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Li Huaping Indictment
Published: July 10, 2014
Li Huaping (李化平), known online as "Norwegian Wood" (挪威森林), is a dissident and activist based in Shanghai. A key figure in the New Citizens Movement, he was arrested in August, 2013, charged with "gathering a crowd to disrupt order in a public place." Trial of Li Huaping is expected soon. — The editor
Hefei Municipality Shushan District People's Procuratorate
Shu Procuratorate criminal indict. (2014) No. 152
Defendant Li Huaping, male, born September 6, 1966, ID number: 51010219660906****, ethnic Han, originally from Lianyuan municipality, Hunan Province, undergraduate university education level, freelancer, home address [redacted by translators] Wuchuan Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, place of household registration: [redacted by translators], Hetang District, Zhuzhou Municipality, Hunan Province. Defendant Li Huaping was criminally detained on August 12, 2013, by Hefei Municipal Public Security Bureau Shushan Branch on suspicion of gathering a crowd to disrupt order in a public place. On September 18, 2013, this Procuratorate approved the arrest of the defendant and the arrest was carried out by Hefei Municipal Public Security Bureau Shushan Branch.
The Hefei Municipal Public Security Bureau Shushan Branch conducted and completed an investigation on this case, and transferred it to this Procuratorate on November 18, 2013, for review for the indictment of defendant Li Huaping on suspicion of the crime of gathering a crowd to disrupt order in a public place. Upon receiving the filing, this Procuratorate notified the defendant on November 19, 2013, of his right todefense, interrogated the defendant in accordance with the law, and reviewed all the materials of this case. During this process, [the case] was sent back to the investigating organ twice for supplementary investigations, and the time period for reviewing and deciding on an indictment was extended two times.
Investigation in accordance with the law has ascertained:
On the morning of April 8, 2013, after learning about the matter with Zhang XX's school enrollment (Zhang XX did not meet the requirement for enrolling in the nearest elementary school), defendant Li Huaping, in collusion with Tang Chunsheng (dealt with in a separate case), Zhang Lin (dealt with in a separate case) and 20 or so others met in Hefei where they went to Hupo Elementary School to discuss the enrollment of Zhang XX. Li Huaping and others gathered next to Hupo Elementary School where they unfurled banners, shot videos, gave speeches, took photos and posted them online, causing people to gather and watch. Pushing and pulling, they also engaged in a lengthy argument with the police officers on duty who had rushed to the site to persuade them to leave, and they refused to leave. At noon on the same day, Li Huaping, Tan Chunsheng, Zhang Lin and others returned to the guesthouse where they were staying to continue discussions of their activities. Li Huaping suggested that they continue to gather by Hupo Elementary School in the afternoon. In the afternoon, Li Huaping, Tan Chunsheng, Zhang Lin and 20 or so others again met at Hupo Elementary School where they unfurled banners, and displayed and shouted slogans to create impact.
Between April 9 and 10, defendant Li Huaping again invited and gathered Chen Yunfei, Gao Rongli, Cai Jiatao and others to unfurl banners insulting to the police in front of Hefei Municipal Public Security Bureau and Anhui Province Public Security Department, both of which are located on thoroughfares, and posted photos online. They also set up tents in front of the provincial Public Security Department and spent a night there in order to create impact. The actions of defendant Li Huaping and others caused many people to gather and watch. During the course of the incident, police officers on duty rushed to the site in front of the provincial Public Security Department, asking Li Huaping and the others to disperse and leave immediately. Li Huaping and the others refused to leave.
On the early evening of April 10, defendant Li Huaping came to where the municipal government plaza once was along with Chen Yunfei and Huang Yi. Li Huaping called others to join them as soon as they could and organized a "Send Zhang XX to School" candle light prayer session. Defendant Li Huaping organized and directed on the site and gave speeches. More than thirty people attended the session which attracted many others to gather and watch.
On April 11 and 12, to amplify the social impact of the event, defendant Li Huaping participated in a 24-hour hunger strike relay next to Hupo Elementary School.
On August 10, 2013, defendant Li Huaping was apprehended by the public security organ.
The evidence affirming the facts stated above is as follows:1. the course of apprehension, explanation of the circumstances, police call record, and other documentary evidence; 2. witness statements by Zhang Lin, Tan Chunsheng and others; 3. defendant Li Huaping's statement; 4. the electronic physical evidence inspection report provided by Hefei Municipal Public Security Bureau's Electronic Testing Center; 5. On-site investigation, inspection, search reports produced by Hefei Municipal Public Security Bureau Shushan Branch; 6. Video and audio materials, and electronic data.
This Procuratorate believes that defendants Li Huaping organized and plotted to have others gather in public places where they carried out a series of behaviors that disrupted order in these public places, gathered a crowd to disrupt order in public places in a serious manner, thereby violating Article 291 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China. The criminal facts are clear, the evidence is credible and sufficient, and [the defendant] should be subjected to criminal prosecution for gathering crowds to disrupt order in public places. In accordance with Article 172 of the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, we hereby indict [the defendant] and ask [the court] to sentence him in accordance with the law.
Sincerely submitted to:
Hefei Municipality Shushan District People's Court
Hefei Municipality Shushan District People's Procuratorate (seal)
Prosecutors: Wang Weimin, Dai Wenjun
May 5, 2014
- Defendant Li Huaping is currently detained in Hefei Municipal First Detention Center.
- There are a total of 6 volumes of files and 8 compact discs.
A Chinese Dissident Makes Demands of Xi Jinping, by Li Huaping
(Translated by China Change)
Ten-Year Old Girl Appeals for Help from China's First Lady
In my recent blog "Lock Up and Lock Down" about crackdowns on dissidents and activists during the Two Meetings, I mentioned an incident about a ten-year-old girl whose father is a dissident in Hefei, Anhui (安徽合肥):
"In a particularly egregious episode of this year's clamping down on dissidents, on February 27 in Hefei, Anhui (安徽合肥), four men kidnapped Zhang Anni (张安妮), the 10-year-old daughter of Zhang Lin (张林), after the school let out, and took her to the local police station. There she was detained for 20 hours without being given food or water, or even a blanket to stay warm. Later, the police also searched Zhang Lin's home, taking away his computer, cell phone, cash, and other important necessities. The father and daughter have since been deported to Bengpu (蚌埠) where Anni, scared and refusing to talk for days, has no school to go for the time being.
"A Tsinghua-trained nuclear physicist, Zhang Lin is a veteran dissident who has served three prison terms since the 1980s, totaling 13 years."
Anni (安妮) still has not been able to go back to school. Before the Two Meetings, Zhang Lin lived in Hefei where Anni went to Hupo Elementary School (琥珀小学) and Anni's older sister attends college in the same city. For Zhang Lin, a single father now (I believe), Hefei is where he wants to live to be close to both children, but he has been repeatedly forced out of the city and back to Bengbu (安徽蚌埠), his hometown. For Anni, she has made it clear to her dad that she wants to go back to Hupo ES because "there are only 23 kids in my class!" (the typical class size in China is twice as big.)
Monday, in an action called "Sending Anni Back to School," 40 some lawyers and netizens from across China arrived in Hefei to protest on behalf of Anni, demanding that the child be allowed to resume school in Hupo ES. The school's representative came out on Monday telling the father to go to the "relevant organ" to get a guarantee that the child will never be taken away from school by unidentified people. Today the school said that Zhang Anni does not meet the requirements for enrollment.
The crowd protested in front of various government sites in Hefei, including the Public Security Bureau and the Education Bureau, but no one has come out to speak to them except for scores of plain clothes and uniformed policemen watching over the crowd, videoing taping them, getting into a couple of scuffles with them, and taking some to police stations to interrogate.
Having no place to turn, Anni wrote a letter today to Peng Liyuan, China's first lady, appealing for help:
"Grandma Peng, how do you do? I'm a student at Hupo Elementary School in Hefei, Anhui. I'm ten years old. In the afternoon on February 27 this year, several policemen came to my school and took me away. A few days ago, many uncles and aunties who are concerned about me wanted to send me back to school, but the teachers in my school won't let me. Grandma Peng, I really want to go back to school. Please, can you and Grandpa Xi tell uncle policemen and the teachers to let me go back? Zhang Anni, April 10, 2013."
The letter is a hot topic on Tencent Weibo and has been re-posted many times.
Will Grandma Peng hear Anni and help her out? We shall see. Meanwhile, I'll let out a deep sigh: China Dream.
Sources: http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/renquanfazhi/sy1-04102013105356.html
Related reading: One Step Further in China's Persecution of Dissidents' Family Members
Sheng Shuren: A Journalist in New China – Part 4
By Yaxue Cao, published: June 28, 2012
I almost forgot; I had been to Shanghai before. It was the Chinese New Year of 1990, I decided spontaneously to go to a friend's home to spend the holidays. On New Year's Eve, I boarded an airplane in Guangzhou, and landed, several hours later, at Hongqiao Airport in Shanghai. From the airport, I took a taxi to the Shanghai Train Station. I remember it was dusk, the sky overcast, the air chilling beyond a northerner's assumption of Shanghai. There was not a soul on the streets. I don't know why, but right at this moment, I am thinking about six o'clock. Two clicks away now, I know the trip is sixteen kilometers long, and passes a zoo, at least one movie theater, the Sun Yat-sen Park that every major Chinese city has, and streets that once had names like Jernigan Road and Edinburgh Road. But I was either dozing off or lost in wandering thoughts in the taxi, for all I can recall of Shanghai are a section of a gray wall and a few buildings whose shapes are as illusory as objects in a dream. At the train station, I boarded the train, according to my friend's instructions, to go to my destination, Hefei.
My friend lived on a university campus where all the students were gone for the holidays and, blanked under a new snow, silence reigned. After the lunar New Year's Day, I walked on the streets of Hefei. Even though I had never been to that city before, or anywhere near it for that matter, everything seemed familiar to me, the streets, the buildings, the shops, and the people; the wintry bareness and the muddy slush underfoot. It was just like my hometown, or thousands of other Chinese towns. It was China. To my ears, the first winter after the summer of '89 was as silent as death, the roar of bulldozers and dump trucks were yet to arrive, and I was preparing to leave the country. I had always known the path I could take would be narrow, but I didn't know I would be up against the wall in only a few short years after college. About the place I was planning to go I had not the faintest idea and, therefore, no fantasy of it to speak of; the only thing I knew for certain was I had to go, anywhere I could. The year after, I left China and came to the United States.
In the following days, I talked to Mr. Sheng via telephone and email. I learned that, when his brother was arrested the second time in the north, he was a student of astronomy in Nanjing University with a focus on celestial mechanics. I asked how he would describe celestial mechanics to a layman like me, he said, "It is the mathematics dealing with the motion of the three bodies—the Sun, the Earth and the Moon." I said I still couldn't imagine what mathematics that would be, but I liked the words the sun, the earth and the moon. He said, the broader question was the "n-body problem," or, to predict the motion of celestial objects under mutual gravitation. It was a problem unsolved for the past three hundred years, said Mr. Sheng, and probably wouldn't be in another three hundred years, but I was determined to do just that! He chuckled in self-mockery, but I was very much affected by the young mathematician's ardor. Mr. Sheng escaped the cataclysm that had befallen millions of China's educated class, university students included, during the Anti-rightist Campaign in 1957, but it stoked fear in him as he came to the realization that everything about him, his family background, his disgraced brother and his own education, could be a liability. He said he woke up every morning not knowing what the day would bring and went to bed every night worrying about what awaited him tomorrow. He was one of the top students but not selected to join the faculty of Nanjing University, nor for graduate study. He was assigned to a teaching job at Anhui University in Hefei and has stayed ever since.
I told Mr. Sheng about my trip in early 1990 that took me to Shanghai and Hefei, two places I have come to associate with through writing this story. I learned from Mr. Sheng, not without a small sense of wonder, that the Shengs' in Shanghai was only a short walk from the train station except that, at that time, their home at No. 426 Lane, N. Jiangxi Road, had long been empty. At the Mathematics Department of Anhui University, Mr. Sheng found a certain solace and security in pure mathematics. After the ten-year Cultural Revolution, in the early 1980s, he passed the selection exams for faculty studying abroad. He studied and researched in the Université de Strasbourg in France and the Universitat de Barcelona in Spain for three years. I asked Mr. Sheng when he had learned French, and he told me he started in his boyhood when attending the affiliated secondary school of the Université l'Aurore, a French Jesuit institution in Shanghai before the communist liberation, and later in the famed Li Da Institute. In college and later on, he read mathematical literature in French that he could get a hold of. For the first seven years of the 1970s, when he and some of his colleagues, including his department chair, were sent away to the countryside on the bank of Yangtzi River, he worked in the fields, coached a basketball team on loan to the county's Sport Committee, and took part in the Peasants' Propaganda Team.
And he also kept up with his mathematics. For entertainment, he tried his hand at translating French literary classics that he had bought from the Foreign Language Book Store in Shanghai published by the Russians for language learning purposes. Carmen, Colomba and Ninety-three were some of the titles he ventured into. With The Lady of the Camellias, he did the novel as well as the play. He enjoyed it a lot, sharing his translations with his old school mates in secret. When I asked about his life in retirement, he said reading, writing and playing basketball. Since retirement, he has published a dozen or so papers and written two books, one was Mathematics in the Social Disciplines that had been printed twice and sold out twice; the other is Geometry of Election that he hopes would be published soon. I said jokingly, from the titles of your books, it seemed that you had turned from the celestial to the earthly.
When Sheng Shuren returned to the Xinhua News Agency in 1956, he went alone. He was thirty-six years old, father of four, the youngest a newborn. His wife, a head nurse at a children's hospital, had not wanted to move to Beijing the first time and, with the two years in Beijing ending the way they did, she wouldn't go this time. At Xinhua, Sheng Shuren resumed his old job of translating foreign media. There is no way to retrieve the products of his work except for three articles in his name in Journalistic Practices, a monthly published by the Xinhua News Agency, in 1957. Two of them are translations, one is his own writing. Both translations are from Russian, one describing "the Central Home for Journalists" in Moscow, how it was "a place for all journalists to engage in creative activities." Another relates how, during what it calls "the Hungarian Incident" broken out on October 23, 1956, "political adventurists" (they become "gangsters" and then "an anti-revolutionary group" as the article progresses) occupied media apparatuses and controlled newspapers and journals, and how, after the invasion of the Soviet Union, to which the article avoids making direct reference, Hungarian newspapers were printed more beautifully and, more importantly, how freedom of the press was better serving the interest of the people and socialism without falling into the hands of the enemies of the people and freedom. His translation is smooth, unfolding with clarity when there are multiple modifiers. But what is more telling is probably the unhurried tone with which he writes. When I mentioned his translation from Russian to Mr. Sheng, he was very surprised because he had no idea his brother knew Russian, but he obviously did.
Sheng Shuren's own piece appeared in the September issue, and the title, when I first saw it, almost made me jump: The Headquarters of American Fabrications and Intelligence—the U.S. Information Agency. In the few hundred words that followed, he presented USIA from its budget, setup to its operations, using the same composed language and with the same clarity, except here and there, words like "flagrant", "fabrication" would stick out like thorns from an otherwise smooth surface. Then, in the very last sentence, also the concluding paragraph, the tone rises sharply and the language turns into the kind of abusive language that I saw everyday in newspapers when I grew up and still is the standard language of China's state media to threat, to vent and to express displeasure. "It is therefore clear that the USIA is a spy agency that robs over a hundred million dollars from the American people each year to engage in fabricating lies and collecting intelligence." He might have written this himself, or the editor did. In any case, he had to learn to talk like this in the Xinhua News Agency. For a man with a liberal arts education like he had, it had to be a steep remaking of himself even just linguistically. If this article tells anything at all, it shows he still had a long way to go to adjust.
In March 1958, Sheng Shuren and Uncle Erning, part of a large group of Xinhua personnel, were sent to Xushui, a county some 200 kilometers away from Beijing in Hebei Province, to help the Great Leap Forward campaign there. Xushui at the time was a national model of the Great Leap Forward promoted by the Central Committee of the Party, and universities and cultural institutions in Beijing, Xinhua included, had been sending their people to participate in this great leap forward to a communist society. In the previous winter, the impoverished county with a population of 300,000 had built more than two hundred reservoirs in response to the call for water management from the Center in Beijing, declaring that, for the first time in history, the county had once and for all eliminated both flood and draught. Literature about the Great Leap Forward in Xushui abounds, and from it I learned people in Xushui lived the life of the People's Commune, eating together in the Communes' canteens and marching with their hoes and baskets in military formation to the fields. They worked twenty-four hours a day in three shifts. The earth was dug as deep as three feet in order to use more fertilizer for higher yield; and grain was planted in improbable density to create agricultural miracles. I also learned that factories sprung up like bamboo shoots, and, overnight, each commune and each village claimed to have dozens of them. By the time the Steel and Iron Production Campaign peaked, "every household built a furnace and everyone was participating." Xushui dared itself to open up universities, and lo and behold, it announced the establishment of 101 universities one day in July. Xushui also had a "Committee for the Movement of Writing" that covered the streets and walls with poems singing the praises of life in the People's Communes and pictures in which farmers picked cotton on ladders, tall silos pierced through clouds, and pigs, as big as cows, were bursting their sties.
If all this does not sound busy and tiring enough, study sessions and debates were held frequently. For study, there was the People's Daily that sent the Center's directives everyday. But what was to debate? People—whoever expressed any doubt about the Great Leap Forward and whoever was perceived as being halfhearted or lazy were the objects of the debate. According to documentation, the debatees were encircled, "shoved and pushed…until they were bruised and dizzy, kowtouing to admit they were wrong." The debates were indeed effective, and, according to a piece in the People's Daily on April 17, 1958, that promoted Xushui's practices, "before the debates, 1,400 workers only dug 300 meters of irrigation channel in 14 days; after the debates, 1,000 workers dug 500 meters in 3 days." In July that year, the Party mounted a nationwide campaign called "Bare Your Heart to the Party" and everyone in the Xinhua group was required to describe his or her thoughts and actions during the recent Anti-Rightist Campaign and the Rectification Campaign. During the Purge of Anti-revolutionary Within Campaign in 1955, Uncle Erning, a young man in his twenties, had been reviewed for the uncompleted drafts of poems and stories that he had scribbled during the post-Korean war days when he was still stationed in North Korea as a war correspondent for the Xinhua News Agency, and conclusions had been made that "the ideas behind his works are reactionary and his own thoughts backward." Now, asked to speak his mind to the Party, he hesitated. He was scared, "knowing that …the consequences will be serious." Yet he didn't want to hide it from the Party, "feeling that it would constitute unloyalty and dishonesty to the Party and therefore a crime." So he bared himself: "I am still unable to accept the conclusions made about me by the Agency, but I am willing to be tested by the Party for as long as needed, reform myself and prove myself through my actions." Days after that, Uncle Erning was arrested without warning during an often-held mass gathering of ten thousand people. He was dumbfounded, for he had no idea why they were arresting him (he had committed no crime) and how, in a matter of days, he had been incriminated a step higher to "a reactionary" and expelled from his job at Xinhua. Three hundred people were arrested on the same occasion, including Sheng Shuren. Now I know that, Xushui had newly built three labor camps that year and a local leader had ordered, "Each camp needs 1,000 workers, hurry up to arrest people and send them to the camps." Within a few months, more than four thousand people had been arrested in the same manner in Xushui.
Uncle Erning and Sheng Shuren were sent to the August First Camp to receive their "education through hard labor." Behind the barbed wire enclosing the Camp, they were organized, just as people outside, to create "Satellite Fields"—fields that would have such unheard-of high yield that it would be like launching a satellite. They dug, composted, moved rocks, and made cotton-padded shoes in the winter for perhaps the army. Outside the barbed wire, Xushui was becoming the center of attention in all China. Waves of visitors, from leaders of the country to the leaders of the provinces to the generals of the Republic, from the Congress of People's Representatives to members of the People's Consultation Committee, from scientist to literary figures, from foreign diplomats to friendly foreign news reporters, swarmed the place to witness the spectacular new look of a communist county. The People's Daily touted that "the People's Communes in Xushui will bring their members, in the near future, to the most wonderful arcadia in human history, that is, the free kingdom where 'everyone does his best and takes whatever he needs.'" The frenzy peaked in August 4, 1958, when Mao Zedong visited a village in Xushui, only a few miles from the Camp where Sheng Shuren and Uncle Erning were confined. Local officials answered the Great Leader's questions and briefed him about their goals: 10,000 kilos of millet and 500,000 kilos of potato per mu (about 0.16 acre), so on and so forth. "How are you going to eat that much food? What are you going to do with it?" Mao asked. When the officials conceded that they had not thought about that, Mao laughed and continued, "It's certainly good to have a lot of food. The state doesn't want it, others don't need it, and the farmers can eat five meals a day!" We all know what followed was not the question of eating three meals or five meals a day, but a famine that lasted for a few years, resulted in the death of millions, and was labeled "the three-year natural disaster" by the official history book. In Xushui, the famine started as early as in 1959, people left en mass to search for food, and the government set up barriers and checkpoints on roads to stop them from leaving. At the end of 1960, the August First Camp was disbanded, and Uncle Erning and Sheng Shuren, greenish and edematous, were dismissed and told to go back to their respective hometown.
I must add now that, while Uncle Erning was in the camp, in Beijing, meetings were held to criticize and "educate" his young wife, my aunt, who was given the choice of being associated with a reactionary or "drawing a line" between him and her. She had been expelled from the Youth League for dragging her feet. Finally she wrote a letter to Erning in the Camp, telling him she had signed the divorce certificate which was brought to her by two men, all filled out and dated already, bearing the name and the seal of the People's Court. The couple then had only been married for eleven months.
An Epidemic in Lu Chow Fu – A glimpse of mission work in 1900's China
I've been working on transcribing the diary of a missionary doctor who lived in Hefei (then called Lu Chow Fu) around the turn of the century. This passage, written by the doctor's wife, struck me as particularly interesting for several reasons. Firstly, by the sheer number of people the doctor and his two assistants were able to treat in a year, and secondly by the fact that malaria had been such a major concern in central China. Last year there were only 24 deaths from the disease, and it has been eradicated in Hefei, this is a noteworthy achievement that is rarely mentioned. According to Wikipedia, the population of Hefei in 1930 was ~30,000. The following entry gives us an interesting glimpse of both the period, and the work done by missionaries in China.
While his surgical work alone was enough for one man with his surroundings, it constituted a very small part of his work. For every operation there were hundreds he treated medically. All sorts of diseases came to him, but malaria was the most common. Ordinarily this trouble was very easy to treat for it usually yielded to a few doses of quinine and did not give cause for much uneasiness.
One year (1907), though, while we were still in the mountains, word came to us that a dreadful malady had seized the people of Lu Chow Fu. Deaths were occurring on every hand. The fields were left unreaped because the well ones were all occupied in caring for the sick. Coffins could not be made fast enough to carry out the dead.
The Doctor hastened us all down that he might be there to see what he could do. He studied the trouble with microscope and found it to be a most virulent type of malaria. He went to the homes where he was called. Often he found the patient unconscious and had been for several days. Everything would be in readiness for the burial. The funeral clothes even already put on. Doctor would inject quinine hypodermically and leave. The next day he would call to see the patient and find him conscious and able to sit up. Though he might not be asked to come again by the friends, he went again and again of his own accord, without charging for his visit. So interested was he that he wanted to see his cases clear through until they were entirely recovered.
These words quoted from a written report by him show us his great concern, "Some of the cases were very sad, many having been starved by the native doctors till, when the disease ceased of itself, or was arrested by treatment, they were too weak to assimilate food and recuperate. One Chinese doctor of good reputation, who was the only support a large family died in this way. He had tasted no food for forty days."
Well do I remember that busy year. Night and day, he was called out to save the dying. He became so tired, I felt quite alarmed. I expressed my fears to him. He said to me, "don't worry, it will not always be this way. I will get a chance to rest after awhile." So tired and so much in need of rest was he, that I would get up and answer the call. If it was an opium suicide (overdose), I would not awaken him, but ask the assistant to attend to the case. He had instructed the assistant to call him always, no matter what the case might be. They were trained however, to save opium cases and it was not necessary for himself to go. One night the assistant came to inform him of such a case, Doctor gave the usual orders and returned to his bed. The next morning the fee was handed to him. He was surprised and asked what it meant. He was told it was for the case in the night. He had no recollection of such a case, and would not believe it until I verified the statement. He had been so tired he had not realized he had arisen and given the orders.
The visits he made this year numbered between eleven and twelve hundred with thirty-three thousand treatments having been administered at the clinic held daily except on Sunday. Some days there were three hundred fifty. To be sure he could not see all of these himself. He had two trained assistants who saw them as he would, and they were rushed almost to death. They put their shoulders bravely to the wheel and bore their share of the burden willingly. It was these two men who took care of the hospital work the year we went to America on furlough. They ran a large clinic and collected a creditable sum of money. The sick were cared for, which was a source of satisfaction to us while we were absent.


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Autorickshaw drivers don't use e-meters, choosy about fares
COMMUTERS HELPLESS Left with no option, residents are forced to give in to their demands; complain that autos are rarely parked at designated stands
NAVI MUMBAI: Despite repeated crackdowns against errant autorickshaw drivers by the regional transport office (RTO) in Vashi, they continue to refuse to run by the electronic meter and decline fares as per their whims.
Many commuters have complained that travelling to any area near Palm Beach road is a nightmare as it is impossible to find an auto that will ply by meter.
Although almost 90% of autos in Navi Mumbai have e-meters installed, very rarely do they agree to use it. Further, it is common for them to refuse fares to Palm Beach road, Nerul, Sanpada and Seawoods.
"We almost never get commuters for our return journey from Palm Beach road, hence we demand extra money from the passenger. If we ply by the meter to these areas, we will run huge losses," said an auto driver from Vashi, on the condition of anonymity.
Urging commuters to complain against the highhandedness of auto drivers, the RTO has circulated a toll free number to residents. Here, they can lodge a complaint against an auto driver with specific details such as the registration number, the route on which the fare was refused, if the driver did not use the e-meter, the excess fare charged and the time of the journey.
The situation is equally bad for someone who wants to travel to Seawoods.
"In the rare situation that they agree to travel to Seawoods, auto with electronic meters will still ask for extra money. They say auto drivers from Seawoods don't allow them to pick up passengers and so they have to come back with an empty vehicle," said Swati Mehra, a resident.
"We have to agree to pay the additional amount as there is no alternate option."
Commuters also complained that auto drivers don't park their vehicles at the designated stands, making it very difficult to spot them.
"This not only leads to inconvenience to commuters, but also traffic snarls," said K Iyer, a Kopar Khaine resident.


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Central veins of liver
Jump to navigation Jump to search
|Central veins of liver
A single lobule of the liver of a pig. X 60. (Central vein not labeled, though region is visible. Central vein would be a single vein at the center of the lobule. See external links for clearer and more modern representations.)
human central vein
|Drains from
|liver sinusoid
|Drains to
|hepatic veins
|venae centrales hepatis
|Anatomical terminology
The central veins of liver (or central venules)[1] are veins found at the center of hepatic lobules (one vein at each lobule center).
They receive the blood mixed in the liver sinusoids and return it to circulation via the hepatic veins.[2]
The Circulation of venous blood is: Portal vein (which is formed by the joining of the superior mesenteric vein with the splenic vein) drains into the sinusoids of the liver, these all drain into the central veins of liver which drain into the hepatic vein to be returned to IVC.
- ^ Anatomy photo: digestive/mammal/liver3/liver2 - Comparative Organology at University of California, Davis
- ^ "central veins of liver" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
External links[edit]
- Histology image: 15505loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
- Histology at okstate.edu
- Histology at ntu.edu.tw
- Diagrams at vanderbilt.edu
|This cardiovascular system article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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Courtesy photo
Paul Aiken / Staff Photographer
Prosecutors on Monday wrapped up their case against Adam Densmore, who is now considering whether he will testify in his own defense as he stands accused of killing and dismembering his ex-girlfriend Ashley Mead.
Densmore, 33, is charged with first-degree murder, tampering with a corpse, abuse of a corpse and tampering with physical evidence in the death and dismemberment of the 25-year-old Mead last year.
Prosecutors rested their case against Densmore on Monday afternoon. His attorney, Kate Herold, called Boulder police Detective Kara Wills to introduce items found in the apartment he shared with Mead — including knives, rugs, a baseball bat and scissors — that did not test positive for blood.
Following that, Boulder District Judge Judith LaBuda dismissed the jury for the day and read Densmore his right to testify or not testify. When asked his decision, Densmore paused and looked at his attorneys before asking for more time to think it over.
"May I think about it for the evening, your honor?" Densmore asked. "It's a very large decision."
LaBuda allowed Densmore the evening to consider his decision. She asked the jury to come back at 1 p.m. Tuesday since the attorneys will be working on jury instructions in the morning.
If Densmore chooses not to testify, attorneys would likely go into closing arguments on Tuesday afternoon.
Mead was last seen in Boulder on Feb. 12, 2017, and was reported missing two days later along with her 1-year-old daughter, Winter Daisy Mead. Densmore and Mead recently had moved to Boulder from Louisiana, and they shared custody of the baby, but were no longer dating.
Police believe Mead was killed at the Boulder apartment she shared with Densmore before he drove her body down to his family home in Louisiana, where he dismembered her.
Densmore was arrested on Feb. 15, 2017, outside Tulsa, Okla., the same day the torso was found in a gas station in Okmulgee, Okla.
The last two witnesses for the prosecution were medical experts who examined Mead's torso — the only body part of Mead's police ever recovered.
Dr. David Arboe, a forensic pathologist in Oklahoma, took the stand Monday to tell the jury what he found in examining Mead's torso, which had been discovered on Feb. 15, 2017, stuffed in a suitcase.
As photos were put up for the jury to see, Arboe said the torso was missing its arms and legs from just bellow the buttocks, and the head and neck had also been severed. Arboe also pointed out a large incision in the front of the torso stretching from the chest area down to the lower abdomen area, and said that most of the organs — including the stomach, intestines, bladder, uterus, kidneys, liver and pancreas — had been removed.
Arboe said that he was not able to determine what killed Mead.
"In this type of case where we don't have the full body, especially very important parts of the body, it's very difficult to determine a cause," Arboe told the jury.
On questioning from Assistant District Attorney Ken Kupfner, Arboe said that there are ways in which a person can be killed that would not result in a large amount of blood loss, such as strangulation, suffocation and blows that resulted in internal damage to the brain and organs. However, Arboe said without the organs, head and neck, he was not able to test for any of those methods.
Arboe did say that he was able to examine parts of the torso and found abrasions and bruises that were inflicted before or right around the time of Mead's death.
Following Arboe, forensic anthropologist Steven Symes testified to examining Mead's bones after the autopsy. Symes said the right shoulder of Mead had extensive damage, with marks from two or three separate tools — a sharp knife or scalpel, a reciprocating saw and a possible third tool that created a smooth cut.
Police recovered a saw on scene with Mead's blood on it, and also found wrappers for disposable scalpels in the car Densmore was driving.
But on the other arm and on Mead's head and two legs, Symes said the dismemberment was much more clean, with only some sharp knife or scalpel injuries observed, as if the right arm was a "learning curve."
Symes said that rather than trying to cut through everything, as was the case with the right arm, the person who dismembered Mead's legs and left arm appeared to have cut away the flesh and then cut the tendons before popping the limb out of the socket.
"It's rather predictable because you have that socket you just have to loosen that up," Symes said. He said it also appeared whoever decapitated Mead was able to use a sharp instrument to sever her spine between the sixth and fifth cervical vertebrae.
Symes added that dismembering Mead may have taken about two to three hours, with each limb taking about 30 minutes.
He also testified that he found cuts on the inside of Mead's pelvis, which he said was consistent with the fact that Mead's lower internal organs had been removed.
Search for more body parts
While no other body parts were found, Boulder police Detective Kara Wills said surveillance video of Densmore throwing what appeared to be a black trash bag into a dumpster in Morrilton, Ark., led police to search a landfill in that area.
After showing the surveillance video of Densmore at the dumpster to a jury, Wills testified on Monday morning that Boulder police were able to track the dump truck that had emptied that gas station's dumpster to a general area of the landfill, where eight to 10 members of the department searched through trash for 10 hours a day, five days a week, for four weeks.
Prosecutors played drone footage of parts of the search, in which an excavator would dump out lines of trash for police officers to search.
"It was hot," Wills said. "It was extremely stinky."
Ultimately, she said, police were unable to find any evidence relevant to the case.
Mitchell Byars: 303-473-1329, email@example.com or twitter.com/mitchellbyars


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Earth Tech
1647 Witt Rd Frisco, Texas 75034(972) 335-5814 Website
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AboutEarth Tech is located at the address 1647 Witt Rd in Frisco, Texas 75034. They can be contacted via phone at (972) 335-5814 for pricing, hours and directions.
For more information go to www.earthtechtexas.com
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Phone: (972) 335-5814
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Internal combustion engine-powered generator sets fueled by natural gas are commanding more attention these days as interest grows in on-site power production equipment that is both efficient and environmentally friendly.
In response to this interest, manufacturers have introduced natural gas engine-powered generator sets that feature lean-burn technology. The combustion is considered lean when excess air is introduced into the engine along with the fuel. This produces two positive effects. First, the excess air reduces the temperature of the combustion process and this reduces the amount of oxides of
1 bar = 14.5 PSI 20 Detonation 18 Operating Window Misfire NOx Efficiency
nitrogen (NOx) produced by nearly half, compared to a conventional natural gas engine. Second, since there is also excess oxygen available, the combustion process is more efficient and more power is produced from the same amount of fuel.
Combustion process
Any air/fuel reaction requires an energy source to initiate combustion. In natural gas engines, the spark plug performs this function. In lean-burn engines, the combustion process is enhanced by pre-mixing the air and fuel upstream of the turbocharger before introduction into the cylinder. This creates a more homogenous mixture in the combustion chamber and reduces the occurrence of knocking or detonation. To prevent either knocking or misfiring, the combustion process must be controlled within a narrow operating window. Charge air temperatures and volume, together with air to fuel ratio, are constantly monitored. The microprocessor-based engine controller regulates the fuel flow and air/gas mixture and ignition timing. New lean-burn engines from Cummins are designed to operate at a lean air/gas ratio of Lambda = 1.7. (Traditional stoichiometric natural gas engines have an air/gas ratio of Lambda = 1.0). In the chart (at left) that plots Break Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) against Air Excess (Lambda), the operating window is a very narrow band where efficiency peaks and NOx is near its minimum. A richer mixture (stoichiometric) can potentially produce knocking and higher NOx emissions; a leaner mixture than Lambda 1.7 may not combust reliably and cause misfiring, which raises HC emissions. Full-authority electronic engines, sensors and microprocessors in the new lean-burn engines are critical for maintaining combustion within these boundaries.
16 BMEP (bar)
8 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 Air Excess (lambda)
About the author Keith Packham is Gas Applications Manager for Cummins Power Generation, and provides expert technical advice and support to the global Energy Solutions Business team on the design, installation and operation of gas fuelled energy plants. He has been involved with
the design, installation, maintenance, and operational aspects of combined heat and power (CHP) plants, boiler plants for steam or hot water, power generation and distribution, refrigeration, water and effluent treatment plants and their optimum performance. He holds a Bachelors degree in Energy Engineering from Southbank University in England.
The design of the lean-burn engine incorporates a simple open combustion chamber housed in the piston crown. The shape of the piston crown introduces turbulence in the incoming air/fuel mixture that promotes more complete combustion by thoroughly exposing it to the advancing flame front. The flame plate of the cylinder head is regular (flat) and the spark plug is centrally located. The air and gas fuel are correctly mixed under the control of the engine management system.
been shown to meet the most stringent prime power emissions regulations anywhere in the world.
Fuel flexibility
Another advantage of the lean-burn technology with full-authority electronic engine controls is the ability to operate on gas with a wide range of quality. A measurement called the Methane Number (MN) is used to determine fuel gas suitability as an engine fuel. Most natural gas has an MN from 70 to 97, and pipeline quality gas typically has an MN of about 75. Resource recovery gas from landfills or sewage treatment facilities is typically of lower quality, but is often suitable for use in lean-burn engines. Cummins lean-burn gas engine generators will operate on gas with an MN of 50 or greater, providing excellent fuel flexibility. However, gas with a MN below 70 may require derating of the generator output. Lean-burn gas engine generator sets are setting a new standard for fuel efficiency, high power output for their size, and for low emissions. In regions with supplies of natural gas, these generator sets are providing highly reliable electric power for utility peaking, distributed generation, prime power and for combined heat and power systems. For additional technical support, please contact your local Cummins Power Generation distributor. They can be found at www.cumminspower.com.
Reduced emissions
One of the results of this technology is significantly reduced emissions in the exhaust. Cummins new lean-burn gas engine generators have NOx emissions as low as .85 grams/BHP-hr, and produce low amounts of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM). This allows the generator sets to meet the most stringent air quality regulations without after-treatment devices in the exhaust stream.
One of the results of this technology is significantly reduced emissions in the exhaust.
For even lower emissions, lean-burn gas engine generator sets are frequently coupled with integrated after-treatment options such as Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and Oxidation Catalysts, resulting in NOx levels at or below 0.15 grams/BHP-hr. With these after-treatment options, the gas engine generators have
2007 | Cummins Power Generation and Cummins are registered trademarks of Cummins Inc. Our energy working for you. is a trademark of Cummins Power Generation. PT-7009 (05/07) Formerly PT-402


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If retirement is a goal of yours (and who doesn't want to retire someday?!?), it's important to learn how to start investing. In fact, funding your retirement accounts should be at the top of your list. While these accounts won't help your immediate situation, by stashing cash now, the residual income they create should help propel you through your golden years.
First, the audience. You must assess how many visitors you have, and who those visitors are. What is your average visitor interested in? What are their needs and wants? You must know this to understand which brands will interest them. For instance, if you have a niche blog about traveling on a low budget, promoting Liquid Web or Sandals and Beaches will not bring you a profit; your visitors likely won't be able to make a purchase there. Instead, becoming an affiliate for Travelpayouts would be a perfect fit.
Web analytics provides the data about website performance which serve as guidelines for improvement, making this a very important part of internet marketing. The chapter is focused on off-site and on-site web analytics, the reasons why you should use web analytics, as well as methods for measuring web analytics data, such as page tagging, click analytics, using software such as Google Analytics, etc.
Candidates with proven skills and professional certifications from online marketing certificate programs are often more likely to get paid more than the ones who are just starting their career without any certifications or proven practical skills. Companies are more likely to hire people with the right education, rather than those who have no previous experience or training.
David Wygant is still in the dating field but follows a very different angle. The site offers a range of courses, modules and reports that focus on helping people be successful in dating. For example, courses for women include What Men Desire, Comment with Him and The Commitment Switch Secret. Courses for men include Men's Mastery Series, 7 Second Seduction and The Life Blueprint. Some of the courses are eBooks, while others are audio or video-based.
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If you are a photographer looking to diversify your income stream, putting together styled stock photo packages can be lucrative. For example, a package of 15 wedding-themed stock photos for $10. You can then market this to any bloggers or businesses who are in the wedding business for their use (photos of different engagement rings styles are super popular). Through this method, it's possible to make a continuous stream of income off of photos you've taken once (similar to a licensing deal).
However, he decided to refocus on what he loves the most (which is building and marketing businesses) and started Social Triggers, which is now one of the top online marketing blogs on the internet. The interesting thing is that Derek managed to get to the top of his niche and make a name for himself in a very short period of time. This guy clearly knows something that most people don't.
Almost all of these ideas require starting a personal blog or website. But the great thing about that is that it's incredibly cheap to do. We recommend using Bluehost to get started. You get a free domain name and hosting starts at just $2.95 per month - a deal that you won't find many other places online! You can afford that to start building a passive income stream.
A basic knowledge of html and Wordpress will add to your skills as a digital marketer and will make your life easier. You should have a basic understanding of common html tags, how a web page is treated by browser, usability best practices and more. In Wordpress you should be able to make forms, install plugins and make landing pages. Keep in mind that you do not need to learn these things like a pro and that there are lot of services and products available in the market which can help you crack your job with basic knowledge.
The compensation plan offers as much as 80% commission, which is more than most other sites in this field. There are plenty of different ways for affiliates to promote the company, including banner displays and contextual ads. The site is also very well designed. It looks professional, modern and exciting, which should encourage signups. Of course, you are targeting a narrower audience than with some other dating sites.
As another best affiliate in our list of the top 10 affiliates, AvantLink connects businesses with marketers where the merchants will take the advantage of affiliate marketing to boost their sales. Here, the merchants will need to provide info about the affiliate program set the commission charges and all the necessary details about their products. In the other words, the affiliates will take this information into the market and earn commission after selling the products. The system will handle all the sales and commissions well.
3d printing is a booming industry right now. 3d printers are machines that start with a chunk of plastic and essentially cut out whatever you design on the computer. You can make clothing, jewelry, technology accessories, all kinds of things. Writing a blog about what can be made with 3d printers, reviewing the best 3d printers, and having info on making the best designs would be AWESOME! I might even follow this kind of blog even though I don't have a 3d printer, just because I want to get one so bad!
You could start a niche website about a specific breed of cat. Another option could be a YouTube channel reviewing dog chew toys. Or you could start an authority site about caring for exotic birds. You could also go offline with your niche business by starting a pet sitting service. Pet owners in some cities are willing to pay up to $100 per day for reliable pet sitters.
Excellent list. Shareasale has been my best performing from the list. Another strategy I've used is to contact individual companies and ask about their affiliate programs. Some companies run in-house affiliate programs, which means they have a select few affiliates that they work with. Such companies can be quite profitable to work with as you'll be competing with way less affiliates.
Udemy is an online platform that lets its user take video courses on a wide array of subjects. Instead of being a consumer on Udemy you can instead be a producer, create your own video course, and allow users to purchase it. This is a fantastic option if you are highly knowledgeable in a specific subject matter. This can also be a great way to turn traditional tutoring into a passive income stream!
HubSpot Academy offers certification and training courses to teach people how inbound marketing and HubSpot software work. Classes are often taught by marketers at HubSpot and are made up of video lessons, quizzes, and tests. Most HubSpot Academy classes are available free of charge, and if you pass the certifications, such as the two below, you get a nifty certificate and badge to share on your social media profiles. Check out mine on LinkedIn:
The Shopify Affiliate Program allows users — who have applied to the program — to earn an average of $58 for each additional user that signs up for a paid plan with them. This is achieved through a unique referral link and $2000 for each 'Plus' referral. The program includes bloggers, publishers, educators, and other affiliates that refer their audience.
Income School LLC is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Income School LLC also participates in affiliate programs with Bluehost, Clickbank, CJ, ShareASale, and other sites. Income School LLC is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies.
Hi Tommy. I vet the programs listed on my site and eliminate the ones that people make complaints about. But its important for you to also use your due diligence when you choose a program. Google the name of the company followed by queries such as "complaints" and "fraud" and "scam" to see if people are making accusations. You can also contact their affiliate manager directly to ask questions. If you can't locate an affiliate manager that is definitely a red flag. Finally, diversify into a few different companies so you can compare them. Hope this helps. Sincerely – Bill
B) Listing quality is based on algorithm that factors in things like the title, keywords, photos and bullet points in the top 10 listings. Ideally you want to find niches where listing quality is low (so yours can be much better). Here, a lower number signifies poorer quality listings and more opportunity, and a higher number shows higher quality listings in this niche.
Why We Buy What We Can Get For Free – Many people feel uncomfortable selling something online because of the nonsensical "I can find it anywhere on the internet, why would I buy it from you?" argument. In this post, Derek explains why it's okay to sell stuff on your blog, what to do with people who complain about it and interviews Dan Ariely, who is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke, as well as NYT best-selling author of "Predictably Irrational".
You could start a niche website about a specific breed of cat. Another option could be a YouTube channel reviewing dog chew toys. Or you could start an authority site about caring for exotic birds. You could also go offline with your niche business by starting a pet sitting service. Pet owners in some cities are willing to pay up to $100 per day for reliable pet sitters.
Wow! What an awesome list! My favorite is the stock photography because I love photography. I have had some success there, particularly with one photo I make some decent income from. I think the key with stock photography is finding a shot that is high demand. Then, find a new unique way to frame that shot. This is the reason my St. Louis Arch photo is a top 10 on both ShutterStock and iStockPhoto. Thanks for the awesome ideas above!
A deposition is a formal meeting between a party to a lawsuit and another party such as the opposing party to the lawsuit, a witness, an expert witness, etc. Basically two lawyers sit down with their clients while one lawyer grills someone for 8 hours–but it's in an office and not in the courthouse. When a deposition is taken, the lawyers need to video record it to have as evidence.
Moolanomy has affiliate relationships with some companies ("advertisers") and may be compensated if consumers choose to buy or subscribe to a product or service via our links. Our content is not provided or commissioned by our advertisers. Opinions expressed here are author's alone, not those of our advertisers, and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by our advertisers.
Every aspect of the site appears professional, including the presence of a demo, a free trial and multiple ways to contact the company. There are three plans to choose from. Pro supports 200 attendees for $119 per month. Elite allows up to 500 attendees and costs $199 per month. Finally, Summit allows 1,000 attendees and costs $399 per month. Each plan is discounted if customers pay annually, rather than month-to-month.
Businesses leverage various digital channels, such as search engines, social media, email, and their websites to connect with current and prospective customers. At a high level, digital marketing refers to advertising delivered through these digital channels. This term covers a wide range of marketing activities, such as paid search, organic SEO, social media marketing, affiliate marketing, content marketing, video marketing, and so much more.


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Tell your friends where you are going.
MANCAVE Event – February 2019
Start Date: February 17, 2019 – End Date: March 11, 2019
Man Cave caters to the modern man with exclusive items that promise to entertain, stimulate your mind & keep you looking your best! With everything from gear, rides & style, Man Cave will always have the best that SL has to offer.
See also at MANCAVE Event – February 2019:
More Events running today
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Commotion Event – June / July 2019
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Black Fair Monthly – June 2019
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End Date: Jul-07-2019
Bodyfy Event – June 2019
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Just wanted to share an except from my new youth devotional, Perfect Promises for Youth. It is my hope to share God's promises with our youth, along with the strength, freedom, and abundant life that comes from following Him. Hope you enjoy the following devotion on confidence. You can find the book now on Amazon or in my Etsy store, as well as Perfect Promises for Kids, a devotional for young readers. Thank you for reading!
God Promises…
The Israelites, God's chosen people, were about to be attacked. The Philistine army stood on a mountain, ready to strike. Only a valley lay between them. Goliath, a man from the Philistine army, came forward. He was huge – possibly as tall as nine feet. He was covered in heavy bronze armor. He walked ahead of the rest of his army, yelling out a challenge to the Israelites. "Choose a man for yourselves, and let him come down to me. If he is able to fight with me and kill me, then we will be your servants. But if I prevail against him and kill him, then you shall be our servants and serve us."
The Israelites were terrified. For forty days, Goliath came forward, taunting them. No one stepped up to accept his challenge. Instead, they fled in fear.
Young David was a shepherd. David's father sent him to the Israelite army to bring food to them and to check on his brothers. David got to see the giant firsthand and hear his mocking. But unlike the others, he didn't cower. He went straight to the king and volunteered to be the one who took on the mighty Goliath.
Saul tried to refuse him. He told David he was just a boy, while this man was a war hero. In other words, David didn't stand a chance. And Saul was right. David was totally unqualified for the job. He was a kid. He didn't have the training. He didn't have the size or the strength. He didn't even have the armor for protection – it was too big for him. On paper, he was worthless. Doomed to fail.
But David had faith – not in himself, but in God.
He went up against the giant with just a sling and five rocks. Goliath laughed. He felt insulted that the Israelites had sent a kid to fight him. But David didn't listen to his insults. He told Goliath that he came in God's name and he knew God would deliver Goliath into his hands.
The very first rock he slung sank into Goliath's forehead. The mighty giant had fallen.
The world preaches that we should have confidence…but it's self-confidence. Believe in yourself. Stand tall. Be proud.
We need to understand this: apart from Him, we can do nothing. It is through His grace that we are forgiven. It is through His strength that we are strong.
When you have God on your side, you can have the confidence of David. No matter what Goliath stands in your way, you can call on His strength. Remember: God made the entire universe in just seven days. Is anything impossible for Him? If He is within you, if He is calling you to something, you will not fail.
Don't let the world tell you about your Goliath. Tell your Goliath about your mighty God.
God, thank You for Your confidence. I know that nothing is impossible for You, and if You are within me, I will not fail. Help me to put my confidence in You.
Then he [Goliath] stood and cried out to the armies of Israel, and said to them, "Why have you come out to line up for battle? Am I not a Philistine, and you the servants of Saul? Choose a man for yourselves, and let him come down to me. If he is able to fight with me and kill me, then we will be your servants. But if I prevail against him and kill him, then you shall be our servants and serve us." And the Philistine said, "I defy the armies of Israel this day; give me a man, that we may fight together." When Saul and all Israel heard these words of the Philistine, they were dismayed and greatly afraid…
Then David said to Saul, "Let no man's heart fail because of him; your servant will go and fight with this Philistine."
And Saul said to David, "You are not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him; for you are a youth, and he a man of war from his youth."…
Moreover David said, "The Lord, who delivered me from the paw of the lion and from the paw of the bear, He will deliver me from the hand of this Philistine."…
Then David said to the Philistine, "You come to me with a sword, with a spear, and with a javelin. But I come to you in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied. This day the Lord will deliver you into my hand, and I will strike you and take your head from you. And this day I will give the carcasses of the camp of the Philistines to the birds of the air and the wild beasts of the earth, that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel. Then all this assembly shall know that the Lord does not save with sword and spear; for the battle is the Lord's, and He will give you into our hands."
So it was, when the Philistine arose and came and drew near to meet David, that David hurried and ran toward the army to meet the Philistine. Then David put his hand in his bag and took out a stone; and he slung it and struck the Philistine in his forehead, so that the stone sank into his forehead, and he fell on his face to the earth.
– 1 Samuel 17:8-49
Let us therefore come boldly to the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy and find grace to help in time of need. – Hebrews 4:16
Now this is the confidence that we have in Him, that if we ask anything according to His will, He hears us. – 1 John 5:14
According to the eternal purpose which He accomplished in Christ Jesus our Lord, in whom we have boldness and access with confidence through faith in Him. – Ephesians 3:11-12
The work of righteousness will be peace,
And the effect of righteousness, quietness and assurance forever.
– Isaiah 32:17
Being confident of this very thing, that He who has begun a good work in you will complete it until the day of Jesus Christ. – Philippians 1:6
For God has not given us a spirit of fear, but of power and of love and of a sound mind. – 2 Timothy 1:7
For the Lord will be your confidence,
And will keep your foot from being caught.
– Proverbs 3:26
Therefore do not cast away your confidence, which has great reward. For you have need of endurance, so that after you have done the will of God, you may receive the promise. – Hebrews 10:35-36
Therefore do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about its own things. Sufficient for the day is its own trouble. – Matthew 6:34
So we may boldly say:
"The Lord is my helper;
I will not fear.
What can man do to me?"
– Hebrews 13:6


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Results Around Atlanta, Georgia
- Regional statistics: Atlanta, Georgia has a population of 422908 that is in a county of 249339 units. The city is in a county that is 268 square miles. 770-582 is available through the regional telephone switch # NRCRGAMA84A in the Atlanta area.
- Other cities located around Atlanta: Zebulon (770-581) Marietta (770-579) Grantville (770-583) Griffin (770-584)
is reporting
770-582-715923, Feb. 2017
I receive numerous recorded calls from them and have repeatedly told them I am on a no call list.


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Nathan Evans is a registered patent attorney with Woods Rogers who focuses on intellectual property (IP)—including patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets—and he assists start-ups and established companies protect and monetize their IP rights.
Based in Charlottesville, Nathan counsels clients in virtually all IP-related topics, including patent preparation and prosecution, opinions, enforcement strategies, litigation, and licensing. He has worked on matters before state and federal district courts, the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office (including the Patent Trial and Appeal Board), the U.S. International Trade Commission, and the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.
In addition to prosecuting many patent applications before the USPTO, and involvement with the post-grant review process, Nathan's litigation experience includes cases involving the infringement, validity, and enforceability of patents covering AstraZeneca's Crestor and Eli Lilly's Zyprexa and Evista pharmaceuticals. In addition to prosecution and litigation regarding chemical compounds and biotechnology, he has participated in matters involving computer software applications, medical devices, networking solutions, cellular phone technology, multilayer plastic films, paper products, pultruded and extruded structural articles, and optical discs (CDs).
Nathan has substantial experience with India's patent laws and co-chaired an American Bar Association subcommittee on changes to Indian patent law. He also acted as a co-chair of a subcommittee of the Patent System Policy Planning Division Committee. He now serves on the Virginia Bar Association's IP Council and the Charlottesville Mayor's Advisory Council on Innovation and Technology, and he is an Ambassador for the Charlottesville Chamber of Commerce. Recently, Nathan was named a "10 Best" Attorney in the Intellectual Property Division by the American Institute of Legal Counsel™.
Nathan double-majored in biology and psychology at the University of Virginia before entering law school. He writes and speaks on various topics, including IP issues generally, patent laws in India, and prescription drug licensing. Nathan was a judge for the 2019 Apex Entrepreneur Challenge Finals, Virginia Tech's entrepreneurship event. He joined the Woods Rogers Charlottesville office in 2013.
Virginia Bar Association—Intellectual Property Council; Treasurer (2017); Secretary (2018)
Virginia State Bar—Member, IP Section
District of Columbia Bar Association—Member, IP section
Charlottesville Business Innovation Council
Charlottesville Chamber of Commerce—Ambassador
American Intellectual Property Law Association
Charlottesville Mayor's Advisory Council on Innovation and Technology
Thought Leadership
Published Articles
"Turn Ideas Into Valuable Intellectual Property Assets," Lynchburg Business, October 2016
"Patenting Computer Software Applications: The New Wild West," CBIC Blog, March 2015
"IP Enforcement Webinar," VirginiaBio, September 2016
"Who Owns Your Intellectual Property?", Roanoke Blacksburg Technology Council (RBTC), August 2015
Representative Cases
Nathan's experience highlights include:
- Lead counsel for Petitioner in USPTO post-grant review relating to data privacy software technology. AvePoint, Inc. v. OneTrust, LLC, PGR2018-0056 (Patent Trial and Appeal Board 2018)
- Lead counsel for defendants in litigation relating to shoe technology. Rothy's, Inc. v. JKM Technologies, LLC et al., 3:18CV00067 (W.D. Va. 2018)
- Lead counsel for plaintiff in litigation relating to e-commerce platform. Case settled favorably. Moore & Giles, Inc. v. Landmark Technology, LLC, 6:18-cv-00052-NKM (W.D. Va. 2018)
- Lead counsel for plaintiff in litigation relating to trademark dispute. Virginia Industrial Plastics, Inc. v. Cabinet Saver LLC (W.D. Va. 2018)
- Lead counsel for plaintiff in litigation relating to medical device technology. Case settled favorably. Human Design Medical, LLC v. My Health, Inc., 1:16-cv-00767 (D. Del. 2016)
- Successfully argued patent claim construction issues in favorable Markman ruling (W.D. Va. 2015)
- Successfully helped defend lucrative electrical engineering patent and license in significant jury trial victory (S.D.N.Y. 2013)
- In re Rosuvastatin Calcium Patent Litigation (D. Del.). Helped successfully obtain determination of infringement, validity, and enforceability of an Orange Book listed patent for AstraZeneca over the drug product Crestor®
- Eli Lilly & Co. v. Zenith Goldline Pharms., Inc. (S.D. Ind., Fed. Cir.). Helped successfully obtain determination of infringement, validity, and enforceability of an Orange Book listed patent for Eli Lilly over the drug product Zyprexa®
- Active in other successful Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) patent infringement litigations defending challenges to pharmaceutical patents, including patents on Eli Lilly and Company's Evista® pharmaceutical
Speaking Engagements
Entrepreneur's Edge | Protect Your Tech: IP Strategies in the Innovation Age | May 29, 2019
Virginia Law Emerging Companies and Venture Capital Club Meeting | Advising Entrepreneurs and Emerging Companies on IP-related Issues | October 16, 2018
Roanoke Blacksburg Technology Council/RAMP Accelerator | Legal Issues for Startups | September 15, 2018
Virginia Bar Association | The Year in IP and IT Law | July 20, 2018
Using Intellectual Property as a Business Asset | May 10, 2018
Lawyer case results depend upon a variety of factors unique to each case. Case results do not guarantee or predict a similar result in any future case undertaken by the lawyer.