text:
Preternatural Pentadactyly in the Age of Planetary Probes:
(Should NASA Send Astronauts to Mars?)
Frank R. Wilson, M.D.
University of California, San Francisco
Presented at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
14 April 2000 Science Colloquium
Several weeks ago I was having lunch with two old friends, both senior scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. I told them that I had been invited to give this talk and was close to deciding how to explore its main theme. One of them had already seen the abstract posted on your website and told me he was pretty sure the title would leave people completely mystified and would probably persuade at least some of you to catch the early liberty boat today. I told him that I had chosen "preternatural pentadactyly" and "planetary probes" not simply because I have a fondness for alliteration but because this title afforded the maneuvering room I felt I needed to prepare a talk about the possible value of astronauts to a Mars mission. Based on what I had read in Jerome Groopman's superb piece, Medicine on Mars, in the February 14 issue of the New Yorker, it was obvious that safely transporting even a small crew to Mars and back would be a long and extremely expensive undertaking, so taking a fresh look at the pro's and con's of that decision was appealing to me.
My Livermore friends, both of whom apparently know something about the history of internal debates about manned space missions, quickly took opposite sides on the astronaut-to-Mars question, and both argued the case purely on financial grounds. Peter, I will call him, said NASA was afraid to spend the money it needs to do the job right. Paul, I will call him, said it would be far less costly to complete the mission without humans aboard and the results would not be compromised.
After listening to them for a while I told them I didn't think cost was really the core issue. Obviously, the expense associated with a manned mission could easily be so great as to force a rejection purely on financial grounds. But placing a crew on board necessarily alters the potential payoff in some way B quite possibly in a fundamental way B and even if a human passenger were treated as nothing but extremely fragile cargo, the public at large would attach a very different meaning to a manned mission than it would to an unmanned mission, no matter what the cost.
So I told them I thought we have to ask what we think can be accomplished under Case One B computers and robots only B and how Case One goals would be modified or even transformed under Case Two B humans aboard. I see no way to decide the question, nor any basis for making cost-benefit or risk-reward projections, until we recognize that an inaugural manned mission to Mars could never have the same goals as those set for an unmanned mission.
How exactly would these goals differ? What an interesting question that is! What is it, exactly, that a physiologically vulnerable human knows and could do on Mars that a mechanically robust and maximally computerized surrogate would not know or could not do? Any answer would have to apply not only now but twenty years from now, when we expect to be ready and able to send a crew to Mars. Surely you can see that this debate is not simply about Mars but about ourselves: What, if anything, is distinctive about human intelligence, and what is the prospect that computers will have made that distinction irrelevant within the next twenty years?
So that's what I want to talk about this afternoon. I will begin by suggesting that it would not be a waste of your time to look very closely at the debate that has been going on between the Artificial Intelligence theorists and more traditional psychologists and cognitive scientists, and to hear what a neuro-Luddite like myself thinks about that discussion C well, you are going to hear at least a few words about that. Mostly, I want to introduce you to a way of thinking about intelligence that gets you away from the university and out into the world where people actually live, scheme, make discoveries, and take actions. Having done that, I will take you back a few million years to the time when human ancestors stood up and began to use their upper limbs in ways that had not been possible prior to that.
Then I will walk you very quickly through the thesis that grew out of the decade of work that led to my book on the hand, that thesis being that the human hand and brain became an integrated system for perception, cognition, and action through a process of co-evolution, so that what we think of as human intelligence is as deeply imbedded in the hand as it is in the brain. Hopefully, without my having to explain this, you will leave here understanding why it didn't surprise me at all to read in the Groopman article that Dr. John Charles at NASA's Space Biomedicine Reseaarch Institute says everyone agrees that the most important person on a Mars mission will be a handyman. How interesting that the first hominid with a brain large enough to compare to Homo sapiens was the first hominid to manufacture stone tools. Homo habilis lived two million years ago. The name means, literally, handyman. By the end of the hour, in other words, you will have a few anthopologic ideas to consider throwing into the mix as you approach the moment when a manned Mars mission has itself evolved from being a distant goal to that all too familiar go/no go decision that must be made, with real lives riding on it.
For those of you who have to leave early, let me tell you how I would decide the question about including astronauts or leaving them behind. The answer actually becomes trivial once you provide just one additional bit of information. What I need to know is, do we explore Mars because we know exactly what we are looking for and that we must go there to find it; or are we going because we have no idea what we might find nor any idea how to look for it? Putting the proposition this way makes it sound like a no-brainer. Really! Who's going to spend a nickel on an age-of-Aquarius cosmic fishing expedition? But if we really are sure we know what we will be looking for on Mars in 2020, then this really is a no-brainer. There would be no way to justify sending a live crew along, because the AI and robotics people are unquestionably right on this point: within twenty years we really will be able to find anything we're looking for on Mars, and we will be able to do this without exposing human passengers to the inherent risks of that trip C everything from the invisible high-speed iron filings to correspondence-course neurosurgeons C nor will we need to expose ourselves to the burdensome expense and worry of a manned mission.
Does this mean I think you should drop your plans for a Mars astronaut program? Not at all. Let me go back to the question I said I wanted answered before deciding whether or not to go with the high-price option. But this time I will rephrase it in the form of a calculation I'd like you to make, or at least try to make. What are the probabilities that the principal, enduring accomplishment of a manned mission to Mars will prove to be something completely unexpected? Mind you, I am not referring here to the familiar cornucopia of research-driven transferrable technology. What I am referring to is a result that depends on a live crew actually traveling to Mars (and hopefully returning), a result that was not only completely unplanned but for which no specific preparations could have been made, and a result that either immediately or eventually provides a benefit to life on Earth of historic proportions.
The probability of such a result, I would like to suggest to you, is not only not zero, but may not even be close to zero. In order to help you construct such a calculation, let me give you two imperfect but suggestive examples of the sort of result I think might qualify. The first example is the Apollo 11 mission that began on July 11, 1969 and that was undertaken as much for geopolitical as for scientific reasons. However much that mission achieved its planned objectives, I think most people would agree its most important and enduring result will prove to have been neither political nor scientific, but emotional. Within an extremely short span of time that mission created an essentially worldwide consensus, born of both sensation and imagination, that humans occupy a small and exquisitely beautiful but fragile planet that must be protected. There is no way to know whether any visual image alone, either from 11 or from any of the other Apollo flights, could have produced the same effect, but I strongly doubt it. The spontaneous reactions, movements, and words of Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin made us all the earth-struck companions of men whose playful romping and cosmic contemplating came at us all in one piece B as if we had gone there ourselves B and gave us our first taste of membership in a planetary community. No one who participated in that experience will ever be the same, nor can life on Earth ever be the same.
The second example of a long voyage that completely transformed the world in a way that was not only unintended but that no one could have predicted is that of H.M.S. Beagle, a small British frigate that sailed from Plymouth, England on December 7, 1831 and returned to Falmouth, England on October 2, 1836. On board at the beginning, as you all know, was Charles Darwin, a 22-year old rich-kid just out of Cambridge who had been recruited by influential friends and former teachers and then approved by the ship's captain to serve as his mealtime companion. Robert FitzRoy, although just a few years older than Darwin, had already been captain of the Beagle for three years and already had one long coastal surveying mission in Tierra del Fuego under his belt. FitzRoy had sought a companion B a scientifically-inclined gentleman, to be specific B because he felt himself at risk for the same suicidal depression that 3 years earlier had taken the life of Pringle Stokes, the previous skipper of the same vessel. When Darwin accepted, his hope was to have a bit of travel and adventure before settling down to life in the English countryside as a gentleman-minister. But things did not turn out as expected. A planned 2 or 3 year South American coastal mapping expedition stretched into 5 years C during which time Darwin turned himself into a first-rate revolutionary geologist, by the way C and the single most significant revolution in the history of biology, before or since, resulted.
It is worth noting, by the way, that the unexpected and unplannable outcomes of these two trips emerged on very different time scales (roughly 5 days compared to 5 years), involved complex interactions of two radically different pairs of explorers aboard two radically different vehicles, whose thoughts and experiences were disseminated by radically different means under radically different social conditions. The emotional consequences of the first manned moon mission were immediate, highly public, ignited and globally propelled by electronic media; by contrast, the revolution not only in biology but in religious and social institutions sparked by the voyage of the Beagle was a slow-motion global event that began not merely in private but in closely guarded secrecy, defining itself and acquiring importance over the span of several decades. Indeed, the influence of Darwin's work has grown over the past century and is as vital a force in biology and as controversial a concept in religious doctrine today as it was at the outset.
With these two examples as background, I put it to you that the only reason to risk the lives of astronauts on an inaugural mission to Mars is that there is an uncertain but real prospect of a result that is utterly beyond the power of anyone anywhere to specifically predict or prepare for. By my definition, at least, this leaves out an exclusive or even leading role for computers and robots on the mission, because unless these machines have become completely autonomous in 20 years (in which case I don't think we can count on them caring much about what interests mere humans) they will still be running on the tracks we lay for them.
So now you know why I want to talk about the extremely complex and controversial issue of human intelligence. Once you have a better idea what I mean by that term, I hope you will understand why I am suggesting that NASA should devote at least some time to examining its own views on this subject, and to the influence those views may be exerting on plans for future manned and/or unmanned missions to Mars.
I will begin not with my own work but with an extraordinary book written by the British psychologist Henry Plotkin, Darwin Machines and the Nature of Knowledge. Although this book is readily available in the United States B it was originally published in the UK in 1993 and issued as a Harvard University paperback in 1997 B it is not widely known and it is virtually never quoted in the contemporary American literature in cognitive science. The reason for this oversight, I have come to believe, is that Plotkin's thought and writing are too clear and concise for American academic taste. Perhaps there are other reasons, but if so, they elude me.
To put his thesis into the briefest possible form, Plotkin proposes that we understand intelligence to be a special class of adaptive behavioral potentials found in a comparatively small number of species with somewhat unusual reproductive strategies. Most animals in this group exhibit what has been called a prolonged generational deadtime. What that means is that while these animals C like almost all other animals C receive their own unique, lifetime supply of genetic instructions at conception, unlike most other animals they do not make Ameal, mate, and morgue@ the short version of their personal biography. Animals with a prolonged generational deadtime delay paying off their genetic debt for a while C sometimes for several decades. And that's long enough for the world to become a different place, perhaps a very different place, while they are otherwise occupying their time.
In order for us to understand the opportunities and the risks that this strategy creates not only for living individuals but for the future of their species, we have to arrange two adjacent generations on the same canvas. Our parents C yours and mine C effectively settled the details of our genetic inheritance at the moment they were conceived by their parents. Their genes predicted then what we would need by way of muscle mass to stand upright against the earth's gravitational force, that we would want binocular vision, and sweat glands pre-set to react to a narrow range of ambient temperatures, and ears tuned to pick up the frequencies generated by the voices of other humans, and so on. Their genes not only arranged for us to receive all the standard equipment every new Homo sapiens needs, but prepared a schedule for bringing these systems on line at the right time and even gave us a curious and playful disposition so that we would find out for ourselves how it all works. All this stuff we would need and would need to become familiar with so that we, too, could become parents, constitutes what Plotkin has termed our primary heuristic C I'll get back to that term a bit later, but you will recall from your classical Greek days that a heuristic is simply the generic term for a device which aids in learning or discovery. The point is that the human primary heuristic is so thorough, stable, and conservative that a gene package transported from an Egyptian who lived 5000 years ago would have served us just as well as the one we got from our parents.
But other aspects of our environment are far less stable than gravity or the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. Indeed, looking specifically at the case of modern humans, who are the descendants of multiple generations of hominids that migrated over the entire face of the planet, we seem to have become not merely happy wanderers but compulsive agents for and architects of change of our own environments. And we reinvent ourselves wherever we go. Your parents and mine may have grown up in Africa, or Asia, or Europe, but you and I live in North America where the natives use spoken and written codes to communicate with one another that bear no surface relationship to the codes our parents used. We don't use horses or carts to go to work, we use subways, cars, sometimes even airplanes. We play video games, buy food from all over the world in supermarkets or boutique grocery stores, watch in amazement as our wampum materializes and then turns to dust on our computer screens, and sometimes send people in small containers into outer space. None of these things that we do is specifically anticipated by anything in our our genes or in the genes of our parents.
Plotkin credits the British biologist C.H. Waddington with having noticed that human life exemplifies what he called the Auncertain futures problem.@ And we've just seen what that means. It means, if your Finnish parents decided what your genes would be in 1930 and you were born in Brooklyn in 1955, how come you not only speak English but sound as if your family has always lived in Brooklyn? How did you learn to get from Flatbush Avenue to Lincoln Center on a train without getting lost or killed? And how did you learn to bake a pizza and play the electric guitar? Plotkin's sublime answer is, the human primary heuristic not only predicted that your world would be warm in the summer and cool in the winter, that you would have your first crush when you turned 14 and that you would like french fries the first time you ever tasted them, but that almost anything could happen in the world after your parents were conceived that it could not prepare you for. So it gave you a body with an unprecedented degree of operational flexibility and behavioral malleability so that you would not be undone by the avalanche of surprises waiting for you. It gave you the capacity to create your own personal kit of survival skills, which Plotkin calls secondary heuristics. These are the adaptive skills created, mostly through incidental learning or active instruction, as part of the lifelong process through which you calibrate yourself to the world not as it was in the good old days, but as you find it.
Your genes wed you to the present by giving you the capacity to discover at least some of the novel features of your world C not all of them C to analyze them, to relate them to more familiar features of the world, and to manipulate and rearrange them, and to craft a unique set of skills which would become such an intimate, fluent, and reliable part of your repertoire that they would look and behave as if they were genetic. Your so-called intelligence is not some number descriptive of a neuron or synapse count or a score on an IQ test, but the behavioral tool kit you built for yourself through experience. And it must be said that no matter how we labor to transform or reinvent ourselves, we have no way to Asave@ these discoveries or transformations genetically. So we devise extragenetic storage systems and experiential protocols for passing that information on to our young. We send them to school, and to libraries, to music lessons and summer camps, and to the Internet.
Let me briefly summarize: At conception every organism receives genetic instructions for the adaptations it will need to survive to sexual maturity. These instructions, which Plotkin calls primary heuristics, dictate how the organism will calibrate its own body to the physical details of its own immediate environment. The primary heuristic not only stages the acquisition of basic sensorimotor skills (when and how to swim, crawl, run, or fly) but sets critical perceptual filters for the recognition of sights, sounds, and smells that must be recognized and memorized immediately, initiates exploratory experiences in touching, vocalizing, walking, grasping, lifting, swinging, and so on, and directs the physiological unfolding of sexual maturation and the elaboration of mating behavior.
For some animals B and this is the case for all mammals, but especially for primates, anthropoids, and hominids (of whom we humans are the only surviving species) B survival has come to depend upon the acquisition of skills and behavior in an object world and a social world whose attributes and requirements change so rapidly that a high-level, specific preparation to respond to cannot be transmitted genetically. These animals have evolved organ systems that provide for discovery and learning in ways that can overcome the situational blindness of their primary heuristic. The adaptations and/or knowledge created by these special systems are called secondary heuristics, and the evolution of what we call intelligence is governed by the rules of the secondary heuristics.
Before moving on, let me make more concrete the distinction between a primary and a secondary heuristic. The human genome specifies that about 50% of the muscle mass of humans is located in the legs; for chimps, it's a little less than 40%, which makes sense because humans rely almost entirely on the legs for locomotion, whereas chimps use their arms both for walking and moving through the trees. But the human genetic code says very little about how we will use our legs to walk B we can go barefoot, or we can put on shoes, or roller blades, or even skis, or travel by bicycle, if we are willing to take the trouble to learn by imitating others who already know how to do those things, or by having them teach us. It is the primary heuristic that codes for muscle mass, for the cadences of upright walking, and for a variety of common gait patterns because the force of gravity is very stable over enormously long spans of time. Through experience and training we gradually acquire higher level motor and cognitive skills that allow us to improve on simple walking, or to operate whatever special devices we may have created for that purpose. These are the secondary heuristics. Happily for us, probably because life was almost nothing but uncertain futures for the earliest hominids, our own brains have room to appropriate information about present context and the capacity to calibrate our perceptual-motor abilities as we grow.
I would like now to turn from the thesis of Plotkin's book to the thesis developed in my book on the hand. In a phrase, for humans, evolution seems to have made the hand a sort of express lane for the definition and elaboration of secondary heuristics, a species-specific, high-bandwidth channel through which the human brain tunes itself to and communicates with the particular world in which the child finds herself or himself from the moment of birth. How did that happen?
When our earliest ancestors began life on the ground, neither the hand nor the brain were what they are today. Lucy, an australopithecine female who lived 3.25 million years ago, had several un-apelike anatomic features in the hand. As minor as these alterations to ancestral anatomy were B an increase in the length of the thumb compared to the fingers and the ability to rotate the index and middle fingers on their long axis B they gave Lucy's clan the biomechanics needed for some new grips and hand movements. Most important of these was what is called the A3-jaw chuck@ B a grip that permits an irregularly shaped stone to be held tightly between the thumb, index and middle fingers. This grip is identical to that used by a baseball pitcher for an overarm pitch. Such a grip, of course, would have been extremely useful if the skill of throwing could be mastered for purposes of hunting or defense. No one knows how much aggressive or defensive overarm throwing the australopithecines actually did, nor do we know when know exactly when subsequent changes in the anatomy of the hand occurred or how they may have been exploited by Lucy's descendants, but we do know that over the span of several million years, those of Lucy's descendants who learned to take advantage of the hand came to dominate the bipedal world of the hominids and eventually outlasted all their competitors. When our ancestors came down from the trees, in other words, an upright walking posture had not merely relieved the forelimbs of their primary role in locomotion but had opened the door to a completely novel domain of perception, action, and interaction based in the hands, and our ancestors were the ones who walked through that door.
It is now widely acknowledged by anthropologists, archeologists, and cognitive scientists alike that the biologic success of humans has largely been due to an increasing dependence on tools. This success story is centered in the hand, beginning with Lucy's 3-jaw chuck. Subsequent structural changes, mainly on the side of the hand opposite the thumb, allowed improved finger-to-finger contact and a greatly expanded range of both power and precision handling movements in manipulation of objects. There is still no accepted timetable for these later changes in hand structure, but the archeological record makes it clear that the exploitation of this potential to improve tools and tool use came very slowly. Stone knapping B that's spelled with a k B is the deliberate chipping of rocks to make cutting tools that became a widespread practice and marked the appearance of Homo habilis about 2 million years ago. Somewhat more elaborate stone tools first appeared at about the time the worldwide migration of Homo erectus began a half a million years later. But the same tools that these pioneers carried with them across the entire face of the globe over a span of a full million years remained essentially unchanged for that entire period. Our earliest ancestors had restless legs, it seems, but were thoroughly contented with the modest state of their technology.
However difficult it may be for us to imagine this degree of indifference of human ancestors to tools and gadgets, we should not really be surprised. After all, it is highly unlikely that the brain would have been capable of controlling the novel and increasingly complex movements of the evolving hominid hand before the hand itself was physically capable of varying the hand grips and individual finger movements which are now part of our repertoire. From a neurologic and evolutionary perspective, in other words, the conservative position must be that the brain developed these control capabilities very gradually and modified them over time as experience with the hand defined its long-term role in hominid survival. And because of the extremely slow pace of genetic change at the species level, a very long period of time would have been required to assure that each new member of our species would arrive with an inborn potential for skilled hand use, plus the urge to take things apart and put them back together again.
In the first half of this century, anthropologists had not yet accepted that brain, body, and behavior could evolve in concert, or as a corollary that the structure and function of brain and hand can only have co-evolved. On the contrary, it was taught that the human hand was simply a primitive structure that had been elevated to importance in life by the gift of a larger and more advanced brain. But we now know better, and indeed it could be argued just as forcefully (and narrowly) that the truth verges on the opposite: that it was the newly configured hand B and the uses to which it could be put B that leveraged an ancient and highly successful simian brain into what it is now. Co-evolutionary theory leads us to see the process as reciprocal and complementary, without telling us anything about the specifics. But this conceptualization also leads us to a profoundly important inference about the modern brain: namely, that it diverges from other primate brains mainly in its having acquired a host of specialized neural operations to support sensorimotor and cognitive activities involving the hand.
Modern humans are so deeply and unconsciously immersed in a kaleidoscopic developmental and experiential world that we are for all practical purposes oblivious of the operation of this system. I was utterly unaware of this reality myself until I began working with injured musicians, and it was not until after I had been treating musicians with hand injuries that I began to wonder why they were always so upset when they were unable to work. Why should that be? For musicians, playing is not only real work but hard work, and yet for them, time off (even if it is paid time off) is uniformly unwelcome. Obviously, if musicians are simply emotional about everything B they are professional emoters, one might say B one could ignore their distress over interruptions in the daily routine. But there is more to it than that: musicians devote their lives to self-expression and are unusually liable to upset when physically unable to exercise their hard-won skills. When they are instrumental musicians rather than vocalists, obviously, their achievements depend upon the hands.
What about other examples of people whose professional work has an expressive component and depends upon skilled hand use? What about sculptors and painters, goldsmiths, machinists and blacksmiths, and other performing artists like jugglers, magicians, and puppeteers? These people, too, are passionate about their work. In the course of interviewing a number of such individuals, inquiring not only about their careers but about childhood interests, teachers, family support, and so on, I learned that for some people, at least, the hand is not merely a practical tool for making a living, but a master teacher and interpreter of the world, and the primary means of expressing ideas and feelings about it and of effecting change in it. There are certainly rudiments of this hand-based relation to the world in all of us, but these were people who, often when they were quite young, had staked their future on what they wanted to do with their hands, seeking inclusion in a professional community that defines itself on the basis of a specialized skill and sphere of knowledge.
The more stories of this kind I heard, the more powerfully I was struck by the parallels in the developmental path of all of these young people. It did not seem to matter whether it was music or fixing cars or quilting or juggling or building things out of wood or clay B a remarkable force was set loose when these young people began creating something personal with their own hands. Of course these were not the stories of the average child in our society, who grows up in a world that has largely reduced the hand to an incidental role in educational and working life. Given the way most of us live our lives, these stories B even when they were told by successful surgeons B made me feel as if I had stumbled across something akin to a Big Foot colony in the wilds of the Pacific Northwest. Whatever they were, they looked suspiciously like a behavioral or cognitive missing link in the human evolutionary story, a hidden subspecies of humans whose intelligence was geared to a time when we were tool users B which is to say, before we became device managers and computer users.
I finally convinced myself that these were not throwbacks at all, but rather unusually transparent expressions of the inborn tendency of most if not all humans to have a brain that expects the hand to be the prime bodily mediator of experience and communication. And the issue of communication brings me to a final point about the evolution of human intelligence. It wasn't simply a matter of solitary hominids crouched over a pile of stones getting ready to go hunting. The anthropologist Peter Reynolds has emphasized that hominid tool manufacture and use cannot have been a solitary activity, except perhaps at the very beginning, two million or so years ago. As tools themselves became more complex constructions and as they came to be used for the manufacture of more complicated objects (weapons, clothing, shelters and the like) they required the cooperation of individuals working in groups, which is to say, the exploitation of diverse skills and knowledge within in a stable social context. And by the time Homo erectus had settled large parts of the planet, cooperative tool use in hunting and sheltering had become an essential underpinning of their survival strategy. This extraordinary revolution had taken place many thousands of years B hundreds of thousands of years, actually B before speech as we know it can have become part of the hominid behavioral repertoire. As a consequence of this experience, even language itself contains and builds on this ancient hominid dependence on skilled hand use and the increasing dependence of our ancestors of the tools they devised to help meet their needs.
It is not and never was the job of the human primary heuristic to predestine any child to be a carpenter or a mechanic or a computer programmer or a juggler. Its job was to allow for all of those possibilities, and many more besides, in the form of an entire suite of cognitive, inventive, and communicative potentials associated with an essentially open range of complex uses of the hand.
This brings me full circle back to my opening remarks, and in particular to my somewhat bold assertion that there is really only one reason to send humans on a mission to Mars, namely, because you don't know what you were looking for and don't know how to look for it. That is a mission for which humans are uniquely qualified, and a mission for which I can suggest no other satisfactory candidate. The absolute certainty of an uncertain future was a major driving force behind several million years of hominid evolution which produced the particular model of the primate brain which modern humans happen to possess, and that same ancient history is hardly irrelevant to your planning for our distant future.
For extra points, I would like to say a word not merely in favor of astronauts, but in favor of particular astronauts. I would side emphatically with Dr. Charles on the question of what sorts of skills belong on this mission, but for a stronger reason than the one he gives. It is not simply that you will need a handyman to fix broken pipes and broken bones, but that the handyman brings exactly the developmental pedigree you need to maximize the chances of finding what you are not looking for.
I notice that Dava Sobel will be talking on this series later this year. I am a great admirer of her books on John Harrison and Gallileo, and was intrigued to note that she points out that both men were accomplished musicians. Those of you who are fans of Patrick O'Brian's novels know that both Jack Aubrey and Stephen Maturin were string players and that their teamwork over the years was greatly influenced by their experiences playing together. So I suppose I can safely recommend to NASA that the Mars crew be made up of handymen and handywomen who are qualified to play chamber music (or even perhaps jazz) together. And if they also happen to be the sort who make good dinner companions, you will probably have done all you can or even need to do to give human history a crack at achieving its second voyage of the Beagle.


text:
Mixing & Mastering Engineers who worked with BLAKE
- clearsearch
- Genre arrow_drop_down
- Profile name arrow_drop_down
Search by profile nameclearsearch
- Recommended arrow_drop_down
Extremely versatile. Love live instrumentation. Want your 'real' drums and piano to blend seamlessly with your programmed beats and soft synths then I'm your man.
Mixing and ProductionAston Fearonfavorite_borderfavoriteUnited Kingdom
Freelance sound engineer available for studio projects.
Rohan is an Australian Mixing Engineer and Producer based in London, UK. He has been creating and recording music for over a decade and has a passion and dedication to his craft rivalled only by his pursuit of sonic excellence.
Hi! I've been a professional singer and vocal producer for over 20 years. I work for: Sony, Universal, Warner, Dig It International, Saifam Group, New Media, Time and many less known producers, songwriters, deejays and singers. I "give" my voice also to commercials and jingles for radio and tv.
ProTools-Certified Studio Engineer and Producer
Recording, mixing and mastering. Specialized in Punk Rock, Hardcore, Metal, Hard Rock.
More providers:
- Engineering/ mix credits include Rhianna, Jhene Aiko, Usher, Common + many more - Production credits include Chris Brown, Miguel, Aaliyah, Ludacris, Elijah Blake, Jojo + many more - Client Roster includes Atlantic records, Sony/BMG, DefJam/Universal Music Group, Interscope records, Warner music group.
One Stop Shop Im A Producer, Artist, Writer, Certified Engineer, I Setup Bands for Live Shows / Tours. I Also can run any and all effects needed on stage for the artist. If your in need of a feature I can feature as well .
Hi guys, you need expressive, modern pop vocals, or catchy songwriting? I'd love to help you! I write and sing in German and English.
First Call Session Guitarist, 2014 CCMA Guitar Player of the Year. I've got 10+ years of studio experience and very a diverse approach. I've recorded guitar on countless radio hits, notably on country superstar Dallas Smith's #1 hit "Wastin' Gas", produced by Joey Moi, as well as countless other radio hits.
Drummer / Mixer / ProducerAlessandro Vagnonifavorite_borderfavorite63822 Porto San Giorgio
I'm a professional musician and sound engineer living in Italy, playing drums (touring with many projects, including mine) and making on-line sessions. I can provide hi-standard drums trackings in my own studio, human-like programmed drums, audio editing and mixing via file sharing, producing. My cup of tea is Rock, Metal, Funk, Hip-Hop.
Grammy Award Winning Percussionist in Nashville for over15 yrs. India.Arie, Blake Shelton, Mindy McCready, Major sountracks -Spiderman, Fast and Furious, Saving Silverman. Extensive experience with online sessions on all major platforms. Let's work together and put the finishing touches on your song! Thanks!
Elise Kathryn: Berklee College of Music Graduate (Songwriting/Vocal Performance), Songs on ABC's "Grey's Anatomy," MTV's "Siesta Key," and more, Background vocalist and keyboard player for country singer, Carly Pearce (Currently on tour with Blake Shelton), Performances with Steve Winwood, Earth Wind & Fire, Tower of Power
Ocean Way Nashville is a preferred studio of Sony Playstation, Electronic Arts, and many other video game companies as well as having hosted many of the top recording artists of the past 20 years. The facility is owned and operated by Belmont University.
Recent Successes
"Mike did a great job on getting exactly what I wanted out of my mix and master. Definitely recommend."
"Good team, good job."
"Kain was an absolute delight to work with. He was professional, and was able to get the masters back to me very quick. Due to my neurotic nature, I had a few tweaks I wanted to make (due to my unbalanced mixes more ..."
"fast & TOP Quality ...great intuition.!!! "
"Alex Mixed & Mastered my debut E.P throughout the month of June. He was a pleasure to work with. Even when explaining my notes with sudo muso terms, you know 'a little more crunch here' type of thing, he understood. W..."
"Dustin really knows how to sing, and it was a pleassure working with him! fast delivery and great quality!"
"Matty was recommended to me and it was the best thing getting in touch with him. He has rare qualities - an amazing musican, producer, sound engineer, intuitive, responsive, interpretative and understanding. I cannot ..."
"Thank you for the patience and professionalism you exhibited while mixing and mastering my songs...Juan is a great mix-master who put the time and effort in to please his clients...Give him a try, he is excellent..."
"I enjoyed working with FraMusic. He takes the project very seriously as if it was his own song. Nothing better than working with someone who you can trust with your project and who will deliver! He is very patient an..."
"I got a great mix from David. He knows how to make your song have a great sound and quality. You should try his services, you won't regret. "
"Brandon is a fantastic mixer who is highly experienced and passionate about what he does. It was clear to see that he gave his full effort and went the second mile while working on my track. Thanks for the good work! "
"Leo works hard and he's patient. He never leaves you wondering what's going on with your project. He did a great job of interpreting what I, the artist, wanted in order to fulfill my vision for the sound of my song...."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Refractory mortar for masonry fireplace and chimney. Custom brick fireplace with antique white mortar and. Old red clay solids as firebrick alternative. Interior interior accent ideas using brick fireplace.
Best 25 grey stone fireplace ideas on pinterest stone. Emberglow 24 in appalachian oak vented natural gas. Fireplace smoke smell house filled with smoke but no fire. Items similar to fireplace mantel scarf shabby chic victorian style venice lace on etsy. Promotions the original flame. 17 best images about two sided fireplaces on pinterest. 356 best contemporary fireplaces images on pinterest. Free shipping q 02 large panel electric fireplace heaters. Golden: prime plateau location, netflix, fireplace. How to make a quick brick fireplace makeover : kvrivercom. Metal fireplace mantel shelf zef jam. Fireplace safety fence fireplace fence baby safety fence hearth gate bbq metal.
4550quot; kyledale faux brick electric media fireplace. 4575quot; seneca electric media fireplace white w/ white. Home realistic fake fire, indoor campfire firepit. Ana white faux fireplace mantel diy projects. Diy faux farmhouse style fireplace and mantel twelve on main. Building a faux fireplace mantel still needs paint diy. Diy faux fireplace entertainment center part 3 faux. A stunning look alike: 10 diy faux fireplaces that look. Diy faux fireplace entertainment center part 3 bless#039;er. Canyon heights faux stacked stone electric fireplace. Gallatin faux stone electric fireplace w/ bookcases. Fake fireplace insert: logs and more accessories for. Faux slate fireplace. Sophia#039;s: flea market faux fireplace master bedroom update. Fake it til you make it the making of a faux fireplace.


text:
If you need a developer, you can use AppFutura to post your app or software development needs and receive proposals from top development companies on our platform. You'll be able to discuss your project with them through our messaging tool and hire the development company you prefer through a safe payment system, in which you'll be able to deposit payments and only release them if the work is successfully delivered.
You can learn more about how our payment system works or browse and meet featured companies in directories.
You are creating a new project to invite Multimedia Nordic to work with you.
Kiev, Ukraine
We protect your wallet and time! What we offer: Web-development Graphic design Application development We offer fast and functional solutions for business. Our sites are developed using the latest technology, a platform that allows you to create unique and multi-functional websites without any...
We use Cookies to improve and perform a navigation analysis on the website. If you continue browsing, we understand you are accepting its use. You can get more information or learn how to change the settings in our Cookies Policy.


text:
Read The Unraveling of Lady Fury by Shehanne Moore Free Online
Book Title: The Unraveling of Lady Fury
The author of the book: Shehanne Moore
Edition: Etopia Press
Date of issue: March 27th 2013
ISBN: No data
ISBN 13: No data
Language: English
Format files: PDF
The size of the: 8.51 MB
City - Country: No data
Loaded: 1314 times
Reader ratings: 7.5
Read full description of the books:
Rule One: There will be no kissing. Rule two: There will be no touching…
Widowed Lady Fury Shelton hasn't lost everything—yet. As long as she produces the heir to the Beaumont dukedom, she just might be able to keep her position. And her secrets. But when the callously irresistible Captain James "Flint" Blackmoore sails back into her life, Lady Fury panics. She must find a way to protect herself—and her future—from the man she'd rather see rotting in hell than sleeping in her bed. If she must bed him to keep her secrets, so be it. But she doesn't have to like it. A set of firm rules for the bedroom will ensure that nothing goes awry. Because above all else, she must stop herself from wanting the one thing that Flint can never give her. His heart.
Ex-privateer Flint Blackmoore has never been good at following the rules. Now, once again embroiled in a situation with the aptly named Lady Fury, he has no idea why he doesn't simply do the wise thing and walk away. He knows he's playing with fire, and that getting involved with her again is more dangerous than anything on the high seas. But he can't understand why she's so determined to hate him. He isn't sure if the secret she keeps will make things harder—or easier—for him, but as the battle in the bedroom heats up, he knows at least one thing. Those silly rules of hers will have to go…
Download The Unraveling of Lady Fury ERUB
Download The Unraveling of Lady Fury DOC
Download The Unraveling of Lady Fury TXT
Read information about the authorShehanne Moore is a Scottish author, who writes gritty, witty, as much risky as risqué, historical romance, set wherever takes her fancy. Stories that detail the best and worst of human behaviour, as opposed to pouts and flounces. For years she worked at various things, while pursuing her dream of becoming a published writer, so she was gobsmacked to sell her book, The Unraveling of Lady Fury, written in three months, to U.S. publishers, Etopia Press, six days after subbing it.
Shehanne still lives in Scotland, with her husband Mr Shey. She has two daughters. When not writing intriguing historical romance, where goals and desires of sassy, unconventional heroines and ruthless men, mean worlds do collide, she fantasizes about cleaning the house, plays the odd musical instrument and loves what in any other country, would not be defined, as hill-walking.
Reviews of the The Unraveling of Lady Fury
Not impressed
I was inspired by this book!
Why do they ask for a phone?
Why do I need to write a phone number?
This book changed my life!
Add a comment
Download EBOOK The Unraveling of Lady Fury by Shehanne Moore Online free


text:
Watson Munyanyi May 29, 2019 5Good product !Good Tweco Velocity Mig Gun supplier! All of well!!
Salehin Kamal May 11, 2019 5a great value for the price. I highly recommend this Tweco Velocity Mig Gun !
Mr.nishant Chopra May 11, 2019 5Because of this Tweco Velocity Mig Gun ,I can finally stop looking.Thanks manufacturers!
Hanna Yliherne May 07, 2019 5Best value for the money,Highly recommend this Tweco Velocity Mig Gun !
Shaw Apr 25, 2019 5I recommend you all this Tweco Velocity Mig Gun . ALL are great!
Zarya Vladimir Apr 23, 2019 5It's nice that Tweco Velocity Mig Gun with good package, we will have next cooperation.
Jon Beard Apr 14, 2019 5Order delivered. good Tweco Velocity Mig Gun and beautifully packaged. Included is all.thank you.
Cherry Apr 12, 2019 5Thank you. Expect your purchase again!
Zhelyu Krastev Mar 24, 2019 5Although the shipment is late for few days, the following serivce of the seller is good.Still recommend EDAWELD COMPANY LIMITED company!
Zbigniew Stefaniak Mar 19, 2019 4all are good, post fast so good,,,seller good,,,and Tweco Velocity Mig Gun verry good every thing super dooper good in future i will buy from this sellar and thanks
Shoaib Mar 18, 2019 5extremely quick shipping. good quality product.High recommend EDAWELD COMPANY LIMITED company!
ZIA ULAMIN Mar 07, 2019 5Everything goes well,will come and buy again if the Tweco Velocity Mig Gun is really good.
We didn't put all products on website. If you can't find the product you're looking for, please contact us for more information.
Hot Products
Subscribe To Our Newsletter:
Get Updates, Discounts, Special
Offers and Big Prizes!


text:
Your Local Landscape Provider!
Are you ready to bring your property to its full potential? We're Minneapolis area's trusted resource for all things landscaping. Whether you need residential full design/build or maintenance services, 3 Bears Landscaping has the expertise and trusted reputation to make your yard the best it can be!
Our Services:
Please click on the the service that you are looking for below!
Looking to install a patio or redo your backyard? Get started by booking a consultation with us to go over your budget, our design costs and see if we'd be a good fit to tackle your project. Budgets normally around 15k-40k+
Looking to get a smaller job done? Budgets start at $2,500.
We offer a full range of maintenance services including Weekly Mowing, Mulching, Planting, Spring and Fall Clean Ups, Hedge Trimming, Pruning, Aeration, Slit Seeding and more!
Don't worry about tackling the snow all winter long. Trust in 3 Bears to clear your property and keep it clear. We offer seasonal snow maintenance services to the residents living in south Minneapolis. We also use pet friendly ice melt.
Begin your landscaping or maintenance quote with ease and schedule your free phone consultation at a time that is convenient for you. Our professional staff can discuss our products and services to help find the best solution for your property!


text:
Patrick Caulfield (British, 1936–2005)
Some Poems of Jules Laforgue, 1973; Eight screenprints in colors (all framed separately); Each signed and numbered 10/100; 17" x 15" (sight, each); Provenance: Private Collection, Massachusetts
Sale Price: $4,688
Estimate: $4,000 - $6,000
Condition Report
Not examined out of frame. No apparent issues. Colors are vibrant and images are crisp.


text:
Hope Town: Reality of a Dream
In Part 1 of the book "Sarah and The Goat", the reader is brought back to the late 1700's when the Islands of the Bahamas were first settled by Loyalists and relives a way of life that may even be similar to our present day.
In Part 2 of the book, "Older Houses of Hope Town", the dreams of building a new life are connected with the building of houses that created a community appropriately named Hope Town.
The "Reality of a Dream" has been realized by many in search of a new life in Hope Town from the time it was originally settled until the present.
"The tropical setting of swaying palm trees and inspiring blue green waters is like living on the untouched edge of the world."
Richard L. Seaberg
Product Details
|Publication date:
|Product dimensions:
|6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x 0.39(d)
Read an Excerpt
Hope TownReality of a Dream
By Richard L. Seaberg
AuthorHouseCopyright © 2012 Richard L. Seaberg
All right reserved.
Chapter OneLighten the Load
"All our dreams can come true if we have the courage to pursue them." Walt Disney
The goat was amazed at how he was treated. He knew that he deserved better treatment than to be tossed into the ocean with all the other animals. In his mind, he knew that he was resilient and could swim to the nearby shore ahead. What was seemingly a simple ocean journey to a new home became a fight for survival. His heart was beating fast and his legs were beginning to feel tired. He saw the cow to his right go under. A little behind the cow, a group of chickens was having a tough time staying afloat. There were no others in front of him, so he assumed that he was the leader.
Why, he thought, did they toss all of the animals into the water? It did not make any sense. Perhaps the ship was too full and they needed to lighten the load. He also thought that perhaps there was a sickness spreading amongst the animals. Whatever the reason, here he was afloat and heading for that island ahead. This was truly an adventure he had not expected.
Aboard the sailing ship, a young girl was crying. She screamed at the captain.
"Why did you throw my goat overboard? He was my favorite!"
After the goat, the crew started pushing a cow over the side. The cow weighed a lot and was not cooperating. One of the crewmen fell down on the deck and was bleeding badly from his head. Another of the crewmen went over the side with the cow.
Now the girl was sobbing uncontrollably.
"My angel, my pet goat!" she screamed again.
The captain said, "Sarah, shut up or I'll throw ya over."
The three-masted whaling ship, named the Savannah, was en route from East Florida to the Bahamas.
The year was 1785.
Chapter TwoThe Storm
"Deep into the darkness peering, long I stood there, wondering, fearing, doubting, and dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before."
Edgar Allen Poe
The goat finally made it to the shore. It was kind of rocky and it hurt his hoofs a lot. He started to think that the water was a better choice, but then he decided to press onward to the greenery that awaited him. This goat was not ordinary. He was very interesting and thought a lot about everything. His name was Elmoson and he got that name in a very unusual way.
While on the ship, he was treated like a god after he saved the ship from disaster. That was the main reason he could not understand why he had been thrown overboard!
It all happened one night during a storm that arose from the northeast. The stars were out and shining brightly. The wind picked up slowly from the west, then increased as the moon moved from just above the horizon to overhead in the sky. By that time, the wind was howling from the northeast and the skies were gray. The ship was pitching as it rolled from one wave to the next. The captain, Bradford Rogers, knew that his position was just east of the most northerly Bahamian Island chain. He also knew that there were considerable shoals of coral that could rip the ship apart.
Just then, the ships wheel spun around as the first mate could not hold it any longer. The ship turned ninety degrees and headed toward the west. The mizzen boom swung around and came unhooked from the mast. The boom hit the compass and knocked it into the sea. Then, the ship turned again to the east. Most of the crewmen fell down, and a couple of them were washed overboard to their fate.
While the drama played out on the deck above, the passengers clung to whatever was within reach in the cabins below. The animals, including the goat, were in the hold below the steerage area and being thrown from one side to the other. The goat decided to climb up the steps of the ladder that led to the deck so he could see for himself what was happening. Once on the water-soaked deck, he crawled on his belly so he would not slide over the side.
A disaster was unfolding before his eyes!
Everyone was in harm's way, and no one seemed to know which way to steer the ship. Captain Rogers was lying on the deck holding onto a line. The first mate had tied himself to the wheel. Others were just holding onto anything that was stable.
The wind was getting worse and the waves were very tall. As far as the goat could see, this was the end for them all if he did not take action.
Elmoson remembered a story that Sarah's mother read to her as she prepared for bed. They did not know he was listening. The story was a Christmas tale about a special goat. The story stuck in his mind because he, too, was a goat, and he thought of himself as special. Perhaps he could now help with the ship's approaching disaster.
As he peered out into the night, he could see one star way off to the south; after all, his vision was much better than that of humans. He crawled up to the bowsprit and stood with his legs wedged between the rails and his head bent forward. Now and then, the full moon showed itself from the west through the dark sky. It shone directly on him as he directed the ship's helmsman back to a southerly course by turning his head in that direction. The goat had an instinctive sense of direction.
Without a compass to guide him and without being able to see the stars above, the helmsman was at a loss as to which way to turn. He was so startled to even see the goat up on the deck, let alone on the bowsprit, that he just followed his senses and swung the wheel as the goat directed.
The sailing ship Savannah made it through the ravaging storm safely.
Thus it was written in history how the goat got his name: the crew of the ship realized that the goat must have been sent by St. Elmo, the patron saint of sailors, to help them in their time of need.
They concluded that he was St. Elmo's son; hence, Elmoson.
In the years to come, Elmoson would go down in historical lore as the story of the Savannah's journey to a new land was passed down from generation to generation. As with most lore, as the story was passed on from one person to another, it was slightly embellished.
But now, here he was on this strange island. It had been many days since the storm, perhaps even a few weeks. He still could not understand how, after they had heralded him for saving the ship, they actually could have thrown him overboard. This still made no sense at all!
It was then and there that Elmoson quickly decided to forget the whole incident and move on with his life. It was a decision that he would make many times again throughout his travels.
Chapter ThreeInstinct and a Dream
"Do not go where the path may lead; go instead where there is no path and leave a trail."
Ralph Waldo Emerson
It was late afternoon, and the sun was low in the sky for the third day in a row. Elmoson had been eating leaves and berries that whole time and was getting quite full. He decided that at first light he would venture further into the heart of the island. Perhaps he would climb up that rise to the west and take a look around. He settled in for a good night's sleep in a bed of undergrowth just under a small palm tree.
The vegetation on the island was low and gnarled from the constant wind that blew from the east. There were not too many trees that were above fifteen feet in height, and even those were bent over again from the wind. All of the growth was brownish from the salt spray. The island seemed deserted and perhaps, he thought, it would always be so. It was not as beautiful, he would eventually find out, as some of the other islands in this part of the Bahamas.
The next day was sunny and warm just like the day before. When the Savannah left Charleston, it was late in the month of May. The air was warming every day, and soon the heat would be intense! The goat noticed that the sun was getting higher in the sky and the days seemed longer. He had not noticed this at the plantation. He seemed to have more time to think to himself without the other animals to distract him. He liked that. Elmoson thought peace and quiet also made the days longer.
As he started to make his way through the thicket, he reflected on the few days he spent just eating. Even though the food was salty, he enjoyed it better than the grass in the fields around the barn back home. There was more about this being alone that might be right for him.
As he ate his way through the brush and made a path, he thought about the chickens and the cow and the pig. Did they drown, or were they just slower than him in reaching the shore? Perhaps they did not have a directional sense and, after he was out of sight (as he was clearly the leader), they lost their direction. That would mean that they were no longer here on earth, or they could have landed somewhere else. He wondered if he was also alone in that sense.
He put that thought in the back of his mind and continued onward.
About halfway up the incline, he noticed the sky turning darker and the wind changing direction. It was like that night of the storm on the ship. It appeared to him that this was a repeat of that time. That information was stored in his mind for future use. He was learning lessons about life and survival that he would never have encountered on the plantation.
He calculated the length of time it would take to reach the top of the rise by figuring how long it had taken him to travel from his starting point to his present location and then the distance to his destination. Those distances seemed to be equal. The time he estimated was from when the sun rose to where it was now, which was halfway to its full height in the sky. He knew that he could reach the top before the rain started because of his experience with the storm on the ship. But he must not dally; he must move ahead with great speed in order to make it before the storm arrived.
During the next hour, some birds flew by, apparently evacuating the land as they felt the oncoming storm. The wind direction changed and was swinging clockwise to the south. The noise of the island, mostly from the waves beating against the coral rock, decreased and it was very quiet and calming. For at least an hour before he finally reached the summit, there seemed to be complete silence.
He felt very alone and very vulnerable.
Then the rains came. Rounds and rounds of rain driving in from the west with gusto!
Elmoson could not see anything. So he closed his eyes and leaned into the westerly wind. He stayed in that position for a long time, not moving an inch. He was oblivious to his surroundings. He was calm and safe in his own being. This was natural to him. This was something that was given to him since his beginning on earth. He often wondered why the other animals could not be this calm. The animals got all worried and, when there was danger, they became frightened and talked amongst themselves; making strange sounds that he did not understand. They ran and fell down. Some even got hurt. Of course there were others that were herded into the barn by the humans until the danger passed. He was always directed to go into the barn with the other animals; however, he knew that his chances were better if he was alone. He knew this because of his special gift of being able to put what was happening around him completely out of his mind.
His eyes closed. Before he went into a state of unconsciousness, he wondered what the view would be like when the rain stopped and the clouds cleared. He wondered what he would see off in the distance in all directions. He envisioned a beautiful sight of blue-green waters all around and palm trees swaying gentle. He envisioned that he could see forever in every direction, and that there were many other islands close enough for him to visit. He dreamed that one day he would see Sarah again, and perhaps she would recognize him. He did not want to go back to that life of the past because he liked the feelings that were now inside of him. But he also liked his past existence and just wanted to know that everyone was living a happy life. Finally, he stopped thinking and dreaming and went to sleep for a long while.
It was actually four days later when he awoke. He knew it was time to wake up, as his senses alerted his mind. The rain had stopped, the wind had changed, and the air felt fresh and clean. A renewed feeling engulfed him because the environment around his still body had changed for the better.
As his eyed opened, he first saw the view in back of him; as he had a panoramic field of vision. The waves of the ocean were breaking gently on the coral rocks. The sun was just rising and its young rays shone across the tops of the gentle waves, creating a calming, glistening effect. The scene, Elmoson thought, was truly spiritual!
As he looked from behind himself to the sides, he saw the same scene turn into a still calmer sea with islands off in the distance. When his view of sight came to straight ahead, he saw the absolutely awe-inspiring calm, blue-green waters of a large bay area. Then, off in the distance and within the same visual sight, he saw another beautiful island framed by a light blue sky with wispy white clouds that seemed suspended in animation along with the spectacular crystal clear, blue-green protected waters. In the foreground and just below him at the water's edge, he was happy to see a lush carpet of brilliant green undergrowth and tall palm trees. The whole panoramic view resembled the most beautiful painting ever created.
It was just as he had envisioned it to be in his dream: a paradise!
Chapter FourThe Arrival
"Go confidently in the direction of your dreams; live the life you have imagined."
Henry David Thoreau
Sarah pulled the sheets over her head. The sea was rolling in continuous long swells from the north, so for the first time since they had left port, she felt sick to her stomach.
Her captain called to her: "Sarah, get up here on deck and you will not feel so sick."
She climbed up the ladder and poked her head out of the hatch and into the brisk wind. When her eyes met the horizon where the sea met the land of the island ahead, she felt a little better.
With her mother and sisters occupying the forecabin, Sarah was happy that she had the luxury of sleeping in the captain's quarters and did not have to hear her mother's orders at every turn. The captain did not order her around quite as much.
Since leaving East Florida, the captain had taken a strong liking to Sarah and her to him. Sleeping in the captain's quarters was certainly more pleasurable than sleeping alongside one of her sisters while cramped in those tight quarters at the bow of the ship. She liked it in the aft cabin and would always make the captain happy so she could continue to be there.
Sarah called back to the captain: "You are so right, my dear captain. What was I thinking?"
The Savannah entered the bay through some reefs where an island came precariously close to her starboard side. It was a narrow inlet that the captain had been through before. He was well aware of the dangers, and he knew the course to follow.
To the east, there were a few small cays with shallow waters around them. Way off in the distance, there was a larger crop of land that appeared across the bay. The crew dropped and set the anchor close to a smaller cay that was just southwest of the larger island, which the crew referred to as "Man O' War."
As it was quite late in the day, the Captain decided that they should wait until morning to explore the other islands that surrounded the ship in this protected inlet. There seemed to be some jubilance amongst the crewmen as to what they would find in the next few days. After all, they had been through some tough weather since leaving the colonies just a few weeks prior.
The full moonlit night went by slowly, and then finally, there was the dawn of a new day.
The heavy chop of the bay waters had diminished to a slight ripple as the wind was now coming from the southeast. The crew lowered three longboats into the deep, dark blue waters of the inlet.
Sarah, her sisters, and their mother got into the first boat with the captain and two oarsmen. In the second boat were the five slaves that had accompanied the family on the overland trek from their plantation in Charleston to Florida, and then across the sea on the Savannah to these islands of the Bahamas. In the third boat were more crewmen and some provisions for the day's events.
They rowed across the protected bay over the clearest waters any of them had ever seen. One of the crewmen put a long oar over the side to see the depth of the water, as it appeared to be only a few feet. The ten-foot oar did not touch the bottom. However, they could clearly see the sandy bottom dotted with crawfish, starfish, and sea urchins. An abundance of tropical fish swam in circles around their boats. As they looked ahead, they could see the land; it seemed to float above the blue-green water. Sarah thought that the water perfectly matched the color of one of the gems on her mother's necklace.
Sarah, even with all these wonderful creations of nature around her, was in a foul mood. Granted, she still was not feeling herself given her seasickness the day earlier, but there was more on her mind. While the others continued to admire the beauty around them, she just sat there with a frown on her face. She was still upset with her mother for bringing her along on this ridiculous journey to nowhere. After all, she was old enough to stay in Charleston by herself.
She decided sometime before they left Charleston to stay there and live with her Aunt Helen, but her mother reminded her of the promise that they all made to her father on his deathbed. He told them that they must go to the Bahamas and stay together. Sarah would be true to her father's wish.
Now she was there in the Bahamas, and they were all together. She had now completed her father's wish!
By the time the boat reached the narrow inlet that approached Great Harbour, she had made up her mind. She would not stay here but would return to Charleston. She had talked previously with her captain on this subject, and he indicated that he would take her back to East Florida since he would be returning there for more passengers. That was good enough for Sarah.
When the three boats coasted to a stop on the sandy beach inside the harbor, they all got out and walked ashore. All except for Sarah. She sat there in the boat for several hours refusing to go ashore, while the others explored the beautiful island. She never saw the natural beauty of the land.
Excerpted from Hope Town by Richard L. Seaberg Copyright © 2012 by Richard L. Seaberg. Excerpted by permission of AuthorHouse. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.
Table of Contents
ContentsPrologue Hope Town: A Paradise....................xi
Author's Dream....................xv
Part 1 Sarah And The Goat: A Fictitious Tale....................xvii
Chapter 1 Lighten the Load....................1
Chapter 2 The Storm....................3
Chapter 3 Instinct and a Dream....................7
Chapter 4 The Arrival....................11
Chapter 5 Sailing the Ocean Blue....................15
Chapter 6 Shanghaied....................19
Chapter 7 A New Life....................23
Chapter 8 A Time to Heal....................27
Chapter 9 Sarah's House....................29
Chapter 10 Freedom....................33
Chapter 11 The Reunion....................37
Chapter 12 The Last Straw....................41
Chapter 13 Return to Paradise!....................45
Interlude Transition of Thoughts....................51
Part 2 Older Houses of Hope Town: Drawings and History....................53
Older Houses of Hope Town: Listing of Houses....................67
Portfolio Drawings....................71
Building Areas in Hope Town....................127
Current House Groupings....................134
Customer Reviews
Average Review
Most Helpful Customer Reviews
This book creatively travels through history, to fictional sequences, to architectural relevance! It captures the reader with a slightly historical driven fictional tale and then brings significance to the architecture of the older houses of a Bahamian Island. A new style of writing that weaves life's dreams with the reality of existence through many centuries!


text: Film Review: Where Hands Touch Print Email Email to a friend Your email Your name Friend's email Friend's name Verification Please prove your humanity Go on prove it :) Close Related Articles Audience Awards at Sydney Film Festival rarely stray far from home Audience awards are statistically strange but certainly encapsulate loyalty. Box Office 24 June 2019 - family blockbusters overwhelm market Top End Wedding won't go far beyond $5.1m which is way below the figures for a popular indigenous film of even five years ago. Blockbusters and Netflix continue to attack. Vale Bill Collins - unique, electric and inspired Bill Collins, Mr Movies, was a prince of suburbia who inspired three generations and maybe shifted the direction of Australian cinema. First Nations leadership is about letting go, and holding on Indigenous professionals discuss what First Nations leadership looks like, and why it might offer a more viable model for bringing authority to an Indigenous-led centre. Sarah Ward This World War II drama turns a distinctive slice of history into a clichéd and problematic love story. Amandla Stenberg and George MacKay in Where Hands Touch. By finding a unique angle on a well-documented topic, Where Hands Touch achieves something that many Second World War films don't. The feature's point of focus: children born to German mothers in the aftermath of World War I, as fathered by French Army soldiers of African descent. Such offspring were first dubbed 'Rhineland bastards' and then 'Hitler's problem'. The country's mixed-race progeny, they belonged to women who were crucial to the Nazis' vision of the future, but boasted a skin colour that couldn't have been more controversial under the cruel regime. Every tale from the time seethes with heartbreak and horror, and this one toes the line in that regard; however the plight of Germany's multi-racial inhabitants during its darkest days is rarely seen on screen. With Belle and A United Kingdom to her name, the subject seems a perfect fit for British-Ghanaian filmmaker Amma Asante, continuing the writer/director's examination of racial clashes – in the life of biracial woman Dido Elizabeth Belle during the 18th century, and in the marriage of Brit Ruth Williams to Bechuanaland heir Seretse Khama from the 1940s onwards. But Where Hands Touch doesn't tell a specific true tale like its predecessors. Instead, it is merely 'inspired historical events' (as per the film's own on-screen description), and the difference shows. While the feature brings its slice of history to broader attention, introducing moviegoers to the struggles faced by black Germans, that's where its successes largely end. For Leyna (Amandla Stenberg, The Hate U Give), life is difficult in the town of Rüdesheim circa 1944, but it's worse when she moves to Berlin. Tired of fending off SS Officers looking for the 16-year-old, her mother Kerstin (Abbie Cornish, TV's Tom Clancy's Jack Ryan) believes that she won't stand out as much in the capital; however she's soon proven incorrect. Pre-teen son Koen (Tom Sweet, The Nutcracker and the Four Realms) is made to join the Hitler Youth. When she's forced out of school due to her appearance, Leyna is sent to work with Kerstin. Every knock at the door still inspires anxiety, Lenya could still be taken away at any moment and shootings are happening in the streets – but she also has Lutz (George MacKay, Ophelia) the fiercely nationalistic son on a top Nazi (Christopher Eccleston, Dead in a Week: Or Your Money Back) who both wants to serve the Fatherland in battle and, after riding into her on a bicycle, can't hide his feelings. As scripted by Asante, an already fraught situation becomes even thornier still when Leyna and Lutz start sneaking off together. Lutz has heard his father listening to Billie Holiday records and thinks nothing of pushing Leyna in a lake when she shares that she was banned from swimming – two trivial tidbits that the film uses to explain its opposites-attract pairing. Amidst handsomely lensed frames, that's Where Hands Touch's approach. Presenting its characters as the sum of conflicting parts, the feature mistakes superficial details for depth. Viewers journey through a variety of juxtapositions, learning that a wannabe Nazi soldier can flout the rules and fall in love with his supposed enemy, and that a persecuted outsider can not only still pledge allegiance to the society that abhors her, but also share its disdain for other minorities. Both can also occur even in the most vicious place for one of Germany's unwanted: a labour camp adjacent to a concentration camp. Alas, contrasting a plethora of dissimilar traits, behaviours and motivations isn't the same as probing them, which is what leaves the movie feeling so empty. Rather than delve into its oppressed protagonist and her Nazi paramour in any significant way, Where Hands Touch uses their undying affection as proof: that people are multi-faceted, that competing urges can exist within the same person, that love can still linger in the bleakest of circumstances and that clichés can infect every space. The film's endgame is never in doubt – not the specifics of the narrative, but its preference for sweeping through Leyna and Lutz's sentimental star-crossed story instead of examining the characters, their context and many clashes that spring in and around both. Though performed admirably by rising stars Stenberg and MacKay, the result is a romance that uses its distinctive angle as a backdrop as best, and as tear-jerking emotional fodder at worst. Contrived, awkward, heartstring-pulling war tales are hardly new, which ranks among Where Hands Touch's issues in an unexpected fashion: of all the ways that the movie could've explored the treatment of Afro-Germans, it chose the simplest, dullest and most thematically problematic. 2 stars ★★ Where Hands Touch Director: Amma Asante UK, 2018, 122 mins Release date: March 28 Distributor: Rialto Rated: M First published on Tuesday 2 April, 2019 About the author Sarah Ward is a freelance film critic, arts and culture writer, and film festival organiser. She is the Australia-based critic for Screen International, a film reviewer and writer for ArtsHub, the weekend editor and a senior writer for Concrete Playground, a writer for the Goethe-Institut Australien's Kino in Oz, and a contributor to SBS, SBS Movies and Flicks Australia. Her work has been published by the Australian Centre for the Moving Image, Junkee, FilmInk, Birth.Movies.Death, Lumina, Senses of Cinema, Broadsheet, Televised Revolution, Metro Magazine, Screen Education and the World Film Locations book series. She is also the editor of Trespass Magazine, a film and TV critic for ABC radio Brisbane, Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast, and has worked with the Brisbane International Film Festival, Queensland Film Festival, Sydney Underground Film Festival and Melbourne International Film Festival. Follow her on Twitter: @swardplay Print Email


text:
Vanessa Vieyra, Renteria Rodolfo, and Vanessa SaldanaMarch 27, 2019Filed under Arts & Entertainment
If you want a picture to show with your comment, go get a gravatar.
Name (required)
Email Address (required)
Speak your mind
What are Seniors looking foward to the most?
View Results
Arts & Entertainment
Here is your Summer Music Playlist
Who has Murder on Their Mind?
BTS is Rewriting History in Pop Music
Marvel's Pop Culture Impact is Felt among Students
Upcoming Summer Movies
Newport Beach Film Festival: Films to Watch
A Taste of Summer Plans
Visionaries Capturing Moments Through the Lens
Competition Heats Up Between Fortnite and Apex Legends
Would you Join the Academy?
Grizzly Gazette
The student news site of Godinez Fundamental High School
© 2019 • Privacy Policy • FLEX WordPress Theme by SNO • Log in


text:
Buell XB
Sale price: £6995 ≈ $8806 ≈ €7843 ≈ ₿0.98 bitcoin
Item location: Wigan, Lancashire, United Kingdom, UK
Sale type: Fixed price listing
< Previous Buell motorcycle Next Buell motorcycle >
This a 2009 Buell XB 1200 SS Long with only 1188 from new. This was the last and highest spec model with upgraded crank. upgraded oil cooling system and has lots more upgrades. It is fully blacked out too. This bike was bought and used as a show bike so the condition is as you would expect. immaculate.
Carbon single seat cover Tank cover in carbon Tank intake in carbon Headlight cowl in carbon Chin spoiler sides in carbon Chin front in carbon Oil cooler cover in carbon Left hand air intake in carbon Brembo Gold Iden behind the swing arm caliper with Machined Billet alloy bracketBillet mount bracket Rizoma shark fin Rizoma bar mounts with bolt covers Rizoma oil tank cap Free spirit belt tensioner with spring powder coated white LED rear white light Original Buell tail tidy New APE stainless steel silencer with noise reducer and bespoke stainless steel double mounted strap ZTL2 8 piston caliper SX headlight grill Front wheel bobbins Rear wheel bobbins New original grips ODI bar ends Billet black anodised levers Tag T2 fat bars It has been fitted with a main drive shaft greasing nipple (Buell upgrade) Re pipe upgrade air box induction kit. race filter. new iridium spark plugs
It was in Buell 50 miles ago and the whole bike was inspected from top to bottom all mechanical and electrical and is perfect
*Please note the registration number is not for sale with the bike* *The registration number is for sale separately*
I can be contacted on 07961574799 Cheers Paul
< Previous Buell motorcycle Next Buell motorcycle >
2009 BUELL XB12 XT ULYSSES BLACK, no, SWAP
Custom Buell Cyclone M2. Reg B7 UEL
2008 58 PLATE BUELL 1125CR "cafe racer" BLACK. 6900miles FHDSH LONG TAX & MOT
Buell XB9SX LIGHTNING CITY X
2008 Buell ULYSEES BUELL
Buell 1125CR (new un-registered display model)
Buell XB12 XP ULYSSES XB12XP XB 12


text:
This site is scheduled to close in the near future, as we will focus on improving our other sites like TubeGalore.com.
On TubeGalore.com we offer you a better experience and added functionality, so start using TubeGalore.com today!
Signing off, Mark immediately started working on it to finally give the empire a chance against this saree sex in batha room zoey 101 nude
on it as it spread her open. linibokep vidio https://test-history.ru
shemale scat xxxx For Cindy this is one of those times. sexy naked tori yugioh zexal
Mom gasped again and jumped with a bit of shock, as if she had felt electricity flow through her body; she reached back and put her hand on the back of my head and forced my nose directly into the crack of her ass. wet fat pussy big ass girls
streaming video sex sara ashari I was fascinated. indian naika hot sex photo 2017 tamil heroin fucking images
She touched the edge to their throats and drew it around their bodies, millimetres from the skin, the veins and the arteries. indian naika hot sex photo 2017
It wasn't until he stood up that I realized his dick wasn't hard. tamil heroin fucking images via: kmzm.ru
wet fat pussy big ass girls story to ([email protected])
Fucking excellent! and I came.
linibokep vidio Are we Lindsey Lohan? Are we seriously parent-trapping them? she continued. saree sex in batha room
The only thing was which one of them was stronger and I had to knock the weaker guy before I take the stronger guy. makcikmelayusex
Wow, Lettie was grinning at me, Janie too. gidroizolyaciya-pro.ru
naked couple pics on sea beach Kayla the younger girl whined.
perfect big white ass naked I asked him if there was anything his family needed right away.
bandh darwaza xxx fuck and stuck her battered and bitten tits through the xxx nude movies pk
But today is a different day. gay ngentot dipenjara
I give up. https://blackberry-phone.ru/
2017 new sobeta vabe sxxx video dowanlod Nox knew the effect of a mermaids voice; he had been around them enough to understand that it made anyone desire her company. streaming video sex sara ashari
my tante setengah baya com position which doesn't allow her to simultaneously rub her vulva against daddy gimme punishfuck
mucous becomes a thin fluid to permit the passage of sperm. machinewithgirl xxx download 3gpking
I then told her that for me to entertain her I can get into a lot of trouble and so she should stop and pay more attention to her education etc. grup school japan xxx waptrick freelincauknab
For the first time, Dave looked at Emily, not with the eyes of a father looking at his daughter but with the eyes of a man looking at a beautiful young woman. https://toursrv.ru/
bangbros ffm lingerie Meanwhile, his right hand, which had been over his genitals, he used to adjust the blanket over himself, lifting it gently across until it came to rest across his stomach.
sexy teen lady big fuck That time, Mike cocked the shotgun. ambrin xxx indian bhabhi nude sex
Tom just started to smile and looked directly at Odium, So you really want to go that way huh? Tom asked, when Odium's face gained a sick and wicked smile, Tom just smiled back with the same intensity. indian bhabhi nude sex ambrin xxx
This site is scheduled to close in the near future, as we will focus on improving our other sites like TubeGalore.com.
On TubeGalore.com we offer you a better experience and added functionality, so start using TubeGalore.com today!
Amateur Interracial Sex 474729
Old & Young (18-25) Lesbian 2500


text:
Popular contained by mac MP3 & Audio software programMP3 NORMALIZER (Product improvement package) is a complete Ultimo improvement pulpit including hardware, software program, record, and a ritual assist package deal.It is an invaluable software for the design and testing of Ultimo integration initiatives.
http://mp3gain-pro.com has a clear and vibrant consumer interface. Its so easy to make use of! Its fast and its light-weight in comparison with show.
Audacity is a spinster audio editor. you can document sounds, horsing around sounds, business and export WAV, AIFF, and MP3 files, and extra. usefulness it to edit your sounds using reduce, forged and Paste (via limitless unravel), combine...
This differs extensively for each piece of software, however there are a couple of frequent things you are able to do to search out the best answer for the software program you are attempting to install...
Try www.downloads.com is also an excellent assemble to begin, most of them are unattached and supply. when you're using Ubuntu Linux then is a place to take a look at. next to a debian Linux you may as well find great software program in the Synaptic bundle manager ( System -Administration -Synaptic package manageror command family:sudo apt- install _you_need_to_install ). sadly most of the time it is simply realizing the place the perfect software is.
Shorter back-uphill TimeEmail archiving removes din the airlicate files in view of that there's less to back uphill. it's also possible to constructiveness the software program to outline archiving processes, automating the mission.
What are the completely different kinds of software program?
Archiving throughout a number of PlatformsA firm trying to documentation may wish to contemplate a vendor who provides archiving software for change, information and SharePoint. recordsdata and SharePoint grant the same management problems as trade does after they get overloaded. A detached vendor who gives both three options can guarantee a clean archiving experience across multiple platforms.
How barn dance you install java softwares from my nokia 5233?
mp3 gain -version" denotes development standing, not cost. slightly alpha models are available totally free, some or not. no matter price, it is generally not advisable to use alpha model software unless minute allowance else is obtainable, because it usually accommodates bugs that will [hopefully
Popular android MP3 & Audio software program
This is also the only unattached audio editor that i have come throughout that comes with a obscurity reverb (a particular kind of digital reverb you should utilize to semi-accurately model any scope). you must usefulness your own impulse recordsdata although.


text:
Flaherty allows 3 more HRs as trend continues
ST. LOUIS -- Home run after home run continues to plague Jack Flaherty, who gave up multiple long balls in a game for the third time this month on Tuesday night. The right-hander yielded three in 4 2/3 innings in the Cardinals' 7-3 loss to the A's at Busch Stadium.
Cardinals closer Hicks to have TJ surgery
ST. LOUIS -- Cardinals closer Jordan Hicks will have Tommy John surgery on Wednesday morning in St. Louis, president of baseball operations John Mozeliak said Tuesday. An MRI exam on Monday showed that Hicks has a torn UCL in his right elbow, and the closer was placed on the 10-day
Piscotty gets heartfelt ovation in St. Louis return
ST. LOUIS -- Stephen Piscotty got a Cardinals-style welcome as he stepped to the plate for the first time in the second inning of Tuesday night's game. It was Piscotty's first appearance at Busch Stadium since the Cardinals traded him to the A's in December 2017. The 40,556 fans gave
Complete guide to the Starters Election
After a brief ballot break, it's time to select the starting position players for the 2019 All-Star Game presented by Mastercard. You've got one chance to make your voice heard in the Starters Election portion of the Google MLB All-Star Ballot, which will take place over a 28-hour period that
Every team's ideal Home Run Derby participant
It feels sometimes that half the fun of a Home Run Derby is imagining who isn't there. Even at their best, we map our hopes and memories on every T-Mobile Home Run Derby, trying to envision what it would look like if prime Mark McGwire were there, or Babe Ruth
Tuesday's top prospect performers
Here's a look at Tuesday's top Minor League performers from each team's Top 30 Prospects list: AMERICAN LEAGUE EAST Blue Jays: No Blue Jays prospects had noteworthy performances in the Minor Leagues on Tuesday.
Inbox: Will Cards add bat ahead of Deadline?
ST. LOUIS -- Welcome to my first Inbox. For those who don't know, I took over the Cardinals beat when Jenifer Langosch moved to a management role with MLB.com. It's been great getting to know this city, team and fan base so far, and I'm looking forward to the rest
Wong's creative defense earns Play of the Week
The Cardinals' Kolten Wong is the latest recipient of the Play of the Week presented by W.B. Mason for his dazzling double play in Sunday's series finale against the Angels in St. Louis, MLB announced Monday. Wong earned his status in the blink of an eye in the third inning.
Alex Reyes exits Triple-A outing with injury
Cardinals pitcher Alex Reyes appears to have suffered another setback in his bid to rejoin the club's Major League staff. St. Louis' prized right-hander was forced to exit his start for Triple-A Memphis on Sunday in the second inning with right pectoral discomfort. Reyes removed himself from the game after
Don't blink! Or you'll miss this amazing play
Second basemen often take a back seat to shortstops as the top gloves in the infield. But on Sunday night at Busch Stadium, Cardinals second baseman Kolten Wong turned in as pretty and as graceful of a defensive play as you'll ever see. With the Angels leading 1-0 and Justin
Cardinals come alive in 9th, but fall short
ST. LOUIS -- With two outs, nobody on base, and down six runs in the bottom of the ninth inning, Jose Martinez wanted to get something -- anything -- started. With a 430-foot home run to center field, Martinez started a two-out, four-run inning that fell just short in Sunday's
Pujols HR aside, Hudson continues steady rise
ST. LOUIS -- It had been 53 innings since Dakota Hudson had given up a home run, his last being a grand slam to Bryce Harper on May 7. Then Albert Pujols came back to town.
Vintage Pujols HR sends St. Louis into frenzy
ST. LOUIS -- It was a sight Cardinals fans saw countless times from Albert Pujols during his incredible run with St. Louis from 2001-11, but this time, Pujols homered as a visiting player at Busch Stadium, and it still elicited a huge ovation from the crowd. Playing as a visiting
Yadi climbs to 6th all-time in starts as catcher
ST. LOUIS -- Yadier Molina continued to make history on Saturday. In catching the first pitch of the Cardinals' 4-2 win over the Angels from Dakota Hudson, Molina made his 1,833rd career start at catcher, passing A.J. Pierzynski for sixth all-time in Major League history. And the fourth inning ended,
Cards embrace risks of aggressive baserunning
ST. LOUIS -- In the bottom of the seventh inning of Friday night's 5-1 Cardinals win over the Angels, Matt Carpenter and Paul DeJong took off from second and first base, respectively, as Angels reliever Luke Bard delivered a pitch, executing a double steal. It set St. Louis up to
Wacha comes full circle with defeat of Halos
ST. LOUIS -- The pitcher who faced Albert Pujols in his much-anticipated return to St. Louis was the one who came to the Cardinals because of Pujols' departure. Michael Wacha was one of the compensation picks that the Cardinals received when the Angels signed Pujols ahead of the 2012 season.
Pujols receives standing ovation in Busch return
ST. LOUIS -- The room had already filled for Albert Pujols' scheduled press conference Friday afternoon when Cardinals catcher Yadier Molina snuck in and snaked his way to the back. A minute later, he pulled out his phone to FaceTime a friend. "Hurry up," Molina told Pujols. "We're waiting for
Pujols returns to city he never really left
"If they never remember the championships, if they never remember the MVPs, if they never remember the Gold Gloves, or the Silver Sluggers; if they never remember any of it, but someone says, 'He loved people,' he'll take that." -- Todd Perry Albert Pujols expects there to be a moment,
Pujols: St. Louis trip 'timing is perfect'
TORONTO -- For the first time since joining the Angels before the 2012 season, former Cardinals star Albert Pujols is returning to St. Louis for the three-game Interleague series that begins on Friday. Pujols, a three-time winner of the National League Most Valuable Player Award, a nine-time All-Star and a
Appreciation goes both ways for Pujols, Cards
The last time Albert Pujols played a game at Busch Stadium, a stadium he hit the first Cardinals home run at, a stadium he won two MVP Awards playing in, a stadium that in many ways he helped to build, he was running off the field in joy after winning
No 11th-inning magic for Cards this time
ST. LOUIS -- Jack Flaherty crouched near second base and watched the scoreboard with a look of bewilderment. The Marlins were celebrating with high-fives as the Cardinals trickled into the dugout and fans trickled out of Busch Stadium. Sergio Romo had just picked off Flaherty -- pinch-running for Yadier Molina
Ponce de Leon optioned with 3 off-days ahead
ST. LOUIS -- Daniel Ponce de Leon will get another opportunity to pitch for the Cardinals -- it just won't be right now. The right-hander, who threw six scoreless innings in the Cardinals' 2-1 win over the Marlins on Wednesday, was optioned to Triple-A Memphis on Thursday, as Adam Wainwright


text:
4571 Great Oak Drive, North Charleston, SC 29418
Details for 4571 Great Oak Drive, North Charleston, SC 29418
Charming 3 bedroom townhouse just minutes to I-526 I-26 and the airport! Ashley River Commons is a quiet community on the Ashley River with great shared amenities including a dock boat storage & ramp and pool. Approaching the property you'll notice the extra wide driveway which allows easy use by more than one vehicle as well as the detached 1-car garage! Downstairs boasts a large eat-in kitchen with fantastic counter space and tons of storage! New electric range/oven and a new dishwasher! A huge living/dining room combo with a good sized half bath and access to the backyard patio. Upstairs you'll find three large bedrooms including the master suite with walk-in closet. Backyard has a privacy fence on both sides and the wooded area at the very back of the yard backs up to the Ashley River! No neighbors behind you!
- Bathrooms
- 2.5
- Bedrooms
- 3
- Lot Size
- 0.09 Acres
- Mls Id
- 19008770
- Price
- $169,000
- Square Feet
- 1,628
- Link
- More Info
4571 Great Oak Drive, North Charleston, SC 29418
Listing Provided by
- Bryan Heatherly
- Carolina One Real Estate
- 843-224-0021