text:
Passive euthanasia
E Garrard, S Wilkinson
............................................................................................................................... J Med Ethics 2005;31:6468. doi: 10.1136/jme.2003.005777 See end of article for authors affiliations ....................... Correspondence to: S Wilkinson, Centre for Professional Ethics, Keele University, Keele Hall, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; s.wilkinson@peak. keele.ac.uk Received 15 July 2003 In revised form 21 December 2003 Accepted for publication 5 February 2004 .......................
The idea of passive euthanasia has recently been attacked in a particularly clear and explicit way by an Ethics Task Force established by the European Association of Palliative Care (EAPC) in February 2001. It claims that the expression passive euthanasia is a contradiction in terms and hence that there can be no such thing. This paper critically assesses the main arguments for the Task Forces view. Three arguments are considered. Firstly, an argument based on the (supposed) wrongness of euthanasia and the (supposed) permissibility of what is often called passive euthanasia. Secondly, the claim that passive euthanasia (socalled) cannot really be euthanasia because it does not cause death. And finally, a consequence based argument which appeals to the (alleged) bad consequences of accepting the category of passive euthanasia. We conclude that although healthcare professionals nervousness about the concept of passive euthanasia is understandable, there is really no reason to abandon the category provided that it is properly and narrowly understand and provided that euthanasia reasons for withdrawing or withholding lifeprolonging treatment are carefully distinguished from other reasons.
lmost 30 years ago, James Rachels (writing in what must be one of the most well known papers in medical ethics) described what he took to be the prevailing view of euthanasia as follows1: The distinction between active and passive euthanasia is thought to be crucial for medical ethics. The idea is that it is permissible, at least in some cases, to withhold treatment and allow a patient to die, but it is never permissible to take any direct action designed to kill the patient.
In the subsequent ethics literature on euthanasia, there has been a widely accepted euthanasia taxonomy comprising two key distinctions. Firstly, there is Rachels distinction between euthanasia performed by killing the patient (active euthanasia) and euthanasia performed by omitting to prolong the patients life (passive euthanasia). And second, cutting across this activepassive distinction, is a distinction between voluntary, non-voluntary, and involuntary euthanasia, depending on whether patients autonomously request their death, are unable competently to give consent, or are competent but have their views on the matter disregarded (or overruled). In general this categorisation is useful, since it reveals the possibility of finding some types of euthanasia less morally objectionable than others. So although of course the taxonomy per se cannot answer any moral questions, it does seem to provide a useful framework within which to think about them. In recent years, however, this standard categorisation and in particular the idea of passive euthanasia have been subjected to attacks from a number of authoritative sources. For example, the House of Lords Select Committee on Medical Ethics describes the term passive euthanasia as misleading2 and the British Medical Association calls the expressions active and passive euthanasia ambiguous and unhelpful, claiming that3: Confusion may arise when the withdrawing or withholding of life-prolonging treatment which is not providing a benefit to the patient is described as passive euthanasia.
This attack on the very idea of passive euthanasia is expressed in a particularly clear and explicit way by an ethics task force established by the European Association of Palliative Care (EAPC) in February 2001.4 The EAPC Task Force rejects the standard taxonomy in two ways. Firstly, it claims that the distinction between active and passive euthanasia is in some way inappropriate: euthanasia is active by definition and hence passive euthanasia is a contradiction in termsin other words, there can be no such thing.5 Secondly, it asserts that there can be no such thing as non-voluntary or involuntary euthanasia, since medicalised killing of a person without the persons consent is not euthanasia: it is murder. So non-voluntary euthanasia is a contradiction in terms too. In this paper, we focus exclusively on the first claim, the one concerning passive euthanasia not least because this view is becoming popular amongst palliative care practitioners and therefore stands in need of careful critical assessment. That it is gaining support is evidenced both by our numerous conversations with healthcare professionals and by comments on the EAPC Ethics Task Force paper submitted to the journal Palliative Medicine, whose editors tell us that the suggestion that the differentiation between active and passive euthanasia is inappropriate was widely welcomed.6 The Task Forces paper does not itself contain any arguments for the claim that passive euthanasia is a contradiction in terms, and hence in what follows we will construct for ourselves what seems to be the best case in support of this view before subjecting it to critical assessment. We do not therefore suggest that the members of the Ethics Task Force actually subscribe to all of these arguments, merely that these are the best possible arguments for the Task Forces view.
Passive euthanasia
providing something which would, if provided, delay death that is, passive euthanasia involves withdrawing or withholding life-prolonging medical treatment. So there are (at least) three necessary conditions for the occurrence of passive euthanasia: (1) there is a withdrawing or withholding of life-prolonging treatment (2) the main purpose (or one of the main purposes) of this withdrawing or withholding is to bring about (or hasten) the patients death (3) the reason for hastening death is that dying (or dying sooner rather than later) is in the patients own best interests. It is important to note that not all cases of withdrawing or withholding life-prolonging treatment are cases of passive euthanasia. The grounds for passive euthanasia are, as we have seen, the interests of patients, where their expected quality of life is so poor that life will be worse for them than death. But there are many other reasons for withdrawing or withholding treatment. Firstly, treatment might simply be futile and hence incapable of benefiting the patient. Secondly, the treatment may not be cost-effective. Whether or not it can be justified, refusal to treat on grounds of costineffectiveness does not amount to passive euthanasia, since it does not meet condition 3 (which holds for any form of euthanasia), namely that death is being hastened in the patients own interests. Thirdly, treatment may be withheld or withdrawn because it is excessively burdensome or harmful. This fails to amount to passive euthanasia because it breaches condition 2: the health carers intention is not to bring about death, but to protect the patient from a burden or harm. In such cases, whether the healthcare professionals intention is to bring about death can be established by using the following counterfactual test: if the patient does not die, has the health carer succeeded in his or her aim? In the case of passive euthanasia, the answer will be no because the health carer was aiming at the patients death. But in the case of withdrawing or withholding treatment because it would be burdensome or harmful, then the health carer can have succeeded in this aimto protect the patient from a particular burden or harmeven if the patient pulls through without treatment. A fourth possible reason for withdrawing or withholding treatment is that the patient has refused the treatment in question. Any competent adult patient has the right to do this, and a healthcare professionals conforming to this refusal does not amount to passive euthanasia, since again it fails to meet condition 2. Even if the refusing patient intends to hasten their own death, it does not follow that the healthcare professional shares their intention. The health carers aim may be purely to respect the wishes and the autonomy of a competent patient; they need not share the patients death directed intentions at all, and again might be very glad if the patient survives in spite of refusing treatment. With the definition of passive euthanasia established, we can now turn to a closer examination of the EAPC Ethics Task Forces views. There seem to be three main arguments for its view of passive euthanasia, and we shall assess each in turn.
articulating it. Some concepts, so the argument goes, are moral concepts, or at least have a moral dimension. For example, murder (understood here as a moral rather than a legal term) is typically defined as wrongful killing. Or, to put it another way, one necessary condition for an act being a murder is that it is wrong. So perhaps euthanasia is like murder and part of its definition is that it is a wrongful act. There are, however, a number of objections to this argument. To being with, it assumes too much. It starts from the claim that euthanasia is never justified, and builds this into the definition of euthanasia, excluding on grounds of conceptual incoherence the possibility of there being a permissible form of euthanasia. This not only excludes the possibility of passive euthanasia (assuming this to be morally permissible) but also excludes the possibility of a moral debate about the ethical standing of euthanasia. And surely we should not foreclose on moral debate in this way. It would be better if our definitions at least left open the possibility that active euthanasia is (sometimes) justified, and that passive euthanasia is (sometimes) wrong. This point is further strengthened if we consider two real life counterexamples. Firstly, of course, there are lots of people who think that active voluntary euthanasia is (sometimes) permissible. This moral belief may or may not be true, but are we really supposed to believe that these people are believers in something self-contradictory or incoherent? Also, what if we were to discover somehow that the view of the pro active voluntary euthanasia organisations was the correct one and that active euthanasia is in fact morally permissible. Ought we to conclude from this that there are not really any cases of euthanasia, because all of the apparent cases have turned out not to be wrong, and hence not euthanasia? Surely not. Conversely, some moral conservatives believe that even passive euthanasia is wrong. For example, Anne Winterton MP tried (unsuccessfully) to ban passive euthanasia by introducing a private members bill in the UK parliament. The bill said7: It shall be unlawful for any person responsible for the care of a patient to withdraw or withhold from the patient medical treatment if his purpose or one of his purposes in doing so is to hasten or otherwise cause the death of the patient. Presumably we should not rule out completely (and a fortiori not rule out by definition) the possibility that Anne Winterton and others are correct about the wrongness of passive euthanasia. But, if combined with the wrongness of euthanasia argument, what is entailed is that if Winterton et al were somehow shown to be correct, then passive euthanasia could exist after all (since it would, like active euthanasia, be wrong). So the argument is, to say the least, strange insofar as it makes the very existence of euthanasia (both active and passive) dependent on its moral status. A fundamental problem with the wrongness of euthanasia argument then is that the evaluation is driving the conceptualisation. It is hard to see why we should give our evaluations priority in this way, and furthermore this is something which the EAPC Ethics Task Force explicitly denies doing. It claims that its definition of euthanasia say[s] nothing about the norms and values associated with what is defined, and that whether or not euthanasia may be justified is another matter A sharp distinction, therefore, exists here between what is and what ought to be.8 The isought distinction which the Task Force endorses here undermines the wrongness of euthanasia argument.
Garrard, Wilkinson
switch was the cause of death, and hence it killed the patients, whereas in the three cases where it was in the patients interests for the treatment to be withdrawn, throwing the switch was not the cause of death? We are more likely to say that if some of these patients were killed by the withdrawal of treatment, then all of them were. So we cannot securely appeal to intuitions about such cases to enable us to assert that permissible omissions can never amount to killing. (It might be objected here that, in our example, throwing the switch is an action. However, this example would work equally well if failing to throw the switch was used instead as the putative cause of death.) Before moving onto the third argument for the EAPC Task Force view, we should briefly mention a supplementary argument that is sometimes used to back up the causation argument. This asserts that in cases of (so-called) passive euthanasia, it is the disease itself which causes death, rather than the withholding or withdrawing of treatment. So, in the context of terminal illness, failing to delay the death need not amount to causing it. This style of argument interestingly mirrors well known remarks by Devlin J (later Lord Devlin) in Adams (a significant English legal case from 1957)9: Cause means nothing philosophical or technical or scientific. It means what you twelve men and women sitting as a jury would regard in a commonsense way as the cause. Manifestly there must be cases in hospitals that are going on day after day in which what a doctor does by way of giving certain treatment prolongs or shortens life by hours or even longer. The doctor who decides to administer or not to administer a drug is not, of course, thinking in terms of hours or minutes of life. He could not do his job properly if he were. If, for example, because a doctor had done something or has omitted to do something, death occurs at eleven oclock instead of twelve oclock, or even Monday instead of Tuesday, no people of common sense would say Oh, the doctor caused her death. They would say that the cause of death was the illness or the injury, or whatever it was, which brought her into the hospital, and the proper medical treatment that is administered and that has an incidental effect on determining the exact moment of death is not the cause of death in any sensible use of the term. The thought here seems to be that the real or underlying or fundamental cause of death is the disease (not the withdrawing or withholding of treatment) and this idea is (supposedly) bolstered by the fact that, were it not for the disease, the patient would not have presented to the healthcare professional in the first place and so questions about withdrawing or withholding treatment would not even have arisen. This supplementary argument though is also flawed. For as Devlin rightly suggests, if this argument works at all then it proves too much, since it applies both to acts and omissions, both to active and passive euthanasia. For one might in the same way argue that, even in cases of active euthanasia, the underlying or fundamental cause of death is the disease (and on the same groundsthat were it not for the disease, the patient would not have presented to the healthcare professional in the first place). So either we must reject this supplementary argument altogether or we must accept it and also accept (at least for patients who are terminally ill) that neither (so-called) active euthanasia nor (so-called) passive euthanasia causes death and therefore that neither practice is really euthanasia. And whichever option we choose, the view that only active euthanasia causes
Passive euthanasia
death (and hence that all euthanasia is active) would remain unsupported.
concept of disorder.10 If we classify a particular state as a disorder (for example, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)) this may well have significant consequences for the bearers of that state. Some of these may be good (for example, more funding for research and treatment) and some bad (for example, possible long term stigmatisation or overdiagnosis). But weighing up the positive and negative consequences of classifying CFS as a disorder will not settle whether or not CFS actually is a disorder. Indeed, such consequentialistic calculations are entirely irrelevant if our concern is the actual disease status (or otherwise) of CFS. For if the consequences of classifying a condition as a disorder are genuinely bad or good, the most that can do is give us a reason for keeping quiet about (or exaggerating) the real status of the condition. The bad consequences cannot stop a condition from being a disorder. Similarly we cannot settle the ontological question of whether there is such a thing as passive euthanasia by appealing to the alleged bad consequences of answering that question in the affirmative. So even if we allow that acknowledging the existence of passive euthanasia would have the bad consequences claimed, it is not clear that that would justify anything other than a piece of large scale public dishonesty. Consciously and dishonestly promoting the view that there is no such thing as passive euthanasia would presumably eliminate the bad consequences that this argument foresees. But it is hard to believe that the EAPC Task Force would support this policy. It is (at best) extreme paternalism, and the consequent failure to respect patient autonomy (as well as that of everyone else interested in the debate) would surely make it very unattractive to those who subscribe to the values standardly associated with palliative care (and health care more generally). And in any case, this is not the original Task Force view, which was not that we should pretend that passive euthanasia does not exist but rather that the expression passive euthanasia genuinely is a contradictionin-terms. Finally, a third objection is that we may have concerns about the possible bad consequences of denying the existence of passive euthanasia in this way. For once we start down the road of trying to secure our desired outcomes by a process of conceptual cleansing, the scope for political abuse in this Big Brother approach to language is obvious, as is the general concern for freedom of speech which such linguistic fiats raise. It would be better, we feel, to refrain from trying to shape peoples beliefs by manipulating the concepts and terms available to them, and instead seek to persuade them by substantive rational argument.
Each of the arguments discussed above is open to decisive objection, so the EAPC Ethics Task Force view seems unsupported. But rather than (or at least prior to) dismissing it, it is worth trying to see why this highly implausible view might have been embraced in the first place. What attractions might it have had for people who are closely involved in the care of the dying, and hence have to deal with the (sometimes quite terrible) situations in which the practical question of euthanasia arises? One likely cause of professional hostility towards passive euthanasia is an overly broad understanding of it. As we saw earlier in this paper, at least three conditions must be met for passive euthanasia to occur, and a failure to realise the significance of this, especially the importance of intention, may easily lead to the erroneous inclusion of very different reasons for withdrawing and withholding life-prolonging treatment (such as cost-effectiveness or futility) under the general heading of passive euthanasia. If this mistake is combined with the common view that euthanasia is morally
Garrard, Wilkinson
objectionable, plus the view that some cases of withdrawing or withholding treatment are morally permissible, then it may seem that the only way to preserve that permissibility is to deny the very existence of passive euthanasia. But withdrawing or withholding life-prolonging treatment can, as we have seen, be done for a variety of reasons, many of which have nothing to do with euthanasia, passive or otherwise. Once this is realised, and cases involving a direct intention to bring about death are properly distinguished from cases where this intention is not present, the idea of passive euthanasia need not seem anything like so threatening to healthcare professionals. In most of the cases which they want to class as morally acceptable they may safely do so, without any risk that they will find themselves also inadvertently endorsing something they may strongly object to, since these cases do not have the intentional structure which is essential to euthanasia. A few cases may remain which we are inclined to believe are both morally permissible and genuine cases of passive euthanasia. For those who are committed to the belief that all forms of euthanasia are wrong, there is nothing for it but to engage in substantive argument to determine which of these beliefs has to give way. But this is what ethical reflection is like: if we want to make our moral judgements consistent, non-arbitrary, and rationally justified, we have to engage directly with the arguments which may support or undermine them. We cannot settle these matters by conceptual stipulation, since what our concepts are, and whether there is anything which answers to them, are not things which can be settled by fiat. Claims about the nature of our concepts, and about what actions fall under them, are as much in need of supporting arguments as claims about the morality of those actions, and attempts to bypass the arguments leave all the important work still to be done. There is no escaping the need to examine the cases where we seem to agree on the application of the concept, the cases in which we are inclined to disagree, the nature of closely related concepts, and the difficult counterexamples to our proposed accounts or definitions. We cannot dispel our (understandable) uneasiness
about passive euthanasia by announcing its logical incoherence, and arguing through stipulative redefinition is an attempt to achieve for free something which can only be acquired through genuine ethical endeavour. Thus we conclude that the EAPC Ethics Task Forces hostility to the very idea of passive euthanasia, especially their claim that it is a contradiction in terms, is unwarranted.5 Although healthcare professionals nervousness about the concept of passive euthanasia is understandable, there is really no reason to abandon it provided that it is properly and narrowly defined and provided that euthanasia reasons for withdrawing or withholding lifeprolonging treatment are carefully distinguished from other reasons. Indeed, we would argue that passive euthanasia, when correctly defined, is a useful expression and one which healthcare professionals should be allowed to employ in their discussions of policy and clinical practice.
Authors affiliations
1 Rachels J. Active and passive euthanasia. N Engl J Med 1975;2:7880. 2 House of Lords. Report of the Select Committee on Medical Ethics, HL Paper 21-I. London: HMSO 1994, para 21, page 10. 3 BMA. Conference report on physician assisted suicide: a conference to promote consensus. 34 March 2000. Downloaded from www.bma.org.uk/ ap.nsf/Content/pas+project+-+terminology (accessed 24 June 2003). 4 Materstvedt L, Clark C, Ellershaw J, et al. Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide: a view from an EAPC Ethics Task Force. Palliat Med 2003;17:97101. 5 See reference 4:98. 6 Forbes K, Hanks G. The euthanasia debate and a new position paper from a task force of the EAPC: a helpful reappraisal or a retreat into obfuscation? [editorial]. Palliat Med 2003;17:9293, 93. 7 Medical Treatment (Prevention of Euthanasia) Bill 2000, UK Parliament. 8 See reference 4:978. 9 R v Bodkin Adams [1957] Crim LR 365 (Central Criminal Court 9 April 1957). 10 Wilkinson S. Is normal grief a mental disorder. Philos Q 2000;50:298300.


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"Govt" Executive (Statistics / Grant) | $3450 | 11 months | Pasir Panjang
ScienTec Personnel| Date Posted: 21-Jun-2019
EA Licence No: 11C5781|EA Personal Registration No: R1655013
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Hi Freelancers- I need to change the font on my site from its current font to one matching the one in the project attachment. Looks like H&FJ Didot italic to be exact. Could be Adobe Garamond italic, but I think I guessed right the first time. My Wix site is using a basic site editor. Site must remain on Wix. They say you can import fonts, hopefully this is the case. I need someone who can s...
Help me plz to find a job. I desprately need a job. i beg a job from you. I have financial problem in my house. Kindly consider about me. I have make graduation in computer science. I am from odisha.
...can offer that. Kindly read the whole project description and if all TOC agreed, Only then you are welcome to bid. ONLY BID IF YOU ARE LOOKING FOR REGULAR INCOME I have no problem to create small milestone to start to ensure I am legit. I need versatile writer who would be able to write on any topic given.... Right now I am unable to do any negotiations
...Intelligent, Robotics, Industry 4.0, etc. Specific Area: Procurement, Last Mile delivery or any other topics related to Supply chain and logistics management. You have to address a problem that has never been addressed before. Or you can follow the adaptive method I mean something that has been tested already in a country and now you want to test to a new country
...You decide how many times we visit your property. 3. Repair and Maintenance: Need a repair? We can help with that. This package includes the repair and maintenance of any problem your property has. We can find quotes for different jobs and we supervise the work performed. - Coordinate and supervise routine maintenance work and inspections. - Planning
...to software and hardware issues Diagnose and troubleshoot technical issues, including account setup and network configuration Ask customers targeted questions to quickly understand the root of the problem Track computer system issues through to resolution, within agreed time limits Talk clients through a series of actions, either via phone, email or chat
Help remotely fix a problem with my PAC. My google calendar in Chrome will not load! Login to my computer with Teamviewer. Find the problem!
...technologies used in XML content analysis • Analytical thinker • Degree level or equivalent body of content publishing experience • Delivery focused • Decision making and problem-solving skills • Excellent communication skills (written and spoken) • Ability to maintain a high level of performance under conditions of increased pressure I won't en...
...assigned. Must be people-oriented, able to handle multiple tasks, detail oriented, organized, have good communication skills, be self-motivated and enthusiastic, be a problem solver and team worker....
...Warehousing. Sono richieste le seguenti conoscenze tecniche: SQL Server, T-SQL, SSIS, SSRS, Microsoft DQS, MDS, Data Quality Management. Indispensabili capacità di analisi e problem solving. Completano il profilo buone capacità di lavorare in team, metodicità, gestione delle priorità ed attenzione ai dettagli. La ricerca ha carattere di urgenza ed &...
Please translate the attached file from English (UK) to German. It's 128 questions with 8 words on average. Please do not change order of the sentences and use the same number as prefix.
...to software and hardware issues Diagnose and troubleshoot technical issues, including account setup and network configuration Ask customers targeted questions to quickly understand the root of the problem Track computer system issues through to resolution, within agreed time limits Talk clients through a series of actions, either via phone, email or chat
Hello there! Have you ever heard about QuizzLand? It's a brand new trivia app where you get unlimited questions and each of them is supported by an interesting explanation. Our app in Google Play: [login to view URL] Our app in AppStore: [login to view URL]
We are facing problem due to wrong decision from the company we are working in and need powerful info-graph to explain the case and the bad substances. please give price and sample of your work. (Removed by Freelancer.com Admin) Audio shall be with professional voice targeting classic management board.
...software. I would like you to develop this project together with me and support me with knowhow I don't have. So I need your help primarily to take care of good structure and solving problems. Project Background: We are an online retailer selling furniture via the internet. We sell our furniture on several platforms (eg. Amazon, Ebay) as well as on our
I want to have a motion graphics video to explain about...products (Pain & Gain). Not looking for a long clip. I think it shouldn't exceed 30-45 sec to the point with a brief storytelling style talking about the problem and how our products can help in solving the issues encountered. Target audience are Interior designers, Architects then contractors.
...would be a plus Excellent software design, problem solving, and debugging skills Solid programming skills and C/C++ coding abilities Good written and oral communication skills Description This position requires a highly self-directed individual with strong creative and analytic skills and passion for problem solving and how it relates to video coding
I have a new server with a fresh CentOS GNOME install I'm running this command: yum -y update && yum -y upgrade I get the below output... Error Summary ------------- Disk Requirements: At least 246MB more space needed on the / filesystem. I have 250GB free on the machine, help me make 200GB of the 250GB usable
I m a shopify store owner from Delhi and i am facing certain issues with the google search console in the products , like mis..."priceValidUntil", missing field"aggregateRating , missing field " review" , missing field " brand " , missing field " url" , sku, product id . If someone knows the solution to this problem then contact me or reply to...
We are small education company based in England. Currently looking to build a database of resources. Looking for someone with knowledge of Non Verbal Resoning and ability to use programs like Serif Draw plus.
Please see the attached file. I need some figures and answers on the attached scenario.
Hi, I have problem to save information when I'm creating a new course into Learnpress. I will pay 10$ for the job! Good luck to all, Alain
...a google calendar -send the contractor their schedule each week Skills Required: -high energy -fluent English -**positive attitude** -positive phone demeanor -enjoys problem-solving -highly organized -likes music and the arts -believes in the positive benefits of educating children in music >Time Commitment Our time zone is UTC -7, PDT (Pacific Daylight


text:
- Overview:
- This activity will help students practice initiating conversations in Spanish with someone. They will use phrases and vocabulary that will help them gather information from a person as well as giving information about themselves.
- Subject:
- Languages
- Level:
- High School, Community College / Lower Division, College / Upper Division
- Material Type:
- Activity/Lab
- Author:
- Amber Hoye, Madi Goertzen, Gabby Bates, Alexis Araiza, Abby Cain, Claire Werlin, Alejandra Garcia, Sue Juarez, Borja Aguilera
- Date Added:
- 06/06/2019
- License:
- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
- Language:
- English, Spanish
- Media Format:
- Downloadable docs, Text/HTML
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Bütçe £20-250 GBP
I would need help to come up with a table using python
Hi, Dear How are you doing? I am very interested in your project. I am always ready for you. I wish you contact me as soon as possible. Let us discuss your project on chat in detail. Thanks for your regards.
Bu iş için 7 freelancer ortalamada £143 teklif veriyor
Hello there, This is a default bid made. we'll discuss the price later in the chat after reading your project i can do this for you perfectly.I still have a few questions. please leave a message on my chat so we can di Daha Fazla
100% Completion Rate and 5 Stars Hi, there. My name is Lee, and I am an experienced web developer, Python expert. I read your job description, and I am interested in your project. I have 6+ years of experiences Daha Fazla
Hi, I am a senior Python/Django web developer who is proficient in Model and customizing. So I am interested in your project. Regards,
How are you? I am Wang, senior fullstack web developer of over 5 years' experiences. Last time I built several website with Python, so I am very confident with your project. I usually work 30hrs per week and I like to Daha Fazla
Hello, client. I am very interested in your serious job. I've already read your job description carefully. I'm so familiar with Django(Python). As you can see my profile, My Completion Rate is 100%. If you hire me Daha Fazla
My name is Ming and I am interested in this project. I am a full stack web developer and have 5+ years of experience of Django Project. And also I finished one similar project using with the mobile frontend and Django Daha Fazla


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I have developed what I think is a pretty cool 11-part auto responder series that solves a critical problem people have in my niche – it includes a number of affiliate links as well (although not clickbank – yet). I currently have a squeeze page set up which I'm driving traffic to through using FB ads, but I'm finding that I'm having to pay way too much for every conversion ( > $1.50 per conversion).
During the first 7 days of becoming a member, you will have the opportunity to use our research tools, pick the perfect niche, develop your website, and start building your business. If you aren't completely satisfied with us, simply remain a free member. If you are impressed, we invite you to upgrade to a Premium membership. This makes it completely risk-free for you. We won't even ask for payment info to set up your free account. So, sign up today and judge for yourself. We think you'll stick around!
If you're interested in online marketing, setup email software and create a lead magnet that you can use in your sales funnel. Then, build up that list. It's often said that you can expect to earn about $1 per subscriber per month. If you have a list of 10,000 subscribers, that means you can earn roughly around $10,000 per month. You will need to deliver value and not pitch them on every email, but it is a very achievable goal in a short period.
Just talking about Wealthy Affiliate in particular, they charge a monthly fee because you get help every day you are a member. Building a business is a continual process. Their fee is $49/month. You'll also need a domain for $15/year. You have the option of paying for a keyword tool for $19/month. There are no other required fees or upsells. No expensive mentorships!
If you're serious about making money online, start a blog. Blogging is one of the easiest and most sustainable income sources. As long as the blog is setup the right way, in the right niche, with the right content targeted at the right audience, and the offer is complementary to the content, you could make a tremendous amount of passive income from a blog.
Tremendeous free teaching, that helps clear the smoke on what it takes to get an online business going. BUT, you concentrated on click bank and said nothing about getting my web site going and all the necessary details. I always thought the web site as a business sign telling people that xyz is open for business, check it out! Otherwise, people would walk and not even knowing that your biz is open. True?
The implementation of affiliate marketing on the internet relies heavily on various techniques built into the design of many web-pages and websites, and the use of calls to external domains to track user actions (click tracking, Ad Sense) and to serve up content (advertising) to the user. Most of this activity adds time[citation needed] and is generally a nuisance to the casual web-surfer and is seen as visual clutter.[citation needed] Various countermeasures have evolved over time to prevent or eliminate the appearance of advertising when a web-page is rendered. Third party programs (Ad-Aware, Adblock Plus, Spybot, pop-up blockers, etc.) and particularly, the use of a comprehensive HOSTS file can effectively eliminate the visual clutter and the extra time and bandwidth needed to render many web pages. The use of specific entries in the HOSTS file to block these well-known and persistent marketing and click-tracking domains can also aid in reducing a system's exposure to malware by preventing the content of infected advertising or tracking servers to reach a user's web-browser.[citation needed]
Everyone's had a friend ask to borrow money before. The internet makes it possible to turn your peer-to-peer lending into easy online money. Peer-to-Peer (or P2P) lending is a great way to generate interest on the cash you have on hand. The interest you earn will be really high, even more than an online savings account! That makes this one of the most legit ways to make money online.
If you're the vendor, then you create your own product and set it up using Clickbank's system. They then list your product in their marketplace so that tens of thousands of affiliates can see you. They handle the tracking using unique tracking links and cookies so they know exactly where the sale came from and credit the referring account accordingly.
But there are two huge advantages to using Clickbank. First of all, commissions for affiliates selling your product are automatically calculated and credited to them, and secondly your product will appear in their market place. Internet marketers from all over the world will see it and may well offer it. To use a personal example my Twitter book was picked up in the market place by quite a few people and sold in good numbers. These were people I don't know and have never met, but they were out there earning me money!
I see the great potential and endless possibilities in making money on line. I also saw the numerous youtube blogs stating how they can help you make thousands of dollars a day. However, the ones I read were a bunch of fluff. I really want to do the CB business but not sure how comfortable I feel about blogging but willing to try it. Do you have a course or a one-on-one you can help me get started.
Product Reviews are like Ray-Ban affiliate online marketing never go out of style. If a customer is interested in a product, most likely will find reviews of that product, and if you make a compelling review, something that inspires the customer to buy going to be very successful (a). But because the recommendations are so popular on clickbank affiliate marketing, competition is high, and traffic keywords are low. If you work with highly targeted niche will help you avoid this problem, but you must be prepared (a) to work hard and perform a lot of experiences before seeing significant increases in traffic, clicks, and conversions.
If you've got experience and expertise in a specific area of business, there are hundreds if not thousands of business owners who would love to jump on a phone call and pick your brain. This can be an easy way to make extra money online and to hone your skills to use in your consulting or freelance business. Sites like Clarity.fm let you create a profile where entrepreneurs and business owners can pre-pay to book a phone call with you for a set amount of time. Whether you're an expert in raising money for startups, building apps, or running a restaurant, you can make extra money selling a few minutes of your time to people in need.
As you probably guessed, the scale of strategies behind promoting Clickbank products is much larger than the ClickBank itself. One thing you must understand is the fact that you need to choose your strategy based on the product, not what you know. Every product has a different audience and every audience requires a different approach, that's why if you want to become a super affiliate on Clickbank, you need to learn these different strategies and choose the right one based on what you promote.
While these models have diminished in mature e-commerce and online advertising markets they are still prevalent in some more nascent industries. China is one example where Affiliate Marketing does not overtly resemble the same model in the West. With many affiliates being paid a flat "Cost Per Day" with some networks offering Cost Per Click or CPM.
Equally, you can charge businesses to 'claim' their listing, a method used by many large directory sites like Google Business and Yelp. This involves companies paying to upgrade their listing and adding information such as their web address, social media links, images, and more. Other revenue streams include charging for ad space, adding affiliate links and even charging for services and products on your directory site.
Typing - You will be typing papers for professionals, especially for doctors (medical transcription) and lawyers (legal transcription). Transcriptionists are much on demand and able to earn high income. Professionals have always a bulk of papers to be typed which their office cannot do on time. A good grasp of legal or medical terms are essential. Even if you have a full time job.
In 2017, there were almost 90 million pet dogs in the US. Which has opened up a huge opportunity to make money online as a dog watcher or sitter. Specialized sites like Rover or Care.com connect pet owners with pet walkers, sitters, and boarding houses to help look after their best friends when they're at work or on a trip. If you're an animal lover, you can make extra money and get to spend some quality time with a furry friend.
I am Edward, I would like to do online earning. I already clickbank beginner. Can you help me to send me your link, how to make online earning using facebook & instagram easy way. or I will send you my clickbank link you will publish in website or google traffic. I don't know your best way. If I get money, sure I will pay you some commissions. This commitments for few months until I learnt from you 🙂
It was by pure chance that I was reading an article written by a reporter. The article was about scams but at the end, offered the services of a Canadian Company. The company was called Wealthy Affiliate and they had been in business for 15 years and had at that time over 500,000 members and this somehow looked very serious. Today they have 760,000 members, which means they are certainly doing something right.
Using a food delivery service can't necessarily earn you money, but it can help you save you money if you constantly find yourself throwing out half the food you buy. Food delivery services send a box of food every week with new, sometimes unique vegetables, meat, fruit, and so on. If you don't have time to shop and want simple meal-prep that leads to a good meal, a food subscription service may be perfect for you.
If you're interested in online marketing, setup email software and create a lead magnet that you can use in your sales funnel. Then, build up that list. It's often said that you can expect to earn about $1 per subscriber per month. If you have a list of 10,000 subscribers, that means you can earn roughly around $10,000 per month. You will need to deliver value and not pitch them on every email, but it is a very achievable goal in a short period.
There are a lot of people bewailing the idea that this or that affiliate plan doesn't work. Clickbank does not work, CPA doesn't work, Commission Junction does not work, Amazon does not work, and so forth. I know this sort of frustration, as just about everybody who comes online seeking ways to bring in money will run into a learning curve. You will attempt this and that, all the same come away with empty pockets and broken hopes. As a matter of fact, I bet there isn't an individual who's gone the affiliate marketing path that hasn't bore failures. One thing you have to comprehend is that everyone experiences this at one point or another. Get all the info you need here
Creating and selling courses on your blog can be a successful way to make money online. The course itself should be relevant to your blog, and based on a topic that will benefit your audience. Although it may take time to create the course in the first instance, once completed, you can then repeatedly make money from the course each time you sell it.
Better yet, you can even upload your own book to one of the world's largest book sellers: Amazon. With Amazon self-publishing, you set the price, retain the rights to your book, and get access to Amazon's massive audience. For every sale, you keep 70% with Amazon taking the remainder as a fee. If you want to get started, check out Leslie Samuel's great guide to selling eBooks online or follow Tara Gentile on CreativeLive as she shows you how to use your existing body of work to write an eBook within the next week. Who knows, you might just write one of the best business books of this year!
So, I put together a free master course for you to take that spreads out all of the work involved in starting a blog, into a series of action-packed lessons. My free course breaks the entire process of starting a blog down into an incredibly simple 7-day process for going from 0 to publishing (and promoting) your first blog post in just 1 week. I can't recommend it enough.
You may also want to check out 9 Best Content Marketing Training, Courses and Certifications for 2017; Best Instagram Marketing Training and Courses for 2017 and Top 10 Skill Based Coursera Courses for 2017. In addition to that, you will find 7 Best EMail Marketing Courses really useful and the 8 Best Shopify Marketing Courses will help Increase Sales and Profits.
If you have a budget and are willing to pay for traffic, you might want to explore investing in Facebook Ads, Google Adwords, Bing Ads or any of the other networks you can buy traffic from. Their first advantage is a double-edged sword. You can literally start receiving traffic within minutes from starting a campaign. But once you stop running the campaign, the "traffic tap" stops.
Sorry to hear you had such a bad experience with Clickbank. Refunded 5 weeks later? That's pretty extreme! I could not find any info on CB on whether gravity takes into account refund rates, but from other blogs, I read that NO, it doesn't take it into account. The Earned/Sale category however does take this into account, which is why the average $ earned per sale will sometimes be different from the actual commission you make.
Now you've got many different options to start earning online. If you saw something that really interests you, try it out and learn more about it. If you're really wanting to make a full-time income online, you need to be dedicated to learning how to do what you want to do. There are tons of free resources out there. You just have to search for them!
Its amazing of the many affiliate programs that are out there where people are making a good living from them. For example the few that you mention that has such a great training model, wealthy affiliate tops them all because of the way this business is structure and I believe that wealthy affiliate has the best training program in the world when it comes to affiliate marketing. Thanks for sharing.
If you are a creative type, then you could make money online by designing and selling crafty products on Etsy. Etsy sells a range of beautiful and original items from independent suppliers. Categories range from jewelry, clothes, and accessories, to art, collectibles, and vintage. So if you have some stunning crafty creations, Etsy is the perfect platform from which to sell from.
I was thinking print because I understand that market much better, as I come from that world. Also, there is an immense amount of competition online, specifically regarding PPC. Finally, print offers something which PPC ads do not IMO, which is, when people see something in a newspaper or magazine, they give it more weight. They tend to put more trust into it. Even though they shouldn't, they assume because something is in print, it must be good and worthy. However…
If you're getting into the world of affiliate marketing it won't be long before you find out about ClickBank and wonder if it works or not. It's the world's biggest marketplace for digital items, and it has millions of products and thousands and thousands of affiliates promoting the heck out of them. Perhaps you yourself have purchased something from them over the years and now you're wondering if you can promote them and see success. We'll break down your chances and give you a real idea of what to expect.
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You can even compare ClickBank to the topmost online marketplace Amazon. Now, Amazon's affiliate program pays between four and eight percent. So if you sell a 50$ book on amazon.com you can only get maybe 4 dollars commission on that. Needless to mention that Amazon will have to pay you, the publisher, the author, the shipping and handling. After that Amazon gets a cut and if there's a third party involved, they earn something too! So where do you stand in all this long list of people? Practically nowhere!
Hey Arthur, glad you like the site! I don't think bloggers would be against giving free stuff instead of asking money for it. Squeeze pages work fine. But I'd still recommend you build your own site and own platform, its just better in the long run. The way you do it is you create a free post (like this one) with free downloads inside then drive traffic to it. Everyone is happy to link to free info then you can retarget people without too much trouble.
Like this you find eBooks on almost every topic. Hence people who are online can go to the Clickbank directly and buy a product there. But you might be thinking how do you make money? Well! As a matter of fact millions of people come to Internet and it is not necessary that each of them knows about Clickbank therefore you will have to become a bridge between thousands of products on Clickbank and those millions of people who are online and looking for solution.
Jill has noticed that a lot of her subscribers complain about acne. So, using her good networking skills, she is able to partner up with Sara – a respected, professional dermatologist with years of experience. Together they create a digital product for curing acne permanently. Jill signs up with Clickbank and hundreds of affiliates begin promoting the product like crazy! Sara and Jill now have other people working hard to earn them money 🙂
As search engines have become more prominent, some affiliate marketers have shifted from sending e-mail spam to creating automatically generated web pages that often contain product data feeds provided by merchants. The goal of such web pages is to manipulate the relevancy or prominence of resources indexed by a search engine, also known as spamdexing. Each page can be targeted to a different niche market through the use of specific keywords, with the result being a skewed form of search engine optimization.
If you have a propensity for writing and you can slay with your prose, consider writing an ebook. While the market has certainly become saturated as of late, books that help teach people about a technical topic still sell extremely well. This is a great source of passive income but does require a large amount of effort at the outset before any money is generated.
Being an online freelance writer is one type of skill that you can use to make money online. But there are a wide variety of other skills that can be used in a similar manner. Every website and blog on the Internet needs technical skills. This can include graphic design, web design, search engine optimization, social media marketing and promotion, content editing, and so much more.
If you design a wildly popular app (which is harder than it sounds), you might be pleasantly surprised with the income they generate. Offering one or more apps at the iTunes or Android app store gives your creations wide exposure to prospects. And income can be generated by charging for the app, displaying in-app ads, or charging for in-app features and upgrades.
Once you've gathered a list, put together a template outreach email (as you'll be doing this over and over) that's short and clear with expectations. Tell your potential interviewee who you are, what your podcast is about, and what you're asking of them. Do a few test interviews with friends and family to make sure everything is being recorded at the quality you want and then book your first episode.
ClickBank itself is definitely not a scam, but there are some ClickBank products that people label as a scam. They're pretty lax about what sort of companies can sell their digital wares with their service, and some people have gotten the idea that ClickBank is a scam. But in fact they offer pretty strong protection from scam companies in the form of their no-questions-asked money back guarantee.
It is also better to view ClickBank as a tool for generating leads, instead of hoping to sell 100,000 copies of your e-book immediately. Use ClickBank to drive visitors to your website, then get them on a newsletter list and market to them repeatedly. You may want to offer a contest or freebie along with the newsletter to encourage people to sign up with you.
I paid Carlos $10,000 to coach me 1-on-1, but not everyone can afford that kind of an investment and it won't be ideal for beginner because you're already expected to know the basics. This is why I recommend John's course at least it'll be more affordable and it should still give you all the training you need to make money with affiliate marketing.
The more traffic you have, the more money you can make with ClickBank. In order to maximize your traffic, you should spend some time identifying commonly searched keywords that relate to the product you plan to sell. If you create articles and other content based on those keywords you can often get some traffic from search engines, especially if you target the less competitive long-tail keywords in your niche.
The music industry might not be as strong as it was in the 80s, but there are still plenty of ways to make money online as a musician. Sites like SoundBetter let you sell your services as a songwriter, producer, or session musician to thousands of customers a month. While Musicbed, Music Vine, Marmoset, and SongFreedom are perfect for licensing your music to TV shows, movies, and web series.
Repeat business is the key. It's a lot easier and cheaper to market to a repeat customer than it is to acquire a new one. In fact, the average business spend seven times more in marketing cost to get a new customer than it does to keep an existing one. When you're doing hit and run affiliate marketing, what you are in fact doing is spending that 7X more money to acquire a customer for SOMEONE ELSE! Can you see now why most hit and run affiliate marketers don't make money?
22. Advertising – This is definitely the most old-school way of earning money with a blog. It's also starting to become the least common way. You can sell advertising spots directly on your site or you can sign up with a company like Google AdSense or Media.net. Either way, you won't see a whole lot of money from ads until your views are well into the thousands each day.
If you need to "make money quickly" then I don't recommend starting any kind of business. Making money in business rarely happens fast, especially for newbies. Also, it would be a shot in the dark to look for someone who will train you to run your business and only accept a "fee" after you start earning money. They'd rather just build the business themselves!
I have developed what I think is a pretty cool 11-part auto responder series that solves a critical problem people have in my niche – it includes a number of affiliate links as well (although not clickbank – yet). I currently have a squeeze page set up which I'm driving traffic to through using FB ads, but I'm finding that I'm having to pay way too much for every conversion ( > $1.50 per conversion).
Thank you for your useful share above about the features and outlook of click bank and how we can make use of click bank in the future. I totally agree that there are many poor quality products on Clickbank. However, if we are serious about making money with CB, we can still get the opportunity by applying some useful tricks as what you mentioned in this writing. Thanks again!
As search engines have become more prominent, some affiliate marketers have shifted from sending e-mail spam to creating automatically generated web pages that often contain product data feeds provided by merchants. The goal of such web pages is to manipulate the relevancy or prominence of resources indexed by a search engine, also known as spamdexing. Each page can be targeted to a different niche market through the use of specific keywords, with the result being a skewed form of search engine optimization.
I was just reading your article and it seems like all of these experts are pointing primarily towards this one course – Wealthy Affiliate. Do you have anymore information about this course? What is it exactly and how does it work? Furthermore, I actually have a bit of experience myself with Affiliorama and I find that it's so tough because of all the information. I get so overwhelmed. Is Wealthy Affiliate better in terms of this?
You can sell your ebooks through Amazon's Kindle program or Apple's iTunes Connect, which gives you access to a large majority of the digital-book reading market and the barriers for entry are incredibly low. You don't need to invest lots of money to make this happen, but you do need to invest lots of time, not only in writing the ebooks, but in marketing them as well.
Tremendeous free teaching, that helps clear the smoke on what it takes to get an online business going. BUT, you concentrated on click bank and said nothing about getting my web site going and all the necessary details. I always thought the web site as a business sign telling people that xyz is open for business, check it out! Otherwise, people would walk and not even knowing that your biz is open. True?
We'll go into more details regarding each step but let me give you a quick overview of each. The product/offer is the ClickBank product you'll be promoting. This might seem like it's simple enough but screwing up this step could potentially hinder you from earning a single cent because the other steps are built on top of it. Product research has its own separate section below.
I made some money with it for sure, I was making $3000 to $4000 per month promoting anti-wrinkle offer, on average working 2-3 hours per day to maintain ads, monitor performance, do other tweaks with my accounts. Many people with full time jobs may hear that and think its amazing but for me it just wasn't worth my time especially because with my lead gen business that was already doing multiple 6 figure at the time, just one of my lead gen site can make that much once its ranked, and it doesn't require anymore on-going work. I can keep stacking on my income, with affiliate marketing there was time investment required everyday to maintain a certain level of sales.


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IND Vs PAK | Match 22 Jun 16, 2019
Latest News on Chhattisgarh
Showing of 0 - 10 from 1495 results
Chhattisgarh - Total results - 1495
Jun 13, 2019
Soon, air-conditioned helmets may help Chhattisgarh traffic police, field officers combat soaring temperaturesIn a first, Chhattisgarh Police has decided to use indigenously developed 'air conditioned' helmets for traffic cops and other field officers.
Jun 11, 2019
Chhattisgarh govt stops mining-related works in Bailadila range after tribals protest against excavation near hill revered as deityThe Chhattisgarh government Tuesday ordered a halt to all works related to proposed iron ore mining at Deposit-13 in Bailadila hill range in Danewada district amid protest by tribals against excavation
Jun 07, 2019
Tribals gherao hill in Chhattisgarh's Bailadila to oppose iron ore mining, claim excavation site central to religious beliefsTribals from some 200 villages of Dantewada, Sukma and Bijapur districts, began an indefinite protest against NMDC in Chhattisgarh, demanding that the PSE abandon plans to mine a hill in Bailadila Iron Ore Mining Area, which, they say, is home to local deities
Jun 01, 2019
Narendra Modi rewards Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan with nine ministers, reaches out to farmers, tribalsThe five persons from Madhya Pradesh who have been named as ministers are Narendra Tomar, Thaawar Chand Gehlot, Dharmendra Pradhan, Prahlad Singh Patel and Faggan Singh Kulaste.
May 31, 2019
Renuka Singh Saruta, Minister of State in Ministry of Tribal Affairs: Surguja MP is vice-president of BJP's ST cellRenuka Singh Saruta on the constituency by a huge margin of over 1.5 lakh votes, defeating her rival from the Congress party, Khel Sai Singh.
May 29, 2019
25 state govts to pay one crore for every month plastic disposal plans aren't submitted to CentreThe states were expected to submit action plans for plastic disposal by 30 April to the Pollution Control Board.
May 27, 2019
Missing the Mood for the BreezeThe media missed the Modi juggernaut that wasn't even trying to hide in plain sight, and looked for results in the wrong place—the corridors of the national capital. All exit polls, however, got the direction right: Modi was coming back
May 26, 2019
Despite drubbing in Lok Sabha polls, Congress draws consolation from win in Chhattisgarh's Bastar seat in Maoist hotbedPrior to polling in Bastar Lok Sabha seat, ultras last month killed BJP MLA Bhima Mandavi and four security personnel in the region, which has been struggling with Naxal menace for the past three decades.
May 24, 2019
BJP bags nine of 11 LS seats in Chhattisgarh: RSS played key role in turning around saffron party's fortunesThis change in BJP's favour in Chhattisgarh didn't come overnight. In one of the RSS' closed-door meeting, the organisation decided to take charge of election strategy.
May 24, 2019
Lok Sabha Election Results 2019: State, constituency, party-wise winning candidates; full winners listRegistering an emphatic win, BJP-led NDA has won the general elections with a thumping majority and the party alone has won 303 seats. Here's the state, constituency and party-wise, full winners list


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Tom Cartoonist and his all-star super band are playing the Gaso! Fresh from having just launched his brand new EP "Four Songs About Suburbs & Food", Tom can't wait to play some new and familiar favourites. Joined on drums by Immy Owusu (and other surprise guests), Tom's songs combine kooky Jonathan Richman type lyrics with upbeat garage riffs ala Green Day & The Hives. Support acts include alternative rock act Soft Taco, and folk-troubadour extraordinaire Ciaran Boyle. Something for everyone!
Back to All Events
Earlier Event: June 21Mr. McClelland's Finishing School
Later Event: June 22Melt Vol 4. w/ Polito (Live), Cooper Dodge, Kitty Whip + more


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Nominate a veteran and they could win… More
Nominate a veteran and they could win… More
Win Your Way In… More
Happening June 21st… More
Happening August 16, 17, and 18th… More
Starts in June at Promenade Park… More
Coming to the Toledo Zoo on July 31… More
Happening August 9th, 10th, and 11th in Downtown Toledo… More
Catch Eric Chase on Demand… More
CLICK HERE for up to date school closings and delays!…… More
Bella Thorne chided Whoopi Goldberg in a series of tearful videos Tuesday after the "The View" co-host criticized her for taking intimate photos of herself. Goldberg said the actress should have known hackers would be able to gain access to nude pictures she had taken. "Once you take that picture it goes into the cloud…… More
The Duchess of Cambridge looked beautiful in blue as she arrived to Royal Ascot on Tuesday. Kate Middleton donned a light blue Elie Saab dress detailed with lace and a pussy bow for the first day of the horse racing event. The duchess accessorized her outfit with a matching hat, silver clutch and silver heels.…… More
A Michigan judge has been asked to decide whether one of Aretha Franklin's sons could take control of the late singer's estate and replace its current representative. Kecalf Franklin, the singer's youngest son, filed two court petitions Monday seeking to be named a personal representative of his mother's estate. He intends to be a co-representative…… More
It's been nearly 25 years since "Toy Story" first debuted in theaters and consequently stole my heart as a nine-year-old girl in Atlanta. My younger brother and I were equally obsessed with Andy Davis' loveable yet sometimes mischievous toys in the Pixar films. I was immediately drawn to Sheriff Woody, voiced by Tom Hanks, my…… More
It seems no price is too high for some "Star Wars" fans. When Disneyland opened Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge in May, a wave of new merchandise came with it. Among the $200 lightsabers and $400 stormtrooper helmets, one item stands out: A $25,000 droid-building experience. The droids, which stand 3.5-feet tall, are mirror images of…… More


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It's worse than a nightmare but letting the youngsters in the team wallow in self-pity is the last thing skipper Faf du Plessis would want ahead of their crucial game against world no.2 India.
South Africa have lost the first two games and in a space of 24 hours, their premier pacer Dale Steyn has been ruled out of
"For me, the natural thing that happens in a team is you find that your confidence goes down and naturally younger guys in the team, coming to their first World Cup, they will potentially go into their self-pity cycle."
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Hello you!
A new week, a new blogpost!
This time no outfit… but a little more about these beauty products: The Naturae line of Germaine De Capuccini.
Thanks to the sweet Stefanie, I received these 4 products. She has her own beauty salon Beautique.
I've been testing them for more than a week now, and I love them.
The Naturae line is a natural, organic line. The products are based on White Tea extract, one of world's most powerful and effective antioxidants.
Every day I use them in 3 steps:
In the first step, you clean your skin with the Hydrating Cleansing milk. This will take all of the dirt of your skin and makes it soft and clean.
Next step: i apply the Hydrating Toning Lotion. This one prepares your skin for the next step.
Last step is to bring on your Multi-Protection White Tea Facial Cream.
This really makes your skin very smooth.
During winter, my skin was very dry. And now it's fully hydrated, it feels and looks healthy again.
"Once you see results, it becomes an addiction!"
Once a week, I give my face an extra treatment with this Intense Multi-Protection White Tea Mask:
So I'm very happy and enthusiastic about these beauty line products from Beautique. My skin is well cared for!
What are your favorite beauty products??
Lots of love,
flatlay/book: DIY Beauty from Nanja Massy https://www.instagram.com/nanjamassy/


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Properties for sale in Fortrose
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- Pre-owned / New homes No preference
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- Auction No preference
- Retirement No preference
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Keyword search allows you to find properties that include specific words e.g. pool.
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4 bedroom country house for saleBlack Isle, Fortrose, Highland IV10
Recently extended and upgraded farmhouse with approximately ten acres of farmland. A productive traditional working farm in the popular area of the Black Isle, rarely available and includes a ...
5 bedroom detached house for sale - Just addedCapel House Platcock Wynd, Fortrose IV10
A fantastic opportunity to purchase an impressive, individually designed family home in sought after Fortrose on the Black Isle. Originally built in 2002 and extended in 2018, this fantastic ...
2 bedroom detached bungalow for saleSt Andrews Walk, Fortrose, Ross-Shire IV10
***** closing date set for 12 noon on Friday 21st June 2019 ***** A rare opportunity to purchase a two bedroom detached bungalow with stunning views over Fortrose Harbour and the Moray ...
3 bedroom semi-detached house for sale13, Deans Road, Fortrose IV10
*** superb views *** Semi-detached 3 bedroom villa appreciating superb views to moray firth. In excellent order throughout, has to be seen to be appreciated. Description Well maintained and ...
2 bedroom semi-detached house for saleCornwell Crescent, Fortrose IV10
Superb, well presented 2 bedrm semi-detached villa situated in the popular Chanonry Park in fortrose in the Highlands of Scotland. Built by Tulloch Homes Ltd in 2015 & conveniently located ...
2 bedroom semi-detached house for saleFeddon Hill, Fortrose IV10
Fantastic opportunity to purchase this Immaculate 2 bedroom home, located in the popular seaside location of Fortrose. With a 'walk in' condition and flexible living across two floors, this ...
* Sizes listed are approximations. Please contact the agent to verify actual sizes.


text:
We put Hyundai's long-range electric Kona SUV to the test – and ask all the important questions – and find out?
Hyundai unveils new all-electric Ioniq with 38kWh battery and a slightly longer driving range. But hasn't yet revealed the new price.
From weekend jaunts to the daily grind: the Hyundai Kona Electric does it all with ease.
Electric Cars Electric Vehicles News & Commentary
Hyundai Kona test drive: Finally, a long-range EV at half the price
We drive the fully electric Hyundai Kona for a week and deliver our verdict.
Electric Cars Electric Vehicles
Hyundai Kona sales face limits and delays, as video reveals nearly all
Hyundai Australia confirms all-electric Kona available "in coming weeks", but numbers limited, as an early video review comes to light.
The inevitable shift to electric cars is being celebrated by one of Australia's largest independent car dealer franchises, right in the heart of Tony Abbott's Warringah electorate.
Hyundai and Kia look to add solar cells to the roofs of their cars to boost charging and range for EVs and hybrids.
In what could be a worrying sign for Australia, Hyundai UK have bumped Kona Electric release date from February to August 2019.
Electric Cars Electric Vehicles Governments Victorian Government
Audi, Hyundai, Jaguar, Mercedes sign up as Chargefox rolls out 350kW EV charger network
Chargefox luanches first 350kW ultra-rapid EV charging station in Victoria. Here's what you need to know about Australia's first open fast-charge network.
Hyundai Tweets that Kona EV available in Australia mid November, then deletes the Tweet a day later. Confusion ensues.


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|Reference : Functional correlates of the protective effects of free wheel-running against cocaine...
|Scientific congresses and symposiums : Unpublished conference/Abstract
|Human health sciences : Radiology, nuclear medicine & imaging
|Functional correlates of the protective effects of free wheel-running against cocaine psychomotor sensitization on dopamine D2 receptors: a [18F]Fallypride microPET study.
|Becker, Guillaume [Université de Liège - ULiège > > Centre de recherches du cyclotron >]
|Lespine, Louis-Ferdinand [Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Psychologie > Neuroscience comportementale et psychopharmacologie expér. >]
|Bahri, Mohamed Ali [Université de Liège - ULiège > > Centre de recherches du cyclotron >]
|Luxen, André [Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de chimie (sciences) > Laboratoire de chimie organique de synthèse >]
|Lemaire, Christian [Université de Liège - ULiège > > Centre de recherches du cyclotron >]
|Tirelli, Ezio [Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Psychologie > Neuroscience comportementale et psychopharmacologie expér. >]
|Plenevaux, Alain [Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de chimie (sciences) > Département de chimie (sciences) >]
|European Molecular Imaging Meeting - EMIM 2017
|05 avril 2017 - 07 avril 2017
|European Society for Molecular Imaging
|[en] micropET ; imaging ; preclinical ; fallypride ; D2 ; cocaine ; physical exercice ; fluorine-18
|[en] Preclinical studies suggest that free access to a running wheel can attenuate the behavioural responsiveness to addictive drugs in rodents. Regarding the behavioural responsiveness to drugs, psychomotor sensitization has an integral role in the process of drug addiction in craving and relapse (Steketee and Kalivas, 2011). Free wheel-running was recently shown to be efficacious at preventing the initiation or the long-term expression of psychomotor sensitization to cocaine in mice or rats (Diaz et al., 2013; Geuzaine and Tirelli, 2014). In the present study, we investigated the neuro-functional correlates of the protection against psychomotor sensitization to cocaine afforded by free wheel-running on dopaminergic neurotransmission, using microPET imaging with [18F]Fallypride, a Dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) antagonist.
We used a total of 32 female C57BL/6J mice. At 28 days of age, the mice were randomly assigned to on of the two experimental housing conditions, defined by the presence or the absence of a running wheel in the cage (pre-testing period: 6 weeks). Since mice from the two types of housing received either saline or cocaine (8 mg/kg, i.p.) during testing (9 days), a basic 2*2 factorial design was generated (two-way ANOVA). The whole experimentation lasted 85 days, included the 42-days pre-testing period and the 3 weeks (housing condition, no injection) between the testing and the long-term expression of sensitization (LTES). All mice underwent a microPET (Focus 120, Siemens) the day after the LTES. The microPET protocol consisted of a 60 min. dynamic acquisition after the injection of 10 MBq of [18F]Fallypride in the tail vein.
We observe a strong attenuating effect of exercise on the expression of sensitization to cocaine (Effect Size = 2.66 at p < .001 one-tailed, N.B: Effect Size is the mean difference in standard deviation units). Regarding the microPET outcomes ([18F]Fallypride Binding Potential, BP), we have a significant increase of the [18F]Fallypride BP for the cocaine-treated mice, compared to the saline-injected mice (Effect Size = 0.78 at p = .02 one-tailed). We observe a decrease tendency of the [18F]Fallypride BP in the exercise condition compared to the sedentary condition (ES = 0.48 at p = .09 one-tailed).
These findings indicate that LTES is associated with an increase of the [18F]Fallypride BP in the mouse striatum, probably reflecting an increase in postsynaptic D2R density in this region. Besides that, the protecting effect of free running on psychomotor sensitization goes together with a decrease in D2R density in the striatum of exercised mice. Those data will be augmented with identical sub-experiment. All data will be pooled together to reach a total number of 64 mice (n = 16 per group).
|Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron - CRC
|Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Communauté française de Belgique) - F.R.S.-FNRS
|Researchers ; Professionals ; Students
|File(s) associated to this reference
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Name: Junos pulse desktop for mac
File size: 929mb
Language: English
Rating: 7/10
Pulse Secure Desktop Client 64 Bit Installer MSI! MD5 SHA1 SHA2, R, msi, 16,,, 11 Dec Pulse Secure Desktop Client Mac OS X Edition!. One universal client for Pulse Connect Secure, Pulse Policy Secure and Pulse Workspace. Beautiful experience on mobile and desktop. Enjoy Secure Access. The main areas where Mac support get shaky are the Web interface . A: Junos Pulse desktop client is now called Pulse Secure Client. Pulse.
Pulse Secure Desktop Client Junos Pulse for Windows. Junos Pulse 21 Feb Junos Pulse is alternative VPN solution for Macs that can't install will be a Junos Pulse icon at the top right side of the Mac Desktop menu bar. 3 Jun Download Junos Pulse for bit Windows (typically Windows 7 and . If you're using "Back to my mac" on your computer the VPN may not.
You can download and install the Junos Pulse client to use the Secure Remote Access service on a Mac. The Junos Pulse client enables you to use the service. Pulse Secure Mac Install. Note: If you are having trouble finding the file after download, trying looking on your desktop or in the downloads folder located in the. -Mac computer with OSX -Junos Pulse (Application). -Windows Remote Desktop for Mac (Application). -IP address and login information of remote. Users are advised to uninstall the Junos Pulse client and install the new Pulse Secure Desktop Client version. This installer can be downloaded here. 28 Nov Pulse Secure for Windows Instructions. Download the Pulse Secure for Windows VPN client installer; Double click the downloaded installation.
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