text:
Month of
April 2017
Note: This is a complied work by the Team The CSS Point. The DAWN.COM is the
support css aspirants and This document is NOT FOR SALE. You may order this
0726540316 - 03336042057
CSS Notes, Books, MCQs, Magazines
Download CSS Notes
Download CSS Books
Download CSS Magazines
Download CSS MCQs
Download CSS Past Papers
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
April 2017
Table of Contents
Carnage in Parachinar again ......................................................................................................................... 7
Park controversy ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Out, but maybe not....................................................................................................................................... 9
Shift in Indias nuclear policy? ...................................................................................................................... 9
Attacks on schools ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Polio vaccination refusals ........................................................................................................................... 11
State Bank quarterly report ........................................................................................................................ 12
Pak-Bangladesh ties .................................................................................................................................... 13
The case of Urdu ......................................................................................................................................... 14
Waiting for a verdict ................................................................................................................................... 15
Sargodha murders....................................................................................................................................... 16
Dr Riaz Ahmeds detention ......................................................................................................................... 17
Prosecuting money launderers ................................................................................................................... 17
Army chiefs UK visit ................................................................................................................................... 18
T20 series win ............................................................................................................................................. 19
PTI spokesmans interview.......................................................................................................................... 20
US on Pak-India talks................................................................................................................................... 21
Lahore attack .............................................................................................................................................. 22
Poll reform and census ............................................................................................................................... 23
IMF assessment........................................................................................................................................... 24
Trump-Sisi bonhomie .................................................................................................................................. 25
US air strike in Syria .................................................................................................................................... 26
IHK defiance ................................................................................................................................................ 27
Misbahs retirement ................................................................................................................................... 28
Jihad policy blunder .................................................................................................................................... 28
Climate oddities .......................................................................................................................................... 29
Landslide tragedy ........................................................................................................................................ 30
Sluggish response to militancy.................................................................................................................... 31
JUI-Fs centenary ......................................................................................................................................... 32
Child sexual abuse....................................................................................................................................... 33
Gap in CPEC payments ................................................................................................................................ 34
Icon of peace ............................................................................................................................................... 35
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 4
April 2017
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 5
April 2017
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 6
April 2017
The Friday bombing, likely aimed at inflicting maximum harm ahead of the weekly
congregation at a nearby Shia imambargah, further crystallised what has long been
clear about the violence in the Parachinar region of Kurram Agency: militancy with an
overtly sectarian dimension. And after rival claims to this years January bombing in the
area, yesterdays attack has been followed by a claim of responsibility from Jamaatul
Ahrar, the TTP splinter that has been at the forefront of recent attacks across the
country. The long war against militancy, longer in the Parachinar region than most parts
of the country, looks set to grind on, undermining the gains made elsewhere.
For Pakistan, the questions are many, and all wearily familiar. The tone of the political
leadership may have changed somewhat since earlier this year, when senior
government officials openly and at odds with the facts tried to downplay the sectarian
underpinnings of militancy, but there is no clear path ahead either. Perhaps nowhere is
the connection between extremism and militancy more apparent than at the sectarian
intersection. While the roots of the animosity may indeed be historical, stretching back
many centuries as some government officials glibly claimed, it is actively encouraged by
a vast infrastructure of extremism. The tentative steps taken under the National Action
Plan and by provincial governments to fine or arrest preachers of hate has done little to
slow the poison being spread across the land. The need for an unequivocal, firm and
determined message that Pakistan is and will remain an inclusive state and society
remains as strong as ever. What the message must be is clear; whether the state
has the will or ability to carry it forward until it becomes uncontested and undeniable
across the country is unclear.
There is also the problem of the state choosing to emphasise one part of the problem
and in doing so distorting the real scope of militancy. With Jamaatul Ahrar claiming
responsibility for yesterdays attack, the problem of cross-border militancy and
Pakistans growing discontent with Afghanistan will likely come into focus again. But
terrorism and militancy blighted Parachinar before the emergence of Jamaatul Ahrar,
and the relationship with Afghanistan is far more complex than the now undeniably
serious problem of anti-Pakistan militant sanctuaries in eastern Afghanistan. The
answer lies in drawing together seemingly disparate threads such as NAP, Operation
Raddul Fasaad, and national security and foreign policy into a coherent, effective and
strategic approach. It will not be easy, but there is also no realistic alternative. The
suffering in Parachinar must not be in vain and with no end. The ugly reality of
sectarianism must be confronted directly and decisively.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 7
April 2017
Park controversy
ENCROACHMENTS are the bane of urban Pakistan, as sidewalks, roads, parks and
other spaces meant for the public are easily gobbled up by unscrupulous elements.
Sometimes the encroachers come in the form of small-time shopkeepers or peddlers,
who set up shop on pavements or roadsides. However, when big money takes over
large parcels of public land and is granted legal cover by the state to do so, the
problem becomes a tad more complex. Take the ongoing hullabaloo over the vast,
decaying expanse of Karachis Bagh Ibne Qasim, a public park on the citys seafront
that has been apparently gifted to property firm Bahria Town by the Sindh government.
On Thursday, a notification was issued by the Sindh local government department
stating that Bagh Ibne Qasim has been taken over by the Local Government
Department from Karachi Metropolitan Corporation and handed over to M/s Bahria
Town Private Limited for adoption. ... On Friday, the matter was the focus of attention
in the Sindh Assembly, as the MQM-led opposition blasted the PPP-led treasury over
the decision. Meanwhile, Karachi Mayor Wasim Akhtar said he was not consulted about
the transfer, while Malik Riaz, the head honcho of Bahria Town, stated he would not
take over the park until all stakeholders were on board.
Whatever the intentions of the Sindh government behind the gifting of the park to the
property firm, the fact is that this public recreation space is not the property of the
provincial government; hence it cannot give it to private parties to adopt via a royal fiat.
The park, in fact, is the collective property of the citizens of Karachi, especially those of
KDA Scheme 5, as they are the ones who pay taxes for its development and upkeep. It
beggars belief that area residents, as well as the elected Karachi City Council, were
bypassed regarding the parks transfer to the private firm. The controversy seems to be
in line with the unfortunate trend of commercialisation of public parks. Government
bodies in Karachi and elsewhere in the country have in fact facilitated the takeover of
public spaces entirely or partially by big business, despite the fact that the courts have
stepped in a number of times to put a stop to this racket. Instead of pandering to big
money, the state must keep the interests of citizens paramount and preserve the few
public spaces that remain open to the people.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 8
April 2017
Then why the resignation, and why now? Health and personal reasons as stated?
Cricket is important no doubt, but will a PM who is at the centre of a make-or-break
Panama case find time to deal with the PCBs affairs at this moment? To many
observers, the 2018 general election has a bearing on the timing of the PCB chairmans
decision to quit. It is commonly understood that the PCB patron might be inclined to
appoint a chairman of the board, for a stipulated three-year term, in the run-up to a
general election. This is said to be a desirable arrangement to ensure in theory
that the nominee is there running the PCB notwithstanding who wins the polls. This is
what Messrs Asif Zardari and Zaka Ashraf tried to achieve when the latter was
appointed the cricket board chairman ahead of the 2013 election. Whatever the case
may be, such speculation is best dealt with through a quick and final response on the
issue by the prime minister. The sooner it comes the better.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 9
April 2017
possibility. Unhappily, South Asia appears poised for another round of accusations and
recriminations in the most dangerous of arenas.
No first use was always a political statement by India that could change in wartime and
it has never been a policy on which Pakistan could base its own nuclear strategy.
Simply, in the realm of nuclear weapons there is no room for concessions based on
perceived intent, only strategy based on the others capabilities. But in the ongoing
evolution of Indian strategy, a distressing spiral towards ever greater danger in the
region is discernible. The Indian and western explanations for the shift are rooted in the
perceived threat of a large-scale terrorist attack on Indian soil emanating from Pakistan.
That was the justification for the destabilising Cold Start doctrine that led Pakistan to
venture down the road to tactical nuclear weapons. Now, in response to Pakistans
response to Cold Start, India is flirting with the idea of a preemptive nuclear attack on
Pakistan to ostensibly deter it from considering using tactical nuclear weapons.
What the Indian and western explanations take for granted, however, is that India is a
benign power that will only act defensively. For Pakistan, while India must be engaged
in dialogue diplomatically, military strategy must be based on the possibility that India
will not always have benign intentions. Indeed, in the current climate of growing right-
wing political sentiment in India, it is an affront to Pakistan to suggest that Indian policy
is necessarily and always will be benign towards it. For all right-minded and sensible
people in India and Pakistan, the urgency for dialogue between the two countries is
greater than ever. In the cause-and-effect, chicken-or-egg security dynamic between
them, the only reality thus far has been an ever more armed region with an ever greater
array of the most dangerous weapons known in the history of mankind. The Cold War
proved that military logic can lead to ruinously expensive outcomes and wildly
disproportionate weapons capabilities. Pakistan and India should take heed before it is
too late to pull back from a race to mutual destruction.
Attacks on schools
WITH Pakistans already dismal record in the education sector, the country scarcely
needed any more challenges on this front, but that is exactly what years of militancy
have represented. However, violent extremists are not the only ones culpable in the
matter, a fact that a new report by Human Rights Watch recognises. Dreams Turned
into Nightmares: Attacks on Students, Teachers and Schools in Pakistan examines the
issue in a more holistic way even though researchers could not gain access to
Balochistan, ironically for security reasons. According to Global Terrorism Database
figures that the HRW cites in its report, during the period between 2007 and 2015, there
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 10
April 2017
were 867 attacks on educational institutions, resulting in 392 fatalities and 724 injuries.
Based on interviews with students, teachers and parents, the report highlights serious
failures on the part of the provincial authorities over the course of the decade between
January 2007 and October 2016. Their policy of outsourcing security responsibilities to
school authorities has led to financial hardship for the administrations of academic
institutions and contributed to the disturbing trend of arming teachers, while criminal
cases have been filed against principals for inadequate security measures. The report
also includes within its scope the occupation of educational institutions by security
forces (in KP and Sindh), political groups and criminal elements. In Karachi, there was a
time when some schools in parts of Lyari were turned into MQM sector offices while
many others in the area were destroyed or occupied by gangsters.
The report points to the lack of reliable national data on school attacks; this is a critical
gap in knowledge which leaves the government ill-equipped to respond to them
adequately or institute protective measures. Given it was a horrific attack on a school,
APS Peshawar in which more than 140 were slaughtered, including students,
teachers and staff that proved to be the catalyst for the National Action Plan, it is
surprising that none of its 20 points pertains to the protection of education. That
oversight should be addressed with the attention it deserves, especially to girls
education, which has suffered disproportionate harm. Priority should be given to setting
up rapid response units that can be deployed in the event of an attack on a school
and to rebuilding destroyed or damaged infrastructure, reclaiming occupied school
buildings, and providing psychosocial support to students who have suffered violence.
That is one way to secure this countrys future.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 11
April 2017
children under their care had already been vaccinated, but were unable to provide
documentary evidence in this regard.
In that bland sentence lies the crux of the matter. Its decades-long battle with polio
notwithstanding, the country has not made a concerted push to ascertain how many
refusals against vaccination during the anti-polio drives mean that the children go
uninoculated, and how many refer to cases where children have already been
immunised at, say, private facilities. This is a distinction of crucial importance, since it
refers to the mistaken belief in even the well-educated that the latter situation makes
participation in the anti-polio campaigns redundant. Eradicating the virus involves
administering the vaccine to every child in the targeted area over a limited span of time,
all at once patchy inoculation at different times allows the virus to keep popping up.
This is no mean task in a country where the resistance to the vaccination is such that
refusals have had to be made an offence inviting arrest. Yet it must be undertaken with
renewed resolve.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 12
April 2017
It is an enticing tale, and could be a source of much comfort, if so much was not riding
on it. There is an assumption underlying the tale: that the investments underway will
bring a boost that is larger than the costs of their commercial operations. That may yet
happen, and CPEC could indeed carry us to the next level much like earlier spurts of
investment in the power sector in the 1960s and again in the late 1990s did. But
there is growing anxiety in the country that things may turn out differently, and the
gaping deficits of today could spell trouble tomorrow, leading us to repeat another story
of repeated approaches to the IMF once reserves fall. So far it is not a given which way
things will go, but the telling of the tale that is propping up this state of affairs could be
improved if we had a better idea of the projections that have gone into it. Thus far,
though, we have little more than assurances to work with.
Pak-Bangladesh ties
THE bilateral relationship between Pakistan and Bangladesh is currently experiencing a
deep freeze, as the Awami League-led government in Dhaka seeks to resuscitate the
ghosts of 1971, with Islamabad replying in a similar tone. In the latest sign that ties are
far from cordial, the Pakistani delegation decided to boycott a meeting of the Inter-
Parliamentary Union that kicked off in Dhaka on Saturday. According to a report in this
paper, Pakistani diplomats and foreign ministry officials said the situation was not
conducive for Pakistani lawmakers to participate in the moot. National Assembly
Speaker Ayaz Sadiq also confirmed that the Pakistani delegation would not be
attending. Moreover, the Bangladesh Cricket Board has also turned down its Pakistani
counterparts invitation to tour this country citing inadequate security arrangements.
Pakistan-Bangladesh relations have taken a nosedive ever since Sheikh Hasina Wajed
started her current stint as prime minister. And with Narendra Modis rightist government
calling the shots in New Delhi, Ms Wajeds hard line towards Pakistan has been
emboldened. Last years Saarc summit in Islamabad was postponed as Bangladesh
was among the regional states that had pulled out apparently due to Indian pressure.
And on March 25, Dhaka observed genocide day to mark the tragic events of 1971.
What is more, it has been reported that Bangladesh will write to the UN to observe
every March 25 as genocide day. These moves will do little to improve relations
between Islamabad and Dhaka, and will only elicit tit-for-tat responses from this country.
Indeed, the powers that be in Dhaka must think about the benefits, or lack thereof, of
strained ties with Pakistan. How long will milking the tragedy of 1971 for political
mileage continue to benefit the Awami League? There is no doubt that the separation of
Pakistans former eastern wing has left deep scars in this country as well as
Bangladesh. However, the way forward is only through truth and reconciliation, not
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 13
April 2017
through continuing to poison future generations with the venom of the past. Bangladesh
should reconsider its attitude to Pakistan and respond to Islamabads overtures. On the
other hand, despite the hostile atmosphere, Pakistan should not have boycotted the IPU
meeting; it would have afforded the parliamentarians an opportunity to interact with their
counterparts in an attempt to find a political solution to end this Cold War. Pakistan must
respond to provocations in a calm and measured tone and resist attempts to isolate it
regionally and internationally.
Talk of Urdu as the language of power typically stirs up sensitivities. Not least among
them is the question of native tongues and the view held by so many that Urdu as yet
doesnt quite have the capacity to cater to the state. Indeed, it is commonly and
controversially contended that a switch to Urdu will bring CSS standards down. It is said
that the language, because of a sheer absence of sufficient exposure to many modern
subjects such as science at the highest level, lacks in certain essential expressions.
This often charged debate will continue as the LHC sits down to deliberate upon the
matter. It is an important case and the decision will be eagerly awaited by not only the
aspiring CSS candidates but Pakistanis at large. A salient point put forward so far is that
there is no Urdu syllabus and no experts around who are trained to measure just how
competent the CSSs Urdu-medium candidates are. This would entail, first,
implementing Urdu as the medium of learning at all levels to enable both the language
and the candidates required to take this high-efficiency test in Urdu. Rather than an
abrupt transition, there must be a gradual, phased approach towards the creation of a
system where the candidate can choose from multiple language options.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 14
April 2017
By now, it is clear that the hearings themselves have become historic. While the Sharif
family and the PML-N have tried hard to downplay the legal significance of the petitions,
the revelations in court have cast a shadow over the first familys credibility. It is for the
court to decide if Prime Minister Sharif and his children are legally liable for their
actions, but the political damage is undeniable. The shifting explanations are made
worse by the emerging possibility of the first daughter, Maryam Nawaz, as a future party
leader. Surely, the rules of the democratic order ought to have developed beyond what
was considered acceptable when Mr Sharif made his political debut over three decades
ago. At the very least, the next generation of the Sharifs do not appear to understand
that in a true democratic order, public representatives must be held to an exemplary
standard of financial conduct. Instead, the Sharifs seem to believe that a certain level of
political popularity ought to excuse lapses and misjudgements when it comes to
managing family finances.
The SC will necessarily have to give a verdict on the Sharifs that strictly adheres to the
letter and spirit of the law. Where the court may have some space to be more expansive
is in the realm of recommendations that can strengthen the democratic order by
tightening the financial rules and disclosures that public representatives must abide by.
While the court must be mindful of separation of powers, it is also true that there is a
political consensus in the country that the Panama Papers matter ought to be settled by
the courts. If the court recommends a specific set of actions to promote financial
transparency and accountability, the political class may find itself bound to comply and
the democratic order possibly strengthened as a result.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 15
April 2017
Sargodha murders
TWENTY people killed in order to cleanse them of their worldly afflictions. It is difficult
to recall when the country, brimming as it does with people pursuing spiritual purity or
combating all kinds of guilt via various routes, last experienced a similar incident of this
magnitude. The mass murder that took place on Friday in Sargodha though
discovered by police on Sunday at the hands of a shrine custodian and his
accomplices, brings a number of ugly aspects to the fore: superstition, isolation from
society, patronage of influentials. One may well include intelligence failure in the list, for
most ignorant is a law-enforcement set-up that is unaware of what is happening for such
long hours at a place potentially as heady as a shrine.
It is never too difficult for a clever individual anywhere to convince a few of those around
of the need to clean up their souls but Pakistans social system facilitates such extreme
steps by not doing enough to expose its citizens to the help they so desperately need in
terms of their physical and mental well-being. Poverty is an issue in many cases,
although this latest instance reconfirms that when it comes to matters of belief, even the
supposedly educated can easily fall prey to overwhelming madness. The spiritual side
to this story might never be known fully 20-odd people offering themselves up slave-
like, in total submission, in such a manner is a riddle unlikely to be satisfactorily
resolved. For the time being, a theory has been tentatively put forward which hints at
some succession row at the Ali Mohammad Qalandar shrine where the incident took
place, and which may have played a role given that the spiritual and material often
go hand in hand in this business. That said, it is shocking to realise that the man who
confessed, did so with an apparent sense of security that he will not or cannot be held
accountable for his blood-curdling act. This sense of safety could only come from a real
or imaginary immunity from punishment. Although that is an indictment of everyone
around, practicality demands that the follow-up also include asking questions of those
responsible under the system. How could the police not get a whiff of what was
happening at the shrine? And where were the other routine minders, like the local
government representatives, while the shrine was being bathed in human blood?
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 16
April 2017
These are very dangerous, and troubling, charges. Those who know Dr Ahmed can
testify that he has always advocated peaceful resistance to oppression, so the charge
that he was found in possession of a firearm is highly implausible, and all the more
disturbing for that. The professor is a member of the academic council of the University
of Karachi, where he teaches applied chemistry; and the treatment meted out to him is
unconscionable. This rising trend of treating respected academics as security threats
by the state is highly disturbing. It should be remembered that Dr Hassan Zafar Arif
for whom Dr Ahmed was protesting has been in detention since October last year.
The bail application of the septuagenarian academic hauled away for his links with
MQM-London was deferred for the third time on Saturday. In the cases of both Dr
Arif and Dr Ahmed, detaining these academics as prisoners of conscience due to their
beliefs is reprehensible. The government must stop persecuting activists on flimsy
grounds, or else Pakistan will earn the unenviable reputation of being a police state that
crushes all peaceful dissent.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 17
April 2017
volunteered some very important and detailed information in order to escape the
prospect of spending the rest of his life in jail.
Even though the investigation through which he was ensnared was a wide-ranging one,
it took very little effort for US law enforcement to actually catch him and bring him to a
point where he confessed before a court and volunteered all the information that was
asked from him. The sting operation took less than six months to lead to a sealed
indictment, and less than three months after that he was arrested. This is in sharp
contrast to his experience here in Pakistan, where not just Khanani but the entire
management and owners of KKI were arrested in 2008, and the full record of all their
servers was seized. Yet despite being in custody for three years, and despite the
enormous volume of evidence gathered from their servers by the FIA, they were
ultimately released due to a series of mysterious errors and omissions in the material
presented before the court. This clearly pointed towards the intervention of higher
powers that had mobilised to protect the accused.
It is those higher powers who should now be worrying about what, and how much,
information has been volunteered by Khanani in his plea bargain, and what
consequences might follow. Given the prevalence of corruption in Pakistan, and the
long list of clients served by KKI, there are likely to be some interesting disclosures in
the times ahead as law-enforcement agencies from various countries begin acting on
the tips and clues provided by him. Eventually the enterprise of money laundering will
have to close down, or at best will be able to continue only in a severely restricted form,
since the global regulatory regime is tightening with each passing year. If it does not
end, then the consequences for Pakistans banking system, and its wider economy as a
consequence, could be severe. The KKI episode is a vivid example of how the crimes of
the rich and powerful exact a terrible cost from us all, by tarnishing the countrys image,
robbing its economy of its vitality, and weakening its institutions to the point of
helplessness. It is time to wrap this business up.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 18
April 2017
Having said that, Sarfrazs aggressive style of leadership has clearly infused a fighting
spirit in the team. With the ODI reins in his hands as well, there is an unmistakable
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 19
April 2017
spring in the skippers step and an air of confidence that comes with authority. Sarfraz
would also be considerably indebted to all-rounder Shadab Khan, the find of this years
Pakistan Super League, who took the West Indies completely by surprise with his wily
spin. Unlike Yasir Shah, the 18-year-old bowls a perfect googly and, more importantly,
is a thinking bowler. West Indies, on the other hand, has had to grapple with a number
of issues. Theirs was a depleted lot in the T20 contests, whose performance at best
could be termed mediocre. The teams long tussle with the West Indies Cricket Board
has seen them losing several match-winners, while their replacements have failed to
show promise. That augurs well for Pakistan, though, for whom the upcoming ODI
series holds tremendous significance. A comprehensive victory in the ODIs will enable
them to improve their position in the ICC ODI rankings in order to directly qualify for the
2019 World Cup, but there is still a long way to go.
The merits of the article aside indeed one could take issue with the content as
contributing to neither ones entertainment nor ones knowledge Mr Haques falling
on his sword, undoubtedly after his tactless on-camera remarks caused some
consternation within PTI, is scarcely plausible. When the spokesman of a political party
utters words in an official capacity, in which capacity Mr Haque was clearly giving the
interview, he can scarcely hide later behind the personal opinion fig leaf. More
important, however, is the insouciance with which Mr Haque and by extension PTI
levelled such serious allegations on the talk show, not only without presenting any
proof, but asserting that no proof was even required to back up the claims. Granted PTI
has made a career (which has included staging more than one dharna) of claiming that
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 20
April 2017
the 2013 election was stolen from it. However, it is high time the party looked ahead
and, some would say, within as well.
US on Pak-India talks
US AMBASSADOR to the UN Nikki Haley, a rising star in the administration of
President Donald Trump, has made another blunt statement that has drawn the ire of a
third country and elicited a restatement of more traditional policy by the State
Department. Ms Haley ought to be applauded for her straight talk: speaking at a news
conference on Monday, the ambassador claimed that the administration she represents
is concerned about the relationship between India and Pakistan and that the US wants
to find its place in talks between the South Asian rivals before a conflict situation
arises. The Indian response to that somewhat soft and fairly sensible statement by Ms
Haley was swift: the foreign ministry spokesperson insisted that India-Pakistan talks
should be strictly bilateral and could only take place in what India describes as an
environment free of terror and violence. In essence, the Indian position is that dialogue
on matters that concern Pakistan should be bilateral, but India welcomes international
pressure on Pakistan to address Indias complaints of militancy and terrorism against
Pakistan. One-sided and self-serving as the Indian position is, it is compounded by the
reality that India is not even willing to engage in bilateral dialogue currently.
Likely in response to intense complaints behind the scenes by India, the State
Department has now reiterated that it desires direct dialogue between India and
Pakistan. But Ms Haleys comments have echoed what then president-elect Trump said
to Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif last November: I am ready and willing to play any role
that you want me to play to address and find solutions to the outstanding problems. It
will be an honour and I will personally do it. According to Indian media reports, those
early remarks by Mr Trump also drew a strong reaction from India. Yet, Indias
objections do not undermine the logic of the US offer. While India resists so-called
hyphenation by the US approaching US ties with India and Pakistan as
interconnected such an approach could have beneficial consequences for both
countries and further the cause of peace in the region. Moreover, given Americas long-
standing concerns about militancy in Afghanistan and terrorism in India, it is difficult to
argue that even the softest of US mediation would undermine Indias stance against
terrorism and militancy. If anything, Pakistan could be encouraged to find a regional
solution to the use of proxies and militants by all sides that has so destabilised the
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 21
April 2017
Ultimately, India and Pakistan will have to engage in dialogue again. History has proved
that there is an alternative, especially now that war has become unthinkable between
the two countries. The Pakistani military leadership has been clear it does not seek
conflict, and the political leadership that it wants dialogue. Surely, India must recognise
the desirability and inevitability of dialogue soon.
Lahore attack
On Wednesday, terror returned to Lahore, which we have been officially told was on
high alert. Precious lives were cut short; serious injuries were caused to many.
The militants had targeted Pakistan Army soldiers who were on their way to accompany
the census enumerators. The vehicle hit had been on its way to drop off the men at
various points at the start of the working day.
The government came up with its usual reaction to what appeared to be a suicide
attack. There was a show of sympathy for those who lost their lives, which included at
least one civilian. There were vows to defeat terrorism. Also tucked in somewhere in the
pile of official responses was an old clarification about how difficult almost impossible
it was to thwart a suicide attack.
Whatever the government might have had to say, the blast did not really come as a
surprise. A number of men in uniform soldiers moving about in a vehicle in public
spaces was surely a risky activity given that the city was on high alert and the country
continues to battle militancy.
In such circumstances, surely there was a need for tighter security measures than what
appeared to have been taken. Although the relevant authorities in Lahore have not been
too forthcoming in their answers to the probing queries put to them by journalists after
Wednesdays tragedy, the suspicion generally is that the suicide assault came about
after some reconnaissance on the part of the militants. The latter appeared to know the
time the vehicle carrying the army men working with the census teams would arrive at
the point where the attack took place.
Lahore was shaken badly. The city has been the venue of many terrorism-related
incidents of late, just as it has been at the receiving end of official reassurances since a
suicide attack in front of the Punjab Assembly in February.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 22
April 2017
A favourite measure to instil a sense of security in the citizens was once again on
display as the explosion was initially projected as a cylinder blast. This refrain in the
immediate aftermath of the explosion had just the opposite effect on the people it
made them angry as they saw it as a move by the government to conceal the facts.
Such prevarication on the part of the authorities may well result in a trust deficit that
could prove disastrous in these times.
Where the problem arises is as follows. The ECP must draw constituency boundaries
and allocate provincial shares of seats on the basis of the provisions in the Constitution,
which are somewhat contradictory in Article 51. The ongoing census will almost
certainly change the population shares of the provinces, necessitating a change in the
seat share prescribed in Article 51. Whether that is done strictly on the basis of the
population share of each province or the current formula that gives Fata an advantage,
a constitutional amendment to change the specific seat allocation in Article 51(3) may
become inevitable. But that cannot be done until the census results are finalised.
Moreover, within each province, the ECP has to redraw constituency boundaries on the
basis of a set of factors that need to be revised - which requires legislative changes,
ie the electoral reforms package languishing in parliament. The current system has
produced severe anomalies in the population-seat ratio within and across provinces and
the logistical feasibility of some constituencies needs to be reassessed the inevitable
result of population shifts within the country.
Much will depend on when the census results are finalised and made available to the
ECP. A clean, true census is essential, and while compromises must not be made, the
system may need to be tweaked to speed up the process without compromising on
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 23
April 2017
accuracy. In the meantime, the political class can and should work on finalising the
electoral reforms package and pay special attention to ECP rules governing
constituency demarcation. Perhaps a two-pronged approach can be adopted. The first
should focus on the normal rules that will govern constituency demarcation and
provincial shares after the results of the new census are made available. The second
could focus on special rules that can be used when a census is more than 10 years old
and, therefore, markedly inaccurate. In either scenario, the emphasis of electoral
reforms and rule changes should be on drawing constituencies that are as close to the
population realities in any given election as possible.
IMF assessment
IN a carefully worded release, the IMF has just warned the government that it would be
a mistake to draw too much comfort from the few indicators that appear to show an
improving economic situation. It may be true that growth is rising and reserves are at a
high level, sufficient to cover five months of imports. But the IMF has just concluded a
detailed assessment of the countrys economy, called an Article IV consultation, and
although the full report will take some time, the release issued at the end of the talks
points to challenges in the fiscal, energy and external sectors of the economy. After
noting that growth will rise to 5pc by the end of the fiscal year, and could accelerate to
6pc in the medium term, the Fund says that stronger fiscal consolidation is needed
since revenue in the first half of the quarter has suffered due to the incentives given to
boost exports. It also wants to see greater exchange rate flexibility to help meet
expected outflows as well as the growing trade deficit, bringing the power sector to full
cost recovery to deal with the circular debt, and a prudent monetary policy. These are
not minor steps, and whether or not the government can muster the will to undertake
them remains to be seen.
What also remains to be seen is how long the present moment of comfort will last. For a
while now, the Fund has been saying that Pakistan is in the middle of a moment of
opportunity, and strong steps are needed to put this comfort on a sustainable footing.
But this is a country where many moments of opportunity lie buried. The government
needs to take these words seriously because they are being echoed more widely with
the passage of time, and our history shows that there is a long track record of
squandered opportunities with repeated approaches to the IMF once a comfortable level
of reserves dissipates. Of all the challenges, the one facing the external sector deserves
the most serious attention, although the government is coming under increasing
pressure to mobilise resources to maintain present levels of development spending
along with a growing security bill. With large outflows expected to begin in a few years,
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 24
April 2017
while exports and remittances continue to suffer, the external sector could see renewed
stress sooner than expected. This is not a time for complacency.
Trump-Sisi bonhomie
FLUSHED with success he may be, but Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi should
know there is no guarantee that the praise Donald Trump heaped upon him will
translate itself into more American aid. At the White House on Monday, the American
president went overboard in welcoming the Egyptian strongman and said Mr Sisi should
know that he would find a great friend and ally in the United States, because Mr Sisi
was doing a fantastic job in a very difficult situation. What exactly is the fantastic job
Mr Sisi is doing? There is no doubt Egypt, too, faces a terrorist challenge from the
militant Islamic State group in the Sinai and obviously needs support from the world
community, including, of course, the superpower. But there is nothing fantastic about
it, for Egypts terrorism challenge is far less severe than what many other Middle
Eastern nations have been facing. Mr Sisis regime is guilty of gross human rights
violations, including the crackdown on dissidents, following the overthrow of Egypts first
elected government headed by Mohammed Morsi of the Muslim Brotherhood. Since
that unconstitutional seizure of power, Mr Sisi has held bogus elections to have himself
elected president. This sabotage of the Arab Spring doesnt seem to attract President
Trumps attention, and all he could say by way of criticism was that he and Mr Sisi had
a few things on which they do not agree these few things included Egypts 40,000
political prisoners.
What actually has endeared Mr Sisi to the US president is the formers virtual
abandonment of Egypts role in the Palestinian question. Throughout last century, Egypt
had played a key role in the Arab awakening, especially during the Nasser era, but Mr
Sisis abandonment of this role is a tragedy for the Arab world. However, as US officials
have hinted, there is no guarantee of more American money for Egypt, because the
Trump administration has decided on a 28.7pc cut in the State Department budget.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 25
April 2017
The reactions to the missile attack have been in line with current geopolitical divisions.
Americas allies have hailed the military intervention. These include the European
states, Turkey, many Arab countries as well as Israel. On the other hand, Russia, Mr
Assads key military backer, has come down hard on the US for launching the strike.
Iran, another major supporter of the Damascus government, has also condemned the
US military action.
The Idlib chemical attack, in which over 50 people are believed to have perished, was
an abominable crime, as indeed are all attacks which involve such ghastly weapons. It
is also true that Mr Assads forces have employed brutal methods in crushing dissent,
while the rebels moderate or otherwise have replied in similarly brutal fashion.
However, it is necessary to note here, and without getting bogged down in conspiracy
theories, that where the chemical attack is concerned there is need for caution. If Mr
Assads forces were involved in the Idlib attack, they must face justice. However, in the
past there have also been strong suspicions that extremist rebels have carried out
chemical attacks; American journalist Seymour Hersh wrote that the 2013 Ghouta
chemical attack may have been carried out by the Nusra Front. But regardless of who is
responsible for such chemical attacks, it should be the UNs responsibility to investigate
and bring to justice the perpetrators. The US cannot be allowed to unilaterally play the
international policeman; its record shows that previous military interventions have only
exacerbated the situation. The removal of Saddam Hussein, under the pretext of
weapons of mass destruction, springs to mind. Syria is a mess, with hundreds of
thousands dead and millions displaced and the US should not be igniting a wider
conflagration through the use of its military muscle. The world community, under UN
auspices, must act to prevent any future use of chemical weapons, as well as a further
expansion of the Syrian conflict through unilateral actions.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 26
April 2017
IHK defiance
AN entire cricket club team in India-held Kashmir detained for wearing the uniform of
the Pakistani cricket team and standing up as Pakistans national anthem was played.
Kashmiris do have a knack for showing their defiance in bold ways. No talk of peace
between Pakistan and India can disregard the plight of the Kashmiris across the LoC.
The issue will dominate the agenda of Pakistan-India engagement at any level. In fact,
in the past, Kashmiris in the held territory have employed even more innovative tactics
than donning the Pakistan teams green jersey. But this method was also effective. IHK
has been seething with anger in the aftermath of the killing of Burhan Wani last July.
The emphasis on the BJP-driven Hindu nationalism has been asphyxiating and not
just for Kashmiri Muslims, whose feelings must have been compounded by the sense of
insecurity that is being experienced by minorities all over India. Against this background,
the statement made by the young cricketers in held Kashmir provides a useful insight
into the high level of disillusionment that prevails. The gesture was reflective of the
peoples desperation a sentiment that is also echoed in the official step to detain the
cricket team for the unforgivable folly of creating a Pakistani island on the disputed land.
It is improbable that any government would have ignored it. Letting it pass without
condemnation and without cracking down on dissenters would have been an unlikely
scenario, especially considering the harsh tone that the BJP, which is a coalition partner
in IHK, has repeatedly adopted on the issue.
From another perspective, the latest show of defiance by the Kashmiris may also give
the practitioners of the politics of divisiveness and hate an opportunity to cite the
incident as proof that the Kashmiri uprising, before and after the Wani killing, has not
been as indigenous as many describe it. The Kashmiris will not mind this at all. The
display of reverence towards the Pakistani colours and national anthem whatever the
original intention may be does convey a strong message far and wide. That this show
of defiance did not involve any violence on the part of the Kashmiris may be a sign that
it is in the interest of all parties to seek solutions without resorting to violence. This is
what should set the tone for the dialogue with India which Pakistan has once more said
it is ready for.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 27
April 2017
Misbahs retirement
IT may be a tad trite to say he came, he saw, he conquered, but perhaps the phrase
best sums up the distinguished career of Pakistan Test captain Misbah-ul-Haq, who has
announced his plans to retire at the end of the series against the West Indies that starts
later this month. There is hardly a job that is more challenging and thankless in world
cricket than being captain of the Pakistani team. But Misbah, who had a mountain to
climb when he took charge of a disgraced unit in the aftermath of the spot-fixing scam in
England in 2010, bore his load without fuss. Calm and affable, and always a man of few
words, Misbah has achieved a great deal in his rather short career by hoisting the team
to the top of the ICC Test rankings last August. His dislike of arrogance on the field and
his uncomplicated manner of playing the game are qualities alien to many of his
charges. However, his obstinacy and skill at the crease have often proved intimidating
to bowlers and have earned the respect of colleagues and adversaries alike.
Of course, Misbah wanted to win everything, and almost did as Pakistan cricket enjoyed
a golden run in the UAE, its adopted home since 2009. But his credentials as a natural
leader were questioned by some critics who blamed him for inculcating a defensive
mindset in the team. Heavy defeats in South Africa in Test matches and the recent
drubbing Down Under also somewhat blotted his otherwise almost unblemished career
as captain, though he led Pakistan to a famous drawn series with England last year. At
43, Misbah remains the fittest and most competitive of Pakistani players, traits that
convinced the PCB to overlook the need to groom his successor in the game
although, by Misbahs own admission, the dashing wicketkeeper-batsman Sarfraz
Ahmed is ready to assume the role. Nevertheless, it is quite clear that Misbahs will be a
tough act to follow.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 28
April 2017
US-led war in Afghanistan against the Taliban and Al Qaeda after 9/11 illustrates the
difficulty of maintaining a consistent narrative. The war in Afghanistan after 9/11 was
sanctioned by the UN and triggered by Al Qaedas transnational war on the US.
In a welcome complement to Mr Khans candid remarks, army chief Gen Qamar Bajwa
has been quoted by the ISPR as having told the Afghan defence attach in London that
he feels the pain of every victim of terrorism in Afghanistan as much as he does that of
Pakistani victims. The generals comments are important because it signals a shift away
from the acrimony earlier this year, especially after the Sehwan carnage and the closure
of the Pak-Afghan border. As Gen Bajwa appears to be recognising, language and tone
matter; the disputes between Afghanistan and Pakistan are too serious and complex to
allow emotionalism, however understandable, to further complicate relations. Pakistan
has rightful concerns about anti-Pakistan militant sanctuaries in Afghanistan and the
significant gains in the fight against militancy domestically cannot be allowed to be
compromised or reversed because of Afghan inaction. Yet, there is a sensible way for
Pakistan to press its concerns and a mutually beneficial, cooperative framework can be
established. After all, Afghanistan has long-standing concerns and demands of Pakistan
and the dictates of geography, history and populations all point to cooperation as the
only path to sustainable regional peace.
First, though, an internal reckoning must take place in Pakistan. Between Mr Khans
candour and Gen Bajwas empathy lies a possible response: a combination of
reassessing history in light of what are now clear policy mistakes and a people-centric
view of security in the region. Afghanistan has been wracked by war almost
continuously for nearly four decades now; Pakistan shaken by more militancy and
terrorism since the turn of the century. The reasons can be debated, but the connection
between peace and stability in Pakistan and peace and stability in Afghanistan is
undeniable. All policies of both countries must recognise and positively act on the
Climate oddities
THE irregular pattern of snowfall in Murree and the wider Galiyat area is yet another
sign that, slowly and perhaps irreversibly, our climate is changing. This is the first time
in 39 years that snow has fallen in this area in the month of April; March also saw
unusually warm temperatures followed by heavy snowfall. Add to this the fact that the
region saw its hottest summer on record in 2016, and we have a picture of very odd
climate patterns battering the hills. Pakistan is one of the countries most vulnerable to
climate change as it depends heavily on river flows that originate from mountain
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 29
April 2017
snowfall. Each monsoon season has been bringing with it unusual rainfall, and now
winters and spring are also beginning to see bizarre weather patterns emerge. As an
agrarian country, there are grounds to be extremely concerned about the impact this
situation will have on cropping cycles and patterns.
That concern needs to be felt at the highest levels of government. At the moment, the
climate change ministry is mostly involved in public relations work. It should take the
challenge more seriously; it needs to lead the effort to improve weather monitoring and
the forecasting capabilities of the Met department, as well as coordinate with the
provincial governments to develop and disseminate adaptive strategies for farmers.
Hardly any research has been done in the country to look at what adaptive strategies
might be available such as new seed varieties that are more resistant to changing
weather patterns. Far more also needs to be done to generate flood alerts and
response plans, for which coordination with the local authorities is crucial. Pakistan is
flying blind into a possible storm without making efforts along these lines. All manner of
help is available from the international community, but thus far, nobody from the
government, not even the climate change ministry, seems particularly interested beyond
attending a few regional seminars. The ministrys website shows only two books and
two monographs published over a decade ago as its research output. Of the nine
projects listed there, more than half were also from a decade ago. Signs of climate
change are all around us now, sometimes coming in benign forms like a spring snowfall,
and at other times as massive cloudbursts that cause floods and glacial lake outbursts.
But each time our response is to muddle through and revert to business as usual once
the skies clear.
Landslide tragedy
THE tragedy that overtook Zamir Gul and his family in the Gulshan-i-Ghazi area of
Karachis Baldia Town in the early hours of Thursday is of such proportions that it is
difficult to dwell upon it. The family of eight, along with an aunt and cousin, were asleep
in their house which appeared a fairly solid bricks-and-mortar construction when a
massive piece of rock detached itself from the hills. The ensuing landslide buried their
home, and although horrified neighbours came out almost immediately to try and rescue
the inhabitants, Zamir Gul and two of his daughters were dead, as was their cousin.
Guls son died subsequently in hospital, while three daughters were injured but,
fortunately, survived. Why did the landslide occur? Officials blame the encroachments
that the hills are covered with, where land upon which to construct is almost literally
created by carving out space from the rocks. Further, sewage from the homes here
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 30
April 2017
flows directly into the mud. This has the effect of loosening the soil over a period of time
and thus making the terrain more prone to landslides and collapses.
The administration has ordered evacuation from other structures and initiated an anti-
encroachment drive with the help of heavy machinery. But it cannot be allowed to put
the entire blame on the encroachments. It is true that low-income groups often build on
land that might not be regularised or even safe. But what needs to be addressed is why
this practice has become so prevalent not just in Karachi but across the country.
Over decades, successive governments at the centre and in the provinces have failed
to make low-income housing or locations for it available in the numbers required.
Resultantly, people build wherever they can. Unless this glaring inefficiency is rectified,
such tragedies will strike again and again. Evacuations and anti-encroachment drives
are all very well, but it is also the job of the state to concern itself with where the people
are meant to live.
The much-lamented fate of the National Action Plan and the moribund National
Counter-Terrorism Authority in Pakistan are perhaps the most visible failures. In the
wake of a particularly devastating terrorist attack or a wave of attacks, a by now familiar
series of reactions occurs. A public and media outcry puts pressure on the state; the
civil and military leadership hold emergency meetings; some highly visible actions are
taken; and solemn promises are made to tackle the more complex facets of militancy,
terrorism and extremism on a sustained basis. But the sustained response does not
materialise, at least not in a meaningful manner. Consider the most recent days in the
country: a relatively calm spell with no major acts of terrorism is precisely the time and
space in which empowered institutions such as Nacta and empowered committees
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 31
April 2017
dealing with specific parts of NAP ought to have been working in the background. Yet,
there is no evidence to suggest that is the case, especially since Nacta remains grossly
underfunded and counter-extremism appears to have again fallen off the agenda.
To be sure, a wave of attacks requires an urgent response by the state. But the
probability of another series of attacks can only be lowered if empowered, well-
resourced, terrorism-specific institutions are allowed to function during the relatively
calm spells. Counter-extremism in particular cannot be conceptualised and a policy road
map drawn up or executed in a sporadic manner. Speeches by the prime minister and
expressions of resolve by the military leadership do not amount to a counter-extremism
policy. In this regard, the onus is necessarily on the civilian leadership. Why is Nacta
moribund, NAP patchily implemented and a counter-extremism policy as elusive as
JUI-Fs centenary
THE Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam has become a constant feature of mainstream politics in
Pakistan, especially the faction led by Maulana Fazlur Rahman. It is a party with a
distinct conservative vote bank while the maulana has played key roles in governing
coalitions, joining forces with both likeminded political forces as well as those more to
the left of the ideological spectrum. This weekend, in the town of Azakhel in Khyber
Pakhtunkhwas Nowshera district, the JUI-F celebrated its centenary. It is actually the
centennial of the Jamiat Ulema-i-Hind as the JUI was formed much later, but the JUI-F
considering itself the most worthy spiritual heir of the JUH feels it is best placed to
mark the milestone in Pakistan. The gathering featured some high-profile guests,
including one of the imams of Makkahs Masjid al-Haram, as well as the Saudi religious
affairs minister. Additionally, in this era, where religious militancy poses an existential
threat to Pakistan and many other Muslim states, Maulana Fazl seemed to be making
all the right noises at the centenary celebrations. On Friday, he told a massive crowd
that his party rejected violence, while also condemning sectarianism and extremism.
Although the JUI-Fs politics are undoubtedly conservative and it can hardly be
considered a progressive force, the democratic superstructure in this country should be
strong enough to support various political ideologies, as long as parties adhere to the
Constitution and the fundamental rights enshrined therein. The JUI-F, regardless of its
right-wing stances, has pledged to work within the system and at one time even resisted
the Ziaul Haq dictatorship. Having said that, the party has had a complex relationship
with militancy. For example, some unabashedly sectarian and extremist characters
have emerged from within its ranks and then left it to form or join much more violent
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 32
April 2017
outfits. However, Fazlur Rahman has talked of moderation; in fact, around a decade
ago, the JUI-Fs Nazaryati (ideological) faction in Balochistan now having rejoined
the party split from the main body as it perceived that the maulana was not vocal
enough in his support for the Afghan Taliban. Perhaps the biggest challenge facing him
today is to resist hardliners within the party, as well as to not change the JUI-Fs
narrative to please extremists on the outside. The JUI-F can play a key role in
moderating rightist elements, and convincing them to play by the rules of the democratic
Crimes against children, particularly in societies like ours that delude themselves that
their family structure insulates minors from the violence and inequity around them, elicit
public revulsion in the extreme. However, notwithstanding the enormity of the incidents
in Kasur and Swat which involved scores of victims, if not hundreds there has
been little progress on strengthening the legislation that deals with child sexual abuse
and pornography. The conveners remark, while unfortunate, is not an isolated opinion.
There remains a widespread lack of understanding of the issue, of sexual coercion and
what constitutes consent, not to mention the long-term repercussions of the crime. In
the internet age, physical proximity is immaterial for grooming children. The deep web
has websites and chat rooms where paedophiles can indulge their illicit predilection,
share images etc. Protecting children from predators has become more complex than
ever, but we remain in blissful ignorance.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 33
April 2017
For one, the gap and the subsequent reconciliation exercises launched to bring clarity to
it are evidence that the State Bank does not have a clear picture of the inflows and
outflows associated with CPECs growing presence in the country. This could be one
reason why we are unable to generate a clear picture on what liabilities and future
outflow burdens are being taken on under the CPEC umbrella. The lack of transparency
is evident because even the central bank, the custodian of the countrys foreign
exchange reserves, cannot make the projections so vital to building a medium-term
view on the viability of the external sector. But more troubling are the deeper
ramifications. How much of this gap is covering misdeclarations in CPEC imports
through over-invoicing? The matter is of urgent public interest because ultimately these
imports will be paid back from money collected through the power tariffs to be paid by
the consuming public.
Once the data is reconciled, there is going to be a large jump in the current account
deficit of the country, which has already ballooned to troubling levels. We are assured
that the net effect on the balance of payments will be zero, since this will be covered by
a corresponding increase in financial account inflows, but those are debt-creating and
we will still need a clearer picture on how their repayment obligations will be met.
Meanwhile, a significant amount of damage has already been done to the integrity of
our data, and by extension, to the financial credibility of the projects whose import
requirements are responsible for this discrepancy. The finance ministry and Planning
Commission must do more to ensure that all inflows and outflows under the project are
in compliance with the countrys data reporting requirements because they are the
primary stakeholders in the economic picture that CPEC is working to build. If Chinese
enterprises have been given a free hand to bypass Pakistani reporting requirements,
then this allowance must be withdrawn.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 34
April 2017
Icon of peace
In a country with a more assured sense of identity and its place in the world, Malala
Yousafzais latest accolade would have been cause for an outpouring of national pride.
After all, being appointed a UN Messenger of Peace, the highest honour that can be
bestowed by the UN secretary general, is no mean feat even for a winner of the
Nobel Peace Prize, and the youngest ever laureate to boot.
This time around too, Malala, now 19, is the youngest ever messenger of peace, and
the first Pakistani designated as such. To appreciate the enormity of this achievement,
consider some of the distinguished high-achievers currently on the list: among them,
astronaut Scott Kelly, anthropologist Jane Goodall and cellist Yo-Yo Ma.
Why then the deafening silence from the government and the churlish lack of
acknowledgement from most of Malalas fellow citizens who do not hesitate to play
up the Pakistani connections, however nebulous, of people with far less consequential
Therein lies a clue to our societys contrariness and the confoundedly perverse lens
through which it views the world, indeed to the self-fulfilling prophecy of its perpetual
For Malala was an advocate for education long before she was shot in the head by a
TTP militant in October 2012 when she was 14; she had even won a certain degree of
international recognition for her courageous activism.
But the attack, which required her to be flown to the UK for treatment, elevated her
global profile exponentially. It was then, inexplicably, that perceptions about her in her
country began to shift. The more praise she garnered from world leaders which
increasingly became the case given that her brush with death did nothing to deter her
from tirelessly campaigning for universal education the more reviled she became at
Though but a child, she was labelled a Western agent, a traitor, anti-Islam etc. The
malevolence directed at her since then has been such that Malala who should have
been the pride of Pakistan, is forced to live in self-exile, the threat to her life in her
country very real and ever-present.
Meanwhile, her Malala Fund continues doing laudable work for girls education in
several African and Middle Eastern countries. And also in Pakistan, whose people sadly
do not have the clear-headedness to see this remarkable young woman for what she is:
an eloquent force for good in an increasingly violent world.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 35
April 2017
It is worrisome to note that doctors say that over 100 people are diagnosed daily with
Parkinsons in Pakistan, and, although its exact cause is unknown, it is often linked to
both environmental and genetic factors,. Although most patients receiving diagnosis and
treatment should live long and active lives, new drugs are needed to reverse the
progression of this disease. This is also because it frequently strikes young people,
such as actor Michael J. Fox, leaving them with debilitating mobility issues. It is difficult
to detect Parkinsons in the early stages, and doctors must learn to observe patients
closely to administer treatment. Further, because this disease is often misdiagnosed as
an old persons ailment, the global research community should campaign more
vociferously for better treatment and an eventual cure.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 36
April 2017
Finally, there are questions about the way forward. Spy wars between India and
Pakistan erupt on occasion; the tit-for-tat actions against high commission officials in
Islamabad and New Delhi last year being the most recent public incident. But Jadhavs
case is far beyond routine action and could herald a new, highly destabilising round of
covert actions by one country against the others security and intelligence apparatus. It
can only be hoped that back-channel communications or third-party interventions will
help India and Pakistan quickly de-escalate tensions and, if necessary, establish new
rules on the spycraft that all countries carry. Surely, no matter what the unspoken rules
of spycraft may be, there ought to be no space for Indian nationals to be prowling
around in Balochistan, let alone unauthorised entry anywhere in the territory of a
nuclear-armed rival. The case of Kulbhushan Jadhav must not be allowed to repeat
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 37
April 2017
Well-deserved Pulitzer
THE Panama Papers leak by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists
(ICIJ) was arguably the biggest journalistic scoop ever, and possibly the first time that
journalists working together managed to create a splash whose impact was felt
worldwide. One is hard-pressed to think of any other story produced by any journalist
that has had even a remotely comparable global impact. The leak was not a minor one.
It involved 11.5m documents from one of the worlds most opaque corners an
offshore haven used by criminals, billionaires and politicians to hold, launder and
transact in a murky sphere beyond the reach of any state regulatory authority. All
manner of ill-gotten gains and dirty money swirls around in this world, and the trail of
ownership that came out of the Panamanian firm whose documents were leaked went
from the presidents of Russia and Ukraine, to the prime minister of Iceland and the son
of Egypts former strongman Hosni Mubarak, amongst many others. Most significantly
for Pakistan, there appeared to be a direct link to the daughter of Prime Minister Nawaz
Sharif, as well as assorted billionaires and the family of the man referred to as the father
of the countrys nuclear programme.
Here is proof that in an age of fake news and alternative facts unleashed by the spread
of social media, journalism still had relevance and the capacity to make an impact that
would be felt in the most recessed power corridors of the world. More than 300
journalists belonging to over 100 news organisations spread across six continents
worked together for a year, poring over the troves of data contained in the files to cast a
light on one of the worlds darkest spots. The scale of the collaboration is
unprecedented. To enable it, the ICIJ built a platform to facilitate interaction of those on
the global team in real time across many time zones. In the end, though, the impact of
journalism is measured in the real-world effects it produces, and the Panama Papers
triggered the most intense scrutiny of tax codes around the world; not surprisingly, it
caused several heads to roll. In Pakistan, a court case holds the fate of the prime
minister in the balance. Journalists around the world should take heart from this work
and the award of the Pulitzer Prize, because it proves that the tools of their craft, and
the spirit of collaboration can yet help make the world a more transparent place.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 38
April 2017
The government has of late taken steps to allay the concerns of minorities in Pakistan.
For example, the prime ministers address during a Holi function in Karachi was
considered bold and inclusive. Moreover, the Pakistan embassy in Washington held an
event at the mission to build bridges with Pakistani-American Christians on the occasion
of Easter. These are all welcome and much-needed steps. However, the state must
realise that there are far too many militants still working to sow discord in Pakistan, with
their sights particularly set on this countrys vulnerable minorities. That is why in the run-
up to Easter, and on Easter Sunday itself, it is imperative that proper security is
provided both to churches and areas where the Christian community is likely to hold
large public events to celebrate the occasion.
Addressing an air force passing out parade, the prime minister said: Cooperation rather
than conflict and shared prosperity instead of suspicion are the hallmarks of our policy.
India was not directly mentioned, but the thrust of Mr Sharifs remarks made clear which
country he was addressing. Meanwhile, Mr Janjua has said that India and Pakistan
cannot be enemies forever and must engage in dialogue to resolve disputes.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 39
April 2017
The comments come at a time when Pakistan-India relations have plunged to a new
low. The conviction for spying and sabotage of Indian national Kulbhushan Jadhav has
the potential to inflict lasting harm on bilateral relations if not handled sensibly. Defence
Minister Khawaja Asif has done the right thing by publicly clarifying that the death
sentence against Jadhav will not and cannot be carried out quickly.
Already, however, there are indications that the decision to put Jadhav on trial may
have elicited a response by India. The recent disappearance of a retired Pakistani
military officer in Nepal in murky circumstances suggests that the spy wars between
India and Pakistan are spiralling in unpredictable directions.
The fear is that the leaderships of the two countries are locking themselves in an action-
reaction cycle that may eventually turn into open conflict. From there, ratcheting down
tension and pulling back from the brink would be far more difficult. So now is the time for
cooler heads to prevail on both sides.
If Prime Minister Sharifs approach is right and this paper wholeheartedly supports
dialogue and peaceful solutions what appears to be missing is a strategy to
implement it.
For four years now, Mr Sharif has preached the same message of regional integration,
trade and prosperity, but he has been unable to convince either the Indian government
or, seemingly, hawks in the security establishment here. The NSA too has been
ineffective, notwithstanding the occasional willingness to speak candidly.
Meanwhile, the country still does not have a foreign minister and the defence minister is
effectively irrelevant given that he has to contend with a major electricity crisis, the
power sector being his principal portfolio.
National security and foreign policy are the two domains in which even the team
advising the prime minister is ad hoc. From that self-created position of weakness, it is
unlikely Mr Sharif will have much success in implementing the vision he so often
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 40
April 2017
Destruction of heritage
FOR good reason has there been outcry over the demolition of a portion of the historical
Jufelhurst School in Karachis Soldier Bazaar area. The school and its buildings were
important parts of the citys heritage, a reminder of a past graceful to a degree that
today feels impossible. The school dated back to 1931 but the principals residence that
stood on the premises was about a century old; the establishment was declared a
heritage site some time ago, which means that it should have been protected under the
relevant laws indeed, if portions of it were dangerous, as was declared last year,
preservation and renovation work ought to have been made a priority by the provincial
government. But laws in Pakistan are often meaningless pieces of paper, as those who
held the school dear found out. In the dark of night on Sunday, the principals residence,
some rooms, and a good portion of the boundary wall were razed to the ground
despite the presence on the site of school authorities and resistance put up by them. On
Monday, IGP Sindh A.D. Khowaja launched an inquiry, and the SHO of the areas police
station was suspended. Meanwhile, the Sindh education minister has alleged that the
police played a negative role in the debacle. It is unlikely, though, that anything much
will happen beyond this.
The more serious reality that puts Pakistans heritage into jeopardy is the nation and its
bureaucracies attitude towards it myopic and tied to pecuniary or political interests.
In Lahore, heritage sites that stand being adversely affected by the Orange Line mass
transit system continue to cause concern, with city authorities having gone to the
Supreme Court in their effort to overturn the stay imposed by the Lahore High Court. In
the balance lies the fate of sites of immense importance, including Shalamar Gardens
and the Chauburji. There is no contesting the need for Lahore to have a mass transit
system, but certainly this should not be at the cost of its history. Examples of such lack
of concern abound, but there is space here to name just two more: the use of the
ancient site of Moenjodaro for a festival organised by Sindhs political authorities, and
the permission granted to use the premises of the Lahore Fort for private/commercial
functions. Until those at the helm of Pakistans affairs learn to cherish the countrys
history and heritage, this sad trajectory of destruction will not be deflected.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 41
April 2017
Openers Kamran Akmal and Ahmed Shehzad were far from reliable in the series which
put extra burden on young Baber. It was, however, heartening to see veterans Shoaib
Malik and Mohammad Hafeez chipping in with good scores though they continue to
remain under the scanner. And the less said the better about pacers Mohammad Amir
and Wahab Riaz who are a shadow of what they were in 2010. The matches were also
a test of nerves for Sarfaraz Ahmed, who made his debut as ODI skipper in the series.
He looked nervous and preoccupied and must work on his captaincy to make an impact
in the Champions Trophy to be played in England this June.
Resistance in IHK
THE valley of Kashmir is a symbol of human resistance that goes far beyond the
decades-old Pakistan-India dispute over a stretch of territory. It is a land of people who
want choices in life and who are brave and desperate enough to lay down their lives in
pursuance of their dreams of liberty. Tragically, circumstances continue to tax them,
asking for ever more sacrifices yet more evidence of their resistance came a few
days ago, when a number of people were killed during by-polls there. Considering the
angry protests that have erupted in the India-held valley since the killing of Burhan Wani
last year, bloodletting at the hands of the Indian security forces was not unexpected.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 42
April 2017
The poor turnout at polling stations itself showed the level of the peoples anger: only
7pc of the electorate came out to vote, with the result that a re-poll was ordered. This
illustrates overwhelmingly the peoples rejection of the BJP strategy to fix matters
behind closed doors.
In fact, matters as they stand now are hardly encouraging for those who had wanted to
impose some kind of solution on Kashmir. Terrorism or tourism Prime Minister
Narendra Modi had roared, his words as hollow as the earlier slogans promising
development and aimed at compensating Kashmiris for stifling their demand for
freedom. The Kashmiris are hardly convinced by the sops on offer through Mehbooba
Muftis government, or the pledge of a stable future under a BJP vision that lays stress
on Hindutva. In fact, many Kashmiris have been emboldened in their acts of defiance as
the BJP endeavours to establish a Hindu nationalist order. This sentiment is not just
voiced by Kashmiri liberation groups and their sympathisers but also by Kashmiri
leaders who have in the past worked with New Delhi to try and tame the ungovernable
valley. Among these leaders is former Kashmir chief minister Farooq Abdullah, who in
his evaluation of the situation since the killing of Burhan Wani, has warned India that
Kashmir was slipping away from its grip. He has made it absolutely clear to the BJP
government that it is digging a deep ditch for India in held Kashmir and insists that there
can be no dialogue without the inclusion of Pakistan. This pretty much sums it up for
everyone. The sooner the talks begin the better it would be for all concerned.
But will they? There are many elements in the Pakistan-India relationship that need to
be discussed by the two nuclear rivals from terrorism, to trade to visa regimes. So
far, all these elements have moved about within the parameters of a circular storyline.
And almost at every juncture, the issue of Kashmir has cropped up. A solution is
urgently required and that can only come about through sincere talks between Pakistan
and India and not without the representation of the Kashmiri people.
In a typically curt notification from the ISPR that has raised more questions than it has
answered, the country has been informed that Baloch has been transferred from police
custody to the military and is to be put on trial for espionage.
The move, announced days after the conviction of the Indian Kulbhushan Jadhav,
suggests an escalating war by the security establishment against alleged foreign
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 43
April 2017
interference in Pakistan. But there are at least two puzzling aspects to the allegations
against Uzair Baloch.
First, how did a well-known gangster from Karachis Lyari area make the transition to
espionage for a foreign state? And second, given the selective leaks to the media, what
does the suggestion of his acting on behalf of Iran say about the state of relations with a
friendly neighbour? Both questions are important because they hint at the states
evolving approach to the citizenry and a foreign policy realignment that can have
generational consequences for Pakistan.
Uzair Baloch is not a convicted criminal and is entitled to the presumption of innocence
until a court of law says otherwise. He is, though, an individual against whom there are
very credible and profoundly troubling allegations of extreme violence.
The state must find a way to punish him for crimes but the crimes he is accused of
must be credibly established. The charge of espionage has the obvious effect of taking
Baloch out of the civilian criminal justice system, where a conviction could be more
difficult, and placing him in the military system, which has a far higher rate of conviction.
But efficiency must not come at the cost of a militarisation of justice against non-military
Therefore, it is crucial that the full extent of charges against him be made public instead
of selective media leaks of investigation reports and videotaped confessions. If he has
acted on behalf of a foreign state, his actions should be clearly, credibly and fully
explained to the public. There must also be an explanation of Pakistans relations with
Iran by the government.
Following the decision to become a member of the Saudi-led military alliance against
terrorism, there has been confusion about the status of our ties with Iran. Iran is not
India; it is a friendly country with which ties should be managed carefully.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 44
April 2017
through begging, manual labour or selling flummeries. Once on the street, they are
almost certain to be subjected to further abuse, driven by virtue of their young age to the
very bottom of the pyramid of power.
As the International Day for Street Children was marked on April 12, these grim realities
barely stirred Pakistan out of its stupor. The only rally of any note was held in
Hyderabad, where members of the Child Rights Movement and the Society for the
Protection of the Rights of the Child brought out scores of these unfortunate youngsters.
The effort of these organisations is even more worthy of appreciation when contrasted
with the governments apathy. In a country where childrens right to education is
constitutionally protected, the federal and provincial bureaucracies have consistently
failed this segment of society. From the inability to check population growth to the failure
to address poverty, from the inadequacy of educational and vocational facilities to
offering scant protection, it is the state that must be blamed for the grim circumstances
these children face. It is no surprise, then, that many fall into the habit of substance
abuse, or turn to crime, or, as adults, abuse others. The numbers and state of our street
children is a blot on the nations conscience. But it is near impossible to make the state
see that and take action.
Each ghastly detail of Mashal Khans murder on Thursday illustrates this chilling fact.
The 23-year-old student at the Abdul Wali Khan University in Mardan was lynched on
campus by a mob of fellow students over allegations of blasphemy.
Video footage of the savagery unleashed upon the young man shows an enraged crowd
beating his naked body with sticks, kicking and stoning him while raising religious
slogans. Another student was also attacked for the same reason and badly injured; his
whereabouts are unknown.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 45
April 2017
workers Shama and Shahzad, burned alive by a mob in November 2014 on allegations
of blasphemy. And this is but a partial list, even in terms of the lives lost.
For the ruin of many a life has played out in the crucible of blasphemy: people driven
out of their homes, deprived of their livelihoods, sometimes even languishing in jail for
years because few lawyers now have the courage to defend them.
This is a Damocles sword that can conveniently be used to silence anyone professing
views that question or contradict the state-approved narrative. And if innocents must die
in the process, then so be it.
However, while the law should take its course in punishing those guilty of Mashal
Khans murder, voices of sanity must speak up in the face of such cynical manipulation
of religious sentiment.
Imran Khan, whose party heads the KP government, has rightly condemned Mashal
Khans lynching, vowing to resist the law of the jungle. He is, shamefully enough, so
far among the few politicians to have taken such an unequivocal stance.
Even most of the electronic media, otherwise so loquacious, has only covered Mashal
Khans murder in a superficial manner, carefully avoiding the real issues that underpin
the tragedy. Until these are debated, and the contradictions in society acknowledged,
our descent into a dystopian nightmare will continue.
Having vowed to militarily crush the militant Islamic State group, stocked his
administration with retired military leaders and seemingly in thrall to the unrivalled US
war machine, President Donald Trump has delivered another military spectacle that is
high on theatre and low on strategic planning or intent.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 46
April 2017
The fight against IS along the Pak-Afghan border is important. The group must not be
allowed to find a long-term foothold in the region. By all accounts, military operations by
the Afghan forces aided by US firepower and a small military presence on the ground
has eroded ISs strength from a high of several thousand fighters to under 1,000.
The Achin district in Nangarhar province, where the devastating bomb was dropped on
Thursday, has seen an intense campaign by Afghan and US forces for several weeks,
resulting in the first US casualty of the year in Afghanistan recently.
So why was a bomb with political, diplomatic and international repercussions dropped?
It has immediately alarmed some sections of the Afghan state and possibly alienated a
fresh swathe of the population; what the US president believes is marvellous, many
consider terrifying.
As cheering sections of the media and Trump supporters in the US suggest, the Achin
bombing is supposedly meant to signal to the wider world that Mr Trump means
business. From North Korea to IS in the Middle East, enemies of the US have
supposedly been put on notice.
But what does it mean for Afghanistan? Does it presage an announcement of more US
troops to Afghanistan, as the generals have demanded and National Security Adviser
Gen H.R. McMasters trip to the region is scheduled to determine? If so, where does
that leave a stalled reconciliation between the Afghan government and the Taliban?
The American bombing has occurred as representatives from many countries, but not
the US, gather in Moscow for a summit on peace and reconciliation. And while the
Afghan Taliban were not the target of Thursdays bombing, the perception that the US is
willing to use Afghanistan as a testing ground for its more powerful and destructive
conventional weapons cannot bode well for peace in the country.
The longest war in US history has gone from the forgotten war under Bush to the
reluctant war under Obama to what under Trump? Strategic clarity in Afghanistan is
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 47
April 2017
There can be no argument that this is a step in the right direction, with the highest
house of legislation setting an example that desperately requires emulation at all tiers. It
is by no means unprecedented for years, such facilities have been available at
several large corporate entities, though it is debatable whether the motivation stems
from concern for the mothers and children, or the hard-nosed business acumen that
deplores the loss of workers in whom the company has invested. Either way, the result
is laudable. Where day care is available, it has made a substantive difference to the
lives of those members predominantly women but also a few men of the workforce
who otherwise find themselves stymied when trying to juggle small children with work
responsibilities. Parliament House needs to follow up by running a strong advocacy
campaign that filters down to the lowest levels of employment operations, for that is
where such intervention is needed most. It is the working class that has the least
options regarding childcare, and also the most to lose by sacrificing a job. Further,
providing such options would ultimately see men taking ownership of their childrens
needs as well.
Protesting utilities
WHAT does it say for the state of our utilities and our politics when one political party
carries out a long series of rolling street protests against a power utility for overbilling,
while the chief minister of the province threatens to storm the offices of the gas utility
for its reluctance to provide fuel for a new power plant set up by the provincial
government? Of late, the streets of Karachi have been plagued by a series of protests
led by the Jamaat-i-Islami against overbilling of consumers by K-Electric. The issue is a
real one, even if the tactics of the party can be seen as trying to gain political mileage
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 48
April 2017
out of the situation. And since at least 2014, the Sindh government has been trying to
set up a gas-fired power plant using the Sindh Nooriabad Power Company Ltd, only to
face delays and obstacles. Even Nepra, the power sector regulator, said the objections
raised by these federal bodies were irrational during the hearings for the grant of a
generation licence for SNPCL.
Most recently, the project has met with opposition from the top, with the railways
minister, Saad Rafique, indicating that it is owned by Asif Ali Zardari. If these are
grounds for denying the project a licence, then the matter of ownership should have
been raised when the company applied for a generation licence. That was the moment
to raise objections such as these, but the ministry gave its approval. Now that the
project is ready to commence operations, suddenly they find that the fuel supplier, the
Sui Southern Gas Company, is demanding Rs1bn as security deposit before allowing
the 10mmcfd of gas the plant requires. No wonder the chief minister has resorted to
such thundering rhetoric.
But the protests and rhetoric are not likely to sway any minds in the utilities. Power and
fuel decisions lie largely in the domain of the federal government, and it is there that the
problem is located. In both cases, that of alleged overbilling by K-Electric, and the
obstructions that the Sindh government has had to face in setting up a power project
that has all the approvals it needs from the regulator and the power ministry, the critical
role of the federal government is missing. The obstacles faced by SNPCL are all
creations of entities reporting directly to the centre, whereas other projects that are
viewed more favourably find their path smoother. Likewise, in the matter of overbilling,
Nepra has an important role to play in oversight, but the reason why there are street
protests is because this role has not been discharged properly. The highly
disaggregated and diffuse responsibilities across the power sector have created the
conditions that give us protests on the streets and threats in the provincial assembly.
N. Korea-US tensions
WHILE the worlds attention is mostly glued to hot spots such as the Middle East and
South Asia, trouble is brewing in another, equally combustible region: the Korean
Peninsula. Of recent, there has been a disturbing exchange of rhetoric between the
opaque regime in Pyongyang, and the Trump administration in Washington D.C. To put
it cautiously, neither government is a stranger to provocation: the former is a strange
autocracy known for taking bizarre decisions, while the latter is known to make boorish
foreign policy decisions in a unilateral fashion. On Saturday, as North Korea marked the
birthday of its founding father Kim Il-sung amidst a display of military might, Kims
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 49
April 2017
grandson and current strongman Kim Jong-un warned the US to be prepared for a
nuclear attack. Considering the Norths nuclear arsenal and its eccentric nature, this
rhetoric should not be taken lightly. The US, on its part, has threatened to take care of
Pyongyangs nukes as an American naval strike force has moved towards the Korean
Peninsula. Further evidence that things are heating up to an uncomfortable level came
in the shape of a warning on Friday from Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi that war
could break out at any moment in the peninsula. The Chinese are known not to
exaggerate, which is why the warning must be taken very seriously by the global
Relations between North Korea and the US have been bitter ever since the Korean
War, when the peninsula was bifurcated into the communist North and the capitalist
South. In fact, this bitterness has survived the end of the Cold War, and today may
trigger a new conflagration if the global community does not act in a timely manner to
douse the flames of aggression. Pyongyangs rhetoric for long has been troubling, as
the one-party state has threatened to nuke the South and the US. However, the Trump
administration has also made little effort to engage North Korea, indeed adopting a tone
of bellicosity and arrogance. Some have said the recent rain of Tomahawks over a
Syrian airbase and the dropping of the mother of all bombs on suspected militants in
Afghanistan was a message to Pyongyang. The thought of a nuclear war in any part of
the world is horrific. That is why in this situation China which is one of North Koreas
few friends must play a role to end the madness and prevent the escalation of
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 50
April 2017
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan, which actually needed to lag behind the other
provinces in this race, account for the other 50pc.
The same report was not simply content with giving out estimated figures about
cigarette smoking; it ventured into the most difficult territory where an attempt was made
to gauge the changes in the behaviour of the people in the context of tobacco addiction.
A change towards the positive was noted where the smokers now at least appeared to
find it tougher than before to argue their case. It is clear that the government has also
been forced to adopt a similarly defensive approach in the face of aggressive
campaigning by the anti-tobacco camp. This has so far failed to translate into the will to
implement the existing laws, let alone come up with any other strategy to curb the
rampant use of tobacco.
Absent legislators
THE government has extended assurances to a rightly angered and frustrated Senate
chairman Raza Rabbani, but it does appear that the democratic process has reached a
crisis point. In abruptly cancelling an ongoing Senate session on Friday, Mr Rabbanis
reaction may have been extreme and perhaps could have been expressed in another
way; however, there has been undeniably a great deal of provocation and a record
stretching back through the term of this government of ministers disregarding
parliament. It is, in fact, a domino effect starting at the very top. Prime Minister Nawaz
Sharif appears to disdain parliament, his appearances in the National Assembly being
so few as to have become national events when he does deign to go to parliament. That
is all the more perplexing given that his official residence is, quite literally, a stones
throw from parliament.
Mr Sharifs apparent dislike for parliament filters down to ministers, many of whom
regularly skip its sessions. And the absence of ministers leaves backbenchers with little
incentive to appear in parliament, meaning that quorum is often not achieved. Senators
may be a bit more conscientious about ensuring their presence, but the same overall
dynamic in the National Assembly applies in the Senate. Meanwhile, senior opposition
figures, especially Imran Khan, also routinely skip parliament an arrogant rejection of
the peoples house that he competed so fiercely to be a part of during elections. What is
particularly disheartening is that each and every one of the parliamentary scofflaws has
time for all manner of activities outside parliament. Prime Minister Sharif tours the
country giving political speeches and inaugurating projects big and small. Ministers
make daily appearances on talk shows, sometimes making multiple appearances
across TV channels and mostly seated alongside journalists and pundits. The TV
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 51
April 2017
cameras outside parliament draw more parliamentarians than the microphones inside
the parliamentary halls.
Human development
OVER the last two decades most of South Asia has witnessed progress in human
development. More children are in school, people are living longer, and there is greater
access to basic social services. That said, countries such as Pakistan and Afghanistan
rank low on human development indicators because of severe neglect of public health
and education, according to Health in South Asia, a collection of analyses launched
recently in Delhi. Examining rising infant mortality, vulnerability to infectious diseases
and the poor capacity to respond to outbreaks, this research finds that the level of
preparedness is inadequate to protect public health in South Asia home to a quarter
of the worlds population. The findings are no secret especially in countries where
extreme poverty, child deaths, stunted development and limited future productivity have
hampered progress. Noting that Afghanistan has the highest fertility rate followed by
Pakistan, the work underscores the need for governments to invest in early childhood
years through quality schooling, nutrition and healthcare. In Pakistan alone, 800,000
children die annually, more than 35pc from malnutrition. Regrettably, even such grim
statistics fail to jolt our governments conscience. For starters, with the population
growing at the annual rate of almost 2pc, the government must campaign for smaller
families with greater vigour across the country, and invest in accelerated family planning
and female literacy to lower the fertility rate. With its pulse on economic development
policies, the PML-N surely realises that investment and sound policies in health,
education and good governance are the only way to create a quality workforce.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 52
April 2017
It is unacceptable that, regionally, Pakistan has the highest rate of infant mortality when
the government is obligated to implement policy changes having signed up to the
SDGs. Moreover, the World Bank has said it will name and shame countries before
potential investors for failing to tackle stunting. When children die of hunger the lack of
government action and outrage is a stain on our collective conscience. What are the
authorities doing to alleviate the suffering of 400,000 starving children in Thar as
reported in this paper? Even with international food fortification assistance to the tune of
over $1m, malnutrition has unforgivably burgeoned. Our government should heed Nobel
laureate Amartya Sens theory: investing in people and in the grey matter of our children
is the way to growth.
Illegal brokerages
THE corporate regulator is doing the right thing by cracking down on unregistered
brokerage houses, and its efforts need to be expanded to include unlicensed currency
dealers as well. Unlicensed operators are the bane of the financial services industry,
flouting regulations designed to protect the consumers interest, engaging in practices
that destabilise the markets, such as manipulative trades or hawala money transfers.
The greatest damage, of course, is done to the interests of the retail consumer, who
relies on the trust that underlies all financial markets, and often finds that either a broker
or currency dealer has made off with his clients funds. These practices must be halted,
and the start to that process is cracking down on those known to be operating in the
shadows. Eventually, the SECP will need to buttress its efforts through stronger
surveillance and pre-emptive action.
Unlicensed brokers and currency dealers also facilitate the crime of money laundering
that is endangering the financial systems ability to interact with the outside world,
adding to the processing burden for the State Bank, and most importantly, providing a
channel for ill-gotten gains to enter and leave the country. In the past, the SECP has
tried to move against these practices more than a decade ago, it was fortunate
enough to have a strong and independent-minded chairman, but that individual did not
last long. The roots of the rackets that the SECP is moving against run very deep, and
through benami transactions, as well as other ghost accounts, underground brokers
provide the services that are used by large players to game particular stocks. The nexus
runs from small to large, and soon enough, once the effects of the crackdown begin to
be felt by the larger players who use these benami and ghost accounts, there will
inevitably come a strong pushback. That is the moment when we will know whether or
not the government is serious about cleaning up the financial system.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 53
April 2017
The attempt was a foolhardy gamble and was crushed by Turkish citizens, no matter
on which side of the political divide they were. Millions the world over saw men and
women hurl themselves on tanks to proclaim their attachment to democracy and
abhorrence of military rule. Yet Mr Erodgans own reaction stunned even his most
ardent admirers as he launched what looked like a crackdown on his people, and began
a frenzied purge that saw nearly100,000 people jailed, including generals, teachers and
newspersons, with thousands sacked; his ire focused on US-based cleric Fethullah
Gulen. In fact, the very purpose of the three-month emergency in Mr Erdogans words
was to remove swiftly all the elements of the terrorist organisation a reference to
the vast social network founded in Turkey by Mr Gulen.
Since he came to power in 2002, Mr Erdogan has some achievements to his credit,
including the consolidation of civilian supremacy and a robust economic growth. But
over the one and a half decades of his rule, he has gradually moved away from some
fundamentals of Ataturks policies. His criticism of the Treaty of Lausanne a superb
diplomatic achievement by Ismet Inonu had the ghost of an Ottoman redux about it,
and the rhetoric by him and his ministers over the coup attempt annoyed both Europe
and America. Now armed with a fresh mandate, Mr Erdogan should shun
vindictiveness, show magnanimity, unite a divided nation, use his new powers to end
Turkeys deep state image and revitalise the economy.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 54
April 2017
While Afghanistan and Pakistan have in recent times engaged in more verbal sparring
publicly than demonstrated a resolve to find solutions to mutual problems of cross-
border militancy, it has long been clear that the two need to work together if militancy is
to be defeated. Army chief Gen Qamar Bajwa has made a welcome effort to change the
tone of bilateral ties in his recent comments comparing the suffering of Afghanistan from
terrorism with that of Pakistan. If that effort has been complemented by fresh behind-
the-scenes attempts to address the problem of Afghanistan-based TTP sanctuaries,
then it can be hoped that more high-value targets hiding along the Pak-Afghan border
will be captured soon. While the militants capacity to regenerate and replace senior
leaders is well known, there is little doubt that capture or elimination of senior leaders is
significantly disruptive to militant groups. Moreover, capture can provide vital
information that may not otherwise be available. Ehsanullah Ehsan has claimed some of
the most violent attacks inside Pakistan; Maulana Fazlullah is a long-surviving militant
leader; and many more such names continue to elude justice. It is time for their freedom
to end.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 55
April 2017
With Pakistan committed to ending AIDS by 2030 in line with the UN SDGs, it must
create conditions to achieve the UNAIDS 90-90-90 treatment target impossible
without political will and resource investment. This ambitious target calls for 90pc of
people living with HIV to know their status, 90pc to access antiretroviral treatment and
90pc on treatment to have suppressed viral loads. Having received assistance from the
Global Fund to fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, the government must disburse
these funds for instituting preventive measures, especially targeting high-risk groups
such as sex workers and drug users. In conclusion, testing and treatment should be
made fully available countrywide beyond tokenistic handouts.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 56
April 2017
him and his family in a way that it cannot be for anyone else, however affected by this
ghastly murder. Yet Iqbal Jan has chosen not to make it only about his personal loss.
He has asked that his sons killers be punished, not to bring closure to his family but so
that no other family experiences the grief they have to endure.
More people must heed the call that Mashals father has given, his plea for peace and
tolerance against what he described as forces of darkness that drown out the light.
While Imran Khan spoke out promptly to condemn the murder, others were slow off the
mark, apparently waiting for the blasphemy allegation to be refuted by authorities before
they committed themselves. They betrayed their narrow thinking, not to mention their
cowardice, by their silence. This lynching, and those that have come before, are about
much more than blasphemy. They are about the utter absence of the rule of law and the
conviction among certain segments of society that acts of extreme violence can be
committed with impunity as long as the tag of blasphemer is attached to the target.
More evidence, some of it on video, has emerged about the motive behind the
murderous attack on Mashal and the threats what else but of being accused of
blasphemy? given to those on the scene not to reveal the identity of the person who
shot him.
Sometimes out of tragedy, a chance at redemption presents itself. This is that moment.
It is an opportunity for this countrys leadership to rein in what has become an out-of-
control epidemic of vigilante justice, an aberration of the very concept of justice, driven
as it is by raw emotion often manipulated by vested interests rather than based on
evidence and administered by a court of law. There has been talk now and then of
enacting legislation to make false allegation of blasphemy a punishable offence. Several
senators on Monday once again called for such an amendment to the blasphemy law.
The state must rise to the occasion. The least we can do is ensure that Mashal did not
die in vain.
Risks to growth
THE World Bank has served up another reminder that Pakistans economy is on a
growth path, reserves are high, inflation is on target, and all other indicators are
improving, but risks from the fiscal and external side remain a source of concern. This
constant refrain, of a steadily growing economy with strong caveats hanging over it, is
now becoming ubiquitous. Almost every entity other than the government itself, is
qualifying its assessment of the growing economy with the observation that the risks are
growing alongside as well. The World Bank has presented its assessment in a report
titled South Asia Economic Focus, which takes a close look at the impact that a growing
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 57
April 2017
Pakistan tracks the rest of the region in its developments, but the risks it faces are
unique to it. The report notes South Asia may even stand to benefit from the backlash,
due to fortuitous circumstances, but in the case of Pakistan, the approach of elections
could cause the leadership to take its eye off the ball, resulting in the growth process
losing momentum and any reforms fizzling out. Aside from this, the additional risks
pointed out by the World Bank emanate from the same areas identified by others: rising
trade deficit and falling remittances. Therefore, the current account is experiencing
some pressure, state the authors, going one step beyond the State Bank which pointed
to the external account as a source of worry in its last report, but stopped short of
saying it was coming under pressure. Likewise, the fiscal framework is also taking some
pressure, with the deficit widening by 0.7 percentage points in the first half of the fiscal
year compared to the same period last year. With headwinds expected from the global
economy depending on how Brexit works out, and how US economic policy shapes up
under the new administration, the World Bank says the risks facing the economy are
significant. It is worth noting that by now almost all institutional assessments of the
economy, and its seemingly comfortable position, are in agreement on this point. With
high reserves and growth ramping up, perhaps the greatest risk facing the economy is
complacency at the top. With the approach of elections, the risks are solidified further.
Militants profiles
WHILE Pakistan has been ravaged by militancy for many years, there have not been
enough efforts, neither at the state level nor within academia, to discover what makes a
militant. While blanket terms such as extremism, fundamentalism, etc have been
employed to explain the triggers that drive people to commit violence against others, a
more scientific approach is required to find out the causative factors behind militancy,
and develop measures to address these. To this end, the Sindh Polices Counter-
Terrorism Department has made a small effort in a recent survey that discusses the
profiles of some 500 militants lodged in the provinces jails. Some interesting facts have
emerged: for example, the survey says that most militants suffered from psychological
problems, while economic hardship drove over 40pc to take up the gun. Most
incarcerated fighters belonged to the low-income group; moreover, while nearly 200
said they were motivated to join banned groups due to a hatred of the West and India,
125 militants said they signed up in order to take advantage of the opportunity to collect
extortion money.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 58
April 2017
While the sample is quite small, the CTD survey does offer a peek into the murky world
of militancy. Indeed, what is needed are bigger studies across the country to determine
the profiles of militants, and formulate workable counter-extremism policies. Nacta,
which is underutilised at the moment, is ideally placed to carry out such research. A
one-size-fits-all approach to counterterrorism is not likely to stem the tide of militancy in
Pakistan due to a variety of factors that drive people towards militancy. Perhaps greater
research will reveal clearer links between militants operating in different parts of the
country, and how to counter them. While some hard-core fighters are unlikely to want to
join the mainstream, others could be prevented from walking down the path of militancy
if the state makes a greater effort to address the factors contributing to it.
Unsurprisingly, the Pakistani state hit back at the allegations and it appears the mood in
GHQ is particularly sour after the American lecture. The attempts to speak more
positively about Pakistan once inside the country by Mr McMaster amounted to damage
control that may not have had much immediate effect. Confusing, contradictory
messaging appears to have become an early Trump administration hallmark in a range
of areas and, as in those other areas, it is not clear how they help further Americas
interest or its relations with allies. To be sure, the Pak-Afghan relationship is a complex
one, with both sides having legitimate grievances against the other. To speak of one
sides concerns and not the others is remarkable. To pour fuel on fire by alluding, while
in Kabul, to alleged Pakistani militant proxies against India is staggering. If Gen
McMaster does want to strengthen bilateral ties between Pakistan and the US, he has
stumbled into a formula to achieve exactly the opposite.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 59
April 2017
Consider what the US has done on and in Afghanistan of late. After announcing an
early boycott of the Moscow conference, the run-up to the conference was
overshadowed by the mother of all bombs. The bomb may have targeted the militant
Islamic State group, but it also opened new fissures in Kabul and split the government
on ties with the US. Somehow, when IS is the one problem that unites virtually all
national, regional and international powers involved in Afghanistan from Pakistan to
Afghanistan; from the US to the Afghan Taliban themselves; and from Russia to China
the US has found a way to attack IS in a way that has alarmed everyone else. The
bomb underlined Americas military strength and major regional role; Mr McMasters
comments hint at an ongoing, and worrying, lack of clarity in Washington.
Rangers powers
EVERY 90 days, the same ritual plays out in Sindh. The policing powers of the
paramilitary Rangers come up for renewal, the provincial authorities delay the
notification extending the powers of the force, a flurry of negotiations takes place and
the notification is eventually issued. The policing powers of the Rangers, which allow
them to carry out raids, detain and arrest people, as well as conduct prosecution,
expired on April 15, and since then the force has withdrawn its personnel from
deployments from a wide range of facilities including checkposts. It has retreated to its
headquarters as it awaits a new notification that would grant it policing powers. In the
flurry of negotiations and headlines that each such episode creates, one central fact
gets obscured: the Rangers cannot be expected to police Karachi forever. The big
question, therefore, is, what has the Sindh government done to prepare itself and the
citys police force for an eventual withdrawal of the paramilitary force? The strenuous
efforts to remove the current IG of Sindh Police do not inspire confidence that the ruling
party in the province sees the policing of the countrys largest metropolis as an
important duty that should be free of all politics.
The provincial authorities have a point when they say the Rangers have overstepped
their mandate on a number of occasions, either by using their powers for the
apprehension of terrorists to pursue political figures instead, or by failing to notify
provincial authorities prior to carrying out raids. But the Rangers have also played a
crucial role in restoring peace to the city, and should continue to operate until the police
force has been sufficiently revived to take up its job, which is not the case at the
moment. It seems that the Sindh government is negotiating on a very narrow agenda in
return for extending the policing powers of the paramilitary for another 90 days,
something we have seen each time the Rangers powers are up for renewal. By its
actions, the government has undermined its own case against the grant of an extension.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 60
April 2017
It would be easier to understand its point of view, and endorse a call for highly abridged
powers, as in the case of the Rangers deployed in Punjab, if one could see strenuous
efforts to turn Sindhs police into an effective, depoliticised force. Until that happens,
Karachi will continue to need the Rangers.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 61
April 2017
In the end, and in a split decision, the court has found that it does not have enough
evidence to give the opposition what it wants, but it does have enough doubts to
demand a joint investigation team probe Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and his family.
The verdict was immediately hailed by the government as a victory; and, perhaps half-
heartedly, used by the PTI to demand yet again that the prime minister temporarily step
aside. Both reactions were predictable.
In the hours after a lengthy judgement is delivered, a full examination of its contents is
unlikely; the days ahead will yield more details and informed opinion, supportive and
critical of the judgement. Yet, there is an anomaly that can be immediately identified and
that perhaps the court has not thought through the implications of.
The JIT itself is effectively a dead end. The record of JITs in other politically charged
matters make it clear that no great surprises ought to be expected. But the inclusion of
military-run intelligence agencies in a probe against a serving prime minister in matters
of finance and the law is remarkable and a precedent that should not be established.
It is not a question of who the prime minister is or civilians being above the law. There is
absolutely no doubt that as prime minister, Mr Sharif must be held to a greater level of
scrutiny than the average citizen. What is concerning about the composition of the JIT,
especially with the inclusion of a Military Intelligence representative, is the signal it
sends about the lack of institutional trust.
Civilian matters should be probed, adjudicated and resolved in the civilian domain. And
if the court has little faith in civilian institutions, as it indicated in its verdict, it could have
put its trust in a judicial commission.
At the heart of the Panama Papers petitions lay a simple idea that long-standing
political families in the country use the system to enhance their personal wealth. Credit
for pushing that simple idea both intuitive and with decades of circumstantial
evidence to support it all the way to the Supreme Court and against a serving prime
minister must go to Imran Khan and his PTI.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 62
April 2017
Mr Sharif may still have his job and his family has not been convicted of any wrongdoing
as yet, but it is troubling that the family appears to regard financial probity as a matter of
politics that somehow continuing political support and the backing of the electorate in
the last general election means that it has nothing to answer for. At best, Mr Sharif will
emerge from this episode with a tainted legacy.
The Supreme Court was unable to quell the political shenanigans the hearings attracted
and mishandled public expectations with unnecessary statements from the bench. The
PML-N has behaved like corruption is a figment of the public and the oppositions
imagination instead of a governance-sapping national malaise, which it is.
The opposition has peddled rumour and allegation as fact and, in the case of the PTI, is
yet to develop a political vision that goes beyond the prime ministers ouster.
Meanwhile, institutions have continued to wither and parliament is in the doldrums, a
neglected body from where great democratic ideas and institutional changes ought to
Perhaps in the glare of the verdict, the countrys institutions and leadership will find a
way to address the publics very real and urgent demand for a cleaner political process.
Mr Sharif is a legitimately elected prime minister; what he and his family have failed to
prove so far is that their wealth has been legitimately acquired.
Load-shedding burden
WITH the return of load-shedding around the country, especially in the PML-N heartland
of Punjab, memories of the last election have been stirred. Chronic power shortages,
and frequent blackouts have played a pivotal role in the last two elections that were held
in 2008 and 2013. And although the incumbent party in both instances was facing
serious issues of credibility as well as violent resistance to any public appearances in
the case of the PPP in 2013 the fact that the electorate went to the polls amidst
crushing outages was a visible sign of the governments failure to govern. It is,
therefore, for good reason that the present government appears to be more nervous
about load-shedding than any other issue, and the assurances offered by Khawaja Asif,
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 63
April 2017
the minister for water and power, in the National Assembly on Wednesday held a note
of panic. The minister made a list of all the power projects that are scheduled to come
online by the end of the year, and told the Assembly members that they should feel free
to grab me by the collar if load-shedding continued to persist till then.
It is unfortunate though that the present peaks of load-shedding have little to do with
power-generation capacity, and even less with the ministers collar. Fact of the matter is
that each time the power system has failed in such large measure, it has been due to
financial constraints, which in turn grow out of an outmoded governance regime. It was
this governance regime that the ministers party had promised to fix by undertaking
deep-seated reforms. The power sector is woven into so many other aspects of
government operations that it is virtually impossible for one ministry or department to
give an assurance that it will operate smoothly. Lack of liquidity, failure of tax refunds for
private power producers, or the lack of ability to import fuel in time have all played a role
in crippling the sector in the past. For this reason, a proposal was developed in the
middle of the PPP governments tenure to perhaps merge the petroleum ministry with
the water and power ministry, to perhaps create one large ministry of energy, but that
proposal never went beyond the discussion stage.
There was another proposal to allow market forces to play a greater role in power
pricing, which could have helped mitigate the constant liquidity shortage that the sector
suffers from, thereby easing the accumulation of circular debt and smoothening out
arrangements for fuel supply. That proposal also went nowhere. The only proposal that
achieved something under the present government was the Chinese one of massive
new investments in the power sector using Chinese project financing. And it is these
investments alone that the minister today points to when asked about load-shedding.
These megawatts are what the government has pegged its future on, and if load-
shedding is to rear its head when the campaign rallies get under way, and the electorate
gears up to vote, the minister might yet rue his offer to be grabbed by the collar.
That is only right. Through the agonising series of explanations offered by the Sharif
family in court, it often appeared that more questions were being raised about the first
familys financial history than were being answered. Three out of five Supreme Court
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 64
April 2017
judges did not have enough evidence before them to oust Mr Sharif, but all the justices
appear to have been troubled by the evasiveness or lack of clarity by a serving prime
minister and his family. That creates a very real problem at the intersection of law and
politics: Mr Sharif is legally entitled to continue in office, but arguably his mandate and
political legitimacy have been significantly dented. The prime minister ought to give
serious consideration to at least two options.
The first option: step aside temporarily while the investigation ordered by the SC is
conducted. The PML-N automatically resists most demands of the PTI, but Imran
Khans umpteenth demand for Mr Sharif to step aside has been buttressed by an SC
judgement this time. When the Panama Papers first shook the political landscape in
Pakistan last April, it was clear that a high-powered investigation was needed and that
the first family would have to submit itself to scrutiny ahead of all others implicated in
the leaked documents. The very credibility of the democratic project was on the line.
Now, a year later, two things have been established: neither has a credible investigation
been conducted nor has the SC been able to penetrate the murkiness of the Sharif
business empire. The former appears to have been stymied by political interference and
the latter by the inherent limitations of a court as a financial investigatory body. If the
prime minister temporarily steps aside, the likelihood of a fair and impartial investigation
will surely increase significantly.
In the brutal world of politics, a damaged Prime Minister Sharif may be loath to give his
arch rival, Imran Khan, anything resembling a victory, especially now that the SC itself
has declined to act immediately against Mr Sharif. In that case, the prime minister has a
second option: dissolve parliament, hand over power to a caretaker government and
have the ECP hold a general election at the earliest. A fresh mandate from the people
may be the only way for Mr Sharif to claim that he still has both political and legal
legitimacy a dual legitimacy that all elected representatives must seek. And if the
PML-N loses, the people will have spoken, withdrawing the mandate they gave Mr
Sharif and his party four years ago. The time for courageous decision-making is now.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 65
April 2017
makes it difficult for them to muster the will to carry on with the focus and vigour that
such investigations require. As a result, the main government agencies in whose
domains money laundering can potentially fall FIA, NAB, SECP, FBR and the State
Bank have an elaborate set of excuses ready to explain their lack of action, or their
failure when they do act. It is important to understand that these are just excuses: the
powers to investigate and prosecute money laundering exist. It is equally important to
understand that the failure to act grows out of a deeper sense of caution that these
departments have developed over a period of time when dealing with this offence.
This lack of resolve has resulted in stunting the capacities of law enforcement. Even in
those rare cases when an investigation is launched, the better lawyers are usually found
defending the accused since the remuneration on that side is far better than what the
government can pay its special public prosecutors. The FBR also finds itself arrayed
against the sharpest chartered accountants, as well as the wiliest lawyers, when moving
against individuals who have siphoned money abroad without paying taxes. Across the
board, the will and capacity to pursue money launderers is withered and wilted, making
it difficult for the state to mount an effective response when challenged to do so, as it
has in the SC judgement. In the weeks to come, as the JIT is constituted and begins its
job, it will have to trace a two and a half decade old money trail through multiple
jurisdictions. The old problems of will and capacity will hamper its job, quite possibly
setting the stage for yet another indeterminate outcome. If we are to break out of this
impasse, we will have to start taking the crime of money laundering more seriously so
wrongdoing can be apprehended long before it evolves into a crippling political
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 66
April 2017
only around five minutes to finish the job. Meanwhile police say bank managements and
security companies are known for their laxity where safety measures are concerned.
What is particularly troubling is that at every stage of the year-old protests by the
Kashmiri people, the state of India has responded in a manner almost deliberately
designed to draw more protests and cause more unrest. The killing of Burhan Wani
itself was an alarming military provocation nearly 10 months ago and, now, with the
widely condemned use of Farooq Ahmad Dar as a human shield against unarmed
protesters, the Indian security forces appear to be emulating Israeli tactics against the
Palestinians. Disturbingly, senior government and military officials have defended the
shocking treatment of Mr Dar, who was returning from voting in the widely boycotted by-
election. It is almost as if the state of India wants the people of Kashmir to turn to full-
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 67
April 2017
scale rebellion in order to justify more violence and possibly even ethnic cleansing. That
is a frightening possibility, one that the outside world simply cannot afford to ignore. If
South Asia is a geopolitical tinderbox, the disputed Kashmir region is the match that can
cause a regional conflagration.
Sensibly, and in a policy that must continue to hold, Pakistan has not tried to intervene
inside IHK on behalf of the distressed people there. Not even the most ardent of critics
of Pakistan in India have suggested that the current unacceptable state of affairs in IHK
has been instigated or sustained by Pakistan. Rightly, Pakistan has adhered to a policy
of drawing international attention to the repression in IHK and speaking up on behalf of
the people of Kashmir. It is the right thing to do from a people-centric perspective too:
even the possibility of direct Pakistani involvement in IHK would be pounced on by the
state of India to justify its brutal tactics and, perhaps, turn to even greater violence.
There is no guarantee that conscientious voices in India will prevail soon over a hard-
line government. But Prime Minister Modi and his civilian and military advisers must
surely recognise that the future of IHK will not be settled through the barrel of a gun.
Evening courts
AN intriguing proposal is working its way through the legislative process. A bill to
introduce evening courts in Islamabad has been drafted, and will be ready for
presentation soon, according to the law ministry. If it is implemented, provincial
assemblies will be invited to consider proposing similar moves in their respective
jurisdictions. Considering that the judiciary is burdened with a backlog of almost 2,600
cases per judge by some calculations with the problem being particularly serious in
the lower courts any suggestion to improve access to justice afforded to litigants
should be given serious attention. Proposals to introduce round-the-clock courts have
been around for a while now without getting anywhere, but this is the first time we see
serious attention being given to establishing evening courts. The longer hours of
operation for judicial officers might help in reducing the caseload, but ultimately the
objective of streamlining access to justice without compromising quality will only be
achieved if two conditions are present. First, the judiciary itself needs to be on board,
and devote serious attention to judicial reforms. Second, outmoded civil and criminal
procedures, which were written more than 100 years ago, need to be updated and
brought into the 21st century.
In the voluminous amount of work written on judicial reforms, a few key issues are
repeatedly mentioned. One is the attitude of judges and lawyers towards adjournments,
which are generously granted because the daily caseload is usually too heavy and
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 68
April 2017
Branchless banking
LATEST data released by the State Bank shows that branchless banking is growing at a
gathering pace, with the volume and number of transactions both increasing at a
healthy clip. For the last period under review, the quarter ending December 2016, the
volume of transactions through branchless banking has increased 21 per cent from last
year, while the number of transactions has risen by 31pc. This is a good development
and shows that the platform for digital payments is striking roots. Not only that, some
growth is also being seen in far-flung areas of the country that are currently
underserved by conventional banks, showing higher penetration. All these are very
positive developments and the Financial Inclusion Strategy developed by the State
Bank, which aims to bring 50pc of the countrys adult population into branchless
banking by 2020, appears to be bearing fruit.
There is a need to ramp up the speed though. At the current rate of increase, the
ambitious targets set by the State Bank might be missed. Branchless banking holds
immense promise for the economy and the more it moves towards the mainstream, the
better the quality of the information it generates about the small transactions that are the
bedrock of the countrys economy. Greater effort to promote branchless banking will not
come about simply through exhortations from the central bank. Top managements of
commercial banks and telecoms need to show more enthusiasm for it, and be more
sensitive to the enormous commercial promise of the enterprise. The government can
be encouraged to play a more aggressive role in pushing the idea by moving more and
more government dealings with the citizenry onto branchless platforms. Eventually
corporate Pakistan also needs to be gently nudged in the same direction, by
encouraging it to use branchless platforms to make small-ticket payments to vendors or
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 69
April 2017
labour through it. Financial inclusion deserves wider ownership, and creating more
incentives to broaden the base of participation in it should be a priority.
In the last year of the previous government, a strikingly similar situation was created. An
isolated and embattled government struggled to manage a deteriorating economic
situation, leading to plummeting reserves and rising fiscal deficit, which eventually led to
a spike in the circular debt and large-scale, prolonged power outages. The risks to the
economy are considerable, since an embattled government is less likely to maintain the
discipline that is needed at a crucial juncture as the country approaches a general
election. Going forward, as uncertainty tightens its grip on the government, the
temptation to use populist measures to regain some support, as well as the crippling of
strategic decision-making capability, can exact a terrible cost and possibly unravel the
moment of hard-earned macroeconomic stability that has been achieved over the past
three years.
It is impossible to see how a disciplined budget can be drawn up in the environment that
is being created. The previous two governments, that of the PPP and the Musharraf
regime, both presented their last budgets amid thunderous opposition and in a
cacophonous assembly. Now it looks like the PML-N, which had prided itself on its
economic achievements, is set to repeat that history. Even after the budget has been
drawn up and announced, the task of implementing its provisions and keeping a focus
on the targets contained in it will be a serious challenge, unless the ruling party can by
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 70
April 2017
some miracle claw back some of its credibility. Surviving the political headwinds is not
its only task from here on. Keeping the ship of state on an even keel through it all will be
the real challenge.
Indeed, it appears that all sense of reason, logic and rationality is fast disappearing from
this country, and even the flimsiest of accusations seems to be enough to set a mob
upon an individual. Few are concerned with the facts of the case with details such as
whether the offence even took place, what was the mental condition of the suspected
offender, whether any personal enmity was involved, etc falling by the wayside. There is
an instant demand for justice, as the mob plays judge, jury and executioner. While
Mashal Khan and Fazal Abbas lives were lost to this madness, there was a silver lining
to the Chitral case: the cleric played a commendable role by handing over the
seemingly deranged individual to the police. The law enforcers, too, did the right thing
by sending him for a medical examination. As is more often seen in such
circumstances, clerics are the ones working up the mob into a murderous frenzy. But in
Chitral, the preachers quick action helped save a life. Indeed, in order to help prevent
further such incidents, the state should work with religious parties to help calm down
mobs whenever blasphemy accusations spring up. Changing societys mindset may
take decades; using clerics to control mobs may be an essential first step.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 71
April 2017
Ephedrine scandal
SIX years later, some progress appears finally to have been made on the ephedrine
scandal. On Friday, the Special Court for the Control of Narcotic Substances in
Islamabad charged nine men accused of using influence to allow two Multan-based
pharmaceutical companies to exceed the permitted allocations. To recall, in March
2011, then federal minister Makhdoom Shahabuddin told the National Assembly that the
government intended to investigate the alleged allocation of 9,000kg of ephedrine to two
pharmaceutical companies (which, it was subsequently found, had not kept a record of
the consumption of the substance), against rules capping the permitted quantity at
500kg. Given that amongst those charged are high-profile personalities such as Mr
Shahabuddin himself, and Ali Musa Gilani who is the son of former prime minister Yusuf
Raza Gilani, the authorities deserve commendation for having continued to pursue the
Guilt or innocence will be decided by the court system. For the state, though, alarm
bells ought to be ringing. Ephedrine is a routine pharmaceutical ingredient, but is also
on the list of internationally controlled substances because it is key to the production of
methamphetamine, commonly abused across the world as a recreational drug. This is
not the only time that allocations of substances have been played with, or chemicals
misused. In earlier decades, it was found that the textiles sector was becoming a source
for the black market for acetic anhydride a common chemical that is key to the
conversion of opium into heroin. That led to tight controls and book-keeping
requirements being imposed on the industry. But as recently as 2014, the Anti-Narcotics
Force seized substantial hauls of the chemical, some of it reportedly en route to
Afghanistan. Two consignments of ephedrine were also seized by the ANFs Lahore
Directorate the same year. Beyond the ephedrine case, Pakistan needs to wake up to
the fact that it is in danger of becoming a significant source of trafficked substances a
status that it must take urgent measures to avoid.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 72
April 2017
Younis has dealt with international bowlers in the strongest manner possible on the
ground. His 34 hundreds, also the highest for the country in Test matches, is a
testament to his prolific form, as are his six double hundreds that include a monumental
313 against Sri Lanka in Karachi. However, it is not only success that has defined his
experience. In fact, to grasp why Younis has surged ahead, he must be assessed on
the basis of the hurdles he has encountered. Right from his migration days to a
turbulent Karachi in 1998 to take up the game, to his unceremonious ouster from
captaincy in 2009 after winning the World T20 title in England, and from the
controversial ODI exit two years back to his frequent bust-ups with the obdurate
authorities, Younis has emerged as a resilient, creative batsman.
Following in the footsteps of his able skipper Misbah-ul-Haq, Younis has now decided to
retire after the series against the West Indies. The two stalwarts leaving the game
together is nothing short of a catastrophe for Pakistan cricket. And yet, they have taken
a wise personal decision by quitting while still in demand; it is befitting of the reputation
and respect they have earned. Despite the accolades coming his way, Younis has
stayed away from showmanship, rarely mingling with the media or talking about his
colleagues. Post-retirement, however, he could still top the charts with a tell-all
autobiography for his fans to learn what really went through his head all these years.
The already daunting challenge to create an effective Afghan fighting force a military
that can hold its own against the Taliban is being further complicated by increasing
indiscipline and possibly even collusion with the insurgents in the lower ranks of the
security forces. For a decade-old military in a country with no recent history of a
standing army, the Afghan security forces have made some important strides. The
special forces in particular are battle-hardened and respected. Under American military
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 73
April 2017
guidance, other sections of the Afghan military have managed to battle the Taliban in
many parts of the country. But outside core districts and provinces, the military is under
a great deal of Taliban pressure, and nationally, the police are in dismal shape. Neither
Afghanistan nor Pakistan, which has long been cool about the creation of a large,
organised fighting force on the countrys western border, have discussed the possibility
in a serious manner before, but perhaps circumstances offer a new avenue for military
cooperation. Pakistan, after all, has accumulated vast counter-insurgency and
counterterrorism experience in the past decade. The politics of such a move would be
gravely complex and Pakistan must be careful to avoid bringing the Afghan war into this
country. However, a training programme and enhanced military cooperation between
the two states could have a number of positive effects. The difficulties should not be
underestimated, but in the common suffering of the two countries, Afghanistan and
Pakistan could forge cooperative, terrorism-fighting solutions.
Clearly, even if the Afghan forces are able to improve their performance and reduce
battlefield losses, the overall war only has a political solution in the long term.
Worryingly, the Afghan government, or at least influential sections within it, appears to
have shelved a peace outreach to the Taliban. With the current US administration yet to
decide on its own strategy, the relatively quiet winter spell has given way to the heat of
the summer battle. Greater clarity and more urgent action are needed.
Lawyers warning
LAWYERS groups have come up with varied responses to the recent Panama Papers
ruling by the Supreme Court. On Saturday, the Lahore High Court Bar Association
threatened to organise an immediate countrywide long march against the government,
bluntly asking Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif to step down. The Pakistan Bar Council has
shown a more nuanced, rational approach and has termed the LHCBAs sudden call for
action for the removal of Mr Sharif premature. This disagreement has led to speculation
about the intention of the lawyers, especially given the recent evidence of political
polarisation within the bar. Pakistans lawyers today may be more partisan than they
have ever been in the past, their penchant for dabbling in politics at all times in the
countrys history notwithstanding. There is no doubt that the bar cuts across party lines,
and partisan attitudes are quite often blamed for the thwarting of efforts towards a
continuous, inherent reform process and a code that is essential for all professions. In
this particular case, discipline was deemed all the more necessary after the success of
the movement for the restoration of Iftikhar Chaudhry as chief justice of Pakistan. It was
pointed out and the assertion was backed by a series of events that this particular
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 74
April 2017
victory had emboldened elements amongst the lawyers to an extent where they were in
danger of losing the fine balance that had distinguished the community.
The argument that many lawyers in the country are tempted to be indiscreet has re-
emerged in the wake of the LHCBAs warning of a long march for the removal of Mr
Sharif. But while the PBC rap on the knuckles of the aspiring marchers would appear to
second that impression, insiders volunteer quieter, more subtle explanations. Tellingly,
the PBC has not ruled out a protest a big protest across the country. What it has
admonished the LHCBA for is a decision taken in haste without taking on board other
lawyers organisations. Disapproved clearly is the solo flight of the Lahore lawyers who
seem to be seeking to take all the credit for challenging the government. What the
government must note is that the idea of the protest has not been rejected. The lawyers
protest is still looming, and given its objective the resignation of an elected prime
minister it is likely to deepen the political divide within the bar.
The census exercise is a mammoth undertaking with numerous security concerns. One
of them is on account of the militant elements still remaining in the country and who are,
for obvious reasons, violently opposed to security personnel. The other aspect of
security is linked with the political ramifications of the findings of the census. In a
country where identity politics based on ethnicity has become particularly strong over
the years, there are quarters who suspect that the exercise is a political tool whereby
their place in the federation, and their claim on resources, will be diminished. While it is
difficult to conclusively determine who were the targets in these attacks, whether the
security personnel or the enumerators themselves indeed the Kurram Agency deaths
are possibly the result of the overall fragile security situation in the area, rather than a
targeted attack they do reinforce the perils involved in carrying out the census. As in
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 75
April 2017
the case of the polio vaccination teams, security protocols must be ramped up: for
instance, they must be provided dedicated transport, and vehicles collecting them for
duty should not take the same route day after day.
In election mode
HISTORICALLY, election campaign seasons in Pakistan have been short and intense.
But this time around, with more than a year left in the parliamentary term, which expires
in June 2018, the PPP and PTI appear to be swinging into full campaign mode and
perhaps could be altering the very dynamics of electioneering in the country. To the
extent that political parties have a right to choose their own electoral strategies and the
PPP and PTI may be hedging their bets against an early election, there is no harm in
the oppositions approach at the moment. However, if the PPP and PTI are simply trying
to exploit the political situation in the wake of the Supreme Court decision in the
Panama Papers hearings, the aggressive speechmaking and rallies by the main
opposition parties could have the effect of drawing the country into a long, unnecessary
and unwanted campaign season, rendering the fifth year of parliament irrelevant and
possibly undermining the democratic project itself.
To be sure, the PML-N has contributed a great deal to the emerging scenario of a
lengthy campaign season, especially with Prime Minister Nawaz Sharifs recent
speeches in Sindh. Moreover, the PML-Ns unseemly, and certainly premature, public
celebrations after the Supreme Court verdict that did little to clear the cloud of suspicion
hanging over the Sharif familys business empire were guaranteed to attract a fierce
opposition response. In the
hard-fought world of politics, every action has an equal, sometimes greater, reaction.
Yet, in the PPP and PTIs responses, there can be traced a great deal of self-interest to
the possible detriment of the democratic project. For the PPP and Asif Zardari in
particular the pressure it is facing in Sindh from the state appears to be the principal
motivating factor in the partys aggressive posture in recent days.
That only reinforces suspicions that what Mr Zardari is really after is a deal, a quid pro
quo that reduces the pressure on his immediate circle of advisers and, more generally,
the PPP government in Sindh. Certainly, such a perception, especially if it becomes
widespread in the electorate, cannot be good for the democratic project. Perhaps the
PPPs recent angry style of politics would be more believable if the party simultaneously
took a greater interest in governance in Sindh. Meanwhile, the PTI appears unwilling to
practise anything other than permanent campaign-style politics. While an immediate
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 76
April 2017
change in the approach that has dominated since the PTIs October 2011 Lahore rally is
unlikely, what remains a concern is the PTIs disregard for parliament. The same hard-
hitting style of politics of the PTI outside parliament could do much to energise the
house if the party can bring itself to take parliament more seriously. It is a sad
spectacle when the main opposition parties and the government itself appear to regard
parliament as an inconvenience and an afterthought.
Urban warfare
THE complexity of the war on terrorism was illustrated by a battle in the heart of Karachi
on Monday evening. The seven-hour exchange of gunfire began with a raid by the
Sindh Rangers on a multi-storey residential building in the citys Urdu Bazaar area and
continued into the early hours of Tuesday. By the end of it, four suspected militants,
including a couple and an infant, believed to be the couples daughter were dead.
The gun battle, described by Interior Minister Nisar Ali Khan as a major success for the
paramilitary force, was triggered when the suspects holed up in one of the
apartments hurled hand grenades and started firing on the Rangers while they were
taking up positions around the building. Four Rangers personnel and two passers-by
were injured in the explosions. A statement by the ISPR listed a number of terrorist acts
allegedly carried out by the suspects during the past eight years. If this information is
accurate, then the operation in Karachi is indeed extremely significant.
In 2016, when Operation Zarb-i-Azb was in its final stages, the security forces had
correctly said that the challenge had shifted from kinetic warfare in Pakistans northern
badlands to combing operations against militant cells that had burrowed themselves in
the urban landscape. There have been a number of such intelligence-based operations
since then, most recently under the Raddul Fasaad campaign. For instance, less than
two weeks ago in Lahore, law-enforcement personnel killed a suspected militant, and
arrested two of his accomplices, among them his wife Naureen Leghari who confessed
on-camera that she was to be deployed as a suicide bomber against an Easter
gathering in church. Successful elimination of such cells in densely populated areas
depends a great deal on actionable and accurate intelligence, not only from informants
within the security apparatus but also from ordinary citizens. While ethnic profiling
should under no circumstances be condoned, people in the neighbourhood must be
vigilant; their own security and that of their compatriots depends on it. Property owners
are already required by law to provide details about their tenants to the local police
station. In both the incidents cited above, the property owners were taken into custody
for neglecting to do so. When extremism has been allowed to seep unchecked into a
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 77
April 2017
societys fabric for so long, rooting out its residual elements requires twice the
persistence, and involves both civilians and security personnel.
With the ageing population set to increase to 43m by 2025, it is imperative for the state
to strategise social care reform. There may be individual and community-based
interventions Karachis Parsi General Hospital and its attached infirmary managed by
a board of trustees is an example of a subsidised retirement home. But this is not
enough. Perhaps a private-public approach could be adopted if the state is incapable of
handling this social crisis on its own. No individual should be deprived of dignity and
comfort in the last years of his or her life and it is primarily the duty of the state to
ensure this.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 78
April 2017
Saving money
A NEW study by Standard Chartered Bank shows that the emerging affluent class in
Pakistan prefers to keep its savings in cash at home. The reasons given for this
preference include wanting quick access to the money and little awareness of investing
options. Included in a sample of eight countries where the study was conducted,
Pakistanis save 14pc of their monthly income compared to an average of 27pc for the
entire sample. This dismally low percentage points to important gaps in the economic
landscape as well as cultural traits that value present consumption over long-term
management of personal wealth. The gaps in the economic landscape can be identified
as a low-interest-rate environment and a dire shortage of vehicles to mobilise long-term
savings, coupled with widespread rackets in the property and commodity markets that
offer outsize speculative returns, making steady and safe returns appear unattractive by
comparison. The cultural traits are slightly more complicated. They include an excessive
role of ego in wealth-management decisions, where present-day consumption and the
accumulation of flashy goods like expensive mobile phones and cars are valued above
the steady building of long-term assets. Besides, there is the government-sponsored
culture of portraying returns on savings as something bordering on evil.
This is the legacy of the consumption-led growth model that Pakistan seems to be
following since 9/11 when massive infusions of foreign aid coupled with the aggressive
liberalisation of imports led to a culture of consumption and quick riches. The nouveau
riche created in that era, and whom the study euphemistically refers to as the emerging
affluent, brought with them ways that measured the worth of life in terms of the
purchasing power that one could flaunt. Even as Pakistan sank into the deadly
quagmire of extremism and faced a rising arc of terrorist violence, society saw the
emergence of a culture of consumption that had not been seen in the country before. A
dissipative frenzy, that has since become ingrained in this class, ensued. This, sadly
enough, has now become the engine of our economic growth.
The noxious side effects of this phenomenon are there for all to see in our trade deficit,
driven by frivolous imports as much as by oil prices, and in a low-savings environment.
This has starved our industry of investible resources and skewed the banking system
away from serving as an intermediary between savers and depositors, and towards
sovereign and consumer lending instead. The government has encouraged the trend by
telling people, in veiled terms, that expecting returns on savings somehow goes against
religious values. So long as our culture and economy are geared towards the
gratification of short-term whims, the struggle against growing informality, external
deficits and a low rate of investment will be a largely futile affair.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 79
April 2017
Antibiotic resistance
PERCEIVED as a cure-all for a variety of illnesses, it is ironic that the very medicines
that were once considered miracle drugs should now be losing their potency. As this
newspaper pointed out recently in a special report, antibiotics used in the treatment
of bacterial infection are increasingly failing to kill off germs whose resistance to
medication has developed over decades of misuse of antibacterial therapy. The
purchase of medicine without a doctors prescription especially seen in Pakistan
misdiagnosis, misinformation and incomplete treatment, have all contributed to growing
drug resistance which has become difficult to combat. So why do so many medical
practitioners in the country even those working at well-known hospitals continue to
prescribe antibiotics when this therapy is not required? Often, they cede to their
patients demand for antibiotics. In other instances, they are given incentives by
pharmaceutical companies for promoting certain medicines. Urgent action is required in
both cases. Creating awareness by giving the public more information on antibiotics and
the dangers of their misuse is as vital as checking the unholy nexus between
pharmaceutical companies and doctors.
Able to find new ways of defying treatment, bacteria can transfer drug-resistant genetic
material to other superbugs in the human body. The rise of multidrug resistant bacteria
threatens to derail efforts to treat and eradicate diseases such as tuberculosis.
According to a report in the Lancet Respiratory Medical Journal, one in five cases
globally is resistant to one of the three main TB drugs. In Pakistan among the six
countries that account for 60pc of the total number of global cases drug-resistant TB
is not only prevalent but also easily transmissible and expensive to treat. Unfortunately,
pharmaceuticals here refuse to manufacture new antibiotics because these drugs would
not be economically viable. With intelligent superbugs battling conventional drug
regimes, medical research must work at breakneck speed to find new cures for old
infections. In this fight against bacteria, the first step for the health authorities would be
to collect official data on drug-resistant cases from public and private hospitals to
assess the threat level. Diverse interventions including awareness campaigns and new
diagnostic technology should follow. If drugs lose their efficacy, then even key medical
procedures joint replacements, C-sections and organ transplants would be
dangerous to perform. All this means we critically need to regulate the use of antibiotics
and have laws in place to curtail malpractices.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 80
April 2017
What is troubling, however, is the centrality that the so-called foreign hand claims have
been given in the portions of the confession that have been broadcast. It has the
potential to undermine the hard-won recognition in recent years that the fight against
militancy is a local fight against local enemies who subscribe to an ideology that was
locally developed. After years of reluctance, the security establishment has been in
recent times more willing to acknowledge past mistakes and recognise that the war
Pakistan has been plunged in is against militant networks that were once patronised by
the state itself. Indeed, in former army chief Gen Raheel Sharifs and current army chief
Gen Qamar Bajwas unequivocal statements that both Pakistan and Afghanistan suffer
from terrorism and that Pakistan will not tolerate militancy and terrorism of any stripe or
hue, hopes were raised that a regional approach to fighting religiously inspired militancy
with common ideological roots would take shape. Pakistan should emphatically press its
case with Afghanistan and India that support for anti-Pakistan militancy will not be
tolerated. What the countrys leadership must not do is create fresh confusion about
who the real enemy is and thereby inadvertently create some sympathy for the
Pakistani Taliban as misguided and manipulated fighters.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 81
April 2017
Muzzling Kashmiris
On Wednesday, India aligned itself with the likes of some of the most repressive
regimes in the world.
The justification given for the move was that the services were being misused by anti-
national and anti-social elements and that they were being suspended in the interest
of maintenance of public order.
There is no mystery as to what has triggered this ban: a number of shocking videos and
photographs have emerged in recent weeks showing Indian soldiers inflicting brutality
and humiliation on the local population.
Young boys armed with nothing more than stones being shot, beaten and kicked, and
perhaps the most widely circulated video of all, that of Farooq Dar, a young shawl-
weaver tied to the hood of an army jeep as a human shield from stone-pelting locals
while it patrolled Kashmiri villages on voting day.
India is using the oldest, and most feeble, pretext in the book maintenance of public
order to suppress public dissent. This is not how a country that markets itself as the
worlds biggest democracy behaves. This is how undemocratic states such as Saudi
Arabia, China and Egypt wield control over their people.
As is the case in most rebellions, the protests roiling Kashmir are driven largely by the
youth, the demographic that is most active on social media. Burhan Wani, the young
separatist leader whose assassination last year in July triggered the ongoing wave of
unrest in the valley, also used such sites an effective tool for organising mass
uprisings and street agitation to mobilise his fellow Kashmiris towards joining the
India has already done its utmost to prevent the issue from being internationalised by
refusing the UN access to the area to investigate the excessive use of force by security
personnel. The rights violations have become so egregious that respected voices in
India itself are speaking out against them.
Instead of trying to address the underlying causes of the turmoil and growing
disaffection, the state of India is now trying to further muzzle the peoples narrative, and
seal off the valley from the outside world. It will not work.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 82
April 2017
As many other countries have discovered before, a peoples cry for justice cannot be
silenced. The Kashmiris desperation will find a way out.
Even so, there is much curiosity about the mystery messenger who, the well-heeled PTI
chief says, brought him an offer of Rs10bn from the prime minister in return for not
pursuing the Panama Papers scandal. It is perhaps the most generous and puzzling
such offer in the history of the country. For while Imran Khan might find himself in an
awkward position if the accountability wagon he is so fond of riding were to one day
stop at his own doorstep, a weakness for accepting bribes has so far hardly figured in
the list of accusations against him. In fact, to his credit, the former skipper has a very
reputable hospital run on donations. But what is even more bizarre than the purported
offer is the thought that someone could actually be foolish enough to offer such
inducements to an opposition leader at the prime of his political career.
Quite a lot of other details are missing from this episode as well, leading to concerns
that the PTI might have fumbled yet again. It is known that while Mr Khan may have
learnt to be extremely cautious with names and words, he can still be a little rash when
it comes to numbers. His party, and his own reputation, suffered after his rather
infamous mention of the 35 punctures he had alleged that no less than 35 electoral
seats had been rigged resulting in a victory for the PML-N in the 2013 general election.
Unless he can substantiate his latest allegations quickly, the PTl leader is bound to
expose himself to much unwanted scrutiny and criticism as well as a generous dollop
of ridicule. The government is no doubt under considerable strain after the Panama
verdict. But Mr Khans risky swipe may end up causing injury to no one but his own
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 83
April 2017
Remarkably, the PPP too has added its voice to the chorus of condemnation, the party
seemingly willing to cast aside all good sense in a desperate bid to damage the PML-N
in any way it can. Some perspective is essential here.
The PML-N has done itself few favours with its inept handling of the backlash in some
sections of the media and the public. First daughter Maryam Nawazs tweet about the
meeting between Prime Minister Sharif and Mr Jindal was patronising and tone deaf.
Political ineptness though does not invalidate the likely idea behind the meeting. Every
government has come to understand and embrace the benefit of back channels in the
Pakistan-India relationship.
Former president and army chief Pervez Musharraf used back-channel negotiations to
open a dialogue on a possible permanent settlement of the Kashmir dispute. His foreign
minister, Khurshid Kasuri, has publicly reiterated the value of back channels in recent
days. In the current scenario, the Indian media itself has speculated that Mr Jindals visit
to Pakistan may be a prelude to a meeting between Mr Sharif and Mr Modi on the
sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit in Kazakhstan in June.
Mr Jindal as a trusted emissary of the Indian prime minister and, in Maryam Nawazs
own telling, a friend of Mr Sharif is well placed to be an interlocutor. Ought not the
elected prime minister of the country have the prerogative to arrange a meeting with the
Indian prime minister?
If a meeting does take place in June, what remains to be seen is if the leaders can find
a way to not only re-establish dialogue but to put it on a sustainable path.
The flurry of high-level diplomacy in late 2015, with the two prime ministers meeting
during the Paris climate summit and Mr Sharif hosting Mr Modi in his Raiwind home
during a surprise stopover by the Indian prime minister, produced a decision to restart
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 84
April 2017
talks, rebranded as full-spectrum dialogue. But the Pathankot attack derailed the
The so-called terror proofing of dialogue ought to be one of the main planks of any fresh
effort to restart talks; a difficult task, but one that is clearly necessary. The two prime
ministers must explain to their respective nations why dialogue is the only option.
The situation is nowhere near emergency levels yet and talk of an immediate approach
to the IMF is hyperbole. But give it another year or two, just past the elections, and there
can be little doubt that without taking strong corrective measures, that is where the
present trajectory is taking us. If so, it would be a repeat of an old pattern, where an
incoming government secures an IMF facility, spends its years in office bringing the
broad macroeconomic framework within manageable limits, then sits back to enjoy the
ride all the way down to bailout levels. With all the noise of game-changing projects to
transform the economy, if the PML-N government ends up repeating this story all over
again, it will be the end of whatever scraps of credibility it has left. Mega projects do not
equal economic management, and sustainability is not found at the end of repeated
trips to China for increased borrowing. The short-term debts being racked up now to
keep the reserves from plummeting will become due soon, and a verdict far more
severe than any the party has had to face thus far will be served up when those
obligations have to be met.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 85
April 2017
Pakistan would do well to take a leaf out of Indonesias book in this regard. The primary
platforms from which religious perspectives are disseminated are the Council of Islamic
Ideology, or the pulpits of mosques, both of which are dominated by men and lack any
meaningful input by women. The former, in particular, tends to distinguish itself through
putting out regressive statements, as was the case in the CIIs resistance to using DNA
as primary evidence in rape trials. This unfortunate reality needs to be changed soon.
Train to China
THERE is a fear lurking in the shadows of CPEC that a time will soon come when the
Chinese will start dictating terms and priorities rather than negotiating them. As an
increasing number of Chinese enterprises acquire stakes in Pakistans economy, and
as the government takes out more and more loans from Chinese state-owned banks for
balance of payments support, the space to negotiate and protect our own interests
diminishes. Perhaps we have seen a glimpse of what this entails in the recent
discussions around the financing arrangements for the $8bn project for the Peshawar-
Karachi railway line, when the Chinese insisted they would not share the project with
the Asian Development Bank and wanted to implement it on their own. According to
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 86
April 2017
Ahsan Iqbal, the minister for planning and development, who oversaw the negotiations,
the Chinese strongly argued that two-sourced financing would create problems and the
project would suffer. So the government gave in to the strongly argued position.
If the merits of single-source financing for this project had been evident, it would not
have been double-sourced to begin with and would certainly not have to be strongly
argued by anyone. Whatever the merits of the two options, the fact that the Chinese
were able to push for full control of the project, and prevail, shows that the power of the
government to stand its own ground in any engagement is weakening. This is
worrisome because the long-term plan for CPEC envisages far greater entry of Chinese
capital, both private and state-owned, into almost every sector of Pakistans economy,
than what most people realise. The amount of leverage that the Chinese will acquire
over Pakistan in the years to come will grow exponentially, and there will be many more
moments when positions that are strongly argued will need to be equally strongly
negotiated in order to protect our own enterprises and economic priorities.
So, naturally, all eyes are watching carefully to see how the early phase of this massive
undertaking rolls out. The government needs to do more to assure nervous minds that
Pakistans interests will be strongly pursued as well, and where necessary, the
engagement can be halted if it is not perceived to be putting Pakistans interests first.
Thus far, that assurance has been absent, and we are moving forward with little to no
public awareness about what exactly we are getting entangled in. One way for the
government to reassure the country that the growing engagement will safeguard
Pakistans interests is to make the long-term plan public, especially now that we are told
it has been finalised. Putting public approval behind itself is the best way for the
government to strengthen its own negotiating position. Let CPEC be the train to
prosperity for both countries, and let them ride it together.
Immunisation status
IN terms of immunising children against preventable diseases, headlines in Pakistan
tend to focus on polio and for good reason. But beyond the spectre of this dreaded
disease, there are a host of other illness that put millions of children at risk in the
country. Sadly enough, although the administration of vaccines against a range of
diseases, including malaria, tetanus, Hepatitis B and pneumonia, are provided for under
the Expanded Programme for Immunisation, the countrys vaccination record after
nearly four decades and expenditure in the billions remains dismal. The last seven days
of April, World Immunisation Week, has provided ample opportunity to consider the
figures regarding routine immunisation. The Islamabad Capital Territory is where the
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 87
April 2017
rates of coverage are the highest though far from robust at 74pc. Punjab follows at
66pc and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa at 53pc. But as we move down south, the picture
becomes more shocking: the rate of routine immunisation under the EPI in Sindh is
29pc, and Balochistan comes in at a mere 16.4pc.
It is not that efforts are not being made to improve the situation. There currently appears
to be a push under way to target Balochistan in particular in this regard the province
saw its fiscal allocation under the Public Sector Development Programme raised to
Rs772.5m in financial year 2016-2017 from Rs2m in 2012-2013. The EPI centres in the
province have procured generators and budgetary allocations to improve vaccine-
storage facilities and keep the cold-chain process intact. Other interventions include
providing vaccinators with motorcycles to facilitate their penetration into the remote
areas that make vaccine coverage in this province a challenge. Yet the fact remains that
Balochistans 688 union councils (30 districts) currently have just 480 EPI centres and
914 vaccinators though these ranks are in the process of being beefed up. This is
laudable, but perhaps what is really needed to turn the tide is a change of approach: a
massive public information campaign across television and radio that makes people
aware of not just the risks their infants face but also that vaccination under the EPI is
free of cost. Ideally, instead of vaccinators having to go door to door to administer
vaccines, which is a cumbersome process that interrupts cold-chain requirements and
can compromise the quality of the vaccine, parents themselves should be bringing their
children to EPI centres provided, of course, that they are located at convenient,
accessible distances.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 88
April 2017
besieged with requests to conduct himself in a way that does not upset the effort to
strengthen the countrys fledgling democracy.
Given a past where clashes between two political parties have blocked the system and
life generally for the people of Pakistan, there is merit in reminding both the government
and the opposition party leading the charge of the dangers of taking confrontation
beyond a certain point. Once again, the prime responsibility of dealing fairly with
protesters rests with the government, but that obviously does not mean that the
opposition in demonstration mode can be totally free of all blame in case the life of
Pakistanis is paralysed once more. Imran Khan has to maintain that fine balance if he
wants to be looked upon as a politician who may be looking to protest but not disrupt
come what may.
CSSMENTOR.COM Page 89