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Buildings 2019, 9(4), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9040098
Shear Strength of Geopolymer Concrete Beams Using High Calcium Content Fly Ash in a Marine Environment
Department of Civil Infrastructure Engineering, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Environment, and Geo Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 9 March 2019 / Accepted: 18 April 2019 / Published: 23 April 2019
This paper deals with the behavior of a geopolymer concrete beam (GCB) under shear load using high calcium content fly ash (FA). The effect of the marine environment on the shear strength of GCB was considered by curing the specimen in a sea splashing zone for 28 days. Destructive and non-destructive tests were carried out to determine the properties of geopolymer concrete in different curing environments. Geopolymer concretes cured at room temperature showed higher compressive strength, slightly lower porosity, and higher concrete resistivity than that of those cured in sea water. From the loading test of the GCB under shear load, there was no effect of a sea environment on the crack pattern and crack development of the beam. The shear strength of the GCB generally exceeded the predicted shear strength based on the American Concrete Institute (ACI) Code.
Keywords:Geopolymer; Fly Ash; Marine Environment; Shear Strength; Beam
1. Introduction
This study is part of the research entitled geopolymer precast concrete, carried out at the Material and Building Structure Laboratory, Department of Civil Infrastructure Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Indonesia. The final goal of this research is the utilization of geopolymer concrete for precast concrete in Indonesia. Geopolymer has so far been considered as the "greener material" compared to ordinary concrete due to its utilization of waste material without any cement.
Research on geopolymer concrete is on-going to clarify its mechanical properties and durability. The mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete, including compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and poison ratio have been investigated [1]. The results showed that the modulus of elasticity increased with increasing compressive strength and the poison ratio was in the range of 0.12 to 0.16. The behavior of the indirect tensile strength and the range of collapse under stress conditions was very similar to that of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete. The geopolymer concrete stress-strain curve showed a peak strain in the range 0.0024–0.0026. The mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete have been predicted using Australian Standards [2], which include the modulus of elasticity, poison ratio, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength. The activator concentration and type of fly ash affected the quality of the mechanical properties of the geopolymer concrete and some of the superior mechanical properties, namely the rapid strength and small shrinkage [3]. The bond strength of geopolymer concrete was also higher than that of OPC concrete [4]. Geopolymer concrete used low calcium fly ash showing higher compressive strength when cured under elevated temperatures [5].
The permeability character and the modulus of elasticity of the geopolymer concrete were highly dependent on the geopolymer concrete compressive strength [6]. Geopolymer concrete shrinkage was very small, around 100 micro-strains after one year. This value was smaller than the OPC concrete shrinkage of 500 to 800 micro-strains [7]. The increase in Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) molarity leads to a decrease in chloride penetration and reduced corrosion in steel [8]. Because of that, the durability of geopolymer concrete is better than normal concrete, as it is resistant to sulfate and chloride [9] and a carbonation environment [10]. The mechanism of geopolymerization from 28 days to 356 days has been studied with results of durability increase, diffusion coefficients decrease, and sustainable gel production leading to denser microstructure [11]. Other research showed that geopolymer concrete offered better properties than ordinary concrete such as rapid strength development [12,13].
Rapid strength development is the key determining factor in the success of the precast concrete industry while durable concrete is the main solution for concrete structure design to operate in aggressive environments such as the marine environment. The behavior of the geopolymer concrete beam (GCB) under flexure was examined in a previous study [14]. In this study, fly ash (FA) content used for making GCB was 504 kg/m3 and was combined with the use of NaOH solution of 14 moles (M) to achieve the design compressive strength of 25 to 30 MPa. Despite the use of this rich mix, the compressive strength achieved was only 14 MPa. The absence of heat curing in the making of the GCB was first considered as the main factor that contributed to this low compressive strength. However, after a careful examination and many trial mixes were performed to get the design compressive strength, the absence of heat curing was not found to be the main factor contributing to the low compressive strength of GCB. One possible reason for the failure to achieve the design compressive strength in a previous study was an error in the weighing process of the material used in the concrete mix.
The study of GCB under flexure has been extensively investigated by many researchers [14,15,16,17,18,19,20]. On the other hand, only a few studies dealt with the behavior of the GCB under shear [18,21]. Therefore, this study was performed to increase the understanding of the behavior of the GCB designed to fail under shear. The effect of chloride environment on the shear strength of the GCB was also considered by curing the specimens in a seawater environment. Earlier studies showed that the cracking load of the GCB cured in seawater environment increased up to 2.75 times than that of the GCB cured at room environment [9,14]. In addition, high calcium content fly ash (FA) was utilized as low calcium content FA is becoming difficult to find in Indonesia, bearing in mind that the setting time is still an issue to be tackled when utilizing this type of FA for wider practical applications [14,22].
2. Research Method
2.1. Specimens Details
Two series of experimental investigations (I and II) with a total of six reinforced GCB were made and then loaded to failure to determine their behavior under shear loading:
- Series I—beams cured at room temperature (B1, B2, and B3)
- Series II—beams cured in seawater at the splashing zone (B4, B5, and B6)
All the test beams were 100 mm wide and had an overall depth of 150 mm. The total length of each beam was 1500 mm. Three beams were tested for each series. Two 13 mm diameter of rebar Grade 400 were used as tension reinforcement whereas an 8 mm diameter of rebar Grade 240 with a spacing of 250 mm was used as shear reinforcement for the two series. Figure 1 shows the geometry and reinforcement details of the GCB.
2.2. Materials
Table 1 summarizes the chemical composition of FA used in this study, which is determined by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). It shows that the Calcium oxide (CaO) content of the FA exceeds 10%. Therefore, based on the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C618 [23] this FA can be categorized as type C. The chemical composition of FA used in a previous study is also shown in Table 1 for comparison purposes. Even though both FA came from the same source (i.e., the Paiton Coal Power Plant), the chemical composition of the two FA differed considerably, especially their Al2O3, CaO, and Fe2O3 contents. This is a very common trend for waste material such as FA to have a high variation of its chemical properties.
Table 2 shows the concrete composition used in the present study to achieve the design compressive strength of 25 to 30 MPa, together with the composition used in a previous study for comparison purposes. It shows that the present study used 8M of NaOH whereas the previous study used 14M of NaOH and used less FA content. The sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) used in this study had the proportion of H2O 13.49%, SiO2 56.38%, and Na2O 30.13%. The reduction of molarity and FA content was made to get a longer setting time and produce a less expensive mix. Coarse and fine aggregates used in this study were very similar to the aggregates used in the previous study [14]. A commercially available superplasticizer SP425 produced by Fosroc was used to extend the setting time.
Concrete cylinders of 100 mm × 200 mm were tested prior to the GCB loading test to determine the compressive and splitting tensile strength of geopolymer concrete. For each series and each test, three cylinders were made. These cylinders were cured simultaneously with the beam at the designated environment. In addition to compressive and splitting tensile strength tests, the following tests were also carried out on the concrete cylinders to better understand the material properties of FA-based geopolymer concrete:
- The ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test
- Resistivity test
- Porosity test
The yield strength of the rebar used in GCB was determined by the tensile testing of the rebar. The average yield strength of Grade 400 and Grade 240 rebar were 500 MPa and 300 MPa, respectively. Based on this test data, the capacity of the GCB to support the load can be estimated and then compared with the actual failure load obtained from the loading test.
2.3. Mixing and Curing
Mixing of the geopolymer concrete was started by the dry-mixed FA and fine aggregates for at least five minutes and then followed by the addition of the coarse aggregate in stages into the dry mix. The alkaline solution and superplasticizer were then added sequentially to the dry mix and the entire batch was mixed for another five minutes. Note that the alkaline solution (NaOH and Na2SiO3) was prepared separately and the NaOH solution was prepared 24 hours before mixing.
The appearance of geopolymer concrete straightway after mixing is shown in Figure 2. The mixture was very flowable, and the measured slump was 190 mm. However, the mixture soon became very sticky and started to set within 35 minutes after the mixing stopped. Despite reducing the molarity of the NaOH from 14M to 8M in the mix and using less FA content, the change of setting time was almost insignificant (only five minutes difference). The use of superplasticizer to extend the setting time had no effect. This is not surprising as the commercially available superplasticizer was designed for normal concrete and not for geopolymer concrete. This is an area for further investigation. Figure 3 shows the beam immediately after casting.
Two days after casting, the beams and their controlled cylinders were removed from their molding and then cured in the designated environment. Three beams and six cylinders were kept at room temperature of 35 °C for the first series while the other three beams and six cylinders (the second series) were sent to the Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya and placed in a splashing zone to experience cycles of wetting and drying due to the tide cycles, see Figure 4. Unfortunately, one of the beams (B6) was lost during the curing in the seawater, and therefore for the second series, only two beams were available for the loading test. After 28 days, all the beams were taken back to the laboratory and then loaded until failure. For the second series, the specimens were first allowed to fully dry for 2 days before loaded to failure.
The seawater at Port of Tanjung Perak was tested to determine the concentration of its main aggressive elements that influence the degree of the chloride attack. Two samples of water were tested, and the results are presented in Table 3. The table shows that the highest chloride and sulfate content of the sea water was 19,000 mg/L and 2471 mg/L, respectively. These values were higher than the chloride and sulfate content of seawater found in the Port of Paiton, approximately 150 km away from Port of Tanjung Perak [24] of 15720 mg/L and 1778 mg/L, respectively. These higher contents are possibly caused by the higher water pollution at Port Tanjung Perak than that of Port of Paiton.
2.4. Testing Procedure
All beams were simply supported and tested over a span of 1300 mm using a hydraulic test rig with a capacity of 1000 KN. Two-point loads were applied symmetrically on the span with a distance of 300 mm from the middle of the span as shown in Figure 5. The load was applied and increased monotonically until the beam failed in the shear mode. At each increment load, the deflection was measured, and the crack formed was then examined visually and marked. The deflection of the beam due to the load was monitored by one Linear Variable Displacement Transducer (LVDT) and two dial gauges, see Figure 6. The LVDT was placed in the mid-span while the dial gauge was placed directly below the applied load. The average of the three readings from the transducer and dial gauge was recorded as the displacement of the beam. All loads and the deflection data were manually and electronically recorded. The final mode of failure was also carefully observed.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Compressive and Splitting Tensile Strength of Concrete Cylinders
Table 4 summarizes the compressive and splitting tensile strength of the concrete cylinders from the series I and II tests. The individual compressive strength from the series I test was higher than the individual compressive strength of the series II test. Based on the average compressive strength, the series I was 41% higher than that of series II. This clearly shows that the temperature played a significant role in the strength development of the geopolymer concrete and not the type of environment. The room temperature used was around 34 °C whereas seawater temperature was around 25 °C. Note that the room temperature of 34 °C was obtained naturally in the laboratory without adding cost to the production of the GCB. This is an important finding as heat curing is mostly used for low-calcium FA-based geopolymer concrete to obtain the design compressive strength. In term of strength variation, the series I test had a higher strength variation than series II. As will be shown later, the test result of the ultrasonic pulse velocity test, resistivity test, and porosity test also had a similar trend, where series I had a higher variation of material properties than series II.
Table 4 also indicates that the average splitting tensile strength of the two series were very close one to another. In fact, series II has a slightly higher average splitting tensile strength than series I. Contrary to the other study [14], the average ratio between splitting and compressive strength in this study was between 0.08–0.12, which is very similar to that of normal concrete.
3.2. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) Test
The UPV test can be used to assess the uniformity and relative quality of concrete. This test was performed in accordance with ASTM C597-09 [25]. However, due to the non-destructive nature of this test, the result of this test must be accompanied by a destructive test for validation. Table 5 shows the results of the UPV test performed on series I and II specimens. It shows that based on the average of the UPV test results, specimens from series II had a slightly better quality than that of specimens from series I. This result contradicts with the result of compressive strength results which shows that series I had a higher compressive strength. Based on results from BS 1881 [26], concrete with a UPV test result between 3000–3500 m/s could be classified as medium quality concrete.
3.3. Resistivity Test
Concrete resistivity is considered as one of the most important parameters that can help to examine corrosion of steel in concrete. Research has found that there are direct correlations between concrete resistivity and both the initiation and the propagation period [27]. Material which has higher resistivity also has higher corrosion resistance. In this study, resistivity is measured using commercially available equipment called Resipod, made by Proceq. The Resipod is designed to measure the electrical resistivity of concrete. A current is applied to the two outer probes, and the potential difference is measured between the two inner probes. The current is carried by ions in the pore liquid. Table 6 gives the resistivity of the geopolymer concrete beams for series I and II specimens. It shows that series I specimens, which had higher strength, had a higher resistivity than series II specimens. Thus, in this study concrete resistivity test result corresponded well with the compressive strength test result. However, based on the available research data [27], concrete with a resistivity of less than 5 kΩcm is considered to experience heavy corrosion. Note that these data were mostly obtained for normal concrete and therefore for geopolymer concrete, this criterion needs further justification.
3.4. Porosity Test
Concrete porosity affects both the strength and durability of the concrete structure. Concrete with low porosity has a high concrete strength and high durability. The porosity of concrete can be determined using the saturation method, helium pycnometry, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. In this study, the total porosity was determined using the vacuum saturation apparatus [28]. The result of this test is presented in Table 7. Table 7 indicates that geopolymer concrete cured at room temperature has a slightly lower porosity than that of geopolymer concrete cured in a seawater environment. The Table also shows that concrete with lower porosity had higher strength. However, the concrete strength difference (41%) was greater than the concrete porosity difference (4%). The data in the literature show that for concrete strength of 30 to 40 MPa, the porosity of normal concrete was usually around 15 to 20% [29,30].
3.5. Crack Development and Mode of Failure
Flexural (vertical) cracks first developed in the region of the higher moment (at mid-span between the two-point loads). With increasing load, additional bending cracks formed throughout the shear span. At the same time, the existing cracks lengthened and widened. In the shear span region, as the cracks grew longer, the vertical cracks developed into inclined cracks due to the shear action. After application of approximately 70% of the ultimate load, the crack pattern was fully developed; no new cracks formed, and existing cracks just became longer and widened until eventual failure. At this stage, all the deflection monitoring devices were removed to avoid damage. The failure of the beams was brittle, sudden, and accompanied by a loud noise. The crack leading to the failure was formed at the shear span, see Figure 7 and Figure 8. In mid-span, there was no sign of yielding of the tension rebar and no sign of concrete compression failure at the compressive zone of the beam. Clearly, the beam failed due to shear action. Careful examination of the rebar after the test of series II beams indicated that there was no corrosion of rebar after 28 days of sea exposure. Overall, there was no significant difference between the two series in terms of the crack pattern and development.
3.6. Load Deflection Characteristic
The load versus mid-span deflection curves until 70% of the ultimate load are shown in Figure 9. In general, the two series followed the same trend even though the compression strength of the first series was 40% higher than that of the compressive strength of the second series. Surprisingly, specimens from series II test which had low compressive strength showed slightly higher stiffness than that of the series I test. Figure 10 shows the stiffness degradation curve for all beams. During loading tests, all the beams followed almost similar strength degradation curves. However, the series II beams, and especially B5 had a higher stiffness than the series I beams. Note that the strength degradation curve only captured up to 70% of the failure load to avoid damage to the deflection monitoring devices.
3.7. Cracking and Ultimate Load
Table 8 summarizes the cracking and ultimate load of series I and II tests. The cracking load is defined as the load at first crack formation whereas the ultimate load is defined as the load at failure. The P design is defined as the ultimate load of the GCB determined using the American Concrete Institute (ACI) formula for shear strength capacity of normal concrete [31]. The shear strength (Vn) in N based on ACI is given aswhere:
- -
- Vc = concrete shear strength (N)
- -
- Vs = steel shear reinforcement shear strength (N)
- -
- f'c = concrete strength (MPa)
- -
- bw = width of beam (mm)
- -
- d = effective depth of beam (mm)
- -
- Av = area of shear reinforcement (mm2)
- -
- fy = yield strength of steel reinforcement (MPa)
- -
- s = spacing of shear reinforcement (mm)
For the series I test, the cracking load was around 24%–47% of their ultimate load whereas for the series II test the cracking load was around 60%–65% of their ultimate load. However, due to the limited number of beams tested, it cannot be concluded that the sea environment increases the shear cracking load of geopolymer concrete. Further tests are needed to confirm this, despite some evidence to support this [9]. The shear strength of the GCB generally exceeded the predicted shear strength based on the ACI Code, except for specimen B4. The ultimate load of specimen B4 was only 82% of the ultimate load based on the ACI Code.
4. Conclusions and Future Work
This paper considers the shear strength of geopolymer concrete beams using high calcium content fly ash cured in a room and marine environment for 28 days, without high heat curing. From concrete cylinder tests, specimens cured at room temperature of 34 °C had 40% higher average compressive strength than that of specimens cured in seawater environment 25 °C. Specimens cured at room temperature also had slightly lower porosity and high concrete resistivity. The loading test of the GCB until failure showed that the crack pattern and crack development for the two series had no significant differences. However, specimens cured in seawater showed a higher proportion of the cracking load to ultimate load than the specimens cured at room temperature. Further tests are required to understand the effect of the marine environment on the cracking properties of geopolymer concrete to get a convincing conclusion. The shear strength of the GCB generally exceeded the predicted shear strength based on the ACI Code. Future work will focus on formulating mixtures for geopolymer concretes to achieve design compressive strengths between 30–40 MPa without heat curing, extending the setting time of type C FA-based geopolymer concretes, and performing much longer-term durability tests in aggressive environments.
Author Contributions
M.S.D. designed the experiment, performed the tests, analyzed test data, and wrote the paper. R.B. performed the tests, analyzed test data, and wrote the paper. H.S. performed the tests and reviewed the draft paper. N.A.H. performed the tests and analyzed test data. R.B.A.A. performed the tests and analyzed test data.
This research was funded by Kemenristekdikti Indonesia (Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia).
The authors thank the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia for funding this research.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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|Weight (%)
|This Study
|Previous Study
|Quantity (kg)
|This Study
|Previous Study
|Fly ash
|Coarse aggregate
|Fine aggregate
|Added water
|Na2SiO3: NaOH
|Sample 1
|Sample 2
|Chloride (mg/L)
|Sulfate (mg/L)
|Compressive Strength (MPa)
|Splitting Tensile Strength (MPa)
|Ratio to Compressive Strength
|V (m/s)
|Average V (m/s)
|Average Compressive Strength (MPa)
|Average Resistivity
|Average Compressive Strength (MPa)
|Porosity (%)
|Average Porosity (%)
|Average Compressive Strength (MPa)
|Series I
|Series II
|Cracking Load
Pcr (N)
|Ultimate Load
Pu (N)
|Pu/P design
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).


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|Cocking Effort
|35-40 lbs
|Front Sight
|Rear Sight
|11mm dovetail
|Two-stage non-adjustable
|Ventilated rubber
|Suggested for
|Small game hunting/plinking
|Break barrel
|Body Type
|Fixed/adj. power
|8.75 lbs
Create an online review and share your thoughts with other customers
3.0 3.0
3.0 3.0
3.0 3.0
Things I liked: Nice weigh,balanced
Things I would have changed: Scope is total junk, price is high in Canada double what the USA guys are paying
What others should know: Dont buy it with scope. Youll be buying new one
4.0 4.0
5.0 5.0
4.0 4.0
Things I liked: Weight is good for shooting, not for carrying though. If you're going to wait for squirrels, pigeons etc this is a good gun. You'd be wore out carrying it around in the woods. Appearance is very good, nice lines and very pleasing. I have seen many that look like something out of a sci-fi movie. Ergonomics are nice too, this gun kicks a bit so it's nice to have a good recoil pad that takes some of the abuse. Love the 2 barrels, although I will probably stick with the 22 as I have several 177's. Changing the barrels is easy, but it will require some adjustment to your scope at longer distances. Power is ridiculous, spins targets around like a top at 15 yards. Not sure about long distance yet, haven't really tried it at 30+ yards, but suspect it will be pretty decent
Things I would have changed: The "O" ring that at the breech is super cheap and super easy to lose. It sits fairly loosely so be careful each time you load as it may fall out. The gun comes with a spare, but recommend going to a hardware / hydraulic shop and pick up a few extras and keep them in the case.
What others should know: This gun is LOUD, I live in the country, so it's not a problem. I doubt this would be a good choice for a suburbanite plinker in the back yard, it would be disruptive to your Neighbors for sure. Scope isn't great, but is adequate for sure. It is easy to adjust and took some serious elevation adjustment to get on paper.
5.0 5.0
5.0 5.0
5.0 5.0
Things I liked: I love how i can switch back and 4th between 177 and 22. I use the right barrel for the right job, And is very accurate! I shot 6 rounds out of the 22 cal and all of em except two were only a meter away from my 1st shot, the other two hit directly in the same exact spot! I also punished some squirrels that keep stealing from my feeders for the birds, Very Accurate! And well worth the money! Dont hesitate to buy!
Things I would have changed: Its needs a better scope, it jumps around and you can never sight it in, so i took it off and threw it out i then put my deer hunting scope on and tried that and things got spot on dead accurate,
What others should know: Do not use the scope throw itmout and buy a better one or borrow one from one of your other rifles but the one that comes with thisngun is terrible, but the gun is and amazing tool!
Create an online review and share your thoughts with other customers. Show Other Reviews
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I purchased the Canadian Version: The box says 495 FPS. Is It the same gun??? If so does it fire .177 at 495 FPS or 1000 FPS ??? If 495 How Do I change to 1000 FPS
Can you change this gun from a spring piston to a gas piston
my rifle didn't have the spare parts and allen keys, how do I get a replacement?
|0.177" (4.5mm)
|Max Velocity
|1000 fps


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Meta: Content creation starts way before you sit in front of your laptop to write. Well-optimized content meets the requirements of real human beings, not just search engines. Learn more.
Below I suggest some fun ideas for producing and selling simple abstract paintings, and how to think outside the box in your artistic endeavours.
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Every staff person is a greeter. Different greeting styles and how to use them. Role play and practice. Meet Willie. Your greeting is part of your brand. Exits are as important as entrances.


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Events in NYC
Bobby Harden at The Loft - 5/31
City Winery
155 Varick St Map
$15 and up
31-05-2019 12:00:00
31-05-2019 12:00:00
Bobby Harden at The Loft - 5/31 | 6:30PM DOORS / 7:30PM START
Bobby Harden, New York City's acclaimed soul/ rhythm and blues singing
sensation, is thrilling audiences as a lead singer of the world-famous
Original Blues Brothers Band. Led by music icons Steve Cropper and Lou
Marini,the band keeps alive the tradition started by Belushi and
Akroyd. The band released a critically acclaimed new album, The Last
Shade of Blue Before Black in 2017, garnering Bobby rave reviews for
his performances of You Left The Water Running and Itch & Scratch !
Bobby's premier musical passion and talent though, lies within his own
wonderful music…as shared with the world on his first record SOUL
PURPOSE, and the musical plateau that has been reached with the 2016
release of his RIVER OF SOUL album. With invaluable assistance by
musical director of the SATURDAY NIGHT LIVE BAND, Leon
Pendarvis……RIVER has gotten international radio play.
Bobby's phenomenal eight -piece SOUL PURPOSE band are an amazingly
tight, funky band of brothers and sisters who help whip audiences into
the frenzy known as a BOBBY HARDEN show. The band features heavy
hitters like Cliff Lyons {also sax man for the famous Average White
Band} , and Reggie Pittman { also trumpet master for Jaimoe's Jasssz
Band }
Bobby has headlined shows in NYC at City Winery, BB Kings, The Cutting Room, Minton's Harlem, The Bitter End and many others in NY state,Conn. ,Pa. and NJ. http://www.cityguideny.com/eventinfo.cfm?id=359216
City Winery
City Winery
This event has already taken place. Click here for the latest events.
Venue Description: Fine wine and dining meets live music and more at this venue founded by Michael Dorf (The Knitting Factory). In addition to music performed in a warm atmosphere, they also offer a wide range of food and wine classes.
This event has already taken place. Click here for the latest events.
Upcoming Events at City Winery
Luluc at The Loft - 06/19/19
The Sweet Remains at The Loft - 06/22/19
Marbin at The Loft - 06/24/19
The 9 Songwriter Series at The Loft - 06/25/19
Bandits on the Run w/ La Huerta at The Loft - 06/27/19
The Queen Meets The Kings! Christine Ohlman and Rebel Montez w/ Liberty Devitto and The Slim Kings at The Loft - 06/28/19
CEG Presents: Strictly Sinatra at The Loft - 07/01/19
James Torme & Renee Olstead at The Loft - 07/02/19
Popa Chubby w/ Eliza Neals at The Loft - 07/05/19
Joe Grushecky & The Houserockers at The Loft - 07/06/19
The Weeklings at The Loft - 07/07/19
Slam Allen at The Loft - 07/10/19
YARN at The Loft - 07/11/19
Roger Clyne & The Peacemakers at The Loft - 07/12/19
Marissa Nadler at The Loft - 07/13/19
Adam Ezra Group at The Loft - 07/14/19
Juwan Crawley at The Loft - 07/15/19
Drown Your Boots at The Loft - 07/16/19
Karine Hannah Sings Streisand at The Loft - 07/23/19
MPG: Melissa Polinar, Jeremy Passion and Gabe Bondoc at The Loft - 07/25/19 - 07/26/19
The the Band Band at the Loft - 07/28/19
Clare Bowen w/ Imogen Clark at The Loft - 07/29/19
Ramblin' Jack Elliot at The Loft - 07/30/19


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|Episode cast overview:
|Charles Dance
|Narrator (voice)
Neo must prepare for life as a solitary assassin, but his future hangs in the balance when his mother is forced to fight for their territory.
Enjoy a night in with these popular movies available to stream now with Prime Video.


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Doors, Awesome French Doors Sizes Interior French Doors Lowes With Curtain And Lamp: 2017 ideal french doors sizes
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Disclaimer: Remnants/Clearance items have slight blemishes, stubborn folds, are lightly soiled, have backward grommets or come in an opened box but should generally be OK for projection. Remnants/Clearance items are NOT guaranteed to be flawless. Remnants/Clearance items are sold as is and are not customizable. Unless specified, Remnants/Clearance items ship folded in a box and cannot be rolled. Remnants/Clearance items are not returnable for refund. All sales are final. Prices are good while supplies last. Also note, we strongly encourage international customers to consider brand new items due to international shipping costs on Remnants and Clearance items.
FlexiGray Screen Material is a premium matte, high contrast gray surface which offers a brighter image and greater contrast with deeper blacks in low-moderate ambient light. It works best with a bright projector (2,000+ lumens). FlexiGray is perfect for outdoor use; it is made of 100% PVC material and has a mildew resistant coating. It offers great indoor viewing results as well. As its name suggests FlexiGray is a very flexible and foldable material which makes it highly portable. FlexiGray front projection screen material works best for a fixed frame where it will be stretched evenly to a frame in all four directions. It also works with our tension-mounted Finished Edge Screens, Hanging Kits & Standing Kits. Why buy FlexiGray? You need an indoor/outdoor screen which is highly portable and you have low to moderate ambient light in your viewing environment.
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Avancerad sökning
Visar resultat 1 - 5 av 6582 uppsatser som matchar ovanstående sökkriterier.
1. Circular economy and accounting information: A study of the reporting of circular economy in SwedenKandidat-uppsats, Göteborgs universitet/Företagsekonomiska institutionen
Sammanfattning : Background and problem: Facing today's climate crisis, companies play a key role incontributing to a sustainable change. Alternative business models have gained importance, suchas circular economy, which refers to the concept of cyclical closed-loop systems. LÄS MER
2. LEARNING BY DOING. En kvalitativ studie om reflektion, intuition och praktisk kunskap hos kuratorer inom palliativ vårdKandidat-uppsats, Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för socialt arbete
Sammanfattning : The purpose of this study has been to investigate the significance of practical knowledge in the patient-related work for Hospital Counsellors. We have also tried to establish what the practical learning process looks like. LÄS MER
3. Chinese immigrants studying and working in Sweden -A Push-Pull analysis of their motivation and experiencesMaster-uppsats, Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för socialt arbete
Sammanfattning : This is a qualitative research study, which aims to explore why Chinese studentschoose to study and work in Sweden and find out what "Pushes" them from Chinaand what "Pulls" them to study and work in Sweden. The "Push – Pull" model wasused to analyze the data. LÄS MER
4. Kontinuitet eller förändring och avbrott?Master-uppsats,
Sammanfattning : For almost a century, archaeological research has been trying to understand the archaeological and environmental sources and analyses pointing towards an overall decline in e.g. settlements and agriculture in the Migration- and Vendel period in different areas of Scandinavia. LÄS MER
5. Transfer och andra språkkontaktfenomen i amerikasvenskars svenskaMagister-uppsats, Göteborgs universitet/Institutionen för svenska språket
Sammanfattning : The aim of this Master Thesis is to contribute to increased knowledge of certain language contact phenomena in American Swedish and how these phenomena are affected by certain social factors. The present study examines the Heritage Language of six participants, focussing on transference and established structures in American Swedish. LÄS MER


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적어 가면서 다음에는 어느쪽이 이길 확률이 더높은가를 따져 이길 확률이 높은 쪽
The reels had quantities . The equipment was activated each time a participant additional a coin into a slot machine and pulled a grip, or arm, to get started on the wheels spinning. Following a certain combination turned up, the ball participant was granted a decoration.
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강원랜드에 도박을 하며 사는 사람들의 대부분이 이 바카라란 도박을 하는 것이며 이것을 생활 바카라, 줄여서 생바라고 부른다.
미국,캐나다,영국,호주,마카오,한국에서 매우 인기있는 도박게임에 속한다.
기본적인 이론은 낮은 카드는 플레이어에게 유리하고, 높은 카드는 뱅커에게 유리하다.
바카라는 이탈리아 ( 고대 로마 )의 여자들의 운명에 대한 전설같은 이야기를 기초로 하여
But, A different real truth was quickly also achieved right here: the business will come to be exceptionally substantial if"just a little customer" will get associated with it. And as being a roulette was very likely to be the entertainment for the wealthy, then its equal on the inadequate is being developed. And in 1895 half a century pursuing the match, a new wonderful invention appeared in the world gaming market: American Charles Fey released his generation with an extremely pompous name"Liberty Bell".
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한국 정부가 온라인 카지노 사업을 막기 위하여 하는 일은 주로 도박 사이트 몇 개를 로 연결되게 하는 것뿐인 듯합니다. 이 링크는 한국 정부가 불법적인 포르노 사이트에 접속하고자 하였을 때 연결되는 것과 동일하며, 그렇다고 해서 사람들이 그 사이트에 들어갔다는 사실로 인하여 곤란한 일을 겪지는 않습니다.
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적어 가면서 다음에는 어느쪽이 이길 확률이 더높은가를 따져 이길 확률이 높은 쪽


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Te Wiki o te Reo
Ae, ko te Rāmere, te rā mutunga o Te wiki o te reo Māori, he āhua tureiti mātou, heoi ano, kei konei ētahi kupu, ētahi kīwaha rānei kia ako!
I know it is Friday and we are a little late to the party but its Te Wiki o te reo Māori and better late then never! Here are a few words or phrases for you to learn.
If you didn't notice the four models we used for this seasons Storm Collection Campaign were all wahine Māori. So I though I would ask them where they are from and their favourite phrase!
This is Ngaumu, she hails from Ngati Kahunguna and Ngai Tahu and she said that she uses "kia tere" the most. Especially here in Tamakimakaurau with all this slow traffic! Nō reira whanau anei tetahi rerenga kupu kia ako mo tenei rā.
"Kia Tere!" "Hurry up!"
Wellington Pop Up Shop
We will be bring our new Winter Storm Collection to Wellington next weekend. Yes next weekend! Friday May 22 to Sunday May 24. We are very excited to be at a NEW LOCATION:
Century City Apartments
The Penthouse
70 Tory Street
Opening times are Friday 10-4, Saturday 10-4 and Sunday 10-2.
See you down there Wellingtonians!
Here is a sampler of the visual material in the build up to our Storm Collection. If you haven't already noticed we have been putting together a new look for this season's collection to express our personality a little more. Between you and me one of the reasons we have titled it 'Storm' is because that's what we are brewing up in the studio. It takes a huge amount of energy, passion and drive to create a new collection (every season) and we tend to be unpredictable and sometimes moody during this period! So I thought STORM would be an apt name. ;)
The designers and I have lived most of our lives in Auckland City and are Grey Lynn locals through and through. Our cutters, sewers, stylist/retail assistants and pressers are all local too. Moa isn't some big corporation trying to sell you over-priced fast fashion. We are a small family business and we've been around for about 28 years. Instagram is a pretty awesome platform for sharing images and through it we hope to share with you a little more about who we are and what we are about.
This weekend we are open Easter Saturday and Monday! Spend $100 or over and go into the draw to win $100 in store credit.
Our Easter Hours are:
Friday April 3: Closed
Satuday April 4: 10am - 4pm
Sunday April 5: Closed
Monday April 6: 11am - 4pm
Part II. Jewellery Edition.
For those special Christmas gifts that require a little more thought and a little less universal appeal; Jewellery is the answer. These pieces of hand crafted silver when worn are a reminder of the love and appreciating from one to another. We have some very talented local jewelers who sell in our Grey Lynn store and our collection is constantly changing. Right now we have some stunning pieces which have inspired this post because of their unique individual appeal. Whether it is delicate silver oars for a water girl, silver rearing ponies for a horse lover or a daisy chain for a romantic I think you might find the perfect gift for that special someone.
Daisy Ring by Kim Jobson
$250 stg silver & 9ct gold
$340 stg silver & 18ct gold
Snowflakes by Kim Jobson $80
Sharks Teeth by Kim Jobson $130
Hematite Swirls by Kim Jobson $98
Oars by Hot Honey $108
Horse Earings by Kim Jobson $144
Christmas Gift Guide. Part 1.
It is getting terrifyingly close to Christmas so we thought we would put together a few suggestions to help you out this year. Everything you see here is in our Grey Lynn Store. :)
1. Belts (pictured above.) Skinny pony fur ones in different colours?! Yes. Skinny belts are perfect in the Summer to synch dresses, giving you a better shape. Bright colours can make your outfit that little bit more exciting and it is always surprising what patterns and colours you can pair together. Black skinny belts are an ESSENTIAL in all wardrobes, so that is a no brainer if you know they don't have one in their wardrobe yet!
2. Sheer, oversized T-shirt dresses are easy to slip on over a bikini at the beach and then double in the evening as a nice party frock. This one is perrrfect, with black net detailing on the shoulder, a bold black and white print and flattering silhouette. Its simplicity would suit so many different body shapes and styles!
3. Here in NZ we have a huge hole in our ozone, which means a hat is crucial for sun protection. These new Juna hats, made in Aotearoa, come in a range of different printed fabrics and have a leather clasp at the back. Everyone needs a hat and lots of them.
4. Aroha Healing Candles are lovingly hand poured by Rosanna and her partner, Benton Day at their Grey Lynn premises. The duo choose to use re-usable, recyclable glass containers. "Our candles are made with a natural soy wax base, pure cotton & paper braided wicks, pure essential oils and luxury fragrance oil blends. Aroha Healing works to empower people expanding their possibilities for love, rejuvenating health, achieving true satisfaction & love from relationships, alleviating anxieties & depression and elevating heights of bliss..."
5. Kete: a hand woven Summer essential. They are immensely practical and good to take on overseas trips to rep your home country!
6. Eye wear with a conscious. Proof use recycled materials and a portion of every sale goes towards "doing something good"... "we started by donating funds to build two eye clinics in India where over ¼ of the world's blind population resides." Their sunnies are super comfortable to wear, we have a range of styles and colours in store and they have a surprisingly low price point. You can read more about their company here.
7. Sashes are another wardrobe essential, they are fun, versatile and come in every colour.
Te Pua Wananga
Artisit Serena is the newest addition to our Moa team and blesses us with her creativity, vision and passion for bringing to life real women's stories. Endless thanks to this wahine toa for moving mountains (and Moa's.)
"Being a woman for me came to the complete as I share my life with Jakob, a fun, kind, smiley wee baby who arrived 17 months ago. I cannot find words to describe the love. He comes with me often when I make photographs, sharing my art with him is a blessing, as it is to share with all who I am fortunate enough to photograph.
Thank you to all the women who took part in this work.
The Pua Wananga, a mysterious bloom, waits patiently for the right time. Tree tops of magic, out of reach. I await your presence every spring just to get a glimpse, and then my heart beats faster every time I see you. This is why you are the one I choose."
A Fleeting Blossom
Liv Bjorklund is like a blossom herself, moving with the seasons, evolving and bursting with beauty. We were honoured to have her in our Spring Summer Campaign this year shot by Serena Stevenson. Here are is her story:
"I'm a free spirit who's lived half my life in other countries and loves knowing that where ever I am in the world, I can feel at home.
Nature vs City. Nature blends with City. I am an Urban Peasant finding pleasure in the simple things. Creating abundance from the gifts that surround. Air. Breathe it. Earth. Let it feed and nourish us all.
Expression through the body is a beautiful thing. My life as a dancer was a wonderful (if a little impoverished) existence. The happiness and release I got from dancing was immense. Practicing and teaching yoga channeled that raw release, and gave rise to a fluid power and energy in me. A quiet strength and integrity. Coming home to myself...again.
Spring blossom is my flower right now. I love you Blossom. You come forth, tentatively at first, forcing your way out of those bare and naked winter branches with such fortitude. Courageous and pioneering. But when your buds bloom, you are so delicate and fragile. A fleeting beauty, elegantly assuring us that the season is changing, and that spring has sprung. And then with a gust of wind, you are gone, scattering your fine petals like a carpet for the fairies."
Does your favourite flower change with the season too? xx
The Majestic Manuka
Recently I catered a local event and the client said she couldn't be home at delivery time. Her words. "The key is in the gumboot and the money is on the bench, let yourself in, and thank you."
That's the community I live in. I am blessed."


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|Dakota Jack <dakota.j...@gmail.com>
|Re: [ANNOUNCEMENT] Apache Struts offers "Shale" for JSF
|Sat, 17 Dec 2005 18:17:33 GMT
Some instruction for you, Sean: I hope this helps. If not, it cannot hurt. Description of Poisoning the Well This sort of "reasoning" involves trying to discredit what a person might later claim by presenting unfavorable information (be it true or false) about the person. This "argument" has the following form: 1. Unfavorable information (be it true or false) about person A is presented. 2. Therefore any claims person A makes will be false. This sort of "reasoning" is obviously fallacious. The person making such an attack is hoping that the unfavorable information will bias listeners against the person in question and hence that they will reject any claims he might make. However, merely presenting unfavorable information about a person (even if it is true) hardly counts as evidence against the claims he/she might make. This is especially clear when Poisoning the Well is looked at as a form of ad Homimem in which the attack is made prior to the person even making the claim or claims. The following example clearly shows that this sort of "reasoning" is quite poor. Before Class: Bill: "Boy, that professor is a real jerk. I think he is some sort of eurocentric fascist." Jill: "Yeah." During Class: Prof. Jones: "...and so we see that there was never any 'Golden Age of Matriarchy' in 1895 in America." After Class: Bill: "See what I mean?" Jill: "Yeah. There must have been a Golden Age of Matriarchy, since that jerk said there wasn't." Examples of Poisoning the Well 1. "Don't listen to him, he's a scoundrel." 2. "Before turning the floor over to my opponent, I ask you to remember that those who oppose my plans do not have the best wishes of the university at heart." 3. You are told, prior to meeting him, that your friend's boyfriend is a decadent wastrel. When you meet him, everything you hear him say is tainted. Description of Straw Man The Straw Man fallacy is committed when a person simply ignores a person's actual position and substitutes a distorted, exaggerated or misrepresented version of that position. This sort of "reasoning" has the following pattern: 1. Person A has position X. 2. Person B presents position Y (which is a distorted version of X). 3. Person B attacks position Y. 4. Therefore X is false/incorrect/flawed. This sort of "reasoning" is fallacious because attacking a distorted version of a position simply does not constitute an attack on the position itself. One might as well expect an attack on a poor drawing of a person to hurt the person. Examples of Straw Man 1. Prof. Jones: "The university just cut our yearly budget by $10,000." Prof. Smith: "What are we going to do?" Prof. Brown: "I think we should eliminate one of the teaching assistant positions. That would take care of it." Prof. Jones: "We could reduce our scheduled raises instead." Prof. Brown: " I can't understand why you want to bleed us dry like that, Jones." 2. "Senator Jones says that we should not fund the attack submarine program. I disagree entirely. I can't understand why he wants to leave us defenseless like that." 3. Bill and Jill are arguing about cleaning out their closets: Jill: "We should clean out the closets. They are getting a bit messy." Bill: "Why, we just went through those closets last year. Do we have to clean them out everyday?" Jill: "I never said anything about cleaning them out every day. You just want too keep all your junk forever, which is just ridiculous." Also Known as: Ad Hominem Abusive. Description of Personal Attack A personal attack is committed when a person substitutes abusive remarks for evidence when attacking another person's claim or claims. This line of "reasoning" is fallacious because the attack is directed at the person making the claim and not the claim itself. The truth value of a claim is independent of the person making the claim. After all, no matter how repugnant an individual might be, he or she can still make true claims. Not all ad Hominems are fallacious. In some cases, an individual's characteristics can have a bearing on the question of the veracity of her claims. For example, if someone is shown to be a pathological liar, then what he says can be considered to be unreliable. However, such attacks are weak, since even pathological liars might speak the truth on occasion. In general, it is best to focus one's attention on the content of the claim and not on who made the claim. It is the content that determines the truth of the claim and not the characteristics of the person making the claim. Examples of Personal Attack 1. In a school debate, Bill claims that the President's economic plan is unrealistic. His opponent, a professor, retorts by saying "the freshman has his facts wrong." 2. "This theory about a potential cure for cancer has been introduced by a doctor who is a known lesbian feminist. I don't see why we should extend an invitation for her to speak at the World Conference on Cancer." 3. "Bill says that we should give tax breaks to companies. But he is untrustworthy, so it must be wrong to do that." 4. "That claim cannot be true. Dave believes it, and we know how morally repulsive he is." 5. "Bill claims that Jane would be a good treasurer. However I find Bill's behavior offensive, so I'm not going to vote for Jill." 6. "Jane says that drug use is morally wrong, but she is just a goody-two shoes Christian, so we don't have to listen to her." 7. Bill: "I don't think it is a good idea to cut social programs." Jill: "Why not?" Bill: "Well, many people do not get a fair start in life and hence need some help. After all, some people have wealthy parents and have it fairly easy. Others are born into poverty and..." Jill: "You just say that stuff because you have a soft heart and an equally soft head." Also Known as: Appeal to Mockery, The Horse Laugh. Description of Appeal to Ridicule The Appeal to Ridicule is a fallacy in which ridicule or mockery is substituted for evidence in an "argument." This line of "reasoning" has the following form: 1. X, which is some form of ridicule is presented (typically directed at the claim). 2. Therefore claim C is false. This sort of "reasoning" is fallacious because mocking a claim does not show that it is false. This is especially clear in the following example: "1+1=2! That's the most ridiculous thing I have ever heard!" It should be noted that showing that a claim is ridiculous through the use of legitimate methods (such as a non fallacious argument) can make it reasonable to reject the claim. One form of this line of reasoning is known as a "reductio ad absurdum" ("reducing to absurdity"). In this sort of argument, the idea is to show that a contradiction (a statement that must be false) or an absurd result follows from a claim. For example: "Bill claims that a member of a minority group cannot be a racist. However, this is absurd. Think about this: white males are a minority in the world. Given Bill's claim, it would follow that no white males could be racists. Hence, the Klan, Nazis, and white supremists are not racist organizations." Since the claim that the Klan, Nazis, and white supremists are not racist organizations is clearly absurd, it can be concluded that the claim that a member of a minority cannot be a racist is false. Examples of Appeal to Ridicule 1. "Sure my worthy opponent claims that we should lower tuition, but that is just laughable." 2. "Support the ERA? Sure, when the women start paying for the drinks! Hah! Hah!" 3. "Those wacky conservatives! They think a strong military is the key to peace!" Translated from Latin to English, "Ad Hominem" means "against the man" or "against the person." An Ad Hominem is a general category of fallacies in which a claim or argument is rejected on the basis of some irrelevant fact about the author of or the person presenting the claim or argument. Typically, this fallacy involves two steps. First, an attack against the character of person making the claim, her circumstances, or her actions is made (or the character, circumstances, or actions of the person reporting the claim). Second, this attack is taken to be evidence against the claim or argument the person in question is making (or presenting). This type of "argument" has the following form: 1. Person A makes claim X. 2. Person B makes an attack on person A. 3. Therefore A's claim is false. The reason why an Ad Hominem (of any kind) is a fallacy is that the character, circumstances, or actions of a person do not (in most cases) have a bearing on the truth or falsity of the claim being made (or the quality of the argument being made). Example of Ad Hominem 1. Bill: "I believe that abortion is morally wrong." Dave: "Of course you would say that, you're a priest." Bill: "What about the arguments I gave to support my position?" Dave: "Those don't count. Like I said, you're a priest, so you have to say that abortion is wrong. Further, you are just a lackey to the Pope, so I can't believe what you say." Description of Ad Hominem Tu Quoque This fallacy is committed when it is concluded that a person's claim is false because 1) it is inconsistent with something else a person has said or 2) what a person says is inconsistent with her actions. This type of "argument" has the following form: 1. Person A makes claim X. 2. Person B asserts that A's actions or past claims are inconsistent with the truth of claim X. 3. Therefore X is false. The fact that a person makes inconsistent claims does not make any particular claim he makes false (although of any pair of inconsistent claims only one can be true - but both can be false). Also, the fact that a person's claims are not consistent with his actions might indicate that the person is a hypocrite but this does not prove his claims are false. Examples of Ad Hominem Tu Quoque 1. Bill: "Smoking is very unhealthy and leads to all sorts of problems. So take my advice and never start." Jill: "Well, I certainly don't want to get cancer." Bill: "I'm going to get a smoke. Want to join me Dave?" Jill: "Well, I guess smoking can't be that bad. After all, Bill smokes." 2. Jill: "I think the gun control bill shouldn't be supported because it won't be effective and will waste money." Bill: "Well, just last month you supported the bill. So I guess you're wrong now." 3. Peter: "Based on the arguments I have presented, it is evident that it is morally wrong to use animals for food or clothing." Bill: "But you are wearing a leather jacket and you have a roast beef sandwich in your hand! How can you say that using animals for food and clothing is wrong!" Description of Appeal to Emotion An Appeal to Emotion is a fallacy with the following structure: 1. Favorable emotions are associated with X. 2. Therefore, X is true. This fallacy is committed when someone manipulates peoples' emotions in order to get them to accept a claim as being true. More formally, this sort of "reasoning" involves the substitution of various means of producing strong emotions in place of evidence for a claim. If the favorable emotions associated with X influence the person to accept X as true because they "feel good about X," then he has fallen prey to the fallacy. This sort of "reasoning" is very common in politics and it serves as the basis for a large portion of modern advertising. Most political speeches are aimed at generating feelings in people so that these feelings will get them to vote or act a certain way. in the case of advertising, the commercials are aimed at evoking emotions that will influence people to buy certain products. In most cases, such speeches and commercials are notoriously free of real evidence. This sort of "reasoning" is quite evidently fallacious. It is fallacious because using various tactics to incite emotions in people does not serve as evidence for a claim. For example, if a person were able to inspire in a person an incredible hatred of the claim that 1+1 = 2 and then inspired the person to love the claim that 1+1 = 3, it would hardly follow that the claim that 1+1 = 3 would be adequately supported. It should be noted that in many cases it is not particularly obvious that the person committing the fallacy is attempting to support a claim. In many cases, the user of the fallacy will appear to be attempting to move people to take an action, such as buying a product or fighting in a war. However, it is possible to determine what sort of claim the person is actually attempting to support. In such cases one needs to ask "what sort of claim is this person attempting to get people to accept and act on?" Determining this claim (or claims) might take some work. However, in many cases it will be quite evident. For example, if a political leader is attempting to convince her followers to participate in certain acts of violence by the use of a hate speech, then her claim would be "you should participate in these acts of violence." In this case, the "evidence" would be the hatred evoked in the followers. This hatred would serve to make them favorable inclined towards the claim that they should engage in the acts of violence. As another example, a beer commercial might show happy, scantily clad men and women prancing about a beach, guzzling beer. In this case the claim would be "you should buy this beer." The "evidence" would be the excitement evoked by seeing the beautiful people guzzling the beer. This fallacy is actually an extremely effective persuasive device. As many people have argued, peoples' emotions often carry much more force than their reason. Logical argumentation is often difficult and time consuming and it rarely has the power to spurn people to action. It is the power of this fallacy that explains its great popularity and wide usage. However, it is still a fallacy. In all fairness it must be noted that the use of tactics to inspire emotions is an important skill. Without an appeal to peoples' emotions, it is often difficult to get them to take action or to perform at their best. For example, no good coach presents her team with syllogisms before the big game. Instead she inspires them with emotional terms and attempts to "fire" them up. There is nothing inherently wrong with this. However, it is not any acceptable form of argumentation. As long as one is able to clearly distinguish between what inspires emotions and what justifies a claim, one is unlikely to fall prey to this fallacy. As a final point, in many cases it will be difficult to distinguish an Appeal to Emotion from some other fallacies and in many cases multiple fallacies may be committed. For example, many Ad Hominem<http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/ad-hominem.html>s will be very similar to Appeals to Emotion and, in some cases, both fallacies will be committed. As an example, a leader might attempt to invoke hatred of a person to inspire his followers to accept that they should reject her claims. The same attack could function as an Appeal to Emotion and a Personal Attack<http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/personal-attack.html>. In the first case, the attack would be aimed at making the followers feel very favorable about rejecting her claims. In the second case, the attack would be aimed at making the followers reject the person's claims because of some perceived (or imagined) defect in her character. This fallacy is related to the Appeal to Popularity<http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/appeal-to-popularity.html>fallacy. Despite the differences between these two fallacies, they are both united by the fact that they involve appeals to emotions. In both cases the fallacies aim at getting people to accept claims based on how they or others feel about the claims and not based on evidence for the claims. Another way to look at these two fallacies is as follows Appeal to Popularity<http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/appeal-to-popularity.html> 1. Most people approve of X. 2. So, I should approve of X, too. 3. Since I approve of X, X must be true. Appeal to Emotion 1. I approve of X. 2. Therefore, X is true. On this view, in an Appeal to Popularity<http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/appeal-to-popularity.html>the claim is accepted because most people approve of the claim. In the case of an Appeal to Emotion the claim is accepted because the individual approves of the claim because of the emotion of approval he feels in regards to the claim. Examples of Appeal to Emotion 1. The new PowerTangerine computer gives you the power you need. If you buy one, people will envy your power. They will look up to you and wish they were just like you. You will know the true joy of power. TangerinePower. 2. The new UltraSkinny diet will make you feel great. No longer be troubled by your weight. Enjoy the admiring stares of the opposite sex. Revel in your new freedom from fat. You will know true happiness if you try our diet! 3. Bill goes to hear a politician speak. The politician tells the crowd about the evils of the government and the need to throw out the peoople who are currently in office. After hearing the speach, Bill is full of hatred for the current politicians. Because of this, he feels good about getting rid of the old politicians and accepts that it is the right thing to do because of how he feels. On 12/16/05, Sean Schofield <email@example.com> wrote: > > FYI Dakota Jack is a troll. Please don't encourage him, even if you > agree with his position. > > sean > > On 12/16/05, Patrick Lightbody <email@example.com> wrote: > > This sounds familiar :) > > > > I definitely would recommend changing the slides and title of the > > presentation. Just yesterday I ran in to this: > > > > > http://javasymposium.techtarget.com/html/det_descriptions.htm#McClanahanShale > > > > Changing the title to something like "Shale: the Struts Component > > Framework" would certainly clear this up. We need to be firm and clear > > on the idea that Struts has many sub-projects, and two major > > frameworks: an Action framework and a Component framework. > > > > Patrick > > > > On 12/16/05, Dakota Jack <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote: > > > With some people like Craig McClanahan delivering talks at significant > > > conferences entitled with contrary ideas like "Is Shale the next > Struts", > > > you might excuse people for thinking that this "subproject" ruse is > > > baloney. I didn't fall off the turnip truck yesterday and I have read > all > > > about the Trojan Horse. > > > > > > On 12/15/05, Craig McClanahan <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > By the way, the original decision to incorporate Shale as a > subproject > > > > occurred nearly 11 months ago: > > > > > > > > http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=struts-user&m=110651419515521&w=2 > > > > > > > > -- Paul > > > > > > > > > > > > Craig > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > > > "You can lead a horse to water but you cannot make it float on its > back." > > > ~Dakota Jack~ > > > > > > > > > > --------------------------------------------------------------------- > > To unsubscribe, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com > > For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com > > > > > > --------------------------------------------------------------------- > To unsubscribe, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com > For additional commands, e-mail: email@example.com > > -- "You can lead a horse to water but you cannot make it float on its back." ~Dakota Jack~
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text:
Job details
Offer: Class 1 driver:ROSENAU TRANSPORT
Job description:
Job Order #: 5692090Employer Name:
Posted Date:
Job location:
# of Positions:
Employment Terms:
Full Time
1-2 Years
Apply By:
How to Apply?:
To apply please respond via email or fax with your resume and a copy of your drivers abstract which is no older than thirty days.No phone calls pleaseWe are not looking for owner operators at this time
Apply for this job online now!
Application InformationEmployer Name:
Employer Address:
Email address: firstname.lastname@example.com Hide the map
Contact Name:
Sean Van Goethem
Contact Contact phone:
Contact Contact fax:
Contact Email:
Email address: email@example.com
Employer Website:
JOB DESCRIPTIONRosenau Transport is seeking a professional class 1 driver to come join our team. We are seeking for an energetic person who enjoys working with others in a fun, fast paced environment. You will be doing pickups and deliveries in Regina as well as surrounding communities and will be home every night. LCV practice is an asset.
We supply well maintained late model equipment, offer competitive wages, paid training, benefits after ninety days and an RRSP program after one year and quarterly safety and performance bonus.
We require two years verifiable class 1 driving practice, a clean criminal record check (conducted by company) and a clean pre employment drug screening. Random drug screening will be conducted for duration of employment.
To apply, please respond via email or fax with your resume and a copy of your drivers abstract which is no older than thirty days.
No phone calls please
We are not looking for owner operators at this time
expertise and AbilitiesEssential expertise
- Significant use of memory
- Continuous learning
- Computer use
- Finding information
- Job task planning and organizing
- Critical thinking
- Decision making
- Problem solving
- Working with others
- Oral communication
- Writing
- Numeracy
- Document use
- Reading text
Transportation/Travel Information
- Valid driver's licence
Type of Trucking and Equipment
- Flatbed
- Straight truck (4,600kg+ or 10,000lbs+ with 3+ axles)
- Tractor-trailer
- Van
Weight Handling
- Up to 45 kg (100 lbs)
Type of Travel
- Short-haul
- Provincial/territorial
- Local
- Regional
Credentials (certificates, licences, memberships, courses, etc.)
- Driver's Licence (Class 1 or A)
- Air Brake (Z) Endorsement
Additional expertise
- Professionalism in customer service
- Handle inquiries from customers
Specific expertise
- supervise condition of vehicle and inspect tires, lights, brakes, cold storage and other equipment
- Tarping and ensuring safety and security of cargo
- Loading and unloading of goods
- Operate and drive straight or articulated trucks to transport goods and materials
- Drive lighter, special purpose trucks
- Monitor vehicle performance and mechanical fitness
- Perform brake adjustments
- Perform emergency roadside repairs
- Perform preventive maintenance
- Plan travel schedules and routes
- Receive and relay information to central dispatcher
- Transport hazardous products or dangerous goods
- Use atlases and other trip planning aids
Communication Equipment practice
- Citizens band (CB) radio
- Trip recorder (on-board computer)
- Cellular phone
- Satellite tracking (GPS) equipment
Work Conditions and Physical Capabilities
- Physically demanding
Security and Safety
- Drug test
- Driving record check (abstract)
- Criminal record check (abstract)
- Basic security clearance
Own Tools/Equipment
- Steel-toed safety boots
Documentation expertise
- Driver logbook
- Bill of lading
- Dangerous goods occurrence reports
- Inspection report (pre-trip, en-route, post-trip)
- Maintenance and repair reports
- Trans-border documentation
- Trip reports
- Accident or incident reports


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