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Nemiri - Synthesis of large area multilayer hexagonal boron nitride. Multilayer h bn films are highly desired for various applications in 2d nanoelectronics here, the authors demonstrate the synthesis of large area and high quality multi layer h bn films on fe. Large area growth of multi layer hexagonal boron nitride. On the other hand, although h bn has been grown on ni foils by mbe 33,34, the growth mechanism remains elusive, moreover, no electrical and dielectric properties of those mbe grown h bn films have. Multilayer h bn boron nitride film grown on copper foil. Multilayer h bn boron nitride film grown in copper foil h bn is an insulator with a direct band gap of 5 97 ev due to its strong covalent sp 2 bonds in the plane, the in plane mechanical strength and thermal conductivity of h bn has been reported to be close to that of graphene h bn has an even higher chemical stability than graphene; it can be stable in air up to 1000 �c in contrast. Pdf dielectric dispersion and high field response of. Characterizations on the dielectric properties of thickness reduced h bn film shows desirable low leakage current, large capacitance and high breakdown field properties as a gate dielectric. Dielectric breakdown in chemical vapor deposited hexagonal. In this work, the dielectric breakdown process of multilayer hexagonal boron nitride h bn is analyzed on the nanoscale and on the device level, and the experimental results are studied via theoretical models. Monolayer graphene hexagonal boron nitride heterostructure. We investigate the insulating properties of the thin h bn multilayer fig 6a shows the electrical current density through a 55 nm thick h bn multilayer in the perpendicular to plane direction as a function of electric field applied in the same direction it is observed that for electric fields as high as 15 mv cm, no dielectric breakdown occurs. Pdf dielectric breakdown in chemical vapor deposited. By means of conductive atomic force microscopy cafm the bd event is triggered at several locations on the surface of different dielectrics sio2, hfo2, al2o3, multilayer h bn and monolayer h bn. Synthesis and characterization of hexagonal boron nitride. Hexagonal boron nitride h bn is a promising material as a dielectric layer or substrate for two dimensional electronic devices in this work, we report the synthesis of large area h bn film using atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition on a copper foil, followed by cu etching and transfer to a target substrate. Boron nitride bn material properties. Boron nitride, bn ceramic properties boron nitride is a white solid material in the as produced hot pressed form it is a low porosity solid it is easily machined into complex shapes using standard carbide tooling. Boron nitride wikipedia. Dielectric properties atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride is an excellent dielectric substrate for graphene, molybdenum disulphide mos 2 , and many other 2d material based electronic and photonic devices as shown by electric force microscopy efm studies, the electric field screening in atomically thin boron nitride shows a weak.
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One Academic Sentenced to 1 Year, 6 Months in Prison
Başak Tuğ Onaran from İstanbul Bilgi University has been sentenced to 1 year, 6 months in prison. While her prison term has not been reduced since "she did not express remorse", the announcement of the verdict has been suspended.
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Whispering-gallery-mode resonators have been extensively used in conjunction with different materials for the development of a variety of photonic devices. Among the latter, hybrid structures, consisting of dielectric microspheres and colloidal core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals as gain media, have attracted interest for the development of microlasers and studies of cavity quantum electrodynamic effects. Here we demonstrate single-exciton, single-mode, spectrally tuned lasing from ensembles of optical antenna-designed, colloidal core/shell CdSe/CdS quantum rods deposited on silica microspheres. We obtain single-exciton emission by capitalizing on the band structure of the specific core/shell architecture that strongly localizes holes in the core, and the two-dimensional quantum confinement of electrons across the elongated shell. This creates a type-II conduction band alignment driven by coulombic repulsion that eliminates non-radiative multi-exciton Auger recombination processes, thereby inducing a large exciton–bi-exciton energy shift. Their ultra-low thresholds and single-mode, single-exciton emission make these hybrid lasers appealing for various applications, including quantum information processing.
Research in developing lasers based on semiconductor nanocrystals for applications, such as telecommunications, optical interconnects and quantum information processing, has experienced significant growth over the past decade. This activity has resulted in the demonstration of a whole range of sources, including ultra-short (~100 fs) pulse lasers with a few kHz narrow linewidths1, operating with GHz-repetition rates2, and ultra-low timing jitter as well as single-photon sources based on photonic crystals3, micropillars4 and nanowires5. Although epitaxial growth techniques that are compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology represent an established approach to produce self-assembled nanocrystals for photonic devices, the use of wet-chemistry methods has emerged in recent years as a simpler and cost-effective fabrication alternative. Attractive features of chemically synthesized nanocrystals include the ease of control over their size, shape, compositional and surface chemical properties, and the wealth of possibilities for their incorporation into micro- and nanocavities, photonic crystals, feedback schemes and material matrices.
Among the different types of colloidal nanocrystals, core/shell heterostructures, consisting of a quantum dot (core) embedded in a nanoshell, predominantly with spherical and, more recently, with linear6 branched7 and platelet8,9 geometries, have been under vigorous research investigation for the development of microlasers10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19, fundamental studies of light–matter interactions and solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamic effects20,21, where the end goal is to realize functions, such as entanglement of distinguishable quantum systems and controlled coherent coupling. The potential of these nanostructures in lasing applications with respect to bare quantum dots relies on their ability to reduce surface/interface defects and suppress non-radiative Auger recombination effects, as it has been demonstrated using different approaches, involving the use of shells with large thickness or gradual composition, or engineering of the carrier wavefunctions in the volume of the nanostructure22,23,24,25. This provides prospects for realization of lasing in the single-exciton regime, involving the recombination of a single electron–hole pair (exciton). Optical gain in bare quantum dots instead relies on multi-exciton states and experiences a fast decay resulting from non-radiative Auger recombination triggered by quantum-confinement-enhanced Coulombic carrier–carrier interactions26,27. Furthermore, in core/shell nanocrystals the encapsulating shell protects the core from photodegradation, thereby ensuring significantly higher photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields28,29.
An effective approach to circumvent the detrimental Auger recombination effect and obtain single-exciton emission has been recently demonstrated in a vertical cavity surface emitting lasing configuration using core/shell, dot/dot CdSe/Zn0.5Cd0.5S nanocrystals with type-I conduction band (CB) alignment18 as a gain medium. The alloyed shell in these structures ensured a smooth profile for the confinement (interfacial core/shell) potential, which has been associated with lower Auger recombination rates, resulting from the attenuation of high-frequency components in the ground-state hole wavefunction30,31. The supressed Auger rates allowed for low lasing thresholds for an ensemble averaged number of excitons of ›N‹ <1 (ref. 18).
Here we demonstrate for the first time single-mode, single-exciton, tunable laser emission from an ensemble of colloidal type-II CdSe/CdS core/shell nanorods on a silica microsphere. Core/shell nanocrystals with type-II bandgap alignment at the core/shell interface have been extensively studied over recent years, as they represent another promising route for realizing single-exciton lasers32,33,34. The CBs of the CdSe core and the CdS shell in our nanorods are engineered such that the lowest energy states for holes and electrons reside in the core and shell, respectively. The Coulombic repulsive forces that developed along the length of the shell upon optical excitation result in the development of electric field within their volume, which induces a Stark shift of the absorption wavelength with respect to the emission one and allows for single-exciton lasing. One advantage of the dot (core)/rod (shell) architecture adopted here, which represents the simplest extension to the basic spherical core/shell geometry6, is that it provides additional options for shape engineering and, in turn, for manipulation of the carriers' wavefunction distributions, and the optical and electronic properties of the nanocrystals35,36,37,38. Furthermore, nanocrystals with elongated geometries exhibit higher absorption coefficients compared with their spherical counterparts, which allows them to act in a way as antennas for optical excitation7.
Hybrid lasers with whispering-gallery-mode microresonators
The colloidal CdSe/CdS nanorods were synthesized by the seeded-growth approach29. They could produce PL quantum yields as high as 65%29, and had an effective refractive index of nnc=2.5 at λ=610 nm, a wavelength that corresponds to their ensemble PL peak. Their structure was asymmetric, consisting of a spherical, optically active CdSe core with a diameter of 4.0±0.7 nm embedded in one end of the elongated (28±2 nm) CdS shell. Because of its large absorption cross-section, the latter acts as a sensitizer by efficiently absorbing pump light and conferring the photoexcitation to the CdSe core. As the valence band (VB) offset between the two materials is 0.78 eV39, holes experience a three-dimensional confinement within the core. On the other hand, the offset of their CBs depends on the aspect ratio of the nanorods and their growth conditions, ranging from −0.3 to 0.3 eV (refs 39, 40, 41).
The microspheres were produced by CO2 laser thermal processing of fibre tapers (see Methods) to which they remained attached after the completion of the fabrication process. They had diameters from 8 to 40 μm, measured Q-factors in excess of 108 and were coated with a thin layer of nanorods by immersion in a toluene solution of the latter. The density of the nanorods attached on the microsphere surface was controlled by varying their concentration in the solution, the immersion time and the withdrawal speed of the microspheres from the solution.
A schematic of the experimental setup and an image of a typical microsphere used in our work are shown in Figs 1 and 2a, respectively. The spheres were pumped at wavelengths ~400 nm with a tuneable frequency-doubled Ti:sapphire amplifier, operating at 250 KHz and emitting 180-fs-short pulses with a linewidth of 5 nm. The pump light was evanescently coupled to the microsphere resonators using tapered optical fibres with adiabatic transitions, drawn from single-mode fibres at 405 nm (see Methods). This method ensures efficient incoupling and outcoupling of the pump and laser beam, respectively, as well as selectivity in the excitation of the modes42,43.
To measure their optical power and record their spectra, the laser signals were collected by the same taper used for pumping. In cases when the laser output characteristics of the hybrid source were studied, a probe fibre tip44 (Fig. 2b) with a diameter of ~50 nm, a size that ensured sufficient resolution was employed for in-situ monitoring of the laser spectra (see Methods for fabrication details). To enhance pump efficiency and prevent excitation of whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) with high radial index, n, phase-matching of the propagation coefficients between the propagating fundamental mode in the taper and a fundamental WGM in the microsphere (that is, matching of the spatial period of the optical waves in both the taper and microsphere resonator, and hence constructive interference) was established by suitably choosing the size of taper diameter (typically from 1 to 2 μm) with respect to that of the sphere42. Establishing phase matching of the fundamental taper mode to a given WGM also improved the coupling 'ideality' defined as the ratio of power coupled to a desired mode divided by the power coupled or lost to all modes43. Because of the large absorption by the nanorods at the pump wavelength and, hence, the large round-trip loss in the microsphere resonator, any mode other than the fundamental that may have been excited by the fraction the pump power that was not transferred to fundamental WGMs would be eliminated.
Figure 3a shows the laser spectrum for the single WGM operation at 628.32 nm of a microsphere with a diameter of 9.2 μm, along with the inhomogeneously broadened fluorescence spectrum from an ensemble of nanocrystals and the PL emission spectrum from the hybrid microsphere. The latter exhibits a modulation by a number of peaks with the characteristic WGM distribution. The laser spectrum was obtained by resonantly pumping a fundamental WG pump mode with , with m and l being the azimuthal and polar numbers, respectively, above an absorbed pump power of 100 μW. Such modes, with low n numbers, have very small volumes and are confined to the equatorial ring of the sphere (defined as the area parallel to the taper fibre axis perpendicular to the stem) close to its surface45. They were identified by a dip observed in the transmission through the taper when the pumping wavelength was tuned. The laser line corresponds to the single-exciton transition and its full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) value of Δλ=0.06 nm suggests a Q-factor value of λ/Δλ~104 for the hybrid cavity. This lower value, with respect to the uncoated sphere, is attributed to the surface roughness introduced by the gain medium and the associated scattering loss at the boundaries with the silica microsphere and the surrounding air. Losses from the presence of the fibre may also have contributed to the deterioration of the Q-factor, as experiments were conducted near the overcoupled regime. Parameters that are crucial for achieving single-mode laser emission from the hybrid microsphere are the bandwidth of the pump pulse at ~400 nm, the microsphere size, and the establishment of phase-matching pumping conditions. Microspheres with sufficiently small size have a free-spectral range (FSR) that is comparable to or larger than the bandwidth of the pulse, which allows for spatially selective excitation of a single mode. Phase matching of this mode with the pump taper mode ensures maximum optical pump power transfer. In this case, the optical power transferred to other non-phase-matched modes is significantly smaller and insufficient to produce lasing because of large absorption of the pump wavelength by the microsphere and the associated high losses in the resonator.
Figure 3b shows the laser output characteristics as a function of absorbed pump power for the single WGM operation of the microsphere, indicating a lasing threshold of 67.5 μW and a maximum output power of 5.5 μW for 155 μW of absorbed power, which corresponds to a slope efficiency of η=6.4%. The evolution of the emission line for different absorbed pump powers around the lasing threshold of the hybrid source is displayed in Fig. 3c, exhibiting a progressive spectral narrowing of the linewidth with increasing pump power from ~1.3 nm (FWHM) just below threshold at 66 μW, to 0.06 nm at absorbed pump powers near and in excess of 119 μW. Furthermore, a significant increase in the emission peak intensity above threshold can be observed, which follows a linear behaviour as shown in Fig. 3b.
Microspheres with larger diameters produced a multi-mode laser emission due to the smaller FSR, ΔλFSR, in between the modes with adjacent l indices. Figure 3d shows a laser-emission spectrum obtained from a microsphere with a diameter of 29.4 μm by pumping at the equatorial zone. The lasing modes in the spectrum appear at wavelengths separated by a distance of 2.4 nm, which is very close to the value of ΔλFSR=2.375 of the hybrid microsphere derived from the equation46
where λL=628.32 nm is the emission wavelength of the first mode, ns=1.47 is the refractive index of the silica microsphere, whereas RH=14.7 μm is the radius of the hybrid sphere, which was assumed to be equal to that of the silica template.
Laser emission by single-exciton and bi-exciton transitions
The modality of the laser emission can also be tuned by varying the coupling conditions and the optical pump power. Hence, evanescent coupling of the pump beam into the resonator away from its equatorial zone results in a multi-mode laser emission as shown in Fig. 4a, where, apart from the laser line at 628.32 nm, a second laser line emerges at lower wavelengths near 592.6 nm. Non-equatorial pumping effectively invalidates the aforementioned conditions for single modality, as it leads to the excitation of a number of modes with different radial and azimuthal numbers, thereby inducing multi-mode lasing. This multi-mode behaviour becomes evident by moving the tapered fibre by a distance of approximately half the width of the tapered fibre (that is of the order of 0.5 μm) away from the equator. Figure 4b shows the output characteristics of the two laser lines, revealing pump power thresholds of 68.5 and 123.3 μW for the low-energy and high-energy transitions, respectively. The data points were obtained by using suitable wavelength cut-off filters to isolate the laser emission of each transition. The dependency of the optical power of the two lines on absorbed pump power in the pre-lasing (linear) regime is displayed in a log–log plot in Fig. 4c. The slope efficiencies of η≈1 and 2 derived suggest a linear and a quadratic dependence for the transitions in the low- and high- energy spectral area, which are typical of single- and bi-excitonic gain mechanisms, respectively. Furthermore, the threshold of the laser emission at 592.6 nm is approximately twice as high as that at 628.32 nm, thereby providing an additional proof of their bi-excitonic and single-excitonic nature of the corresponding transition, respectively.
As an additional verification of the assignment of the laser lines in Fig. 4a to the single-exciton and bi-exciton CdSe transitions, we calculated their energies. To this end, we derived the wavefunctions ψe (electron) and ψh (hole) from the Schrödinger equations by using an iterative process involving the effective mass approximation method, and taking into account the Coulomb interaction (see Methods). Effective mass approximation has emerged over the years as a reliable approach for reproducing the energy spectra of confined excitons in semiconducting nanocrystals, by successfully addressing the problem of choosing the actual electrical potential felt by each carrier in the corresponding Schrödinger equations47,48. In this process, we first sequentially varied the CB offset and the nanorod diameter following the Hartree self-consistent potential approach49 so as to match the single-exciton emission wavelength with that of the experimental line at 628.32 nm. In this process, the nanorod length was maintained fixed at a value of 28 nm, as this parameter has insignificant impact on the confinement effect within the limits of the deviation (±2 nm) from this value associated with the nanocrystal synthesis process. As a result, we obtained very good agreement by assuming an offset value of −0.09 eV and a diameter of 4.34 nm; the energy eigenvalues derived for the electron and the hole with respect to the bottom of the conduction and VBs of CdSe were 0.14876, eV and 0.14349, eV, respectively, thereby suggesting single-exciton lasing at 628.6 nm. Figure 5a displays a schematic of the nanorod along with a band alignment diagram at the heterointerface between its core and shell, indicating the values adopted for the core diameter and the CB offset in our calculations. The calculated wavefunctions are displayed in Fig. 5b, showing spatial separation between the hole and the electron charge densities with the holes remaining confined to the CdSe core and the electrons being delocalized in one dimension over the entire nanostructure. Such carrier distributions are typical of type-II core/shell nanocrystals, and result in very small overlaps 2 of their wavefunctions. Next, we calculated the wavefunction distributions and emission wavelength for the bi-exciton, by adopting the same values for the offset and the nanorod size used for our calculations in the single-exciton regime. Figure 5c shows the calculated wavefunctions, wherein one exciton there is a zero charge density, whereas in the other same-sign charges are spatially well separated. The calculated energy eigenvalues for the pairs of electrons and holes are (0.15162 and 0.15363, eV) and (0.19835 and 0.19835, eV), respectively. These values, which are unique within the size limits of the nanocrystals used in our experiment yield bi-exciton laser emission at 593.3 nm, which is very close to the spectral line observed at 592.6 nm.
To evaluate the potential of the gain medium to produce optical gain by single-exciton states without any involvement of multi-excitons, we have derived the gain threshold ›Nth‹ expressed in terms of the average number of excitons per nanocrystal33:
where Δxx=119 meV represents the spacing between the single- and bi-exciton line at 626.32 nm and at 592.6 nm, respectively, and Γ is the emission linewidth of a single nanocrystal at room temperature.
For the latter, we have adopted an upper value of Γ=65 meV, which was recorded for the emission of a single CdSe/CdS core/shell tetrapod-shaped nanocrystal with an arm-length of 30 nm50 at room temperature. From equation (2), we obtain a value of ›Nth‹=0.675, which is well below the theoretical value of ›Nth‹=1 for bi-exciton gain in homogeneously broadened type-I nanocrystals and very near to that of ideal type-II nanocrystals (›N‹=2/3)33. The latter are associated with considerably larger Δxx values with respect to the transition linewidth, thereby allowing for the elimination of absorption losses and, hence, for optical gain from single-exciton states.
Wavelength-tuneable laser emission
Tuning the emission from spherical microcavities has been realized either by modulating the pump power, thereby exploiting the thermo-optical effect of the active material51, or by using external heating sources52, or with the application of pressure or strain53. Although the tuning ranges achieved with the strain method can even approach the frequency separation between adjacent resonance peaks of the WGMs53, thereby exceeding those obtained by temperature variation, the latter has the attraction of enhanced accuracy of control over the emission wavelength. In this work, the lasing wavelength, λL, was tuned by heating the 9.2-μm large hybrid microsphere with 3.5-μm pulses of 200 fs duration and 80 MHz repetition rate from a tunable femtosecond laser, which were directed onto the microsphere by a microscope objective. The optical power of the infrared laser beam was raised in successive steps, and for each step the wavelength of the pump laser was modulated so as to excite resonant WGMs that were gradually shifted in wavelength due to the temperature elevation. Throughout these experiments, the evanescently coupled power was maintained constant at 100 μW. The laser spectrum was recorded for each pump power setting, indicating a maximum wavelength red shift of 2.1 nm within the available power range of 60 mW (Fig. 6a), which corresponds to ~30% of the FSR at λL.
As at λ=3.5 μm the nanorods are transparent, the observed shift is expected to result from a temperature-induced increase in the size of the absorbing silica microsphere; other contributions originate from changes of the thermo-optic coefficient (dnnc/dT=1 × 10−4 K−1), bandgap energy (ΔEg) and the nanorods size due to a temperature rise induced by heat conduction from the microsphere. The effect of these factors on the tuning range of the lasing wavelength ΔλL can be described by:
where ΔT is the temperature rise in the hybrid microsphere, αs=5.5 × 10−7 K−1 and αnc=4.5 × 10−6 K−1 are the thermal expansion coefficients of silica and the nanorods, respectively, and Δλbg represents the wavelength shift resulting from ΔEg. For αnc and dnnc/dT, we adopted the values of the bulk CdS crystal.
To investigate the consistency of the experimentally obtained tuning range, we estimated ΔT and Δλbg, and subsequently calculated ΔλL from equation (3). To derive an analytical expression for ΔT, we assumed that the impact of the thin nanorod layer on the temperature of the laser-heated silica sphere is negligible, meaning that they both have effectively the same temperature (see Methods). The microcavity can be therefore considered as a solid consisting of a single material (silica), which is heated by a focused laser beam in the surrounding air. As the latter is transparent at the illumination wavelength, it is expected to reduce the temperature of the hybrid microsphere. Following an approach used to address a similar problem54 based on solving the heat equation, we derived by adopting appropriate boundary conditions (see Methods) for ΔT the expression:
where κα=2.6 × 10−2 mW m−1 K−1 and κs=1.38 × 10−3 mW m−1 K−1 are the thermal conductivities of the air and silica, respectively, Po is the illumination laser power and is the heat transferred from the sphere to the air. The term Pabs=0.65 represents the optical power fraction absorbed by the silica, with Rfr being the Fresnel reflection at the air/nanorods and nanorods/silica interfaces given by:
with nα=1 being the refractive index of the air. In calculating ΔT in equation (4), one has to consider that due to the Gaussian beam profile and the spherical shape of the microcavity, parts of the beam impinging on the sphere at angles that deviate considerably from the normal experience high reflections and, therefore, have a negligible contribution to ΔT. As a satisfactory approximation, we assumed that only the optical power included within the FWHM of the beam, that is 50% of the total power, contributes effectively to the temperature elevation. To account for this effect, we introduced the term Pg=0.5 in equation (4), which then yields for the maximum available infrared-laser power of 60 mW a value of ΔT=32.7 K. Returning to equation (3), we calculated Δλbg from the expression
where the wavelength that corresponds to the bandgap energy λbg is set equal to λL. For the calculated temperature increase of ΔT=32.7 K, ΔEg can be derived from
with β=216 K, α=1.8 × 10−4 eV/K and Eg(0)= 2.13 eV being correspondingly the Debye temperature, a temperature constant and the bandgap at 0 K.
Figure 6b shows the calculated effect of each of the four individual parameters and their combined impact on Δλ together with the experimentally obtained wavelength shifts. The latter are smaller than the calculated ones, arguably because of a weaker absorption of the heating beam from the microsphere than that assumed and/or an imperfect alignment of the infrared-laser beam with respect to the microsphere, meaning that in reality the ΔT induced was about 28 K, as it can be derived from equation (4). It is worth noting that for ΔT=32.7 K, the increase in the nanorod size would not exceed 0.01 nm, which precludes any contribution to the laser wavelength shift from a change of the quantum confinement energy.
We have demonstrated single-mode laser emission on the single-exciton recombination transition in core/shell nanorods with a type-II band offset. The simplicity of the wet-chemical synthesis of the nanorods in combination with the high Q-factors of the spherical silica resonators and the efficiency of the fibre-coupling approach for optical pumping make such hybrid systems excellent candidates for studies of the lasing properties of novel gain media and cavity quantum electrodynamic effects. In addition to the single-excitonic nature of the laser emission, other laser-operating characteristics, such as its single-mode emission, which is associated with low levels of noise, and the ultra-low lasing thresholds that were obtained (thanks to the larger dipole oscillation strength of the antenna-designed nanocrystals), are appealing for quantum information processing. Furthermore, the ability to tune the emission wavelength of these WGM microlasers in the visible spectral range is interesting for applications related to biosensing. Considering the inherent potential of colloidal nanocrystals for hybrid integration onto a wide range of platforms and optical resonators, one could envisage the use of optically or even electrically pumped single-exciton lasers based on specialist nanocrystal designs for integrated photonic, lab-on-a-chip and optical interconnect applications. Advances in the development of colloidal nanocrystalline gain media like the recent demonstration of nearly temperature-insensitive threshold for amplified spontaneous emission from CdSe/CdS quantum core/shell (dot/rod) structures55 can pave the way for the realization of such miniature integrated sources.
Fabrication of silica fibre-optical devices
Coupling of pump light to the circumference of microsphere resonators can be realized either with free-space optics or by evanescent wave coupling with the use of channel waveguides in integrated optics configurations, prisms, side-polished fibre couplers and tapered fibres45. We adopted the latter method for our experiments and used tapers fabricated by the flame-brushing technique56, which involves heating of a section of the fibre with a 'Ω'-shaped resistive microheater operated at a temperature of ~1,400 °C. The microheater was scanned along the fibre section, while at the same time the two fibre ends were pulled in opposite directions by a pair of computer-controlled translation stages of submicron precision. This method can produce taper transitions of well-defined length and shape, and extremely uniform waists, with submicron diameters by controlling the heating and stretching speed. The tapers used had adiabatic transitions to preserve the low propagation loss inherent to the fundamental fibre mode.
The microspheres were produced by thermal processing of a fibre taper (stem) by a CO2 laser beam. Tapers enabled fabrication of microspheres with diameters considerably smaller than the fibre outer diameter, and were drawn from standard telecom silica fibres (outer diameter=125 μm) following the process described in the previous paragraph. The uniform waist-tapered region formed was cut in its centre and then one of the taper ends was heated by the CO2 laser beam to a temperature in excess of 1,000 °C, causing it to reflow and mould into a spherical-shaped structure due to surface tension. Thanks to the high viscosity of the silica glass, the reflowed structure was highly spherical and extremely uniform, with intrinsically very low surface roughness and, hence, very low scattering loss. After the fabrication process had been completed, they remained attached to their stems, which did not affect the optical modes near the equatorial plane that were excited to produce laser emission.
The fibre tips were manufactured using a commercial micropipette puller, in which the heating source was a CO2 laser, and the pulling process was controlled by a microprocessor. The device enabled fabrication of tips with tapered transition lengths between 1 and 2 mm, and a diameter as small as 40 nm, from fibres with an outer diameter of 125 μm. The taper angle of the tip was designed to be small enough to adiabatically convert the fundamental mode in the fibre core into a fundamental mode guided by the cladding/air interface allowing for transmissions larger than 98%.
Calculation of laser energies for the single-exciton and bi-exciton transitions
In the single-exciton case, the carrier wavefunctions were calculated from the Schrödinger equations:
where ħ is the reduced Plank constant, and are the effective masses of the electron and hole, respectively, which are material dependent ( and for the CdSe core, and and 57,58 for the CdS shell), qe, Ee, qh and Eh are the charges and energy eigenvalues of the electrons and the holes, whereas Vcb and Vvb are the potentials of the CB and VB, respectively. Finally, in equations (8) and (9), φe, and φh represent the electric potentials of the electron and hole, respectively, which account for the Coulombic electron–hole interaction and were calculated from the Poisson equations:
here, ρe and ρh stand for the electron and hole distributions in the nanorod, respectively, whereas ε and εo represent the relative permittivity and the vacuum permittivity, respectively, given by:
we note that contributions of the CB and VB to the hole and electron wave-functions, ψh and ψe, respectively, were neglected, as CdSe and CdS are wide bandgap semiconductors. The wavefunctions were solved iteratively using a finite element method with sequential variation of the nanorod diameter and the energy offset of the CBs, as well as optimization of φe, and φh following the Hartree self-consistent potential approach, to match the single-exciton emission line. For the single exciton, we started by setting in the Schrodinger equation (8) the initial potential to zero on the basis of which ψe was calculated and introduced into the Poisson equation (10). From the latter, the potential generated by the electron was computed and the value derived was introduced into the Schrodinger equation (9) to calculate the ψh. The resulting wavefunction was in turn introduced into the Poisson equation (11) to obtain the potential generated by the hole. The derived potential was introduced into the Schrodinger equation (8), which was solved to obtain a new expression for ψe. This procedure was continued until further iterations left unaltered the carriers' wavefunctions and potentials. In this case, self-consistency was achieved and the derived values were taken as the actual wavefunctions and potentials, respectively. We stress that although the zero potential chosen to initiate the calculation process may give the impression that the electron–hole interaction was not taken into account, the final carrier potentials were indeed introduced in the calculation through the iteration process followed, providing optimal description of the specific quantum system.
The Schrödinger equations used for the bi-exciton are essentially similar to those described above, with the only difference being that the electric potentials generated by all the carriers (that is, the two electrons φe1 and φe2, and the two holes φh1 and φh2) were considered:
The electric potentials in the above equations were derived by the Poisson equations:
with ρe1, ρe2 and ρh1, ρh2 being the electron and hole distributions in the nanorod, respectively, that can be derived from:
To solve the system of equations (14, 15, 16, 17), we followed a similar iteration process with one implemented for the calculation of the single-exciton laser emission. Hence, we assumed zero potentials for the two holes and the second electron to calculate the wavefunction ψe1 from the Schrodinger equation (14). The resulting wavefunction was then introduced in equation (22) to obtain the distribution ρe1, which was in turn introduced in the corresponding Poisson equation (18) to derive the potential φe1. This process was repeated for the other carriers and iterated for each of them until the potentials and wavefunctions produced remained unchanged with further iteration. We emphasize that first the core size and CB offset values used in the bi-exciton-related calculations were the ones utilized to reproduce the laser single-exciton laser emission and, second, the calculations yielded a unique value for the bi-exciton lasing wavelength. The calculations were carried out using the Matlab and Comsol software packages with the latter providing the finite element method to solve the Schrodinger and Poisson equations.
Calculation of the temperature rise in the hybrid microsphere
An analytical expression for the laser-induced temperature of the hybrid microsphere, which also accounts for the reduction caused by the ambient medium (air), was derived for a fixed, Gaussian-shaped laser beam that was exclusively absorbed by the solid sphere and not by the ambient medium54. For this purpose, we solved the heat equation:
where D is the thermal diffusivity and I=Io·(1−R)·exp(−r2/w2) is the intensity of the irradiating Gaussian infrared beam with a radius w. The following boundary conditions were applied:
(a) The balance of energy fluxes at the interface R=RH:
(b) The continuity of temperature at the interface R=RH:
with Tα and Ts being the temperature in the ambient medium and the miscrosphere, respectively.
(c) The temperature rise at infinity shall vanish:
In the following, we demonstrate the validity of our assumption that the impact of the thin layer of nanocrystals on the temperature of the laser-heated silica sphere is negligible and that both media have effectively the same temperature. For this purpose, we consider the heat transported from the sphere given by:
where, h=4 nm is the coating thickness and κs=1.38 × 10−3 mW m−1 K−1 is the thermal conductivity of silica. The infrared laser beam radius can be approximated as being equal to the microsphere radius, w=RH=4.6 μm. From equation (30), it can be then derived that the relative change in the surface temperature caused by the nanorod coating is:
where κn=2 × 10−2 mW m−1 K−1 is the thermal conductivity of the nanorods, for which we assumed to be equal to the corresponding value of the bulk CdS crystal. As κn is an order of magnitude higher than κs, it becomes clear that the reduction of the temperature of the microsphere due to the heat transport to the nanocrystal layer is insignificant.
Finally, with regard to the term in equation (4), which represents the heat transported from the sphere to the air, the ratio κα/κs was derived by considering that the heat originating from the hybrid sphere is shared with the air, implying that the fluxes from the sphere (Js) and the air (Ja) should satisfy the equation:
where I is the intensity of the infrared light.
Additional information
How to cite this article: Grivas, C. et al. Single-mode tunable laser emission in the single-exciton regime from colloidal nanocrystals. Nat. Commun. 4:2376 doi: 10.1038/ncomms3376 (2013).
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P.W. is funded by the Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology, co-funded by the Marie-Curie Actions under FP7. G.B. acknowledges the Royal Society (London) for his university research fellowship. P.L. acknowledges support from the FP7 ITN-ICARUS and the Network of Excellence N4E. L.M. acknowledges support from the FP7 ERC starting grant NANO-ARCH (contract number 240111). We thank Marco Zanella and Iwan Moreels for their help with the synthesis of the nanocrystals and many helpful discussions, respectively.
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text: On Mon, Jul 16, 2007 at 12:23:46PM +0200, Marc Espie wrote: > I was wondering if some people have played with various RDBMs, and what > they think of them. > > Initially, not knowing very much, I came to DBIx::Class. I still follow > the list and look at it, but I am currently exploring Rose::DB::Object. > > The plusses for me: > - it appears to be faster; > - the organization is somewhat saner. I *like* the explicit separation between > metadata, column stuff and search objects. DBIx::Class has at least the same separation here as RDBO, I'm not sure I understand what you mean. > There are `clean' subclassing entries; it looks simpler to extend. Simpler to extend but much harder to extend interestingly; it sacrifices quite a lot of possibilities here for speed. How many independent RDBO extensions do you see on the CPAN? :) > - it appears to fully support many-to-many relationships (after trying > searches with DBIx::Class). Define 'fully support'. > I haven't explored Gantry stuff, nor the original Class::DBI... Gantry recommends DBIx::Class these days. The Class::DBI::Sweet extension they use was a collaboration between a couple of the Cat team and I, and was largely what made us give up on CDBI and start this project. -- Matt S Trout Need help with your Catalyst or DBIx::Class project? Technical Director Want a managed development or deployment platform? Shadowcat Systems Ltd. Contact mst (at) shadowcatsystems.co.uk for a quote http://chainsawblues.vox.com/ http://www.shadowcatsystems.co.uk/


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Sons of Anarchy (TV Series)
Papa's Goods (2014)
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Jackson 'Jax' Teller: My ol' man tried to sever that tie 20 years ago.
[Big smile]
Jackson 'Jax' Teller: Better late than never.
Ratboy: Taddarius. Come on in.
T.O. Cross: Unless I came out of your goddamn womb, don't ever call me that. You dig... little indie biker boy?
Filip 'Chibs' Telford: [after the club killed the Irishman who wanted Connor Malone dead] I think the words you're lookin' for, Con, are thank you very much.
Connor Malone: [Realizes he has nowhere else to go and must work with the club] Okay. I'll make this work.
Filip 'Chibs' Telford: *And*...
Connor Malone: [sighs] Thank you.


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If you like the content on this site, consider purchasing the book by the author who wrote it. Now available in paperback & digital editions. Read it for free with Kindle Unlimited. PLEASE NOTE: This site's content has not been updated to match the edited, revised, or rewritten versions of the book.
~ • ~
Ways to find encouragement series:
- Train (or re-train) your brain
- Positive thinking
- Goal setting
- Write down your goals
- Manage your time better
- Lighten your load
- Focus on solutions
- Focus on the present
- Don't be afraid of mistakes
- Believe it to achieve it
- Take it easy on yourself
- Make the best of what you have
Don't be afraid of mistakes.
No one gets through life without making mistakes. Only some people make a bigger deal/show out of them than others. Some of the most successful people in the world fail all the time, but they don't sit around announcing it to everyone. Instead, they simply learn from it and move on.
When you treat your mistakes like learning experiences, you turn what some people consider to be a negative thing into a positive one. And that's encouraging.
- The most successful people in the world
- Offsite: The brick walls are there for a reason
- Believing in yourself
- What I've learned about determination & commitment
No ads • No sponsors • No seminars • No "secrets to success" • No mystical motivation • No insincere enthusiasm • No superficial ego-boosting posts • No manipulative marketing tactics • No emphasis on materialism over happiness • No desire to imitate anyone or conform to the status quo • No insistent requests to subscribe to blog or follow on social media • No hidden agenda • No one to impress. • No hypocrisy -- I live in congruence with the lessons I share. Love it or hate it. Content is written to be helpful and meaningful, not perfect or popular or designed for likes.


text:
Lanao del Norte, It really is funds is Tubod. Lanao del Norte is subdivided into 22 municipalities. Iligan Town, although customarily grouped Using the province, administers by itself independently for a extremely urbanized metropolis.
From Hinatuan, we rode the habal-habal to Tinuy-An Falls in Bislig. It absolutely was a two-hour painful trip Specifically that we're bouncing up and down due to the rough street.
Two, it seems in several shades: aquamarine in the shallow locations, blue in the slightly further parts, and darkish blue in the actual deep sections. And three, a college of big fish surface area every single twelve midday and three p.m.—equally as a soft hymn recording is played—to feed and forage for an hour. For many of the working day, on the other hand, They are really nowhere in sight.
Siargao, a little and unassuming island from the coast of Surigao del Norte, is one of Mindanao's prized Locations. Famed for its surfing spot named "Cloud 9", the island is progressively getting to be common to regional and international tourists, surfers and non-surfers alike.
Renting a boat – locate a bigger group and rent a boat with each other. The more the merrier and it's more affordable.
Distances are dependant on the centre of the city/city and sightseeing location. This checklist is made up of brief abstracts about monuments, holiday break pursuits, countrywide parcs, museums, organisations plus much more from the world in addition to exciting details with regards to the location itself. In which accessible, you will find the corresponding homepage. If not the related wikipedia write-up.
Surf's up! It's time to trip the waves of Siargao. This somewhat unknown island is quickly starting to be among the "aspiration Places" in the Philippines. Travelers are welcomed by obvious waters, white sand beaches and magnificent sceneries.
Just can't enable but tumble in adore with Britania. I don't even get at how this spot is just not that preferred? I imply, just seeking back again to our shots…. I have certainly fallen in really like using this type of place. Fave spot from our complete vacation!
The island's condition is similar into a tear drop which is surrounded by reefs and amazing white sand shorelines.
Go spelunking in Crystal Cave. You'll find volunteer guides about, tipping is recommended. Entrance charge incorporates the helmet and flashlight. There's a briefing about do's and dont's ahead of the spelunking commences.
Supplied the extremely limited time, that's three several hours, chances are you are about to speculate which island to go to first or to spend the majority of your time and effort at. The answer is: it is dependent upon your preference. If swimming is your priority, I'd say, you devote a lot more time (at the least half an hour) in Hagonoy or Bare Island as being the water and sand are more stunning there.
Way Philippines has this offer at a really sensible rate. Package deal inclusions: all entrance and environmental expenses, breakfast, van rental and guide, and boat fee for island hopping
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It's six decades of celebrating cinema like no other. Created at the 1959 Cannes International Film Festival, the Marché du Film has successfully completed 60 years. It is now the indispensable venue for negotiations about most productions distributed in theatres, on television, at festivals or on internet platforms.
At that time, it started out in an informal, low-key way. There were a few dozen participants and one projection room made of wood and canvas on the roof of the old Palais, on the Croisette which held about twenty people. But it created an immediate buzz. Many producers, distributers and exporters met through the sale and acquisition of rights and productions. Cinemas on the Rue d'Antibes were hired for the occasion. By the late 1950s, the newspapers reported: "The Festival de Cannes begins this week. As much business will be done there as in six months of normal professional life in Paris."
Bolstered by its success, the "Marché International du Film" was officially integrated into the Festival de Cannes on May 10, 1961. This worried those who were keen to preserve the glamour of the red carpet: "Cannes is committing suicide. It is doomed in its current format. In another two or three years, it will be no more than a film market," they said. However this economical approach opened new development horizons for the Festival. Very soon it was apparent there were strong connections with the industry, that their fates and their future exploits were closely linked. They continue to be so today: the Marché du Film often shows itself to be the adventurous side of the Festival.
On the eve of this 60th anniversary, the Marché du Film has confirmed its leading position, having already announced figures which are strongly up on last year: 7,600 participants registered to date, compared to 6,158 at the same date in 2018, which is an increase of 23% in registrations. These are particularly encouraging figures in the light of the results of the international markets so far this year.
In 2018, of the 40,000 accredited professionals who converged on the Croisette, more than 12,400 attended 1,500 screenings of 3,000 films presented in 33 theatres in five different locations, including the cinemas on the Rue d'Antibes.
The Cannes Marché du Film is open to film professionals from Tuesday, May 14 to Thursday, May 23. The 72nd Festival de Cannes will take place from Tuesday 14 to Saturday 25 May. The opening film is The Dead Don't Die by Jim Jarmusch. The Jury will be led by the Mexican filmmaker Alejandro Gonzáles Iñárritu.
Indian Cinema's Steady Rise on Global Stage
Glimpses of the future
IFFI Marching Towards 50th Edition
India – Revolution Over The Top
Cannes or Netflix? Is Netflix an acceptable remediation for Cannes' decades-long little regard for Indian Cinema?
Play Small & Live Long Did Wonders for Me
Hotstar makes world record: 5.5 million simultaneous viewers
Redefining Eros With Innovation
Weaving Magic with Music
Creating Mutually Beneficial Synergies
2018 Toronto Film Fest LineUp
Jeffrey Katzenberg's NewTV Bets High on Mobile-Video Segment


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Perfect for all your special occasions this season, the Edie dress from Phase Eight radiates feminine charm.Crafted from a crisp cotton blend and fully lined for comfort, it's shaped in a structured prom silhouette with contoured seams for the most flattering fit. The sleeveless bodice features a round neckline to the front that extends to alluring cut-out to the reverse.Falling to a demure knee-length, this dress is cast with a striking painterly print for a pretty finish. Team with barely there heels and a clutch for a stunning occasion look.Shoulder neck point to hem length: 104cm
- Brand
- Phase Eight
- Dress Shape
- Flared
- Length
- Midi
- Material
- 53% Polyester, 47% Cotton. Lining: 100% Acetate
- Model Details
- 175cm and wears a size 10
- Neckline
- Round Neck
- Pattern
- Floral
- Sleeve
- Sleeveless
- Washing Instructions
- Dry clean
Write Your Own Review
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Armstrong Laminate Flooring is a resilient floor designed to look just like hardwood or stone, but with a long-lasting durability that makes it ideal for the busiest homes, or main street businesses. Armstrong Laminate is made up of four distinct layers, which work together to withstand the everyday challenges of active families and heavy foot traffic, so your floors look newer longer.
Choosing an Armstrong laminate floor that fits perfectly with the creative vision you have for your home. Armstrong makes it easy with lots of stylish options. Here are a few of the key looks and design features you'll encounter as you begin to browse.
Realistic Hardwood, Stone and Custom LooksArmstrong has created every laminate style with a high attention to detail and authenticity. Color variations, distinctive grain, textures, edge treatments and gloss are selected to reflect the true beauty of the natural material that inspired the design.
Hardwood looks range from traditional smooth styles and exotic patterned species to weathered, rustic, hand-scraped and reclaimed textured timber. Choose from a wide range of colors with high sheen and matte gloss options.
Stone looks capture the rugged but refined texture of natural slate tiles, the gorgeous color variation of Spanish stone pavers or the smooth elegance of tumbled stone blocks. Available in a variety of colors.
Custom designer looks embrace the unexpected, blending woods, metals and weathered concrete to create unique styles you won't find in nature, but that look naturally beautiful.
Authentic Texture Armstrong uses many types of embossing techniques to create surface textures that perfectly complement each design. Most wood look planks are at least 4" wide, with many available in on-trend extra wide-widths over 7" or mixed-width styles. Stone-look tiles range between 12" and 15", though you can find some looks with multiple sizes and shapes that are randomly placed.
Scratch, Stain and Dent ResistanceAll Armstrong Laminate Floors feature the VisionGuard wear layer, a hardened surface that helps protect against scratches, surface spills, stains, fading, scrapes and wear — and makes cleaning stress free. Since this layer is also rigid, it offers some level of impact resistance so denting is less likely on laminate than on other floors.
Best Residential WarrantiesArmstrong Laminate Floors carry the industry's best residential warranties, ranging from 20 years to a lifetime. Many collections are even tough enough to be warranted for use in light commercial spaces.
What are people saying about Armstrong Laminate Flooring
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Gold River Carpet One
JSS Carpet One Floor & Home
Pacific Decorating Carpet One Floor & Home
Rocklin Carpet One Floor & Home
Roseville Carpet One Floor & Home
San Diego Carpet One Floor & Home
Sarkissian Carpet One Floor & Home
Tuttles Carpet One Floor & Home
Upland Carpet One Floor & Home
Valley Carpet One Floor & Home
Master's Lumber & Hardware
Orlando's Custom Wood Floors
Hughes Floor Covering
Doral Hardwood Floors
Flamingo Flooring
Novateck Floor Corp.
Wholesale Flooring Company
Floor Specialists Of Wellington
Premium Design Flooring
New Heritage Wood Floors
Flor Source
Flooring United
Dycus Flooring & Removal LLC
Patrick's Flooring Showcase
Crimson Carpet & Flooring
Daniel Flooring
Georgia Carpet Mills
Preston Thompson's Carpet Shoppe
Balboa Flooring
M J Flooring Center & Design
Carpet Tech
Cyndi's Carpet Inc
Emo Flooring Company
Northeast Flooring America
Eheart Interior Solutions
Imboden Carpet & Interiors
Floors of Iowa
Integrity Flooring
RJ's Carpet & Tile Inc
Floors To Go
Prosource Of Birmingham
Floor Fashions & Decorating
Flooring America - Montgomery
Prattville Carpet Interior
Stallworth Carpet
American Carpets Of Gulf Shores
TS Wall & Sons Inc
Wade Distributors Inc
Atmore Carpet Service
Floor Source & Interiors
Floor Depot
Carpet Store
Floor Talk
Main Street Flooring
Harris Carpet & Floor Company
Rustic Building Supply Co Inc
Dunn-Benson Flooring
Signature Flooring
Graham Floor & Wall Covering
Prosource Of Raleigh
Brentwood Carpets
Southeastern Interiors
The Paint Store & Interiors
Sauls & Co Floor Fashions
High Standard Flooring
M & M Flooring
Crown Flooring LLC
Baker Brothers Area Rugs & Flooring
Carpets Plus Color Tile Of Mesa
Arizona Wholesale Supply
Meridian Flooring
Arizona Floors LLC
Scott's Custom Flooring
American Interiors
Long Island Paneling Ceilings & Floors
Fox Floors
Floral Park Design Center Ltd
Fenway Floor Covering Corp
Hardwood Of Bellmore
Leader Carpet Sales Ltd
Kennedy Floor Covering Inc
Discount Country Inc
Avalon Carpet Tile & Flooring
Design Floors
ProSource Of Stamford
Westwood Flooring
A-1 Carpet Co & Design Works
Admiral Carpet Specialist
Imperial Flooring
Aronson's Floor Covering Inc
New York Hardwood Floors
Gregory Supply Co Inc
Euro Design Kitchen Supply
America-East Flooring
Nationwide Carpet & Rugs
General Floors Industries Inc
Kluger & Son Floor Covering
J Rossi & Co Inc
B & S Floors
Family Tile Of New York
Expert Flooring
Verona Carpet Shop
Union Carpet Exchange
Anthony's World Of Floors
Best Carpet & Floors
Laguna Flooring Company
Newport Carpet & Tile
B & B Mill Sales LLC
Blaines Quality Carpet
Best Floor Covering
Carpet & Flooring Discounter
El Dorado Floorcovering
Coles Fine Flooring
Kitchen Floor Store
Carpet Gallery
G Fried Carpet & Design Center
Ceramic Harmony Designs
Beckerle Lumber Supply Company
Country Carpet & Rug
Father Sons & Daughters Floor Covering
Allure Carpet & Floor
CarpetsPlus ColorTile of New York
Artistic Floors
American Carpet East
Art Linoleum & Carpet Co
Best Cut Carpets
Classic Carpet Of Lake Grove Inc
D & G Flooring
Casual Carpets
America's Finest Carpet
Payless Carpet & Flooring
First Choice Abbey Carpet
K J & M Carpet Co Inc
Miron's For Floors
Floor Source
Floormaster Carpet One Floor & Home
Friends Lumber
Kingsboro Lumber
Carpets & Then Some
Four Star Flooring
Long Island Carpet Connection
Cappys Carpets Inc
Bob's Carpet Mart
Brandon Tile & Interiors
Iskalis Interiors
Floors & More / Marvins Carpets
Unique Floor Covering & Remodeling
A & I Flooring
Christian's Carpets & Fine Flooring
American Flooring Okemos
3d Floor Designs Inc
Flor Haus
Flooring Concepts Inc
Elco Floor Coverings
Custom Home Interiors
Select Carpet & Floors
Carpets Direct
Redlands Floorhouse
AT Frank Company Inc
Houston Flooring Center
Shaw's Carpets Inc
Atlas Carpet Center
Acme Floors Inc
S&B Flooring and Tile Inc
Zivney Hardwood
CarpetsPlus Color Tile
Total Floor Solutions
Kenny Fuselier & Company
West Coast Flooring
KB Carpet & Tile
O'Neill Flooring Solutions
Associated Carpet
Danny's Village Flooring
Floorz Plus LLC
United Flooring LLC
Henson Flooring Inc
Southwest Florida Floors
Inspired Floors
SRG Flooring
MK Interiors LLC
Hugo Floor Covering
Coastal Floors
2500 Columbia AveLancaster PA 17604
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text:
http://test.dcpremiumls.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/logo-1-1.png 0 0 management http://test.dcpremiumls.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/logo-1-1.png management2019-06-05 20:48:042019-06-05 21:06:17Tribute to John Clune
We are profoundly saddened at the death of John Clune, a former colleague at Drum Cussac. John passed away in the United Kingdom on 5 June 2019.
John was Director of Operation at Drum Cussac, responsible for the Nigeria Operations. A professional to the core and highly supportive. He made particularly valuable contributions.
John was a wonderful colleague who understood the meaning of the word "team." He was always more focused on the good of the company and his colleagues than on his own benefit. His work will not soon be forgotten.
From all of us at DC Premium Logistic and Solutions Limited (DCPL).