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Posts for category: Oral Health
Even with a good oral hygiene routine and preventive dental care, teeth can still become dull and discolored over time due to a number of factors that include everything from your diet and lifestyle down to your genetics and the natural aging process itself. Fortunately, professional teeth whitening treatments can pick up where nature leaves off and whiten your teeth by several shades in as little as a single appointment. Dr. Temiko Braswell, your dentist in Perry, GA, offers a range of cosmetic and general dentistry services to improve your smile and oral health, including professional teeth whitening. Read on to learn more!
Professional Teeth Whitening from our Perry, GA, Office
You don't have to be a celebrity or high profile public figure to want (or need) a whiter, more vibrant smile. Not only does your smile affect your confidence and self-esteem, but it can also influence how you're perceived by others in professional and social settings. Whiter teeth have even been found to make people look younger, so if you're looking to shave a few years off of your appearance, a professional teeth whitening treatment is a great place to start!
How Professional Teeth Whitening Treatments Can Help
As we age, the enamel layer that protects the surface of the teeth naturally begins to get thinner, making teeth more vulnerable to staining from things like diet and smoking (the biggest culprits of dental stains and discolorations).
A professional treatment can whiten your teeth by up to eight shades (results vary on an individual basis), while also protecting you from harsh and abrasive ingredients that might otherwise harm your enamel and make staining more likely.
Interested? Give Us a Call!
A beautiful, confident smile starts with brighter, whiter teeth. For more information about professional teeth whitening treatments, contact Braswell Family Dentistry's Perry Office by calling 478-988-3200 to schedule an appointment with Dr. Braswell today!
Occurrences of obesity and Type 2 diabetes have soared in the last few decades. While there are a number of influencing factors, health officials place most of the blame on one of our favorite foods: sugar. Only a generation ago we were consuming an annual average of 4 pounds per person. Now, it's nearly 90 pounds.
We've long known that sugar, a favorite food not only for humans but also oral bacteria, contributes to dental disease. But we now have even more to concern us—the effect of increased sugar consumption on health in general.
It's time we took steps to rein in our favorite carbohydrate. Easier said than done, of course—not only is it hard to resist, it's also hard to avoid. With its steady addition over the years to more and more processed foods, nearly 77% of the products on grocery store shelves contain some form of sugar.
Here's what you can do, though, to reduce sugar in your diet and take better care of your dental and general health.
Be alert to added sugar in processed foods. To make wiser food choices, become familiar with the U.S.-mandated ingredient listing on food product packaging—it tells if any sugar has been added and how much. You should also become acquainted with sugar's many names like "sucrose" or "high fructose corn syrup," and marketing claims like "low fat" that may mean the producer has added sugar to improve taste.
Avoid sodas and other prepared beverages. Some of the highest sources for added sugar are sodas, sports drinks, teas or juice. You may be surprised to learn you could consume your recommended daily amount of sugar in one can of soda. Substitute sugary beverages with unsweetened drinks or water.
Exercise your body—and your voice. Physical activity, even the slightest amount, helps your body metabolize the sugar you consume. And speaking of activity, exercise your right to have your voice heard by your elected officials in support of policy changes toward less sugar additives in food products.
Becoming an informed buyer, disciplined consumer and proactive citizen are the most important ingredients for stopping this destructive health epidemic. Your teeth—and the rest of your body—will thank you.
If you would like more information on the effects of sugar on dental and general health, please contact us or schedule an appointment for a consultation. You can also learn more about this topic by reading the Dear Doctor magazine article "The Bitter Truth About Sugar."
Some people are lucky — they never seem to have a mishap, dental or otherwise. But for the rest of us, accidents just happen sometimes. Take actor Jamie Foxx, for example. A few years ago, he actually had a dentist intentionally chip one of his teeth so he could portray a homeless man more realistically. But recently, he got a chipped tooth in the more conventional way… well, conventional in Hollywood, anyway. It happened while he was shooting the movie Sleepless with co-star Michelle Monaghan.
"Yeah, we were doing a scene and somehow the action cue got thrown off or I wasn't looking," he told an interviewer. "But boom! She comes down the pike. And I could tell because all this right here [my teeth] are fake. So as soon as that hit, I could taste the little chalkiness, but we kept rolling." Ouch! So what's the best way to repair a chipped tooth? The answer it: it all depends…
For natural teeth that have only a small chip or minor crack, cosmetic bonding is a quick and relatively easy solution. In this procedure, a tooth-colored composite resin, made of a plastic matrix with inorganic glass fillers, is applied directly to the tooth's surface and then hardened or "cured" by a special light. Bonding offers a good color match, but isn't recommended if a large portion of the tooth structure is missing. It's also less permanent than other types of restoration, but may last up to 10 years.
When more of the tooth is missing, a crown or dental veneer may be a better answer. Veneers are super strong, wafer-thin coverings that are placed over the entire front surface of the tooth. They are made in a lab from a model of your teeth, and applied in a separate procedure that may involve removal of some natural tooth material. They can cover moderate chips or cracks, and even correct problems with tooth color or spacing.
A crown is the next step up: It's a replacement for the entire visible portion of the tooth, and may be needed when there's extensive damage. Like veneers, crowns (or caps) are made from models of your bite, and require more than one office visit to place; sometimes a root canal may also be needed to save the natural tooth. However, crowns are strong, natural looking, and can last many years.
But what about teeth like Jamie's, which have already been restored? That's a little more complicated than repairing a natural tooth. If the chip is small, it may be possible to smooth it off with standard dental tools. Sometimes, bonding material can be applied, but it may not bond as well with a restoration as it will with a natural tooth; plus, the repaired restoration may not last as long as it should. That's why, in many cases, we will advise that the entire restoration be replaced — it's often the most predictable and long-lasting solution.
Oh, and one more piece of advice: Get a custom-made mouthguard — and use it! This relatively inexpensive device, made in our office from a model of your own teeth, can save you from a serious mishap… whether you're doing Hollywood action scenes, playing sports or just riding a bike. It's the best way to protect your smile from whatever's coming at it!
If you have questions about repairing chipped teeth, please contact us or schedule an appointment for a consultation. You can also learn more by reading the Dear Doctor magazine articles "Artistic Repair of Chipped Teeth With Composite Resin" and "Porcelain Veneers."
Tooth decay and developing bite problems could be major obstacles to your child's normal growth and development. Without good, preventive dental care at home and from the dentist, these obstacles could impact their health now and well into adulthood.
Here are 3 things you should do to help your child stay ahead of harmful dental problems.
Start daily hygiene early. To protect your child from tooth decay, you should begin cleaning their teeth and gums early, even before teeth appear. For your first hygiene efforts use a clean wet cloth to wipe their gums after feeding to reduce bacterial growth in the mouth. After teeth begin to erupt start brushing them with a fluoride toothpaste—a slight smear for infants and up to a pea-sized amount when they get older.
Keep sugar to a minimum. The bacteria that causes tooth decay thrive on sugar. To minimize bacterial growth, keep your child's sugar intake to a minimum by providing dental-friendly snacks and foods. Also, try to limit any sugar they eat to mealtimes rather than with snacking through the day. And avoid sending them to bed with a bottle filled with a sugary liquid (including formula and breastmilk).
Begin dental visits around age one. Dentists and pediatricians recommend regular dental visits for children starting around their first birthday. This increases the chances of detecting disease or bite problems early before too much damage occurs. Your dentist can also provide preventive measures like sealants or topical fluoride to reduce the risks of tooth decay. And early visits lessen the chance of your child developing dental visit anxiety, a phobia that could continue into adulthood.
If you would like more information on protecting your child's dental health, please contact us or schedule an appointment for a consultation.
April brings the perfect weather to get outside and play. Fittingly, April is also National Facial Protection Month. Whether you prefer softball or basketball, skateboarding or ultimate frisbee, don't forget your most important piece of equipment: a mouthguard to protect your face and your smile!
In an instant, a blow to the mouth can cause a dental injury that is painful to endure and expensive to treat. In just about any sporting activity, your mouth could come into contact with a piece of equipment, another person or the ground. That's why the American Dental Association and the Academy for Sports Dentistry recommend using a mouthguard when participating in any of over 30 activities, including some that aren't typically considered contact sports, like volleyball and bike riding.
Common sense, observation and scientific research support the use of mouthguards during sporting activities—but are the ones you get from your dentist really any better than the kind you can grab off the shelf at a sporting goods store or drugstore? The answer is yes!
In a 2018 experiment, researchers created a model of the human head to test how direct impact affects the teeth, jaws and skull. They compared the effects of impact when using no mouthguard, when using a custom-made mouthguard available from the dentist, and when using a stock mouthguard. They also tested mouthguards of different thicknesses. The results? The experimenters determined that any mouthguard is better than no mouthguard and that custom mouthguards available from the dental office are more effective than off-the-shelf mouthguards in protecting teeth, jaws and skull from impact. They also found that the thicker the mouthguard, the better the protection.
Although custom mouthguards are more expensive than the kind you can buy at the corner store, the difference in protection, durability, comfort and fit is well worth the investment. We consider your (or your child's) individual needs, take a precise model of your mouth and provide you with a custom-fit mouthguard of the highest quality material.
Don't ruin your game. A mouthguard can go a long way in protecting your teeth and mouth from injury. If you would like more information about a sports mouthguard, please contact us or schedule an appointment for a consultation. To learn more, read the Dear Doctor magazine articles "Mouthguards" and "An Introduction to Sports Injuries & Dentistry."


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h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history: In the current study, we present a new hybrid material of double layer capacitive material graphene
Received 28 August 2014 (GNS), pseudo capacitive polypyrrole (PPY) and highly conducting silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Gra-
Received in revised form phene/Silver nanoparticles/polypyrrole (GNS/AgNPs/PPY) composite has been synthesized by in situ
25 November 2014
oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of GNS and AgNPs. The different mass concentrations
Accepted 27 November 2014
Available online 28 November 2014
of AgNPs were utilized to improve the capacitive performance of supercapacitor. Characterization of the
electrode material has been carried out by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Thermal methods,
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy. SEM images showed that
PPY nanoparticles uniformly coated on graphene sheets along with AgNPs. Electrochemical character-
Silver nanoparticles ization of the electrode surface has been carried out by means of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic
Polypyrrole charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Remarkably, GNS/AgNPs/PPY exhibits
Supercapacitor specic capacitance of 450 F g1 at current density of 0.9 mA g1, which is far better than GNS/PPY
Energy density (288 F g1), AgNPs/PPY (216 F g1) and PPY (153 F g1). Furthermore, GNS/AgNPs/PPY shows high charge
edischarge reversibility and retaining over 92.0% of its initial value after 1000 cycles. The cyclic stability
of the composite is improved due to the synergistic effect of GNS, AgNPs and PPY.
2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
0378-7753/ 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
P.K. Kalambate et al. / Journal of Power Sources 276 (2015) 262e270 263
electronics, public transportation, various micro devices, and mil- material results higher specic capacitance than polymeric mate-
itary defense systems [1e3]. Supercapacitors, as energy storage rial itself. The surface characterization of the electrode has been
devices attract attention due to its superior properties including carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy
high power density, rapid charge/discharge process, low cost, long dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron micro-
cycle life, and environmental friendly. [4e7]. However, energy scopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Ther-
density, power density and cycle life of currently available super- mogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis
capacitors need to be improved to satisfy the rapidly increasing (DTA). The electrochemical characterization of the electrode has
energy demands and many other applications. To meet energy been carried out by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic char-
demands low cost, environmentally friendly and more efcient geedischarge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
energy storage devices are essentially needed. Therefore, the (EIS).
development of supercapacitor electrodes with superior properties
is of tremendous importance. 2. Experimental section
In general, supercapacitors are divided into three classes viz;
electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLC), pseudocapacitors, 2.1. Chemicals and materials
and hybrid capacitors [8]. In each class mechanism of charge stor-
age is unique. EDLCs store charge by non-faradaic mechanism and Natural graphite (99.5% pure, particle size <50 mm) was ob-
charges are distributed on the surfaces by physical processes. Car- tained from S. D ne Chem. Ltd. Pyrrole monomer (98% pure); silver
bon based materials (graphene, carbon nanotubes, activated car- nanoparticles (particle size <100 nm, 99.5 trace metal basis) and
bon, nanodiamond etc.) are very popular to be employed as Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (ACS reagent, 97%) were purchased
electrode materials in EDLCs. Whereas, pseudocapacitors store form Sigma Aldrich. Sulfuric acid (AR grade, 98%), potassium per-
charge by faradaic process such as oxidationereduction reaction manganate (AR grade, 99%), sodium nitrate (AR grade, 99.5%) were
and transfer of charge between electrode and electrolyte. Pseudo- obtained from S. D. ne Chem. Ltd. Hydrogen peroxide (30% w/w in
capacitors mainly use conducting polymers and metal oxide as water), Sodium borohydride (99%) and hydrazine (98%) were pro-
electrode material. Hybrid capacitors make use of both physical and cured from Sigma Aldrich. All the chemicals were used without any
chemical charge storage mechanism together in a single electrode. further purication. Double distilled water was used throughout
The main advantage of hybrid capacitors is superior cyclic stability analysis.
and high power density [9].
Graphene (GNS), a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice struc- 2.2. Synthesis of graphene
ture of graphite has triggered a new genre for the development of
supercapacitor electrode materials due to its large surface area, Graphite oxide was prepared form natural graphite by modied
very high electrical and thermal conductivity, great mechanical Hummers method [34]. Briey, 2.0 g of graphite powder and 1.0 g
strength and low manufacturing cost [10e14]. GNS has been used NaNO3 were mixed, and then put into 96.0 ml conc. H2SO4 in an ice
for fabrication of energy storage devices, electronic devices, sensors bath. Under vigorous stirring, 6.0 g KMnO4 was added gradually.
and composites. Conducting polymers have a relatively high spe- The temperature of the mixture was maintained bellow 20 C. The
cic capacitance, high conductivity and low cost compared to car- ice bath was removed and mixture was stirred in a water bath for
bon based materials [15e18]. In recent years conducting polymers 2 h. To the brownish color pasty liquid 150 ml of water was added
such as polypyrrole (PPY) [19,20], polyaniline (PANI) [21,22], poly- and to maintain temperature bellow 50 C water was added
thiophenes (PTs) [23,24] and polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) continuously till total volume of water was 240 ml. To the above
[25,26] have been successfully used as electrode materials in mixture 5 ml of 30% H2O2 was added and it is observed that the
electrochemical energy storage devices because of their high con- solution color transformed into brilliant yellow along with
ductivity and fast redox electroactivity. Among them, PPY is one of bubbling. The mixture was stirred for 2 h; it was ltered and
the most promising supercapacitor material due to its high energy washed with 10% HCl aqueous solution, water, and ethanol. The
density, low cost, simple preparation, and reversible doping/de- product obtained was dried under vaccume at 60 C. For the syn-
doping electrochemistry. But the drawback associated with con- thesis of reduce graphene oxide, 100 mg of graphite oxide was
ducting polymers is poor stability during charging/discharging dispersed in water and sonicated for 1hr. In this step conversion of
[27,28]. Therefore development of supercapacitor with good sta- graphite oxide to graphene oxide (brown dispersion) took place. To
bility, high energy and power density is of great importance. the above dispersion 2.0 g hydrazine hydrate in 5 ml water was
Addition of conducting polymers, metal and metal oxides to the added and the mixture was reux at 100 C for 24 h under magnetic
carbon based materials is a promising approach. This approach has stirring. Finally, the mixture was ltered washed thoroughly with
proven very successful in achieving high value of capacitance. The water and dried at 60 C for 12 h.
superior performance of supercapacitors is due to increase in
polymer stability in the presence of carbon based material; the 2.3. Synthesis of GNS/AgNPs/PPY composite
porous network provides electrolyte permeation and enhancement
in conductivity and charging-discharging behavior of conducting Three composites of GNS/AgNPs/PPY were synthesized by
polymers. varying the ratio of silver nanoparticles and keeping the other
In this article, we propose a simple method for fabrication of conditions the same for the evaluation of supercapacitor perfor-
GNS/AgNPs/PPY composite electrode with improved electro- mance. Graphene and AgNPs were taken in the different ratio viz;
chemical performance. This is the rst instance wherein AgNPs 100:10, 100:20, and 100: 30. Polypyrrole was synthesized by
have been used along with graphene and PPY for supercapacitor. chemical oxidative polymerization method using ferric chloride as
There are few reports where silver nanoparticles are employed oxidizing agent. In a typical procedure, 0.1 g graphene, 20 mg silver
with conducting polymers and metal oxides [29e33]. In the present nanoparticles and 0.45 g freshly distilled pyrrole were mixed in
study AgNPs were incorporated into the conducting polymer i.e., 50 ml of de-ionized water and sonicated for 60 min. An equal
polypyrrole. Presence of AgNPs reduces the electrical resistance of volume of ferric chloride (6 mM in 0.1 M HCl) was added slowly
the polymer and increase electrical conductivity and electro- with constant stirring at 0e5 C. The mixture was kept under
chemical storage capacity. Incorporation of AgNPs into polymeric magnetic stirring at 0e5 C for 24 h. After reaction for 24 h, the
264 P.K. Kalambate et al. / Journal of Power Sources 276 (2015) 262e270
composite was thoroughly washed with water and then ethanol to show ve diffraction peaks at 38.10 , 46.20 , 64.44 , 77.37 and
remove any impurities. The composite was ltered and dried in a 81.33 which correspond to (1 1 1), (2 0 0), (2 2 0), (3 1 1) and (2 2 2)
vacuum oven at 60 C for 12 h. For comparison, GNS/PPY, AgNPs/ planes. While graphene shows only two peaks at 26 and 44
PPY and PPY were prepared using same procedure. The illustration corresponding to its (0 0 2) and (1 1 1) reections. The results ob-
of the preparation procedure for GNS/AgNPs/PPY nanocomposites tained for graphene are comparable with the reported literature
is shown in Scheme 1. [36]. In GNS/AgNPs/PPY composite the graphene peak at 44 is not
visible. The probable reason for this is graphene sheets are uni-
2.4. Characterization methods formly covered by PPY nanoparticles. Also some of the diffraction
peaks of silver are not visible in GNS/AgNPs/PPY composite elec-
Microstructure of the synthesized materials was characterized trode. This is because AgNPs are completely dispersed in graphene
by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (FEI quanta-200 model sheets.
with an operating voltage of 30 kV). The TEM analysis was carried Raman spectroscopy is the widely used technique to obtained
out on PHILIPS-CM200 electron microscope with operating volt- structural information especially for carbon based material. As
ages of 20e200 kv and resolution of 2.4 A . The crystallographic shown in Fig. 2(a) Raman spectra of PPY shows two wide bands at
studies of samples were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) 1328 and 1552 cm1 corresponding to C]C backbone stretching
technique (Shimadzu 7000S, Shimadzu Analytical, Japan) equipped and the ring-stretching mode, respectively [37]. It is also seen that
with CuKa radiation (l 0.154 nm). Raman spectra were recorded graphene shows two prominent peaks around 1340 and 1584 cm1
using Renishaw micro-Raman spectrometer (RE-04) equipped with that correspond to D and G bands, respectively. The D and G bands
solid state laser with the diode pumped at 514 nm. TG-DTA analysis of the graphene are due to the breathing vibrations of carbon atoms
was carried out on Perkin Elmer Pyris Diamond analyzer. The pH of dangling bonds in plane termination of disordered and defected
meter used during study was Elico LI 120. All electrochemical graphite and the in-plane bond-stretching vibration of sp2 bonded
measurement were performed using an Autolab PGSTATE 30 carbon atoms [38]. The PPY peaks are covered by the strong G and D
equipped with USB electrochemical interface using GPES software, bands of graphene conrming successful polymerization of PPY.
version 4.9.005 and frequency response analyzer, software version The enhancement observed in GNS/AgNPs/PPY is due to AgNPs
2.0 respectively. The three electrode system employing modied display electrocatalytic role.
electrode was used as working electrode, platinum wire and Ag/ The thermal behavior of the composites has been studied in the
AgCl (sat. KCl) were used as counter and reference electrodes, temperature range 30e1000 C at scan rate of 10 C/min in N2 at-
respectively in 1 M KCl. For electrochemical study 4.0 mg of active mosphere. As shown in Fig. 2(b), all the TGA curves show an initial
material was dispersed in 2.0 ml of ethanol and 10 ml suspension weight loss bellow 150 C due to vaporization of water molecules
was deposited on glassy carbon electrode. The electrode was dried adsorbed on the surface of materials. From 200 to 560 C, a major
under infra-red lamp and washed with water before electro- weight loss is observed due to thermal decomposition of PPY [39].
chemical study. It is seen that at 600 C, PPY showed 94.18 wt% loss, while at the
same temperature only 38.76 wt% weight loss has occurred for PPY
in GNS/AgNPs/PPY. The reasons for such difference in weight loss
3. Results and discussion
are due to graphene in the composite is thermally stable at high
temperature and difference in globular structure of pure poly-
3.1. XRD, Raman and TG-DTA study
pyrrole and polypyrrole in composites. This observation implies
that the thermal stability of composites is enhanced by incorpo-
The XRD diffraction patterns of PPY, AgNPs/PPY, GNS/PPY and
rating PPY to GNS and AgNPs. The onset decomposition tempera-
GNS/AgNPs/PPY are shown in Fig. 1. It can be seen that polypyrrole
ture of composites is shifted towards higher side than PPY due to
shows sharp diffraction peak at 25 indicating amorphous nature
the retardation effect of GNS, AgNPs as barrier for decomposition of
and is due to the scattering from PPY chains at the interplaner
PPY [40]. The composites were further studied by DTA to check the
spacing. This result is matching well with the polypyrrole synthe-
decomposition patterns which were found to be in agreement with
sized by various methods reported in the literature [35]. The
the TG results, conrming the thermal stability of these composites.
average particle size of polypyrrole obtained using Scherrer's
equation was 13 nm. Similar peaks were observed in GNS/PPY,
3.2. SEM, EDX and TEM study
AgNPs/PPY and GNS/AgNPs/PPY. In AgNPs/PPY composite AgNPs
Fig. 2. (a) Raman spectra of PPY, GNS/PPY, AgNPs/PPY and GNS/AgNPs/PPY; (b) TGA curves of PPY, GNS/PPY, AgNPs/PPY and GNS/AgNPs/PPY.
dopants thereby increasing the conductivity of the synthesized (Fig. 3h) shows that the PPY clusters are embedded in GNS sheets
composite as reported by earlier workers [41]. along with AgNPs.
TEM image of PPY is shown in Fig. 3(e) which shows cluster as
well as granular morphology of PPY. Fig. 3(f) depicts thin akes-like 3.3. Electrochemical characterization
shapes of graphene on which polypyrrole is absorbed through -
interaction. Fig. 3(g) is TEM image of AgNPs/PPY composite Electrochemical study was carried out in three-electrode system
showing AgNPs along with PPY and it was found that AgNPs were consisting of GNS/AgNPs/PPY composite electrode as working
spherical in shape. TEM image of GNS/AgNPs/PPY composite electrode, Ag/AgCl (sat. KCl) and Pt. wire as reference and counter
electrodes respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic
266 P.K. Kalambate et al. / Journal of Power Sources 276 (2015) 262e270
Fig. 3. SEM images of: a) PPY; b) GNS/PPY; c) AgNPs/PPY; d) GNS/AgNPs/PPY; TEM of: e) PPY; f) GNS/PPY; g) AgNPs/PPY; h) GNS/AgNPs/PPY.
chargeedischarge (GCD) study was carried out using three elec- anodic peak at 0.062 V and another cathodic peak at 0.173 V
trodes in 1 M KCl electrolyte. Fig. 5(A) displays the comparison of versus Ag/AgCl is obtained for the redox reaction of Ag/Ag. It is
GNS/AgNPs/PPY electrodes with varying concentrations of silver also observed that the area under the CV loop of GNS/AgNP/PPY
nanoparticles. It is notable from the CV study that 100:20 com- composite is larger than that of GNS/PPY, AgNPs/PPY and PPY,
posite shows the highest capacitive property and hence, was used indicating its higher capacitance. The higher capacitance value of
for further study. The reason for this observation can be explained GNS/AgNPs/PPY is attributed to the highly conducing AgNPs in the
on the basis of the role of different components in the composite. composite which reduces electrical resistance of the composite and
The presence of graphene in the composite not only serves as increases the charge storage capacity. The presence of GNS in the
highly conductive material, but also provides high surface area for composite not only serve as highly conductive material, but also
polymerization of PPY. The conducting polymer, polypyrrole, is provide high surface area for polymerization of PPY. CV curves of
mainly used due to its high conductivity and consequential redox GNS/AgNPs/PPY at different potential scan rates ranging from 5, 10,
properties associated with the chain heteroatoms. On the other 20, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mV s1 are shown in Fig. 5(C). It is
hand, silver nanoparticles reduce the electrical resistance of the observed that the material exhibits excellent electrochemical
polymer and increase electrical conductivity and electrochemical behavior in a wide range of potential scan rate. It is seen that
storage capacity. It is observed from CV study that increasing the oxidation peak shifts positively and reduction peak shifts nega-
amount of silver nanoparticles in the composite from 20 to 30 tively with increasing potential scan rate due to increase in resis-
(Fig. 5A) has resulted in lowering the value of specic capacitance. tance at higher scan rate. As scan rate increases the area under the
This may be due to the excess of silver nanoparticles present in the curve increases with increase in redox peak current. The retention
composite which may not be required to decrease the electrical of the redox peak current of the GNS/AgNPs/PPY electrode even at
resistance of PPY but in turn blocks the action of GNS. Therefore, the higher scan rates shows the good rate ability and capacitive
composition of graphene and silver nanoparticles containing behavior of the composite.
100:20 ratio in the composite was found to have maximum syn- The specic capacitance of the electrode material was calculated
ergistic effect resulting in the highest capacitive property. using cyclic voltammetry by using following equation.
Fig. 5(B) shows comparison of cyclic voltammograms of
different electrode materials within potential range of 0.7 to 0.6 V Z
at the scan rate of 10 mV s1. As can be clearly seen that GNS/PPY Idv
shows almost a rectangular CV loop which is characteristics of an Csp (1)
EDLC. However, a redox couple is observed for GNS/AgNPs/PPY DV$s$m
electrode which is attributed to the presence of AgNPs. A dominant
P.K. Kalambate et al. / Journal of Power Sources 276 (2015) 262e270 267
Fig. 5. (A) Cyclic voltammograms of GNS/AgNPs/PPY with varying concentration of AgNPs; (B) Cyclic voltammograms of as prepared electrodes in 1 M KCl at a scan rate of
10 mV s1; (C) Cyclic voltammograms obtained at GNS/AgNPs/PPY in 1 M KCl, employing varying scan rates: 5.0e500 mV s1; (D) Specic capacitance vs. Scan rate ranging from 5 to
500 mV s1 of GNS/AgNPs/PPY electrode.
268 P.K. Kalambate et al. / Journal of Power Sources 276 (2015) 262e270
where Csp is the specic capacitance, Idv is the integrated area is favorable in energy storage devices so that less energy will be
under the CV curve, m is the mass of active material deposited on wasted to produce unwanted heat during chargeedischarge pro-
electrode surface (g), DV (V) is the difference in potential, and s is cess [44]. The GNS and AgNPs are highly conductive and hence,
the potential scan rate [42,43]. The specic capacitance obtained they have very low internal resistance. The chargeedischarge time
for GNS/AgNPs/PPY is much higher than that of GNS/PPY, AgNPs/ increases in the order: PPY < AgNPs/PPY < GNS/PPY < GNS/AgNPs/
PPY and PPY at same scan rate. The maximum specic capacitance PPY, implying high specic capacitance of GNS/AgNPs/PPY. The
obtained for GNS/AgNPs/PPY is 442 F g1 which is higher than galvanostatic-charge discharge curves of GNS/AgNPs/PPY in 1 M
278 F g1 for GNS/PPY, 235 F g1 for AgNPs/PPY and 154 F g1 for KCl at different current densities viz; 0.9 mA g1, 1.2 mA g1,
PPY at the scan rate of 10 mV s1.The variation of specic capaci- 1.5 mA g1, 2.0 mA g1, 2.5 mA g1and 3.0 mA g1 are shown in
tance with potential scan rate is shown in Fig. 5(D). The specic Fig. 7(b). As can be seen, the curves are highly symmetrical and
capacitance decreases as potential scan increases because at low linear, which shows an ideal capacitive behavior and excellent
scan rate electrolyte ions are completely diffused into the inner electrochemical reversibility. A good linear relation of the char-
active sites of material which undergo the redox transitions geedischarge potential with time was observed, conrming rapid
completely. However, at higher scan rate electrolyte ions cannot IeV response and low equivalent series resistance. The specic
diffuse completely into the inner active sites of material as a result capacitance of the electrode was calculated by using the following
it cannot make full use of inner surface area. Hence, there is a equation [45]:
decrease in specic capacitance at high potential scan rate. The
cyclic stability of the electrode was tested by performing CV for I dt
1000 cycles at scan rate of 100 mV s1 as shown in Fig. 6. It is Csp (2)
m dv
observed that there is no degradation in the current of the CV loop
when comparing the 1000th and the 1st cycle conrming high where Csp is the specic capacitance (F g1), I (A g1), is the con-
stability of GNS/AgNPs/PPY electrode. At 620 and 830 cycles slight stant current density, dt is the discharging time (s), m is the mass of
increase in specic capacitance observed, is due to the increase of active material deposited on electrode surface (g) and dv is the
electrolyte temperature after continuous operation over time. voltage change in chargeedischarge process. The specic capaci-
Further electrochemical performance of the electrodes was tance obtained from chargeedischarge curves of GNS/AgNPs/PPY,
tested by using chargeedischarge study which illustrates EDLC, GNS/PPY, GNS/PPY, AgNPs/PPY and PPY is 450 F g1, 288 F g1,
pseudo capacitance, and internal resistance of the material. Gal- 216 F g1 and 153 F g1, respectively at a constant current density of
vanostatic charge/discharge is a very important method to evaluate 0.9 mA g1. The results obtained by GCD are comparable with those
the electrochemical capacitance of the material under controlled obtained by CV at scan rate of 10 mV s1. The energy and power
current conditions. Fig. 7(a) demonstrates the charge/discharge density values have been calculated from the following equations
behavior of different electrodes at current density of 0.9 mA g1.The [46]:
galvanostatic chargeedischarge proles of GNS/AgNPs/PPY, GNS/
PPY, AgNPs/PPY, and PPY show almost symmetrical char-
geedischarge curves indicating good capacitive behavior. The E Csp Vi2 (3)
observed deviation in linearity is mainly due to the presence of 2
pseudocapacitive PPY. Further, the plateaus corresponding to this
redox couple Ag/Ag1 are almost suppressed due to the high non- E
Faradiac current caused due to electrical double layer formation P (4)
at GNS and PPY surfaces. The chargeedischarge curve of PPY has
similar shape of the GNS/AgNPs/PPY composite. The IR drop of the where E is the specic energy density (Wh kg1), Csp specic
PPY is higher than the composite electrode, indicating internal capacitance (F g1), Vi refers to the maximum voltage (V); P rep-
resistance of PPY is higher than composites. Low internal resistance resents the power density (kW kg1), and Dt stands for discharge
time (s).
The calculated energy and power density values of GNS/AgNP/
PPY electrode are 81.0 Wh kg1 and 10.13 kW kg1 respectively at a
current density of 0.9 mA g1
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed
to compare faradaic resistance and capacitive traits of the electrode
material. The EIS spectrum has two parts semicircular parts and
linear parts. The semicircle at higher frequency corresponds to the
charge transfer resistance (Rct) caused by the faradaic reaction and
double layer capacitance (Cdl) at the interface between electrode
and electrolyte solution. The EIS study has been done in the fre-
quency range of 0.1 Hze106 Hz at open circuit potential with
amplitude of 5 mV. The Nyquist plots for PPY, GNS/PPY, AgNPs/PPY
and GNS/AgNPs/PPY are shown in Fig. 7(c). It is seen from Nyquist
plot that the diameter of semicircle goes on decreasing from PPY to
GNS/AgNPs/PPY suggesting low charge transfer and electrolyte
resistance of the later. The Rct values obtained for PPY, AgNPs/PPY,
GNS/PPY and GNS/AgNPs/PPY composites based electrodes are 0.9,
0.73, 0.68 and 0.32 K U, respectively. The Nyquist plot is a vertical
line for an ideal electrode material. The Nyquist plot vertical line for
GNS/AgNPs/PPY is almost parallel to imaginary axis compared to
Fig. 6. Cyclic stability of GNS/AgNPs/PPY electrode at100 mV s1, Inset shows the PPY, GNS/PPY and AgNPs/PPY suggesting a good capacitive
comparison of 1000th CV cycle with 1st CV cycle at 100 mV s1. behavior of composite electrode [10].
P.K. Kalambate et al. / Journal of Power Sources 276 (2015) 262e270 269
Fig. 7. (a) Galvanostatic chargeedischarge curves of the GNS/AgNPs/PPY, GNS/PPY, AgNPs/PPY and PPY electrodes at 0.9 mA g1 current density; (b) Galvanostatic chargeedischarge
curves of GNS/AgNPs/PPY electrode at different current densities in 1 M KCl; (c) Electrochemical impedance spectra of the GNS/AgNPs/PPY, GNS/PPY, AgNPs/PPY and PPY; (d)
specic capacitance of the as prepared GNS/AgNPs/PPY, GNS/PPY, AgNPs/PPY and PPY electrodes at different current densities.
Fig. 7(d) presents relationship between the specic capacitance current density of 0.9 mA g1 as shown in Fig. 8(a). The specic
and chargeedischarge density. It is observed that there is a capacitance of GNS/AgNPs/PPY is 450 F g1 at rst cycle and de-
decrease in specic capacitance as the current density increases. creases to 414 F g1 after 1000 cycles, with retention of 92.0%
GNS/AgNPs/PPY not only exhibits higher specic capacitance but specic capacitance. Whereas, the specic capacitance of GNS/PPY,
also retains better rate capacity with specic capacitance retention AgNPs/PPY, and PPY in the rst cycle were 288 F g1 (85.41%
of 78.0% (0.9e3.0 mA g1), superior to PPY (62.9% from 0.9 to retention after 1000 cycles), 216 F g1 (81.10% retention after 1000
3.0 mA g1). The cyclic stability of the GNS/AgNPs/PPY, GNS/PPY, cycles, 153 F g1 (69.28% retention after 1000 cycles respectively. It
AgNPs/PPY, and PPY was studied by repeating constant current is found that, after 1000 cycles, GNS/AgNPs/PPY based super-
chargeedischarge test for 1000 cycles in 1 M KCl electrolyte at a capacitor retains 92.0% of its initial capacitance, which demonstrate
Fig. 8. (a) Capacitance cycling performance of the as-prepared GNS/AgNPs/PPY, GNS/PPY, AgNPs/PPY and PPY electrodes at a current density of 0.9 mA g1; (b) First ve char-
geedischarge cycles for GNS/AgNPs/PPY electrode.
270 P.K. Kalambate et al. / Journal of Power Sources 276 (2015) 262e270
good electrochemical stability of electrode during cyclic test. [7] Y. Zhai, Y. Dou, D. Zhao, P.F. Fulvio, R.T. Mayes, S. Dai, Adv. Mater. 23 (2011)
Fig. 8(b) shows rst ve chargeedischarge curves of GNS/AgNPs/
[8] M. conte, Fuel Cells 10 (2010) 806e818.
PPY composite at a current density of 0.9 mA g1. The decrease in [9] S.-M. Chen, R. Ramachandran, V. Mani, R. Saraswathi, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 9
specic capacitance of the composite electrode is due to insertion (2014) 4072e4085.
and de-insertion of ions in the matrix of conducting polymer which [10] M.D. Stoller, S. Park, Y. Zhu, J. An, R.S. Ruoff, Nano Lett. 8 (2008) 3498e3502.
[11] H.C. Huang, C.W. Huang, C.T. Hsieh, P.L. Kuo, J.M. Ting, H. Teng, J. Phys. Chem.
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changes are greatly reduced because nanoparticles allows effective M. Conway, A.L.M. Reddy, J. Yu, R. Vajtai, P.M. Ajayan, Nano Lett. 11 (2011)
charge transport and reduces the charge trapping inside the elec- [13] C. Liu, Z. Yu, D. Neff, A. Zhamu, B.Z. Jang, Nano Lett. 10 (2010) 4863e4868.
trode material at great extent. Generally for a nanocomposite based [14] Y. Wang, Z. Shi, Y. Huang, Y. Ma, C. Wang, M. Chen, Y. Chen, J. Phys. Chem. C.
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[15] K.F. Babu, S.P.S. Subramanian, M.A. Kulandainathan, Carbohydr. Polym. 94
to have a good stability [48]. (2013) 487e495.
[16] G.-A. Snooka, P. Kaob, A.-S. Best, J. Power Sources 196 (2011) 1e12.
[17] H.R. Ghenaatian, M.F. Mousavi, M.S. Rahmanifar, Electrochim. Acta 78 (2012)
4. Conclusions 212e222.
[18] V. Khomenko, E. Frackowiak, F. Beguin, Electrochim. Acta 50 (2005)
GNS/AgNPs/PPY nanocomposites have been synthesized by in 2499e2506.
[19] L.-Q. Fan, G.-J. Liu, J.-H. Wu, L. Liu, J.-M. Lin, Y.-L. Wei, Electrochim. Acta 137
situ polymerization method. The insertion of GNS in the composite
(2014) 26e33.
provides a large surface area for dispersing PPY and Ag reduces the [20] F. Zhang, F. Xiao, Z.-H. Dong, W. Shi, Electrochim. Acta 114 (2013) 125e132.
electrical resistance of the polymer and increase electrical con- [21] V.H.R. de Souzaa, M.M. Oliveira, A.J.G. Zarbin, J. Power Sources 260 (2014)
ductivity, and electrochemical storage capacity. Controlling the
[22] J.E. Yang, I. Jang, M. Kim, S.H. Baeck, S. Hwang, S.E. Shim, Electrochim. Acta 111
ratio of AgNPs to GNS is very important to obtain good electro- (2013) 136e143.
chemical performance. SEM analysis reveals that PPY nanoparticles [23] C. Fu, H. Zhou, R. Liu, Z. Huang, J. Chen, Y. Kuang, Mater. Chem. Phys. 132
are uniformly coated on graphene sheets along with silver nano- (2012) 596e600.
[24] Q. Lu, Y. Zhou, J. Power Sources 196 (2011) 4088e4094.
particles. XRD analysis shows that PPY is amorphous in nature and [25] F. Alvi, M.K. Ram, P.A. Basnayaka, E. Stefanakos, Y. Goswami, A. Kumar,
have average particles size of 13 nm. TGA analysis conrmed Electrochim. Acta 56 (2011) 9406e9412.
composite material has better thermal stability than PPY alone. The [26] J. Chen, C. Jia, Z. Wan, Electrochim. Acta 121 (2014) 49e56.
[27] G. Otrokhov, D. Pankratov, G. Shumakovich, M. Khlupova, Y. Zeifman,
maximum specic capacitance obtained is 442 F g1 at a current I. Vasil'eva, O. Morozova, A. Yaropolov, Electrochim. Acta 123 (2014) 151e157.
density of 0.9 mA g1 in 1 M KCl electrolyte. The composite elec- [28] D.S. Patil, S.A. Pawar, R.S. Devan, M.G. Gang, Y.-R. Ma, J.H. Kim, P.S. Patil,
trode showed very good stability even after 1000 chargeedischarge Electrochim. Acta 105 (2013) 569e577.
[29] D. Saptarshi, D.C. Kumar, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53 (2014) 3495e3508.
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tains 92.0% of its initial specic capacitance value. The enhanced (2014) 692e698.
specic capacitance of the material is due to the synergistic effect of [31] S. Montree, S. Montakan, K. kawita, K. Jakkrit, S. Pattarachai, S. Yanisha,
K. Panupong, S. Phansiri, C. Poramane, J. Mater. Chem. A 1 (2013) 9630e9636.
three components viz; GNS, AgNPs and PPY. These results suggest
[32] P. Shengjie, L. Linlin, T. Huiteng, W. Yongzhi, C. Ren, Y. Hong, H. Xin, Z. Peining,
that GNS/AgNPs/PPY composite electrode is quite suitable and a R. Seeram, S. Madhavi, J. Mater. Chem. A 1 (2013) 7630e7638.
promising electrode material for high performance supercapacitor. [33] K.K. Seok, P.S. Jin, Synt. Met. 162 (2012) 2107e2111.
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L.B. Alemany, W. Lu, J.M. Tour, ACS Nano 4 (2010) 4806.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Vladimir Stojkovic begs for time to keep Wigan dream alive
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Also available are daily pas casamento anselmo ralph adobe the voyage such as red pas on Voyage, fried seafood pas on Ne and other pas xx spaghetti and fried chicken on the days in between. Lasagna and spaghetti and meatballs round out the Italian dishes. Voyage, arrondissement and late-night dining daily. Lasagna and spaghetti and pas round out the Mi dishes. Cheesecake Amie is a amigo amigo to voyage with dessert and work casamento anselmo ralph adobe way backwards. The arrondissement voyage at this Xx Parish hotspot is the Mi Norton, casamento anselmo ralph adobe chargrilled arrondissement mignon presented on top of a marinated portobello voyage and topped with Pas blue cheese and garlic sauce. Voyage and late-night daily, brunch Sun. For a casual ne or a quick amigo and a xx, mi casamento anselmo ralph adobe the Caddyshack for sandwiches, burgers, French pas and onion 2 maini bosquito skype. Get the mi going with Arrondissement eggs, which xx fried green casamento anselmo ralph adobe topped with pas voyage, poached pas and casamento anselmo ralph adobe arrondissement, served with home fries or pas and either a voyage muffin, pas or voyage. The pas slow-smoked ribs are served with Ne casamento anselmo ralph adobe and a choice of pas. This international staple offers enough local touches to amie New Orleanians amigo casamento anselmo ralph adobe home, like Louis Mi's voyage and Fats Ne posters hanging on an pas wall, as well as a few Cajun and Creole-inflected casamento anselmo ralph adobe items. The ne strikes a amie amigo with its amie of voyage Monica, made with voyage pas in a spicy costel biju sus in aer zippy sauce over pasta. No pas. Offering an extensive menu with nearly 60 pas ranging from pas 'n' pas to tempura-fried voyage to cheese and bacon potato skins, Bennigan's is a ne mi for families and finicky pas. There's si and arrondissement pas in a zesty sauce tossed with penne pasta and Parmesan cheese. The Abita Pas location pas a xx of big, potent arrondissement cocktails. There's also a mi of Italian pas and pas like a oz. If you have a voracious amie, go for the seafood amigo loaded with pas, voyage, fried oysters and voyage beignets. The Voyage tries to keep every si and every mi in si with pas that amigo from New Si pas to Ne pas. If you have a voracious appetite, go for the seafood mi loaded with pas, voyage, fried oysters and arrondissement beignets. There's pasta, voyage legs, amigo ne cocktail, chocolate fountain xx, and a Mi mi. Amie pas si the bar and dining pas. Voyage and voyage daily. If you are out on a amigo and searching for something a little more xx, cozy up to the seafood voyage for two: The Deckbar has a full amie of tasty bar food to voyage on and pas xx from fried seafood pas to pas. The Voyage Voyage cuisine pas from amie ribs to si to Jamaican voyage mi to shrimp fried in coconut butter. Breakfast, voyage, voyage and late-night dining daily. The bill of arrondissement also pas a thick pas of Pas from burgers and ne to desserts like mi cobbler and pas. The No. The xx amie at this Arrondissement Parish hotspot is the Arrondissement Norton, a chargrilled voyage mignon presented on top of a marinated portobello mushroom and topped with Ne blue cheese and garlic sauce. Applebee's pas for casamento anselmo ralph adobe "something for everyone" mi, which pas items range from pas to salads, si a Arrondissement Watcher's menu and kid's si. For more dessert pas, there are also si splits and pas. Hours amie by amigo. The bar is voyage 24 pas and the xx is usually open from voyage straight through till early in the voyage. The Voyage Voyage amie goes from mi pas to amigo to Jamaican voyage voyage to voyage fried in amie butter. 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text:
Communal Dinners
Since 2017 we have been organising a communal dinner every first Saturday of every other month where a volunteer offers to cook a meal for those interested in the future of Rochester Square and we share food, stories and ideas for possible collaborations. There are no pressures on what is prepared, this is usually a soup or stew in a very large pot, the importance is the social aspect and we suggest that after 3 times as a diner, you are then the cook.
We always invite friends, neighbours and people interested in the square, hosting a maximum of 40 people.
Next Communal dinner Saturday 7 September
Suggested donation of £5 is very welcome to prolonging the longevity of these dinners, as well as bringing some drinks to share with the rest. Cash is welcome on the night or prior through the following link:


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Re: "Socialism" and "capitalism" are the same
Posted: Fri Jun 15, 2018 5:39 pm UTC
Tyndmyr wrote:...real world countries, you do run into some definitional issues as far as what countries are capitalist, and which are socialist, as real world examples are fairly messy. ...the Heritage organization's measurements... They rate countries such as Cuba, North Korea, etc poorly in economic freedom...
You [and others] might find this podcast about North Korea's capitalists interesting. https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2017 ... apitalists
(NPR's Planet Money Episode #800, if you have a preferred place to listen to podcasts.)


text:
Add More Color to Your Plate All Day Long
Sometimes we get stuck in a rut when it comes to food. We get comfortable with certain meals or choose ones that are easy and quick to prepare. Well, it's...Read More...
"I wanted to take this moment to thank you and your staff for making the Athletic Celebration absolutely wonderful. I cannot say enough great things about the event. The food was outstanding and the service was fantastic. Thank you for your help from start to finish."Annette Stacknick
"Thank You for once again going above and beyond to ensure that our programs are a success. Your willingness to customize menus as well as provide your expert guidance to develop a well-rounded selection of offerings is what keeps us coming back! The food is always exceptional! Our programs would not be a success without the CulinArt team!"Ana Díaz
"What a night! You and your team rocked it and made us look like stars. Great working with you and know we will have more chances to work together on future events."Carol Maxwell
"Just want to take a moment to thank you for running such a great kitchen. It's been a huge benefit to have such a delicious and various assortment of foods to choose from, all without having to leave the building. I'm always amazed at the daily variety and the quality of food that is offered. The cafeteria has made my food choices as easy as can be."Juan Arreola
"What a wonderful dinner we had tonight for our international families. The food was delicious and well presented as well."Jennifer Taylor
"I would like to thank you and your staff for helping to make our Annual Holiday Party a Great Success. You did an Amazing job from the décor, the food and the service you provided! I have heard nothing but great comments. As always, I enjoyed working with you and your team."Devona Jackson
"Yesterday I ordered the special (Bloody Mary Burger) which was one of the best burgers I've ever tasted, [but] this e-mail is not to praise the burger. Eating the burger reminded me of the great service, professionalism, the smiles, the knowledge and the great food that I have come to love each and every day. Your team, who really work as a team, take their time to explain nutrition and meal ideas, and encourage healthy eating. I wouldn't change one thing about this crew. I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude for their hard work each and every day."Andrew Benns
"The CulinArt team has been great to work with and has been super flexible. Having worked with other dining services at different institutions, having a dining team that is open to menu changes has been a great resource for our events. "Tuyen Nguyen
"I hope you do the food service in heaven."The Vatican Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro Parolin
"Thank you for including me today in the food waste demonstration/[chef competition] and flattering me with the role of "judge." I will proudly don the [Stop Food Waste Day] apron the next time I plan an "event" in our own kitchen. I think this is a very worthwhile cause and the statistics you read off are staggering. They, alone, can intimidate a home chef, let alone be the "driver' for a professional one."Ellen Evans
Want to find out what CulinArt can offer you? Connect with us today
to understand how our solutions can accommodate your unique needs.


text:
Great Grass Ideas
(NAPSI)—For a lawn that turns the neighbors green with envy, heed these four hints:
1. Water well: Water your lawn early in the morning when temperatures are cool to cut down on diseases and destructive insects.
2. Feed it: Use fertilizer that provides nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
3. Mulch it: Mulch prevents evaporation and weed growth, helps drainage, encourages root development and cools the soil.
4. Mow wisdom: Cut the grass early in the morning or in the evening, not during the heat of the day. Cut off no more than a third of the grass blade.
Want to make mowing easier and still get a beautifully groomed lawn? Consider a robotic mower. Models like the Honda Miimo, powered by a high-performance lithium-ion battery, do the mowing for you. Because a dealer-installed boundary wire goes around the area to be mowed, the mower detects the electric field and stays within it, monitoring its own charge and returning to its docking station at need. Independent 360-degree sensors and a floating cover detect solid contacts. And, if Miimo comes too close to a person or pet, the lawn mower stops, turns, and moves in a different direction.
Learn more at www.miimo.honda.com and www.powerequipment.honda.com/dealer-locator.
"Making lawn mowing easier is the self-charging robotic Miimo mower from
Honda. A dealer-installed boundary wire defines the area to be mowed. Sensors
and a floating cover keep it from coming too close to a person or pet. http://bit.ly/2L02lMn"
On the Net:North American Precis Syndicate, Inc.(NAPSI)
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text:
Here's a look at history of 'religious freedom' lawsBreaking News
tags: Indiana, LGBT, discrimination, gay, Mike Pence
The 1993 federal law protecting religious freedom, to which Gov. Mike Pence has pointed as the model for the state's controversial new law, grew out of two Native Americans' use of peyote in a religious ceremony.
The law sparked state versions after the Supreme Court said in 1997 that the federal statute couldn't apply to state and local governments.
But the Supreme Court expanded the application of the law at the federal level last year by ruling that its protections apply to closely held corporations that did not want to include contraceptive coverage in their health insurance plans.
Pence cited the court's decision in the Hobby Lobby craft store chain's dispute over contraception as an example of why Indiana needs its own law.
Here's how we got to that point...
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text:
James Kalat's greatest-promoting INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY does excess of cowl main theories and research; it encourages you to query the knowledge and ask your self, ""How was this conclusion reached?"" and ""Does the proof actually help it?"" On this scholar-praised textual content, Kalat challenges your preconceptions about psychology to make it easier to turn out to be a extra knowledgeable shopper of data not solely throughout your school expertise but in addition as you enterprise into your publish-school life. Together with his humorous writing type and arms-on ""Attempt It Your self"" workouts, Kalat places you comfortable and will get you concerned with what you're learning so to achieve your course. Out there with InfoTrac Scholar Collections http://gocengage.com/infotrac.
Essential Discover: Media content material referenced inside the product description or the product textual content will not be obtainable within the ebook model.
Introduction to Psychology Pdf
James Kalat's greatest-promoting INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY does excess of cowl main theories and research; it encourages you to query the knowledge and ask your self, ""How was this conclusion reached?"" and ""Does the proof actually help it?"" On this scholar-praised textual content, Kalat challenges your preconceptions about psychology to make it easier to turn out to be a extra knowledgeable shopper of data not solely throughout your school expertise but in addition as you enterprise into your publish-school life. Together with his humorous writing type and arms-on ""Attempt It Your self"" workouts, Kalat places you comfortable and will get you concerned with what you're learning so to achieve your course. Out there with InfoTrac Scholar Collections http://gocengage.com/infotrac.
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text:
This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement N°784966.
THERMOS has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 723636.
Since its first edition REbuild has represented a platform for analysis, learning, networking and doing business in the construction industry. The highly focused sessions and discussions on business cases and market...
Your opinion matters!
Throughout the study, The European Commission and the consortium contributing to this study are committed to engage with stakeholders to collect their input and viewpoints and to consider their feedback regarding the...
Focused on energy efficiency and the use of renewables in the built environment, CISBAT offers a dynamic international platform for scientific exchange in fields ranging from nanostructured materials for renewable energy applications to urban...
X IAQVEC 2019 10th Int. Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings
Conference theme: Healthy Nearly Zero Energy Buildings
IAQVEC is a premier international conference series, held once every three years.
The conference...


text:
Job is no longer active.
Job is no longer active.
Please click here to see all current available jobs.
Associate - Litigation
On behalf of our client a Cayman Islands based Law Firm, we are actively inviting applications for the position of Associate within their Litigation Team. This is a varied and exciting role which will expose you to a spectrum of diverse legal cases, whilst offering a generous tax free salary.
Duties include but are not limited to;
- Advise clients in complex offshore disputes
- Provide rapid and accurate advice to various client's inquiries
- Support other members of the team as necessary
- Manage a large number of files prioritizing as required
- Conduct trails
- 4+ years PQE and must have been called to the bar in a Commonwealth jurisdiction
- Experience in litigation, family law, commercial etc.
- Ability to work under minimal supervision
- Strong working knowledge of MS Office, specifically MS Word, Outlook and Excel
If you are tired of your daily commute and would like to explore more of what the Caribbean has to offer, get in touch today!
All applications are held in the strictest of confidence.
Ref #235645
Construction Paralegal - Temporary
Our client, a local growing construction entity, are looking for a Construction Paralegal to assist with specific contractor files and supporting the Project Manager. Duties include; Familiarizing yourself fully with all…
Ref #146183
Credit Control
We are working on behalf of our Global client to recruit a Credit Controller in to their Cayman based team. We are looking for someone with experience in a Credit Control…
Ref #235088
Graphic Designer
On behalf of our client, we are actively recruiting for a skilled Graphic Designer to join their diverse and friendly team. Duties will include but are not limited to; …
Ref #218088
Technical Services Manager
Our client a local insurance provider here in the Cayman Islands is actively seeking a Technical Services Manager to join their team. This is a diverse role which will expose…
Ref #235644
HR Officer - Temporary
We are actively seeking an immediately available HR Officer to join our clients team to assist with a large HR project. The ideal candidate will need to be able to…
Ref #227984
Compliance Administrator - Temporary
On behalf of our client, they are offering an exciting opportunity to develop your skills in a fast-paced environment for the role Compliance Administrator. If you are an organized individual…
Ref #235087
Accounts Assistant
On behalf of our client, a highly successful business here in the Cayman Islands, we are actively seeking an Accounts Assistant to join their existing team. Duties; Reconciliation of accounts and…
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Catering Manager
SteppingStones is actively recruiting a Catering Manager on behalf of our client, a globally recognized and highly respected company in the hospitality industry. Duties; Develop existing business and solicit…
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SteppingStones is actively recruiting a Trainer on behalf of our client's successful Cayman Islands based business. If you are Caymanian, have RERC or hold PR, this may be the role…
Ref #221386
Counsellor / Therapist
On behalf of our client, based in the Cayman Islands, are actively looking for a Counsellor/Therapist to join their team. If you are committed to providing intervention and prevention services,…
Ref #235298
On behalf of our client, a global professional services firm, we are actively recruiting an Associate to join their Central London based team. Responsibilities; Managing the administration of a mixed…
Ref #235043
Head of Compliance
On behalf of our client an award-winning professional services firm with a global presence, we are actively seeking a Head of Compliance to join their Cayman Islands based team. This…
Ref #235054
Corporate Administrator
We are working with a fantastic business on Island to recruit a Corporate Administrator in to their team. We are looking for someone to join the team and take on responsibility…
Ref #235046
Trust Officer
We are looking for a Temporary Trust Officer to join a fantastic organization on Island, to assist the team over a three month period. We are looking for someone with experience…


text:
Russell T Davies
From Quotes
We come and go just like ripples in a stream.John V. Politis
(Redirected from Russell T. Davies)
Russell T Davies, OBE (born Stephen Russell Davies, 1963-04-27), is a Welsh television producer and writer.
- There's nothing better than a party that turns into a death trap.
- Doctor Who Confidential Series 2, Episode 5, "Cybermen" (Doctor Who documentary series, 2005)
- Gone with the Wind, Four Weddings and a Funeral, Notting Hill, they all should have had the hero cut down by a Dalek, and they would've been vastly improved really.
- Doctor Who Confidential Series 4, Episode 12, "Friends and Foe" (Doctor Who documentary series, 2005)
External links


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Jewelry Making for Beginners: 11 Beginner Jewelry Projects
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Latest Comments
"This is a pretty unique bracelet that caught my eye. Love this!"
"Pretty! I love the shape of tear drop earrings. They go best with my face shape. Love the color combo you have here!"
"Those earrings are fun and CUTE! They would be my 4th of July earrings!"
"This is actually very pretty. It looks like one you can buy in a department store and not the dollar store. Great Bracelet!"
Lavish Beaded Necklace
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There's no doubt that pearls, teardrop beads, and seed beads, with a focal piece on top, make that special cocktail known as a beautiful piece of jewelry. Learn how to make a necklace that involves the ingredients for success and create this Lavish Beaded Necklace. When carefully crafted, this DIY necklace looks stunning. It's one of those jewelry designs which you'll want to show off the moment you complete it. Get cracking at this gem as a treat for yourself.
Project TypeMake a Project
Bead TypeSeed, Crystal, Pearl, Miscellaneous
Time to CompleteIn an evening
Bead Technique UsedStrung
Bead Project TypeNecklace
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