text:
One nice thing to do during the month of Ramadan is food exchanged between friends and neighbors. Usually sweet dessert or something sweet for iftar (breaking the fast).
My friend, Santy gave us these Lemon Cream Puff and they were absolutely delicious!!
On the next day, another friend of mine mbak Ani sent us Putu Ayu...yum yumm! And I couldn't resist taking picture of this cake...they were gorgeous and so photogenic :).
Santy also shared the recipe. Here's the Lemon Cream Puff's recipe.
Lemon Cream Puffs
cream puff
Ingredients :
1/2 cup water,
1/4 cup butter,
1/2 cup flour,
2 eggs
Directions :
- boil water & butter, add flour, stir until smooth, let stand 5 minutes.
- add egg one at a time, beat well.
- pre heat oven 200 Celcius.
- drop teaspoonful of dough on baking sheet. bake 35 minutes.
lemon cream
Ingredients :
1 egg beaten,
1/3 cup sugar,
juice of 1 lemon,
1/2 tsp vanilla,
2 TBS butter
1 cup whipping cream,
2 tsp sugar
Directions :
- combine egg, sugar, lemon juice, butter, vanilla and bring to boil, medium heat.
- remove and cool quickly (place pan in ice water).
- transfer to bowl, close with plastic wrap, put in the fridge for 1 hour.
- beat whip cream & sugar until stiff, add lemon mixture. stir well.
- split puffs and fill in with lemon cream.


text:
Some features and content are limited to members only. You may sign up here. Please allow up to 48 hours to receive your validation.
Please join us for the Briar Forest Super Neighborhood meeting
Our guest speaker is State District 133 Representative Jim Murphy who will give us a legislative preview.
BFSN will host District 7 candidate Lizzie Fletcher. The program structure is a focus on BFSN recovery from Harvey, flooding mitigation, and enabling and funding improvements for Buffalo Bayou to reduce flooding. In addition to our speaker we will have security report, Community Leadership interaction and Community Affairs updates.
This will be an opportunity to hear from Judge Emmett about the overall bond program and to express our community perspective on project needs for Buffalo Bayou. Russ Poppe, Director HCFCD, will also attend. Our county leadership needs to hear our concerns and understand why appropriate projects must be included to improve Buffalo Bayou conveyance east of Beltway 8 to reduce flooding in our neighborhoods.
Come volunteer and help clean like you mean it in Terry Hershey Park along Buffalo Bayou! This is an spring annual tradition for BFSN and we have a good time!
Individuals are welcome as are groups. A group registration can be completed on line at: http://www.trashbash.org/group-reservations.html
An individual registration form is needed for every volunteer, in groups or individuals. Please have each participant complete registration and waiver form in advance. Bring completed forms to sign-in at site – if you aggregate your group this expedites registration. You may print the Trash Bash registration form or you may use the form accessible at the H-GAC website: http://www.trashbash.org/volunteers.html.
Briar Forest Super Neighborhood is a site sponsor for Terry Hershey. If you can assist in operating the site we need your help with registration, set up transportation guides and clean up and more. Our set –up begins at 6:30 am at the pavilion/parking lot at 15332 Memorial, on Langham Creek. Contact me or Judson Bryant of you can assist – we appreciate it.
Trash Bash details will be discussed at our meeting on Tuesday March 20. The attached map provides information on the activities Thank you again for your support.
I look forward to seeing you Saturday March 24
Michael Huffmaster
Our program features Mary Ann Weber Communications Director Houston Audubon Society who will present Birds of the Bayou and environs.
Additionally we address security, get updated on City events with CM Greg Travis, and discuss our community affairs.
Finally we will discuss the City of Houston Ch 19 draft revision – flood plain regulations. These revise building elevations, flood pool elevation and we will outline their timing and impact on rebuilding homes in Briar Forest Super Neighborhood.. Chapter 19 revisions will be presented to TTI committee of City Council on March 21
Monday, March 19, 2018
Tallowood Church 555 Tallowood Rd., Houston 77024
Our February program features Jim Blackburn, environmental attorney and Rice University professor, discussing Houston Post Harvey. Jim was keynote speaker at a post-Harvey perspective presented at the Chronicle hosted event in December. Now, Jim has undertaken formation of the Bayou City Initiative to maintain public dialogue and engagement about flooding mitigation and policy. Jim will share his perspective on how Houston must manage recovery with paucity of federal and state funds as well as our role as citizens in public dialogue as the key to making effective change in policy needed to mitigate flooding.
Our January program features Jim Blackburn, environmental attorney and Rice University professor, discussing Houston Post Harvey. Jim was keynote speaker at a post-Harvey perspective presented at the Chronicle hosted event in December. Now, Jim has undertaken formation of the Bayou City Initiative to maintain public dialogue and engagement about flooding mitigation and policy. Jim will share his perspective on how Houston must manage recovery with paucity of federal and state funds as well as our role as citizens in public dialogue as the key to making effective change in policy needed to mitigate flooding.
Hurricane Harvey Resources
From the Office of
Representative Jim Murphy
(Til it gets too HOT or we run out of steam!)
Come out Saturday morning to be a part of the project sponsored by Friends of Francklow Park (if weather allows)
Part of the plan for Francklow Park has been to encourage the growth of native tree and plant species in the park. A number of non-native or domesticated plants such as Chinese Tallow (Triadica sebifera, native of eastern Asia), Japanese Ligustrum (Ligustrum japonicum, native of Japan, Korea) and Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinese, native of China) among others are evident in the park. These plants with their hardy, aggressive growth shade, out compete and displace the native species. The objective of the project is to remove these invasives from the park over time.
Come out Saturday and be a part of the project.
(This is NOT a suitable project for young children.)
BRING: Pruning saws, heavy duty loppers
Join Wilcrest Park's design team!
Westchase District, in partnership with the City of Houston is moving forward with design for 3.6 acre Wilcrest Park, located just north of the Robinson Westchase Library (3223 Wilcrest), next to the Library Loop Trail!
At our first meeting, we gathered input from the community to determine what amenities the park should include. Our second community meeting will give participants a chance to review and comment on potential park concepts, and share their thoughts on how the selected amenities should be placed on the site. We welcome the general public to join us at the park site located at 3100 Wilcrest Drive for our Second Community Input Meeting on Saturday, April 22, at 9 a.m.
If you missed the opportunity to share what amenities you'd like to see in Wilcrest Park at the first meeting, please take our online survey and give us your ideas!
I ask that you please advertise this community meeting and encourage anyone who may be interested to come out and participate.
Go to our Facebook page and share our posts that include the invitation and survey links.
We want your ideas for the programming and design of Wilcrest Park!
Westchase District, in partnership with the City of Houston, is developing a 3.6 acre park located just north of the Robinson Westchase Library (3223 Wilcrest), adjacent to the Library Loop Trail! The first step in our design process is to gather input from the community to determine what features it should include. We want you to be an active participant Wilcrest Park's development, so we invite you to attend our first Community Input Meeting on Wednesday, March 29, 6:30 p.m. at the Tracy Gee Community Center, 3559 Westcenter Drive .
Your insight will help us understand what park amenities and programs are important to you. To ensure this is a truly successful park, we would like to gain as much feedback as possible. I ask that you please advertise this community meeting and encourage all of your friends, students, residents and/or employees to come out and participate.
Also available until March 26, is our Trails and Parks Master Plan Survey. This brief survey will help us determine where trails should be located to better connect residents, employees and visitors to various points of interest throughout the District, as well as help us determine the amenities and services needed within future park locations.
Link - Survey
Link – Recap of February 21st Master Plan Workshop
Our program will cover security, community leadership with District G CM Greg Travis's Office, CM Mike Knox At Large 1 on the Importance of Super Neighborhoods to Houston's Future, local reports and updates on issues related to our community affairs including Oaks of Brittany, and Dairy Ashford and Kirkwood Reconstruction.
We cordially invite you for a town hall meeting in House District 133 to hear about the 85th Legislative Session. This is a great time to meet my Austin staff and learn more about what is happening at the State Capitol.
Saturday, February 11th
Memorial Church of Christ Chapel
900 Echo Ln., Houston, TX 77024
Contact Deanna Harrington at 713-465-8800
Or email@example.com
for any questions.
Terry Hershey Park
Temporary Closure Information
December 2016
Due to concerns for public safety, a portion of Harris County Precinct 3's Terry Hershey Park is temporarily closing while Harris County Flood Control District work to repair bank failures on Buffalo Bayou continues.
Effective immediately, Terry Hershey Park will be closed on the north side of Buffalo Bayou between Beltway 8 and Kirkwood Drive.
The remainder of Terry Hershey Park will continue to be open to the public. Park goers are encouraged to access trails and park space that will remain open by using the existing parking areas located west of the closure.
Questions? Contact 713-684-4040 or email@example.com
Our program will cover security, community leadership with District G CM Greg Travis's Office, an update from Chr

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Welcome to Prairie Cedar
"Cedar Lumber & Building Solutions"
Prairie Cedar was founded by a builder who understood the unique properties of cedar and its suitability for use in a demanding Southern Alberta climate. Established with the intent of making western red cedar readily available in Alberta, Prairie Cedar has become Southern Alberta's largest supplier of cedar lumber and cedar building supplies.
Tackle Climate Change – Use Wood. Learn more.
We Welcome Your Questions & Feedback
A key purpose of this site is to provide our customers with great ideas and helpful information. Your input and suggestions will help us keep making it better.


text:
This is a tutorial to install Debian Linux. It will be installed with the first CD of the Debian distribution.
Step 1. Burn the first CD of the Debian Linux distribution and boot this CD
Step 2. Choose the language
We will choose the language that will be installed
Step 3. Choose country
Step 4. Choose keyboard
we will choose American English.
Step 5. Cancel the network configuration through DHCP
Now we will set the network manually.
Step 6. Configure the network manually
Step 7. Set the server IP
Step 8. Set the network mask (subnet)
Step 9. Set the default route (gateway)
Step 10. Set the DNS address
Step 11. Set the hostname for server
Step 12. Set domain name
Step 13. Partition hard drive – choose the type of partitioning
We will use entire hard disk (existing data will be lost).
Step 14. We choose the hard disk for partitioning
Step 15. Choose partitioning scheme
We choose to create a single partition for system files.
Step 16. Close the process of partitioning – now partitions will be created
Note: If you already have data on the hard disk all data will be lost!
Step 17. Confirm creating the partition
Step 18. Choose the timezone
Step 19. We set the root password
Step 20 Retype root password
Step 21. Type the user that you want to be created
Step 22. Choose the user account name that we want to create
Step 23. Set the password for user account that you just created
Step 24. Retype user password
Step 25. Installing Debian Linux
Step 26. Choose to use a mirror of Debian packages
Step 27. Choose country used for the mirror site
Step 28. Choose mirror
Step 29. We will not set proxy for Internet access
Step 30. We will skip this step. Choose No.
Step 31. Install only "standard system" .
Step 32. Install the GRUB boot loader
Step 33. End of the installation
Step 34. After reboot, choose the first option in GRUB
Step 35. Install server and SSH client
We currently have a minimal Debian Linux server installed, we can now connect remotely via SSH.


text:
Natalie, Michael, Chris and Grandpa Wiggins went fishing. These are the trout that did not get away.
If you know a good spot and want to go give our budding fishermen a call and they'll join you. Two request from Rachel: 1) if you catch em' gut them before bringing them home and 2) think parmesan crusted halibut, please.
Natalie's singing group auditioned to perform at Disneyland. After they were accepted and ran the gauntlet of extra Saturday-morning practices for 3 months, we packed up the whole fam and went along. All those practices paid off.
Choral Collection gave a wonderful show. We were so proud of their enthusiasm and professionalism. After all that hard work, we were glad the rest of the time was ours to play.
We spent 2 days in Disneyland and 1 day in California Adventure. While there, we stalked many costumed–I mean "we made a lot of new friends. . ." The Disney characters left their marks in our harts and the girls' homemade autograph books.
Katie was lucky to celebrate her 6th birthday in "The Magic Kingdom".
Two months ahead, I carefully planned a birthday surprise and was disgusted to discover that I packed my recipts–not the vouchers for our lunch reservation with the princesses. Luckily everything worked out after I ran from customer service booth to office to who-knows-where-else, shedding tears and cursing my ineptitude under my breath (while Chris entertained the troops in "Bugs life"). Photo ID and my receiptswere enough… We finally lunched with the princesses which was, as you can imagine, heaven for our girls. And Spencer didn't come off too badly himself–as our little napping prince got kissed by Sleeping Beauty herself.


text:
Having just signed the master toy rights to Chorion's Olivia mere weeks ago, Toronto, Canada-based Spin Master has also just inked a master toy deal with 4Kids Entertainment for its multiplatform boys property Chaotic.
Spin Master is now holds the exclusive worldwide license to design, develop and manufacture Chaotic-branded toys, including action figures and collectibles as well as market and distribute them (excluding plush) in North America, the UK, France and Mexico. Toy distribution rights for other territories will be granted by 4Kids.
The first Chaotic product from Spin Master to join the property's growing trading card and online offering is slated to hit shelves late this year or early 2010.


text:
An air ambulance was scrambled after a teenage passenger fell off a motorbike in Doncaster.
Emergency services were called to Livingstone Avenue, near Sandall Park, yesterday after a boy aged 15 fell and injured himself.
Police said the teenager was taken to hospital by road with minor injuries.
A spokesman for South Yorkshire Police said: "We were called at 3.47pm by the ambulance service, which advised us a passenger had fallen off the back of a motorbike.
"He sustained minor injuries and was taken to hospital, where he was kept in as a precaution.
"No other vehicles were involved."
Police said the driver of the motorbike had left the scene when emergency services arrived, but the vehicle was still present.
The Friends of Sandall Park group has previously raised concerns about bikers tearing through the park and surrounding streets, 'terrorising' pedestrians and other road users.


text:
Jimmy Buffett's Margaritaville is the name of a United States-based casual dining American restaurant chain and a chain of stores selling Jimmy Buffett-themed merchandise. Margaritaville was a sponsor of Jurassic World. As a result, there appears a very recognizable Margaritaville restaurant in the movie. It is located at a corner of the park's Main Street. Jimmy Buffett himself played the barkeeper of the restaurant in the movie.
During the havoc of the Indominus rex breakout, the automatic broadcaster still encouraged visitors to visit the Margaritaville. During the havoc when the residents of the Jurassic World Aviary attacked the guests, a Dimorphodon attacked the customers. In the major battle between Blue the Velociraptor, the park's T. rex, and the genetically-modified hybrid Indominus rex, the Margaritaville was destroyed as the T. rex smashed the Indominus rex into the Margaritaville moments before the hybrid was snatched by the Mosasaurus.
Isla Nublar Margaritaville
The Isla Nublar Jimmy Buffett's Margaritaville is a prominent restaurant in the Main Street of Jurassic World. It has a terrace on its roof. It is located at the end of the Main Street looking over the Jurassic World Lagoon. Jimmy Buffett, the real-life owner of restaurant chain, playes the bartender of the restaurant.
Who's to Blame Margarita
Margaritaville gold tequila, triple sec and our house Margarita blend.
Blueberry Pomegranate Margarita
Margaritaville Silver Tequila, Cointreau Orange Liqueur, blueberry pemegranate puree and our house margarita blend.
Fin to the Left
Margaritaville Silver Tequila, blue caracae and our house margarita blend.
Last Mango in Paris
Margaritaville Last Mango Tequila, Cointreau Orange Liqueu, our house margarita blend and cranberry juice.
Served on the rocks $9.25
Chcolate Banana Colade
Pinnacle Chocolate Whipped Vodka. 99 Bananas and coconut puree. Topped with a float of Myers's Dark Rum.
Served frozen $9.25
Escape to Isla Nublar Jurassic World Sweepstakes
To celebrate the release of Jurassic World, Margaritaville started the "Escape to Isla Nublar" sweepstakes. You could sign up until May 15, 2015 at 11:59:59 p.m. ET.[1]
- Weekly Prizes (One for each weekly drawing): A $100 Margaritaville gift card and a $50 Fandango gift card.
- Eligibility: 48 continental United States and the District of Columbia, who are 21 years of age and older at the time of entry.
- Grand Prize: trip for (4) to Hollywood, California to attend the Jurassic World movie premiere (ARV): $7,500.
The Grand Prize was won by Scott C. from Minneapolis, MN.[2]
To celebrate the release of Jurassic World, a number of Margaritaville restaurants featured a special menu inspired by the movie. The menu was available at participating Margaritaville locations only. These participating restaurants were located in Destin, Atlantic City, Key West, Myrtle Beach, Mohegan Sun, Orlando, Pigeon Forge, Syracuse, Panama City Beach, Nashville, Las Vegas, Chicago and Cincinnati. Menu items may vary by location.[2]
Jurassic World T-shirts
Content needed
Jurassic World premiere
Content needed
- ↑ Clipinista C. (2015, April 16). Margaritaville "Escape to Isla Nublar Jurassic World" Sweepstakes. Retrieved from http://www.couponclipinista.com/2015/04/margaritaville-escape-to-isla-nublar-jurassic-world-sweepstakes/


text:
Written by Chanel M. contributed by Kyle J. Norton, All right reserve
Sencha is a type of decoct Japanese green tea, most popular tea in Japan, made from the dried tea leaves without grinding the tea leaves. It volatile compounds could be used as markers for the overall quality evaluation of all green teas, according to the study of "Predication of Japanese green tea (Sen-cha) ranking by volatile profiling using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis" by Jumtee K, Komura H, Bamba T, Fukusaki E.[1],
Health Benefits of Green Sencha
4. Diabetes
a. In the assesesment of the effect of green tea (GT) on diabetes-induced retinal oxidative stress and proinflammatory parameters in rats of the study of "Green Tea Prevents Hyperglycemia-Induced Retinal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats" by Kumar B, Gupta SK, Nag TC, Srivastava S, Saxena R.[4a], researchers found that the beneficial effects of (GT) green tea suggest its potential role in the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy in human subjects.
b. In the evaluation of Abstract Tea (Camellia sinensis) effects in type II diabetes management of the study of "Anti-Hyperglycemia Properties of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Bioactives Using In Vitro Assay Models and Influence of Extraction Time" by.Ankolekar C, Terry T, Johnson K, Johnson D, Barbosa AC, Shetty K[4b], researchers wrote that tea offers an attractive potential strategy to regulate postprandial hyperglycemia toward an overall dietary support for type 2 diabetes management.
c. In the assessment of green tea extracts improve insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetics of the study of "Does supplementation with green tea extract improve insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetics? A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial" by Hsu CH, Liao YL, Lin SC, Tsai TH, Huang CJ, Chou P.[4c], researchers found that GTE group had significant reductions in waist circumference (WC), HOMA-IR index, and insulin level, and a significant increase in the level of ghrelin.
d. In the investigation of ( - )-epigallocatechin gallate effects and the autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leading to deficiency of insulin production of the study of "Epigallocatechin gallate delays the onset of type 1 diabetes in spontaneous non-obese diabetic mice" by Fu Z, Zhen W, Yuskavage J, Liu D.[4d], researchers showed that While EGCG did not modulate insulitis, it elevated the circulating anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level in NOD mice. These findings demonstrate that EGCG may be a novel, plant-derived compound capable of reducing the risk of T1D (type I diabetes).
e. In the evaluation of the relationship between long-term tea intake and prevalence of type 2 diabetes of the study fo "Long-term tea intake is associated with reduced prevalence of (type 2) diabetes mellitus among elderly people from Mediterranean islands: MEDIS epidemiological study" by Panagiotakos DB, Lionis C, Zeimbekis A, Gelastopoulou K, Papairakleous N, Das UN, Polychronopoulos E.[4e], researchers found that that long-term tea intake is associated with reduced levels of fasting blood glucose and lower prevalence of diabetes, in a cohort of elderly people living in Mediterranean islands.
f. Etc.
[1] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21664180
[4a] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21997135
[4b] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21859352
[4c] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21649457
[4d] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21144096
[4e] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19259345


text:
Excel Automation - Tidy Up
Budget $30-250 USD
Continuation of a previous project for creating a reporting package that can take extracts from Propella and create area sales manager performance reports and product reports
Décerné à:
6 freelance font une offre moyenne de $118 pour ce travail
Hello, I can help with you in your project Excel Automation. I have more than 5 years of experience in Data Processing, Excel, Software Architecture, Visual Basic, Visual Basic for Apps. We have worked on several si Plus
I am very good at Excel Automation and I can help you in Automating your file as well. Can you please share the Excel file so we can discuss?
Performing Data Analysis, Automation, Investment Evaluation, Financial Analysis, Forecasting and Modeling by using Excel is the area of expertise. I have produced hundreds of highly dynamic and automated dashboards and Plus
Hey. I read your project details and I am interested in your project so please message me and we discuss about the project. Thank You, Tahir M. ........


text: Demo version Jeff Bridgman Antique Flags and Painted Furniture - 38 STARS IN A MEDALLION CONFIGURATION WITH A RARE GROUPING OF 3 STARS IN EACH CORNER, 1876-1889, COLORADO STATEHOOD Toggle navigation Home Calendar Learn About Flags In the News Sell Your Flag About Us Contact us Toggle navigation What's New Search Antique Flags Furniture Folk Art Antique Flags by level Beginner Intermediate Advanced Masterpiece by speciality Patriotic Items Political Women's Suffrage Civil War Confederate Nautical WW II International by width 1-2 feet 2-3 feet 3-4 feet 4-5 feet 5-6 feet 6-7 feet 8+ feet Folk Art & Paintings Carvings & Sculptural Drawings, Fraktur Game Boards Textiles Paintings Patriotic Items Weathervanes Other Painted Furniture Chests Cupboards Seating Tables & Desks Other Sold Antiques Sold Flags Sold Flags 38 STARS IN A MEDALLION CONFIGURATION WITH A RARE GROUPING OF 3 STARS IN EACH CORNER, 1876-1889, COLORADO STATEHOOD Available: Sold Frame Size (H x L): Flag Size (H x L): 85" x 136" Description....: 38 star American national flag in a large size with some unusual and attractive features. The stars are arranged in a medallion pattern that consists of two concentric wreaths of stars, surrounding a larger center star, with triangular groups of three stars flanking in each corner. A traditional medallion design has one, two, or three wreaths, with a star in the center and just one star in each corner. Variations on this design with multiple stars in each corner are much more rare and usually more visually interesting. That is the case with this example, where the entire device looks a bit like a giant gear, or maybe the footprint of a large round building with four pointed towers. Whatever the case may be to any given observer, it's safe to say that it's both beautiful and distinctly different from the norm, which makes it both desirable and academically intriguing. One theory on the use of triangles of three stars in a centennial era flag is that the illustration might represent the tri-corner hats so popular with patriots during the Revolutionary War. This could as easily be fiction as fact, but since there was no official star pattern for the flag in early America, many examples exist where liberties appear to have been taken by the makers of flags to include various types of patriotic and political symbolism. The canton of the flag and the white stripes are made of wool bunting, while the red stripes are made of fine, merino wool. The stars are made of cotton and double-appliqued, meaning that they are applied to both sides of the canton. All of the piecework and applique work was done with a treadle machine. There is a sailcloth canvas binding along the hoist, along which are 13 brass rings, through which a rope would have been threaded for hoisting. The binding was applied with a treadle machine and the rings were hand-sewn with a whip stitch. Note how the color of the blue canton has faded to a dusty blue-green. This is due to the use of a fugitive dye, more so than to light exposure and the passage of time. The result is a flag with an interesting color and patina that shows its age in what some call a very desirable fashion. Colorado became the 38th state on August 1st, 1876. This was the year of our nation's 100-year anniversary of independence. Per the Third Flag Act of 1818, stars were not officially added until the 4th of July following a state's addition. For this reason, 37 was the official star count for the American flag in 1876. Flag-making was a competitive venture, however, and few flag-makers would have been continuing to produce 37 star flags when their competitors were making 38's. It is for this reason that 38 and 13 stars (to represent the original 13 colonies) are more often seen at the Centennial International Exposition, the six-month long World's Fair held in Philadelphia in honor of the event. Some flag-makers would have been adding a star for the 38th state even before it entered the Union, in the early part of 1876 or even prior. In fact, many makers of parade flags were actually producing 39 star flags, in hopeful anticipation of the addition of two more Western Territories instead of one. But the 39th state would not join the Union for another 13 years, when the Dakota Territory entered as two states on the same day. The 38 star flag became official on July 4th, 1877 and was generally used until the addition of the Dakotas in 1889. Decorative star patterns, like this one, tend to be seen on 38 star flags that were made specifically for the centennial. President Ulysses S. Grant was in office when the first 38 star flags would have appeared. The list of presidents serving during the period when the 38 star flag was actually official include Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, and Benjamin Harrison. Mounting: The flag has not yet been mounted. We employ professional staff with masters degrees in textile conservation and can attend to all of your mounting and framing needs. Condition: There are minor tears and losses throughout, accompanied by very minor foxing and staining. Use of a fugitive dye in the canton has caused it to fade to a dusty blue-green. This is not exactly a bad trait among collectors. I have clients that actually prefer flags with cantons in this shade, which tend to look terrific on a black mount. many of my clients prefer flags that show their age and history of use. Collector Level: Advanced Collectors and the Person with Everything Flag Type: Sewn flag Star Count: 38 Earliest Date of Origin: 1876 Latest Date of Origin: 1889 State/Affiliation: Colorado War Association: 1866-1890 Indian Wars Price: SOLD Views: 601 Demo version Demo version Demo version


text:
Lady Hawks (4-3) vs. Trevecca Nazarene (7-5)
Saturday, Dec. 29 • 2 pm • The Bowman Center
Lady Hawks (4-3) vs. Ursuline (3-7)
Sunday, Dec. 30 • 2 pm • The Bowman Center
By James Vallone
SAINT LEO, Fla. – The Lady Hawks return from the Christmas break to head south to Florida as participants in the St. Leo Classic, where they will play twice in two days. On Saturday, Trevecca Nazarene will be the opponent; and Sunday will see the Lady Hawks play Ursuline.
Shorter (4-3) has been on the road for the entire month of December, going 2-2 over that stretch which includes winning the last two games versus Clark Atlanta and Albany State.
The Lady Hawks have three players scoring in double digits; Karisma Boykin (13.7), Kristin Nash (11.9), and Lynette Harris (11.9). While senior Shelby Farrer leads the team in rebounds (9.6), with help from Harris (6.6). Harris leads the team while shooting 54.7 percent from the floor, with Farrer second on the team at 46.9 percent.
The Lady Hawks are scoring 60.9 points per game while allowing 60.4 points; however the defense has allowed only 52.5 points per game during the winning streak.
Trevecca Nazarene (7-5) is coming into the game with a two game winning streak. The Trojans are averaging 71.3 points per game, while only allowing 65.6 – holding the opposition to 38 percent shooting from the floor. Rachel Raby leads the team in scoring at 9.3 points per game, with Christina Curtner (9.2) and Britt Bell (9.0) at the top of the scoring. Curtner leads the team with 13 made 3-pointers, with Raby (5.6) and Bell (5.2) leading the team in rebounds per game.
Ursuline (3-7) has won three of the last four games after starting the season on a six game losing streak, and will face host St. Leo on Saturday before facing the Lady Hawks on Sunday at 2 pm. The Arrows are scoring 54.3 points per game, while allowing 74.3 points to the opponent. Laura Campbell (18.2) and Katie Cappello (11.3) and the top scorers for the Arrows. Dee Erazo (8.3) and Natalie Cook (7.4) lead the team in rebounds per game.


text:
- Heating Installation
- Heating Replacement
- Heating Repair
- Heating Maintenance
Heat Pumps
- Ductless Split Heating and Air Conditioning
- Thermostats
- Zone Control Systems
Air Conditioning
- Air Conditioning Installation
- Air Conditioning Replacement
- Air Conditioning Repair
- Air Conditioning Maintenance
- Ductless Split Heating and Air Conditioning
Heat Pumps
- Nest Thermostats
- Thermostats
- Zone Control Systems
Indoor Air Quality
Light Commercial
Commercial Air Conditioning
Commercial Heating
- Rooftop Units
- Commercial Air Conditioning
About Us
Commercial Heating in Gaithersburg, MD
Do you find it difficult to keep your customers warm and comfortable during the winter months? Are you worried about a loud or strange sound that your commercial heater makes during start–up? Do you feel as though your energy bills are unwarranted? Let Tuckers Air Conditioning, Heating & Plumbing take care of your commercial heating system in Gaithersburg, MD. We offer a wide range of commercial heating repair and maintenance services for business owners and commercial property owners in the event that their furnace, boiler, or heat pump is no longer working correctly.
In addition to our range of ongoing commercial heating services, we also offer new system installation as well as replacement. If you're starting a commercial space from scratch and want to make sure that your tenants, employees or clients are warm all winter long, then let us outfit your space with an excellent commercial heater that can deliver comprehensive comfort to your customers, employees, and tenants. At Tuckers Air Conditioning, Heating & Plumbing, we have been taking care of customers since 1995, and we take pride in our ability to provide professional–quality services at great value.
Call Tuckers Air Conditioning, Heating & Plumbing for excellent commercial heating services throughout the greater Gaithersburg, MD area.
Gaithersburg, MD Commercial Heating Installation
Are you in the market for a new commercial heater? Do you want to make sure that your new system integrates seamlessly into your commercial space with minimal downtime? Then make sure you hire a professional. Let Tuckers Air Conditioning, Heating & Plumbing take care of every detail. We offer excellent commercial heating installation services throughout the Gaithersburg, MD. We offer a wide range of commercial heaters to our customers, including furnaces and boilers. If you're in need of a heating solution, success is just a phone call away.
Gaithersburg, MD Commercial Heating Repair
If you have noticed your commercial heater making a strange or loud sound, you should contact a professional. At Tuckers Air Conditioning, Heating & Plumbing, we make sure that our customers have everything they need to deliver warmth to their customers. We offer quality commercial heating repair services throughout the Gaithersburg, MD area for whatever problem may arise, from inadequate heating to no heat at all.
Gaithersburg, MD Commercial Heating Maintenance
In order to get the most out of your commercial heating system, it needs to be professionally maintained; it's just that simple. We offer excellent commercial heating maintenance services throughout the area. Whether you enroll in our program of routine maintenance for an annual pre–season tune–up, or merely on an occasional basis, we can make sure that your commercial heater is thoroughly cleaned, inspected, and adjusted for maximum performance and energy efficiency.
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There may come a time when your commercial heater no longer functions as it should. If and when that time comes, a commercial heating replacement may be exactly what your Gaithersburg, MD business needs. Short of a major breakdown, there are other reasons to consider replacing commercial heaters. You may find that your energy bills have become too high or that the system is too old to heat your space effectively any longer. Call Tuckers Air Conditioning, Heating & Plumbing today for more information about our commercial heating services.


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Civic Progress, an organization of top executives from the region's largest companies made donations totaling $614,000 to four community programs aimed at improving economic opportunities for St. Louis-area youth, particularly in North County.
Civic Progress said the donations are part of its commitment to give $2 million over the next four years, and it will be investing in organizations working on recommendations from the Ferguson Commission's Forward Through Ferguson report.
Civic Progress St. Louis made a donation Monday to organizations that are working to make the quality of life better in North St. Louis County.
Civic Progress donated more than $500,000 to the Urban League, Better Family Life, and STL Youth Jobs. All three groups received $100,000. A donation was also made to UMSL and both the Ferguson-Florissant and Riverview Gardens School Districts.
"You can't succeed if one portion of the community is moving forward and one portion is moving behind. It won't work. I think all of us recognize that. Today is a recognition of helping folks that have more challenges perhaps than others in their lives," said Civic Progress Executive Director Tom Irwin.
Civic Progress is made up of CEOs from Missouri's 35 largest companies. It has pledged to donate more than $2 million in the coming years towards improvements in North County.
More Cities Creating Skills-Based Summer Roles that Align with Future Job Opportunities
JPMorgan Chase & Co. today released a report illustrating how a lack of summer jobs is impacting youth unemployment and creating roadblocks to economic mobility for many young people in the United States. Demand for summer employment remains higher than the number of available job opportunities, according to a new survey of 15 U.S. cities. Despite the creation of more summer roles, only about 38 percent of teens and young adults looking for summer jobs were able to find positions through 18 summer employment programs in the 15 cities surveyed over the last two years.
These findings are part of a new report, Expanding Economic Opportunity for Youth through Summer Jobs, which highlights the importance of summer employment opportunities for teens and young adults and the benefits they provide, including workforce readiness, skills development and higher graduation rates. JPMorgan Chase has supported the development of several programs that equip young people with education and training that aligns with the changing needs of businesses. The report, which is based on a survey of Summer Youth Employment Programs (SYEPs) that are supported by JPMorgan Chase, also reveals that the summer employment rate for teens across the U.S. has fallen to 34 percent, a near record low and a 20 percentage point drop since 1995.
"Despite all of the challenges Summer Youth Employment Programs face, we're seeing a continued commitment from cities to provide young people with greater access to economic opportunity," said Chauncy Lennon, Head of Workforce Initiatives, JPMorgan Chase. "But we must make it a national priority to close the gap between the demand and supply of summer jobs."


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"His freedom is perfection. It had no tradition to overcome or prejudice to fight. His work grows quietly out of itself. He is the master of each material, and the modern machine is the base of his form-giving."
R.M. Schindler to Richard Neutra on Frank Lloyd Wright
R.M. Schindler to Richard Neutra on Frank Lloyd Wright
Schindler was first introduced to Wright through the Wasmuth Portfolio in 1910 while he was still in Vienna. He immediately wanted to work for him, and in 1914 moved to Spring Green, Wisconsin. He took an unpaid position as a draftsman for Wright in 1918. This was when Wright was working on the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo. Here Schindler was largely introduced to Japanese architecture. Wright was frequently away, in between Japan and his office at Taliesen. During these times he left Schindler in charge of his office, though he would later deny this fact. While working on the Hollyhock house, he considered moving to California, where he eventually started his own practice. He was influenced by Wright's adaptation and incorporation of Japanese architecture, as evident in the light, moveable partition walls in the Schindler House and the Japanese timber frame.
Wright found space in the Japanese print which, he wrote in his autobiography, "lies a the bottom of all this so-called modernism." Schindler found it first in Cubism; in his own work he saw into space (McCoy, 152).
Though he was heavily influenced by Wright, Schindler never intended to follow him. He saw that none of Schindler's draftsmen had "found anything to say for themselves" (McCoy, 151). Schindler took what he did from Wright, but strove to make his own mark.


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You can't make a dollar, or a difference if no one knows you exist.
So what's the key to taking that brilliant work that you've poured your heart and soul into and getting it in front of the folks who need it, who want it, who will buy it?
I'm Juliet Clark, founder of Winsome Media Group and I realize that you're a busy person trying to reach busy people.
That's why my motto is "No B.S. Business and Book Consulting." No B.S.
I don't sell it, and won't allow my clients to sell it either – because step one to filling your programs or selling your books is establishing authority, trust and credibility.
And these days? Your inbox is probably flooded with well-intended advice on everything you "have" to do to build an audience and promote your work.
Have a blog! Master pinterest! Conquer Facebook ads! Build a list and do it all YESTERDAY!
The truth is, you can tag most of that advice as unnecessary. There are really only a few key pieces you need to start building an audience of raving fans and eager buyers!
Over the years I brought my expertise to corporate clients like Mattel, Nissan, Price Stern Sloan Publishing, and HP Books. While I enjoyed the work, and was good at it, I felt like something was missing.
I realized that what I really wanted to be doing was helping individuals, not corporations, further their success and find fulfillment.
Since then, I have helped more than 600 entrepreneurs and authors share their work with the world and have published more than 60 books, turning more than 190 authors/entrepreneurs into best-selling experts!
Let's cut through the clutter and get your message across so that you can cultivate your fan base, increase sales, and reach a level of success beyond what you thought possible.
I want to help you tell YOUR story – the story of your book, your fabulous new product, the awesome service you provide – in a way that broadens your audience appeal and builds your fan base effortlessly.
Whether you're an author or entrepreneur, if you're looking to build a web platform that will attract attention from audiences both old and new, my team and I can help you get there.


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Shopping for a Shower Head? - Don't Miss These Great Choices!
If you're in the market for a showerhead, you may be thinking to yourself, "What have I gotten myself into? There are way too many to choose from!"
Here at Air-N-Water, we try to make finding the showerhead you want quick and easy, so we've compiled a list of customer favorites to make your decision trouble free. We aim to make shopping online easy but if you have further questions feel free to call us at 1-800-734-0405.
If you already have a showerhead you love, BUT you want to filter your shower water. You should try out one of our shower head filters. They simply install right behind your existing showerhead. Installation takes just minutes and there are no special tools needed. Start enjoying pure, fresh showers with a showerhead filter.
If you don't love your shower head then your best choice may be a combination shower head and filter. These filters combine the showerhead and filter into one compact unit.These are available in a variety of styles that will add comfort and luxury to your shower while you enjoy perfectly clean water. Tired of your old, over-calcified showerhead that sprays that uncomfortable jet of water straight in your face? Our showerhead filters prevent this morning struggle and give you a chlorine free downpour that you're sure to enjoy.
What about a showerhead with a handle? Most come with multi-valve heads that feature a massaging spray to relax away your tension. Shower handle filters are handy in a variety of situations. Shower handles make bathing easy if you have to stay seated while showering or have trouble reaching the showerhead. Bathing small children is also much easier when you control exactly where the water goes. Shower handles are simply the most convenient shower head you can buy.
Ever consider a shower extension? Shower extension filters make you feel like you've just stepped into an Amazonian waterfall. Whether you chose to keep your old shower head or you decide to go with one of our shower head options, you'll be pleasantly surprised by the great sensation of having water fall directly from above. Because they adjust, you'll have a great shower whether you're tall or not so tall!Below are some of the most popular showerheads from our catagories. Whichever you choose you'll be left feeling clean and refreshed at the end of your shower.
|The SR-WHM Perma-Seal Shower Water Filter with Massaging Showerhead is one of our best sellers in this category. Lasting roughly twelve months, the patented Chlorgon purification media in these showerheads will keep out common contaminants such as Sodium Hypochlorite, Hydrogen Sulfide, and many more. Unfortunately, the Perma-Seal shower head filter has no exchangeable filter.
|The ARA5-GT Royale All-In-One 5 Valve Shower Head combines a deluxe 5-way massaging showerhead and built-in reversible high-flow replaceable filter into one unit for maximum filtration in minimum space. The Royale all-in-one is a great overall value too. With its high strength housing & triple plated finish, the ARAG-GT is seriously strong. The soft-touch adjustment pads and anti-scaling spray nozzle makes this showerhead water filter our best all-in-one.
|The FXD-CM Double Arm Shower Extension Filter has wing-lock hinged joints to facilitate shower height adjustment. The FXD-CM has a 20" double extension arm giving a full 40" of adjustment range. Keep your current showerhead, just attach it to the end of this filtered shower extension arm and enjoy a brand new experience. Patented Chlorgon water purification system helps remove harsh additives that are often present in city water. This shower head extension is sure to make your mornings more invigorating than ever!
|FXS-CM-S3 Single Arm Shower Extension Filter starts with a 10-inch single extension arm, with 20-inch adjustment range, and ends with an invigorating 3" side-pan showerhead. Great for people of any height, this filtered showerhead and extension is sure to flood your body mind and spirit with pure liquid indulgence. The FXS-CMS3 has wing-locked joints that facilitate shower height adjustment.
|The HH-CT Original Filtered Shower Handle uses patented Chlorgon filtration technology and three spray valves that help you relax after a long day. The Chlorgon purification system removes harsh additives such as chlorine, Iron oxide (rust) and other chemicals that are harmful to your skin, hair and eyes. In fact, when heated, chlorine can turn into hazardous chlorine vapors and cause damage to your respiratory system.
|The SFH5-CM Shower Falls 5-Valve Shower Handle not only filters out chlorine, dirt and odors from your shower, but it has one of the best shower sprays available. It can also be extended 24 inches in any direction. Shower Falls delivers an exhilarating spray from a variety of angles including directly above. This shower handle is great for taller people who are tired of shuffling around under conventional showerheads. Shower handles are also great for people with special needs, or for bathing small children.
|The SR-WH Perma-Seal Shower Filter is an inexpensive, high performance shower filter. This popular model will effectively filter the shower water for a period of one year. For extra strength and durability it is ultra-sonically welded to create a permanently sealed unit. The SR incorporates the patented "full-flow filter design" utilizing anti-channeling dispersal quadrants to distribute the water evenly throughout the patented Chlorgon filtering media. This unit does not include a shower head, so you'll need to use the one you already have.
|The HOB-CM High-Output Shower Filter uses patented Chlorgon technology to filter your shower water, and make it sparkle like it should. The HOB-CM is one of our finest shower head purifiers. The HOB-CM with chrome finish can help soften your skin and keep your hair strong. Not to mention it can reduce that ugly scale build-up and filter out chlorine.
|The Chlorgon Filtration media in the above shower heads and filters become charged with contaminants on a daily basis. To keep your shower head filter at peak performance, we suggest changing the filter cartridge on a regular basis. What exactly is a regular basis? It depends on what shower head you own and your usage. Below is a table that should help you make your decision. By replacing your filter cartridge you decrease your chances clogging your shower head's spray nozzles, and above all, it'll keep you contaminant free.
Note: There are two variations of the Royale Filtered Shower Head, One which uses the ARC Replacement Filter Cartridge and one that uses the SLC Replacement Filter Cartridge. Most cartridges have the model number printed on the side in large black lettering. When laid flat the SLC cartridge measures 1 5/8 inches in height, while the ARC cartridge measures exactly 2 inches.


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Coffins, shovels, zombies, spooky stuff, maybe some sculptures, Halloween props, also other cool stuff.
Wednesday, November 23, 2011
Rooms for Rent
As well as the shack, the coffins, and lets not forget the shovels, I'm thinking Rotting Hills Cemetery needs a few new residents. I've been sketching several new inhabitants lately. The sketch below is an example of how I want my new zombies to look. I'm going for a more whimsical feel, big head, skinny body, offset by a touch of gore. The plan is to sculpt the head out of foam, really hoping to find some huge chunks otherwise I'll be laminating the thin stuff. For the details like teeth-n-junk I'll be using Apoxie Sculpt, I love that stuff.
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Understand my Dreams is an Online dreams analyzation tool. Just type your dream in and we will automatically intepret it and give you the results. You may also contact us for professional dreams intepretation by many different methods.
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Your Dream:my daughter jumped in the ocean and drowned right when i got to far away i rushed back to get her swooped her off the ocean ground and started cpr and after a few minutes she finally became alive again
Describe what you were feeling during the dream and when you awoke after the dream. Include emotions as well as any physical sensations.
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So I made the Slimming World Lasagne and it tastes like heaven! Mind you, anything with cheese always does. 🙂
I pretty much followed the recipe exactly (which I never do), but naturally, I like a little bit extra spice, so added a bit more chilli.
The full recipe is here: https://www.slimmingworld.co.uk/recipes/beef-lasagne.aspx
But if you can't be bothered to click the link, here's what you need:
- 500g lean beef mince (5% fat or less)
- 1 red pepper, deseeded and cut into bite-sized pieces
- 1 courgette, cut into bite-sized cubes
- 1 onion, peeled and finely chopped
- 4 garlic cloves, peeled and crushed
- 400g can chopped tomatoes
- 400g passata
- 2 tsp dried mixed herbs (I use more)
- Low calorie cooking spray
- 500g fat free natural yogurt
- 2 eggs, lightly beaten
- A pinch of nutmeg
- Salt and freshly ground black pepper
- 12 dried lasagne sheets
- 160g reduced-fat cheddar cheese
- 1 tbsp smoked paprika and half tsp chilli powder
- Fry off your mince on a medium heat with the garlic, onion, pepper, courgettes until browned.
- Add the passata,tomatoes, herbs,seasoning, chilli and paprika. Stir in and simmer for about 10 mins.
- In a bowl mix the yoghurt, nutmeg and eggs and season with S n P.
- Preheat the oven to 180 degrees c and get your lasagne casserole dish (you can see the sort of size I've used).Spray it with Frylight.
- Layer half your beef mixture, then lasagne sheets,then yoghurt on top,and then do this again. Sprinkle with cheese and bang it in the oven for about half an hour and that's it!
I served mine with a side salad and some Hassleback Potatoes which I also have the recipe for here and it was just lovely.
One thing I disagree with though is, the recipe says it serves 4, but I would say it's more like 6 because the portions really are massive,especially if you're serving the lasagne with something else, rather than just in a bowl on its own.
But I'd definitely make this again because it's just so easy, and I love EASY recipes.


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Hop Skip & Jump South West
Charity information
Hop Skip & Jump South West
Hop Skip & Jump South West is a registered charity (number 1081811) providing support for families that have children with any type of special need aged from birth onwards. We rely on charitable donations to raise the £200,000 needed each year to keep our play centre running.
The charity was established in February 2003 to provide a unique combination of specialist support, respite, supervised play and day care for children and young people with any special need. The centre also provides families and carers with various other services.
Hop Skip & Jump is located in Kingswood, Bristol. The centre is unique in the region and is predominantly visited by families and groups from Bath & North East Somerset, Wiltshire, Somerset, Bristol and South Gloucestershire. The centre also receives visits from people living much further afield including areas such as Devon and Cornwall.
Aiming to improve the quality of life for children with disabilities, the charity helps individuals by building their confidence, social skills and self esteem through freedom of adventure, play, open spaces, fun and laughter. Hundreds of children benefit from the services offered with over 15,000 visits per year.
Founded 2003
Established: February 2003
Registered Charity Number: 1081811
Phone number: 0117 9677282View charity accounts on the Charity Commission website


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Throttle Position Sensor, or TPS testing (theory)
TPS idle switch Calibration G16's , J18/J20 engines.
What is it, what does it do? (got symptoms?)
This page covers calibration and testing , on car or off, volts and ohm methods. (all ways)
The purpose of this page, is to save you $250 for a new sensor and show the test and calibration steps.
We must first discount, some the nincompoop's reasons to mess up (or bad luck) the TV or TPS indexing: See JARGON here
If they messed up the TV stop screw , here is the easy fix (see my crude solutions here)
INDEX: (all G16 unless stated otherwise) All years are USA generations, not worldwide!
What is it?:
The G16a/b TPS, has 2 parts, It is Ganged ! 1 Throttle Angle Pot. and 1 Idle Switch inside.
Throttle Angle: (the Suzuki TP pin)
Myth#1: (all comments on a Hot engine)
It is not the device that determines, fuel rates (flow) at idle, cruise or WOT ! There are exceptions to that.
The angle side never sets idle speeds, ever. (but the idle switch , yes idle will be wrong if the switch is dead.)
Angle does change fueling rates (fast acting throttle only) with a fast moving right foot, "acceleration beginnings" It prevents hesitations.
The TPS is the key sensor (instigator) to Enrich mode, that ends STOICH air/fuel/ratio , entering Enrich mode, as seen here.
Flow rates are determined primarily by the AIR meter(MPI) or MAP(TBI) , the ECU sees air flow into the engine and matches measured AIR, with proper injections.
By the way, if idle speed is out of control ?,with the switch closed (0-volts) is covered found here.
This page covers calibration or testing the TPS.
The word Pot. means potentiometer or variable resistor.
The Suzuki named TP pin is called throttle angle today. (ASE/SAE) (ISO, I'm clueless)
The Angle pin is used for fast throttle enrichment detection and to detect cut throttle. It is not a precision voltage or ohmic reading. (despite vast myths)
The Angle pin only needs to be linear, (foot action to Ohms(volts) It must not glitch as you drive. ( it shows what your right foot is doing, only)
Side 1, Idle Switch. (this switch never produces 0 ohms, but does go below 300 ohms for closed , ECU expects less that 500 or less, we think) The J18 engine first removed this device and on all future engines.
"ON" means the switch is closed (very low ohms ,Typical. about 50 ohms or near 0volts) OFF means the switch reads, Infinity. ( resistance meter){ near 5volts}
The switch most work right or many features fail, like timing freeze (service) or idle controls are dead or EGR fails to work, and the ISC goes dead.(idle speed controls)
Side1 is the calibration pin.
Side 2 Angle side, the Pot. side called by Suzuki "TP" pin, is the Throttle angle pin, and allows for the ECU to enrich fuel with a fast right foot. (and many other functions related to this pin)
The Throttle angle pot is a crude 5,000 ohm(3500- 6500 ohms) Pot. or potentiometer, or variable resistor. It is a passive device, no electronics inside, only carbon . Angle is never calibrated.
The ECU sees VOLTS on this pin, and watches for fast changes to the voltage and never (cept cranking) uses the exact voltage to do anything. (my comments are on a normal hot running engine)
If this pin fails, for any reason, TV cables (up to 3 cables) not set at 10mm play, or TV bore blocked in carbon, these faults must be cleared first or the Calibration steps will all be wrong.
This same pin if failing for any reason will cause the Spark timing freeze ENABLE to fail too. (timing jumps during static timing procedures?)
The TPS angle pin is watched by the ECU for the drivers fast moving right foot. (Accelerating he/she is?) The ECU goes rich, from STOICH mode, and lasts only long enough for the MAP or MAF sensors to catch up.
So that means if say , engine power is lost and never catches up?, then the TPS is NOT THIS PART BAD. (myth debunked) The exceptions.
All EFI engines like this go lean if the driver punches the throttle, all do (dead TPS), ( due to that slug of air is INSTANT) then the AIR meter sees the change late. this late discovery causes lean bog and self corrects.
The TPS Angle checks, prevents this hesitation; that is it prime job "Enrich mode". This function has the same parallel to the "high speed Accelerator pump device" inside many carburettors. Omg what is a Carb?
This lean slug of air, must be instantly fed extra fuel or the engine will bog (go lean) as the driver moves his foot fast on the throttle. (we can't burn air), ergo the TPS angle pot was invented.
DTC's? Diagnostic Trouble codes:
The ECU checks for errors (DTC) on the Angle side., or wires cut to it (cut means , really cut "broken" or any connector in this path RUSTY) (rusty , corroded, broken pins, bent pins, smashed ,etc)
If the ECU shows Idle switch bad (DTC) that is usually, just not calibrated caused. (The TPS is bad, if the calibration fails, and the wires to it, are good)
To see more facts and theories. on TPS look here.
First trouble maker #1: The DP or "Dash Pot". (it is just a vacuum servo motor, a vacuum "actuator"
This TBI 8valve device (back side of Throttle body) must be retracted someway to do the TPS calibration.
NO MPI engine G16B has such a device.
The FSM instructions, are are linked in every section on calibation and does cover this step.
The TBI only, Dash pot, has a spring inside, and pushes outward that plunger by default, and holds the throttle open with keys in pocket! (causing the idle switch to open , making calibration IMPOSSIBLE)
What you do is: (3 ways to joy?)
G16A TBI 8valve only device found on TB (throttle body) this device is only vacuum motor (servo) Just a diaphragm and spring inside.
Seen more clearly here.
The dash pot is the cold start, fast idle device, (short duration 3 to 30 seconds (30 is in Alaska)
CALIBRATION GAUGES : 10 years of methods and values.
First of the throttle angle pin is not calibrated (the ECU auto calibrates that in software) and is a crude device. The idle switch is the only device calibrated here.
The TBI engine G16A dash pot device must be retracted first !
Go, & NoGo feeler gauge chart: Suzuki in black ( with odd GM deviances) USA FACTS !
The 8v is a TBI , throttle body injection a.k.a. SPI Single point injection, by some. ( except some 1.3L Carb. G13 engines, do not have EFI , so hit the back button)
The 89/90' TBI is a very hard car to adjust, because the Idle adjust screw(stop), changed at ANY time?, wrecks the TPS calibration (Suzuki corrected this pain, in 1991, folly?)
MPI 92 -98' 1.6L only USA. MPI is 16v Multipoint Injection motors, and has no Dash pot steps, or device.
This table was made from real USA FSM data.
WARNING: THE DASHPOT DEVICE MUST BE RETRACTED for all TBI, on car checks below (TBI is 8valve engine)
(tie it back, suck it back or remove it.) (suck means, use vacuum hand pump tool) or remove the DP with that single stud screw. (TBI G16A)
All tests are done keys in pocket. Key off.
The Feeler gauge Matrix Table 1: (created from all origional FSM manuals (factory service manuals) Suzuk and GM.) I have the only list like this in the web.
(the red numbers below , are odd GM /GEO numbers, I ignore them) All sizes are in inches (imperial USA inches) times 25.4 for mm.
Idle switch OHMS. (over range, on the meter , means Infinity , and that is what causes, DTC-44 flash code errors, at idle. lean what infinity means by setting meter to 2k (200) ohm scale , with leads held in air. +1 flashing? (varies by maker of DMM)
The idle switch (pretend 91' G16a) shows infinity ohms with throttle open then when .016" gap (.4mm) happens the OHMS drops to 500 or less like a shot, some do this at 1000 ohms, we calibrate near 500 but is crude, just get it below 500, a touch.
I have seen new switches vary from 50 to 1000ohms (in the first .030" of travel.. the goes to infinity (and open circuit)
Closed means less than 300 ohms. (is goal , 500 is spec. in software we think, so use 300 for best upper limit)
Open = infinity, (meter shows , infinity ohms)
Threshold is setting it, just so the switch has just closed.
If you removed the TPS and didn't index the body TPS pins to the TPS actual pin sockets, none of this will work correctly. You may cause the throttle to stick open.(a danger)
Keep in mind, when you set the .016" setting (example) you then remove the feeler , and the throttle retracts .016" and you get a solid repeatable less than 300 ohms each time. < with good skills you can set it with one feeler(calib). and it will work.
GO = Closed IDLE switch ( less then 300 ohms) (300 ohms is TPS spec, , ECU spec, i think is 500) I use 300 ohms. (for sure ,300 to 500 range works )
This is no gold contact switch, it's only CARBON!
It will never read zero ohms ever, like real gold contact switches would. (some cars not this, one use real switches and many Technicians, know how those works, and my comment)
Infinity resistance ohm, is open = ( meter DMM displaying O.R, over range, or O.L, over load, see your meters operational manual, some show over range in different ways)
NOGO= Open Switch. (Infinity)
If your meter is a fixed range meter not auto ranging then ,use the 2000 or 2k ohm range. (if the auto ranger shows 2.01 K that means near 2000 ohms, K means times 1000.
if the Auto ranger shows 0.300 k that is 300 ohms. see? the K shows up on the LCD display , or omega sign or M for million. (your meter manual shows these facts)
CAL = Only the IDLE switch side is calibrated ! and CAL means you get the switch to just close, and you stop turning the TPS body. aka, set at threshold of closure.
The switch side is a bit strange, let me explain.
The Switch side Low ,will vary from about 20 ohms (50 ohms is par) to 300 ohms closed (experience) and then go to open circuit, very soon ,as you crack the throttle open just slightly.
In most cases 50 ohms to 1000 is the range on the switch carbon (real hardware) then jumps to INFINITY about .030'_ travel off the stops, The only reason this is hard, is the silly carbon cheap Suzuki switch. (on say a Toyota ,we set it to 0 ohms)
The reason 3 gauges (feeler) are used is to compensate for human errors setting this switch. (non 89-91)
If you get this wrong , the engine RPM , may surge & THROTTLE TIP-IN acceleration will hesitate ! ,due to, too late IDLE drop out or too early idle release,. Code 44s, and timing freeze fails to work (the jumper)
NOTE 1 Exceptions: G16a TBI EFI 1989/90 ONLY using these special steps only.
BEGIN TESTING the G16A, TBI engine 1991- 1995: (8 valve , engine only) The 3 video tests (mp4)
In the USA the TBI engines were banned in 1996 by EPA and C.A.R.B. edicts.
See very different 1989/90 G16A is here.
The 8V factory TPS data pages:
This section is NOT CALIBRATION ! It is just some quick Checks,looking for the hard fails first.
The dash pot device must be retracted engine running.
This is the Fast ohms tests, unplugged tests.
We do the 4 TPS tests below first, before Calibration steps here to be sure its even working at all. If all is good, we can skip the calibration.
Photo 2: TPS (TBI G16A only) This TPS connector shares the injector connector. 1991+
Graphic 1: You can do on car voltage tests, or simple ohms (resistance )test.
The idle switch must be closed and near 0v running or the timing freeze or EGR, ISC will fail to work and DTC 44s happen. (89-95' years)
Fast nut shell testing: (Unplugged) 1991 to 1995 TBI. G16A.
Note now that the main resistor A to D is very crude, its not precision at all, so if yours reds 4000 ohms and steady , then that is what it is. NORMAL. steady it must be. (using 20k meter range) never reads infinity.
Set meter to 20k scale. Ohms. (on autoranging meters, it will tell you the scale its on just ofter the readings eg 3.5 k, means 3500 ohms the "K" ICON on the meter LCD means , times 1000)
I check ohms for 3500- 6500 ohms, pin A to D. ( it's very crude) It must not read infinity or the TPS is no good. (the reading of 4.0K is 4000 ohms.)
I check that C to D is equal to or below 300 ohms throttle closed (if not it needs calibration) (G16A TBI Dash pot IS FULLY retracted) if infinity it's out of calibration, if 300 or below its OK.
Meter to B and D ,(throttle angle) ohms varies from about 1k to 5k ohms (this angle and resistance, is crude!, but it only needs to vary and not glitch. The TPS angles are not calibrated. (by people)
Meter to A and B, the same as above but in reverse actions. (the ECU does not use this way, but I check it so I can find glitches not found , B to D.)
End fast testing. (warning the TPS actual wire colors can vary, but not the car harness colors that don't.)
Side issue?
Even better is a scope on pin, B , testing both for glitches, as you advance the throttle, a TPS when worn, loves to GLITCH !
Most TPS devices last for 150k miles or more... lots more and are very expensive to buy.... so the testing is well paid for..... if it passes, tests...
A Live on car TPS voltage test: TBI only.
One little secret that helps understand the TP pin (throttle angle) is that the ECU TP pin has a 470k ohm pull down resistor inside ECU so that if the TP pin goes open the ECU sees 0 volts (for safety)
This fact also explains why the GLITCH, if any, also causes the glitch to drop to zero volts. fast. Hint watch for drop outs.!
See figure 1 above, for pin Identifications. (I will use harness side colors, because they do not change) This test is long, but is better than guessing and paying $250 for a new sensor !!
Do not disconnect the connector, until you wish to do an OHMS test, above.
VOLTS TESTING: using any needle or back probe meter lead set.
Key ON: No start (we will measure, the 4 pins live and hot, and use back-probing method) All connections, normal, no disconnects!
Any voltmeter can work here, even a $10 one. (Walmart)
Setup 1:
Set the DMM voltmeter to 20VDC range, and connect the minus (black) test lead to the battery, minus lug , for best results. (or to the engines shinny metal) For a ground reference.
Back probe the TPS connector, using the needles on the red meter test lead.
These simple tests follow below: The Dash Pot must be retracted , when stated.
Test 1: Pin "A", power pin test. Key ON.
(+5 vdc is applied to the TPS pot pin "A", from ECU, if not , ECU is bad or this pin "A" wire is grounded out.. or cut) 4.75 to 5.25vdc is factory spec..
Test 2: Pin "D", the ground pin test, it must read 0 volts , zero volts 0 to 0.5v . if not the ground is bad. (This cut wire,etc)
OK, the TPS now has power !
Test 3: Pin "B" is throttle angle, or a.k.a. the TP pin. for throttle pin. (mine varies from 1 to 4v with right foot action or hand turned TV valve. The voltage tracks my foot throttle 1:1 that is direct action and linear....)
If the pin is stuck , the voltage does not change, the TPS is bad. (or the wire on this pin is shorted to ground or to the power pin A)
(if this pin fails?, hard, the ECU may go to Failsafe mode, Sets DTC for TPS , if it glitches No voltage Jumpiness or drop outs allowed!
Pin B (TP pin) below, the voltage will very, for near 0v to near 5v, as the throttle is advanced. The Advance must be smooth.
if this pin drops below 4% throttle angle (below about 0.2Volts) driving, you will get DTC codes 21/22 errors. (I'm not sure which DTC # is which)
The voltage will rise to at least 4v (5.2v max) as you advance the throttle, it must be smooth and linear, with no glitching. (wild jumps or drops in voltage)
Pin B (TP) (see FSM here) ( the normal voltage idling is 0.6 to 1.5v )
Pin B must not be stuck at 0v. it must not be stuck at 5volts. Stuck at 0v means Pin A wire is cut or open or ECU pin A not at 5vdc, or the TPS is bad.
Pin B stuck at 5v, is caused by a bad TPS or the ground wire broken. Pin D is Cut or the TPS is bad. (cut means broken,cut or corroded)
Pin B, voltage must move, and be directly proportional to your throttle actions ! ( as you vary the throttle (with hand or foot) voltage must be linear and smooth at Pin B )
The only true 100% accurate TPS throttle angle test Pin B, is with a scope, to see all glitches.!!!
Any DMM's meter can be very slow reacting, and miss them.! (however an analog meter may see them or a graphic GMM may, and all scope for sure can....)
Test 4: (the idle switch tests, after getting DTC 44 and 45?, (stuck low, or stuck high , respectively)
We now test the TPS switch PIN. Pins C . TBI idle switch test, live !
TPS is connected to its harness.
Keyon, NOT RUNNING test:
Dashpot must be retracted by hand, during tests, any of 3 ways. (hand vacuum tool, tie it back, or removed (hard to do).
Connect volt meter just like above at setup1.
Back probe pin C. (at factory side, blue-white wire, ) This is the calibrate pin, and we are only testing now, not Calibrating yet.
If the idle switch fails, the ECU will not allow idle speed controls. (on other features keyed off this line, EGR enable, and doing spark timing the freeze jumper fails to work.)
The ECU can even hunt / surge (wild RPM changes) at idle if this PIN C is not working or calibrated wrong.
If it stays closed too long, the ECU will fight you, as you tip in the throttle , one of the most odd sensations in car, you will ever experience, here)
Begin tests:
I probe pin C ,key On no start,, and the "Dash Pot" is holding the throttle open now, (if not fix that now) and the voltage is 0vdc, (± 0.5v)
I then drop the DASH pot, arm and the throttle opens and the PIN C goes to near 5 volts, (closed switch )
You will not get perfect zero volts, just very close.
0v means idle, 5v means not idle. ( I corrected and error here.. shame on me...)
If You can't get zero volts (or near) the throttle is blocked open by something or the TPS calibration is way off, or the TPS is bad, at Calibration proves this out.... later...
end test 4:
A bad idle switch makes calibration , impossible. (if it can't ever close)
In side the TB , Throttle body is a Throttle Valve, TV.
Eg.: any of 3 throttle cables set tight, TV,cruise and A/T kick down cables (set wrong) The spec. on those cables is 10mm slack. (7/16" inches)
The TPS must never interfere with the TV or the opposite. The TPS must not prevent the TV from closing 100%. ( the "TV" is the Throttle valve.)
The cables must never be tight and holding the Throttle valve open (TV) at all.
The TV must not be packed in GUNK causing TV to not fully close.
Only the Dashpot on top left of TB throttle body, is allowed to do this. (keyon or off , not started)
The TPS can be mounted wrong, and blocks the TV open.
end on car tests.
BENCH Glitch TESTS?: (off car tests)
AKA: throttle angle tests (TBI G16A example)
It's no different than on car tests, with connector pulled off, and again the DASH POT must be retracted on the G16 TBI body.
The TPS can be tested on a bench too. (example of throttle angle testing and finding dead spots or glitches)
This tests can find a bad throttle angle sensor portion. (using just a cheap SMOKE detector battery)
BATTERY from A to D (plus on A) connected directly then add a resistor from B to D(minus battery side) this simulates a real ECU load.
By using power supply and a 470k ohm resistor from the TP pin "B" to "D" ground.(called a load)
(use a 6v, 9v or 12vdc battery as your supply , or a 5v power supply , really 3 to 12vdc works. )
You can even do so with a scope to see if the TPS glitches, It can be near tested 100% with proper tools.(and patience galore) Scope on pin B .
Connect a battery of any kind, to from pin A do D. (pin A is plus pin) (using any cheap 9v smoke detector battery works)
Then put a load resistor 470k (yellow,Violet-yellow color code) on Pin B to ground, (resistor side one at B pin and the other resistor end to ground pin)
This works on all TPS sensors, only the pin names vary. See the schematics here.
See graphic1: (a bad indication is the falling (negative ) spikes, called glitches. as you turn the throttle up or down.
Put the scope probe to pin B and D. Scope shield ground clip to D
Turn the TPS center shaft and see that the voltages are linear and that they never glitch. (or have dead spots as you turn the throttle shaft).
Seeing this aberrant glitch with some DMM can be very hard, as they are so slow to measure, and can miss the glitch. (the glitching can be VERY fast, 20/1000's of second )
When driving the ECU may ignore the fast glitches but all get worse, in time, and if you see it glitching you know for sure that the duration can very (made worse) by the engine vibration....
The ECU will not set a code for Glitches. (pin B) (it just acts up, (enrich mode or cut fuel on the fly, when at steady cruise, will be ugly here)! Bucking or misfiring (rich)
The ECU watches for legitimate fast throttle angle changes, and when it sees them it BELIEVES them (A.Turing brain,mind set) and that they are DRIVER CAUSED. (thus real, and no errors set)
(takes human testing to find this flaw, the ECU is very dumb here)
Warning, (TPS calibrated to open late)
if the TPS delays opening, the idle switch , as you move the throttle pedal, a tiny bit ( .020") The ECU and ISC will fight you hard, and it will SURGE during that fight. A Very dangerous car to drive !
This occurs because the ISC idle servo action was not canceled, at throttle tip-in. Very bad that. (the ECU idle serve fights the drivers actions)
Normally what happens, at ECU pin A14, it is at 0v at idle, then the driver moves his foot .020" (as measured at TB TV valve) and the idle controls are ended (canceled fast it must).
If not, all hell breaks loose with the driver (Max Surge) This is why we use the all 3 feeler gauges for calibration.(to avoid this nasty EFFECT)
If the ECU Pin A14 blue-white wire grounds, to the body of the car , the car is DANGEROUS ! (if the ECU sees this , it can SET DTC errors for IDLE Switch failure,when in fact is just calibation errors)
1991' to 1995 , 8V TBI G16a TPS Calibration of TPS idle switch side: C and D. The 3 video tests (mp4)
(all years 8v) (this procedure assumes the TPS is not bad and that it was installed correctly , Indexed ) SEE 16V Calib. here.
See 1989/90 procedures here and quite unique.:
Again, the 3 throttle cables (up to) must not be tight. they are set loose per the FSM. (cruise , throttle and a/t kick down cables)
The TPS on some cars can be removed and inserted wrong, effectively making the TPS DEAD. (not indexed to the body correctly, per the FSM)
Any ohm meter works, here, even the $10 Walmart meter, works very well. No need at all for expensive tools to do this very simple calibration. (even and old analog needle meter works perfectly)
If may steps below are not clear enough then the Actual real SUZUKI FSM is here.
Preliminary setup: (have the 3 feeler gages in hand, or stack them, only 1 feeler is needed to do just the CAL. (the others are for validation steps)
This method is called GO, NOGO and CAL. (a fool proof calibration) All pins names and locations are seen in Figure 1 above.
If the TPS switch will never close , even with the TPS completely removed from the TB, then the TPS is bad.
If it fails on TB and is good off body, , TPS was mounted WRONG ! it is must be indexed correctly ! The Throttle must not prevent the TPS from closing, and vis versa.
Hopeless: (and solutions) applies to all 1991 to 1998 G16s. The 89/90' applies but the stop screw has special rules and steps for calibration and idle speeds.
FSM TBI actual pages on calibration. THE REAL DEAL !
Never adjust the painted or capped off, throttle stop screw , for any reason. it is a factory calibration for minimum air supply {tiny}. (except 89/90 years)
Below are the actual FSM pages for TPS calibration: TBI 1991 and UP.
8v Page1 with pin connections.
8v Page2 with feeler gauge spec.
8v Page3 end.
End FSM 8v.
EARLY 1989 and 1990 TPS Calibration and idle speed
These 2 years, are very unique.
All steps here:
This is the 89/90 steps for TPS calibration and idle speed, these 2 years are unique. (<<<I Show the wrong TB in some photos) but does not matter.! What matters are the steps.
See other pre 1989/90 uniquenesses here.
Photo #2 (early TBI) this is a real photo. (note no water pipes to the ISC on the left)
END all 8V TBI testing and Calibration.
16 valve G16B 1.6L MPI TPS fast checks then CALIBRATION procedures. The 3 video tests (mp4)
The 1996 to 1998 real FSM calibration procedures for TPS is Here and Here.
See hopeless:
Same rule, if some nincompoops, fiddled the TV valve stop screw, all bets off, this folly, must be corrected now.
The tests are really the same as the 8v
The TPS must not be bad.
Factory TPS calibration procedure for the 16valve MPI 92-98 Sidekick or Trackers. <click with comments.
The 16v TPS has no pig tail connector like 8v has, but has 4 pins, and pin 1 is on the bottom. as seen below.
below is terminal 1 to 3 test for the POT test. Suzuki calls this the TP pin, but is known today at Throttle Angle.
As you can see pin 1 is the bottom pin. (ground)
On car pin one is 5vdc key on and pin 1 is ground.
The pin 3 throttle angle varies from about 1v to 4v (non critical) but must be linear in action (foot throttle) and not glitch. (the volts must not glitch running or ohms when tested)
Pin 2 is the idle switch. is 5vdc when not at idle and near 0v when at idle.
Pin 2 must be below 500ohms key off connector off. 300 or less is a better goal as most do near 50 ohms pin 1 to pin 2.
All pins on all MPI TPS look like this and rules and wire colors !
The idle switch must be closed and near 0v running or the timing freeze and many things will fail.
The below graphic is for the OHMS test, but in fact this same drawing shows you what pins to test for the live voltage tests. (use the 8v rules for these test above)
Graphic #2 This is not calibration yet, this is just checking throttle angle.
This Graphic is just to see where pin 1 is and all 4. 1,2,3,4, bottom up.
16 valve MPI only. all years. 92-98
The on car live, key on, voltage test is here. You must leave the connector connected,and us a back probe technique, to read the voltages.
Pin 1 Ground. Gray/ yellow 0 Volts.
Pin 2 Idle switch out Blue/white (0v when at idle 5v off idle ) Some GM books show pin 1 as 5v, this IS WRONG.
Pin 3 TPS TP pin wiper POT or TP throttle angle Gray wire output varies from .5v to about 3.5v idle to WOT.
Pin 4 +5vdc from ECU. Gray/red
All colors are harness colors. GM and SUZUKI may use different colors on wires, but pin 1 is always down.
FYI: TPS functions are all explained.
16V TPS Calibration method: (FSM steps expanded) See testing here.
"CAL steps) TV means Throttle valve inside the TB the Throttle body.
(Throttle Position Sensor, Switch) See above graphic 1, for pin assignments. see hopeless.
Before calibration, there must not be these gross errors:
Adjusting the TPS switch is the ACT of Calibration.
The TPS is just a variable carbon resistor inside, no magic or electronics, just carbon.
Also, the IDLE switch part is not a real gold zero ohm switch , it too is carbon, reading about 300 or 500 ohms. It will never read 0 ohms. On a running engine the idle switch reads 0v. (if not ? it needs calibration or error 1 ,2,3 corrected above)
{ FSM is Factory Service Manual }
TPS not bad ,so test it first (using volts above live or resistance tests).
See chart above (table) for exact Go , NOGO and CAL feeler gauges.
A set of feeler gauges. a $2 tool.
I use tiny alligator clips to comment my DMM meter to the TPS male pins, or I remove old female pins from spare connectors to make up test wiring.
Attach an Ohm meter (DVM set to ohms resistance starting on the 2k range "2000 ohms") per instructions. (auto ranged meters, works ok too)
Begin the calibration. ( I will cover 92-98 1.6L 16valve MPI method here) A GO /NOGO method this is called. (factory methods)
This method guarantees some tiny fractions of inches ( of over/under-travel.) See chart on top of this page.
If this calibration is done wrong the following may (will) result.
PHOTO 3: 92-98 look same.
Look carefully the cable has 10mm slack , it must. If you also look carefully the TV throttle stop screw is blocked from anyone touching it !!! "adjustments don't (factory set) (the bracket does come off easy)
Below is Throttle body shown up side down, setting the TPS the easy way, it's near impossible to set on car, with the above bracket in place. ( 2 nuts hold the bracket on, only)
The 16v Calibration point below: photo 4 is just and observation it is not a spec. I set the bore/TV gap (if monkeyed) (see my crude solutions here)
Never touch this screw below, the feeler is the Calibration tool . Go/NoGo and Calibrate sizes.
The TV bore is so closed, that it will not pass water, but is closed 99.9% and not 100.00% so the fly plate can not JAM. (or cause bore wear) Suzuki has NO SPEC. ON THIS at all !
Other car makers do spec. this gap and that is what I use for guide lines getting this correct. Ford tired having no screw and TVs jammed up. Way to go Ford.
For sure BENCH setting is super easy, and works best do to , you see carbon blockage at TV/ Bore , and fix that.
If the screw was MONKEYED and you fix that first and off car the throttle cable can't interfere with the calibration.
Off car, you see the plate is not closed or is full of gunk blocking it open. (common on high mileage cars)
end calib. see how to fix the folly of finding that the TV valve is not 100% closed and some one messed with that screw above.
TESTING the 16V TPS.
THE OHMS test. Unplugged (not connected, testing) The 3 video tests (mp4)
(I recommend testing it before calibrating the sensor )
Doing the calibration is best done on th work bench. (but removing the left steel cable bracket does help on car calibrations)
The TPS can fail this way:
The Throttle Position pin , or TP
The TP pin, A.K.A. POT wiper pin or throttle angle pin : (Cold circuity test)
(POT side is never calibrated , only the switch side is calibrated on any of the 1.6L)
(The Throttle angle pin, allows fast acceleration rich mode "power enhancement" and causes WOT (wide open throttle mode) and causes Unflood mode at crank time. And cut fuel mode.
Key off:
Connector unplugged at the TPS 16v: (it has connector locks, be careful we cant buy new ones)
DMM/DVM: meter set to 20k Ohm range: See Figure 2 above for pin locations.
The pot side of this TP pin 1(bottom) and pin 3 , varies from very low ohms (typ. 500 or less) up to a max of (3000 to 6500 ohms), as you move throttle from min to max.
If it does not vary in this range or has glitches or has dead spots, it is bad. A $250+ Suzuki part. (all makers of this part, have rip off prices, it's no Toyota, so they can do that)
It doesn't have to be accurate , just consistent and linear. !! Again, this side (angle) , is never calibrated. !
The idle switch must close at idle. (0 volts connected on a running engine at idle (hot))
See calibration for more details.
DOA: Show and tell: (when things go wrong, never hit your TPS, oops , damaged , I bought a spare like this.! )
The Below internals of my TPS, are cracked, car will never idle. Look close and see cracks.
DO not open the TPS like I DID Below !, this is a destructive examination ! HACKED OPEN! shows cracks , that can happen.
This TPS was stuck in UNFLOOD mode, car will never start. due to fuel cut at cranking time.
Click to zoom image. Figure 3:
This damage happened during and engine removal. IT GOT HIT !
It also shows you how the carbon works, the Gold wiper device is missing here.
This shows you why the switch part never hits 0 ohms, like a real switch, that is because this one is Carbon, not gold contacts.
Photo 5, do not attempt to do this. This is just to show the guts and how it can crack inside.
My broken TPS, internals, hacked open
Seeing the ceramic substrate and the carbon thin films , is very visual and clear what is going on inside.
This photo clearly shows the 2 devices inside, the unit. a switch (right) and the POT. on the left.
the 2 (not shown) wipers short the inner and outer rings as they wipe.
The TPS is infamous to go intermittent first, then fail hard.
IF the TP pin has glitches as you accelerate? then the ECU causes a hesitation when you demand power. This is caused by worn carbon on the above rings, end of life.
1.8L DOHC J18 engine (or 2.0L J20) Sport Suzuki TPS calibration on the throttle body. "TB".
(1.8L and bigger motors. have no SWITCH at all now, one just sets the volts and you are done) {0.5v at HOT idle , key on)
(Which pin is TP ?. well, one is ground , one is 5v, and TP is low volts) It's the gray wire, with no stripe.)
See Full PDF (8pages) factory CALIBRATION.
J18 idle speeds out of control are covered here.
Unique changes to J18 engine (evolution) are seen here.
Volt meter, Ohm meter (resistance) or DMM. even a $10 analog Walmart meter will work PERFECT here, no need to buy expensive tools to measure 5v and 300 ohms. Not at all.
How to use the DMM is here.
General Information on TPS: (and facts and myth debunking)
There are 2 sections in this device, the top section is the Potentiometer (POT) or as some call it a variable resistor. A,B and D. (1,2,3,4 on 16v)
So there are 2 tests and only 1 calibration.
Side one is called the IDLE SWITCH , the other side, is the TP (throttle position side or Throttle Angle), This side form a basic Potentiometer, (POT) or variable resistor.
The calibration is only conducted with the SWITCH SIDE. C and D Pins. (8v example)
Failure of Idle switch:
If the switch fails , the car will NEVER idle correctly ( it will vary with load on the engine)
This switch is not a gold contact switch, it's just a carbon chunk, It has only 2 readings. less than 500 ohm and infinity. Never expect zero when closed ,like most switches.
The Fast idle control features will fail, the Cut fuel and EGR may fail. The ISC will be dead !
The late to open idle switch, will case Tip-in fuel mixing problems. Tip-in as in your right foot tips in the throttle and engine hesitates a bit.
The POT side TP SIDE:
Myth 1: No, the TP side does not set fuel injection rates, that is, the ohms (voltage) does not get scaled directly to injection quantity. But does in LIMPHOME.
The TP does get watched by the ECU, for rate of TV action, you move the throttle fast and the ECU sees that and goes to ENRICH mode, until the MAF/MAP catches up.
If you have a throttle hesitation problem then do the range test or the POT and ohm meter (resistance meter) test.
If POT TP wiper pin B or 3(16v) (reads above +3.75vdc ,when trying to start the car, the car will NEVER start.
The rule for WOT is "About" 75% and above Throttle angle is Unflood mode. The TP usually has 4vdc output at 100% throttle. can be more..
Un-flood mode. I mention this, because the ground can be broken to the TPS at pin D (p4-16v)and the car will never start. Unflood mode forever. CUTFUEL cranking.
The POT side, has 2 rules (besides that the actual accuracy is very crude, some pots are 3k and some are 6k ohms, a crude device.
1: The end to end ohms on your POT must be steady at all times. if it reads 4k is must, be so, at all times (that is how your's is and works)
2: As you measure the Pot wiper pin, to the other end ground pin, say D or (16v pin 1) the TP pin must vary from below 2k ohms to max what ever you read in line above.
The key here, is that the wiper pin must NEVER jump open (infinity) as you move the throttle.
This is very common , this failure of the TPS. after 100k miles many TPS can fail on any car, and depends, on utility, be that, city ,highway or mix, when that happens.
It it rare for any TPS to last the life of the engine. (about 300k)
This page is only complex because of the 10 years covered and 2 engines and evolutions of the same.
Never ground out the +5vcd refr. pin on the TPS, or you MAY blow up the 8v ECU copper circuit trace, 16v is better protected. (nor pray tell short this to 12vdc. ouch) Never hot wire any output pins on any ECU.
Never hot wire any ECU output pins, or you will damage these simple ECU's . (hot to battery Plus or ground) <<< never break this law !
Never hot wire or ground out the ECU +5vdc(Ref) pin. (if 5vdc is wrong, the TPS will not work. spec is. 4.75 to 5.25v and is a power supply from ECU to sensors.
Never hot wire the main relay or fuel pump relay or blow the ECU driver transistors to H3LL.
Never hot wire injectors or VSV solenoid valves with ECU hooked up.. or Boom "you let the smoke out !"
TPS FAILS: (TPS , it's wires. or bad ECU +5vdc ref power source) (the DTC code # change for 96+ but the words and reasons don't)
Previous owner removed it and put it back and now its not calibrated or did the calibration guessing or with wrong feeler gauges?
The sensors all eventually wear out and the throttle angle pins starts glitching or has dead spots.
TPS switch open, LIMPHOME IS IN EFFECT car starts, no idle controls, at all , ISC will be dead. DTC 44 , and 45 ( 45 is stuck at ground , very rare this , is a harness short)
Other pins open will throw over voltage DTCs for TPS. (or under of 5v is missing)
Open ground pin, the TPS goes to 5v and ECU may give warning and engine may not start and DTC code 21
( over 3.5vdc on the TP pin can cause UNFLOOD mode and all injections stop, depends on ECU year and its software)
(22 is stuck low)
The TP pin pin can do that (DTC #22) and is a bad TPS. or open 5v wire (like 5vdc is dead on the 5v pin of TPS, 5vdc gone is bad ECU )
The TPS can crack inside (see photo just above) or wear out inside and give totally random symptoms.
The ECU has a tendency to not see TP glitches (denouncing logic) and will cause hesitations, when advancing the throttle. (the ECU can't tell the difference from a glitching TPS or a driver with a wild right foot)
If the TPS errors are bad enough (with DTC's to match) and constant, the ECU may go, to limphome mode and car does start.(due to flooding) (it the ECU, mimics the bad TPS and runs VERY BADLY)
Keep in mind a failing TPS may send voltages to the ECU that the ECU likes and believes and Unflood mode gets activated. (silently; no DTC) (if the angle is at say 4v , the ECU thinks that is not an error , just the driver doing UNflood mode per operators guide)
One guy mis-indexed the TPS prongs to the matching prongs in the TB, and he got Unflood mode. (4vdc on TP pin) all injections cut.
Not properly indexing the TV shaft pins to the TPS can cause TPS to stick throttle open. (engine races at idle) Say you look in the throttle bore and the TV is not closed (with dashpot retracted on TBI). BINGO !
WOT is about 3.5v or more at the TP pin , and cuts all fuel , cranking... (it's a feature set on all EFI 1989 to present)
The 8V TBI below: TPS calibration point. TPS is located on the other side of the throttle shaft. The Dash pot is on the lower left, clearly seen.
Photo 6: The idle stop screw must never be turned.
The feeler gauge goes here above , to set the TPS calibration.
See More Tools ?
These errors can also cause the spark timing freeze jumper to fail, and timing jumps, when frozen by you and your jumper wire.
The TPS activates, idle controls, and allows the EGR to operate and many other things, so the idle switch must be calibrated or all this things fail.
The Nincompoop section , there are no limits to damage or people doing crazy things to cars, wrong parts, or damaging them. (my short list, lol)
Or bad luck, fate, or ?
PO = Previous Owners.
Symptoms,of TPS issues:
The TPS idle switch must close every time you drop the throttle (to near 0v)
The TPS switch, must open at the "correct moment" or the ECU will be very confused ! This is why the feeler gauges are used.
The TPS usually can never causes stalling, the #1 cause of that bad act, is EGR stuck open. (but can if the ISC goes dead and other failures, prevent air flow to the engine or very weak fueling as this idle switch will shut down, the ISC)
There are many failures on the EFI system that can seem like a bad TPS and is not. (Fuel pressure wrong, timing belt slipped, EGR stuck open, leaking injectors,clogged injectors (full or partial))....
Exceptions: (to how the TPS is used)
One is a cold engine. (off topic )
How the TPS is used on a cold engine veries by car maker (ECU tuner), my whole pages covers only a hot running engine. 180ºF + coolant temperatures.
If the ECU is in failsafe mode due to a Dead MAF (MPI) or Dead (MAP) sensor , the ECU then uses the TPS to mimic this dead sensor, and now becomes the only (+ RPM) way to measure air flow. The word crude is an understatement here.....
This mode of running is very rich fueling (and very crude) and the CAT converter will overheat. (even glowing cherry red)
DTC errors, 31, 32 ,33 or 34, or starting in 1996 DTC errors P0101, 102,or 103 (These errors trip failsafe)
Back probing 101:?
DIY: crude way, ( super easy, super cheap , fast?)
Using "Walmart leather sewing needles" work great. (with alligator clips to hold them) "these can work great"
back probing pro needles , banana cables to needles. (for back probing or pin probes with no damage to the pins.)
As the name states, backprobing is the art of connecting to live circuits, at connectors still connected, past those rubber seals there......
Great for testing all sensors on the car.
Buzz words:
CCW = counter clock wise , CW , guess?
W.O.T = Wide Open Throttle. (over 75 % is WOT most cars)
TPS = Throttle Position sensor, or TP and Throttle Position , on newer cars 96+ it is called a Throttle angle sensor.
Pot. = for Potentiometer, or variable resistor. Pot for short !, This pot is just throttle angle. Nothing more. (varies from 1v to 4v as you move the throttle, typically)
TP pin is the Throttle angle pin (wiper) of the TPS, not the idle switch. An electronics guy, calls this the wiper pin, that is because it wipes the carbon, as it moves and picks off a new resistance, as it moves.
Glitching = This means that the voltage or resistance is not linear at the TP pin (throttle angle) seen here as glitching open .
The idle switch will be below 300 to 500 ohms or near 0 volts idling (lower ohms, is ok , higher not, when at idle) {mine reads 50 ohms }
TB = Throttle Body.
TV = throttle valve, that is the butterfly valve, dead center inside the TB ,the Throttle body.
PO = Previous owners, (mostly with no books or tools)
M/T = Manual transmission, A/T , yes, automatic (this is all ASE /SAE jargon.
ECU , engine controller unit (a.k.a. ECM or PCM)
TCM, transmission controller module (4 speed automatic)
STOICH: (means perfect fueling) that happens in Closed Loop mode of the ECU.
Gunk means that nasty junk below the Throttle valve, (butterfly valve) that is created by EGR gas cloud, smacking in to the PCV cloud. and forming a tar like substance."GUNK"
TBI , the 8 valve engine with black top valve cover . Throttle body INJECTED with just 1 injector. (aka SPI ,er, single point injected, bla bla)
MPI, the 16valve engine with the words 16 valves embossed on top of valve cover, and is multipoint INJECTED (4 injectors)
rev. 19 , 10-18-2013 (losts of edits) corrected TPS idle pin voltage error, blush.....


text:
The 1967 movie is quite good but I prefer the Mel Gibson version titled Payback (the theatrical release not the directors cut).
But if you really want to enjoy the story read the book by Richard Stark. Quite simply put - it's amazing. Hell, any of Richard Stark's "Parker" novels are highly recommended. I also recommend Darwyn Cooke's Parker graphic novel series being published by IDW.
Just to let you know - I'm having a Black Friday/Cyber Monday sale for the next week on all of my posters and prints.
(In case you want to see the original Point Blank poster…here it is)