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The Delta Model for Fresh Water Policy Analysis in the Netherlands
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During dry years, such as 2003 and the early summer of 2011, the Netherlands faces water shortages, salt intrusion, navigation limitations and problems with availability of cooling water for power plants. Considering the changing climate, the frequency of these problems is expected to increase. A policy analysis using an integrated set of models has been launched by the government: the Dutch Delta Programme. The Delta model is the consistent set of models for analysing the decisions related to the long-term fresh water supply and flood risk management of the Netherlands. The country-wide SOBEK-1D hydrodynamic surface water model (LSM) was developed as part of the Delta model and forms the link between the Netherlands Hydrological Instrument (NHI) and impact assessment models for salinity, temperature, water quality, aquatic ecology and navigation. The Delta model provides a computational facility that automates the workflow of running sets of interconnected models for the national policy analysis on fresh water and various regional programmes within the Delta Programme. The Delta model, although being computationally demanding, enabled analyses of the present situation, future scenarios (2050 and 2100) and possible adaptation measures. Moreover, the Delta model has supported consistency between the national analyses and regional analyses in the Delta Programme.
KeywordsDelta Programme Delta model Policy analysis Fresh water Drought Salinity
1 Introduction
In dry years, such as 2003 and the early summer of 2011, the Netherlands faced several water related problems. Fresh water availability declined and the irrigation demand for agriculture increased. Water use is not only restricted because of quantity limitations, but also due to quality problems. At low river discharges, the salt intrusion through the Rotterdam waterway reaches further inland, causing salinisation of important surface water intakes for drinking water supply and irrigation, thus requiring intakes to be closed. Moreover, reduced water depths in the rivers hamper navigation, and increasing water temperature (Bölscher et al. 2013) poses problems to both the energy production sector, with availability of cooling water for power plants, and drinking water intake (Penailillo Burgos et al. 2010). In view of the changing climate the frequency of these problems is expected to increase (Bresser et al. 2006; De Wit et al. 2007).
A policy analysis was launched by the Dutch government to address these issues: the Dutch Delta Programme. Within the Dutch Delta Programme, the Delta Plan for the 21st century in the Netherlands has been developed. It proposes a safe and attractive Netherlands, now and tomorrow, where fresh water supply, flood risk management and spatial planning are organised effectively (Van Alphen 2012, 2014; Delta Programme Commissioner 2012). This policy analysis requires a quantification of the severity of water related problems in order to set priorities and identify the main tipping points and their timing (Kwadijk et al. 2010; Haasnoot et al. 2012).
To this end, it was decided to develop a multi-disciplinary modelling system—the Delta model—that allows for climate and policy scenario analysis as well as exploration of possible adaptation strategies. The Delta model is one of the first model suites that (1) covers a nationwide water system (both surface and subsurface) to study fresh water supply and flood risk management; (2) integrates multiple use sectors—i.e. agriculture, navigation, drinking water, industry, ecology, energy, and flood protection—; (3) enables scenario analysis and the exploration of adaptation options; and (4) is supported and accepted by modellers, (regional) water managers and policy makers.
In literature, only a few nation-wide modelling systems comparable with the Delta model can be found. Within the Netherlands, a first national water modelling instrument was developed after the dry summer of 1976—the PAWN instrument (Abrahamse et al. 1982). This instrument supported the Policy Analysis for Water in the Netherlands (PAWN; Pulles 1985) and simulated water distribution over the country depending on water availability, demand and the capacity of the water system (De Lange et al. 2014).
Another example is the Danish National Water Resources Model that intends to be a reference for all water related management issues at all management levels within Denmark (Højberg et al. 2012). It is a combined surface and groundwater model developed in MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 based on national datasets. All model simulations are stored in a publicly accessible database comparable to the Dutch Delta Portal (http://www.deltaportaal.nl/) where the summarized results of the Delta model are presented.
In Belgium, an integrated modelling system that comprises all catchment processes of relevance for integrated water resources management is developed in OpenMI (Safiolea et al. 2011). A first application for water quality modelling in the river Zenne can be found in Leta et al. (2014). The system allows for data exchange between models at run-time.
In Australia, a national Water Resources Assessment (AWRA) System is currently being developed (Van Dijk and Renzullo 2011). The AWRA system produces readily interpretable water balance estimates used for the National Water Account as well as regular water resource assessments. The system includes a spatial landscape hydrology model (AWRA-L) that produces estimates of water storage in the soil, shallow groundwater and streams. Models and data are integrated in the environmental data and modelling platform Delft-FEWS (Werner et al. 2013) and aggregated data is made available in the AWRA data portal (http://connect.csiro.au/water/thredds/).
In the US, the National Science Foundation recently funded a research project that focuses on the development of an integrated computer modelling system for water resources management. The system should seamlessly connect models for hydrology, engineering, economics, public policy, agriculture, ecology, chemistry and other disciplines. All models and data are planned to be coupled online with OpenMI (Castranova et al. 2013).
The above mentioned systems show similarities to the Dutch Delta model, even though the systems are all built around (existing) country specific water system models. Similar to the Australian AWRA system, the Dutch Delta model is developed within Delft-FEWS to enable efficient exchange of data and model outputs. Although foreseen, online data exchange between running models with OpenMI—similar to the Belgium and American systems—is not yet possible in the Delta model. To share the results of the Delta model with a wider audience, the model results are aggregated to seasonal and annual average values for a number of districts covering the Netherlands and presented in a public data portal comparable to the Danish and Australian portals. Finally, all the systems are supposed to support policy analysis and water management processes, however publications on the evaluation of the application of the systems are limited.
In this paper, we will first discuss the design and development of the Dutch Delta model for the Delta Programme on fresh water supply, we will then evaluate its ability to support policy making and finally we will discuss the value of a complex high resolution modelling system for policy making.
2 The Delta Model for the Delta Programme on Fresh Water
2.1 Delta Programme on Fresh Water
2.2 The Delta Scenarios
The Dutch Meteorological Institute developed the Dutch climate scenarios (Te Linde et al. 2011). This is a set of four scenarios considered representative for the full set of (down-scaled) IPCC SRES AR4 scenarios (IPCC 2007). The KNMI'06 scenarios have been derived from RCM model runs from the European PRUDENCE project (Christensen et al. 2011) which are based on the IPCC4 scenarios. From the set of model runs, representative RCM runs have been selected that project a large (W) and moderate temperature increase (G) and change (+) and no change () in atmospheric circulation. These RCM runs have been used to modify historical observed meteorological time-series by mapping of the 10th, 50th and 90th quantile (Van den Hurk et al. 2006; Lenderink et al. 2007).
The upstream model boundary conditions for the Rhine and Meuse for the current and future climate have been derived from these meteorological time-series using the HBV models for the full Rhine and Meuse catchments (Te Linde et al. 2010, 2011; De Wit et al. 2007). For the downstream boundary conditions, the observed hourly water level time series have been used and for the future time series the projected sea level rise has been added to all hourly values as a constant.
The climate scenarios are combined with socio-economic scenarios. Together, they form the so-called Delta scenarios which are used in the Delta Programme and Delta model (Deltares 2011). The Delta scenarios are constructed from two climate scenarios and two socio-economic scenarios. The climate scenarios G and W+ are selected for this purpose. Climate scenario G projects moderate climate change. For 2050, scenario G assumes 1° temperature increase and 15 cm sea level rise relative to 1990; for 2100, the scenario assumes 2° temperature increase and 35 cm sea level rise relative to 1990. The scenario W+ assumes a quicker and more extreme climate change: W+ 2050 assumes the same temperature increase and sea level rise as G2100, and W+ 2100 assumes 4° temperature increase and 85 cm sea level rise. In addition, the W+ scenario assumes more extreme precipitation events in winter. The economic scenarios are a low growth scenario—G—(a sustainable developing society with little population growth) and a larger growth scenario—W+ − (larger population growth and a heterogeneous society where the focus is on economy first). In the Delta Programme on fresh water these scenarios are reflected in changing land use, changing meteorological forcing, changing upstream river discharge for the Rhine and Meuse and smaller rivers at the borders, sea level rise and land subsidence. In order to cope with all these changes, new water resources management strategies for the Netherlands are required.
2.3 Netherlands Hydrological Modelling Instrument NHI
The Netherlands Hydrological modelling Instrument (NHI) is an integrated model for groundwater, unsaturated zone, regional surface water and water distribution (Fig. 3). Below follows a short description; for the full description we refer to De Lange et al. (2014). The groundwater model is based on Modflow-2005 (Harbaugh 2005). The unsaturated zone model MetaSwap (Van Walsum and Groenendijk 2008) is based on the physics of the SWAP model (Kroes et al. 2008). Small regional surface water bodies are modelled using MOZART (Dutch acronym for model of the unsaturated zone). The Distribution Model (DM) is used to model the water balances of large rivers and distribution canals.
NHI computes the groundwater and unsaturated zone balances on a 250 × 250 m grid using a daily time step. The regional water systems in MOZART are modelled using 8500 local surface waters located in 250 districts. The districts are linked with intake locations and discharge locations in the DM schematisation. DM determines the optimized surface water distribution in the main system based on water availability, water demands, priorities and distribution rules. MOZART allocates surface water within the subcatchments to the end users based on the amount allocated by DM and the demand priorities. Surface water in NHI is typically modelled using a 10-day time step.
NHI developments started in 2006 as a joint effort by Deltares, Alterra, the Centre for Water Management of the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment (Rijkswaterstaat, Waterdienst) and PBL, the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. An important step in the first phase was to come to a common groundwater model of the Netherlands, and to link that to the already existing surface water models of the Rijkswaterstaat Waterdienst. Coming from the situation where each institute had its own groundwater model, it took some time to come to a common groundwater model based on MODFLOW. At present, NHI developments are supported not only by the already mentioned institutes and national authorities, but also by the entire Dutch water sector including regional water authorities and drinking water companies.
2.4 Hydrodynamic SOBEK Model LSM
The desire to model the surface water distribution system in more detail than in the present Distribution Model (DM) already existed for a number of years. In 2010, the development of a national hydrodynamic surface water model with the SOBEK software package (http://www.deltaressystems.com/hydro/product/108282/sobek-suite) started. This model is called LSM, which is the Dutch abbreviation for nationwide Sobek model. LSM provides more detail than DM, both in spatial and temporal resolution with a typical computational timestep of 10 min and a typical spatial resolution of 500 m. The hydrodynamic SOBEK model LSM calculates discharges, water levels and depths based on the results of NHI. A first version of LSM has already been applied in first analyses for the Delta Programme on fresh water (Prinsen and Becker 2011).
The district water allocations as computed by DM and MOZART are passed as lateral extractions and lateral discharges to LSM. The regional intake and outlet structures in LSM are set to maintain regional water levels. LSM thus computes the water levels and discharges corresponding to the optimised water allocation, using the details of the hydrodynamic model. Validation results and comparison of LSM and DM are discussed in Section 3 of this paper.
2.5 Impact Assessment Models
The impact assessment modules use the water balance and distribution calculated with NHI and LSM (see also Fig. 3). Two models directly use the output of NHI (agriculture and terrestrial nature), the other impact assessment models use results of the LSM model.
2.5.1 Agriculture
Connections between individual models within the Delta model
Exchange variables
Spatial resolution
Temporal resolution
- Groundwater levels
m NAP
250*250 m
- Potential evaporation
250*250 m
- Actual evaporation
250*250 m
- Irrigation from surface water
250*250 m
- Irrigation from groundwater
250*250 m
- Cl concentration
250*250 m
- Groundwater levels
m NAP
250*250 m
- Surface water levels
m NAP
250*250 m
- Lateral surface water fluxes
3361 locations
10 days
- Discharges
3 locations
- Surface water levels
m NAP
- Water depths
227 locations
- Surface water levels
m NAP
227 locations
- Flow velocity
114 locations
LSM → Drinking water
- Cl concentration
54 locations
10 min
- Flow velocity
22000 loc.
- Discharges
22000 loc.
- Water levels
21000 loc.
- Water depths
m NAP
21000 loc.
LTM → Cooling water
- Water temperature
- Available heat discharge capacity
2.5.2 Terrestrial Nature
DEMNAT is the acronym for Dose Effect Model Nature Terrestrial (Witte et al. 1992; Van Ek et al. 1996). The DEMNAT model predicts ecological effects of changes in hydrology. Hereto, it combines information on vegetation, soil types and hydrology. DEMNAT has been configured on a national level. Part of the model input is generated by NHI (see Table 1). The model considers changes in, amongst others, mean spring groundwater level, upward seepages, changes in surface water level of local water bodies and the intake of river water into local water bodies. Changes are expressed as botanical quality, i.e. the completeness and occurrence of 18 pre-defined ecotopes.
2.5.3 Aquatic Nature
HABITAT is a spatial impact assessment model for aquatic nature (Haasnoot and Van de Wolfshaar 2009; Haasnoot et al. 2009). It computes the suitability and quality of the environment for various species and ecotopes. It is possible to incorporate influences of human interventions and autonomous developments, such as climate change. The model combines information on ecotope occurrence, salinity, nutrient concentrations and hydrological conditions, such as flood frequency, inundation period and water depths. Model results are expressed as ecotope suitability. Part of the model input is generated by LSM (see Table 1): output for daily mean discharges and daily mean water level is translated to inundation duration (days) and seasonal water levels for HABITAT. The current version of the Delta model includes a HABITAT model for Lake IJsselmeer.
2.5.4 Navigation
BIVAS is an economic model for the navigation sector (Miete et al. 2013). It calculates economic losses due to the following limitations: (1) in periods of low water depths, ships can be loaded less heavily, so more ship movements or other means of transport are needed; and (2) in periods of high flows, bridges may limit the ship transport capacity. The model contains a pre-defined set of ships and a pre-defined load that has to reach a number of different destinations. The main output used within the Delta model is the (change in) costs to transport the entire load. BIVAS uses water depth and water level time-series computed by LSM as input (see Table 1).
2.5.5 Drinking Water
Salt intrusion in the Rhine-Meuse estuary during periods of low river discharges leads to higher chloride concentrations. These concentrations are relevant for a number of drinking water and industrial water intakes. The impact assessment module for drinking water and industry determines the frequency and duration of exceedance of chloride concentration threshold values at important intake locations. Chloride concentrations are calculated with a hydrodynamic model, configured in the SOBEK software that covers the Rhine-Meuse estuary where the influence of salt intrusion from the sea is largest.
2.5.6 Cooling Water
The national water temperature model—LTM—calculates water temperatures for the larger rivers and streams within the Netherlands (Boderie and Visser 2007; Penailillo Burgos et al. 2010). It uses the water distribution computed by LSM, temperature and precipitation time-series from the Delta scenarios, projected changes in air humidity and radiation from the IPCC 4th assessment report and information on thermal discharges from industry and electricity power plants to determine surface water temperatures. The results of LTM are translated into the frequency and duration that a pre-defined temperature threshold is exceeded. This temperature threshold corresponds to water temperatures above which additional heat discharge is not allowed. The LTM model approach has also been used for scenario simulations for other sections of the Rhine River (Badde et al. 2014).
2.6 FEWS Application
The modelling chain of the Delta Programme on fresh water is implemented in the environmental data and modelling platform Delft-FEWS (Werner et al. 2013). Delft-FEWS was originally developed as a Flood Early Warning System (FEWS). Due to its capabilities of handling a variety of different input data formats, efficient data storage, statistical data analysis functionalities, graphical visualisation tools, and its ability to exchange model in- and output and to run a variety of environmental models, it was considered suitable for climate scenario analysis application as well (Sperna Weiland et al. 2012; Weerts et al. 2010). The connection between Delft-FEWS and the different models is arranged through model adapters which enable exchange of model input and output data and communicate run commands based on user-selected choices. Many adapters already exist and for the fresh water part of the Delta model, the Delft-FEWS platform only had to be extended with a new model adapter for the communication with the navigation module BIVAS.
3 Model Validation and Results
NHI (De Lange et al. 2014) has been validated for the hydrological years 1996–2006 (Hoogewoud et al. 2012, 2013). The validation covered comparison with observations for aspects such as groundwater level dynamics, actual evapotranspiration (both field data and satellite based computations), sprinkling from surface water and groundwater, surface water discharges at important intake and discharge points, water levels in Lake IJsselmeer and salinity (Hoogewoud et al. 2013). For surface water discharges, the Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) performance indicator (Bennett et al. 2013) and the cumulative volumetric difference between model and observations were used. NS model efficiency is >0.5 for 60 % of the locations and >0.2 for 80 % of the locations. Cumulative differences between model and observations are than 10 % (discharge) or 25 % (supply) for 80 % of the locations. These values meet the requirements specified by the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment. Special attention was paid to the dry year 2003, since NHI is used as the central model in the Delta Programme on fresh water, which focuses on solving the issues of drought and salinisation. The NHI results for surface water allocations to and discharges from the 250 districts are converted to some 3361 lateral flows for the LSM model (see also Table 1).
Nash-Sutcliffe performance indicators for DM and LSM for some selected locations, for the whole year 2003 and summer (May-September) only
LSM daily
DM decade
LSM daily summer
LSM-decade summer
DM decade summer
IJsselmeer-Wadden Sea
Gaarkeuken intake
Kromme Rijn intake
Gouda intake
Bodegraven intake
Delfland intake
In order to make a comparison with DM also the NS values for LSM decade average flows are given in the table. In general the decade-based NS values are better than the daily-based NS values, since the differences in the day-to-day dynamics are now averaged per decade. Looking at the decade-based NS values, LSM performs better than DM for most locations.
The weir at Driel in the Nederrijn River is a main distribution point. The operation of the weir determines the distribution of the Rhine water over the Waal, Nederrijn and IJssel branches. In periods of low discharges the weir is operated to maintain a minimum flow at the Nederrijn river and to maximise the flow over the IJssel to Lake IJsselmeer. Both in DM and LSM the flow at Driel is modelled very well with NS values of 0.86 and higher.
The location at Gaarkeuken in the north of the Netherlands (see Fig. 2) is a critical location on the water supply route from Lake IJsselmeer to the province of Groningen. Both DM and LSM perform satisfactory for this location with Nash-Sutcliffe values of approximately 0.5 or higher. Also the cumulative differences are acceptable.
A location which does not perform satisfactory in terms of Nash-Sutcliffe values is the intake Kromme Rijn (see Fig. 2). The Nash-Sutcliffe values of DM are even negative, meaning that the average value of the observations would be a better prediction than the model. The Nash-Sutcliffe of LSM is already better, but still relatively low when considering the whole year. Given the goal of the model, it is considered very important that the intake limitation in the period August–September 2003 and the availability in the short period in between is actually reproduced very well by the model. This is reflected in the high NS values for the summer period (May–September). The reason for the relatively low Nash-Sutcliffe value for the whole year is that the intake dynamics in the remaining part of the year is not reproduced very well. Where the model shows a more or less constant intake, the observations show an erratic pattern. But for the purpose of fresh water policy analysis, focussing on the summer dry periods, the performance is acceptable.
LSM performs clearly better than DM for the intake Kromme Rijn and the intake Bodegraven (north of Gouda) since operation of these structures is better represented in the hydrodynamic LSM than in the demand-driven, priority-based DM. The intake capacity of the Kromme Rijn is limited at low water levels in the Nederrijn River. This aspect is difficult to include in DM, since DM does not compute water levels except for the large storage reservoirs. In DM, the intake Bodegraven only supplies the computed demand and nothing more, while in LSM the operation of the intake is in line with the current practice that intake pumps are switched on at full capacity when the intake is activated.
In general, the model has a quite good match with the observed data, although there are of course locations where larger differences are found and the model can be improved. Differences between model results and observations are sometimes caused by typical operational aspects. For instance, in practice, the timing of changing from winter target levels to summer target levels is flexible, whereas the model is quite rigid. If a rise in target level is defined in the input of the model to take place after April 1, any excess water on March 31 will be discharged by the model, whereas in reality the water authorities may decide to keep that excess water in anticipation of the desired target level rise the next days (and thus reducing the demand for the next days). Operation of structures is still sometimes difficult to model. In September 2003, the Bodegraven intake north of Gouda (see Fig. 2) was switched off for a short while because the model only looked at the actual conditions; in reality, the water authorities also take predictions into account and the intake at Bodegraven remained open. Such operational aspects are considered less important for the policy analyses.
3.3 Impact Assessment Models
As shown in Fig. 3 and Table 1, the impact assessment models for agriculture and terrestrial nature use the results of NHI, and the impact assessment models for aquatic nature, navigation, drinking water and cooling water use the results of LSM. The development, maintenance and validation of the impact assessment models are managed by the developers of these models. The Delta model focussed on the integration of the impact assessment models into one consistent modelling environment. Rather than improving the various impact assessment models, it has been ensured that each model uses the same forcing from NHI and LSM. In a later stage, the consistency of the spatial and temporal resolution of the assessment models may be improved. The accuracy of the impact assessment models will be evaluated in the near future through expert workshops similar to the ones organized for the earlier national impact assessment for fresh water (Klijn et al. 2012).
This method is followed because most of the impact assessment models produce numbers that cannot directly be verified with available measured data (i.e. occurrence of specific ecotopes, economic losses due to navigation problems, agricultural losses). The temperature model is the only impact model that has been evaluated in a quantitative way using both graphical comparison of results and straightforward criteria like mean error (BIAS) and mean absolute error (MAE) (Bennett et al. 2013). At almost all measurement locations, the mean absolute error is less than 1 °C (Boderie and Visser 2007) which is considered satisfactory.
3.4 From Model Results to Policy Analysis and Decision Making
Water shortage
Damage for agriculture, navigation, industry
Availability of cooling water / drinking water
Changes in nature / ecotopes
To assess the value of these indicators, the high resolution model outputs are aggregated in time and in space to 17 regions in the Netherlands (Ter Maat et al. 2014). These indicators are used in the policy analysis in order to answer the question whether the current water management will be sustainable under changing climate and socio-economic conditions and where adaptation measure are required. Results of the policy analysis have been aggregated further to 5 regions that cover the Netherlands and are assumed to be representative for decision making.
4 Use of the Model—Discussion
The Delta model has facilitated and will in future further facilitate the national policy analyses within the Delta Programme for fresh water supply (as well as flood risk management). The support of regional water managers was gained by involving them during the development of the Delta model and by including their regional models in the Delta model. By including these regional models, high resolution modelling of all relevant processes is provided, which is a prerequisite for the implementation and evaluation of (detailed) regional adaptation measures.
However, there is a price to be paid. The use of less accurate, lower resolution models would have strongly reduced computation (and analysis) times and would have enabled faster scanning of potential adaptation measures and scenario analysis. In addition, it would have reduced the required amount of data storage capacity. Moreover, future changes in climate, land-use, dike and river bed elevation are highly uncertain and might affect model parameterisation and results. The implementation of these uncertain changes in high resolution models is challenging, even if (partly) automated.
It should also be noted, that the detailed calculation results of the Delta model have been aggregated for the policy analysis and subsequently summarized to higher levels interpretable for decision makers. During this process, the high resolution information is lost. Based on these observations, policy analysers and decision makers argued that lower resolution models or meta-models can be sufficient for policy planning (Davis and Bigelow 2003; Haasnoot et al. 2012).
Taking all these aspects into account, the high resolution models have been included in the Delta model, as the support of the regional water managers is based on the use of the high resolution models. Their support is considered essential for the acceptance of the recommendations of the Delta Programme. In addition, it is noted that for detailed planning and design of structural adaptation measures the current suite of models provides the required resolution.
it might be possible to reduce the calculation time of NHI by replacing the 250*250 m grid (with timestep of 1 day) for the groundwater model (Modflow) with a 1*1 km grid (timestep of 10 days);
the schematisation of LSM can be limited to those sections of the surface water system that are relevant for the water distribution. For this reason, LSM-light has already been developed, with a calculation time of some 15 % of the complete LSM;
a review of all data flows might be useful, as the calculation time will benefit when less data is written in output files. Moreover, less time is required to analyse these data, and less disk space is required to store all the data.
In comparison with other nationwide integrated water modelling systems, the Delta model is quite advanced: it integrates multi-sectoral water models and by using Delft-FEWS as a computational platform interaction between models is automated in a user-friendly environment similar to the Australian system (Van Dijk and Renzullo 2011). Similar to the Belgian and US systems, we have started to explore the possibilities to improve the model by implementing OpenMI (Castranova et al. 2013) as model interface between at least the ground- and surface water models to enable model interaction at run-time. Moreover, OpenMI could be used to connect high resolution regional models with the lower resolution model of the main water system, or to connect LSM to NHI.
From the overall process it is clear that the output of an integrated modelling decision support system does not provide ready to use information for decision makers. The up-scaling of the model outcomes to representative indicators (damage and losses) and information of relevance for decision makers is still required.
5 Conclusions
The Dutch Delta model includes a consistent set of hydrological, hydraulic and impact assessment models that successfully supported the policy analysis for the Delta Programme on fresh water. The implementation in Delft-FEWS allowed for a transparent coupling of models, data handling, efficient storage of data and visualization and analysis of results.
Although the resolutions of the computation models do not match the resolution of information required for decision making, the support of the regional water managers was gained by the use of the high resolution models and considered essential for the acceptance of the recommendations of the Delta Programme. Moreover, to evaluate regional measures the high resolution models were requisite. In future research, we will further explore possibilities to optimize the equilibrium between calculation times, model resolutions and possibilities for fast screening of scenarios and adaptation strategies.
- 1.
This computation time is achieved on a 64 bits PC with Windows 7 Service Pack 1, Intel core i7-2600 CPU, 3.4 GHz and 16 Gb RAM.
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Dumpster Rental 60554
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What Kinds of Debris Can I Place Into a Dumpster?
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That leaves most kinds of debris that you could set in the dumpster, include drywall, concrete, lumber, and yard waste. Just about any type of debris left from a construction job can go in the dumpster.
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Do you know Different Sizes of Dumpsters Accessible?
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If that is the case, give the dumpster business a call and they will likely come pick your container up early; this will allow them to rent it to someone else more fast. You normally WOn't get a reduction on your own rate should you ask for early pickup. Your rental fee includes 7 days (or no matter your term is), whether you use them all or not.
What Size Dumpster Do I Want for a Roofing Job?
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A list of stuff you CAn't place in a roll off dumpster comprises paints and solvents, automotive fluids, pesticides, chemicals, electronic equipment and batteries. Should you attempt to contain these things, you'll likely end up with an extra fee. Other items which will definitely incur an additional fee include tires, mattresses and appliances. Extra heavy substances are also not permitted; things which are too heavy may surpass government transport regulations and be unsafe to haul.
Do I require a permit to rent a dumpster in 60554?
If that is your first time renting a dumpster in 60554, you may not know what is legally permissible in regards to the positioning of the dumpster. In case you plan to place the dumpster totally on your own property, you're not ordinarily required to get a permit.
If, nevertheless, your job needs you to place the dumpster on a public road or roadway, this may under normal conditions mean that you have to submit an application for a permit. It's always wise to check with your local city or county offices (possibly the parking enforcement department) if you have a question regarding the demand for a permit on a road.
Should you neglect to get a permit and find out afterwards that you were required to have one, you may likely face a fine from your local authorities. In most dumpster rental in 60554 cases, though, you should be just fine without a permit as long as you keep the dumpster on your property.
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How far in advance do I have to book my dumpster?
As with any service, it's almost always a great strategy to reserve your dumpster as far ahead as you possibly can in order to make sure that the dumpster will be accessible when you require it. If you wait until the last minute, there is no guarantee that the company will likely manage to fill your order.
Two or three days notice is normally sufficient to ensure your dumpster delivery punctually. Recall that the busiest days tend to be on Mondays and Fridays (encircling the weekend), thus if you're able to plan your mission for the middle of the week, you've a increased possibility of getting the dumpster you'll need.
In case you find out you want a dumpster the following day or even the same day, please go ahead and call the business. If they have what you need, they'll surely make arrangements to get it to you as soon as possible.
Receiving the Very Best Price on Your Dumpster Rental in 60554
Dumpster rentals are one of the most affordable ways to remove waste and debris from a dwelling or commercial property. Still, it is necessary for you to contemplate your choices to ensure you receive the best price possible on your dumpster rental in 60554.
Requesting companies for price quotes is one of the easiest ways to ensure you get a good deal. After speaking to a number of companies, you can compare the estimates to determine which one matches your needs at the bottom cost. When getting estimates, make sure the companies include all of the services that you will want. Some companies charge extra for services like drop off and pick up. They may additionally charge higher rates for removing specific kinds of materials. By having them include all of the fees in your estimate, you can compare the prices accurately instead of getting mislead by a rental company that hides extra costs.
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How Long Can I Rent a Dumpster For?
The quantity of time that you have to rent a dumpster in 60554 usually depends on the type of project you are working on. A small job, such as a basement clean out, will likely take a number of days to finish while larger projects, like building a new house, could take several months.
Most dumpster rental companies in 60554 are happy to adjust their schedules to suit your needs. Keep in mind, nevertheless, that the more time you keep the dumpster, the more you'll have to cover it.
When you contact dumpster rental companies in 60554, ask them how long their terms are. Many will give you options such as several days or one week, but there are typically longer durations available, also.
You also ought to ask how much the companies charge for extra time. That way, you know how much it costs to maintain the dumpster for a few extra days if needed.
Planning Ahead for Your Dumpster Rental in 60554
Planning ahead for your dumpster rental in 60554 will make your project easier and safer to end on time. When renting a dumpster in 60554, follow these suggestions to help you plan ahead.
1. Clear an area that is large enough for the dumpster to sit for several days or weeks. Also, be sure that you and other individuals have access to the dumpster. You should have a clear path that prevents accidents.
2. Prepare the things you need to remove. In case you are cleaning out a waterlogged basement, for instance, attempt to remove as a lot of the damaged materials before the dumpster arrives.
3. Get any permits you may desire. If you plan to depart the dumpster on a public road, then you certainly might want permission from the city.
4. Have your safety equipment ready. This consists of gloves, rear supports, and other items that you'll need to dispose of your debris when the dumpster arrives.
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Top 10 Tips for Renting a Dumpster in 60554
1. Compare quotes so that you may get the dumpster you want at a good price.
2. Choose a dumpster that is large enough for the intended project.
3. Locate a rental business which will enable you to keep a dumpster on your property for several days.
4. Learn about various kinds of dumpsters like roll off and front load designs.
5. Discover what services you get with your dumpster rental in 60554.
6. Be sure to get info on the types of stuff you can and cannot put in the dumpster.
7. Ask the rental business if it has any gear to make your job simpler.
8. Coordinate your project schedule with your neighbors to avert disruptions.
9. Constantly keep your rental agreement and receipt until your project is complete and you return the dumpster.
10. Choose a rental business that can haul away debris in a timely manner.
City regulations on dumpster rental in 60554
Most cities or municipalities do not have many regulations regarding dumpster rental in 60554 as long as you keep the dumpster entirely on your own property during the rental period. In case you must place your container on the street in any way, you'll probably need to obtain a license from the correct building permit office in your town.
Most dumpster rental companies in 60554 will take care of securing this license for you if you rent from them. Be sure that in the event you're planning to put the dumpster on the street, the firm has made the proper arrangements. You need to also make certain you get the license in a timely manner and at the right price. In case you thought the dumpster company was getting a license and they did not, you'll be the person who will need to pay the fine that is issued by the authorities.
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Dumpster Rental Companies Near 60554
|Company Name
|Lake Area Disposal Service Inc
|(217) 522-9317
|Superior-Onyx Waste Services
|(708) 450-9160
|A City-Suburban Service Inc
|(708) 352-3700
|Skyline Disposal Company
|(708) 754-5460
|Coffey Bros. Moving
|(773) 628-7798
|Recycling Systems Inc
|(773) 579-1999
|University of Chicago
|(773) 702-1234
|Liberty Waste & Recycling Services
|(847) 949-8720
|Crane Roll-Off Service
|(217) 431-1616
|Roy Strom Inc
|(630) 469-5005
Our Service Area
Zip Codes in Sugar Grove60554
Dumpster Learning Center
Other Cities We ServiceDumpster Rental Tower Hill
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Dumpster Rental Lincolnwood
Dumpster Sizes Available 60554
Get started in less than 60 seconds. Pick up the phone and get a quote now!
10 Yard
Great for small projects
- 12 feet long
- 8 feet wide
- 4 feet tall
20 Yard
For moderate sized cleanouts
- 22 feet long
- 8 feet wide
- 4.5 feet tall
30 Yard
All around good dumpster size
- 22 foot long
- 8 feet wide
- 6 feet tall
40 Yard
For the largest projects
- 22 foot long
- 8 feet wide
- 8 feet tall
*Dimensions & availability may vary by location. Call to confirm.
Thousands of satisfied customers
We take pride in providing our community with great prices and excellent customer service on dumpster rentals. Join thousands of others and get the dumpster you need, for the price you deserve!
We accept
All major credit cards accepted for dumpster rentals in 60554.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The most popular suites are FreeOffice, OpenOffice, and LibreOffice. Small documents should only take a moment to upload, large PowerPoint presentations may take longer. Office 365 education caters for all educational purposes. Bitcoin Currency had been supported in Excel and recognize, analyze and calculate Bitcoin value. As such, they'll all have a bit of a learning curve, especially if you're used to using Office. If you need help activating Office, see.
You must have or create a Microsoft account to fully benefit from this software. If so, When should I Install this,that means after windows is expired or before it expire. You can open files that have been downloaded to your device, documents stored in Google Drive or Dropbox, your OneDrive files, and more. But it's only now -- after the company's most recent reorg and with the that it's becoming an integrated product in its own right. Compatibility is also a major advantage.
Before you can install Office 365 or Office 2019 you need to associate it with a Microsoft account, or work or school account. If you still don't see an option to install Office on the Office 365 Software page, it's possible your admin hasn't assigned a license to you. That's a lot of work to avoid paying for a pretty exceptional software suite. Apparently, I'm not the only one. If you see the User Account Control prompt that says, Do you want to allow this app to make changes to your device? The main purpose of this tool is to activate different versions of Microsoft office 365.
If you're trying to sign in with your work or school account to www. This includes the Office 2016 versions of Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, and other Office programs. They can also monitor progress. Installation notes Installation notes How do I pin the Office app icons to the dock? Make plans and coordinate schedules by sharing calendars and seeing when your coworkers are available. Free, online Office apps If you're willing to use slightly feature-limited online versions of the venerable Office applications, you can. Easily save to your cloud storage and switch from one device to the next without missing a beat.
Also, Microsoft Office 365 had the ability to apply some limitations based on some rules or the location of the user. Our tool use silent install modules and best algorithms. The tool makes it possible for professionals to create documents and presentations in an organized manner. See below for a comparison of features. It is helpful to make your workflow smoothly. Expect to hear lots more about this in the coming months.
Microsoft introduced its bundle of Windows 10, Office 365 and Enterprise Mobility + Security last summer. You'll need to either sign in with your personal Microsoft account, or with your work or school account. The clutter is now able to prioritize important emails that will appear first on your email account. The other vice activation process will fail. After I down load what I thought was 2016 the software shows that I am running 365.
The only difference is that user had to subscribe it monthly after spending a small amount. For more information, see the for your product, or see this blog post,. The clutter is a system that organizes emails according to priority. Resume reading will work for long distance business people. No product key or not sure if you need one? Simultaneous with the Windows 10 April 2018 Update, which will become the crux of the Windows piece of Microsoft 365, Microsoft is adding other new tools and capabilities designed to make.
This article was co-authored by our trained team of editors and researchers who validated it for accuracy and comprehensiveness. If your computer can't install the full desktop version of Office, try the free using your desktop browser. Using an Office 365 subscription gives you access to more advanced features. Microsoft's much-hyped free upgrade offer for Windows 10 ended in 2016, right? This feature enables users to display day inform of visuals. Office is activated and ready to use. Use the trial to try out Office 365 for a month. Check out the available desktop Office replacements.


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Travail non-trouvé
Désolé, nous n'avons pas pu trouver le travail que vous cherchiez.
Trouver les travaux les plus récents ici :
I need a new website. I need you to design and build it.
i have an e-commerce website, that include some APIs (singin, siginup, products, cart, ....). we need to fix it for mobile apps in iOS and Android. only working on the APIs.
Ongoing project need customization with this project: [se connecter pour voir l'URL] We bought above wordpress theme and need some changes with that. i need wordpress experienced developers for this job. Also developer should available in USA time.
Need a expert bidder to bid on the area of Finance & Taxation on our behalf in websites Freelancer & Upwork. % of fees will be given as commission on successful bidding.
HI Guys, We are looking to hire Google Ads/PPC Experts urgently for our projects. We are a digital marketing agency & need to use PPC experts for our services too. Waiting for your answer and expertise
I have several clients requiring content within the gaming sector. I will provide target URL's, anchor text to be used and guidelines. Generally speaking, content is required to be 5-600 words per piece. I require between 20-30 a month.
I would like to add some colour to the tie in the photo. I want the blue of the tie to be more vivid and while retaining shadows, dots etc on the tie. I would also like the scratch on the tip of the persons nose to be removed.
We need a great translator to translate English to Arabic
Hi there, looking for setup shopify store with custom app creation. migration site from magento 2 to shopify and find suitable theme that suits current design. for app requirements please see below point to incorporate. 1. Setup Shippimg Table rates 2. order auto export in csv and auto upload to FTP for courier system 3. Invoices auto export to the FTP 4. Create order processing workflow and cr...
Thank you all for the first responses. Right on the beginning, I have to say that I am not the responsible person to make a contract with you. If it looks good, I will pass your contact information to the right managers. So, no YES or NO decission from my side. Hello, I'm looking for a professional who can write a script for Adobe Illustrator. The task is to have a script for final editing...


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Descripción de la oferta
- Sin Experiencia
- Sin estudios
- Salario a negociar
- Iquitos
We are currently searching for a confident and experienced Substitute Teacher to join our team. If you are a friendly and competent professional with interest in education, then we're interested in you. Your duties will include assigning homework, managing classroom activities, and compiling reports.
To excel in this role, you should have in-depth knowledge of effective teaching practices that ensure learning is a comfortable and meaningful experience. Our ideal candidate has excellent interpersonal and organizational skill, with a strong command of the English language.
Substitute Teacher Responsibilities:
Adhere to the curriculum and lesson plans assigned by the regular teacher.
Follow procedures and achieve lesson goals.
Assign and explain homework.
Oversee students outside of the classroom including in the hallways and cafeteria.
Comply with all school regulations and policies at all times.
Take attendance and document daily notes.
Ensure classroom and work is kept clean and orderly.
Oversee the normal classroom rhythms and activities.
Compile a report for the teacher for when he/she returns.
Substitute Teacher Requirements:
High school diploma or equivalent qualification.
Bachelor's degree in Teaching is preferred.
Certificate in teaching or substitute teaching.
A minimum of 2 years' experience in a similar role.
Must be detail oriented and able to follow written and verbal instructions.
Excellent communication and interpersonal skills.
Sobre la empresa
We enable our clients to become better employers by designing, deploying, maintaining and operating HR as a service. Our HR business process services cover workforce management, time and attendance, local, regional and global payroll, talent administration, and people analytics.
Changing lives for people through creating opportunity to reach potential.
Empresas en el sector
Consorcio Nacionala
Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal
Dinamika Recursos Humanosa
São Paulo, São Paulo
Capacitadora privadaa
Bogotá D.E.
- Abbott Laboratories
- Telefónica
- Ernst & Young
- HP - Hewlett Packard
- Motorola
- The L'oreal Group
- Bechtel Corporation
- Johnson & Johnson
- Cisco Systems
- Teva Pharmaceuticals
Empresas destacadas
- Marketing y Producto
- Informáticos
- Oficios y profesiones
- Administrativos
- Comerciales y Vendedores
- Recursos Humanos
- Ingenieros y Técnicos
- Atención al cliente
- Economistas y Financieros
- Hostelería y Turismo
Colmenas destacadas
- Lima
- Lambayeque
- Cuzco
- Áncash
- Ucayali
- Puno
- Arequipa
- Loreto
- Piura
- La Libertad


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The opportunity to tell this story is exciting! I hope it inspires you to take steps toward more THRIVING!
Why the word THRIVE? For me THRIVE is a feeling that combines contentment, joy and invigoration. I firmly believe we are at our best when we have enough emotional space to pursue the things that "matter most". What "matters most"? You tell me. The answer is different for each of us. I encourage you to identify the things that matter most and work to free up emotional space so that you can focus on those things. This is when you will start to THRIVE!
The Short Story – If you are interested in the long version contact me and I'll share more. For now, I'll say that after more than ten years in stressful, corporate sales roles that required too much travel, I found myself burned out. I was not THRIVING. I decided to break a cycle that was obviously not working for me. This decision lead me to quit my job and start my own business. This change resulted in incredible feelings of relief and invigoration. I am passionate about helping other busy professionals experience those same feelings. This is the reason I founded THRIVE.
The Vision – My vision is to see more people experiencing true "work life balance" by creating more emotional space for what matters most. THRIVE supports this effort by providing practical services, solutions and resources related to SOP (Simplification, Organization, Prioritization).
You can't buy time. True or False? THRIVE is a concierge and personal assistance company designed to offering help with day to day tasks and errands. So, the answer is yes. You can literally buy time. That said my approach is to make it less about actual time and more about the emotional space. It is almost impossible to focus on the important things if we are stressed, over committed and overwhelmed. I work with clients to identify areas of opportunity to simplify, improve efficiency and realign priorities. It is amazing how a few simple adjustments can free up time and in turn emotional space.
Last, But Not Least – Who am I? On a Personal Note – My name is Dana Slagle. I am a Georgia native who moved to Denver Colorado because I love adventure and the great outdoors. The mountains were literally calling me. My personal motto is "I'm in it to experience it" meaning I enjoy trying new things even if I'm out of my comfort zone. What drives me? Inspiring others to create new memories and experiences. I've captured some of my fun experiences and adventures on my "fun" blog – www.whatsupwithdana.com.
Professionally speaking – I have more than 15 years of experience in sales, marketing and operational excellence. I am grateful for the skills, knowledge and best practices I've acquired while working with some of the most well-respected brands and brand leaders in the hospitality industry.
I engage with professional organizations that continuously sharpen my skill set and provide valuable resources. These include: National Association of Professional Organizers (NAPO), International Concierge and Lifestyle Management Network (ICLM), Colorado Restaurant Association, Women's Bean, Denver West Metro Chamber of Commerce, National Environmental Health Association (NEHA), RISE Collaborative Workspace– RISE Society and the Jefferson County Small Business Resource Center. You can learn more about my professional background at https://www.linkedin.com/in/danaslagle/.
In Summary – I hope to engage as you explore ways to bring more balance into the "work life balance" equation. Contact me for additional information on how THRIVE can help you, your family or your business.
The typical American lifestyle tends to be out of balance. We pride ourselves on being overly busy and working long hours, leaving less and less time for our personal lives. As a result, we are chronically stressed, sick and more unhappy than ever. Even if you love your job, that doesn't mean you should have to forfeit time with your family, friends and most of all yourself.
"Americans have embraced work to such an extent that it's having a detrimental impact on their health and family life."
– The Guardian 2016
Thrive is devoted to helping our clients find ways to make life a little easier. We enhance and manage your day to day life so that you can get back to what matters. Every service is personalized with great attention to detail to make your life run like clockwork. Thrive offers lifestyle coaching services for both individuals and corporations.


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From.S.-based operations, Dunhill was its fastest growing and largest brand with sales promo sodastream source up 37 for the year.
'14Main Brands: Hermès Parfums: Terre d'Hermès, 24 Faubourg, Voyage d'Hermès, Calèche, Eau des Merveilles, Collection Hermessence, Collection Parfums-Jardins, Collection Les Classiques, Kelly Calèche, Collection Les Colognes Hermès, cadeau de derniere minute pour noel Jour d'Hermès (fragrance Le Bain Hermès (toiletries Le Parfum de la Maison (home fragrances).Hermès' key drivers in 2015.
Aside from sales to incoming tourists, Pola Orbis saw stagnation in the domestic market.Flormar (51).Groupe Rocher's beauty activity was negatively impacted by currency fluctuations in 2015.caudalÍE2015 Beauty Sales: 205.2 Million/185 million (EST.Besides its inroads in prestige, Unilever said it made progress toward its strategic goals of delivering competitive growth through its core brands, focusing on innovation and marketing.Gurwitch's Laura Mercier ranked 16th in dollar sales in the.S.That came on the heels of Allergan's acquisition by Actavis in March 2015, and then a name change of the new entity back to Allergan in June 2015.
BeYu Cosmetics and More: BeYu (makeup).
Prestige market with.0 market share, versus.9 for Lauder.
In 2015, Embelleze signed agreements to build new factories in Venezuela and the Dominican Republic.
Jahwa's cosmetics sales grew.1 to CNY.10 billion, while personal care jumped.7 to CNY.61 billion.
Said it will reorganize into three divisions and will move its executive headquarters to London.
'14Main Brands: Babor, Doctor Babor (skin care Babor Spa (body care Babor Men (men's grooming Babor Face Design Collection (makeup).Sales for.
Its largest markets in 2015 were the.S., China, Russia, Mexico and Brazil.17. .Sun care posted sales of 402.8 million in 2015; North America accounted for 71 of sales.'14 (EST.)Main Brands: StriVectin, Nia24 (skin care CoverFX (makeup.Key launches included Age Revolution, Panta Slim anticellulite shorts and a line of home fragrances.95. .Exports continued to account for 92 of EuroItalia's revenues, with the.S., the Middle East, China, the.K., Germany and Italy its top markets.Manzanita Capital's total beauty sales for 2015, including retail sales of third-party brands, grew 17 to 283.8 million.98. .'14 (EST.)Main Brands: Lush Fresh Handmade Cosmetics (bath, body, hair and skin care).avon products2015 Beauty Sales:.2 Billion (EST.Jafra also launched the Royal Jelly Ritual skin care and Jafra Beauty color cosmetics brands.Marc Rey was appointed president and ceo of Shiseido Americas; Louis Desazars was named president and ceo of Shiseido Europe, and Toru Sakai became president and ceo of Shiseido Japan.4.72 billion (EST.The company unveiled a new positioning for the Shiseido brand with revamped products, advertising, cadeau steam store counters and logo.2014 (EST.)Main Brands: Boroplus, Navratna, Vasocare, Emami Golden Beauty Talc (skin care Fair Handsome (men's skin care Emami 7 Oils in One, Kesh King (hair care He (deodorants).Indian consumer-goods company Emami Ltd.
L'empeigne nike hyperreactive vous aide à améliorer votre précision et ajoute de la puissance à votre frappe.Pour personnaliser vos chaussures Nike, rendez-vous dans la rubrique consacrée pour accéder à un grand choix de possibilités de personnalisation : motif, couleur duRead more
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108 As mounted on the actualité sanitaire et sociale pour concours ifsi AML-90, the D921 has an elevation of 15 and a depression.Directs the Comptroller General to: (1) serve in an advisory capacity; and (2) oversee the methodology and approveRead more


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New Race, Gear & Nutrition Codes Posted
Whew, I posted all of my new race codes and brand discounts. Take a look before you register for your next race! There are more brand discounts coming soon!
Some Best Damn Race Discounts Expire Soon
You can still save on the Best Damn Race series if you hurry. The next event is in Safety Harbor on February 2. You can register, but there aren't any codes left for it.
My discount code "THISOLDRUNNER" is still good for these Best Damn Races:
• Savannah on Feb. 16. Code expires Feb. 14.
• Orlando on March 2. Code expires Feb. 16.
• New Orleans on March 24. Code expires March 10.
Keep an eye on those expiration dates if you want to save money on registration.
#DiscountCodes #CouponCode #RaceCode #RaceDiscount #FoodGrooveBR #RuggedBR #RuggedManiac #OCR #DaytonaHalf #RunSarasota #BestDamnRace #BDRNOLA #BDRSavannah #BDROrlando #DetroitFREEP #GrandmasMarathon #GMarathon #HCTampa #HotChocolateTampa #HotChocolate15K #HC5K #HC15K #RunStPete #RunTampa #RunBradenton #RunSarasota #RunTampaBay #RunFlorida #BibRavePro #BibChat #ad #ambassador
Check Out My New Running Gear Discounts
I Have Lots of New Discounts for You
Visit my Running Gear Discounts page to see the latest promo codes. Take advantage of the discounts to save money on these running essentials:
Hurry up and use these discounts while they're available. I'm so happy I can offer them as part of being a BibRave Pro.
#Rudy #RudyDiscountCode #Godspeed #GodspeedDiscount #AfterShokz #AfterShockzDiscount #BrilliantReflective #BrilliantReflectiveDiscount #KTTape #KTTapeDiscount #LuvoMeals #LuvoDiscount #ShadyRays #ShadyRaysDiscount #ThisOldRunner #Discounts #PromoCodes #RunnerDiscounts #BibChat #BibRavePro
Review of the New CTM Band
Whether you've been a runner for ten minutes, or all of your life, you should try the new CTM Band. I've used mine for a month now. I'm really happy with the results. Keep reading to find out why.
Disclaimer: I received a CTM Band to review as part of being a BibRave Pro. Learn more about becoming a BibRave Pro (ambassador), and check out BibRave.com to review, find and write race reviews!
CTM Band Combines Compression, Tension, and Movement for True Myofascial Release
Myofascial what?
Myofascial (my-o-FASH-e-ul) release is a manual therapy technique used in massage. Self-myofascial release means you do it yourself.
Basically, you apply gentle sustained pressure into your muscles and connective tissue to stop pain and restore motion. The pressure relaxes the muscle and improves blood and lymphatic circulation. This relieves tightness and knots. It also stimulates the stretch reflex in the muscle.
Genuine Myofascial massage must include movement (stretching) and pressure (compression band + trigger points) to release the trouble from your muscles. The CTM Band let's you put a trigger point on the tight spot, then apply compression and stretch.
The result? Pain relief and faster muscle recovery.
CTM Band Versus Other Recovery Tools
CTM Band Therapy is more than a compression band or a pressure point. Why? Because it combines compression plus tension plus movement for true Myofascial massage.
Foam rollers, balls, and massage sticks give you pressure and movement, but no compression. Floss bands give you compression and movement, but no pressure.
If you want to remove accumulated adhesions from your fascia (and you do!), you need compression and movement while you apply pressure.
The CTM Band is the only recovery tool that uses all three essential elements. That means you don't have to use multiple recovery tools to relieve your muscle soreness. You can speed up recovery with one tool that's easy to take to races, the gym or on a racecation.
My Experience with the CTM Band
I was using several types of recovery tools: a foam roller, trigger point balls, and a floss band. Each tool helped, but I needed all three to take care of everything.
My foam roller does a great job of working out tight spots on my back, thighs and shins. But, there are some muscles it will never reach. The roller is stiff and doesn't adapt.
I had a spot on my right calf that bothered me for months. I could loosen it with my foam roller, but it kept coming back. Now, I wrap it with the 4 trigger points and stretch before every run. Problem solved.
I can wrap my knee or ankle and stretch with the CTM Band. I can get that tight spot on my shoulder or bicep, or the bottom of my foot. I even wrapped the CTM Band around my waist with the trigger points on my lower back one day. It worked on my achey muscles.
I was satisfied with my compression band until I used the CTM Band with the trigger points. The trigger point balls let me pinpoint the tight spots. I got results faster with the CTM Band than a standard compression band.
Next, I tried the CTM Band on my feet. I used two of the four trigger points on the bottom of my foot, wrapped it with the band, and stretched back and forth. It felt really good. The compression and the trigger points hit the spot. It was much better than rolling my feet on a spiked massage ball.
The CTM Band puts what I need into one recovery tool that's easy to carry. I can take it to the gym, a race, or outside to stretch in the sunshine. I even use it while I'm a passenger in a car. That's a win for me.
CTM Band Relieves Runner Aches and Pains
The CTM Band works on lots of runner problems. I suggest you visit the CTM website to watch the videos on the correct way to use the band.
If you suffer from any of the following issues, the CTM Band can help you recover.
You also can watch explainer videos on the CTM Band YouTube Channel.
Pre-Workout Stretches and Warm Up
Have you ever had a tight spot BEFORE a run? I have. I used to stretch a bit and hope it would work itself out by mile 2 or 3.
Now, I'm using the CTM Band before my workouts with good results. I wear it while I go through my stretches. It makes my muscles feel relaxed and ready to run.
The CTM Band is a wonderful recovery tool, but it also works when you use it during your dynamic warmup.
Save 20% with Discount Code "CTMBIBRAVE"
The CTM Band costs $40. I feel it's worth it — I use mine every day. Plus, it has a lifetime guarantee. If you hurry, you can save 20% with my discount code: CTMBIBRAVE.
FYI: The CTM band is 4 inches wide by 7 feet long — plenty of band to wrap those muscles. It has a maximum stretch of 150%. You can order your band here. I hope you will!
#CTMBand #DiscountCode #PromoCode #CTMBIBRAVE #CTMBandBR #BibChat #BibRavePro #MyofascialRelease #CompressionBand #Flossing #SelfMyofascialRelease #DOMS #DelayedOnsetMuscleSoreness #RunnerProbs #ITBandSyndrome #ITBand #ShinSplints #RunnerPain
What is Plogging?
Have you heard about Plogging? There's been a lot of it going around here lately in celebration of Earth Day. Yet, it's a great idea any time of year.
The word "Plogging" is a combination of "jogging" and "plocka upp," a Swedish term for picking up. It refers to stopping to pick up trash while you run. It's a nice way to reduce litter and show appreciation for the places where we run and walk outside.
Plogging Started in Sweden
People have been plogging in European countries for a while. Now, the idea is getting popular with U.S. runners. The first Facebook group, Plogga, showed up in January 2017. You can find dedicated Ploggers on Instagram, too. My favorite is Plastic_SolutionPollution.
All you need to plog is a place to put the trash you find. Take a grocery bag or a garbage bag. You may want to bring a pair of gloves. If you want to plog in a group, look for local activities organized by Keep America Beautiful.
Plogging on Trails vs City Streets
I spotted trash out on the trails the other day. Not cool, hikers. Not cool. Since I was wearing my FlipBelt Crops (of course!) I realized they were perfect for plogging.
It was easy to grab food wrappers and bottle caps and put them in my pockets. I decided next time I'd stash a bag and gloves in my FlipBelt Crops for a serious plogging session.
I think plogging works best on trails, or less busy suburban routes. You're able to run and pick up trash. If you're on city streets with heavy pedestrian traffic, it's more challenging. In most cities, it's lots of picking up and little running.
I've read about running groups that run first, then take 20-30 minutes afterwards to pick up trash. That's certainly an easier way to plog in the city.
Plogging Can Be a Workout
Some runners like to run a route once with an eye out for trash, then repeat the course to pick it up. I use this method when I run around a nearby lake.
However you plog, it's good for the environment, and adds stretching and squatting to your workout. In fact, the Swedish fitness app Lifesum, lists plogging as a fitness activity. If you're wondering, it burns 288 calories in 30 minutes.
Disclaimer: I received a pair of FlipBelt Crops to review as part of being a BibRave Pro. Learn more about becoming a BibRave Pro (ambassador), and check out BibRave.com to review, find and write race reviews!
SAVE 25% on Your Own Pair of FlipBelt Crops
Use the code: "BIBRAVE" when you order online and SAVE a whopping 25% on your own pair of crops. Visit FlipBelt.com right now to get yours.
You can read my reviews of FlipBelt Crops here and here.
#Plogging #Ploga #Plog #PickUpTrash #FlipBeltBR #FlipBelt #FlipBeltCrops #EarthDay #Conservation #Environment #BibRavePro #BibChat #KeepAmericaBeautiful #RunStPete #RunTampa #RunSarasota #RunTampaBay #KAB #ArborDay
I'm kinda in love with these! Here's why:
SAVE 25% on Your Own Pair of Crops
Use the code: "BIBRAVE" when you order online and SAVE a whopping 25% on your own pair of crops. Visit FlipBelt.com right now to get yours.
Disclaimer: I received a pair of FlipBelt Crops to review as part of being a BibRave Pro. Learn more about becoming a BibRave Pro (ambassador), and check out BibRave.com to review, find and write race reviews!
#FlipBeltBR #FlipBeltCrops #FlipBelt #BibChat #BibRavePro #DiscountCode #PromoCode #SaveOnFlipBeltCrops
Copyright ThisOldRunner.com
Hey there,
This is where you'll find me writing instead of running. (But, you know I'll be writing about running, right?)
SAVE 10% on Any BDR in Any City with
#BDR #DiscountCode
2020 BDR Schedule
Feb. 1-2: Safety Harbor
Feb. 15: Orlando
Feb. 29: Savannah
Mar. 22: New Orleans
Visit Race Discounts for more details. #BDR
Upcoming Races:
June 20, 2019
Meet This Old Runner
Contact Us
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Remember, I am not a running coach. I don't even play one on TV. Please ask your doctor or professional for advice specific to your body.
I just want to share what has worked for me. It's my hope that this website informs and inspires so you can enjoy an active, healthy and happy lifestyle.
Please feel free to contact me by email or social media with any questions or concerns.
Copyright © 2016-2019 This Old Runner. All Rights Reserved. St. Petersburg, FL 33701
Disclosure: My posts may contain affiliate links. If you buy something through one of those links you won't pay a penny more, but we may get a small commission.


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Directory Listings
East Tennessee Doulas Visit Website
Knoxville, TN 865-315-8548 email@example.com
Pregnancy, birth, and the transition into parenthood are often described as a wonderful but fleeting time of great change for new parents. But they can be overwhelming, too! You are trying to become a parent, as well as renegotiate new roles with partners, parents, or other children. Your mind and body undergo a huge shift and it is often hard to know what is normal. These can be a lot to deal with alone! As doulas, we are here to help you through this transition! Still unsure? Contact us if you need one-on-one support to figure out which of our services would be the best fit for your family.


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Customer Ratings & Reviews
Klipsch - Reference Premiere 6-1/2" 400-Watt Passive 2-Way Speakers (Pair) - Cherry
Model: RP-160MSKU: 5708504
Customer image gallery
Customer ratings & reviews
Page 1, showing
Nice looking setPosted
Hooked these up with a center channel and subwoofer, also Klipsch. Right size for my stereo setup. So far so good after using for about a months time.
I would recommend this to a friend
Very nicePosted
Really solid speaker. Great sensitivity so easy to drive. Went w svs ultra instead. No complains tho!
I would recommend this to a friend


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Job Title: Security Engineer
Duration: Full Time, Permanent
Location: Remote, Client in Foster City, CA
Acting as a Network and Security Engineer with customers, the sales department and vendors to provide technical expertise in analyzing customers requirements and
implementing security solutions.
Assisting Professional Services team on new and existing network and security projects, relating to Check Point, Palo Alto Networks, Bluecoat and F5 solutions
Solving complex problems in a methodological manner in customer's environments involving network and network security related issues
Participating in customer meetings, requirements gathering, solution design and implementation
Fulfilling a trusted advisor role, education of product capabilities and engaging in other professional services as necessary
Demonstrating senior-level security skills in a customer facing environment.
Deploying security driven products to customers and manage the full life cycle of deployment from planning to completion
Working with the customers to ensure they are properly trained and leveraging the solution and achieving success
Willing to attain certification in Blue Coat, Check Point, Palo Alto Networks, Juniper, Aruba, and Cisco.
Other duties and functions that are needed or requested on an on-going basis.
Thank you,
SAT Delivery Team


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United States
Camp Inn Lodge
Camp Inn Lodge
3111 North Us 23
Oscoda Michigan United States
Rated 79 / 100 based on 29 customer reviews.
The quality of service and hospitality at Camp Inn Lodge has been identified as outstanding based on consistently high customer review ratings.
The customer review score on Gohotels is calculated using a proprietary algorithm to determine an overall customer rating between 0 and 100. Multiple factors such as cleanliness, facilities, location and service are considered.
Properties with a customer review score in excess of 75 / 100 are presented with an Outstanding Service Award.
Camp Inn Lodge has achieved a score of 79 / 100 based on 29 customer reviews and has therefore qualified to receive an Outstanding Service Award from Go Hotels.
If you own or represent this business click click
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Just 2 minutes' walk from the shores of Lake Huron, this Oscoda, Michigan resort features an indoor pool with waterslides and an on-site restaurant. Free WiFi access is available in this resort.
A flat-screen cable TV is provided in every air-conditioned accommodation at Camp Inn Lodge. All rooms offer a microwave, fridge, and coffeemaker. Villas feature a full kitchen and views of the lake.
The Camp Inn Lodge Restaurant offers a daily continental breakfast. Guests can enjoy chargrilled burgers and other American classics for lunch and dinner at an additional charge.
Guests of Lodge Camp Inn will have access to a private beach area and a sauna. An array of activities can be enjoyed on site or in the surroundings, including golfing and cycling. The property offers free parking.
The Au Sable River is 0.6 miles away. Oscada-Wurtsmith Airport can be reached in 10 minutes' drive.
Facilities @ Camp Inn Lodge include:
Private beach
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