text:
- Software
- Open Access
MimoSA: a system for minimotif annotation
- Jay Vyas†1,
- Ronald J Nowling†1,
- Thomas Meusburger2,
- David Sargeant2,
- Krishna Kadaveru1,
- Michael R Gryk1,
- Vamsi Kundeti3,
- Sanguthevar Rajasekaran3 and
- Martin R Schiller1, 2Email author
© Vyas et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010
- Received: 19 February 2010
- Accepted: 16 June 2010
- Published: 16 June 2010
Minimotifs are short peptide sequences within one protein, which are recognized by other proteins or molecules. While there are now several minimotif databases, they are incomplete. There are reports of many minimotifs in the primary literature, which have yet to be annotated, while entirely novel minimotifs continue to be published on a weekly basis. Our recently proposed function and sequence syntax for minimotifs enables us to build a general tool that will facilitate structured annotation and management of minimotif data from the biomedical literature.
We have built the MimoSA application for minimotif annotation. The application supports management of the Minimotif Miner database, literature tracking, and annotation of new minimotifs. MimoSA enables the visualization, organization, selection and editing functions of minimotifs and their attributes in the MnM database. For the literature components, Mimosa provides paper status tracking and scoring of papers for annotation through a freely available machine learning approach, which is based on word correlation. The paper scoring algorithm is also available as a separate program, TextMine. Form-driven annotation of minimotif attributes enables entry of new minimotifs into the MnM database. Several supporting features increase the efficiency of annotation. The layered architecture of MimoSA allows for extensibility by separating the functions of paper scoring, minimotif visualization, and database management. MimoSA is readily adaptable to other annotation efforts that manually curate literature into a MySQL database.
MimoSA is an extensible application that facilitates minimotif annotation and integrates with the Minimotif Miner database. We have built MimoSA as an application that integrates dynamic abstract scoring with a high performance relational model of minimotif syntax. MimoSA's TextMine, an efficient paper-scoring algorithm, can be used to dynamically rank papers with respect to context.
- Negative Training
- PubMed Abstract
- Paper Ranking
- Paper Scoring
- Short Peptide Sequence
Minimotifs are short peptide sequences that are the recognition elements for many protein functions. These short sequences are responsible for protein interaction interfaces involving other proteins (or molecules) in cells, trafficking proteins to specific cellular compartments, or serving as the basis for enzymes to post-translationally modify the minimotif sequence. At present, many minimotif instances and consensus sequences are collected into a wide spanning set of relatively small databases such as MnM, ELM, Domino, PepCyber, and ScanSite [1–5]. Most databases focus on specific subsets of minimotifs. For example, Phospho-ELM has merged with PhosphoBase as a database that focuses on instances of phosphorylation on proteins [6]. Likewise, ScanSite largely concentrates on protein interaction minimotifs for a small subset of domains. In addition to these databases, recent years have seen increased publication rates of high throughput studies that generate minimotif data. Despite this growth in information, many of the reported minimotif attributes have yet to be integrated into any database.
The goal of the MnM project is to integrate well-structured data for a set of defined attributes of minimotifs in a single, non-redundant data repository with high accuracy. The number of reports of minimotifs in the literature has continued to grow since the late 1980's, recently with more rapid growth due to high throughput functional peptide screens. Previously, we showed that the several thousand minimotifs in MnM can be discretized into a structured syntax which can be directly enforced and modeled in a relational database [1, 7]. Through this process, we recognized the need for a system that manages minimotif annotation, which would help identify papers, reduce the time required for manual annotation, reduce errors, duplications and ambiguities, and aids in maintenance of the database.
Currently, there are no bioinformatics tools designed for annotating minimotifs from the literature. Most reported annotation methodologies concentrate mainly on genomes and proteome scale data [8–10]. A proposed stratification of annotation efforts refers to sequence-based annotation as the first dimension of genome annotation which defines components [11]. The second dimension can be considered those annotations that focus on component interactions. This is exemplified by the human kinome and other types of functional annotations in the SwissProt and Entrez Gene databases [12, 13]. Annotation of minimotifs can be considered a second dimension annotation.
In considering whether to design a novel minimotif annotation system or adapt an existing annotation system used for another purpose, we identified a number of requirements to facilitate accurate, non-redundant, and efficient annotation of minimotif literature. We wanted the system to interface with a relational database that enforces controlled vocabularies from external databases and eliminates duplication. The system should be able to read, write, and edit entries in a database. The system should display papers that have been and are yet to be annotated, as well as support database-driven machine learning that scores papers for minimotif content, paper sorting, and paper filtering. The system should also have the capability to track annotations from multiple annotators. Finally, the system should be capable of accepting the fine-grained information content of minimotifs, in a structured and comprehensive manner.
Despite advances in management and mining of scientific literature, no tool existed that met the requirements we required for accurately annotating minimotif data. For example, each of the existing annotation tools such as MIMAS, Textpresso and Biorat only addresses a subset of the above requirements [14–16].
In this paper, we describe MimoSA, a Mi nimo tif S ystem for A nnotation designed for managing and facilitating minimotif annotation. MimoSA allows for minimotif-centric analysis of PubMed abstracts and annotation of minimotifs. MimoSA's contents are entirely database driven, thus enabling its adaption as an annotation tool for other information spaces that require extraction of information from the primary literature.
We present the generalizable architecture and implementation of MimoSA, an application, which allows minimotif annotations to be entered, reviewed, edited, approved by multiple users, and disseminated through the publically-available MnM web application. We also describe a generalizable paper-scoring algorithm and its implementation for ranking papers that contain minimotifs. By embedding this methodology into MimoSA, PubMed abstracts can be scored and associated papers can be ranked based on the presence of minimotif information content.
MimoSA was developed in Java http://java.sun.com and interfaced with a MySQL database http://www.mysql.com using the Hibernate object-relational mapper http://www.hibernate.org. MimoSA was built to interface with the MnM relational database, which has been expanded to include the ability to store information about papers to be annotated and the relationships between minimotif annotations and their source papers [7]. The graphical user interface (GUI) was developed using Swing http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/uiswing. Supporting applications used for offline data processing were also developed in Java. These applications identify new keywords and terms used to highlight text in the abstract display window and download content and metadata from PubMed for papers added into the system. For these features, we have relied extensively on the PubMed Application Programming Interface (API) and Remote Procedure Call (RPC) library.
Unlike other annotation and text mining systems, the data artifacts produced by MimoSA are accessible by an API, which is syntax-driven and strongly typed. This allows for high-precision annotation of articles that is not coupled to any one data repository. Thus, MimoSA may easily be configured, for example, to save annotations to an XML document or text file by simply modifying the data access layer implementation.
The generality of the MimoSA application enables its adaptation to other databases and other knowledge domains. This was a consideration made during the development of MimoSA, so as to more broadly enable adaption to other bioinformatics projects.
MimoSA prototype design
The primary function of MimoSA is to support the process of annotating functional minimotifs and their metadata from the primary literature. Secondary functions include minimizing user errors and data redundancy, improving annotation efficiency through techniques such as automated motif/activity/target suggestions, and aiding in the identification of papers containing minimotif content through a machine learning-based ranking system. MimoSA features distinct components and algorithms, which streamline these processes.
The components of MimoSA can be broken up into three functional categories: MnM database management tools, minimotif annotation tools, and paper management tools. Descriptions of each component follow.
The minimotif annotation tools consist of the Minimotif Annotation Form, the Abstract Viewer, and the Protein Sequence Validator. Multiple forms can be displayed at once. On the Minimotif Annotation Form, there is a "clone" function, which opens a new instance of the form pre-filled with all of the minimotif-syntactical attributes except the minimotif's sequence and position. This is intended to facilitate more efficient annotation of high-throughput papers for minimotif discovery (e.g. phage display), where several attributes of a minimotif are varied in a controlled fashion, thus generating a broad landscape of similar minimotifs with subtle variations [17, 18].
Another component that assists annotators is the Protein Sequence Validation function (Fig. 3B). Once an accession number has been entered, the protein sequence is automatically retrieved from a local version of public databases such as NCBI and displayed in the Protein Sequence Window. Once loaded, the position of the minimotif in the protein sequence is bolded. This ensures that the minimotif is indeed present in the selected protein.
Paper tracking status definitions
not reviewed
For papers that have not yet been received.
Reviewed no minimotifs
For papers that were reviewed and do not contain minimotifs.
reviewed for some minimotifs
For papers that were reviewed, but for which not all of the minimotifs from the paper have been annotated.
reviewed for all minimotifs
For papers that were reviewed and and for which all minimotifs have been annotated.
group review
For papers with questionable interpretation that require discussion by the annotation group.
no electronic version
For papers for which an electronic version is not available.
minimotif present but not annotated
For papers that have a minimotif, but have not yet been annotated.
Modification of the minimotif miner data model and syntax
In order to better exploit MimoSA's functionality and facilitate unambiguous and accurate annotation, we recognized that some changes to the model we previously presented were required [7]. Our minimotif syntax defined the motif source as the protein that contains the minimotif. However, a consensus minimotif definition such as [RK]xx[RK] can have multiple occurrences in a minimotif source so we needed to specify a position for the first minimotif residue relative to the protein sequence start position in the corresponding sequence file specified by a protein sequence accession number. Another change we considered is that experiments, which contribute to minimotif definitions may either use peptides or full length proteins. We think it is important to specify this as an attribute since the two sources represent very different chemical entities. Finally, we have started using PSI-MOD and GO controlled vocabularies for indicating activities and post-translational modifications of minimotifs.
Identification of papers with minimotif content
The MnM database contains many papers that were previously annotated for minimotif content, but many more papers have yet to be annotated. PubMed contains well over 19 million abstracts of scientific papers. Only those papers that have minimotif content are useful for annotation. Our first approach to pare down the paper list used keyword searches to identify papers, which were likely to contain minimotif content; however, this approach was not efficient. Therefore, we developed new strategies and an efficiency metric for the evaluation and comparison of these strategies (see Additional File 1).
We initially evaluated six general strategies: Keywords/Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), date restriction, forward and reverse citations, authors with affiliations, and minimotif regular expressions. A detailed description of the strategies and results are presented in Additional File 1. These strategies were evaluated using a Minimotif Identification Efficiency (MIE) score, which is defined as the percentage of papers that contain minimotifs. Collectively, these strategies provided a list of approximately 120,000 abstracts, of which ~30% were expected to contain minimotifs based on extrapolation.
Design and training of the TextMine algorithm that scores papers for minimotif content
We wanted to score and rank these papers as a means to better identify the ~30% that contain minimotifs and develop a strategy for scoring all PubMed papers that can be used for future maintenance of the MnM database. To rank papers for minimotif content, we designed the Paper Scoring (PS) algorithm and trained the algorithm using structured data for defined paper sets in the MnM database.
The basic problem of interest can be stated as follows: given a research article (or an abstract), automatically rank the article by its likelihood of containing a minimotif. We used a subset of papers as a training set for training the PS algorithm. Each article in a research article collection A, which is used for training, is read by hand and given a score of either 0, indicating that the paper does not contain minimotifs, or 1, indicating that the paper has at least one minimotif. A similar algorithm has been employed to characterize unknown microorganisms [19]. A crucial difference between the PS algorithm and that of Goh, et al., is that the PS algorithm provides an ordering of the papers instead of using a filter threshold.
The workflow for this phase consists of the following steps: We start with disjoint sets P, N, and T of abstracts, which are positive, negative, or not reviewed for minimotif content, respectively. Let W be the ordered term vector found by taking all significant words (e.g. words like "the", "of", "new" etc., that have no discriminatory value between P and N) from the documents of sets P and N. For each word w in W and each article a in P we divide the number of instances of w by the size of a: this is the enrichment of w in a. Then, we sum these enrichments over all P and divide by the size of P to obtain an overall enrichment of w. We repeat this over set N, and subtract the result from wp to arrive upon a "score" for word w, which ranges from -1 to 1. Higher values indicate more positive association with minimotif content. We now have a vector of decimal "scores", which has the same dimension as W, with one entry per term in the term vector. Call this vector S.
- 1)
Scan through the paper (or abstract) to count how many times each word w of W occurs in this article.
- 2)
Construct a vector v of all values from (1) in which the order corresponds with S.
- 3)
Compute the correlation between v and S and obtain a Pearson's correlation coefficient pc for each paper. If X and Y are any two random variables, then the Pearson's correlation coefficient between X and Y is computed as where μ X is the expected value of X, μ Y is the expected value of Y, σ X is the standard deviation of X, and σ Y is the standard deviation of Y.
- 4)
Thus, we have now computed a "score" of the article, which is the Pearson's correlation coefficient between the scored words from the training set W and respective enrichments of those words in the article n.
The Paper Scoring (PS) algorithm's pseudo code is provided in the Additional File 1. The correlation coefficients for the lexemes range from -1.000 to 1.000. This score positively correlates with the presence of minimotif content, as expected.
Paper ranking and evaluation of the paper scoring algorithm
The algorithm above is packaged as an independent application, TextMine, which can be used in conjunction with MimoSA (or as a standalone open source java application which can be integrated with any annotation or analysis pipeline). For the test set, we selected 91 new articles, which we determined to either have or not have minimotif content and were disjoint from the training sets. The basis for all testing of the TextMine application was derived from correlations of TextMine scores to this set.
The TextMine website and package provides a test data set which reproduces our analysis for a set of test papers. The current version of MimoSA, utilized for MnM annotation, uses scores from TextMine calculated for 120,000 abstracts for paper sorting.
Paper scoring algorithm and training set size
Larger training set sizes (negative, positive) modestly improve algorithm performance
Negative Papers
Positive Papers
Paper Score
For use in testing TextMine's performance relative to the size of the training set the application package includes an iteration module, which allows for specification of the sizes of positive and negative training sets (this iteration package generated the data in Table 2). We recorded the performance for incrementally increased training set sizes, and noted that as the number of either positive or negative training documents increased, a modest performance improvement was observed. The performance of the algorithm is determined by the correlation coefficient between the calculated scores, between -1 and 1, and an actual score, between 0 and 1.
The table indicates that large increases in the number of positive training articles were comparable to small increases in the number of negative training articles, ultimately showing that both had modest increases in value with set size. A positive correlation coefficient between positive or negative training size and the algorithm performance was observed (0.52 and 0.46, respectively). The correlation score between TextMine scores and the training set scores showed modest increases with size (ranging from 0.59 to 0.66 when using 40 negative and 400 positive abstracts).
Because the general utility of this algorithm far exceeds the field of minimotif annotation, we have released TextMine as a stand-alone application that is cross-platform and database-independent.
We have built an application that facilitates annotation of minimotifs from the primary literature, which we are currently using to populate a more comprehensive MnM minimotif database. The application scores a set of papers for minimotif content. In principle, the TextMine score can be used to score all PubMed abstracts for minimotif content and can be used in the future for maintaining the database. As text mining algorithms increase in proficiency and scope, it may be possible to use a large, MimoSA-curated set of minimotif-containing papers as a training set for automatically detecting minimotif definition sentences and phrases in papers by machine learning approaches.
The implementation of the paper scoring algorithm as a SQL stored procedure in MimoSA automates its execution and is amenable to further machine learning development. A static algorithm would have required a word or file list as input and require manual merging of results into the database. One limitation of the TextMine application is that it does not directly control for type biasing. That is, depending on the training set, we expect that there is some risk of "weighting" words heavily to bias previously seen content types. Instead of controlling for this automatically, TextMine outputs the scores of all calculated words so as to enable user inspection of how their training set influences the algorithm. This allows for informed adjustments to the training set on a case-by-case basis.
Although MimoSA was developed primarily for Minimotif annotation, the PS algorithm for scoring content in papers has broader applications. In consideration of its potential use, we have implemented it as a separate program, TextMine. For other annotation purposes, correlation scores for individual words from a training set of articles already known to either contain, or not-contain, the desired information are calculated. This results in a rank order for several thousands of words. For each single article, the PS algorithm then calculates a Pearson's Correlation Coefficient between two large linear sets: the score of each word in the aforementioned dictionary, and the corresponding enrichment of that word in the article's title and abstract. Despite the broad range of semantic methodologies for communication of peptide minimotif information, we still observed significant differentiation of the paper rankings when applied to the minimotif content papers.
The MimoSA application interfaces with a normalized model of minimotif function, facilitating non-redundant annotation of minimotifs. The MimoSA user interface combines a set of features that facilitate annotation; including the browsing, sorting, creation, and modification of minimotif annotation entries. Additionally, interactive paper selection, a database driven Minimotif Annotation Form and literature browser, minimotif attribute based markup and highlighting of abstracts, the display of minimotif positions in protein sequences, and minimotif publication scoring and status tracking. MimoSA also features an adaptive, database-driven paper-ranking strategy that can be used to rank papers for minimotif content, which, when combined with the paper tracking module, represents an adaptive approach to literature scoring and content rating. The layered architecture, generalizable data model of minimotif functionality, and database driven application components enable MimoSA to be readily adapted for other molecular annotation projects.
Availability and Requirements
Project name: Minimotif System for annotation
Project home page: mimosa.bio-toolkit.com, textmine.bio-toolkit.com
Operating system(s): Platform independent
Programming language: Java
Other requirements: MySQL 5.0 or higher, Java Virtual Machine 1.6 or higher,
License: Open Source
Any restrictions to use: This paper must be referenced in any publication that uses MimoSA or TextMine, or any application that is developed based on these core applications.
We thank the National Institutes of Health for funding (GM079689, AI078708 to MRS and GM083072 to MRG). We would like to thank members of the Minimotif Miner team for suggestions in preparation of this manuscript.
Authors' Affiliations
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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I woke up thinking about this great song that was written by Dave Alvin. Here is a video of him playing it with his new band the Guilty Women. It is one of my favorites Alvin songs. If you haven't heard it already, you should check out his new album called Dave Alvin and the Guilty Women. It is excellent.
I first heard this song on Robert Earl Keen's album Picnic. It is definitely one of Robert's best covers. I always enjoy hearing him play it live. This is what it sounds like:
Forth of July
Hope everyone has a great 4th.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Depression is a mental state; a state where a person feels very low. This can happen to anyone at anytime, most probably when things are not moving in life as per ones desire. But this natural feeling in person should not stay for long as such a sad state of mind will have a very adverse effect on the way things move in ones life. Anxiety is a state where all negative feelings developed makes person have irrational fear of particular situation or object. Anxiety further develops depression as person is not able to come out of the developed insignificant fear. To avoid anxiety is the best way to help overcome depression. Here are few simple actions that will make you fight depression with vigor.
As laughing is the best medicine, you should be aware of the fact that just laughing has an amazing power of releasing the developed stress and hence overcoming depression; in no time you will feel better. Laughing alone is not always possible. The best way to feel enlightened is by interacting with the person that is close to you and one who understands you. Things will move in correct direction once you are in company of people who make you happy.
Good music to ears has a very soothing effect to lessen anxiety. You will clam yourself and will have better feeling. Getting involved into good music will divert your negative thoughts and that's what is required in overcoming depression. At times dancing to the tunes will help you eliminate depression.
Doing some work to divert your mind will make you decrease anxiety. This will prevent you from going into depression. The work can be anything from cleaning to riding a bicycle to saying hello to the neighbors. All it is required is to get out the gloomy phase of your thoughts.
It's said that when things are not moving your way, its better to pray for Almighty's help. Prayers will make your mind stable and positive. To come out of depression requires bringing positive thoughts in mind.
Beat the depression before it creeps and stays with you. That can be done most effectively by few productive activities. In short depression can be taken head on not by staying in isolation without doing any activity but by changing mood with any thing that brings spark in your life.


text:
This is a blog post from my brother Craig. PLEASE READ!!!
I'm gonna end up asking you for money.... so look forward to that!
My Dad, Denny Tovey (see the Awesome! gentleman to the left), was diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) last Friday. Good news is he has been at the UC San Francisco hospital since then and is already undergoing chemotherapy. He is otherwise very healthy for his age and for his type of leukemia there's a 90% chance he will recover completely, which is really great news for us. He'll spend 30 days for his first round of treatment and return for several more stays over the following 6 months. This came to our family, like so many before us, as a huge shock. No family ever sits around going:
"You know, I have a feeling Dad's gonna get cancer."
"Weird! I thought the same thing! What type, do you think?"
"I'm not a betting man, but if I were, I'd put odds on Leukemia. It's a real sneaky cancer and that's the only way it would get to someone like Dad, cause he's always, like, really... aware! You know?"
"Yeah, like the time he just knew it was me that touched the thermostat! How could he possibly know that?! But he was right... I did. It was so damn cold in that house!"
Anyway, my Dad, Denny, that is, is an auto mechanic by trade. Last summer he closed down his shop after like 30 yrs of business, due to a recently increased economic influence. So he's unemployed and has no insurance. He should be eligible for medical, but that doesn't cover all his monthly living expenses (which luckily are fairly low since he's very frugal) or the ancillary expenses involved in being hospitalized. His wife Becky pays $24/day just to park at the hospital, for example. I'm sure ALL of you know or have known someone who has had a major illness and understand the financial stress that comes from being hospitalized. His Bishop asked him to reach out to friends and family for support and so I'm reaching out to you. So if anyone has a spare couple bucks and feels inclined.... please send a check to:
Denny Tovey
6433 Beechwood Dr.
Paradise, CA. 95969
I'm seriously thinking in the $10-$20 range... more if you're really, really rich. Needless to say, for ANY help I would be very grateful! A few years back my friend Brooke Barragan and I raised some money for a struggling single mother for Christmas. (That was Part I) My Dad was the single biggest contributor at $500. He is ALWAYS the one to offer time and money when someone's in need. I'm hoping that kind of karma will revisit him now that the roles are reversed.
And if you ever need someone to run, walk, or donate time or money to the cause of your choice, I'm totally on-board! Cause without cancer funds that research new treatments the outlook would NOT be as good as it is.
Thank you,
Thursday, June 17, 2010
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Posted by Nancy at 11:51 AM 2 comments
Tuesday, May 25, 2010
Deals to Meals
You have to check out this site. It's awesome! They have such great food storage tips and tricks. They give you the grocery deals for your area. Check it out: http://dealstomeals.blogspot.com
Posted by Nancy at 12:40 PM 0 comments
Monday, January 18, 2010
Family Pictures by my brother Craig
Aren't these so fantastic!!! We took these pictures the day after Halloween. They always turn out perfect! Thanks Craig :)
Posted by Nancy at 9:40 AM 3 comments
This boy LOVES snow!!
Posted by Nancy at 9:35 AM 1 comments
Friday, November 6, 2009
We took Preston to the ward Truck or Treat. Then off to trick or treat the neighborhood. Of course Pete couldn't just walk :) He had to put his snowplow light on the hood of our driving lawn mower and drive Preston around the neighborhood. It was actually pretty smart....everyone saw them and it was really safe. Preston loved going on a "tractor ride" around to get candy. He loved it this year for the first time. He loved wearing his "puppy suit". He was too cute.
Posted by Nancy at 6:02 PM 1 comments
3rd Birthday Party
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Monday, October 12, 2009
What a goof
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A bed and breakfast (or B&B) is a small lodging establishment that offers overnight accommodation and breakfast, but usually does not offer other meals. Typically, bed and breakfasts are private homes with fewer than 10 bedrooms available for commercial use.
In India, the government is promoting the concept of bed & breakfast.The government is doing this to increase tourism, especially keeping in view the expected demand for hotels during the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi.They have classified B&B in 2 categories - Gold & Silver B&B. All B&B will be approved by the Ministry of Tourism who will then categorize it as Gold or Silver based upon the pre-defined criteria.
We all share the pride of hosting Commonwealth Games 2010 in our great city Delhi. Along with this pride there are some concerns that we would like to share with you and address them with your active participation and support. One of these major concerns is the large number of guess we are expecting and limited hotel accommodations available for these tourists.
Towards this, Delhi Government has initiated Bed & Breakfast Scheme and this is where citizens having properties and facilities in Delhi will be lodging in tourist coming from abroad and other states as a paying guest within a regulated frame work. Of course, you will be gaining from the fee charged by the guests, so it is an added source of income as well. If you think you have suitable space and facility to run such an operation, we shall look forward to your participation.
For more details visit : http://delhitourism.nic.in/delhitourism/accommodation/bed_breakfast.jsp
BED & REAKFAST RESOURCES: - http://www.delhihelp.com/bed-and-breakfast-delhi-business-listing-98.aspx
Explore all questions ›


text: Been holding off on an iPad until you could put just the right two-line message on the back of it? Well, today's your day, as Apple is now finally offering free engraving for both the 3G and WiFi models just as it does with iPods -- and conveniently just in time for the holidays. That will change the shipping time from 24 hours to one to three business days, however, so make that message count.


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Some of you might be familiar with the idea of healing prayer, and others may not. The practice comes from James 5:14-15. James tells those who are sick to ask the leaders of the church to anoint him with oil and pray for the Lord to heal.
First, let me explain the oil. The oil is a symbol used throughout the Bible for someone being set apart by God (Ex 28:41), for the presence of the Holy Spirit (Luke 4:18; Acts 10:38; 2 Corinthians 1:21-22), and the sign of God's favor (Ps 45:7). By anointing a sick person with oil we are creating a tangible expression of faith: that the Holy Spirit would come on the person in a unique way to work the Father's healing power in Jesus' name. God is the one who heals, the oil is merely a symbol. Like all symbols, the oil points beyond itself to something greater. In this case the healing power of God through the Holy Spirit in the name of Jesus.
Second, why healing? When Adam and Eve sinned in Genesis 3 they opened Pandora's Box. In an excellent book on the subject of sin (called Not the Way It's Supposed to Be) Cornelius Plantinga compares sin to a parasite, a corrosive agent, and vandalism - among many other pictures. He says that "Sin is disruption of created harmony and then resistance to divine restoration of that harmony" (5). We tend to think that sin is just a particular act to avoid (for example, marital intimacy vs adultery). But, the biblical picture of sin is that of a foreign agent sabotaging every facet of existence. This is why we get sick and why we need glasses. It's why there is terminal cancer and seasonal allergies. All of creation is caught up in one great Civil War.
Healing is Part of the Kingdom of God
So, when God comes to redeem humanity he does not just address the soul. Isaiah the prophet described Jesus' ministry several hundred years before he came. In Isaiah 35:5-6 we're told that when God comes
This same idea is expanded in Isaiah 61 to include nearly every aspect of culture and creation.
When Jesus finally lands on the scene we're told that his ministry begins with a simple declaration: The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand (1:15). From there Mark 1:16-3:6 is story after story of Jesus healing thousands and delivering as many from demons. Each of the gospel writers will go to great lengths to make this connection between OT promises of the Kingdom and the ministry of Jesus (and later, the church). These instances of healing and deliverance are incredible. Yet, In his book on both Luke and Acts, New Testament scholar, Darrell Bock, says, "The important point is not so much the miracles themselves as what they portray (Luke 10:18-20). In Jesus' ministry, God is present, exercising power through the one he has sent. In Acts, Jesus' power is expressed through his appointed messengers, which shows that he has been raised and is active. The forces that oppose people meet their defeat and death through Jesus. He can deliver. In other words, physical salvation portrays spiritual salvation."
When we compare the Old Testament descriptions of God's Kingdom, the gospel's portrayal of Jesus' ministry and miracles as demonstrating the Kingdom of God. In his shorter book on the Kingdom of God, the late New Testament scholar, George Ladd said this,
Earlier in that same book on the subject of "eternal life" he says,
Healing is Offered through God's People
In Matthew 10:1 he gives this same ministry of healing and spiritual deliverance to the twelve disciples. Then in Luke 10 (chronologically after Matthew 10), Jesus assigns this work to seventy-two others. After the Holy Spirit comes to the whole church in Acts 2 healing is included in the work that God does through his people (3:1-10; 4:12-16; 8:4-7). By the time the book of James is written (c. mid-40's AD) this practice of healing prayer had become common enough practice for James to provide some direction to the rest of the church.
So, in summary, why healing? Because in Jesus the power of the age to come has become a real part of the Christian life and community. We pray for healing because we believe (1) that God wants to heal; (2) that healing can be part of the demonstration of God's Kingdom coming into the present time; (3) Jesus has extended this work to the church (specifically, James 5).


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You won't be charged for this service.
With its riverside views of Tower Bridge and close proximity to The City, Le Pont de la Tour has won a legion of fans since it was opened by Terence Conran back in 1991. Previously known for its classic French menu featuring favourites such as crêpes Suzette, new chef Julien Imbert has taken a more modern approach that reflects his experience as head chef at Jason Atherton's Michelin-starred City Social. While the Bar & Grill offers traditional French brasserie fare, the Restaurant now serves up elaborately plated, intricate dishes that draw on international influences and tap into current food trends. Witness cured salmon with miso mayonnaise and pickled cucumber or halibut with curry velouté. Our starter of smoked and pickled baby beetroot with blackcurrant was a well-judged blend of punchy flavours, while Gloucester Old Spot pork belly was perfectly paired with a smoked apple purée. Creative desserts such as lemon curd with thyme shortbread, meringue and liquorice ice cream are a highlight, while the lengthy wine list and smart service continue to impress. The changes to the format here weren't necessarily needed, but they are more than welcome.
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It's summer time already and for students, it's time to put those books away. For working moms and dads, I think it's time to file those untouched leaves and prepare for a relaxing summer getaway.
Here's a list of beach resorts in Bohol if you want to spend your summer vacation in Bohol Island. Most known beaches are situated in Panglao Island. I haven't been there but looking forward to visit the Island of Bohol one of this days.
Ananyana Beach Resort.
Alona Palm Beach Resort and Restaurant
Alumbung Resort.
Linaw Beach Resort and Restaurant.
Amarela Resort.
Panglao Island Nature Resort and Spa.
Panglao Tropical Villas Beach Resort.
Bohol Sea Resort.
Lost Horizon Beach Resort
Pyramid Beach Resort and Restaurant.
Bita-Ug Beach Scuba Diving Resort & Hotel
Isis Bungalows
La Estrella Beach Resort
Paragayo Resort
Anda Beach Resort
I can't give any reviews about the beach resorts since I haven't gone to one of those resorts. I just gather this list for our future vacations.
Enjoy your summer!!! 🙂


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Vegan sugar free polenta custard
In summer, it is great to enjoy refreshing desserts, and polenta custard is ideal to fight the heat. Polenta is very handy for summer, it is slightly refreshing and you Leer más →
In summer, it is great to enjoy refreshing desserts, and polenta custard is ideal to fight the heat. Polenta is very handy for summer, it is slightly refreshing and you Leer más →
Carrot and sweet potato sticks in a perfect combination to enjoy any time. They taste so good, you won't know whether to keep them for dinner or have them as Leer más →
Lentils are one of the best sources of vegetable protein that you can choose, but we often get tired of eating them stewed. If you haven't tried them as a Leer más →
If you like chocolate and coconut… Why not combine both in the same bar?… These chocolate and coconut bars combine the sweetness of the coconut with the bitterness of the Leer más →
Enjoy the pleasure of sweetness… hazelnut chocolates… without sugar or milk… but amazingly tasty… don't say anything… nobody will tell the difference !! Ingredients: 1 cup toasted hazelnuts (about 150 Leer más →
Yesterday, unexpectedly I had 4 people for tea …. and nothing prepared to offer … Since there were children in the group, it thought I could prepare some crepes… they are Leer más →
Seeds are one of the most nutritious and medicinal foods you can incorporate into your daily diet. Helen Jeans in his book Grains, nuts and seeds, described them as "miniature Leer más →
Want to prepare something special for your Valentine? Who does not like chocolate? Try these quick and easy to make truffles… you'll just… love them!! Ingredients: 150 grams of dark Leer más →
A simple and quick recipe that will surely please everyone. Ideal and practical for this Christmas. You can have it prepared in advance and serve it with home made sesame Leer más →
This homemade sesame bars are great to accompany spreads and creams. You can also have them as a snack. And if you don't have a sweet tooth, you can even Leer más →


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A new genomic resource may help scientists identify and validate risk factors for ALS. The compendium, published in January 2017 in Genomics Research, includes exome sequencing and C9orf72 genotyping analysis of frozen brain tissue donated by families of more than 1450 patients with neurodegenerative diseases including 220 people with ALS/FTD (Keogh et al., 2017). Clinical and pathological information is also available. The resource also includes genomic analysis of more than 350 controls without significant neuropathology for evaluating potential genetic risk factors for the disease. The brain tissue is available for further investigation by application to researchers worldwide.
The genomic resource, developed by MRC's UK Brain Bank Network, may help researchers deduce whether multiple mutations contribute to the onset of ALS (see November 2014 news). This disease mechanism, known as oligogenicity, may underlie at least some forms of ALS including C9orf72, the most common form of the disease.
Keogh MJ, Wei W, Wilson I, Coxhead J, Ryan S, Rollinson S, Griffin H, Kurzawa-Akanbi M, Santibanez-Koref M, Talbot K, Turner MR, McKenzie CA, Troakes C, Attems J, Smith C, Al Sarraj S, Morris CM, Ansorge O, Pickering-Brown S, Ironside JW, Chinnery PF. Genetic compendium of 1511 human brains available through the UK Medical Research Council Brain Banks Network Resource. Genome Res. 2017 Jan;27(1):165-173. [PubMed].
Further Reading:
van Blitterswijk M, van Es MA, Hennekam EA, Dooijes D, van Rheenen W, Medic J, Bourque PR, Schelhaas HJ, van der Kooi AJ, de Visser M, de Bakker PI, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH. Evidence for an oligogenic basis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet. 2012 Sep 1;21(17):3776-84 [PubMed].


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Memo: Text in red-colored font are hyperlinks.
Christian Russia and Vladimir Putin : The New Enemy of the Pharisees?
These titles focus on a village in Portugal called Fatima, back in-time, one-hundred years ago to the events of October 13, 1917.
This article highlights extremely important and very recent developments/revelations, that the so-called Western news media refuses to address:
Review of a May 2016 presentation by the esteemed Bishop Richard Williamson is below. He discusses the events of October 13, 1917 Fatima, and relates this to an inquiry made upon the Vatican in Rome by the president of Christian Russia, Vladimir Putin :
But before we transcend above the earthy clay, lifting our hearts, minds and ears to the Divine, we must soil ourselves with that clay. We must burden our souls with a knowledge of those that have misled others into worshiping the clay, rather than Divinity. This burden will take us on a whirlwind tour of Washington DC, Moscow, Vatican City in Rome and, ironically, Jerusalem in so-called "Holy Land."
For those not familiar with Fatima and the events of October 13, 1917, please see my prior article, The Pharisees of the Vatican.
The Talmudic War Drums Against Christian Russia
The most insidious, but representative portion of what the clay worshipers "contribute," are words and deeds that they use to trick and commit average humans into the most ungodly of earthy activity: All-out War.
The loudest war drums are directed at Russia . . . not merely Russia, but Christian Russia. This is not trivial, it is not coincidence. Russia and its "errors" were dramatically foretold to the world by the Divine, through the children of Fatima, on October 13, 1917:
The Date of October 13, 2017 is of Urgent Concern: The Centennial of Fatima
One hundred years earlier, in the town of Fatima, Portugal, the three children pictured above were directed to warn of dire consequences for failing to heed a request made by Our Lady and Heaven itself. That request was:
The Consecration of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, the Mother of Jesus
The request from Mary, as stated to the three children, specified that on a special day the consecration to Her heart should be made by the Pope, cardinals and bishops . . . but the request was very narrow and very specific. The consecration was not to be an arm-waving generalization to the whole world. The vile excuse spewed by the Pharisees of the Vatican, a tribe dominated by Freemasonry, is the lie that the request has been fulfilled because a prior ceremony "included Russia."
Our Lady requested a consecration directed-at and focused upon Russia ONLY; not some arm-waving, ambiguous, Vatican PR stunt about "the whole world."
For background on Freemasonry, see discussion here. As you view that discussion please take note of who had previously shunned and banned the filth of Freemasonry (in the post-Fatima 1930s) from their nation!
The May 2016 presentation by Bishop Williamson reviews the inquiry that President Putin attempted, and the satanic rebuff he endured at the hands of The Pharisees of the Vatican, regarding the Heavenly request made at Fatima; as Bishop Williamson calls it, "The key to modern history."
Fatima is not the first time in world history that Heaven deployed children . . .
Fatima is not the first time in history that Heaven deployed children in an effort to retrieve souls tricked into worshiping the clay. Although modern-day worship of the clay is convoluted and veiled to the point of being unrecognizable as such, its practice, notoriously by the israelite, predates the birth of Jesus. The Book of Jeremiah, chronicles the forewarning offered by Heaven through a mere child in 538 BC (KJV):
"You say to a thing of clay, you are my Father? The Lord God says 'I am full of anger. And I cannot hold it back. My anger and my fury shall fall upon this place. On man. On beast. On trees. On crops. Because you have disobeyed me, I will send the king of Babylon against you. I shall utterly destroy you. And this whole land will be desolation and horror. And you shall be slaves in Babylon . . .'"
Exactly as predicted, the lands surrounding Jerusalem were overrun by the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar, and the israelites were exiled to become slaves in Babylon.
Ironically, given the vile present-day warmongering against Iran, after this tribulation in Babylon, it was the Persian King Cyrus II that freed the israelites, allowing them to return to the lands around Jerusalem. (NIV reading here.)
SATAN : The Original Worshiper of the Clay
As you might expect, the original clay worshiper extraordinaire, the devil himself, is putting every effort into ensuring that the date of October 13, 2017 passes, and the Fatima request remains unfulfilled . . . this would be a major victory for Hell, and a great humiliation for the Father in Heaven.
But not being in the flesh, at least not yet, Satan must once again deploy those that are of the earthly flesh and, by default, hate the name Jesus; a hatred most deeply satisfied when, once again, the satanic "contribute" to humanity's descent into all-out war.
"We do not talk here about Fatima!"
Time is short, and at this point, Satan and his earthy brethren have succeeded; the Vatican remains not merely disobedient but, as you heard from Bishop Williamson, openly defiant to the Immaculate Heart of Mary. Some preliminary questions:
What is the specific identity of Satan's earthly tricksters and hoaxers?
As a matter of historical record we ask: Are they known for instigating war after war after war, and notoriously known for boasting about their benefiting from such?
Are they currently beating the drums for war?
Against Christian Russia?
And specific to Fatima, are they beating the drums for war, using excuse after excuse for such, with a focus for war against Christian Russia?
The war mongers are members of the same tribe that destroyed Mother Russia, and are now blaming Christian Russia for loss of the United States presidency by their sayan candidate:
Not only are Clinton rants directed-at Christian Russia, but she is especially focused on its current leader, the baptized Vladimir Putin. Before viewing the two-minute video, How Putin Celebrates Christmas, some review items:
America, which is now run by the same spirit that murdered Mother Russia during the time of Fatima, is in deep and rapid decline on all levels.
In stark contrast, Russia under Mr. Putin, continues to wean itself from the "contribution" of atheistic jews and other satanic Soviet era stench, and is in economic recovery, Russian traditions revival, and spiritual ascent.
When Mary, the Mother of Jesus, said to the children of Fatima on October 13, 1917 that Russia would spread her "errors throughout the world," She also meant that the Talmudic Bolsheviks, originally funded by the moneychanger Jacob Schiff, would come to America . . . they're here!
Regarding the identity of those that are beating the drums for war against Christian Russia, are they the same stench that are beating the war drums against Christmas itself?
Have the spiritual roles of the USA and Russia been reversed? Have the "errors" of Soviet Russia been transferred to Secular America?
With this state-of-affairs in mind, let us now review the following video:
Our Lady of Fatima, 1917-2017 – What is Significant About One Hundred Years?
In Rianjo, Spain in August 1931, Jesus told Sister Lucia, the oldest and only living child of the three at Fatima, of His dissatisfaction with the Vatican; its failure to obey the request to consecrate Russia:
"Make it known to My ministers, given that they follow the example of the King of France in delaying the execution of My requests, they will follow him into misfortune. It is never too late to have recourse to Jesus and Mary.
They did not wish to heed My request. Like the King of France they will repent of it, and they will do it, but it will be late. Russia will have already spread its errors in the world, provoking wars and persecutions against the Church. The Holy Father will have much to suffer."
Like the King of France? They will follow him into misfortune? What was Jesus referring to?
On June 17, 1689 Jesus spoke to Saint Margaret Mary Alacoque. He commanded her to tell the Kings of France that, one of them, was to consecrate France, and only France, to His Sacred Heart. For 100 years to the day the Kings of France ignored the intersession offered by Jesus through Saint Alacoque.
Approximately 100 years later, in early 1789, the Freemasons instigated the now infamous French Revolution . . . the carnage, and an equivalent 'desolation and horror' lasted ten years.
But . . . on June 17, 1789, exactly 100 years later to the day, the King of France Louis XVI was dethroned and stripped of all authority. Four years later French solders executed the King of France as if he were a common criminal. In 1793 France sent King Louis XVI to the guillotine. King Louis XVI and his predecessors had failed to obey Our Lord. France, to this day, has never been consecrated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, and horrific misfortune continues to befall that country.
Sister Lucia, the older of the three children of Fatima, who had been singled out by Our Lady as surviving into old age, had zero higher education! She was not a student of history, let alone a college graduate. So it should be emphasized . . . in August 1931, when Sister Lucia was told "Make it known to My ministers . . . the King of France . . . they will follow him into misfortune" she had no idea of the centennial historical event that Jesus was referring to! Nevertheless, until her death on February 13, 2005, she continued to warn of the consequences of disobeying the Heavenly request made by Mary, the Mother of Jesus. A simple request made at a small village in Fatima, Portugal . . . on October 13, 1917 . . . nearly 100 years ago:
A personal speculation . . . one that responds to the following questions . . . Upon expiration of the 100 year deadline on October 13, 2017, and assuming a papal failure to fulfill the request of Fatima (the consecration of Russia only), we must ask: What is the source of the upcoming horror, and what is the location of that horror as these relate to Fatima? Can we look to the past for a pattern?
It is written that the Heavenly Father said, "I am not the author of confusion."
So I ask, Why would Heaven change its pattern? In 17th century France, the source was the satanic Freemasons (a jewish organization.) And the location was the venue that had missed its 100 year deadline: France. The pattern: The location is where Heaven makes its request, but the earthly source of the horrors, the ones that carry out Hell's fury, are those that souls that openly reject and denounce the name Jesus . . . the Freemasons are one example.
Let us therefore indulge in a speculation that is consistent with the history of disobedience to requests for consecration. A history that is wrought with humanity's abject stupidity. A history of humanity forfeiting the Divine blessing of intercession (which has repeatedly postponed or canceled the wrath of the Father which is exacted against our rebellion and sinfulness) by the Son of the Father, Jesus, the Messiah of all.
As the centennial of Fatima approaches, October 13, 2017, the location of the venue for Fatima is obvious: the Vatican in Rome. But is the source of the upcoming horror still the Freemasons? Is my question just the speculation of a Jesus-zealot? Am I just an "anti-semite"? Or is there very recent, current day evidence that my questions and speculations have merit?
Enter, pictured here, the Talmudic knucklehead, Professor Martin Van Creveld of Hebrew University in Jerusalem, the so-called Holy Land:
"We possess several hundred atomic warheads and rockets and can launch them at targets in all directions, perhaps even at Rome. Most European capitals are targets for our air force. Our armed forces, however, are not the thirtieth strongest in the world, but rather the second or third. We have the capability to take the world down with us. And I can assure you that that will happen before Israel goes under."
Dutch weekly: Elsevier, 2002, no. 17, p. 52-53, April 27th, 2002.
Perhaps even at Rome? So, the descendants of the jew Freemason mobsters of 17th century France, who are now in the "Holy Land," are armed with nuclear weapons . . . and have openly declared that such are pointed at the Vatican! The location is the Vatican, whose papacy remains in derision against Our Lady of Fatima. Like 17th century France, the Vatican has forfeited the protection of intercession. The source of the upcoming horror is the same as it was for 17th century France, the jews of Freemasonry. Mere speculation?
Let me speculate again. I am convinced that should the date of October 13, 2017 pass with Fatima unfulfilled, then the earthly path to Satan-in-the-flesh, the Anti-Christ, will be left unobstructed by the intercession of Heaven:
Additional Reading and Viewing materials:
Our Lady of Fatima-1917-2017: Why 100 Years Matters
Why Russia's Evangelicals Thank God for Putin
Russian Orthodox Church lends weight to Putin patriotism
Above I stated "America, which is now run by the same spirit that murdered Mother Russia during the time of Fatima." For a review of that spirit please view the following:


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Hello internet!
The year is 2015
Sure, I finally bid farewell to university, but it's hard to not give in to my existential crisis now that I am slowly creeping to being 24.
And you know, it's not like there's nothing wrong about being 24
I'll let that sink in.
Also, it's not just the existential crisis, it is also the constant struggle of choosing to do something I'm passionate about (which is yet to be known *sigh*) or this thing that I studied in uni which is slowly killing me (I am developing RSI on my wrists due to the long office hours - so I'm not exaggerating with the slowly killing me part.) I mean, you've spent 250,000+ dollars for your college education, so it makes sense to somehow put it into use, right?! Maybe not.
And now that I've made you all question your life choices (anyone?), what you should all know is that you are probably not the only one feeling the feelings you're feeling right now (so much feels.) And I don't know about you, but I hope knowing that comforts you, even by a tiny bit.
Mistakes are bound to be made and we should all see the new year as a new start. A blank paper. An empty plate. Imagine that all the mistakes, the challenges you're about to face, as well as the awesome heart-warming goodness that are waiting around the corner are the chicken and mashed potatoes and the oven-roasted veggies that you're about to pile on said plate. Each on their own will feel like it's missing something else, but together, it'll make you wonder why you don't eat them all the time
So, lets all welcome 2015 with an open heart and know that even though you're unsure of what it may hold for you, you are not on your own. Everyone is just as lost (ok, maybe not everyone - I mean look at Hannah :/) and everyone is just as worried about what they're doing. So be gentle with yourselves and set resolutions you can actually fulfil and feel good with! Do your best and we'll be back here in 2016 wondering why did we even worry in the first place.
Until next time.
Song I'm listening to: Weightless - All Time Low
If I could just find the time, then I would never let another day go by / I'm over getting old / Maybe it's not my weekend, but it's gonna be my year


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The First Step to a Happier Life
A few months ago, I was checking out this article based on a study on happiness. It offered several suggestions on how to live a happier life. There was one suggestion that intrigued me. It was super simple. The fragrance of vanilla is often associated with happiness. It enhances sensations of joy and relaxation. With that, I decided to take the plunge into my search for happiness not only in my personal self but also in my home. I started with a vanilla candle from Jackpot Candles.
First, I know, vanilla candles are the first step to happiness? You might be thinking that Silly Sara really does sum it all up. But, think about this, you guys.
When you have had a long day and you want to relax, do you light a candle? That is one of the first things I do once my kids are sleeping. It softens the atmosphere of any room and it smells nice! The gentle flickering of the flame seems to soothe my weary soul. So, it just makes sense on my path to happy to light a few candles. If the scent of vanilla can help me with joy, happiness, and relaxation, then I am all for trying it.
Now, this is where Jackpot Candles makes a huge difference...
Imagine lighting a candle that helps you to chill and knowing that sooner or later a fun surprise is going to pop up in the melted wax? Imagine opening that little foil pack surprise to find a pretty ring, necklace or pair of earrings awaiting your discovery? I don't know about you but a pretty surprise always makes me smile. Smiling and happiness go hand in hand!
I really loved my experience with Jackpot Candles. My candle was shipped in a lovely jar, the fragrance was perfect. Simple. Vanilla. The candle burned evenly without the thick black smoke that some candles put off.
I have had a candle like this before, and I had to wait for a crazy amount of time to get the surprise. My Jackpot Candle experience was different. I burned the candle for about 5 or 6 hours when my surprise peeked out. I didn't have to wait for an eternity to get my jackpot! A week later, my candle is still going
strong! Only about half way burnt!
Every item of jewelry in a Jackpot Candle {100% soy, made in the USA and hand poured!} is valued between $15 and $5000. The jewelry comes with a little tag to help you appraise your Jackpot on the website.
Really it was a lot of fun! I found that the warm aroma of vanilla in my home really did help me to relax. When I can relax, I really am happier. When I am happy, everyone is happy. It kind of goes with that saying "Happy Wife Happy Life." If you want to be a happier wife, get her a Jackpot Candle. I, of course, vote for a Vanilla fragrance.
I got a really cute necklace in my Jackpot Candle. I have not appraised it yet, because I like it, regardless of how much it is worth!
12 comments:
I have seen these candles before and totally want to get one. What a fun idea they are.ReplyDelete
That is so fun! This is the adult equivalent of a prize at the bottom of the cereal box. I love it!ReplyDelete
I love Vanilla or Vanilla-based candles. It makes the home feel so much more homey when it smells like cookies or baking. MMmmmmm.ReplyDelete
That's such a cool idea. Will make you want to leave it burning for a long time to get to the prize!ReplyDelete
A few years ago I did Jewelry in Candles when they first started. It was a lot of fun jumping on board with a new company and having candles with fun surprises inside. I am glad you are loving your Jackpot Candle experience!ReplyDelete
My Daughter has been asking for one of these candles. Her friends have found nice jewelry in theirs. I will have to get one for her birthday.ReplyDelete
Although I do love staring into the flame of a candle I can't light one in my apartment due to my cat who just loves to swat things to the floor----however there are some candles that don't have to be lit to throw off an amazing scent-this sounds like it might be one of them! I'm not a fan of vanilla but I am sure there are scents that I would love-I will check them out.ReplyDelete
I love Jackpot candles! I got a few of these when they first came out. I love getting jewelry from candles. It's a lot of fun.ReplyDelete
I would love to check out those Jackpot candles. I am a jewelry fanatic. Your piece is gorgeous.ReplyDelete
I've always been a big fan of calming scents like Lavendar but the association of Vanilla with happiness is making me rethink that. I'm wondering if I should add some vanilla candles to the mix too!ReplyDelete
I have always loved scented candles. I think they make the whole house smell great and they do have a calming energy around them.ReplyDelete
I do love the scent of vanilla! It is relaxing and I would be happy with this candle and surprise too.ReplyDelete
twinkle at optonline dot net


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Paper Straws - Hot Pink Stripe
I'm pretty excited about the new paper straws available right now in the Pocket Carnival store. You probably already know that every drink looks better with a paper straw in it, and tastes so much more delicious!
Pastel Stripe Paper Straw Mix Pack, Hey Baby! Greeting Card 3-Pack, and Cotton Baker's Twine.
There are some bold & bright paper straws destined for your next cocktail, and some pastel packs that I reckon would be fun for mocktails at a baby shower, or post-school milkshakes.
25 Paper Straws - Teal Blue Stripe
Enjoy! We can't guarantee they'll make your drink taste nicer, but we absolutely can guarantee paper straws will make it prettier!
Stay tuned for a couple of delicious recipes you can pop those straws into and slurp away at.
x Penny
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How Does Renters Insurance Cover Personal Liability?
Find the Cheapest Renters Insurance Quotes in Your Area
Personal liability protection is one of three distinct coverages included in renters insurance policies. It covers the cost of a variety of incidents and damages that a renter could be responsible for, as well as the cost of a lawsuit filed against them. If you're a tenant, you should consider purchasing renters insurance as protection from the financial costs of these events. Below are examples of what renters personal liability protection will cover, as well as how the coverage itself works.
What Renters Insurance Personal Liability Covers
Renters insurance personal liability coverage pays for damages related to bodily injury and personal property when a policyholder is at fault or negligent. It covers a wide variety of incidents that might lead to a personal liability claim. Here are some examples of common liability claims.
Dog bites are among the most frequent personal liability claims. While a number of dog breeds are excluded from renters insurance coverage, most canines and other pets are covered by a renter's personal liability protection. In the event a dog bites a visitor, the owner might be liable for any resulting medical bills and damages. There are over 18,000 dog bite claims a year in the U.S. with an average cost per claim of approximately $35,000.
Slips and falls are probably what comes to mind when most people think of personal liability claims. Anything that might be considered a foreseeable risk—that you, a renter, has not remedied or warned guests about—is something you could be liable for. The liability portion of a renters insurance policy can cover this risk.
Swimming pool injuries and accidental drownings are frequently found to be the fault of the owner and are covered by personal liability coverage. Like trampolines, swimming pools are considered an attractive nuisance, meaning children are tempted to use it with or without permission.
This only applies to tenants renting a single-family home with a swimming pool. Renters who live in an apartment building, or any other community with a shared swimming pool, are not individually responsible for the pool. Similar to condo boards, the property management would be liable for a swimming pool accessible to all tenants.
Falling trees might also cause damage that a renter could be liable for. For renters in multi-unit buildings, this isn't something they personally need to worry about. But if you're renting a single-family home, you'd generally be responsible for upkeep of the rental property—that includes notifying your landlord of any potential hazards, such as a damaged or diseased tree. If a tree collapses and destroys a neighbor's home or personal property, the renter might be found negligent if they hadn't notified the property owner.
Intoxicated guests are a liability to a host. If you serve alcohol at your home, you can be held responsible for any harm that might occur to intoxicated guests, other parties, or any personal property stemming from their drinking. Personal liability protection will pay for bodily injuries, property damage or death benefits related to an incident.
Injured workers are also covered under a renter's personal liability protection. A number of different people could be defined as a worker and it is the responsibility of the renter to protect them from any foreseeable risks on their property. For example, if there is a hole or any other hazard in your garden, it's your responsibility to notify any hired help working in the garden of that hazard.
How Personal Liability Works in Renters Insurance Policies
The costs associated with third party liability claims or lawsuits can be high, which is why this part of renters insurance is so valuable. Renters insurance is affordable compared to the average cost of homeowners insurance and almost all renters policies come with at least $100,000 of liability protection.
Any renter who needs more protection should gather quotes from multiple renters insurance companies and compare the costs of higher liability limits. The small investment in a higher personal liability limit could be extremely beneficial, depending on an individual's risks and assets at stake. Without coverage, the costs to treat injuries, repair or replace property, and legal fees can easily reach a level that would be financially devastating to a renter. Some third party claims and lawsuits also seek money for lost wages due to an injury, if it caused the claimant to miss work or hurt their capacity to work in the future.
To cover those expenses, a renters insurance policyholder can file a "first party" liability claim with their insurance company. Most of these situations will unfold in the following steps.
The policyholder notifies their insurance company of a potential claim
Policyholders should notify their insurance company of a claim, or potential claim, as soon as "practicable" (or as possible). For example, if a visitor falls and is injured inside a renter's home, or a renter's dog bites someone, it is the responsibility of the tenant to tell their insurance company shortly after it happens—the same day or the next.
There is typically a window of days after an incident occurs that it must reported, otherwise a renter's personal liability claim can be denied. The exception to this would be if a renter was unaware of an injury in their home, or damage they caused, and did not know a lawsuit had been filed against them until well after the event took place.
The injured party files a claim or lawsuit
Once a renter notifies their insurance company, one of two things will happen: Either the party that was injured, or whose property was damaged, will file a "third party" claim with the renter's insurer, or they will file a lawsuit against the renter. In both cases, a renter's personal liability protection will pay for expenses and damages.
In both circumstances (a third party filing a claim or lawsuit against the renter) the damaged party must prove the tenant was responsible or negligent. Then, the damaged party must provide evidence of the expenses they incurred. Proof of their expenses might include medical records, bill receipts, lost wage verification, policy reports or witness statements to support the claim or lawsuit.
Generally, the money a renter's insurance company pays out is never seen by the policyholder. Insurance companies usually pay out a claim or settlement directly to the damaged party. Policyholders are not responsible for holding or delivering those funds.
Beyond providing the necessary information related to a case, cooperating with any investigation and possibly appearing in court, policyholders don't have to do much when it comes to personal liability claims.
When Is A Renter Considered Negligent?
Generally, a tenant is considered negligent if they fail to protect an invitee (someone invited into their home or apartment) from a foreseeable risk. For example, if they failed to clean up or warn a visitor of water on a slippery floor, and the visitor falls as a result, the tenant could be considered negligent.
Negligence is difficult to define because every circumstance involving a bodily injury or damage to personal property is different. In the case of water on the floor, there are many variables that might lead a judge or a majority of jurors to conclude a policyholder was negligent or not.
Incidents Excluded From Personal Liability Protection
A small list of things are excluded from personal liability protection of renters insurance. Although most dogs are covered by liability protection, certain dog breeds are excluded. In fact, some insurers won't even insure a tenant or homeowner who own certain breeds, such as pit bulls. It's a good idea to ask your insurer about their rules before purchasing a dog so they don't cancel or decide not to renew your policy. Additionally, if you happen to own an exotic pet—such as a reptile or monkey—it's also unlikely to be covered under your liability policy.
Trespassers are excluded from personal liability protection, meaning if they are injured on your property, they are not eligible to file a claim against you. If a burglar injures his or herself breaking into your home, your renters insurance is not going to cover their injuries. Intentional harm to others, whether it is a bodily injury or to their personal property, is also excluded from coverage. If a renter intentionally injures someone, their insurer is not going to help them cover those damages, as personal liability protection only extends to accidental injuries.
Renters insurance will not cover any damages caused by an automobile—that's what auto insurance is for—and it also won't cover any harm as a consequence of any professional services. For example, if someone operates a business in their home, their personal liability coverage will not cover any damages related to that business.
If any permanent inhabitants of a home injure one another or destroy each other's property, their renter's insurance personal liability won't cover those damages, either. Bodily injuries would fall under health insurance coverage and damage to belongings under the personal property protection of either renters or homeowners insurance.
Renters Insurance Liability And Home-Sharing
The personal liability protection of a renters insurance policy will generally cover any claims or lawsuits made by a home-sharing service guest. For example, if a renter temporarily leases their apartment using Airbnb and their visitor falls and injures his or herself, their personal liability protection would cover any affiliated expenses.
Home-sharing services also include liability insurance to protect a host in the event of a claim or lawsuit against them. Airbnb's Host protection Insurance offers up to $1 million per incident of primary liability protection in the event of third party claims.
There are some caveats to this coverage that renters need to understand. Airbnb's Host Protection Insurance, for example, does not cover a renter's personal personal property—in other words, it is not meant to take the place of renters insurance. Tenants still need a renters insurance policy.
To ensure your renters insurance company doesn't deny any claims or cancel your policy, make sure your home-sharing activity is compliant with your policy. In circumstances when a renter (or homeowner) are hosting visitors more than a certain numbers of days each year, or receiving more than $2,000 in annual revenue from temporary guests, the activity could be considered commercial and grounds for denying a claim.
Comments and Questions
Editorial Note: The editorial content on this page is not provided or commissioned by any financial institution. Any opinions, analyses, reviews, statements or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the author's alone, and may not have been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any of these entities prior to publication.


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Gardner family
Current location: El Progreso, Honduras
John and Rachelle first felt the burden to work in overseas children's ministry back in 2005. They began seeking different opportunities but God had a lot of growing and maturing for them before they were ready.
They were introduced to Hope of Honduras in 2014 on a mission trip and knew that this was the exact ministry that God has been preparing them for all along. After much prayer and a family survey trip back to Honduras, they surrendered to the Lord's will to be the house parents in the cottage. John separated from his career in the Air Force and moved his family to Hope Children's Home in Tampa, Florida. After 2 1/2 years of training and language tutoring, they arrived on the field in January 2018. They are currently caring for 17 Honduran children and are excited to see the ministry grow!
They are sent out by Calvary Baptist Church in Fort Walton Beach, Florida under the leadership of Pastor Mark Stevens.
JOHN & RACHELLE'S ANNIVERSARY: July 15,2006
• Birthday: October 13, 1984
• Snacks He Likes: Wheat Thins, Chewy Chips Ahoy, Mike n Ike's
• Interests: Baseball, Fishing, Mechanics, Texas Tech
• Birthday: March 13, 1986
• Snacks She Likes: Dry Roasted Peanuts, Soy Nuts, Reese's, Swedish Fish
• Interests: Running, Photography, Cooking, Fruity Scentsy
• Birthday: September 25,2007
• Snacks She Likes: Chocolate Granola Bars, Fruit Snacks, Skittles, Lollipops, Goldfish
• Interests: Reading, Playing outside, Coloring/Drawing, Anything princess
• Birthday: October 27,2009
• Snacks She Likes: Goldfish, Cheez-its, Gum, Fun Dip
• Interests: Anything Frozen, Doc McStuffins, Reading, Playing Dress Up
• Birthday: December 15, 2012
• Snacks She Likes: Fruit Snacks, M&M's, Juice, Crackers, Peanuts
• Interests: Reading Toddler Books, Frozen, Any outdoor activities, Mickey Mouse
• Birthday: June 24, 2015