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This is a blog of my gardening activities for 2013, and as it turns out, beyond.
I plan to post most of my garden-related stuff for the year, from ordering seeds to the final harvest and putting things to bed for the winter. Although I also grow flowers, I am mostly interested in vegetables and fruit, such as you can see in this photo from 2012.
Why gardening? I suppose you can take the boy off the farm, but you can't take the farm out of the boy. Compared to my other hobbies, gardening is fairly inexpensive. A few tools last a lifetime and seeds and fertilizer don't cost all that much. Gardening is the one hobby that I stick with year after year. Of course, the seasons keep changing so procrastination isn't really an option. If it's spring, I need to be getting the garden ready and planting.
I live in central Pennsylvania, USA, on the border of plant hardiness zones 6a and 6b, which means that winter temperatures aren't expected to go below -10°F (-23°C). There is more information about hardiness zones at the USDA website.
The soil here contains a lot of clay. I've added organic material (peat moss, compost) as well as some sand over the years to improve the drainage in my garden beds.
Posts are announced on my twitter account, @BrianBreczinski and on my Google+ account.
If you think my experiences can help you on your own garden adventure, you may wish to start at my 2nd post, "Planning."
I've made over 200 posts and am still going, although the growing season is winding down and there won't be much more to write about. I never thought this would be so time consuming, from taking and editing photos to trying to find just the right words, although whether I succeed in that is another matter.
All material © 2013-2018 Brian M. Breczinski. Not to be used without my express permission.


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"...from obesity to climate change to resource scarcity. It's our duty as a company and as global citizens to do our part to drive positive, strategic change. It's also good business practice." -- Grant F. Reid CEO and Office of the President
More from Grant F. Reid CEO and Office of the President
Mars is made up of a close and collaborative community where diversity is celebrated. Since we support one another, it's no surprise that we've even been named a 2016 Best Workplaces for Diversity in the U.S.
Explore Mars' Efforts Towards Diversity
Mars is working to make everyday meals healthier, easier, more affordable and tastier. We're starting with the Mars Food Health and Wellbeing Ambition report and our beloved brands like UNCLE BEN'S®, MASTERFOODS® and DOLMIO®.
Explore Mars' Efforts for Health & Wellbeing
Mars is working with CARE International to equip women in cocoa communities with financial education. Nearly 2,000 members have accessed our training and are now empowered to invest in crops, education and healthcare.
See How Mars is Empowering Women

subset: commoncrawl


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Drucken & Zurück
Valmet Corporation, Head Office
Finnland, Espoo
Adresse: Keilasatama 5, 02150 Espoo.
Postanschrift: P.O. Box 11, 02150 Espoo
Telefon: +358 (10) 672 00 00
E-Mail: email@example.com
Homepage: www.valmet.com
Vorsitzer: Pasi Laine
Geschäftsführung: Aki Niemi (Services Business Line); Bertel Karlstedt (Pulp and Energy Business Line); Jari Vähäpesola (Paper Business Line); Sami Riekkola (Automation Business Line); Dave King (North America); Celso Tacla (South America); Vesa Simola (EMEA); Xiangdong Zhu (China); Jukka Tiitinen (Asia Pacific)
Umsatz: Approx. EURO 3 160 mill
Gründungsjahr: 2014
Mitarbeiter: 12300
Lieferprogramm: PULPING AND FIBER: Wood handling - log handling, debarking, chipping, chip screening, chip handling and storage, bark handling and storage, biomass handling; Chemical pulping - cooking, knotting and screening, washing, oxygen delignification, bleaching, automation; Recausticizing - green liquor handling, cooling/slaking/causticizing, white liquor handling, lime mud handling; Pulp drying - bleached stock screening, wet end, drying, cutting, baling, roll finishing, de-wiring; Recycled fiber - pulping, screening and fractionation, washing and thickening, flotation, dispersion and refining, bleaching, membrane filtration, automation and Industrial Internet. CHEMICAL RECOVERY: Evaporators; Lignin removal; Recovery boilers - rebuilds and upgrades, accessory products, liquor to liquor; Ash leaching; Environmental solutions; Maintenance; Spare parts; Partner services - training, inspections, rental boilers, service agreements; Recausticizing - green liquor handling, cooling/slaking/causticizing, white liquor handling, lime mud handling; Automation for pulp mill: analyzers and specialty measurements, automated labs (Dirt Count etc.), process automation (DCS), information management, process optimization (Advanced Process Controls), condition monitoring system, QCS and profilers and camera system for pulp dryer, Industrial Internet. PAPER AND BOARD: Process improvement - machine section improvements, tail threading, doctoring, cleaning, profiling, dewatering and drying, web handling, energy efficiency analysis, efficiency improvement studies, rebuild studies; Maintenance services - maintenance cooperation, on-site reconditioning, headbox services; Production support - efficiency improvement studies, process development cooperation, remote services; Roll services - roll covers, rolls, roll maintenance; Spares and process parts - daily spares, refiner segments and fillings, screen baskets, doctoring products, coater blades, headbox flow sheets, suction roll seals, sizer consumables, slitter management program; Recycled fiber - pulping, screening and fractionation, washing and thickening, flotation, dispersion and refining, bleaching, membrane filtration, filter fabrics, automation; Stock preparation - de-wiring, pulping, refining and deflaking, broke handling, screening, fiber recovery, wet end chemical handling, filter fabrics, filtration services; Paper machines - new lines, approach flow system, headbox, forming, pressing, drying, sizing, coating, coating drying, calendering, reeling, parent roll handling, paper machine clothing, filtration services, automation; Board machines - new lines, approach flow system, headbox, forming, pressing, drying, sizing, coating, coating drying, calendering, reeling, parent roll handling, paper machine clothing, filtration services, automation; Winding and roll handling - winding, roll wrapping and handling, Industrial Internet. TISSUE: Advantage DCT technology - approach flow system, headbox, forming, pressing, drying, creping, sheet transfer, reeling, dust control, water management, automation; Advantage NTT technology; Advantage TAD technology; Nonwovens; Tissue service - training, roll service, spare parts. Automation for paper, board and tissue: Analyzers and specialty measurements, automated labs, process automation (DCS), machine controls, drive controls, information management, quality control system (QCS) and profilers, camera systems for web inspection and web break analysis system, condition monitoring system, Industrial Internet. FABRICS: Paper machine clothing - forming fabrics, press felts and fabrics, shoe press belts, dryer fabrics; Filter fabrics for recausticizing, mechanical fiber and recycled fiber, Industrial Internet; ENERGY: Boiler plants - fluidized bed boilers, oil and gas boilers, chemical recovery boilers, rebuilds and upgrades, maintenance, spare parts, accessory products, partner services; Modular power plants; Heating plants; Gasification; Environmental solutions; Automation; Energy and hydrocarbon valves. Automation for energy: specialty measurements, process automation (DCS), turbine controls, safety integrated system, information management, condition monitoring, emission reporting, Industrial Internet


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Best Briefcases Under $500!It's no big secret that the leather briefcase has repeatedly been a time tested essential for gentlemen all around the world. One of the best ways to look professional, organized, and amazingly stylish, is to pick up a trendy, modern briefcase. Let's emphasis MODERN in this context, frankly because it's one characteristic that briefcases need to be chosen by. Not to say that the traditional black, leather briefcase is no longer a contender in the world of style and elegance that men so crave to be in, however, more awesome and high quality options are available than ever! Awesome leather briefcases shouldn't have to be anything near thousands of dollars if luxury can be within the scope of something well under $1000! Here are 5 awesome leather briefcases for men under $500 to consider:
The crocodile pattern has been a favorite for the most stylish gentlemen. Known for it's sleek look, and exotic design, the crocodile pattern designed into a chic briefcases is exactly what modern style means. With a detachable shoulder strap, and a mulch-compartmentalized interior, any gentleman sporting this trendy briefcase is sure to have one cool, elegant look, at least all the time it's worn! Get this excellent briefcase here.
Brown leather briefcases have been a staple for most modern, dapper men. With an high quality leather, and a soft contour, the brown briefcase works well, in and out of the office. Wearing a suit, or denim jeans will complement this look excellently. This is a flexible briefcase that can be used every single day, for important essentials, and gadgets. The shoulder strap conveniently attaches to the hardware, turning this cool briefcase into a messenger bag. Get this flexible, brown leather briefcase here.
Black briefcases will really always be a staple in menswear. The black crocodile patterned briefcase is a modern take on a traditional, highly sought-after item! With this cool briefcase, your outfit doesn't need to be so hip or cool at all. The briefcase speaks style and charm, all on it's own. Whether you sport this with plain trousers and a sweatshirt, or a classic, upscale suit, you'll really be more chic, savvy, and sophisticated than you'd imagine! Get this luxury briefcase here.
One fashionable pattern that most stylish men can agree on is the ostrich pattern. It's feel is embossed in luxury, and truly a high quality material. Sport this to events, work, or even casually. Get this luxury briefcase here.
Style Tip: Sport a modern briefcase with casual chino pants and moccasin or brogue shoes that are black or brown. This business-casual look makes your style more easy-going, while staying sophsictaed and updated with great style!
While great style can be seen in many different items of high end mens fashion, an excellent look always starts with the briefcase. Getting awesome briefcases that will surely make your look more attractive, professional, and easy-going will do wonders, all while boosting your style status and keeping you organized - excellent, dapper, amazing!


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More Playboy than Easter bunny! Sallie Axl tapes up assets in kinky snap
WHEN we think of Easter, we think of slipping into our trackies, watching TV and gorging on as much chocolate as humanly possible.
But it seems like when Sallie Axl thinks of the holiday, she imagines kinky fetish wear and near-nude selfies.
Is someone trying to steal Jodie Marsh's title as the naughtiest social media sexpot?
The Big Brother vixen posted an alternative Easter card to her Twitter account today, and despite her wearing glitzy bunny ears, there was nothing cutesy about this selfie.
Sallie posed with her ample assets completely exposed, save for a naughty strip of tape criss-crossing over her nips.
Wearing a kinky bodysuit that just covered her stomach and booty, Sallie looked more like the cover of an S&M specialist magazine than someone sending out well wishes for Easter.
Wearing rabbit ears complete with a glamorous face veil and trainers, the tattooed model held up a peace sign, and simply wrote: "Happy Easter" with several bunny emoticons as the photo's caption.
Love her or hate her, you can't deny this lady has some original ideas on how to celebrate the holidays.
The inked-up hottie stayed fairly covered up for the rest of the weekend, though, as she performed a DJ set at Essex's Club 195.
If you didn't know, the buxom babe is quite the aspiring superstar DJ, regularly posting her mixes online, and Sallie looked every inch the starlet in a minimal frock.
Wearing a feminine white skater dress with a bejewelled headband adding a touch of sparkle, Sallie looked positively angelic – well, if it wasn't for the copious amount of skin on show from the daringly low back.
The added flesh-flashing can't have hurt, with Sallie's DJ set receiving glowing reviews on Twitter.
And luckily, the mum-of-one avoided any awkward run-ins with a certain TOWIE love rat and his missus.
Perhaps you should start taking bookings exclusively outside Essex, Sal – you never know when a reality TV spat can kick off.


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A few years ago we thought of running a blog which would be called www.whataneyesore.com. The idea originated from the poor aesthetics in general and design sense (graphic, visual and UX) in particular that Pakistani marketing collateral suffers from. Most of the creative works are an eyesore. They hurt your senses, your mood, and sometimes make you angry somewhere deep inside. While we maybe doing somewhat decent work in TV advertising and print materials in terms of creativity and skill, the story of digital marketing in Pakistan is a dark one with websites that are shabbily designed and basic information like contact numbers (common sense anyone?) are hard to find. Eventually we decided to pursue more constructive things than this blog as eyesores were too many which would have resulted in content overload. There was so much wonderful stuff that we could create at Obscure UX and that is just what we did.
Who is paying so much to agencies of all sizes to create such eyesores?! We have too many companies suffering at the hands of agencies who do not care about reputation, lack a belief system, and would sell their soul for making a quick buck. I thought of visiting the grand mall that Alfatah launched in Lahore only recently near the all famous Hussain Chowk of Gulberg. The Mall has it all from a Pakistani standard – groceries, imported and local brands, various floors that are categorised thoughtfully, but this flyer was something worth sharing. This is what happens to a brand with a reasonable size in retail but limited experience in marketing communications.


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- Home
- Services
- Sectors
- Products and Software
- Development
- Networks
We produce a large number of current and useable Online Services for agricultural needs.
In cooperation with ProAgria Maatalouden Laskentakeskus, we produce a large number of Online Services, to utilize in production planning, calculations, evaluation and follow-up. The online services are especially designed to be used by rural entrepreneurs. For example, the entrepreneur is able to track the business's results and compare data with several reference groups.
In this way, one will gain an understanding of the current business situation and future development needs.
Online services are mainly targeted at dairy, crop and pork entrepreneurs. The services also support ProAgria's experts. The maximum benefit can be obtained by combining online data with the experts' and entrepreneurs' know-how.
For more information, see www.mloy.fi (in Finnish).
Project in 02/2009 – 06/2010
Project in 09/2007 - 10/2009
Employment opportunities within the field of agriculture through building the capacity of the existing agricultural advisory system.


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123 GOP Natlional Security Experts vs Trump
We the undersigned, members of the Republican national security community, represent a broad spectrum of opinion on Americas role in the world and what is necessary to keep us safe and prosperous. We have disagreed with one another on many issues, including the Iraq war and intervention in Syria. But we are united in our opposition to a Donald Trump presidency. Recognizing as we do, the conditions in American politics that have contributed to his popularity, we nonetheless are obligated to state our core objections clearly:
Mr. Trumps own statements lead us to conclude that as president, he would use the authority of his office to act in ways that make America less safe, and which would diminish our standing in the world. Furthermore, his expansive view of how presidential power should be wielded against his detractors poses a distinct threat to civil liberty in the United States. Therefore, as committed and loyal Republicans, we are unable to support a Party ticket with Mr. Trump at its head. We commit ourselves to working energetically to prevent the election of someone so utterly unfitted to the office.


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|Bolted Lettuce - August 2011
Wednesday, 23 January 2013
How Not To Grow Lettuce
46 comments:
Your lettuce will be immortalised in print Elaine, bolted or not! I would have been dead pleased! I have changed my blog header now to a picture of the back garden last year on a rare sunny day, its far cheerier than snow to look at!ReplyDeleteReplies
I must admit I was a little flattered and the photo reminds me that we used to have sunshine once.Delete
When I was growing lettuce for the first time, I had the same results. My lettuce started to flower but I wasn't aware of that. I thought that it's how it should be! So, when I ate a couple of leaves I knew that something was not right. The leaves were bitter as hell! :) Greetings from snowy Poland!ReplyDeleteReplies
Greetings snowy Poland from snowy Britain. It is only when the weather is hot and dry that lettuce usually bolts, when I kept chickens they loved the bolted lettuce, now it just goes on the compost heap.Delete
I'll bet it's for a piece on saving lettuce seed :)ReplyDeleteReplies
Could be Tanya - I never thought to ask.Delete
It's a shame it bolted, but I must say, it is very pretty.ReplyDeleteReplies
I agree if it does bolt I leave it in until I need the space for something else.Delete
It is pretty Elaine.ReplyDelete
I sometimes get requests to use photos and it is often of surprising ones. A magazine once used my photo of a pea maggot!Replies
Do you reckon they just google pea maggot and see what comes up. I googled bolted lettuce but my picture wasn't amongst the images.Delete
I don't know, Elaine - it was for KG magazine. I Googled pea moth larva and carried out an image search and mine did come up. I guess fewer people are daft enough to take such a photo but I needed the image for a educational resource I was creating and I always like to use my own photos.Delete
It is beautiful. As you say, if you try to grow them like that you don't usually have any luck!ReplyDeleteReplies
They certainly didn't get a chance to bolt last year what with the wet weather and slugs.Delete
What an honour. I tend not to grow much lettuce as there's only me in the house who eats it. I find cut and come agains are better for me so I can just harvest a few leaves as I need them.ReplyDeleteReplies
I do grow a lot of salad leaves as well as I tend to have a salad for lunch every day in the summer.Delete
It is very pretty. I like it when you see plants that usually don't get the opportunity to mature in their full glory.ReplyDeleteReplies
Me too - I often leave the psb to flower when it gets beoynd eating - the bees love the flowers too.Delete
I have never grown lettuce so I wouldn't know how to avoid it flowering. I understand it doesn't taste nice when it has boltet, but it looks pretty :-)ReplyDeleteReplies
No Helene it does get bitter - you just have to make sure they are well-watered in hot weather.Delete
I think that congratulations are in order for your photographic talents. It doesn't really matter that the Lettuce has bolted, it's still a good shot.ReplyDelete
It is a truly beautiful sunlit ensemble of bolted lettuce and you should have charged them a fortune. You are officially the Queen of Bolted Lettuce!ReplyDeleteReplies
Well, I'm not sure that's a compliment, but thanks anyway.Delete
I used to hate salad as a child. It was only when I started experimenting with different coloured leaves that it became an attractive proposition. And just as nice seen growing in the garden.ReplyDeleteReplies
I grow loads of the stuff - so much cheaper than buying bags at the supermarket.Delete
I've had some similar approaches recently too. Some of my pics of Cherokee Trail of Tears beans on one website in the US, and a picture of a squirrel in a text-book for use in a UK university. As you say, it's nice that they have had the courtesy to ask for permission. Others would probably grab the image without telling you. Those lettuces of yours are much prettier than many "flowers" I could name.ReplyDelete
It's the same here. I just haven't felt like eating salads, and only use them for 'decoration'. Maybe we could have a 'tallest salad' competition.ReplyDeleteReplies
I think I'd win Cro.Delete
It's a really pretty photo. It's amazing to think how they came across your photo, but great they have asked permission to use it.ReplyDeleteReplies
I did try Google images to see if that was how they found it but the photo didn't come up.Delete
What a cheery vibrant red to brighten up a grey day. No problems here with bolting lettuces either in 2012 :) Good to read that they asked for your permission to use the photo Elaine.ReplyDeleteReplies
I am hoping my salad leaves and lettuces will be a little more successful this year.Delete
How refreshing that someone actually asked first! It will be fun to see just how they use it.ReplyDeleteReplies
I never thought to ask to see a copy when it is printed.Delete
My golden Pak Choi bolted, throwing up beautiful yellow flowers. I kept meaning to photograph them but it was so dull and grey, and then it snowed. Now they are all lying flat on the earth... But sometimes bolted salads - and other plants - are rather beautiful, aren't they!"ReplyDeleteReplies
I have never been able to grow Pak Choi without it bolting but I do leave because it looks so pretty.Delete
Oh Elaine, how wonderful. I am so pleased to read this. When we grew OSU Blue tomatoes, I was delighted to know the OSU meant Oregon State University. So I think your photo is in fine company..a great compliment. The photo is awesome by the way. Hi from snowy Nova Scotia minus 12.ReplyDeleteReplies
Blue tomatoes eh! Did they taste like regular tomatoes? I must admit I did feel honoured by their request. Minus 12 - and I thought we have it bad here at the moment at minus 4.Delete
I think it looks rather beautiful and I imagine it feels like rather nice to know that your photo is being used professionally! Last year I left my PSB and a 9 star broccoli to flower - the bees absolutely loved both and, in the absence of other stuff growing, added a bit of interest to the veg patch.ReplyDeleteReplies
I think of it as a little bonus when plants go to seed.Delete
- Anonymous26 January 2013 at 20:38
Thought I'd left a comment before but must have clicked on the wrong button... Your photo is a great reminder of sunny days, and the long, warm growing season that 2013 is going to bring - wouldn't it be great to be compaining about bolted lettuces because of the heat, instead of slug damage because of the rain!ReplyDeleteReplies
I never thought I would be thinking about a long, hot, dry summer - but I am.Delete
Hi Elaine - what a great photo. Do you mind if I take your link onto my Salad Days post for this month?ReplyDelete
There's no harm in asking them for a copy of the booklet...
... and great that they asked first. My local paper didn't!
Of course Michelle, be my guest.ReplyDelete
If you have enjoyed reading this post why not leave a comment - I would love to hear from you.
Note: only a member of this blog may post a comment.


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When studying the sexualized and desired bodies of both men and women, it's important to look at what constitutes as fairness. The oversexualization of women is something that has become prevalent in our society. Through advertisements and commercials, femininity is constructed as a series of norms and ideas in which women are portrayed as the inferior gender. For example, in music videos, women are constructed as the object of men's desire in a setting where they have little or no control over themselves or their surroundings. Women are seen acting uncontrollably when a man is in front of them and often times, the hyper masculinity and violence of men is often ignored in return for sexual gratification. While these images are obviously problematic because women are placed on the losing end of a scale measured by objectification, I found myself wondering what exactly would I consider to be a fair representations of genders in these music videos?
In some ways, men are now being objectified through the media in ways similar to women; their overly sexualized depictions are in some ways comparable to women. While the ubiquity of sexualization of men is yet to be seen in the same way women are, is this what we would consider to be fairness? I have a hard time believing that the marginalization of any sex or gender can ever be considered fair even if they are being held to the same standards. I propose fairness to be an ideology under which men and women can be positively represented and thus the relationship between men and women can depend less on a hierarchy of genders and more on a respectful portrayal.


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(bArNoSiA) Shocking Documentary: Forbidden Abduction Files: Unexplained Mystery: Paranormal
"The Forbidden Abduction Files" is a series that reveals bizarre and inexplicable occurrences the world over, if their authenticity is to be believed.
This is rare documentary footage, secret, curious, mysterious, prohibited, wyrd (weird), bizarre and paranormal. The document presents several curious secret tapes of unknown origin, creepy events, strange, unusual and sometimes unbelievable paranormal type. True or false? You be the judge.


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Social Security Office/Department of Motor Vehicles Trip
Once we have at least 5 or more people who RSVP to either the Social Security Office or DMV trip, we will schedule a trip to the respective office. Please note, you must have a job offer before you are eligible to apply for Social Security Number. Before you can apply for a state ID or Texas driver's license you must have established Texas residency for at least 30 days.


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Silgan Holdings Inc. (SLGN) is Trading Higher on Unusual Volume for February 03Equities Staff Follow |
Silgan Holdings Inc. (SLGN) experienced unusually high volume on Feb. 03, as the stock gained 2.72% to a closing price of $53.63. The stock saw 709,310 shares trade hands over the course of the day on 6,789 trades. Given that the stock's average daily volume over the last month has been 371,170 shares a day, this represents a pretty substantial spike over the norm.
Silgan Holdings Inc. has a P/B ratio of 5.13. It also has a P/E ratio of 18.8. The stock has traded between $59.26 and $47.00 over the last 52-weeks, its 50-day SMA is now $52.81, and its 200-day SMA $53.05.
Silgan Holdings Inc is a manufacturer of rigid packaging for shelf-stable food and other consumer goods products. It has three business segments namely, metal containers, closures and plastic containers.
Headquartered in Stamford, CT, Silgan Holdings Inc. has 9,200 employees and is currently under the leadership of CEO Anthony J. Allott.
For a complete fundamental analysis analysis of Silgan Holdings Inc., check out Equities.com's Stock Valuation Analysis report for SLGN. To see the latest independent stock recommendations from Equities.com's analysts, visit our Research section.
The Russell 3000 is not well known outside the world of finance, but it's one of the strongest indices out there for getting a broad sense of the stock market. Unlike the better-known Dow Jones Industrial Average or S&P 500, membership on the Russell 3000 isn't selected by committee. It's simply the 3,000 most valuable companies in the country.
With 3,000 stocks making up the index, it gives a broad look at the markets, including the small-and mid-cap companies that aren't on the Dow or the S&P 500. And with a rules-based system for determining membership, there's no bias that could potentially limit membership. That's why many financial professionals will turn to the Russell 3000 long before the better-known indices when trying to take the temperature of the market.
For more news on the financial markets, go to Equities.com. Also, learn more about our independent proprietary equity research reports and our robust do-it-yourself Stock Valuation Analysis reports in our Research section.
All data provided by QuoteMedia and was accurate as of 4:30PM ET.
DISCLOSURE: The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors, and do not represent the views of equities.com. Readers should not consider statements made by the author as formal recommendations and should consult their financial advisor before making any investment decisions. To read our full disclosure, please go to: http://www.equities.com/disclaimer


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Who said you shouldn't reimagine Greek gods as FMCG products? If you thought you'd never read a sentence like that, congratulations – we never thought we'd write one!
This body of work by Tiago Majeulos is a modern take on Greek mythology, with household products as a lens through which to view these tales. We love the simplified style, which in fact harks back to traditional ancient Greek drawing and art.
Weird? Yes. Awesome? Absolutely.
You can check out Tiago Majuelos on Instagram here.


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Business Publishing and Printing Publishing Electronic
Electronic publications are those that are made available on a variety of digital and magnetic media, including magnetic tapes, CDs, DVDs, and downloadable computer files.
This category is for sites that focus on electronic publishing. Primarily it contains sites of businesses that specialize in this field, although it is also appropriate for sites of consultants, informational articles, and trade organizations.
Sites whose primary focus is the technology underlying e-books are not listed here, but instead in Computers: E-Books. Sites whose primary focus is the selling of e-books are not listed here either. They are found in Shopping: Publications: Digital.
This category is for sites that focus on electronic publishing. Primarily it contains sites of businesses that specialize in this field, although it is also appropriate for sites of consultants, informational articles, and trade organizations.
Sites whose primary focus is the technology underlying e-books are not listed here, but instead in Computers: E-Books. Sites whose primary focus is the selling of e-books are not listed here either. They are found in Shopping: Publications: Digital.
Subcategories 3
Related categories 4
Sites 56
Site offers e-brochures and ebooks with digital, electronic, virtual 3D page turning effect.
ACR International LLC
Produces and publishes electronic books on CD-ROM's.
Advancis Digital brochures
Produces multimedia digital brochures complete with page-turning effect for iOS, Android, Mac and Windows.
Alexander Street
Electronic publisher specializing in the Humanities and Social Sciences.
AND International Publishers
Offers publishing solutions based on transportation, navigation and reference databases.
Artmedia Publishing
Contemporary Australian and New Zealand literary and performing arts site, with eBooks, web site links, and monthly Physical Theatre and e-Publishing newsletters.
B&R Samizdat Express
Wide range of electronic books and articles available on CD-ROM, including world literature and advice on internet related business.
Center for Digital Discourse and Culture
Publishes hypertext journals, hosts digital research archives, and cooperates with many international cyberculture organizations.
Clear Springs Press
Downloadable e-books on electronic publishing, alternative health and self-help.
Color Voodoo
Electronic books about colour and symbolism in web design, commercial art, fine art, architecture and interior design.
Conway Greene
Electronic publishing services for governments, associations, corporations and publishers.
Offering an electronic publishing solution that converts PDF files into an electronic "chapter book" with flip pages, giving users a realistic online reading experience.
Creative Data
Site offers conversion of technical publications, training materials and catalogs into various electronic formats, as well as multimedia and animation services.
Digital self publishing
Platform to publish and sell digital goods like ebooks, music or pictures.
DiskUs Publishing
Electronic publisher of fiction, non-fiction and audio books, either on diskette or for digital download.
DocSoft Electronic Publishers
Provides WebBook, a dynamically updated, Interactive Electronic Technical Manual, for use on intranet or CD ROM distribution.
Document Sciences Corporation
Develops, markets and supports family of document automation software products and services used in high volume electronic publishing applications. (Nasdaq: DOCX).
Double Dragon eBooks
Offering sci-fi, fantasy and supernatural tales from new writers.
Offers digital publishing of ebooks, print-on-demand paperbacks, design studio services, website design, domain registration and web hosting plans.
Publishes and posts electronic textooks, course packets, readers, and other materials for college students.
Floodle information ebooks
A listing of free ebooks available for download on a broad range of subjects.
Software converting PDF documents to a book with turning pages.
Foden Press
Publisher of fiction and nonfiction titles including business and marketing books and spreadsheets, children's books, novels and short stories, and insightful religious studies books.
Foremost Press
Publishers of fiction and non-fiction, in printed hard copy and in downloadable electronic version.
Frantically Furtive Minds
An Online publishing organization featuring amateur comics, poems, essays, stories, and other submissions.
Greenwood Electronic Media
Web-based research products for students and professionals.
Helping publishing and broadcast customers create and monetize digital editions, apps, CMS and responsive websites. Southborough, MA.
Haiabusa Studios
Online publisher of books, music and poetry.
Hopkins Technology
Internet and CD-ROM publisher on health, travel, culture and entertainment.
InfoBase Publishers, Inc.
Publishes defense and aerospace industry competitive intelligence databases, contracts and companies information.
Providing access to content through its collection of databases. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
InstaBook Corporation
A system offering publishers and authors instant print-on-demand hard copies.
The Knowhow Shop
Site offers free internet marketing ebooks.
London Circle Publishing
Offers a unique approach for self published authors by converting manuscripts or books to an electronic format.
Macroknow Inc.
Electronic publisher offering website development, distance learning, syndication, corporate problem-solving, research, and seminars.
Mushroom eBooks
Publishers of electronic books in various genres, including fiction and local interest books.
MV Design
Offering a full range of print and website graphic design features.
The creator of innovative software applications for electronic publishing.
Ninestars Information Technologies Ltd.
Offering high quality typesetting, data capturing SGML, XML and other electronic publishing services.
Octavo Digital Imaging
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text:
Big match programme a winner
The blue riband of Kilkenny hurling on the home front is up for grabs on Sunday between two outfits that have never slugged it out, toe to solid toe, in the Tom Walsh Cup final.
Carrickshock and Clara will have their duelling pistols primed, aimed and ready for the mother and father of all county final battles for the honour and glory of their respective parishes.
County final day in Kilkenny is such a very special one in the life of the 'Association and the County Board are no slouches when it comes to the promotion of the occasion.
Year on year they honour the stars of yesteryear with a commemoration of some achievement worthy of the occasion. The surviving members of the team being presented to the crowd are applauded on to the pitch to be greeted by the County Board chairman (Ned Quinn on this occasion).
They stars of the past are afforded the best seats in the house, partake of some appropriate hospitality at half time, and are then guests of the County Board, together with their wives, in the Springhill Court Hotel at a sumptuous dinner, sponsored by the hotel.
I have had a sneak preview of the commemorative programme for the occasion, and it is certainly up there with the best ever. There are some photographs in the 22-page compilation that have seldom if ever been seen before.
I was at the game, and I probably saw the national papers accounts of the games, plus the appropriate photographs, but I have not seen more than the pictures of the teams before getting my hands on the programme.
This is surely a collector's item if ever there was one. There is captivating photographs of both teams in colour marching in regimental order behind the band prior to the game.
We will all remember the photographs of Princess Grace of Monaco, and her husband, Prince Rainier in attendance, but there are some beautifully captivating shots of action around both goalmouths that we have never seen.
The programme will be on sale in Nowlan Park on Sunday, and I defy you not to purchase one. They only cost €3, and are a steal at the price.
They are one of those publications that are put in the bottom of a chest of drawers for posterity, and like the programmes for the 1932 Eucharistic Congress, or the Pope's visit to Galway, are filed away for future generations to peruse and wonder.
For a €3 outlay, a must have item for sure.


text:
Outstanding Operating Performance for America West
America West Airlines announced today that it ranked second among the
major airlines in three out of four categories of operational performance
as reported in the Department of Transportation`s (DOT) Air Travel
Consumer Report for December 2003. The airline`s on-time performance,
completion factor and customer complaints were the second best among the
major airlines, earning employees a fifth $50 performance bonus in seven
The airline`s customer complaints decreased by 67 percent year-over-year
to just 0.36 complaints per 100,000 customers, which is the lowest number
of complaints the airline has reported since 1995. "We`re thrilled that
our customer complaints have reached an eight-year low," said Jeff
McClelland, chief operating officer. "Our 13,000 employees are focused on
providing friendly and helpful service all the time and these latest
statistics show that their hard work is definitely paying off. So, we`re
quite pleased to be making our fifth operating performance payment in the
last seven months."
America West`s on-time performance in December 2003 was 79.4, which was
well above the industry average and the airline`s performance in December
2002. The airline`s completion factor was 98.8 and the number of
mishandled bags was just 4.12 per 1,000 passengers, which is a 20 percent
year-over-year improvement.
America West Airlines is the nation`s second largest low-fare airline and
the only carrier formed since deregulation to achieve major airline
status. America West`s 13,000 employees serve nearly 55,000 customers a
day in 93 destinations in the U.S., Canada, Mexico and Costa Rica.


text:
What Is
Angina (an-JI-nuh or AN-juh-nuh) is chest pain or discomfort that occurs if an area of your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood.
Angina may feel like pressure or squeezing in your chest. The pain also can occur in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. Angina pain may even feel like indigestion.
Angina isn't a disease; it's a symptom of an underlying heart problem. Angina usually is a symptom of coronary heart disease (CHD).
CHD is the most common type of heart disease in adults. It occurs if a waxy substance called plaque (plak) builds up on the inner walls of your coronary arteries. These arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to your heart.
Plaque Buildup in an Artery
Plaque narrows and stiffens the coronary arteries. This reduces the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle, causing chest pain. Plaque buildup also makes it more likely that blood clots will form in your arteries. Blood clots can partially or completely block blood flow, which can cause a heart attack.
Angina also can be a symptom of coronary microvascular disease (MVD). This is heart disease that affects the heart's smallest coronary arteries. In coronary MVD, plaque doesn't create blockages in the arteries like it does in CHD.
Studies have shown that coronary MVD is more likely to affect women than men. Coronary MVD also is called cardiac syndrome X and nonobstructive CHD.
Types of Angina
The major types of angina are stable, unstable, variant (Prinzmetal's), and microvascular. Knowing how the types differ is important. This is because they have different symptoms and require different treatments.
Stable Angina
Stable angina is the most common type of angina. It occurs when the heart is working harder than usual. Stable angina has a regular pattern. ("Pattern" refers to how often the angina occurs, how severe it is, and what factors trigger it.)
If you have stable angina, you can learn its pattern and predict when the pain will occur. The pain usually goes away a few minutes after you rest or take your angina medicine.
Stable angina isn't a heart attack, but it suggests that a heart attack is more likely to happen in the future.
Unstable Angina
Unstable angina doesn't follow a pattern. It may occur more often and be more severe than stable angina. Unstable angina also can occur with or without physical exertion, and rest or medicine may not relieve the pain.
Unstable angina is very dangerous and requires emergency treatment. This type of angina is a sign that a heart attack may happen soon.
Variant (Prinzmetal's) Angina
Variant angina is rare. A spasm in a coronary artery causes this type of angina. Variant angina usually occurs while you're at rest, and the pain can be severe. It usually happens between midnight and early morning. Medicine can relieve this type of angina.
Microvascular Angina
Microvascular angina can be more severe and last longer than other types of angina. Medicine may not relieve this type of angina.
Experts believe that nearly 7 million people in the United States suffer from angina. The condition occurs equally among men and women.
Angina can be a sign of CHD, even if initial tests don't point to the disease. However, not all chest pain or discomfort is a sign of CHD.
Other conditions also can cause chest pain, such as:
- Pulmonary embolism (a blockage in a lung artery)
- A lung infection
- Aortic dissection (tearing of a major artery)
- Aortic stenosis (narrowing of the heart's aortic valve)
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (KAR-de-o-mi-OP-ah-thee; heart muscle disease)
- Pericarditis (inflammation in the tissues that surround the heart)
- A panic attack
All chest pain should be checked by a doctor.
Other Names
- Acute coronary syndrome
- Angina pectoris
- Chest pain
- Coronary artery spasms
- Microvascular angina
- Prinzmetal's angina
- Stable or common angina
- Unstable angina
- Variant angina
Underlying Causes
Angina usually is a symptom of coronary heart disease (CHD). This means that the underlying causes of angina generally are the same as the underlying causes of CHD.
Research suggests that CHD starts when certain factors damage the inner layers of the coronary arteries. These factors include:
- Smoking
- High amounts of certain fats and cholesterol in the blood
- High blood pressure
- High amounts of sugar in the blood due to insulin resistance or diabetes
Plaque may begin to build up where the arteries are damaged. When plaque builds up in the arteries, the condition is called atherosclerosis (ath-er-o-skler-O-sis).
Plaque narrows or blocks the arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle. Some plaque is hard and stable and causes the arteries to become narrow and stiff. This can greatly reduce blood flow to the heart and cause angina.
Other plaque is soft and more likely to rupture (break open) and cause blood clots. Blood clots can partially or totally block the coronary arteries and cause angina or a heart attack.
Immediate Causes
Many factors can trigger angina pain, depending on the type of angina you have.
Stable Angina
Physical exertion is the most common trigger of stable angina. Severely narrowed arteries may allow enough blood to reach the heart when the demand for oxygen is low, such as when you're sitting.
However, with physical exertion—like walking up a hill or climbing stairs—the heart works harder and needs more oxygen.
Other triggers of stable angina include:
- Emotional stress
- Exposure to very hot or cold temperatures
- Heavy meals
- Smoking
Unstable Angina
Blood clots that partially or totally block an artery cause unstable angina.
If plaque in an artery ruptures, blood clots may form. This creates a blockage. A clot may grow large enough to completely block the artery and cause a heart attack. For more information, go to the animation in "What Causes a Heart Attack?"
Blood clots may form, partially dissolve, and later form again. Angina can occur each time a clot blocks an artery.
Variant Angina
A spasm in a coronary artery causes variant angina. The spasm causes the walls of the artery to tighten and narrow. Blood flow to the heart slows or stops. Variant angina can occur in people who have CHD and in those who don't.
The coronary arteries can spasm as a result of:
- Exposure to cold
- Emotional stress
- Medicines that tighten or narrow blood vessels
- Smoking
- Cocaine use
Microvascular Angina
This type of angina may be a symptom of coronary microvascular disease (MVD). Coronary MVD is heart disease that affects the heart's smallest coronary arteries.
Reduced blood flow in the small coronary arteries may cause microvascular angina. Plaque in the arteries, artery spasms, or damaged or diseased artery walls can reduce blood flow through the small coronary arteries.
Risk Factors
Angina is a symptom of an underlying heart problem. It's usually a symptom of coronary heart disease (CHD), but it also can be a symptom of coronary microvascular disease (MVD). So, if you're at risk for CHD or coronary MVD, you're also at risk for angina.
The major risk factors for CHD and coronary MVD include:
- Unhealthy cholesterol levels.
- High blood pressure.
- Smoking.
- Insulin resistance or diabetes.
- Overweight or obesity.
- Metabolic syndrome.
- Lack of physical activity.
- Unhealthy diet.
- Older age. (The risk increases for men after 45 years of age and for women after 55 years of age.)
- Family history of early heart disease.
For more detailed information about CHD and coronary MVD risk factors, visit the Diseases and Conditions Index Coronary Heart Disease, Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors, and Coronary Microvascular Disease articles.
People sometimes think that because men have more heart attacks than women, men also suffer from angina more often. In fact, overall, angina occurs equally among men and women.
Microvascular angina, however, occurs more often in women. About 70 percent of the cases of microvascular angina occur in women around the time of menopause.
Unstable angina occurs more often in older adults. Variant angina is rare; it accounts for only about 2 out of 100 cases of angina. People who have variant angina often are younger than those who have other forms of angina.
Screening and Prevention
You can prevent or lower your risk for angina and heart disease by making lifestyle changes and treating related conditions.
Making Lifestyle Changes
Healthy lifestyle choices can help prevent or delay angina and heart disease. To adopt a healthy lifestyle, you can:
- Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke
- Avoid angina triggers
- Follow a healthy diet
- Be physically active
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Learn ways to handle stress and relax
- Take your medicines as your doctor prescribes
For more information about these lifestyle changes, go to "How Is Angina Treated?" For more information about preventing and controlling heart disease risk factors, visit the Diseases and Conditions Index Coronary Heart Disease, Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors, and Coronary Microvascular Disease articles.
Treating Related Conditions
You also can help prevent or delay angina and heart disease by treating related conditions, such as high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, and overweight or obesity.
If you have one or more of these conditions, talk with your doctor about how to control them. Follow your treatment plan and take all of your medicines as your doctor prescribes.
Signs, Symptoms, and Complications
Pain and discomfort are the main symptoms of angina. Angina often is described as pressure, squeezing, burning, or tightness in the chest. The pain or discomfort usually starts behind the breastbone.
Pain from angina also can occur in the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, throat, or back. The pain may feel like indigestion. Some people say that angina pain is hard to describe or that they can't tell exactly where the pain is coming from.
Signs and symptoms such as nausea (feeling sick to your stomach), fatigue (tiredness), shortness of breath, sweating, light-headedness, and weakness also may occur.
Women are more likely to feel discomfort in the neck, jaw, throat, abdomen, or back. Shortness of breath is more common in older people and those who have diabetes. Weakness, dizziness, and confusion can mask the signs and symptoms of angina in elderly people.
Symptoms also vary based on the type of angina you have.
Because angina has so many possible symptoms and causes, all chest pain should be checked by a doctor. Chest pain that lasts longer than a few minutes and isn't relieved by rest or angina medicine may be a sign of a heart attack. Call 9–1–1 right away.
Stable Angina
The pain or discomfort:
- Occurs when the heart must work harder, usually during physical exertion
- Doesn't come as a surprise, and episodes of pain tend to be alike
- Usually lasts a short time (5 minutes or less)
- Is relieved by rest or medicine
- May feel like gas or indigestion
- May feel like chest pain that spreads to the arms, back, or other areas
Unstable Angina
The pain or discomfort:
- Often occurs at rest, while sleeping at night, or with little physical exertion
- Comes as a surprise
- Is more severe and lasts longer than stable angina (as long as 30 minutes)
- Usually isn't relieved by rest or medicine
- May get worse over time
- May mean that a heart attack will happen soon
Variant Angina
The pain or discomfort:
- Usually occurs at rest and during the night or early morning hours
- Tends to be severe
- Is relieved by medicine
Microvascular Angina
The pain or discomfort:
- May be more severe and last longer than other types of angina pain
- May occur with shortness of breath, sleep problems, fatigue, and lack of energy
- Often is first noticed during routine daily activities and times of mental stress
The most important issues to address when you go to the doctor with chest pain are:
- What's causing the chest pain
- Whether you're having or are about to have a heart attack
Angina is a symptom of an underlying heart problem, usually coronary heart disease (CHD). The type of angina pain you have can be a sign of how severe the CHD is and whether it's likely to cause a heart attack.
If you have chest pain, your doctor will want to find out whether it's angina. He or she also will want to know whether the angina is stable or unstable. If it's unstable, you may need emergency medical treatment to try to prevent a heart attack.
To diagnose chest pain as stable or unstable angina, your doctor will do a physical exam, ask about your symptoms, and ask about your risk factors for and your family history of CHD or other heart diseases.
Your doctor also may ask questions about your symptoms, such as:
- What brings on the pain or discomfort and what relieves it?
- What does the pain or discomfort feel like (for example, heaviness or tightness)?
- How often does the pain occur?
- Where do you feel the pain or discomfort?
- How severe is the pain or discomfort?
- How long does the pain or discomfort last?
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
If your doctor thinks that you have unstable angina or that your angina is related to a serious heart condition, he or she may recommend one or more tests.
EKG (Electrocardiogram)
An EKG is a simple, painless test that detects and records the heart's electrical activity. The test shows how fast the heart is beating and its rhythm (steady or irregular). An EKG also records the strength and timing of electrical signals as they pass through the heart.
An EKG can show signs of heart damage due to CHD and signs of a previous or current heart attack. However, some people who have angina have normal EKGs.
Stress Testing
During stress testing, you exercise to make your heart work hard and beat fast while heart tests are done. If you can't exercise, you may be given medicine to make your heart work hard and beat fast.
When your heart is working hard and beating fast, it needs more blood and oxygen. Plaque-narrowed arteries can't supply enough oxygen-rich blood to meet your heart's needs.
A stress test can show possible signs and symptoms of CHD, such as:
- Abnormal changes in your heart rate or blood pressure
- Shortness of breath or chest pain
- Abnormal changes in your heart rhythm or your heart's electrical activity
As part of some stress tests, pictures are taken of your heart while you exercise and while you rest. These imaging stress tests can show how well blood is flowing in various parts of your heart. They also can show how well your heart pumps blood when it beats.
Chest X Ray
A chest x ray takes pictures of the organs and structures inside your chest, such as your heart, lungs, and blood vessels.
A chest x ray can reveal signs of heart failure. It also can show signs of lung disorders and other causes of symptoms not related to CHD. However, a chest x ray alone is not enough to diagnose angina or CHD.
Coronary Angiography and Cardiac Catheterization
Your doctor may recommend coronary angiography (an-jee-OG-ra-fee) if he or she suspects you have CHD. This test uses dye and special x rays to show the inside of your coronary arteries.
To get the dye into your coronary arteries, your doctor will use a procedure called cardiac catheterization (KATH-e-ter-ih-ZA-shun).
A thin, flexible tube called a catheter is put into a blood vessel in your arm, groin (upper thigh), or neck. The tube is threaded into your coronary arteries, and the dye is released into your bloodstream.
Special x rays are taken while the dye is flowing through your coronary arteries. The dye lets your doctor study the flow of blood through your heart and blood vessels.
Cardiac catheterization usually is done in a hospital. You're awake during the procedure. It usually causes little or no pain, although you may feel some soreness in the blood vessel where your doctor inserts the catheter.
Computed Tomography Angiography
Computed tomography (to-MOG-rah-fee) angiography (CTA) uses dye and special x rays to show blood flow through the coronary arteries. This test is less invasive than coronary angiography with cardiac catheterization.
For CTA, a needle connected to an intravenous (IV) line is put into a vein in your hand or arm. Dye is injected through the IV line during the scan. You may have a warm feeling when this happens. The dye highlights your blood vessels on the CT scan pictures.
Sticky patches called electrodes are put on your chest. The patches are attached to an EKG machine to record your heart's electrical activity during the scan.
The CT scanner is a large machine that has a hollow, circular tube in the middle. You lie on your back on a sliding table. The table slowly slides into the opening of the machine.
Inside the scanner, an x-ray tube moves around your body to take pictures of different parts of your heart. A computer puts the pictures together to make a three-dimensional (3D) picture of the whole heart.
Blood Tests
Blood tests check the levels of certain fats, cholesterol, sugar, and proteins in your blood. Abnormal levels may show that you have risk factors for CHD.
Your doctor may recommend a blood test to check the level of a protein called C-reactive protein (CRP) in your blood. Some studies suggest that high levels of CRP in the blood may increase the risk for CHD and heart attack.
Your doctor also may recommend a blood test to check for low levels of hemoglobin (HEE-muh-glow-bin) in your blood. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein in red blood cells. It helps the blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all parts of your body. If your hemoglobin level is low, you may have a condition called anemia (uh-NEE-me-uh).
Treatments for angina include lifestyle changes, medicines, medical procedures, cardiac rehabilitation (rehab), and other therapies. The main goals of treatment are to:
- Reduce pain and discomfort and how often it occurs
- Prevent or lower your risk for heart attack and death by treating your underlying heart condition
Lifestyle changes and medicines may be the only treatments needed if your symptoms are mild and aren't getting worse. If lifestyle changes and medicines don't control angina, you may need medical procedures or cardiac rehab.
Unstable angina is an emergency condition that requires treatment in a hospital.
Lifestyle Changes
Making lifestyle changes can help prevent episodes of angina. You can:
- Slow down or take rest breaks if physical exertion triggers angina.
- Avoid large meals and rich foods that leave you feeling stuffed if heavy meals trigger angina.
- Try to avoid situations that make you upset or stressed if emotional stress triggers angina. Learn ways to handle stress that can't be avoided.
You also can make lifestyle changes that help lower your risk for coronary heart disease. One of the most important changes is to quit smoking. Smoking can damage and tighten blood vessels and raise your risk for CHD. Talk with your doctor about programs and products that can help you quit. Also, try to avoid secondhand smoke.
If you have trouble quitting smoking on your own, consider joining a support group. Many hospitals, workplaces, and community groups offer classes to help people quit smoking.
For more information about how to quit smoking, go to the Diseases and Conditions Index (DCI) Smoking and Your Heart article and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's (NHLBI's) "Your Guide to a Healthy Heart."
Following a healthy diet is another important lifestyle change. A healthy diet can prevent or reduce high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol and help you maintain a healthy weight.
A healthy diet includes a variety of fruits and vegetables (including beans and peas). It also includes whole grains, lean meats, poultry without skin, seafood, and fat-free or low-fat milk and dairy products. A healthy diet also is low in sodium (salt), added sugars, solid fats, and refined grains.
For more information about following a healthy diet, go to the NHLBI's "Your Guide to Lowering Your Blood Pressure With DASH" and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's ChooseMyPlate.gov Web site. Both resources provide general information about healthy eating.
Other important lifestyle changes include:
- Being physically active. Check with your doctor to find out how much and what kinds of activity are safe for you. For more information, go to the DCI Physical Activity and Your Heart article.
- Maintaining a healthy weight. If you're overweight or obese, work with your doctor to create a reasonable weight-loss plan. Controlling your weight helps you control CHD risk factors.
- Taking all medicines as your doctor prescribes, especially if you have diabetes.
Nitrates are the medicines most commonly used to treat angina. They relax and widen blood vessels. This allows more blood to flow to the heart, while reducing the heart's workload.
Nitroglycerin (NI-tro-GLIS-er-in) is the most commonly used nitrate for angina. Nitroglycerin that dissolves under your tongue or between your cheek and gum is used to relieve angina episodes.
Nitroglycerin pills and skin patches are used to prevent angina episodes. However, pills and skin patches act too slowly to relieve pain during an angina attack.
Other medicines also are used to treat angina, such as beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, oral antiplatelet medicines, or anticoagulants (blood thinners). These medicines can help:
- Lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels
- Slow the heart rate
- Relax blood vessels
- Reduce strain on the heart
- Prevent blood clots from forming
People who have stable angina may be advised to get annual flu shots.
Medical Procedures
If lifestyle changes and medicines don't control angina, you may need a medical procedure to treat the underlying heart disease. Both angioplasty (AN-jee-oh-plas-tee) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are commonly used to treat heart disease.
Angioplasty opens blocked or narrowed coronary arteries. During angioplasty, a thin tube with a balloon or other device on the end is threaded through a blood vessel to the narrowed or blocked coronary artery.
Once in place, the balloon is inflated to push the plaque outward against the wall of the artery. This widens the artery and restores blood flow.
Angioplasty can improve blood flow to your heart and relieve chest pain. A small mesh tube called a stent usually is placed in the artery to help keep it open after the procedure.
During CABG, healthy arteries or veins taken from other areas in your body are used to bypass (that is, go around) your narrowed coronary arteries. Bypass surgery can improve blood flow to your heart, relieve chest pain, and possibly prevent a heart attack.
You will work with your doctor to decide which treatment is better for you.
Cardiac Rehabilitation
Your doctor may recommend cardiac rehab for angina or after angioplasty, CABG, or a heart attack. Cardiac rehab is a medically supervised program that can help improve the health and well-being of people who have heart problems.
The cardiac rehab team may include doctors, nurses, exercise specialists, physical and occupational therapists, dietitians or nutritionists, and psychologists or other mental health specialists.
Rehab has two parts:
- Exercise training. This part helps you learn how to exercise safely, strengthen your muscles, and improve your stamina. Your exercise plan will be based on your personal abilities, needs, and interests.
- Education, counseling, and training. This part of rehab helps you understand your heart condition and find ways to reduce your risk for future heart problems. The rehab team will help you learn how to adjust to a new lifestyle and deal with your fears about the future.
For more information about cardiac rehab, go to the DCI Cardiac Rehabilitation article.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation Therapy
Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) therapy is helpful for some people who have angina. Large cuffs, similar to blood pressure cuffs, are put on your legs. The cuffs are inflated and deflated in sync with your heartbeat.
EECP therapy improves the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle and helps relieve angina. You typically get 35 1-hour treatments over 7 weeks.
Living With
Angina isn't a heart attack, but it does increase your risk of having a heart attack. The risk is even higher if you have unstable angina. For these reasons, it's important that you know:
- The usual pattern of your angina, if you have it regularly.
- What medicines you take (keep a list) and how to take them. Make sure your medicines are readily available.
- How to control your angina.
- The limits of your physical activity.
- How and when to seek medical attention.
Know the Pattern of Your Angina
Stable angina usually occurs in a pattern. You should know:
- What causes the pain to occur
- What the pain feels like
- How long the pain usually lasts
- Whether rest or medicine relieves the pain
After several episodes, you'll learn the pattern of your angina. You'll want to pay attention to whether the pattern changes. Pattern changes may include angina that occurs more often, lasts longer, is more severe, occurs without physical exertion, or doesn't go away with rest or medicines.
These changes may be a sign that your symptoms are getting worse or becoming unstable. You should seek medical help. Unstable angina suggests that you're at high risk for a heart attack very soon.
Know Your Medicines
You should know what medicines you're taking, the purpose of each, how and when to take them, and possible side effects. Know exactly when and how to take fast-acting nitroglycerin or other nitrates to relieve chest pain.
Correctly storing your angina medicines and knowing when to replace them also is important. Your doctor can advise you about this.
If you have side effects from your medicines, let your doctor know. You should never stop taking your medicines without your doctor's approval.
Talk with your doctor if you have any questions or concerns about taking your angina medicines. Tell him or her about any other medicines you're taking. Some medicines can cause serious problems if they're taken with nitrates or other angina medicines.
Know How To Control Your Angina
After several angina episodes, you'll know the level of activity, stress, and other factors that trigger your angina. By knowing this, you can take steps to prevent or lessen the severity of episodes.
Physical Exertion
Know what level of physical exertion triggers your angina and try to stop and rest before chest pain starts. For example, if walking up a flight of stairs leads to chest pain, stop halfway and rest before continuing.
If chest pain occurs during physical exertion, stop and rest or take your angina medicine. The pain should go away in a few minutes. If the pain doesn't go away or lasts longer than usual, call 9–1–1 for emergency care.
Emotional Stress
Anger, arguing, and worrying are examples of emotional stress that can trigger angina. Try to avoid or limit situations that cause these emotions.
Exercise and relaxation can help relieve stress. Alcohol and drug use play a part in causing stress and don't relieve it. If stress is a problem for you, talk with your doctor about getting help for it.
Eating Large Meals
If large meals lead to chest pain, eat smaller meals. Also, avoid eating rich foods.
Know the Limits of Your Physical Activity
Most people who have stable angina can continue their normal activities. This includes work, hobbies, and sexual relations. However, if you do very strenuous activities or have a stressful job, talk with your doctor.
Know How and When To Seek Medical Attention
Angina increases your risk for a heart attack. It's important that you and your family know how and when to seek medical attention.
Talk with your doctor about making an emergency action plan. The plan should include making sure you and your family members know:
- The signs and symptoms of a heart attack
- How to use aspirin and nitroglycerin when needed
- How to access emergency medical services in your community
- The location of the nearest hospital that offers 24-hour emergency heart care
Discuss your emergency plan with your family members. Take action quickly if your chest pain becomes severe, lasts longer than a few minutes, or isn't relieved by rest or medicine.
Sometimes it's hard to tell the difference between unstable angina and a heart attack. Both are emergencies, so you should call 9–1–1 right away.
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) leads or sponsors many studies aimed at preventing, diagnosing, and treating heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders.
Can chelation therapy prevent complications of ischemic heart disease in people with diabetes?
Learn more about participating in a clinical trial.
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KODE5 Launches KODE5 Latin America
KODE5 Launches KODE5 Latin America news post from TweakTown's online news computing and technology content pages
By: Steve Dougherty | Posted: May 4, 2006 5:16 pm
Comment | Email to a Friend | Font Size: AA
The KODE5 Global Gaming Revolution continues to spread like wildfire around the globe, with a fresh announcement today highlighting the launch of "KODE5 Latin America". This will consist of gaming events to take place across six latin american countries (Paraguay, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, Argentina, and the latin american final to be held in Chile).
Grab this latest KODE5 announcement for the full scoop.
(Santiago, CHILE) - May 2, 2006 - With German and Taiwanese events already announced, word of the KODE5 Global Gaming Revolution is spreading at a rapid pace. Today, KODE5, in association with LanParty Chile and SouthFrag, are pleased to add KODE5 Latin America to the growing list of KODE5 events. KODE5 Latin America holds Quake 4, Counter-Strike 1.6, and Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne qualifiers across 5 Latin American countries. The top gamers from each region will then do battle at the KODE5 Latin American Final, this year held in Santiago, Chile. Featuring music concerts, PC clinics, a 500-seat BYOC and more, the KODE5 Latin American Finals will be an event to remember. The KODE5 Global Gaming Revolution is supported globally by Foxconn and Corsair Memory, and takes competitive gaming to an international stage with events being held in 20+ countries worldwide.
Got an opinion on this news? Post a comment below!


text: Decisions of the High Court, continued Text Size a a a Print Page Content A dispute between a national union, the Amalgamated Society of Engineers and an engineering and saw-milling factory owned by the Western Australian government was referred to the High Court. The Commonwealth sought to legislate for the union because it believed that under Section 51(xxxv) of the Constitution, it had the power to make laws for State-based businesses when the dispute extended beyond State boundaries. The High Court agreed, giving a much broader interpretation to Commonwealth Industrial Powers in the Constitution by ruling that Commonwealth Industrial Law could apply to Western Australian State agencies, and by implication, to other States. It brushed aside any belief that interpretation of the Commonwealth's powers should be limited by concern for the rights of the States, since the Commonwealth Constitution does not say anything about what those rights are. The decisions and the principles laid down in The Engineers Case have permitted Commonwealth laws to intrude into areas that would otherwise have been subject to State control. It has become a major precedent case for similar decisions expanding Commonwealth power at the expense of the States.


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Safety First When Boating
Boating is a rewarding hobby for any one, but without keeping the proper safety in mind, you can set yourself up for a disaster: always remember safety first. Whenever you head out on your boat, keeping everyone that is onboard safe should be your first priority. There are several rules to keep in mind to help protect your friends and family when on your boat.
First, make sure that you have the proper safety equipment on the boat, and check it every time you go out. The most important piece of safety equipment you need to have available is a life jacket. The boat should be equipped with a life jacket to fit every passenger. Do not take this lightly, because the life of someone you love could rest on having properly fitting life jackets available. If you have children, check the life jackets to make sure that they still fit and the child has not outgrown the vest.
Anytime you have a child on your boat who is younger than six years old, that child must wear a life jacket! Even if they do not intend to get into the water, they must be protected. It is a good idea to put a life jacket on anyone who does not know how to swim, but it is the law that you have one on small children, because they can lose their balance easily and tumble overboard.
When you take your boat on the water it is important to make safety first; always tell someone on shore where you are going to be. Do not assume that if something happens there will be someone to rescue you and your family. Give someone on land a time to expect you back, and a number to call if you are not back in time. Keep in mind that the majority of boating accidents do not occur on the open sea, but rather on local lakes. This is due to the fact that people assume they will be safe on a smaller body of water, and do not tell others where they are going to be.
Make sure your boat is equipped with a throw bag or some other type of line to assist a drowning person. Many boating related deaths occur because a non-swimmer falls into the water and is not rescued in time. Avoid jumping into the water after someone, as a drowning person quickly becomes incoherent. It is better to throw them a line and tow them back to the boat then to risk a second person's life.
Avoid consuming much alcohol when on your boat. While it is fun to drink while boating, remember that even a little alcohol affects your sense of balance, making it difficult to walk straight and keep your footing. Alcohol consumption can also affect your vision.
Be sure your boat is equipped with a radio, and should you run into a problem, use the "Mayday" call. If your situation is not an emergency, you can simply call the Coast Guard on your radio. If you are stranded without one, try to signal a passing boat to call the Coast Guard. Make sure your boat has a package of working flares you can use to signal passing boats.
If your boat should capsize, you must find something to hang onto to keep you from going underwater. Even the most experienced swimmer will only be able to stay above water for a short time without a floatation device. If you cannot reach your life jacket, find something else to float on. If you are traveling with a cooler, this is a good option to use as a floatation device. Provided they do not fill with water, coolers will float. A larger cooler can become a floatation device for several people.
Keep close tabs on your location when on the water. If you have navigation equipment, check it frequently, and keep your location in mind. This will ensure that you will be found should you run into trouble. If you do not know where you are, your rescuers will have trouble getting help to you and the people in your party.


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RRB ASM , TT, Goods Guard Important Bits
|RRB ASM Goods Guard Important Bits
1. Which one of the following Articles of the Constitution vests the executive power of the Union in the president?
a) Article 51
b) Article 52
c) Article 53
d) Article 54
2. The Constitution of Indian provides for an Election Commission under Article—
a) 321
b) 322
c) 323
d) 324
3. Consider the following statements and state which one of them is correct?
a) Supreme Court of India has only original Jurisdiction
b) It has only original and appellate Jurisdiction
c) It has only advisory and appellate Jurisdiction
d) It has original, appellate as well as advisory Jurisdiction
4. The Framing of the Constitution of India was completed by—
a) January 26, 1950
b) November 26, 1949
c) February 11, 1948
d) None of these
5. Establishment of the panchayati Raj System was recommended by—
a) The Government of India Act 1935
b) The Cripps Mission of 1942
c) The Indian Independence Act 1947
d) Balwant Rai Mehta Committee Report 1957
6. The Guardian of Fundamental Rights is—
a) Judiciary
b) Executive
c) Parliament
d) None of these
7. Which one of the following is not a correct situation of the status of a Central Council of Ministers at the time of the their resignation?
a) President's rule will be imposed
b) The president will ask to continue till alternative arrangement
c) Alternative arrangement means earliest possible general election to be held to form a new Government
d) Outgoing Council of Ministers may have to hold charge till the formation of new
8. Which one of the following is not an important and permanent constituent in the
Constitutional History of India as adopted in the Government of India Act, 1935?
a) A written Constitution for the country
b) Elected representatives responsible to the legislature
c) Envisaging a scheme of Federation
d) Nomination of official members to the legislature
9. Which one of the following is not concerned with the Panchayats?
a) The State Election Commission will conduct panchayat elections
b) The Constitution (74th Amendment) Act
c) There shall be a fixed five year term for all the Panchayats
d) Fresh elections would have to be held within six months of the dissolution of a Panchayat
10. Which one of the following is Directive principle of the State policy?
a) Uniform Civil Code
b) Freedom of the press
c) Freedom of the Religion
d) Equality before Law
11. In a Parliamentary system of the Government—
a) Judiciary controls Executive
b) Executive controls Judiciary
c) Executive controls Legislature
d) Legislature controls Executive
12. Estimates Committee is constituted from the members of—
a) Both the Houses
b) The Rajya Sabha
c) The Lok Sabha
d) None of these
13. Which one of the following points differentiates the Indian Parliamentary system from the British parliamentary system?
a) Collective Responsibility
b) Judicial Review
c) Bicameral legislature
d) Real and nomination Executive
14. Power of the president to grant pardons etc. is a—
a) Legislative power
b) Judicial Power
c) Executive power
d) None of the above
15. Right to Vote and Right to be elected in India in a
a) Constitutional Right
b) Fundamental Right
c) Legal Right under an Act
d) None of these
16. Which among the following State has the lowest of elected member in the Rajya Sabha ?
a) Chhattisgarh
b) Himachal Pradesh
c) Jharkhand
d) Jammu-kashmir
17. Which one of the following was a leap year?
a) 1300
b) 1100
c) 1900
d) 2000
18. If 450 students take an admission test for joining a navodaya Vidyalaya of which 10% get overage and 20% fail to get through. How many of examinees would get admitted to the school?
a) 310
b) 315
c) 300
d) 410
19. What number will occur at the end of the following series?
13, 23, 34, 46, 59,………?
a) 69
b) 70
c) 72
d) 73
20. If a 36 inches long strip of cloth shrinks to 33 inches after being washed, how many inches long will the same strip remain after washing if it were 48 inches long?
a) 47 inches
b) 44 inches
c) 45 inches
d) 46 inches
21. For natural numbers, the statement (a+b)+c=a+(b+c) is known as—
a) Closure law
b) Commutative law
c) Distributive law
d) Associative law
22. Which of the following number is such that if divided by 13, Yields a remainder of 4 and when divided by 17, it leaves a remainder 11?
a) 654
b) 589
c) 576
d) 760
23. If the code of ABSENT is ZYHVMG, then the code of PRESENT will be—
a) KIHVHGM
b) KIVHVMG
c) KITMHMG
d) GKITYTL
24. The diagonals of a rhombus are of length 24 cm and 10 cm. The perimeter of the rhombus is—
a) 72 cm
b) 68 cm
c) 56 cm
d) 52 cm
25. If the radius of a circle is increased by 50% then area of the circle will increase by—
a) 50%
b) 75%
c) 100%
d) 125%
26. Which one of the following is different from the below one?
a) Guitar
b) Flute
c) Sarod
d) Veena
27. Frequency polygon can be superimposed on a histogram by joining the—
a) Mid points of the upper side
b) Left end points of the upper side
c) Right end points of the upper side
d) Neither of these
28. The cut point of Less than' and 'more than' cumulative frequency curves corresponds to the—
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Mode
d) Q1
29. From a pack of 52 cards, two cards are drawn. The number of ways that these are one king and one Queen are—
a) 16
b) 12
c) 8
d) 4
30. A batsman in his 17th inning makes a score of 85, and thereby increases his average by 3. His average after 17th inning is—
a) 37
b) 35
c) 33
d) 31
RRB ASM , TT, Goods Guard Important Bits Reviewed by SSC IBPS on 12:22:00 Rating:


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Dimplex PF3033HG Firebox, 33 Inch Premium, Hanging Glass, Glass Media
Free Shipping!
- 1000 Sq. Ft. Coverage Area
- 5118 BTUs
- Multi-Fire XD Flames
- Reviews
- Description
- Specifications
- Benefits
- Resources
Dimplex PF3033HG Firebox, 33 Inch Premium, Hanging Glass, Glass Media
The Dimplex PF3033HG Firebox, 33 Inch Premium, Hanging Glass, Glass Media features some of the most advanced heating options on the market. It has an infrared heater with a maximum output of 5118 and is effective in rooms up to 1000 square feet. The heater is equipped with a fan that circulates heat quickly, so it warms you up almost as soon as you turn it on. On cold days, use the heat boost feature. It briefly switches the heater onto its highest settings in order to spread a burst of hot air throughout the room, raising the temperature extremely quickly.
The fireplace is also equipped with Dimplex's patented Comfort$aver technology. It monitors the temperature in the room and automatically adjusts the fan speed and wattage in order to provide optimal heating. Used consistently, Comfort$aver technology can save you up to 11 percent on your annual heating bills.
Special Features
- 5118 BTU Heat Output
- Heats Rooms up to 1000 Sq. Ft.
- Heat Boost Feature Warms Rooms Rapidly
- Comfort$aver Technology Provides Optimal Heating
- Multi-Fire XD Flames
- Acrylic Ice Fire Bed
- Motion-Activated
- Eco-Mode
- Multi-Function Remote Control
- Floating Temperature Display
Realistic Flames
The Dimplex PF3033HG Firebox comes with multi-fire XD flames, which can be programmed to reproduce a wood-burning fire or a gas fire, as well as a range of different colored flames. It also comes with different themes to help set the right mood, from pulsating to vibrant.
The gWave feature lets you activate the Dimplex PF3033HG Firebox with just a wave of your hands. Program your fireplace with your preferred heat settings and the motion sensors will automatically turn on the heater when you enter the room.
Eco Mode
Eco Mode helps save money by reducing the wattage on the Dimplex PF3033HG Firebox to 750 watts, lowering energy consumption by as much as 33 percent.
Remote Control
The Dimplex PF3033HG Firebox comes with a multi-function remote control that lets you adjust all of its settings and features from anywhere in the room, including the temperature, timer, and flame brightness.
Floating Display
The Dimplex PF3033HG Firebox makes it easy to monitor the temperature and features of the unit with its on-screen display. It hovers in the upper corner of the screen and shows you the temperature and the settings for the special features, such as the timer.
Guaranteed Satisfaction.
- 1 Year Limited Manufacturers Warranty
- Up To 30 days to return your purchase
- Money back guaranteed
- Free return shipping
- No restocking fees
- Model: PF3033HG
- Product Type: Dimplex PF3033HG FIREBOX, 33 Inch PREMIUM, HANGING
- Product Dimensions: L: 9.25" x W: 33.18" x H: 23.40"
- Product Weight: 55.00 lbs.
- Product Color: Black
- Application: A powerful heater with advanced features.
- Warranty: 1 Year Limited Manufacturers Warranty
- Voltage: 120 volts
- Watts: 1500 watts
- Amps: 12.5 amps
- Heating Capacity: 5118 BTUs
- Room Size: 1000 square feet
- Fireplace Style: Wall Mount
- Heating Method: Fan-Forced
- Mantel Width: 33.125 inches
- Number of Heat Settings: 2
- Variable Heat Settings: Yes
- Remote Control: Yes
- Product Finish: Black
- Includes Firebox: Yes
- Automatic Shut-Off: No
- Requires Venting: No
- On/Off Heat: Yes
- Flame Intensity Control: Yes
- Automatically Adjusts Wattage & Fan Speed for Optimal Heating
- Heats Rooms up to 1000 Sq. Ft.
- Maximum Heat Output of 5118 BTUs
- Motion-Acitivated
- Multi-Fire XD Flames
- Warms Rooms Quickly with Heat Boost


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The preserve is a sanctuary for bikers and hikers who enjoy seven miles of paved trails through the various coastal ecosystems. Some of these include tidal marshes, pine flatwoods, basin marshes, and hardwood hummoks which comprise the estuary. It is also a hub for fishing and birding due to the many saltwater fish in the tidal waters and sea birds which inhabit the salt marshes. Trails in the preserve are part of the Great Florida Birding Trail. pet lovers enjoy the preserve also as dogs are allowed provided they are on leashes.
For those who prefer a more relaxed tour of the preserve, there are boat tours and cruises available on select days. The Heritage Eco-Boat Tour is a 1 and a half hour guided boat tour where you travel along the estuary and learn about the Pre-Columbian peoples who lived in the river's estuary thousands of years ago. It runs Monday, Wednesday, and Friday at 10:30am and 1:30pm. Tours are subject to cancellation due to weather so call the Visitor's Center ahead of time to check availability (352.563.0450).
Another cruising tour, which is only available once a month is the Sunset Cruise. This boat tour takes you out onto the Gulf of Mexico at dusk so you can witness the beautiful ocean sunset. Refreshments are available for this spectacular cruise. Because this cruise is only offered once a month, it is important to schedule ahead by calling the Visitor's Center (352.563.0450).
Photo courtesy of www.visitcitrus.com


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I decided to start small after seeing krussellstudio's YouTube video. I love the simplicity of this mini and was able to make my own in a couple of afternoons.
I used a paper pad that I have been hoarding forever called Whirly Bird by My Mind's Eye. Love this paper. The colors are fantastic and it made a fun, colorful book for my dies. All I did was fold my 12 x 12 papers in half and sandwiched a piece of kraft paper in between for a little extra support.
More hoarding confessions? Those Stampin' Up jumbo brads. They stopped selling them (WHY????) and I love them.
I used my felt letters for the title and I found that I had run out of the letter e. So I made one from a c and a piece that tore off another when I was too rough with it. It looks okay. If this was a gift for someone then I would have figured out something else to use but since this is for my personal use, and just for my dies to boot, they'll work just fine. I lightly brushed over the felt with my Walnut Stain distress ink.
With my scraps, I created this card (x4). I had little slivers of paper left from trying to get that perfect sized page and together, with some tulle and Walnut Stain distress ink, they make an adorable (and easy) card.
Hope this finds you happy and healthy.


text:
Contact Us
We are Mail Order Only, so do not have shops that you can visit.
Brochure - Text name, house number and postcode to 07982 765511, or Select Printer Friendly from the black box drop down on the Wig Pages to print your own.
Monday to Friday - 9.15 to 3.15 - (other times when we are available)
Your Delivery Address;
Return Details Click here
Security - You dont log into our web site, as we dont hold customer details on the web site, and our office customer computers are not on the internet.


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Ikhras recently informed readers we had received a batch of emails sent by Palestinian-American Zionist and member of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC) National Board of Directors, Ray Hanania. At the time we did not release the emails, but did report that in one of them Hanania used the word "raghead", and published a short snippet that included the anti-Arab epithet. The emails which were sent from Hanania's publicly listed email spanned from August 2010 – March 2011, and were part of an extended thread of exchanges between Hanania and an Ikhras reader in Michigan, Mahmoud. In our initial report we stated we agreed to use Mahmoud's first name only, but did confirm his full identity, and verified he was the person corresponding with Hanania and to whom Hanania's emails were sent.
After our report Hanania denied using the anti-Arab slur and claimed the emails were a fabrication. We then sent a letter to the national office and leaders of the ADC including the President and Vice-President asking them to address the behavior and misconduct of their board member. We expressed the concerns of the Arab-American community, urged them to give this issue the attention it deserves, and asked them take whatever action they deem appropriate. The ADC leadership has not repudiated Hanania or taken any action. After Hanania's denials and ludicrous allegations, the ADC's refusal to address this serious matter, and repeated requests by our readers we have reconsidered our initial decision and decided to publish the emails. We warn our readers the profanity-laced emails contain obscene language and vulgar descriptions. We are releasing them in their entirety and publishing them in context. The following are the "Hanania Emails":
The first three screenshots designated A, B, and C depict the "raghead" email (A) and incontrovertible proof it was sent by Hanania. The next series of snapshots are the complete batch of "Hanania Emails" sorted by date beginning with oldest: Total of 12 correspondences, "raghead" remark can be seen again in #5


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In the first detailed public discussion of the Bush administration's plans for a postwar Iraq, senior officials told Congress today that it would take more than two years for the United States military to transfer control of Iraq's government to Iraqi leaders.
The officials, seeking to demonstrate to skeptical senators that the administration's planning was advanced, outlined steps for administering and democratizing Iraq after the ouster of Saddam Hussein.
Those would include finding and destroying Iraq's weapons of mass destruction, eliminating terrorist cells, starting economic reconstruction, purging Baathist leaders from the bureaucracy, protecting oil fields and securing the country's borders -- particularly with Iran. They would be carried out by American and coalition forces.
The United States would also play a leading role in rebuilding Iraq's oil industry. This could cost as much as $10 billion if Mr. Hussein follows through on his threats to destroy oil wells, pipelines and refineries, as he did in Kuwait during the the Persian Gulf war of 1991, the officials said.
If Mr. Hussein ''utterly destroys'' Iraq's oil industry, ''it will make for a horrific reconstruction project,'' said one of the officials, Douglas J. Feith, the undersecretary of defense for policy.Continue reading the main story
Although the United States Central Command, under the leadership of Gen. Tommy R. Franks, would oversee Iraq during the military occupation, the officials said they were not looking at the postwar occupation of Japan under General Douglas MacArthur -- which lasted seven years -- as a model.
''The United States would have a commitment to leave as soon as possible,'' Mr. Feith said.
Mr. Feith's words were tempered, however, by his colleague, Marc Grossman, the undersecretary of state for political affairs, who told the senators that even under good circumstances, it would probably take two years or more for the military to transfer control of many ministries to Iraqi officials.
To speed the growth of an indigenous, Democratic-leaning Iraqi leadership, the United States would encourage Iraqi exiles, bureaucrats, professionals and local leaders to form committees to assist General Franks in several important ways: helping administer the bureaucracy, revising Iraq's laws and drafting a new constitution, the officials said.
''We will demonstrate to the Iraqi people and the world that the United States wants to liberate, not occupy or control their economic resources,'' Mr. Grossman said.
But the two officials also said the Bush administration had ruled out plans for helping Iraqi exiles create a provisional government.
The two faced skeptical senators from both parties, who sharply questioned whether the administration had done enough to prepare for the aftermath of a war. And despite their efforts to release new details of the administration's planning, they were chastised by lawmakers for not providing enough information about costs and timetables for reconstruction. On several occasions, Mr. Feith said the cost of rebuilding Iraq was ''unknowable,'' because it was impossible to predict the severity of war-related damage.
''We have a right to know,'' said Senator Joseph R. Biden Jr. of Delaware, the ranking Democrat.
Senator Christopher J. Dodd, Democrat of Connecticut, called Mr. Grossman's assertion that the United States could transfer control of the government to the Iraqi people in two years ''naïve.''
''I think it's better to be upfront with the American people,'' Mr. Dodd said. ''It's going to be very expensive and take a long, long time, particularly if we're doing it ourselves.''
Senators from both parties said that the sheer cost and magnitude of rebuilding Iraq would require coalition assistance -- and they questioned whether tensions with France and Germany had complicated postwar cooperation. ''Aren't we wiser to bring our coalition partners along?'' asked Senator Chuck Hagel, Republican of Nebraska.
Mr. Grossman said the United States had been consulting closely with numerous allies about reconstruction, though he declined to name them.Continue reading the main story


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Construction Services
Utility services for building, development and construction projects
Builders and developers are very important to the growth and prosperity of our communities. That's why we offer support for your project from beginning to end. Start by submitting your request online and use our checklists and resources to help plan your project.