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A History of Electrical Contractor Gadsden refuted In some situations the contractor might be asked to put in a bid concerning the price of the whole project. Contractors should just use their private staff or that of another appropriately certified contractor to perform the undertaking. Before selecting the assistance of an electrical contractor it's a good idea to discover whether they are licensed and insured. The suitable electrical contractor in Gadsden AL ought to have a good deal of references it's possible to think about.
The contractor ought to be in a position to be alert to the different insulation types in order that they can make sure that you've made the very best alternative for your home. Different electrical contractors Gadsden have various heights of skill. You will be searching for an electrical contractor that's sound financially and has a great reputation. If you don't have chosen to use a contractor that has been advised to you, get at least two competitive rates, ideally three, in order to guarantee you receive the very best financial thing. In some instances, the overall contractor may bring in sub-contractors to carry out specialized tasks like carpentry, electrical, or roofing work. Based on the state, an overall contractor also has to be licensed. An overall contractor oversees a number of construction projects. Sure there are lots of contractors to select from. They will charge different rates for their service. Many electrical contractors have individuals trained in the region of electrical energy savings and several will send electricians in Gadsden to your business to do a lighting audit.
Commercial Electrical Contractors
Our contractors abide by a particular timeline with each electrical service that we provide. Electrical contractors Gadsden know of the risks associated with circuitry and maintenance, as well as building proprietors ought to be educated, also. Trained electrical contractors have a wide understanding of how to train lights to illuminate only desired areas. You will soon concern comprehend just how our community electrical contractors Gadsden can help you in distinctive electrical requireds for your industrial or service property. If you are looking for commercial electrical contractors on Long Island that can get the job accomplished in a prompt and reliable style, then call our Electrical technicians in Gadsden. If you're searching for commercial electrical contractors in Gadsden, AL, there are a number of choices out there.
In the event, the basic contractor does not pay their sub-contractor the bond that the total contractor has will halt the sub-contractor from remaining in a place to position a lien against your premises. You would like your general contractor to be bound so you recognize whether they harm something during their work they'll cover the repairs. The overall contractor is in charge of employing as well as paying, every one of the sub-contractors worked with for the work. For that reason, it is going to ask for commercial electrical contractors Gadsden with a number of years of experience. Thankfully, should you need to utilize commercial electrical contractors, Gadsden has a variety of the absolute best in the company.
Find Electrical Contractors in Gadsden IMMEDIATELY.
How Much Does an Electrician Cost
Unless you're an electrician you may end up with serious problems hoping to wire landscape lighting. Everyone will require an electrician in Gadsden at the same point. If you would like to be a certified electrician then you will need to have an electrical apprenticeship program. If you wish to be amongst the truly amazing electricians that employers like to hire, make sure that you have the qualifications and they are updated accordingly in your resumes.
Folks will trust your services if you're well-trained. It's also important to observe the sort of services that the electrician can perform. On occasion, the service is likewise not included in the yearly contract. Start looking for the mentioned things above in the event that you desire to employ the expert services of an electrician. After you have qualified as an electrician you'll need to contact numerous tools including pliers and wire strippers for daily jobs. Electricians prefer using copper wiring since it is a better metal. Professional electricians can make certain that wiring and fixtures are installed correctly and they are also up to code. Licensed electricians Gadsden say a breaker box replacement will vary from $500 to $3,000 based on the sie of the home and the kind of box. Once you're a certified electrician Gadsden, you'll be in a position to practice the profession legally and extend your services to clients that are in need.
Have Electrical Troubles? We Have the Solution!
Our electrical specialists can address the adhering to troubles:
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24 Hour Emergency Electrician Gadsden
The electrician will certainly think about your specific electrical requirements and supply an electrical solution to satisfy your specified requirements. He can aid you preserve loan as well as time. A certified electrician Gadsden needs to have the capability to handle any kind of type of problem that is connected to the electrical system. He ought to have the capability to take care of any kind of kind of trouble that is connected to the electrical system. There are numerous type of electricians. Despite the fact that some electricians largely obtain the task ended up simply out of commission, it is crucial for every electrician to possess important comprehension of electrical troubleshooting in Gadsden. You must choose a residential electrician in Gadsden which has a record of offering top quality services. When you take care of a knowledgeable residential electrician you will make certain they'll handle and the rest of the safety difficulties.
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Surrounding Areas in Alabama
Electrical Contractors-Jacksonville-AL
Electrical Contractors-Albertville-AL


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Belmond Miraflores Park
What We Love
- The location: The Belmond is high atop dramatic cliffs in Lima's upscale Miraflores district
- The bath butler, available in City View Deluxe Junior Suites, hand-selects soaps, oils, bath salts and scented candles to create a relaxing evening in
- Club Rooms come with Club Lounge access, which includes free continental breakfast and evening hors d'oeuvres and cocktails
What To Know
- The hotel wrapped up extensive renovations in April 2014
- While beautiful and safe, the Miraflores neighborhood is a bit sedate if you're looking for a party scene
- The hotel is about 35 minutes from the airport and 20 minutes from the sights of the city's historical center
- Guests are charged an 18 percent IVA tax by the property upon check-in, but non-Peruvians are exempt. To avoid this fee, be sure to provide documentation at the time of check-in
- Babysitting
- Bar
- Free WiFi
- Gym
- Handicap Accessible
- Kids Club
- Parking On Site
- Pet-friendly
- Pool
- Restaurant
- Spa
The Look
The Belmond Miraflores Park showcases Lima's grander, more sophisticated side. Whereas many of the city's other luxury hotels have garish casinos, the Miraflores Park has the Belmond hallmark of understated elegance, in one of the city's most exclusive neighborhoods. The hotel also sets the bar high when it comes to service. Upon check-in, expect to be greeted with a cool towel, fruit-infused water and the sweet scent of the lavish tropical flowers adorning the marble lobby. Come evening, be sure to watch the sun set over the green paths of the Malecón de la Reserva, and the crashing waves of the Pacific below.
Bed and Bath
The 81 spacious guestrooms — the smallest is nearly 500 square feet — are arranged like suites, with elegant sitting areas that offer floor-to-ceiling views (mostly of the Pacific Ocean or the lush gardens). There's a lived-in elegance to the decor, with carved hardwood furniture softened by sky-blue sofas and buttercup curtains. The enormous bathrooms have large marble soaking tubs, walk-in showers with rainfall showerheads and granite vanities stocked with luxe Molton Brown products.
Aside from the sweeping views, one of the hotel's most welcome perks is the food, from the lavish breakfast spreads served with a panoramic ocean vista at the rooftop Observatory restaurant to the top-shelf pisco sours in the avant garde Belo Bar. The innovative international fare served on the leafy garden terrace of the hotel's stylish Tragaluz restaurant is also not to be missed. The luxurious Zest Spa is open until 10 p.m. most nights, with treatments incorporating indigenous products from Peru and the Amazon.
In the Area
Lima's hottest restaurant, Central, is just down the block. You also can't leave Lima without eating at one of Peruvian superstar chef Gaston Acurio's restaurants; La Mar is his homage to ceviche. The historic district is just across town (about a 20-minute drive from the Belmond); housed in a sprawling 18th-century mansion with lush gardens, the Larco Museum's collection spans nearly 3,000 years of Peruvian history and includes a titillating erotic art exhibit. In the very heart of town you'll find the Plaza de Armas and the cathedral, plus the ghoulish catacombs beneath the Convento de San Francisco, with its Harry Potter-esque library. In Barranco, just a 10-minute ride from the hotel, students, artists and well-heeled professionals come to meet up and kick back with a cocktail at Picas, near the famous 19th-century Bridge of Sighs; then hit Ayahuasca, a sprawling multilevel lounge that offers ultrastrong cocktails and alternative pop rock.
How to Get There
This was a beautiful hotel in the heart of Miraflores, walking distance along a park to an outdoor mall, with a view of the Pacific. Our room was very large, the restaurant had excellent food (really one of the best meals we had on the trip) and the breakfast buffet on the 11th floor was generous and the view was outstanding. They also coordinated a day tour for us, and our guide was very informative, professional and did a great job. I will only be staying here when I visit Lima.
Everything at this hotel is top notch. Rooms, restaurants, staff are all very nice and the people are extremely helpful. It's located in a very nice area with a small part in front and within a short walk from a modern shopping area. I was particularly impressed that they noticed that it was my birthday (from when i provided my passport) and surprised me with a birthday cake.
Very impressive.
Similarly, the restaurants in the space were extremely good. Tragaluz was delicious and the observatory was an excellent choice for breakfast.
My daughter and I stayed at this hotel at the end of our week-long trip to Cusco, and we ended on a high note. This is a luxurious hotel, and just what we needed after a long, exercise-filled week hiking around Macchu Picchu. The interior is beautiful. The staff are very accommodating and pleasant, and they all speak very good English for those who struggle with Spanish. Service was first rate. Food was excellent. We enjoyed a Mother/Daughter package at the spa--massages, facials and pedicures--and it was wonderful. The Peruvian national futbol team just happened to be there at the same time, so that added some excitement. I can't say enough about this hotel and the staff. Bed was also super comfortable. If I ever find myself back in Lima, this is where I will stay.
We recently stayed at the Miraflores and were most impressed by this capital city hotel, and probably one of, if not, the best we have stayed for comfort and exceptional quality service. It is situated near a park and cliff top so views were good. Access to local shops were a 5-10min stroll away and also based in a safer part of the city.
Excellent hotel, excellent property. That should have summed up our experience and would have been suffice to describe it. Perfect location in the midst of the flowery lush green parks of Miraflores. The hotel situated right on the Malecón de la Reserva (a malecón in Latin America is a street running along clifftops), with beautiful parks to take a stroll in or a pedestrian road facing the Pacific Ocean, ideal for jogging or leisurely walks.
Magnificent lobby featuring a cushy sitting area, quite spacious, and a Belo Bar (along with a few customary jewelry stores, including the Brazilian H. Stern). The check-in was smooth, the concierge and reception staff very courteous and efficient. The hotel offers its own cars (mostly late model Mercedes or Lexus) for your transportation, with a flat rate of $14. It is significantly more expensive than the local Uber 'Black Car' but much better, luxury-, convenience-, and reliability-wise. The hotel also offers from/to airport transportation for $50 one way. It was somewhat cheaper than what our usual company (Ground Link) quoted, however, bear in mind that you have to approach (upon exiting the passport control area) a counter where your name would be displayed. That wasn't communicated to us by the hotel, so we spent a few frazzled minutes trying to figure out the situation and had to call the hotel.
The doormen were so courteous that upon returning to the hotel from your morning run, you are being handed a towel and a bottle of water.
Great upkeep and very good amenities. Our room featured everything, from an umbrella (even though it never rains in LIma), a shoehorn, a clothing brush, in addition to the "usual suspects", such as a deposit box, a coffee pod machine, etc. The electricity in Peru is 220V but the hotel room is equipped with both outlets, for 220V and 110V, with the corresponding European or US receptacles.
Our "OCEAN VIEW CLUB JUNIOR SUITE" was more than roomy (42.5 m2 /457 ft2) and offered a breathtaking view to the Pacific Ocean (both the curtains and the sheers are operated electronically).
The bathroom was very spacious too, with a separate bathtub, big shower stall, and a half-separated toilet area. The amount of necessary toiletries, including Q tips, was more than satisfactory. However, the bathroom's temperature was much lower than in the room itself, and even turning the thermostat all the way up didn't help.
The housekeeping was perfect, no waiting whatsoever, neither in AM nor for the turndown service. The coffee pods were not replenished, however, and we had to call for it.
The fitness center (11th floor) was great, significantly bigger than your usual hotel gyms. Every treadmill machine had its own personal bag with a water bottle and an apple, a very nice touch.
Attention AmEx PLatinum Card holders. As you know, your Fine Hotels & Resorts booking entitles you to a $100 property credit. Such credit varies from one hotel to another. At Belmond Miraflores it could only be applied to Zest Spa (11th floor, next door to the fitness center) services, which we used and were left very content with both the pricing and the quality of the job done.
We also booked through Belmond Miraflores Park a sightseeing tour, "Bohemian Barranco" and it was great. Our guide, Christian, was very proficient in the past and present of this picturesque district of Lima. 5 stars indeed.
And now to the dining. The breakfast buffet 'The Observatory' is one of the best things about the hotel. Featuring both the terrace and inside dining options, its choices are numerous, the quality of both the traditional products (prosciutto, ham, smoked cheeses, sausages, and terrific salmon), the local specialities, the breads, the fresh fruits, and pastries is top-notch. There is a dedicated gluten-free station and "hot station" preparing omelettes and other egg dishes (including eggs Benedict) to your liking. Superb breakfast experience.
The swimming pool on the open terrace is a fantastic experience by itself. Please refer to our pictures. A dedicated stay at the Belmond Miraflores Park is fully justified if only for this experience (which, however, is limited during the Peruvian winter/northern hemisphere summer).
As for Tragaluz, please refer to our dedicated review of the establishment. In a gastronomy capital of the Latin America, we would recommend to stay away from this chain-quality restaurant.

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Hot numbers are the lottery numbers that appear the most, and US Powerball's all-time hot numbers are 26, 16, 41, 32, and 28. Cold numbers are the numbers that appear infrequently. Some lotto fans choose them specifically because of this, believing that their reappearance in US Powerball results is only a matter of time, while others stay clear. The US Powerball lottery all-time cold numbers are 60, 65, 67, 68, and 66. We update Powerball's hot and cold numbers listings every year to help you make your number selection.
Established in 1996, Lottery USA is one of the oldest lottery number results sites on the web. For the past fifteen years we have provided up-to-the-minute lottery results to millions and millions of visitors. Our lottery results are also archived, so if you miss a draw or simply want to check if your numbers were ever winning numbers you can. Plus, we cover all major US lotteries, including Mega Millions, Powerball, New York Lottery, CA Lottery and Hot Lotto.
**Disclosure of Material Connection: Some of the links in the promo content above are "affiliate links." This means if you click on the link and purchase the item, our partners will receive an affiliate commission without any effect on the price you pay. Regardless, Our product reviews are based mostly on (1) our expertise and that of the experts with whom we consult and (2) the information provided by the manufacturers. We are disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission's 16 CFR, Part 255: "Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising."
The American Powerball,known as "Lotto America" made it debut way back in 1988, which makes it one of the oldest Lottery games around today. In 1992 they changed the name to the Powerball lottery, with the first official Powerball draw being held on April 19th, 1992. The game has grown and evolved over the years now totalling 44 States and various changes being applied to the ball and prize structure from the game back in 1988. These include a change in the annuity prize payments from 20 yearly payments to 30, and the addition of a cash option for the jackpot as the jackpot is massive averaging around $100 million.
1:09 am – Mega Millions: There were no jackpot winners and no $1,000,000 winners in the Tuesday, October 2, 2018 Mega Millions drawing. For the complete rundown of winners in each of the other prize categories, a list of the California pari-mutuel prize amounts, the drawing video, and all other data about this drawing, see the Mega Millions Drawing Detail page.
The winner, who has not yet claimed the prize, has 365 days from the draw date to turn in the ticket at one of nine California Lottery District Office locations. The lucky person has two options for payment: A payment plan for about $543 million (before federal taxes) paid out over 29 years or a lump cash sum of $320.5 million (before federal taxes).
Wednesday's jackpot might have been the second-biggest, but many expected it to actually surpass that $1.6 billion record if that lucky Massachusetts ticket-holder hadn't hit on the right numbers. That's because of what Kelly Tabor, a spokeswoman for the Colorado Lottery, calls "jackpot chasers," casual players who rush out to buy a ticket when the jackpot gets big enough.
Gambling as a generalization has roots in the United States and other English colonies as far back as the 1600s. Not every colony allowed gambling, however. The Massachusetts Bay Colony, for example, did not allow cards, dice or gaming tables, even in private residences. In most colonies however, gambling was seen as a harmless distraction as long as it was played in a gentlemanly manner.
Buy tickets online for the next draw of the Powerball Lottery in the USA. You can play online from each country this lottery. Buy your ticket now. Powerball is one of the most popular American Lottery game made for Americans. The lottery is available for the entire world since the beginning of internet. The lottery can be won by guessing the five regular numbers and the Powerball right. The starting amount of the jackpot of Powerball is $40 million.
Lottoland is not an official lottery operator and does not buy any lottery tickets on your behalf. Instead, Lottoland allows you to make bets on different lotteries. If you win any bets, then you get paid directly by Lottoland and not the official lottery operator. All jackpots are estimates and subject to currency fluctuations. *Tier 1 winning bets on the US Powerball and US MegaMillions are paid out as 30 year annuity or discounted lump sum at Lottoland's election, and Tiers 1 – 3 are also subject to 38% reduction as per T&C's. Tiers 1 - 3 for winning bets on SuperEnalotto are subject to 12% reduction as per T&C's.
1:09 am – Mega Millions: There were no jackpot winners and no $1,000,000 winners in the Tuesday, October 2, 2018 Mega Millions drawing. For the complete rundown of winners in each of the other prize categories, a list of the California pari-mutuel prize amounts, the drawing video, and all other data about this drawing, see the Mega Millions Drawing Detail page.
Even though some scratch cards costing as much as $50 in Texas and $30 in Massachusetts, state lotteries are exempt from Federal Trade Commission "truth in advertising laws" The Federal Communications Commission prohibits the broadcast of lottery advertisements, but has exemptions for lotteries "conducted by a state acting under the authority of state law. Hence, TV commercials like "The Possibilities are Endless." (Lotteries raise over $70 billion a year, according to the North American Association of State and Provincial Lotteries. Profits from the Powerball are used to fund public projects approved by state legislatures.)
Two machines are used in each Mega Millions drawing. The model used for Mega Millions is the Criterion II, manufactured by Smartplay International of Edgewater Park, New Jersey. The balls are moved around by means of counter-rotating arms which randomly mix the balls. Individually, the five white balls, several seconds apart, drop through a hole in the bottom of the mixing drum.
Powerball offers an optional multiplier known as the Power Play, which multiplies the seven bottom prize divisions by 2, 3, 4, 5 or 10 times, depending on the draw and jackpot size. Matching five main numbers and the Power Play still makes you a multi-millionaire by doubling Powerball's second place prize to a staggering $2,000,000! To add the multiplier, simply check the Power Play box when you buy your Powerball tickets online.
Remember, the advertised Mega Millions jackpot is the annuity jackpot, which means it's the amount that you would receive if you were to opt for the money to be paid out over 29 annual payments (plus a one-off initial payment). For example, for an advertised jackpot of $200 million, the initial payment would be approximately $3 million, with future payments growing to as much as $12.4 million per annum. However, almost all jackpot winners take the cash option that is paid in one lump sum that, on average, is 60% of the advertised jackpot.
Jump up ^ "Mega Millions jackpot reaches record $500 million". Komo News. Sinclair Interactive Media. March 28, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2013. The jackpot was originally announced at $476 million early Wednesday morning but rampant ticket sales boosted the estimated payout to the $500 million mark. Tuesday night's jackpot was $363 million, fed by weeks of drawings without a top winner. It has rolled 18 times since Marcia Adams of College Park won $72 million in the Jan. 24 drawing. A winner could get $19.2 million a year for 26 years or a single payment of $359 million. The previous record jackpot in the Mega Millions game was $390 million in 2007, split by two winners in New Jersey and Georgia.
Some lotteries sell Powerball® tickets over the Internet, but the service is only available to residents of that jurisdiction. The sale of Powerball tickets over the Internet or by mail across jurisdictional borders is restricted. Lotteries may refuse to pay out prize money on Powerball tickets purchased on any website other than their own. Please contact your lottery with any further questions.
Giant Lottos offer Quick Pick, Manual, Syndicate and Bundle purchases on USA Mega Millions tickets. All you need to do is choose your preferred playing method, buy your USA Mega Millions tickets online, and our team will ensure your tickets are bought within the same hour. We at Giant Lottos strive to make you a millionaire as quickly as possible!
If you are married, unless you are legally separated (i.e., there is a written agreement recognized by a court or a court order), you need to include your spouse as well even if he/she does reside with you and/or will not immigrate with you. Of course, if you are legally divorced or widowed, you no longer have a spouse and you don't have to enter the former spouse information.
^ Jump up to: a b Prizes are uniform in all Mega Millions jurisdictions, with the exception of California (where all prizes, including the jackpot, are pari-mutuel; payouts are based on sales and the number of winners of each prize tier.) All other Mega Millions members' second through ninth prizes are set amounts, although in rare cases they can be reduced.
Meanwhile, American economic growth has been a double-edged sword for many Americans.In 1980, the U.S. and Western Europe had similar levels of inequality. And today? Not so much. While the top 1% of earners made up just 10% in both regions in 1980, it increased slightly to 12% in 2016 in Western Europe, but doubled to 20% in the U.S., according to a report released last month by the World Inequality Lab, a research project in over 70 countries based at the Paris School of Economics, and co-authored by the French economist Thomas Piketty.
Lottery jackpots are overwhelming played by low-income Americans, studies show. In fact, the lottery jackpot only becomes "progressive" — meaning that high earners spend more on tickets than more than low earners — when the jackpot is at least $806 million or more, according to this study by Emily Oster, currently a professor of economics at Brown University.
Proof that you satisfy these requirements should NOT be submitted when entering the USA Diversity Visa Lottery, but will be requested by a consular officer after your name has been selected in the draw and you formally apply for your permanent residence (Green Card) visa via the three immigration forms that you will receive, if selected. Individuals who do not meet the two requirements outlined above, should not apply for a permanent resident card in this immigration program, since they will be disqualified. You need to provide proof of education, work experience and native country only if you are selected. For this reason we do not request this documentation in the online application form.
Today, all 44 individual state lotteries offer both Mega Millions and Powerball as a result of a 2009 agreement between the Mega Millions consortium and MUSL to cross-license their joint games to one another's members, although the two organizations continue to administer Mega Millions and Powerball separately. D.C. and the U.S. Virgin Islands also offer both games. Only the Puerto Rico Lottery offers only Powerball and not Mega Millions.
MUSL and its members accept all investment risk and are contractually obligated and liable to the winner to make all scheduled payments to annuity winners. If a jackpot ticket is not claimed, the funds in the prize pool are returned to members in proportion to the amount they contributed to the prize pool. The members have different rules regulating how unclaimed funds are used.[2]
Powerball® tickets print the white ball numbers in numerical order of a given play. You can match the white ball numbers in any order of a given play to win a prize. The red Powerball number of a given play on your ticket must match the red Powerball drawn. Each play on a ticket is separately determined; players cannot crisscross play lines on a ticket or combine numbers from other tickets.


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Elsweyr Chapter
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Changes from the previous version
- Resource Management
- PvP Setup
- Build Video & Gameplay
- Update Log
Welcome to the Stamina Dragonknight Build PvP "Berserker" for Elder Scrolls Online. Make sure to bookmark the link as I will keep updating the build for each new Update of ESO.
The Stamina Dragonknight Build PvP "Berserker" is optimized for Battlegrounds but also works in Cyrodiil. This is a medium armor bleed focused build, it has a lot of offensive stats and can also be very tanky if you combine the right buffs for a brief duration. We have a very DoT focused setup with a lot of AoE burst damage. We are using Deadly Strike and Stinging Slashes to increase our poisons and bleed DoT damage. In addition to that we have Bloodspawn Monster Set to increase our ultimate regen and resistances during combat and Hide of the Werewolf is only active on the backbar to increase our ultimate regen even further which again will increase our overall sustain!
- Optimized for Battlegrounds
- Battlegrounds & Cyrodiil
- Medium Armor
- Bleed Damage
- Crazy Damage output
- Dual Wield & Two Hander
- Good Sustain
Changes from the previous version
There were a few changes to the build with the Elsweyr Chapter. The biggest change is the Reflective Scale change, it does not reflect anymore but now instead grants a 50% damage mitigation and lasts for the full 4 seconds. Steel Tornado got changed and we do now run the other morph to retain the execute damage.
Patchnotes text:
- Fiery Breath: Increased the damage of the initial hit of this ability by 200% to be on par with our PBAoE standards. The base ability will now rank up in damage for the entire ability, rather than just the DoT.
- Searing Strike: Adjusted this ability and its morphs to follow our standardized Damage Over Time ruleset. Decreased the total duration to 8 seconds from 8.5 seconds, and increased the damage per tick by approximately 12.5% to make up for the loss of the first tick. This will result in roughly the same overall DPS, but with less burst damage
- Dragon Leap: Increased the radius of this ability and its morphs to 8 meters from 6.5 meters. It also now applies a more aggressive snare to targets it is cast on, to prevent them from being able to outrun the AoE damage when it lands.
- Reflective Scale:
- Renamed this ability to Protective Scale.
- Converted the reflect function into a 50% damage reduction from projectiles. This happened to all 3 versions of the ability.
- Dragon Fire Scale (morph): This ability no longer increases damage of reflected attacks, since it can no longer reflect. Incoming projectiles will now cause you to launch a fiery orb at the attacker that deals Flame Damage. Effect can occur once every half second.
- Reflective Plate: Renamed this ability to Protective Plate. No other changes were made to the ability's functionality.
- Whirlwind:
- Increased the base damage of this ability and morphs by 50%, but removed the execute bonus.
- Reduced the base cost to 3510 from 3780.
- Increased the radius of this ability and the Whirling Death morph to 6 meters from 5 meters.
- Steel Tornado (morph): Removed the execute bonus, but reduced the base cost to 3240 from 3510.
- Whirling Blades (morph): Removed the reduced cost and Major Endurance on hit, and reintroduced the execute bonus to this morph.
Resource Management
We are running 1 stamina recovery glyph with the Serpent Mundus Stone and Dubious Camoran Throne (or the gold food) to reach 1900 stamina recovery with Major Endurance which we get from our Tri-Stat Potions. Tri Stat potions are VERY essential to the build, you want to use them in tight situations where you drop low on health and or magicka. Magicka is a very important tool for this build also. We have 10,5k Magicka, which is not a lot so we need to be careful on how to use it. However, using Tri-Stat potions and the Battle Roar passive make it possible to regain quite some Magicka from time to time, so we can keep using our Magicka support abilities. Helping Hands also helps us regain resources on a regular basis, this usually procs when we use Fossilize to stun our enemies.
Because we are using Bloodspawn and Hide of the Werewolf we also regain Ultimate faster than usual, which again will make us proc the Battle Roar passive more often to regain resources, that is also why I recommend being a Nord because the Ultimate regen will be even higher.
- Battle Roar passive
- Helping Hands passive
- Combustion passive
- Potions
Battlegrounds Setup
- Unbuffed: Out of combat, no buffs.
- Buffed: Weapon Damage Enchantment, Rally, Volatile Armor, Tri Stat Potion were active when I took the Screenshot.
Note: Keep in mind, I had purple armor and jewelry but gold weapons.
If you want a more max resources based setup, you can also replace the Deadly Strikes set with Shacklebreaker!
Gear Setup
- 511 Setup: We are using a 511 setup, our Helmet is heavy and the Shoulder light armor, the rest is medium armor.
- No Master Weapons? If you do not have any Master Weapons, you could also use the Spectral Cloak which can be obtained from normal Blackrose Prison Arena. Or you can also use Hide of the Werewolf Axes on the frontbar.
|Deadly Strike
|Deadly Strike
|Deadly Strike
|Deadly Strike
|Deadly Strike
|Hide of the Werewolf
|Robust/ Protective
|Stamina Recovery
|Hide of the Werewolf
|Robust/ Protective
|Stamina Cost Reduction
|Hide of the Werewolf
|Robust/ Protective
|Stamina Cost Reduction
|Weapon 1 DW
|Stinging Slashes
|1H Axe or Dagger
|Drain Health Poison IX
|Weapon 1 DW
|Stinging Slashes
|1H Axe or Dagger
|Drain Health Poison IX
|Weapon 2
|Hide of the Werewolf
|2H Axe or Sword
|Weapon Damage Enchant
Where can I get the gear?
Deadly Strikes: Cyrodiil PvP Vendor Bruma Town or Guildstore
Hide of the Werewolf: Glenumbra Overland or Guildstore
Master's Dualwield: vet Dragonstar Arena
Blood Spawn: vet Spindleclutch II, Maj Undaunted Chest
|Dual Wield Mainbar
|Two-Hander bar
|Slot 1: Quick Cloak
|Slot 1: Rally
|Slot 2: Rending Slashes
|Slot 2: Venomous Claw
|Slot 3: Noxious Breath
|Slot 3: Volatile Armor
|Slot 4: Whirling Blades
|Slot 4: Reflective Plate
|Slot 5: Resolving Vigor
|Slot 5: Fossilize
|Ultimate: Take Flight
|Ultimate: Corrosive Armor
Skills explanation:
- Quick Cloak: Needs to be up a 100% of the time, gives you 25% AoE damage mitigation and also gives a short speed buff at the start which can be nice if you have to run far. It also deals decent damage to enemies.
- Rending Slashes: This deals an insane amount of damage, especially when combined with the Master's Dualwield weapons, always apply this to the enemy. You could also use Blood Craze if you want.
- Venomous Claw: Another strong DoT that you want to apply to the enemy, the skill is very cheap but deals a lot of damage.
- Steel Tornado: Your main AoE spammable ability. When an enemy drops low on health this is your execute ability, because of the passives from Dual Wield it deals a lot more damage in execute.
- Resolving Vigor: You have to keep this up during combat, this is your main heal. If you do not keep up your heal you will die.
- Take Flight: This is your main ultimate, it has high burst damage and also restores resources all the time because of the Battle Roar passive from Dragonknights! Take Flight in combination with Steel Tornado is a lot of AoE damage and will kill most enemies.
- Rally: This is your heal over time and if needed, you can reapply it early to gain a burst heal.
- Noxious Breath: Another DoT that you should place on the enemy. Damage of the ability is not that high, but you also apply Major Fracture, decreasing enemies physical resistance by 5280 which will make all your other abilities deal a lot more damage.
- Volatile Armor: Has to be up all the time, gives you a huge resistance buff and also increases your overall incoming healing due to the passives of the skill tree.
- Reflective Plate: if you are snared or you face ranged enemies, make sure to keep this up as much as possible. Just be careful, you only have a limited magicka pool!
- Fossilize: This is your main stun tool, it stuns and roots enemies, the stun goes through dodge roll or block, it is one of the best CC tools in the game. Keep in mind, this also costs magicka so you have to be careful with your magicka pool!
Other useful Skills
- Carve can also be nice to use because it once again increases your ultimate regen and therefore your overall sustain.
This build is optimized for Battlegrounds but also works in Cyrodiil, if you go to Champion Points campaigns make sure to allocate your Champion Points:
Championpoints [810]
The Ritual
49 Mighty, 42 Piercing, 20 Thaumaturge
The Attronarch
37 Shattering Blows, 56 Master-at-Arms, 29 Physical Weapon Expert
The Apprentice
37 Blessed
The Shadow
66 Tumbling, 66 Shadow Ward
The Lover
49 Mooncalf
The Tower
63 Warlord, 1 Siphoner, 25 Sprinter
The Lord
19 Quick Recovery
The Lady
37 Hardy, 37 Elemental Defender, 48 Thick Skinned
The Steed
56 Resistant, 73 Ironclad
Championpoints [600]
The Ritual
49 Mighty, 38 Piercing, 20 Thaumaturge
The Attronarch
23 Shattering Blows, 33 Master-at-Arms
The Apprentice
37 Blessed
The Shadow
62 Tumbling, 25 Shadow Ward
The Lover
49 Mooncalf
The Tower
47 Warlord, 1 Siphoner, 16 Sprinter
The Lord
The Lady
37 Hardy, 32 Elemental Defender, 34 Thick Skinned
The Steed
45 Resistant, 52 Ironclad
Championpoints [300]
The Ritual
20 Thaumaturge, 27 Mighty, 42 Piercing
The Attronarch
The Apprentice
11 Blessed
The Shadow
23 Tumbling, 23 Shadow Ward
The Lover
23 Mooncalf, 23 Tenacity
The Tower
7 Warlord, 1 Siphoner
The Lord
The Lady
23 Hardy, 23 Elemental Defender, 23 Thick Skinned
The Steed
31 Ironclad
Important Info for Stamina Dragonknight Build PvP
You can either run Dubious Camoran Throne or the slightly more expensive version Artaeum Takeaway Brooth. Both work for the setup.
Artaeum Takeaway Broth (Max Health+Max Stamina+Stamina Recovery+Health Recovery)
Dubious Camoran Throne Max Health+Max Stamina+Stamina Recovery)
Mundus Stone
You want to choose the Serpent Mundus to get extra Stamina Recovery.
The Serpent Mundus (Increased Stamina Recovery)
I highly recommed being a Nord because of the extra 3960 physical and spell resistance, ultimate regen 5 ulti every 10 seconds, 1500 max stamina and 1000 max health on top of more cold resistance. Other races also work but are not optimal.
Nord (recommended)
Tri-Stat Potion
(Health, Stamina, Magicka)
(Bugloss, Columbine, Dragonthorn)
Drain Health Poison IX
or (Columbine, Mountain Flower, Dragonthorn)
- Ardent Flame: Combustion, Warmth, Searing Heat, World in Ruin
- Draconic Power: Iron Skin, Burning Heart, Elder Dragon, Scaled Armor
- Earthen Heart: Eternal Mountain, Battle Roar, Mountain's Blessing, Helping Hands
- Two Handed: Forceful, Heavy Weapons, Balanced Blade, Follow Up, Battle Rush
- Dualwield: Slaughter, Dual Wield Expert, Controlled Fury, Ruffian, Twin Blade and Blunt
- Heavy Armor: Resolve, Constitution, Juggernaut
- Medium Armor: Dexterity, Wind Walker, Improved Sneak, Agility, Athletics
- Fighters Guild: Intimidating Presence, Slayer, Banish the Wicked, Skilled Tracker
- Undaunted: Undaunted Command, Undaunted Mettle
- Psijic Order: Clairvoyance, Spell Orb, Concentrated Barrier, Deliberation
- Assault: Continuous Attack, Reach, Combat Frenzy
- Support: Magicka Aid, Combat Medic, Battle Resurrection
- Racial: All passives
- Alchemy: Medicinal Use
Werewolf? If you want you can also use Werewolf form with this setup.
All into Stamina
Build Video & Gameplay
Build Video
Update Log
19.05.2019 Updated the build for the Elsweyr Chapter, Stamina Dragonknight Build PVP.


text:
Tabu search for graph partitioning
Post on 21-Aug-2016
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3 download
Annals of Operations Research 63(1996)209-232 209
Tabu search for graph partitioning
Erik Rolland
The A. Gary Anderson Graduate School of Management, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
Hasan Pirkul
Academic Faculty of Accounting & MIS, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Fred Glover
Graduate School of Business and Administration, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
In this paper, we develop a tabu search procedure for solving the uniform graph partitioning problem. Tabu search, an abstract heuristic search method, has been shown to have promise in solving several NP-hard problems, such as job shop and flow shop scheduling, vehicle routing, quadratic assignment, and maximum satisfiability. We compare tabu search to other heuristic procedures for graph partitioning, and demonstrate that tabu search is superior to other solution approaches for the uniform graph partitioning problem both with respect to solution quality and computational requirements.
Keywords: Heuristic search, graph partitioning, tabu search.
1. Introduction
The uniform, weighted graph partitioning problem (GPP) can be stated as follows: Given a graph G=(V,E) , where tVt =m=2n, we are asked to find a partition of V into two node sets VI and V2 such that V = V1 + V2 and V1 f3 V2 = O, and L Vll = IV21 = n, which minimizes the sum of the cost of edges having end-points in different sets.
There are a number of applications for the graph partitioning problem. In electronic circuit design, for example, the GPP models the task of placing electronic components on circuit boards, where the goal is to cluster the components to minimize the cost of inter-component communication (see, e.g., Feo and Khellaf [5]). An equivalent problem exists in computer memory paging. Here, the goal is to locate highly interrelated programs (or subroutines) in the same physical memory location
J.C. Baltzer AG, Science Publishers
210 E. Rolland et al., Tabu search for graph partitioning
(called a page), to minimize swapping to secondary memory (i.e., a hard disk), Other applications exist for placement and layout problems, as in floor planning, where the goal is to cluster modules (tasks, machines, offices) that are highly interconnected (Dai and Kuh [3]).
The graph partitioning problem has been proven to be NP-hard (Garey et al. [8]). Due to the presumed computational intractability of obtaining and verifying an optimal solution, a number of heuristic solution procedures have been proposed, seeking to obtain good (if not optimal) solutions within a reasonable time limit. Enumerative methods encounter difficulty, resulting in part from the explosion in the number of feasible solutions as the problem dimension increases. (A 100-node problem contains more than 1029 feasible solutions.) The sheer size of the problem space makes the GPP a challenging problem.
The best known heuristic for solving the GPP is the Kernighan-Lin (KL) procedure (Kernighan and Lin [ 17]). This heuristic operates by generating a succession of component steps that result in swapping groups of nodes between the two node sets, thus generalizing the type of approach that employs single pair swaps. The method continues to employ such generalized swaps until reaching a local optimum, where none of the proposed alternatives succeeds in producing an improved solution. A later extension to the KL algorithm (Fiduccia and Mattheyses [6]) improves on the computational requirements by using largely single moves of nodes (instead of swaps) as well as smarter cost updates. The strength of the KL algorithm lies in the ability to locate good feasible solutions in a relatively small amount of time. It has been widely thought that this algorithm indeed guarantees very good solutions. However, the results of our research indicate there is significant room for improvement.
Recently, Johnson et al. [16] have reported on a simulated annealing (SA) procedure, and compared it to KL and local search. They concluded that for sparse problem instances, the SA procedure was inferior to KL when equalized for running time. Like tabu search, simulated annealing constitutes an abstract heuristic search procedure. These types of algorithms utilize general (or abstract) problem knowledge. Here, we outline a new procedure based on tabu search for solving the graph partitioning problem.
Tabu search (TS) is a meta-level heuristic for solving optimization problems. Any procedure which relies on transformations of problem states can be guided by TS, provided we have a measure to evaluate the attractiveness of alternative transformations. By iteratively performing transformations on the problem state, we seek to locate good feasible solutions. A comprehensive survey of tabu search can be found in Glover and Laguna [12].
Several implementations of TS for problems that share some of the features of the GPP have been reported. Glover et al. [14] provided an application to affinity- based clustering problems for architectural design and space planning. The TS approach incorporated constructive, destructive, and transfer moves (between different clusters), and accommodated problems with bounds on cluster sizes and on numbers of clusters.
E. Rolland et al., Tabu search for graph partitioning 211
Implemented in a system adopted by national space planning firms, the method produced solutions to problems whose integer programming formulation contained more than 60,000 integer variables, and resulted in "affinity bubble diagrams" superior to those created by trained architects.
Laguna et al. [20] developed a TS procedure for solving single-machine scheduling problems, which consist of minimizing the sum of setup costs and linear delay penalties when n jobs are to be scheduled for sequential processing on one machine. State space transformations were obtained using two strategies: either swapping pairs of jobs, or performing insertions by placing a selected job between two others. The quality of the TS solutions was found to be much better than those obtained using other heuristic procedures.
Taillard [27] and Chakrapani and Skorin-Kapov [2] have proposed parallel TS procedures for solving the quadratic assignment problem, where the goal is to find an assignment of n objects to n locations which minimizes the cumulative product of weighted flows between every two objects. The solution transformations are performed by pair-wise swapping assignments. For a collection of standard test problems, both TS procedures found solutions that matched or were superior to the best solutions previously reported in the literature. Similar outcomes have been obtained for applying TS methods to classical vehicle routing problems by Gendreau et al. [9] and by Osman [23].
Klincewicz [19] developed a TS procedure for solving the p-hub location problem, which consists of connecting secondary nodes to one of p hub nodes, where the hub nodes are connected to provide the main inter-node communication links. The locations of the hub nodes are to be determined. A problem state transformation consists of replacing a hub node by another (currently non-hub) node. The TS procedure was again found to be highly effective, obtaining new best solutions for several known test problems. More recently, a TS procedure by Skorin-Kapov and Skorin- Kapov [25] has obtained solutions dominating those previously found for a standard test bed of such problems. Other applications of TS are reported in Friden et ai. [7], Hertz et al. [15], de Werra et al. [4], and Glover et al. [13].
The remainder of this paper is structured as follows: an introduction to tabu search is given in section 2, together with a specialized TS procedure for solving GPPs. Computational results are presented in section 3. Section 4 discusses advanced issues related to the tabu search procedure, and section 5 summarizes our findings.
2. Tabu search for graph partitioning
Tabu search incorporates three general components: (i) short-term and long-term memory structures, (ii) tabu restrictions and aspiration criteria, and (iii) intensification and diversification strategies. Intensification strategies seek to integrate features or environments of good solutions as a basis for generating still better solutions. In the short-term, such strategies focus on aggressively searching for a best solution within
212 E. Rolland et al., Tabu search for graph partitioning
a strategically restricted region. Diversification strategies, which typically utilize a long- term memory function, redirect the search to unvisited regions of the solution space.
The principal mechanism for implementing the short-term memory function is a tabu list, or a collection of such lists, which record attributes of solutions (or moves) to forbid moves that lead to solutions that share attributes in common with solutions recently left behind (i.e., rendering such moves tabu). Aspiration criteria enable the tabu status of a move to be overridden, thus allowing the move to be performed, provided the move is rendered "good enough".
In our graph partitioning approach, we have undertaken to incorporate each of these elements in the simplest and most direct way. For the GPP setting, the tabu search procedure can begin either by strategically constructing an initial feasible starting solution or by generating such a solution randomly. We have elected a random starting procedure, which utilizes a uniform probability function ranging from 0 to 1 to determine the set membership for each node. The node is assigned to the set Vl if a randomly generated number drawn from this uniform probability distribution is less than 0.5, and to V 2 otherwise. If, at the end of this procedure the node sets are of unequal size, nodes are transferred from the larger set to the smaller using a greedy balancing procedure, until the sets are of equal size. The greedy balancing transfers a node from the larger to the smaller set, which results in the smallest possible cost increase (this is repeated until I Vii = ] V2I ). The procedure for obtaining a starting solution does not have a direct impact on our tabu search procedure, and can be accomplished using any random procedure.
We have also chosen the simplest type of move for changing the current solutions, which consists of selecting a single node v from either set, and transferring it to the other. The short-term memory function, embodied in a tabu list, is implemented as an array Tabu_Time(v) recording the most recent iteration at which the node v was moved. To prevent moving back to previously investigated solutions, we define a tabu time t as the time that must elapse before a node is permitted to be moved again, measured in number of iterations. If Current_Time denotes the current iteration, then a node v is tabu if TabuT ime(v) >_ Current_Time - t. The choice of t is critical to the performance of our implementation of the TS algorithm. For the GPP, we have empirically found 3~/n to be a good value for t. The rationale is that a tabu time larger than n can lead to problems in finding a non-tabu move, and the algorithm then wastes iterations without performing moves. A too short tabu time setting will lead to cycling (i.e., revisiting of previously tested problem states), and may prevent the algorithm from progressing into new (unvisited) problem states.
To prevent searching only a limited neighborhood of the current solution, we introduce an imbalance factor which allows the cardinality difference ("imbalance") in the two node sets to grow beyond 2 nodes (where the standard imbalance of 2 nodes stems from moving single nodes from one set to the other, starting with a feasible partition). When using the "standard" imbalance of 2 nodes, we effectively force every second iteration to result in a feasible solution. The idea behind using
E. Rolland et al., Tabu search for graph partitioning 213
an increasing imbalance measure is to traverse an infeasible problem space in consecutive iterations, in order to escape local minima. The imbalance factor is thus a measure of imbalance between the two node sets above the standard imbalance of 2 caused by a simple move. The problem with this approach is that the algorithm will now have a tendency to "push" as many nodes as possible into one set. The reason for this is that the solution cost will normally decrease (particularly for dense graphs) as the cardinality difference between the two node sets increases. This problem can be alleviated in several ways: either limit and reset the imbalance at certain intervals, or penalize the solution cost by adding a penalty term based on the cardinality difference. The latter approach is frequently used for heuristic search techniques (see, e.g., Johnson et al. [16] for a graph partitioning approach with simulated annealing). However, the penalty approach introduces yet another parameter into the heuristic. For example, one could penalize the cost of the partition with the term a( [ Vl I - I VzD )2 (as in Johnson et al. [16]). The difficulty now arises from determining an appropriate setting for the scaling factor a. This parameter must not only be adjusted for the general cost structure of the problem instance, but also for the graph density. Dependency on such a parameter would make the heuristic less general in its applicability. Thus, we opted for a parameter-less approach, where the imbalance factor is limited and reset to zero at certain intervals. This issue is further described below. Our tabu search algorithm based on this design is as follows:
Begin Step 1.
Step 2.
Step 3.
Find a random feasible GPP solution, and designate the cost of this solution as BestSolution.
Set Iterations : = 0; MaxIterations : = Max { 100, 5 * 1Vt }; NoImprove : = 0; MaxNoImprove : = 20; ImBalanceFactor : = 0.
While Iterations < MaxIterations then (a) Evaluate the current problem state. (b) Choose a node v to be moved, and set Tabu_Time(v). (c) Compute the cost of the NewSolution. (d) If (New_Solution < Best_Solution) AND (I Vii = ] V21) then
BestSolution : = NewSolut ion else
NoImprove := NoImprove + 1 (e) If NoImprove > MaxNoImprove then
ImBalanceFactor : = ImBalanceFactor + 1 NoImprove : = 0
If ImBalanceFactor > 4 then ImBalanceFactor : = 0. Iterations := Iterations + 1 (f)
214 E. Rolland et al., Tabu search for graph partitioning
At each iteration of step 3, we evaluate the nodes to find the best possible move. The node evaluation in step 3(a) is performed as follows:
(i) For each node v, compute the following:
InCost(v) = cost of connecting node v to all other nodes in its home set
i.e., in the set where node v is located).
OutCost(v) = cost of connecting node v to all nodes in the other set.
(ii) A maximum and minimum cardinality allowed for V l is given by n + lmBalanceFactor. Now, evaluate the c...