output of one megawatt of wind power is equivalent to the average electricity consumption of about 250 American households. According to the American Wind Energy Association, wind will generate enough electricity in 2008 to power just over 1% (4.5 million households) of total electricity in U.S., up from less than 0.1% in 1999. U.S. Department of Energy studies have concluded wind harvested in the Great Plains states of Texas, Kansas, and North Dakota could provide enough electricity to power the entire nation, and that offshore wind farms could do the same job.[72][73] In addition, the wind resource over and around the Great Lakes, recoverable with currently available technology, could by itself provide 80% as much power as the U.S. and Canada currently generate from non-renewable resources,[74] with Michigan's share alone equating to one third of current U.S. electricity demand.[75]
India ranks 4th in the world with a total wind power capacity of 8,000 MW in 2007, or 3% of all electricity produced in India. The World Wind Energy Conference in New Delhi in November 2006 has given additional impetus to the Indian wind industry.[66] Muppandal village in Tamil Nadu state, India, has several wind turbine farms in its vicinity, and is one of the major wind energy harnessing centres in India led by majors like Suzlon, Vestas, Micon among others.[76][77]
In 2005, China announced it would build a 1000-megawatt wind farm in Hebei for completion in 2020. China reportedly has set a generating target of 20,000 MW by 2020 from renewable energy sources — it says indigenous wind power could generate up to 253,000 MW. Following the World Wind Energy Conference in November 2004, organised by the Chinese and the World Wind Energy Association, a Chinese renewable energy law was adopted. In late 2005, the Chinese government increased the official wind energy target for the year 2020 from 20 GW to 30 GW.[78] By 2008, wind power was growing faster in China than the government had planned, and indeed faster in percentage terms than in any other large country, having more than doubled each year since 2005. Policymakers doubled their wind power prediction for 2010, after the wind industry reached the original goal of 5 GW three years ahead of schedule.[79] Current trends suggest an actual installed capacity near 20 GW by 2010, with China shortly thereafter pursuing the United States for the world wind power lead.[79]
Mexico recently opened La Venta II wind power project as an important step in reducing Mexico's consumption of fossil fuels. The 88 MW project is the first of its kind in Mexico, and will provide 13 percent of the electricity needs of the state of Oaxaca. By 2012 the project will have a capacity of 3500 MW.
Another growing market is Brazil, with a wind potential of 143 GW.[80] The federal government has created an incentive program, called Proinfa,[81] to build production capacity of 3300 MW of renewable energy for 2008, of which 1422 MW through wind energy. The program seeks to produce 10% of Brazilian electricity through renewable sources.
South Africa has a proposed station situated on the West Coast north of the Olifants River mouth near the town of Koekenaap, east of Vredendal in the Western Cape province. The station is proposed to have a total output of 100MW although there are negotiations to double this capacity. The plant could be operational by 2010.
France has announced a target of 12,500 MW installed by 2010.
Canada experienced rapid growth of wind capacity between 2000 and 2006, with total installed capacity increasing from 137 MW to 1,451 MW, and showing an annual growth rate of 38%.[82] Particularly rapid growth was seen in 2006, with total capacity doubling from the 684 MW at end-2005.[83] This growth was fed by measures including installation targets, economic incentives and political support. For example, the Ontario government announced that it will introduce a feed-in tariff for wind power, referred to as 'Standard Offer Contracts', which may boost the wind industry across the province.[84] In Quebec, the provincially-owned electric utility plans to purchase an additional 2000 MW by 2013.[85]
Small scale wind power Edit
Template:Splitsection Template:See
Small scale wind power is the name given to wind generation systems with the capacity to produce 50 kW or less of electrical power. [86]. Isolated communities, that otherwise rely on diesel generators, may use wind turbines to displace diesel fuel consumption. Individuals may purchase these systems to reduce or eliminate their dependence on grid electricity for economic or reasons, or to reduce their carbon footprint. Wind turbines have been used for household electricity generation in conjunction with battery storage over many decades in remote areas. Increasingly, U.S. consumers are choosing to purchase grid-connected turbines in the 1 to 10 kilowatt range to power their whole homes.Template:Fact Household generator units of more than 1 kW are now functioning in several countries, and in every state in the U.S.Template:Fact Grid-connected wind turbines may use grid energy storage, displacing purchased energy with local production when available. Off-grid system users can either adapt to intermittent power or use batteries, photovoltaic or diesel systems to supplement the wind turbine. In urban locations, where it is difficult to obtain predictable or large amounts of wind energy (little is known about the actual wind resource of towns and cities [87]), smaller systems may still be used to run low power equipment. Equipment such as parking meters or wireless internet gateways may be powered by a wind turbine that charges a small battery, replacing the need for a connection to the power grid, making the potential carbon savings of small wind turbines difficult to determine.
A new Carbon Trust study into the potential of small-scale wind energy has found that small wind turbines could provide up to 1.5 Terawatt Hours (TWh) per year of electricity (0.4% of total UK electricity consumption) and 0.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (MtCO2) emission savings. This is based on 10% of households installing turbines at costs competitive with grid electricity, which is currently around 12p per kWh [88].
Distributed generation from renewable resources is expected grow as a consequence of the increased awareness of climate change. The electronic interfaces required to connect renewable generation units with the utility system can be designed with additional functions such as active filtering which will allow surplus power to be fed back to the grid. [89]
Economics and feasibility Edit
Growth and cost trends Edit
Wind and hydroelectric power generation have negligible fuel costs and relatively low maintenance costs; in economic terms, wind power has a low marginal cost and a high proportion of capital cost. The estimated average cost per unit incorporates the cost of construction of the turbine and transmission facilities, borrowed funds, return to investors (including cost of risk), estimated annual production, and other components, averaged over the projected useful life of the equipment, which may be in excess of twenty years. Energy cost estimates are highly dependent on these assumptions so published cost figures can differ substantially. A British Wind Energy Association report gives an average generation cost of onshore wind power of around 3.2 pence per kilowatt hour (2005).[90] Cost per unit of energy produced was estimated in 2006 to be comparable to the cost of new generating capacity in the United States for coal and natural gas: wind cost was estimated at $55.80 per MWh, coal at $53.10/MWh and natural gas at $52.50.[91] Other sources in various studies have estimated wind to be more expensive than other sources (see Economics of new nuclear power plants, Clean coal, and Carbon capture and storage).
In 2004, wind energy cost one-fifth of what it did in the 1980s, and some expected that downward trend to continue as larger multi-megawatt turbines were mass-produced.[92] However, installed cost averaged €1,300 per kilowatt in 2007,[93] compared to €1,100 per kilowatt in 2005.[94] Not as many facilities can produce large modern turbines and their towers and foundations, so constraints develop in the supply of turbines resulting in higher costs.[95] Research from a wide variety of sources in various countries shows that support for wind power is consistently between 70 and 80 percent amongst the general public.[96]
Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) figures show that 2007 recorded an increase of installed capacity of 20 GW, taking the total installed wind energy capacity to 94 GW, up from 74 GW in 2006. Despite constraints facing supply chains for wind turbines, the annual market for wind continued to increase at an estimated rate of 31% following 32% growth in 2006. In terms of economic value, the wind energy sector has become one of the important players in the energy markets, with the total value of new generating equipment installed in 2007 reaching €25 billion, or US$36 billion.[93]
Existing generation capacity represents sunk costs, and the decision to continue production will depend on marginal costs going forward, not estimated average costs at project inception. For example, the estimated cost of new wind power capacity may be lower than that for "new coal" (estimated average costs for new generation capacity) but higher than for "old coal" (marginal cost of production for existing capacity). Therefore, the choice to increase wind capacity will depend on factors including the profile of existing generation capacity.
Theoretical potential Edit
Wind power available in the atmosphere is much greater than current world energy consumption. The most comprehensive study to date[97] found the potential of wind power on land and near-shore to be 72 TW, equivalent to 54,000 MToE (million tons of oil equivalent) per year, or over five times the world's current energy use in all forms. The potential takes into account only locations with mean annual wind speeds ≥ 6.9 m/s at 80 m. It assumes 6 turbines per square km for 77 m diameter, 1.5 MW-turbines on roughly 13% of the total global land area (though that land would also be available for other compatible uses such as farming). The authors acknowledge that many practical barriers would need to be overcome to reach this theoretical capacity.
The practical limit to exploitation of wind power will be set by economic and environmental factors, since the resource available is far larger than any practical means to develop it.
Direct costs Edit
Many potential sites for wind farms are far from demand centres, requiring substantially more money to construct new transmission lines and substations. In some regions this is partly because frequent strong winds themselves have discouraged dense human settlement in especially windy areas. The wind which was historically a nuisance is now becoming a valuable resource, but it may be far from large populations which developed in areas more sheltered from wind.
Since the primary cost of producing wind energy is construction and there are no fuel costs, the average cost of wind energy per unit of production depends on a few key assumptions, such as the cost of capital and years of assumed service. The marginal cost of wind energy once a plant is constructed is usually less than 1 cent per kilowatt-hour.[98] Since the cost of capital plays a large part in projected cost, risk (as perceived by investors) will affect projected costs per unit of electricity.
The commercial viability of wind power also depends on the pricing regime for power producers. Electricity prices are highly regulated worldwide, and in many locations may not reflect the full cost of production, let alone indirect subsidies or negative externalities. Customers may enter into long-term pricing contracts for wind to reduce the risk of future pricing changes, thereby ensuring more stable returns for projects at the development stage. These may take the form of standard offer contracts, whereby the system operator undertakes to purchase power from wind at a fixed price for a certain period (perhaps up to a limit); these prices may be different than purchase prices from other sources, and even incorporate an implicit subsidy.
In jurisdictions where the price for electricity is based on market mechanisms, revenue for all producers per unit is higher when their production coincides with periods of higher prices. The profitability of wind farms will therefore be higher if their production schedule coincides with these periods. If wind represents a significant portion of supply, average revenue per unit of production may be lower as more expensive and less-efficient forms of generation, which typically set revenue levels, are displaced from economic dispatch.Template:Fact This may be of particular concern if the output of many wind plants in a market have strong temporal correlation. In economic terms, the marginal revenue of the wind sector as penetration increases may diminish.
External costs Edit
Template:Unreferencedsection Most forms of energy production create some form of negative externality: costs that are not paid by the producer or consumer of the good. For electric production, the most significant externality is pollution, which imposes social costs in increased health expenses, reduced agricultural productivity, and other problems. In addition, carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas produced when fossil fuels are burned, may impose even greater costs in the form of global warming. Few mechanisms currently exist to internalise these costs, and the total cost is highly uncertain. Other significant externalities can include military expenditures to ensure access to fossil fuels, remediation of polluted sites, destruction of wild habitat, loss of scenery/tourism, etc.
If the external costs are taken into account, wind energy can be competitive in more cases, as costs have generally decreased due to technology development and scale enlargement. Supporters argue that, once external costs and subsidies to other forms of electrical production are accounted for, wind energy is amongst the least costly forms of electrical production. Critics argue that the level of required subsidies, the small amount of energy needs met, the expense of transmission lines to connect the wind farms to population centers, and the uncertain financial returns to wind projects make it inferior to other energy sources. Intermittency and other characteristics of wind energy also have costs that may rise with higher levels of penetration, and may change the cost-benefit ratio.
Incentives Edit
Wind energy in many jurisdictions receives some financial or other support to encourage its development. A key issue is the comparison to other forms of energy production, and their total cost. Two main points of discussion arise: direct subsidies and externalities for various sources of electricity, including wind. Wind energy benefits from subsidies of various kinds in many jurisdictions, either to increase its attractiveness, or to compensate for subsidies received by other forms of production which have significant negative externalities.
In the United States, wind power receives a tax credit for each kilowatt-hour produced; at 1.9 cents per kilowatt-hour in 2006, the credit has a yearly inflationary adjustment. Another tax benefit is accelerated depreciation. Many American states also provide incentives, such as exemption from property tax, mandated purchases, and additional markets for "green credits." Countries such as Canada and Germany also provide incentives for wind turbine construction, such as tax credits or minimum purchase prices for wind generation, with assured grid access (sometimes referred to as feed-in tariffs). These feed-in tariffs are typically set well above average electricity prices. The Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 contains extensions of credits for wind, including microturbines.
Secondary market forces also provide incentives for businesses to use wind-generated power, even if there is a premium price for the electricity. For example, socially responsible manufacturers pay utility companies a premium that goes to subsidize and build new wind power infrastructure. Companies like the Borealis Press print millions of greeting cards every year using this wind-generated power, and in return they can claim that they are making a powerful "green" effort, in addition to using recycled, chlorine-free paper, soy inks, and safe press wash. The organization Green-e http://www.green-e.org monitors business compliance with these renewable energy credits.
Environmental effects Edit
- Main article: Environmental effects of wind power
Wind power consumes no fuel for continuing operation, and has no emissions directly related to electricity production. Operation does not produce carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, mercury, particulates, or any other type of air pollution, as do fossil fuel power sources. Wind power plants consume resources in manufacturing and construction. During manufacture of the wind turbine, steel, concrete, aluminum and other materials will have to be made and transported using energy-intensive processes, generally using fossil energy sources. The initial carbon dioxide emissions "pay back" is claimed by one company to be within about 9 months of operation for their offshore turbines[100] and the British Wind Energy Association claim the average wind farm will pay back the energy used in its manufacture within 3-5 months of operation.[101] However, a report to the British House of Lords in 2004 suggested a payback time of 1.1 years, taking into account factors such as plant construction and decommissioning. A shorter period for offshore facilities was given, as the higher capacity factors would more than offset the added energy costs of installation.[102]
Danger to birds is often the main complaint against the installation of a wind turbine.[103][104] However, studies show that the number of birds killed by wind turbines is negligible compared to the number that die as a result of other human activities such as traffic, hunting, power lines and high-rise buildings and especially the environmental impacts of using non-clean power sources. For example, in the UK, where there are several hundred turbines, about one bird is killed per turbine per year; 10 million per year are killed by cars alone.[105] The Audubon Society have also come out in support of wind energy generation, claiming that birds are over 10,000 times more likely to be killed by other human-related causes than by a wind turbine.[106]
Migratory bat species appear to be particularly at risk, especially during key movement periods (spring and more importantly in fall). Lasiurines such as the hoary bat, red bat, and the silver-haired bat appear to be most vulnerable at North American sites. Almost nothing is known about current populations of these species and the impact on bat numbers as a result of mortality at windpower locations. Offshore wind sites 10 km or more from shore do not interact with bat populations.[107]
Aesthetics have also been a concern. The Massachusetts Cape Wind project was delayed for years mainly because of aesthetic concerns.[108]
For human neighbors, the noise created by large wind turbines is often a nuisance. Some people claim that the noise, consisting of both audible as inaudible low frequencies, makes them sick -- not just from lack of sleep. The consistency of this complaint and the symptoms described led the physician Nina Pierpont to call it "wind turbine syndrome."
See also Edit
Template:Portal Template:Portalpar Template:Commons
- Airborne wind turbine
- Distributed Energy Resources
- Electricity generation
- Energy development
- Green energy
- Green tax shift
- Grid energy storage
- List of countries by renewable electricity production
- List of wind farms
- List of offshore wind farms
- List of wind turbine manufacturers
- Merchant Wind Power
- Microeolic generator: Philippe Starck.
- Pickens plan
- Renewable energy
- Sailboat
- SkySails
- Vaneless ion wind generator
- Renewable energy in Portugal
- Renewable energy in Scotland
- Wind Turbine Syndrome
- Wind power in Australia
- Wind power in Canada
- Wind power in Denmark
- Wind power in Germany
- Wind power in Ireland
- Wind power in Spain
- Wind power in the United Kingdom
- Wind power in the United States
- Wind power in Pakistan
- Wind profiler
- Wind profile power law
- Wind-Diesel
- The Windbelt, a non-turbine approach to tapping wind power
- World energy resources and consumption
- Category:Wind power by country
References Edit
External links Edit
- Canadian Wind Energy Association New Wind Power Technology
- American Wind Energy Association
- British Wind Energy Association (BWEA) Briefing Sheets
- Wind Power in the United States: Technology, Economic, and Policy Issues (53p), Congressional Research Service, June 2008
- Wind Cartogram on SHOW displays wind power capacity per country.
Wind power projects Edit
- Database of projects throughout the whole World
- Database of offshore wind projects in North America
- New York state wind projects (Wind Power Law Blog)
- Wind Project Community Organizing - This free website includes dozens of current articles, links and resources about windpower, problem issues, community programs, case studies, lesson plans, etc.
- Wind-powered vehicles.
- Wind fuels
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).
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And you know what that means… the kids are out of school! But no worries, there is still time to sign them up for some amazing summer camps to provide that fun in the sun!
The City of Georgetown has a series of summer camps, called Adventure Camps! They have a variety of different camps offered for different age groups!
We are super excited to announce that Georgetown Paddle Company will be providing paddle boards at the Blue Hole for the "Welcome to Water Sports" camp for 11-12 year olds! This camp is Monday, June 13-Friday, June 17. The kids will get to paddle board, go kayaking on the Guadalupe River, and even get a full day at Schlitterbahn Waterpark in New Braunfels, "The Hottest Coolest Times in Texas". 🙂
These kids will get an entire week of fun for the great price of $240 for Georgetown Residents and $300 for all non-residents!
Visit https://parks.georgetown.org/2016-adventure-camp/ for more detailed information about this amazing summer camp for your 11-12 year olds!
Contact Joe Armstrong, the Youth Adventure Coordinator, for questions at firstname.lastname@example.com.
This is a camp your kids do NOT want to miss, so sign them up before all of the spots are filled!

subset: commoncrawl


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We are a Strategic Consulting Firm in Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods to Guide Your Success in Japan and Other Far East Markets
The Japanese dietary supplement market is the second largest market in the world with approximately 9 billion US dollars in sales. It is expected to grow further driven by several factors including the aging population and reforms of the health insurance system, which will result in the increase of medical expenses and consumers' awareness to prevent diseases. The Chinese dietary supplement market is growing at double-digits. There are opportunities in Far East for nutrition industry players as a marketplace to market their products. However, high level of knowledge around the market and also about the culture will be essential.
|GNG Introduces New Food and Drug Classification List.
|GNG is A Consulting Firm Specialized in Health Food Industries


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EC International Travel & Tours, Inc.
- offers the most competitive rates and the highest quality of car rental services; an honest , courteous and uniformed drivers, Brand new and well-maintained vehicle models.
ECITTI Car Rental Services offers:
- Pick up and drop off
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- City tour / Out of town tour
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- company outings, team buildings, family getaways
* For other concerns, please feel free to get in touch with us @ (02) 907-2733/ 0998-963-2043/ 0917-569-8548
Tips for Online Transactions
- Avoid scams by acting locally or paying with PayPal, Bank Deposit, LBC, or Pera Padala without the item.
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- Don't buy or sell outside of your country. Don't accept cheques
- This site is never involved in any transaction, and does not handle payments, shipping, guarantee transactions, provide escrow services, or offer "buyer protection" or "seller certification"


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Panchsheel theatre in Nagpur has become the first movie theatre in the city to harness solar power.
Source: Cinema
An 11.3 kilowatt system has been installed which will take care of almost 50% of the theatre's energy consumption. The theatre owners have also planned to renovate the theatre and create more space on the roof to install a bigger solar system to serve 100% of the energy requirement.
"These days, a movie theatre requires a huge amount of energy. The customers expect luxury and they've become energy-greedy. For operators, this is an additional cost,", said a representative of the company.
The owners have invested Rs. 7.93 lakh for installation of the system which will generate 17,010 kW over one year, reportedly.
The CEO of Panchsheel Cinema said, "When I was approached by the company, I was convinced only after understanding that the system will run seamlessly. There is no battery required, just the solar system connected to the grip. There is nothing in it that needs to be guarded for the whole day."
Nagpurians don't have shortage of sunlight, and now we also know how to make the best of it! Hence proved.
Title Image: Article
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Almond Tea Cookies
by pamflo
"I'm officially in the weeds!" A phrase familiar in the culinary world for falling behind. I'm hosting family this weekend for the holiday and should be farther along in my planning and prep. Rather than racing to catching up, I decided to play with some cookie dough as I experimented with a simple cookie recipe yesterday. These cookies are crunchy, pack an awesome almond punch, and are both gluten and dairy free. The delightful aroma of freshly baked cookies still lingers […]
Categories: Cookies/Brownies, Dairy Free, Dessert, Gifts, Gluten Free, Low Sugar, Passover Recipes • Tags: Bake


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Paul Gascoigne arrested over suspected drunken assault
Ex-England footballer Paul Gascoigne has been arrested over an alleged drunken assault at a railway station.
The 46-year-old, who left rehab in the USA earlier this year, was taken into custody following the incident at Stevenage, Hertfordshire, on Thursday.
The former Newcastle, Tottenham, Everton and Rangers player was later released without charge, police said.
The Mirror reported a security guard and Gascoigne's ex-wife Cheryl were assaulted in the incident.
A Hertfordshire Police spokeswoman said: "Police were called to a report of a man allegedly being drunk and disorderly at Stevenage railway station at 10:30pm on Thursday 4 July.
"Officers attended the location and arrested a 46-year-old male on suspicion of common assault and being drunk and disorderly."
According to the newspaper Gascoigne was held in a cell for 12 hours overnight.
Gascoigne, who has struggled with alcoholism in the past, was treated at a clinic in Arizona earlier this year following an appearance at a charity event in which he was visibly unwell.


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Thursday, March 22, 2012
Venus Gem Glam
The original that I copied didn't have a stone in it, only the setting where a stone should go. I was happy that I was able to find some rhinestones the right diameter to fit there, to make them look finished. Love the bling!
6 comments:
- Alice said...
Gorgeous! I love that you were able to give an old piece a new life.
- 3/22/2012
- TesoriTrovati said...
Zing! I love that blingy look. It looks so very old. You are a marvel, Miss Lynn! Enjoy the day.
- 3/22/2012
- lunedreams said...
i love that citrine colored stone with the pewter. love the faceted stone with that vintage-look setting!
- 3/22/2012
- sharon said...
Big pure inspired LOVE! WOW! I do not have the corect words to say how much I adore this! Gorgeous as always Lynn!
- 3/22/2012
- LLYYNN - Lynn Davis said...
Thanks! I was tempted to hoard this for myself, but I went ahead and put it in Etsy, and it's found a home. I'll need to find more of the rhinestones, if I want to make more of these. I do have some smoky gray stones, I'll try those in this setting.
Appreciate the feedback, friends!
- 3/23/2012
- beth hemmila of hint jewelry said...
This is so cool that you were able to recreate this piece and give it new life! I love the gem you chose tre romantico :) xoxo Beth
- 3/23/2012


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How moving to a care home was the best thing for dad…and me!
Posted on 26th October 2016 by Nicola Tooke
A Blog previously posted on this page by my colleague David Reaves about trying to do your best for an elderly parent brought back the memories and feelings about my own parents, in particular my dad who was the most proud, private and stubborn man you could ever wish to meet.
My parents managed to develop bowel cancer at the same time! My mum died after two years fighting the dreadful horrible disease; my dad and his formidable heart kept going whilst his cancer kept spreading. I am an only child and the responsibility (I was going to say burden but that sounded wrong) to look after him was mine and mine alone. I had a family and a job but he needed shopping, food preparing and most of all, company; a housekeeper came in once a week and the gardener kept the weeds at bay.
I know this sounds wrong but as time went on I found myself resenting the fact that I had to spend my spare time rushing around making sure he was OK and then feeling terrible guilt at feeling this way. He in turn only saw me when I was busy and so there was no real opportunity to sit and talk and just be father and daughter; I just wanted to spend some quality time with my dad. Eventually, his mobility became almost non-existent and both of us were worn out.
A few months earlier I had started working at Richmond Village in Nantwich as a Receptionist. I knew the services that were offered but had no real experience of them and did not fully understand or appreciate the care that was provided within the home itself. It was my father's doctor who suggested that it might be best for all concerned if my father came into the Care Home; he had and continues to have very close connections with the Village. I tentatively broached the subject with dad; his response cannot be repeated! I tried again, this time with the ace card from up my sleeve "Mum made me promise to look after you and that is what I am trying to do". He capitulated, reluctantly and agreed to go in to the home "to give you a rest" for a couple of weeks.
It was the best thing we both did. It is only when you have someone that you love dearly in the care of others that you fully appreciate the efforts that are made to ensure that that person is looked after as an individual and the amount of work and effort that goes into doing this. And it is not just the person in the Home; it is the relatives and friends too! There were many occasions when I sat with one of the carers and cried buckets at the sheer unfairness of it all and there were other occasions when it was laughter that you could hear as my dad teased someone (as he always did) or made an awful joke (which he often did too!). The laughter was the best medicine for me; he was settled and happy and the dread of going into an "Old people's home" had disappeared as he accepted that he was safe and comfortable surrounded by new friends.
Of course the cancer caught up with him; the staff were my rock and his. He was treated with the most tender dignity and respect right through to the end and I do not have the words to thank those who helped, supported and cared for both of us during the 6 months that he ended up being in the Home. Even at his funeral in a packed church there were the familiar faces of those that had cared for him (and me) giving me strength and paying their last respects to my lovely dad.
This happened 9 years ago and today I work in the Village as the Senior Adviser, helping people just like myself who are worried about their parents and dealing with the same sheer stubbornness as my father displayed all those years ago. I always recommend coming to look around or perhaps just a short stay with us before a longer term decision is made; sometimes it takes a number of these respite stays before someone is ready to move into the Home. One thing I can say is that I understand how you (or they) are feeling because I really do!
If you are going through a similar experience and would like to discuss it then please do contact me on 01270 629080.


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Happy Birthday Sermon No. 6
Here's the video of sermon #6 in the "BIRTHDAY CELEBRATION" series. This not so happy birthday sermon was presented by Pastor Stephen Bramer on August 15, 2010 on "David's Unnamed Infant Son" from 2 Samuel 11-12.
Sermon on August 15, 2010 <– Click to listen to the sermon.


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DENVER -- Among all the rooms inside History Colorado's museum near downtown Denver, there is one room few people are allowed in.
The museum's archive room contains millions of items, relics and pieces of Colorado's past. History Colorado's Executive Director, Steve Turner, took us on a quick tour to show us some things that are 'Unique 2 Colorado'.
To get a behind the scenes look, watch Kevin Torres' report by hitting 'play' on the video above.
If you'd like to learn more about History Colorado, visit their website by clicking here.AlertMe


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Airso 10" Bladeless Table Fan
- Bionaire 20" Bladeless Table Fan - $66.98
- Honeywell Whole Room Air Circulator - $28.99
- Pursonic Pedestal Bladeless Fan & Humidifier - $129.00
- Dyson 10" Bladeless Table Fan - $299.00
- Dyson Tower Fan - $349.99
It's bladeless, it's oscillating, it's kinda cool-looking, but, no. It's not a Dyson. Then again, look at the Airso 10" table fan's price tag. Also not a Dyson.
Even though we don't have that much official summer weather left in 2014, I feel like this futuristic-looking desktop fan would be a good investment for college dorm rooms, which will continue to smell of rank socks and stale beer all throughout the winter and next spring. Also, since the Airso 10" has no blades or grille, you/your kid won't suffer massive blood loss from sticking a tongue in it during drunken dares. And the open-ring feature will prevent it from getting so clogged with dust that it develops a kuh-cher, kuh-cher noise and wakes you up sneezing in the middle of the night like the box fan I have does.
The Airso table fan has a dimmer switch for its airflow, which enables a full range of subtle power adjustments. It oscillates up to 90 degrees to distribute air throughout and entire room, as well as tilts upward and downward for positioning. The bladeless fan package also includes a remote control for fan operation.


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- Manufacturers
- Furniture
- Factory Direct Merchandise
American-made, factory direct manufacturer of mattresses and box springs since 1954. You deserve the best. And the best is at Worleybeds Factory Outlet. We have it all. We make any size bedding and we make mattresses that you can flip over which is rarely seen today! We are an authorized Tempurpedic and Pure Talalay Bliss dealer. We have an exceptional selection of adjustable bed bases. We have all types of beds: platform, sleigh, mansion, storage, bunks, daybeds and headboards along with matching bedroom furniture. We carry the area's largest selection of futons and futon frames. We have an excellent selection of high quality pillows, mattress protectors, mattress encasements, and much, much, more. Call or swing by today and see for yourself!
Whom to Contact
- Martha WorleyPresident
Exit 15 off I 195 to Rte 6 East. We are in the the Bridge Shoppes Plaza right by the Fairhaven-New Bedford bridge.


text:
Product Categories
Sharpening Circular
Contact Nowindustrial Circular Saw Blade Sharpening Machines Equipment for SaleThis machine is designed particularly for the beginner to study easily and to become a professional technical person quickly.
Contact NowMRJ-106 Alloy Saw Blade Sharpening MachineProduct Introduction The following is Technical specification. We have so many spot products that we can sale it at the lowest price. If you need, please contact me asap.
Contact NowElectric Carbide Circular Saw Blade Sharpener Sharpening Machine SuppliersSaw blade Sharpening Machine is mainly applicable for grinding all kinds of straight blade cutters with different angles.


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How do I donate a cell phone to Folsom?
OnlineLog on to the City of Folsom's website (see References section). Select the "Cell Phone Donation" button located under the "Donate your old cell phone--Calling for Canines" section. Enter you...
Read More »
How do I donate a used cell phone?
Mail your used, working cell phone, in a padded envelope, to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence. Donated cell phones are distributed to domestic violence victims so they can call 911 ...
Read More »
How do i donate an old cell phone?
Preparing For DonationErase all the stored information off your cell phone, including phone numbers and text messages, before donating it. Cancel your account with your cell phone provider.Donating...
Read More »
How do i donate a cell phone?
Before donating your mobile phone, erase any stored information using the "master reset" option on your device, if available. Also, verify that your account has been canceled with your service pro...
Read More »
How do i donate a cell phone in kalamazoo?
Clear all personal data from the cell phone. This includes the call log, address book and text messages.Mail your phone to 911 Cell Phone Bank or drop it off at one of their two Kalamazoo, Mich., l...
Read More »


text:
Get the The Medicine Forum RSS feed
To enable the The Medicine Forum RSS feed, simply drag this link into your RSS reader.
What is RSS?
RSS (Really Simple Syndication) is an XML-based format for sharing and distributing Web content, such as news headlines. RSS provides interested scholars with convenient feeds of newly posted The Medicine Forum content.
When new articles appear in The Medicine Forum, our corresponding RSS feeds are updated and your RSS reader alerts you of the new content.


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If a person embarrassed with all your stained, yellow and browning teeth. I have some good news for you may. There are several ways in which you can get yourself a stunning "Hollywood" smile.
RIA Novosti of Global Security notes: Germany's foreign minister Guido Westerwelle said the attack "threatens peace in the space." "I ordered (ministers) to make preparations with the intention that we can react firmly, should any unexpected events occur," japanese investment in india Naoto Kan said. North Korea's only major ally, China, said it was "concerned" by the reports.
Brazil is well situated when it appears to global trade. Very reason number three that I really like the investment opportunities in Brazil. Simply because the economy is closely associated with international exports I'd expect it to carry on to expand for a little time. Their biggest exports are resource-related products including iron ore and fat.
Nouriel Roubini, an economist who predicted the global financial crisis, said on May 27 stock markets have reached the "tipping point" about a correction as thailand macroeconomic may start to slow, methodical.
During the Korean War, nearly a million of these rifles were brought to South Korea and still having the korean hospitality industry afterward. Now, South Korea wants current American gun collectors the opportunity get their hands in this unique piece of history. A sheet of American history that Obama would enjoy seeing go in the memory hole.
In first auction recession you are going to created a colossal surplus of workers. As soon as the recession began America employed 138 million salaried people. Two years later we employ 131 ton of. Seven million people who were working and probably want an employment are underemployed. The following chart shows this dramatic along with employment (blue line).
It can successfully exercise the small muscles at the joints, and strengthen the capacity of muscles, burning more fats. The obesity could be efficiently remedied by the blissful experience and exercise benefits. At the same time, 5 centimeters heel height can obtain the effect of heightening.


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Opinion: Jay-Z's '4:44' may be his step into feminism
Jay-Z has reinvented himself as an artist that no one saw coming. On the album "4:44," which dropped Friday, Jay peels back the mask of toxic masculinity with vulnerability and compassion.
By Clay Cane
CNN — Let's go back in time. Twenty years ago, Jay-Z was the hip-hop American dream. A former drug dealer from the notorious Marcy Projects in Brooklyn, New York, who fought his way into the music industry. His first album, 1996's "Reasonable Doubt," was hugely successful, forging a path for the Brooklyn native to become one of the most iconic rappers in history.
Jay was the "so-called" perfect image of hip-hop at the time. He was rooted in hyper-masculinity with lyrics full of sexism, homophobia and violence. Jay was "hard," a "real man," someone you feared and admired. He was a controversial, complex poet who was not above critique.
Fast-forward to 20 years later, Jay-Z has reinvented himself as an artist that no one saw coming. On the album "4:44," which dropped Friday, Jay peels back the mask of toxic masculinity with vulnerability and compassion.
This album, especially from someone as iconic as Shawn Carter (his real name), is revolutionary for male hip-hop artists. Moreover, this transformation appears to be influenced by the women in his life, especially his wife of nine years, Beyoncé.
On April 23, 2016, Queen Bey dropped "Lemonade" and the Internet broke, "Becky with the good hair" became a household term and many wondered if Bey was on the verge of leaving her longtime husband.
Now, "4:44" is Jay-Z's complement to "Lemonade," which is also breaking the Internet — the album was tweeted about 810,000 times on the night it was released.
The two albums are a discourse in marriage, navigating the difficult terrain of love, family and regrets. While Bey and Jay are extremely private, their choice to unpack their relationship through music — not a reality show or attacking each other on social media — is brilliant.
"Lemonade" and "4:44" feel like therapy through art. They endured troubling times but pushed each other to work through their issues and persevered.
Men, especially black men in hip-hop, are rarely afforded the space to unravel their emotions. Apologies are sometimes interpreted as weakness. But regardless of holding up trite, hip-hop machismo, Jay presents a rare intimacy throughout the album.
In the title track, he raps, "I apologize, often womanize/ Took for my child to be born to see through a woman's eyes." In the same song, he boldly admits to infidelity:"'You did what with who?/ What good is a ménage à trois when you have a soul mate?/ You risked that for Blue?'" (Blue Ivy is his daughter.)
Jay-Z is clearly admitting, which is seriously scarce in this genre of music, that women have changed his life and perspective. Imagine if more powerful men, especially those who live in the White House, apologized. We would live in a much different and more peaceful era.
Bey and Jay's cultural impact provides a unique look into modern martial life. Sure, there is nothing new about a married couple uniting in the media. However, Bey and Jay are arguably unlike any couple we have seen, especially in the music industry. Beyoncé is not standing behind her man or even next to him. Beyoncé is more famous, sells more albums and clearly is in control of her career.
But all of that hasn't hindered Jay- Z. In fact, he has clearly evolved by having such a strong, successful partner. Who would've thought an artist who was once known for songs like "Money, Cash, Hoes," "Big Pimpin'" and "Gangsta S**t" would be the man he is today?
Jay's 13th studio album is not just good music, but it's a lesson in growth. It's also the result of redemption through the power of a love you are not intimidated by and the strength in owning your faults.
Jay-Z is looking to his wife, not by putting her on a pedestal, but as creative inspiration. He is not afraid of her genius, strength and creativity, which I hope is a sentiment that filters down to more men.
Whether or not Jay-Z knows it, with "4:44" he may have made his foray into feminism.
The-CNN-Wire™ & © 2017 Cable News Network, Inc., a Time Warner Company. All rights reserved.


text:
Monday, 2 July 2012
12 comments:
Ah brilliant!ReplyDelete
acest cuvant,care mai ales in engleza se desavarseste,inseamna,in imaginarul meu inca de cand eram foarte micuta,aceasta imagine:silueta gracila,desprinsa de lume,independenta,sub un soare niciodata prea puternic pentru maretia aparitia ei.ReplyDelete
dar niciodata nu ma gandisem la cum se rasfira,printre firele de in ale unei palarii,aceste raze,cum o palarie poate purta in ea tot ceea ce fiintarea noastra aici poate desfasura,precum un mosor nesfarsit...
(ma gandisem,ca din senin,azi la Iulie,cred ca este aniversarea Kafka:) ).
Ah, where did she go ? Vanished... Or maybe : Gone with the wind ?ReplyDelete
i don't understand what all that lovely light is. if it was any wetter here i'd be underwater!ReplyDelete
This comment has been removed by the author.ReplyDelete
Oh my goodness--did the hat eat her?!ReplyDelete
haha, i hadn't at all seen the post in this light, that you will be wondering where she's vanished or whether she's been eaten by the hat (very funny, Lynne :-), but now looking again at the narrative of the two photos, this is indeed the most plausible line of interpretation, especially that we are in a summer fairy-tale :-)ReplyDelete
so i just had to make a new post for a happy-ending, the return of the victorious straw-hat-girl, how else :-)
thank you, merc :-)ReplyDelete
şi ţie îţi place cum sună july în egnleză, Cerasela? şi mie, da, regăsesc totul ţi în imaginarul meu :-)
Owen, see the next post :-)
swiss, here we have orange code for heat!!! the south is the south, after all, we are longing for a bit of rain but to no avail :-)
Beautiful photos! I wouldn't guess she'd been eaten by the hat. Like any wise child, when the hat just got to be too much she left it by the side of the road.ReplyDelete
Having a near-pathogical condition which does not allow me to interpolate easily between images, i do not understand the (presumed) anthropomorphic machinations of hats or other non-living things. Do hats act malevolently? Perhaps they do, but i am not aware of such things.ReplyDelete
(If you are keeping track, dearest, this is yet another cerebral malady that should be added to the long list (if you are in fact maintaining such a list) of my perceptual deficiencies. This is a great subject for a book, and i want you to know that i am available, for a fee, to assist you in documenting this particular form of dementia.
i see a hat of [sun]-straws full of light, that is washing the face of an adorable child. then the same hat tossed on the sand... to collect some more. beautiful!ReplyDelete
this is perfect - this is how it was, how it is (& how it probably will be ) : a child fully absorbed in summer ...ReplyDelete


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Spindle Provides Shareholder Update
SCOTTSDALE, AZ -- (Marketwired) -- 11/15/16 -- Spindle, Inc. (OTCQB: SPDL) ("Spindle" or "Company"), a leading provider of Unified Commerce solutions, today provided a shareholder update on the heels of filing its third quarter financial results. The results may be found in the Company's Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Michael Schwartz, Spindle Interim CEO, commented, "It has now been roughly four months since we made a fundamental shift in the leadership, focus, and approach of Spindle. As many may guess, the Spindle leadership team and I have all been heads down during this time settling in, determining our current state, bolstering our external relationships and partnerships, and trying to realize revenue through our inherited pipeline.
Since the middle of June 2016, our approach has been focused and simple. Focus on securing key strategic relationships, determine the current disposition and prognosis of our current products and assets, and leverage pipeline-generated revenue to enable investment in our inside sales group.
Through this process we've experienced both significant wins and some disappointments. We've learned that many of our core external relationships and partnerships were severely strained for a variety of reasons. Our core processing relationship and capability through Worldpay remains strong and will continue to serve as a critical component of our payment capabilities going forward. However, other processing relationships have not fared as well and have led to internal inefficiencies and revenue delays. A sizeable amount of anticipated earned revenue from prior months remains unrealized as of this writing. I continue to work closely with our Board of Directors to sort through any and all options to attempt to recover these funds.
We've also found our sales pipeline to be challenging in terms of sustainable increasing revenue potential. The pipeline had historically been comprised of merchants that were considered to be "high risk", a characteristic that often generates decent short-term revenue, but this revenue can also disappear relatively quickly. Though the profit margins on these types of merchants are high, the risks are equally high. The high risk nature of the pipeline, together with the relationship strains that have been identified have resulted in minimal revenue.
Again, pursuit of this poorly executed business model was inherited from past management who failed to properly account for such risks in the contracts executed with certain ISOs. Going forward, we intend to participate in the high risk market very selectively, and only with partners and ISOs who not only understand this type of business, but who will also execute sensible contracts. While high risk processing will not be a core part of our strategy going forward, we believe there does exist a balance whereby we can better protect our revenue stream by accepting lower, but still attractive margins.
Progress and successes too have been noteworthy. We've built a high quality management team with significant payments experience that are now universally aligned around a common set of objectives, all of whom are strongly committed to Spindle's success and creating shareholder value. Leveraging this team and internal deep vertical market experience, we have built a sports and facility management vertical solution that is anticipated to be released within the next several weeks. We believe it to be a best-in-class solution for teams and sports facilities that will generate revenue and provide us with several critical foundational components to be leveraged by our ultimate vision of commerce orchestration.
Our Future
Despite the challenges we've experienced, I'm encouraged by our current position, our team, our strategy, and our future prospects. In short, we are a payments company, and our ongoing focus, solutions, and strategy will all align around this central theme. It's a theme that our current management team has successfully executed in the past, and our goal is to leverage our collective experience and track records of success to do it again.
As such, we are now migrating all of our resources toward three core tenets/solutions:
Inside Sales Group - This is a function and competency that has been heretofore under leveraged. Though it requires some up-front investment to properly launch, we have all of the core components required for its future success. The team's leader is a 20-year inside sales industry veteran with a proven track record of revenue generation and sustained growth in this space. We have also spent significant time fostering quality relationships that will help launch our inside sales function, and have already signed one major contract for revenue generation.
Vertical Market Solutions - For several months we have been developing a vertical market solution, initially focused on sports team and facility management. We believe it represents a best-in-class solution. We have deep industry expertise in this vertical that has enabled us to design and implement this solution quickly and cost effectively, and plan to release it to the market during Q4, 2016. This capability will enable us to generate revenue from athlete registrations, team marketing, merchandise purchases, and payment processing. Once rolled out for the sports vertical, we intend to expand to multiple other vertical markets. The solution also includes components that will give us a jump start on our core strategy of commerce orchestration.
Commerce Orchestration - This will serve as the core of our future, solving many problems with today's commerce experience for both merchants and consumers. The majority of existing payment and commerce solutions are disjointed silo solutions that benefit either merchants or consumers, but rarely both. The missing component is the tight integration of the payment aspect of commerce as a core function. Our intention is to deliver a commerce solution experience that facilitates the solution of any type of consumer commerce request..."Find a restaurant", "Buy a baseball bat", "Fix a leaky faucet", or "Find a movie to watch".
Via a ubiquitous user experience across all platforms, consumers will be able to quickly and easily satisfy their commerce request while their user experience is improved through real-time generic and targeted offers and a common loyalty platform across all merchants. At the same time, merchants will be able to target specific consumers and commerce events, driving new and repeat business while also delivering increased spend through data insight. No solution today addresses commerce this way, and we believe we have the industry experience, platform and market agnosticism, and payment capability to deliver on this before viable competitors emerge.
The past four months have required a herculean effort from the entire new management team. I want to thank them for their continuing commitment to the Company and its shareholders. I also want to thank advisor Tony VanBrackle and board members Dr. Jack Scott, Frank Knuettel, and Brian Bates for their invaluable support, both through their continued financial contributions and time.
While we now have a clear and executable vision and plan, being pursued by a team of industry veterans who have successfully delivered similar solutions in the past, we clearly have a lot of work ahead of us to make this the Company we all believe it can be. Rest assured we are up for the challenge. Please know that we are working diligently on your behalf and will continue to do so. Thank you for your continued support, we look forward to updating you in the future."
About Spindle
Spindle is an innovator of merchant and consumer-facing commerce solutions focused on the Small and Medium-sized Business (SMB) market. It is focused on payment processing services and integrating value-added capabilities that enhance merchant revenue and increase consumer loyalty, experience, and stickiness. Spindle is taking a unique approach to orchestrating commerce transactions of all types by leveraging best-in-class technology, multiple solutions for vertical markets, and a deeply experienced payments management team to define and drive the way commerce transactions will be performed in the future. This commerce experience will be independent of mechanism, unifying a consumer's experience across all platforms (mobile, browser, kiosk, etc.), taking today's solutions to a new level via technology integrations and strategic partnerships. For more information, visit www.spindle.com.
Forward-Looking Statements
This release includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements regarding our expected future financial position, results of operations, cash flows, financing plans, business strategy, products and services, competitive positions, growth opportunities, plans and objectives of management for future operations, as well as statements that include words such as "anticipate," "if," "believe," "plan," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "could," "should," "will," and other similar expressions are forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control, which may cause actual results, performance, or achievements, as described in our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission which are available for review at www.sec.gov, to differ materially from anticipated results, performance, or achievements. We are under no obligation to (and expressly disclaim any such obligation to) update or alter our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Peyton Jackson
Executive Vice President
Spindle, Inc.
Source: Spindle Inc.
Released November 15, 2016


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Message from the President – Gen. Gordon R. Sullivan, USA Ret.
As 2015 begins, so ends Operation Enduring Freedom. Thousands of troops are returning home but many remain as part of NATO's Operation Resolute Support, a crucial mission advising the Afghan National Security Force. Our brave soldiers spent 13 years fighting for the safety and security of Afghanistan while guiding the ANSF through tough growing pains. The fight is not over, it has only changed for us and some of our allies. There are still many challenges ahead.
Seven Questions for Gen. Gordon R. Sullivan, USA Ret., AUSA President and CEO
AUSA President and CEO Gen. Gordon R. Sullivan, USA Ret., reflects on AUSA's accomplishments in 2014 and offers a look ahead to what 2015 holds for the Association and its efforts.


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Welcome to my blog! I'm so thankful for your visit! I'm Karen, a 38-year old aspiring writer, cook and recipe developer of this weblog ahappycook.com. I am a self-taught cook, learning the intricacies of cooking through my daily cooking experiences.
I'm a wife to Alvin, a wonderful and supportive husband who gets credit as occasional photographer, proof reader, food critic and dishwasher. He says he is a research engineer. He loves reading books, arts and calligraphy. After our most recent trip, he started to like wines. I'm a mother to a good and witty son, Albert. He loves music, history, reading, writing and sports. He's my helper sometimes, doing quick errands, and my cheerer. They are my biggest supporters, always excited to taste my latest recipes and most of all, always there to compliment and critique my new dishes.
I grew up in Pampanga, Philippines. Since my late teens, I have always watched and helped my mother and aunties in their kitchens. They loved (and still do) to cook Filipino food and Spanish-inspired dishes. That was the beginning of my passion for food. On 24th February 2001, my husband and I moved to Singapore for better opportunities. It was then that really began cooking on my own and applying what I've learned from my mom and aunts. It was difficult at first. The food didn't taste good and wasn't according to our expectations, to put it mildly. After several weeks of crappy food, I decided to get serious. I started reading cookbooks. Much later, I subscribed to TV channels like TLC, Food Network and Asian Food Channel.
I like to experiment with the recipes that my family loves. I value life and understand that to have a good one, you must also value money. I'm frugal and always have a monthly budget (and stick to it). I hate wasting food. I only buy and cook what my family can consume. I plan my shopping list before I shop to avoid buying ingredients that I don't really need.
I love to travel. When I have free time, I do travel planning. I love looking for travel destinations and adding them to my family's bucket list and future itineraries. We have travelled to some parts of Asia, Australia, Europe and North America. When we travel, we always savor the local food. Traveling opened my eyes to different cultures and cuisines. After each trip, I always try to "replicate" the food that we liked during the trip.
About this food blog…
I started food blogging in 2003 but didn't take it seriously. I was just lazy to post my recipes. In 2013, I became serious and began to write down all the recipes that I know of. Most of the pictures in this blog were taken indoors and shot right after the dishes were cooked. All recipes were tested a few times; I post them the moment I got the right taste.
Diane Kress's "The Metabolism Miracle" changed our perspective on food and eating. The book changed the way I cook and the way we eat. Before, I cooked meals with lots of meat, fats and tons of carbs! After reading the book, I realized that each and every one has her own unique metabolism. Which means that to perfectly match your "biology" and lifestyle, "customizing" your own recipes and cooking your own food is definitely better than eating something from your favorite hawker or fastfood outlet!
Through this blog, I wish to share how my family chooses to eat right. You know it's right because you don't have that guilty conscience after eating.
I want to show you that cooking is not hard. You don't have to be an expert to cook good quality and healthy food. What I can do, I'm sure you can do as well.
If you're budget-conscious, you'll be happy to know that cooking can help you to save money. When you cook at home, not only will you be able to control the ingredients, you'll also spend less on dining out.
But of course, cooking right and eating right is just one part of the equation. To be really healthy, you need to sweat it out. But that's for another blog. My wish is for anyone reading this blog to be a master chef in her kitchen and to know that the key to eating right is to cook the right kind of food. So please join me on this journey towards a better health through cooking and eating right!
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Badminton Wales are fully committed to engaging with the BWF Shuttle Time initiative having piloted the ten week course at Sport Wales National Centre Cardiff. Badminton Wales are now aiming to roll out the initiative nationwide. Our short term aim is to make Shuttle Time available to children throughout Wales, we are ensuring all coaches and teachers are fully qualified to deliver the Teacher and Tutor courses by working under the guidance of Badminton Europe and the BWF.
Web Design by upriseVSI


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In Monday night's debate, Hillary Clinton seemed to pluck from thin air the story of Alicia Machado, one of Donald Trump's old Miss Universes. She complained that "one of the worst things he said was about a woman in a beauty contest. He loves beauty contests, supporting them and hanging around them. And he called this woman 'Miss Piggy.' Then he called her 'Miss Housekeeping,' because she was Latina. Donald, she has a name. Her name is Alicia Machado."
So it appears Donald Trump, a mean and nasty and sexist man, said mean and nasty and sexist things.
But there were a few facts about Machado Clinton neglected to mention. First, in 1998, Machado faced accusations that she aided in an attempted murder, driving her boyfriend from a shooting. The judge in the case claimed Machado threatened to "ruin my career as a judge and…kill me." McClatchy also reported last year that a secret witness "under federal protection…claimed she was involved with Gerardo Alvarez Vazquez, an accused kingpin known as 'El Indio'…The witness asserted that Machado had borne Alvarez's daughter, Dinorah, in 2008 and that several drug lords…came to the baptism."
Oh. She sounds like a model new American.Read the rest from Ben Shapiro HERE.
If you like what you see, please "Like" us on Facebook either here or here. Please follow us on Twitter here.


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From the publisher's website:
Return to Rokugan, where honor is a force more powerful than steel.
For one thousand years, the Empire of Rokugan has stood as a bastion of nobility, honor, and virtue. These lands are ruled by the samurai, powerful heroes who carry the katana and wakizashi as their badge of rank. Eight Great Clans vie with one another for supremacy over these lands, all under the eye of the mighty Emperor. And to the south, the Shadowlands, the eternal enemy of Rokugan, waits for the next opportunity to disrupt all that these foolish mortals have built. It is a land of intrigue, wonder, and adventure.
Welcome to the third iteration of the Legend of the Five Rings Role-Playing Game. This player's guide will provide players and GM's with all of the setting, culture, and rules needed to create characters in the Legend of the Five Rings world and stage ongoing campaigns in Rokugan. While this book contains an updated version of the familiar rules, conversion rules will be included so that none of the many previous volumes set in this world will ever be obsolete.
The best Asian style fantasy setting roleplaying game of this generation returns to its roots with its release this summer. Legend of the Five Rings 3rd Edition returns focus to the Roll and Keep(R&K) system originally released in 1996. Conveying a deeper sense of realism, the R&K system best simulates the tension, reality, and lethality of Samurai drama. Look for it more information in the coming weeks here at L5R.com.
Review of various mystery RPGs.
Legend of the Five Rings; Trodox 31; Fireborn; Born of the Night; Dragonmech; Mithril - City of the Golem; Preis


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Wilmington - Jacksonville - Swansboro - New Bern - Greenville - Morehead City
Host the best birthday party in the Jacksonville NC and Wilmington NC areas! The only game trucks in the area with playstation 4 virtual reality, nintendo switch, xbox one and more. we are Eastern North Carolina's birthday party experts!
birthday party - military event - school festival
Eastern North Carolina finally has a great solution for all types of party ideas, Rockin' Game Party's Rockin' Game Trucks. Nobody else can do a birthday party in the Jacksonville, Wilmington, New Bern, and Swansboro NC areas better than we do! We are constantly adding games such as Madden 2019, Forza Horizon 4, and now Fortnite!
Our "Extreme" and "Deluxe" game trucks are great for birthday parties, corporate events, festivals, military family days or just about any reason you might have to get together with friends and family and enjoy the excitement of video gaming.
We have no doubt that we are Eastern Carolina's best entertainment! Be the first in your neighborhood to throw a Rockin' Game Party! Sit back and relax while we do all the entertaining - you will be the best host ever! All we need is a fairly flat level place to park and we'll handle the rest!
- We have 2-32 foot Video Game Party Theaters
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1-Hour Deluxe Game Truck Party (*Greater-Jacksonville area) - $249
1-Hour Premium Game Truck Party (*Greater-Wilmington area) - $259
2-Hour Deluxe Game Truck Party (*Greater-Jacksonville area) - $309
2-Hour Premium Game Truck Party (*Greater-Wilmington area) - $339
To hear what our customers have been saying about us, please head over to the recently updated Testimonials page.
*Prices stated are for an area within 30-miles of our base locations. We are available all throughout Eastern North Carolina; however, a travel surcharge will be applicable if you are outside of our service area for each respective game truck.
*Price for the Great-Wilmington area combo includes a travel surcharge from our Onslow County location.
Our Service Area
We serve a Primary Service Area of 30 miles from 522 W. Willis Landing Road, Hubert, NC,28539 (Highlighted in the middle, dark blue circle) and the additional Secondary Service Area extending outward (highlighted in the outer light blue circle.)
Not sure how far you are from us? Click here to find your distance from us, and use the chart below to find your travel surcharge, if applicable. If you are are interested in our Port City Xtreme Game Trailer, which serves the Greater-Wilmington area, our surcharges are the same. Click here to map your surcharge for our Port City Game Truck.
Within our service area - No Surcharge Added
31-40 miles outside our service area - $30 Travel Surcharge
41-50 miles outside our service area - $40 Travel Surcharge
51-60 miles outside our service area - $50 Travel Surcharge
61-70 miles outside our service area - $60 Travel Surcharge
71-80 miles outside our service area - $70 Travel Surcharge
Rockin Game Party is great for any Event
Boy's and Girl's Birthday Parties
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we are currently hiring! If you would like to know more about our employment oppurtunities, please visit our Jobs page by clicking on the link below
Rockin' Game Party is located out of Jacksonville, NC and provides birthday party, military family days, weddings, graduations and all other entertainment services locally and throughout Eastern North Carolina to include: Carolina Beach, Wilmington, Emerald Isle, Myrtle Beach, Raleigh, Topsail Island, Wrighstville Beach, Southport, New Bern, Havelock, Camp Lejeune, MCAS Cherry Point, MCAS New River, Kinston, Greenville, Beaufort, Atlantic Beach, Outerbanks, Bald Island, Swansboro, Morehead City, Sneads Ferry, Holly Ridge and more.
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Monday, May 26, 2008
What are they smokin'?
Verily, envy blinds us:
There are two ways that lead to democracy: The British way and the Chinese way. The first one took centuries of cultural accumulation to reach perfection. The second took only decades, focused on the creation of an educated people and their economic rise. The result is that the Chinese people will probably have a better democracy in a couple of decades than anything we have in Pakistan.


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With a girlfriend's companionship and a professional counselor's expertise, Dr. Laurel Shaler walks readers through personal stories and biblical insights that shed light on daily and traumatic stress. In Reclaiming Sanity, she shows
How to find freedom from the past
Five myths about anger and how to overcome them
The antidote for nagging worry and sleepless nights
Ways to rebuild trust in others
How Christ gives true strength
Offering effective action steps toward reclaiming sanity, Dr. Shaler guides readers through the healing process, whether they are dealing with a one-time traumatic event or years of hidden pain.
Laurel Shaler, PhD, is a professor at Liberty University and a speaker on faith and emotional well-being. A national certified counsellor and social worker, Dr. Shaler is a former psychotherapist for the Department of Veterans Affairs, where she specialized in treating trauma. She and her family live in Greenville, South Carolina.
Additional Information
|Author / Artist
|Laurel Shaler
|Release Date
|3 Jul 2017
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