text:
- Research Article
- Open Access
The impact of polymer coatings on magnetite nanoparticles performance as MRI contrast agents: a comparative study
© Khalkhali et al. 2015
- Received: 18 April 2015
- Accepted: 10 August 2015
- Published: 17 September 2015
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are the most commonly used negative MRI contrast agent which affect the transverse (T2) relaxation time. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of various polymeric coatings on the performance of magnetite nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents.
Ferrofluids based on magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized via chemical co-precipitation method and coated with different biocompatible polymer coatings including mPEG-PCL, chitosan and dextran.
The bonding status of different polymers on the surface of the magnetite nanoparticles was confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis confirmed the superparamagnetic behavior of all synthesized nanoparticles. The field–emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) indicated the formation of quasi-spherical nanostructures with the final average particle size of 12–55 nm depending on the type of polymer coating, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) determined inverse spinel structure of magnetite nanoparticles. The ferrofluids demonstrated sufficient colloidal stability in deionized water with the zeta potentials of −24.2, −16.9, +31.6 and −21 mV for the naked SPIONs, and for dextran, chitosan and mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs, respectively. Finally, the magnetic relaxivities of water based ferrofluids were measured on a 1.5T clinical MRI instrument. The r2/r1 value was calculated to be 17.21, 19.42 and 20.71 for the dextran, chitosan and mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs, respectively.
The findings demonstrated that the value of r2/r1 ratio of mPEG-PCL modified SPIONs is higher than that of some commercial contrast agents. Therefore, it can be considered as a promising candidate for T2 MRI contrast agent.
- Chitosan
- Dextran
- Zeta Potential
- Magnetite Nanoparticles
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the noninvasive powerful imaging techniques with very high spatial resolution that allows precise determination of the 3D shape for differentiate soft body tissue. In order to make an accurate diagnosis and improve the intrinsic contrast between normal tissues and lesions, there is a need to use exogenous contrast agents. Contrast agents in clinic are classified into two categories [1]. The most commonly used MRI contrast agents are those that reduce the longitudinal (T1) relaxation time and cause positive contrast enhancement based on the paramagnetic ions including chelate complexes of gadolinium (Gd3+) or manganese (Mn2+). Due to some toxicity issues related to gadolinium [2], nowadays, there is a growing interest in negative contrast agents based on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) affect the transverse (T2) relaxation time and cause darker state in the T2-weighted image wherever accumulate in tissue [3]. As compared to gadolinium compounds, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles show the advantages of tunable size and shape, as well as possibility of surface modification and more effectiveness at lower concentrations because of their superparamagnetic property [4]. The effectiveness of SPIONs can be limited by their high surface area to volume ratio which leads to an increase in surface energy and tendency to agglomeration. This phenomena consequently makes them recognized by the macrophage system and reduce their circulation time. To overcome this shortcoming, one approach is to modify nanoparticles surface with various surface stabilizing agents that ensure their stability, biodegradability, non-toxicity as well as prolonging their circulation time in vivo. Although surface modification is successful in prolonging the SPIONs circulation time in vivo, according to the Koening – Kellar model, they could also influence the longitudinal (r1) and transverse (r2) relaxivities characteristics of SPIONs as a result of change in size, composition, accumulation situation in the biological environment, magnetization, hydrophilicity and surface properties [5–7].
Recently, Xie et al. [8] have prepared superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), PEG/PEI (poly ethyleneimine) and PEG/PEI/Tween 80 by the thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 and investigated their in vivo MRI contrast effects in the mouse brains. The results showed different vascular imaging effects after 24 h intravenous injection of the synthesized ferrofluids. Ma et al. [9] explored SPION-based MRI contrast agents by a polyol method. SPIONs entrapped into albumin nanospheres and then folic acid as targeting agent was conjugated onto the surface of nanoparticles. The r2/r1 value of resultant ferrofluids was around 40 indicating a strong T2 shortening effect. Ahmad et al. [10] reported synthesis of chitosan-coated nickel-ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles by a chemical coprecipitation method. The coated nanoparticles were cylindrical in shape and were studied as both T1 and T2 contrast agents in MRI. The T1 and T2 relaxivities were 0.858 ± 0.04 and 1.71 ± 0.03 mM−1 s−1, respectively. In animal study, both a 25 % signal enhancement in the T1-weighted image and a 71 % signal loss in the T2-weighted image were observed. This result demonstrated chitosan-coated nickel-ferrite nanoparticles potential as both T1 and T2 contrast agents in MRI.
According to the literature [5], it is clear that by careful selection of different coatings on SPIONs, it is possible to provide significant improvement in magnetic resonance activity. The aim of this contribution was to prepare the ferrofluids based on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs) stabilized with various biocompatible polymer coatings such as dextran, chitosan and mPEG-PCL in order to elucidate the influence of the polymer type on the corresponding longitudinal (r1) and transverse (r2) relaxivities. SPIONs were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique, field–emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Finally T1 and T2 weighted phantom MRI images were obtained at a series of colloidal suspension of nanoparticles with different iron concentrations using 1.5 T MRI.
Materials and method
Ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2 · 4H2O), ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O), ammonium hydroxide, acetic acid, dextran (Mw ≈ 13–23 kDa), poly vinylalcohol (Mw ≈ 13–23 kDa) and dichloromethane all were purchased from Merck (Germany). Chitosan of molecular weight in the range of 105–3 × 105 g/mol and degree of deacetylation ≥ 75 %, poly (ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (mPEG, 5000 g/mol), ε-caprolactone and stannous octoate were purchased from Sigma. Ethanol (96 %) and oleic acid were provided by Kimia alcohol (Iran) and Fluka (Switzerland), respectively. All chemicals used as received without further purification. mPEG-PCL copolymer with the average molecular weight of 13 kDa was synthesized and characterized. The detailed procedures of the synthesis of mPEG-PCL copolymer and its corresponding characterization have been described in our previous paper [11].
Synthesis of naked superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs)
Naked magnetite nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized via alkaline coprecipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in aqueous solution [12]. Briefly, a mixture of iron (II) chloride and iron (III) chloride (1:2, molar ratio) dissolved in 45 mL deionized water and put into a three-neck flask and mechanically stirred at 80 °C. Then, 4 mL NH4OH (25 wt %) was added dropwise to the solution under nitrogen protection and the mixture was continuously stirred for another 30 min to complete the reaction. The resultant SPIONs were collected by a 1.4 T magnet, and washed several times with ethanol and deionized water to eliminate excess ammonia and finally dried at 60 °C under vacuum for one day. The yield of reaction was 80 %.
Synthesis of chitosan coated magnetite nanoparticles
Chitosan coated magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized according to the previous published method [13]. Briefly, 0.2 g of the naked magnetite nanoparticles prepared in the previous step were dispersed in 0.5 % chitosan solution (0.5 g chitosan dissolved in 100 mL acetic acid buffer with pH = 4.8) using an ultrasonic bath for 30 min at 60 °C and the mixture stirred mechanically at room temperature for 12 h and a black homogeneous suspension was obtained. During this process surface of nanoparticles were coated by chitosan and the resulting black precipitate was separated by a permanent magnet and washed five times with deionized water and dried at vacuum conditions.
Synthesis of dextran coated magnetite nanoparticles
Synthesis of dextran coated SPIONs were adapted from the literature [14]. In a typical procedure, FeCl3 · 6H2O (12 mmol), FeCl2 · 4H2O (6 mmol), and 1.45 g dextran were dissolved in 150 mL deionized water. The mixture was ultrasonicated for 10 min at room temperature whilst pure nitrogen was bubbled into, then, followed by the addition of 4 M potassium hydroxide. After ultrasonication of mixture at 60 °C under nitrogen atmosphere for 60 min, the dark suspension was obtained. The black product was separated by centrifugation for 10 min at 14000 rpm and washed five times with absolute ethanol and deionized water. The final product was dried at room temperature.
Synthesis of mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs (Magnetic micelles)
The synthesis followed the procedure performed by Meerod et al. [15]. In essence, a mixture of iron(II) chloride and iron(III) chloride (1:2, molar ratio) were dissolved in 45 mL deionized water. Then, 4 mL aqueous ammonia (25 %) and 250 μL oleic acid was added to the solution and stirred for 30 min under the N2 flow. The dark precipitant was isolated by a magnet and thoroughly were washed with ethanol to remove excess oleic acid and dried at 60 °C under vacuum for 24 h. Afterwards, 10 mg of mPEG-PCL and 2 mg of the oleic acid coated magnetite nanoparticles were dispersed in 2 ml dichloromethane, then the mixture was emulsified in 10 mL of 0.5 % (w/v) PVA aqueous solution. Dichloromethane was evaporated slowly by stirring overnight at room temperature and the magnetic micelles were formed.
Characterization of nanoparticles
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra for pure polymers and the naked and coated magnetite nanoparticles were recorded using Matson1000 FT-IR spectrometer (Unican, United States) with KBr pellets in the range of 400–4000 cm−1. Crystal structure and the phase analysis of SPIONs were studied by Bruker D8 X-ray diffractometer (Germany) with Cu K α radiation (λ = 0.1540 nm) and diffraction patterns were collected in the diffraction angle in the range of 2θ = 5-70° at an accelerating voltage of 40 kV. PANalytical X'pert high score software was used for data analysis. Hydrodynamic diameter, zeta-potentials of nanoparticles and time dependent colloidal stability were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) system (Zetasizer Nano ZEN 3600, Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, United Kingdom)) at 25 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis of the dried samples were performed by a NETZSCH STA 409 PC/PG (Selb, Germany) at a heating rate of 10 K/min from 20 to 800 °C to monitor the mass loss of a known amount of polymer coated SPIONs. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) (Lake shore 7400, United States) was employed to study the hysteresis loops and the magnetic properties of the magnetite nanoparticles at room temperature from −20000 to 20000 Oe. The iron concentration was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP) Optima 7300DV (United States). The particle size, structure and morphology of the naked and polymer coated magnetite nanoparticles were investigated by the field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) Mira 3-XMU (Tescan, United States).
In vitro MRI studies (Relaxometry properties of the ferrofluids)
To assess the longitudinal (R1) and transverse (R2) relaxation rates, clinical 1.5 T whole body magnetic resonance (MR) scanner (Siemens Healthcare Avanto Germany) was used. T1 and T2 weighted phantom MRI images were obtained at a series of colloidal suspension of nanoparticles with iron concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 μM. A number of spin echo sequence with repetition times (TR) of 1600 ms and varying echo time (TE) of 10, 43, 75, 108 and 140 ms (slice thickness: 7.5 mm, field of view (FOV): 238, Turbo factor: 18, matrix: 176 × 384) was used for getting T2 weighted images. The T1 weighted images were obtained at various repetition times of 100, 1550, 3150, 4750 and 6400 ms with an echo time of 18 ms, slice thickness:7.5 mm, field of view (FOV): 230, and matrix: 200 × 256 [16, 17].
Where I is the signal intensity which was measured with the help of DicomWorks 1.3.5 software within a manually drawn region of interest (ROI) for each sample. Relaxation rate R1 (1/T1) and R2 (1/T2) were calculated by using the eqs. 1 and 2 via mono-exponential curve fitting of the signal intensity vs. time (TE or TR). By plotting R1 and R2 over Fe concentration of synthesized ferrofluids, the slope indicates the specific relaxivity, r1 and r2, respectively.
Results and discussion
Where β is the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of high intensity, K is Sherrer constant, λ is the X-ray wavelength and θ is the Bragg diffraction angle. The crystallite estimated size thus obtained from this formula were about 11, 13, 8 and 24 nm for the naked SPIONs, and the dextran, chitosan and mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs, respectively.
The magnetic properties of naked SPIONs, dextran coated SPIONs, chitosan coated SPIONs and mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs
Preaperd NPs
Coercivity (Hci) G
Initial Slope emu/(gG)
Magnetization (Ms) emu/g
Negative (Hci) G
Positive (Hci) G
Retentivity (Mr) emu/g
Negative (Mr) emu/g
Positive (Mr) emu/g
Naked SPIONs
Dextran coated SPIONs
Chitosan coated SPIONs
mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs
The TGA curve of the chitosan coated SPIONs also shows two distinct weight loss for polymer at 150–320 °C and 310–620 °C corresponding to 21.64 and 12.99 % of weight loss, respectively. The reports indicate that magnetite can be oxidized at elevated temperature up to 600 °C [24]. Thereby, the last weight loss in this thermogram can be ascribed to the magnetite oxidation which is occurred at the temperature of higher than 600 °C and subsequently indicating 42.56 % of iron oxide in the chitosan coated SPIONs. As shown in Fig. 4c, for the TGA curve of mPEG-PCL, the weight loss of 9.28 % at150–250 °C can be attributed to the evaporation of oleic acid and the weight loss of totally 33.53 % at 280–500 °C are as a result of copolymer decomposition. In this case also weight loss of 6.77 % can be related to the magnetite oxidation and consequently the residual weight of magnetite content was 50.43 %.
The average hydrodynamic diameter and size distribution of the naked and modified SPIONs were investigated by dynamic laser light scattering measurements at 25 °C in deionized water. Each measurement was repeated three times. The hydrodynamic sizes of the naked SPIONs (a), dextran coated SPIONs (b), chitosan coated SPIONs (c) and mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs (d) were 126.2 ± 9.179, 58 ± 10.594, 32.09 ± 6.766 and 42.23 ± 5.490 nm, respectively and the polydispersity indexes were 0.253 ± 0.008, 0.279 ± 0.009, 0.205 ± 0.004 and 0.264 ± 0.006, respectively. Large particle size of the naked SPIONs compared to that of polymer coated nanoparticles can be result of each nucleus surrounding by different hydrophilic polymers in the case of polymer coated SPIONs. This phenomenon ultimately forbids the addition growth of the nuclei.
The charge of the surface of nanoparticles was determined by zeta potential measurements. The naked SPIONs showed a negative zeta potential of −24.2 ± 0.494 mV. Following coating SPIONs with dextran the zeta potential increased to −16.9 ± 0.070 mV as a result of the interaction of the ions in aqueous dispersion with polysaccharide structure of dextran. The zeta potential of the chitosan coated SPIONs was measured to be +31.6 ± 0.919 mV. Such positive zeta potential is due to the presence of positively charged amino group of chitosan on the surface of SPIONs. mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs exhibited negative zeta potential of −21 ± 3.535 mV. Relatively high surface potential of all SPIONs could play a critical role in minimizing aggregation of particles and improvement of the colloidal stability of ferrofluid suspension.
MRI studies and relaxometric properties
SPIONs are commonly used as T2 MRI contrast agents and consequently they are able to decrease the MR signal intensity by dephasing of proton spins. Considering the biocompatibility of dextran, chitosan and mPEG-PCL, the effect of surface modification of SPIONs was investigated in terms of MR signal-enhancing property.
The longitudinal relaxivity (r1, mM−1 s−1), transverse relaxivity (r2, mM−1 s−1), r2/r1values and R2 of polymer coated magnetite nanoparticles was calculated by plotting the T1 relaxation rate (1/T1) and T2 relaxationrate (1/T2) as a function of Fe concentration
Preaperd NPs
r1 (mM−1 s−1)
r2 (mM−1 s−1)
Dextran coated SPIONs
Chitosan coated SPIONs
mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs
The T1 relaxation rate (1/T1) as a function of Fe concentration of polymer coated SPIONs is presented in Fig. 8a. The findings reveal that for all three formulations, the longitudinal relaxation decreases as the iron concentration of the magnetic fluids increases. The slope of plots give the r1 values about 12.79, 4.708 and 4.171 mM−1 s−1 for the dextran, chitosan and mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs, respectively. Of particular note was the lower longitudinal relaxivity of mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs compared to that of dextran and chitosan coated SPIONs (Fig. 8a). It is clear that the relaxivities greatly is affect by distance of the aqueous medium from the magnetite core. On the other hand, the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the coatings has an impact on the diffusion of water within polymeric layer. Thereby, it can be postulated that the presence of hydrophobic inner shells of mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs including oleic acid and PCL layers will exclude water molecules and consequently extend the distance of water molecules from the magnetite core and finally result in low longitudinal relaxivity [25].
Where V is the crystal volume and K a is the anisotropy constant. Clearly, the anisotropy energy increases by increasing the crystal radius, and subsequently the Neel relaxation time is influenced by the anisotropy energy [5]. It is important to note that in addition to magnetic properties of the core, hydrodynamic diameter, and crystallinity, several parameters such as composition, doping, assembly of magnetite-based nanoparticles also strongly affect the R2 relaxivity of magnetite nanoparticles [18]. Analogously with the longitudinal relaxation results, the mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs exhibit lower r2 values than the dextran and chitosan coated SPIONs.
Typically contrast agents with r2/r1 ratio of larger than 2 and up to 40 are considered as T2 contrast agents, while for T1 contrast agents, this ratio is relatively low [26]. The r2/r1 values of the prepared polymer coated magnetite nanoparticles were around 20 which is higher than that of Resovist, commercially available MRI contrast agent [9]. From the discussion above, it can be concluded that all as prepared formulations are feasible to be used as negative MRI contrast agents. However, in view of the r2/r1 value of different formulations, it can be concluded that mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs compared to the chitosan and dextran coated SPIONs due to higher r2/r1 value, can be considered as promising candidate as T2 contrast agent. The reason behind these results, presumably lies on presence of the hydrophobic layer on the surface of mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs. This study has hinted at the potential of mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs as T2 contrast agent but also illustrate the need for more trials and more work.
Synthesis of the core − shell nanostructures composed of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles stabilized with various polymer coatings such as dextran, chitosan and mPEG-PCL via a simple coprecipitation method was achieved. All the as-prepared polymer coated SPIONs had excellent water dispersion and colloidal stability. FT-IR and TGA confirmed that polymer chains had been effectively coated on the surface of SPIONs. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) confirmed the formation of quasi spherical nanostructures with the average particle size about 50 nm. The VSM analysis showed that different polymer coated magnetite nanoparticles are superparamagnetic with high saturation magnetizations value (Ms) of about 70.572, 29.085 and 11.690 emu/g at 20000 Oe for the dextran, chitosan and mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs, respectively, that is sufficient for their application as MRI contrast agents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis proved highly crystalline magnetite particles with an inverse spinel structure. All SPIONs exhibit high r2 relaxivities about 220.20 mM−1 s−1, 91.44 mM−1 s−1 and 86.46 mM−1 s−1 for the dextran, chitosan and mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs, respectively. The value of r2/r1 ratios of prepared SPIONs is higher than that of some commercial contrast agents such as Resovist. The results of this study have indicated the possibility of using polymer stabilized SPIONs especially mPEG-PCL coated SPIONs as potential T2 MRI contrast agents.
The project was supported by University of Zanjan, and Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. Also, authors gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of Tabesh medical imaging center (Dr. M. H. Abdkarimi) Tabriz, Iran in acquiring the MRI images.
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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BOSTON (TheStreet) -- Thomas Steyer, the billionaire environmentalist and founder of hedge fund Farallon Capital Management, initiated a stake in BP (BP - Get Report), the oil company responsible for the April 2010 spill in the Gulf of Mexico.Steyer founded Farallon Capital in 1986 and has served as the fund's managing partner. Based in San Francisco, Farallon has more than $20 billion in assets and uses multiple investment strategies ranging from credit to value to merger-arbitrage investments. The hedge fund has a disciplined approach to preserve capital, focusing on achieving risk-adjusted returns.
|Thomas Steyer of Farallon Capital Management.


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IMPD Chief Urges Congress to support crime fighting partnerships
IMPD Chief Bryan Roach traveled to DC on April 22nd with Indianapolis LISC program officer Aaron Laramore to participate in a joint Department of Justice/LISC Building Partnerships for Crime Reduction Symposium. The symposium was a dialogue with police chiefs, prosecutors, residents and federal officials about successful strategies to put our most distressed communities on a path to safety and economic opportunity and in particular highlighted the importance of the Bryne Criminal Justice Innovation program, championed by Sen. Donnelly. Chief Roach met with Sen. Donnelly and also the staff of Sen. Todd Young (R, IN). The event brought together law enforcement … Continued


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Goal scoring has been a concern for Toronto FC from the start.
And how. The club was shutout for the first 384 minutes of its inaugural season — a Major League Soccer record to begin a year. Later in that 2007 campaign, one which saw them blanked in 15 of 30 games, the Reds went goalless for 824 minutes, another span of ineptitude yet to be surpassed.
To be fair, the club has had scorers over the years. Danny Dichio and Dwayne De Rosario, the Reds' all-time leader in goals, could find the net. Same goes for Amado Guevera, Chad Barrett and Maicon Santos.
But in most matches, the goal-scoring threat has been singular or, at best, dual, meaning opponents could key on one guy or two and shut TFC down.
Things are different in 2012. The Reds now have a triple threat up top in Danny Koevermans, Joao Plata and Ryan Johnson, a striking trio with a nose for the net and the talent to know what to do when they get in front of it.
"When we came last year, we didn't have this opportunity to have good strikers," says head coach Aron Winter, who drafted Plata 49th overall in the January 2011 MLS SuperDraft just days after taking the job at TFC. He signed Koevermans in June and then traded for Johnson in July. "And now, you're seeing that they're growing to each other, they support each other."
The three attackers bring very different styles to the pitch. Plata, the diminutive 20-year-old Ecuadorian international, is incredibly fast and a handful for defenders with the ball at his feet; Johnson, a 27-year-old Jamaican international is quick, skilled and able to use his height; Koevermans, a 33-year-old Dutchman is a big target man, who is able to hold up the ball for teammates and finish with aplomb.
"We definitely have a pretty balanced attack," says Johnson, who had six goals in 20 games for TFC in all competitions in 2011 and began 2012 with a goal in each of the two CONCACAF Champions League matches.
"As long as everybody stays healthy, we should definitely have a very good attack," Johnson adds. "We expect to be able to create a lot of chances."
With the late arrival of both Koevermans and Johnson, and some games lost to injury, the three strikers had less than half a season to work alongside each other. Being together since training camp this year, will be a big help.
"You know where you're at now," says Koevermans, who, like Plata, not only had to adjust to new teammates but a new country and league as well. "Now, you know the league and have a better understanding of each other."
While Plata-Koevermans-Johnson is the preferred trio at the top of Winter's 3-4-3 formation, they're not the only players expected to provide offence. Nick Soolsma, the hero of the stunning Champions League win at Los Angeles, is a threat as are Eric Avila, Reggie Lambe, a 21-year-old Bermudian international from England's second highest league, and Luis Silva, the fourth overall pick in January's draft, who has already made noise.
"You can't forget anyone," says Koevermans, who had eight goals in 10 MLS matches last season and two more in eight Champions League games.
"It's going to be more than just the three of us," he says, referring to himself, Plata and Johnson. "When you look at the roster we definitely have a number of other guys who can score goals."
Winter, who was brought up on Total Football, the Dutch tactical system which sees players moving more freely on the pitch, has put a premium on this fluid style. He wants to see it become the trademark of TFC.
In the only glimpse of it home fans have had in 2012, the Reds dominated the defending MLS Cup titlist Galaxy over the opening 20 minutes of the first leg of their Champions League match at Rogers Centre two weeks ago. They built a 2-0 lead and showed that players all over the pitch can attack.
"It's fun for the fans. It's fun for the players," says Johnson, who opened the scoring that night before a home record crowd of 47,658. "To have outside backs joining the play and guys flying up field is great football."
Plata, who had eight goals in 35 games in all competitions a year ago, is the most dynamic of the attackers. His speed, work rate and flare on the ball, have made him a fan favourite, especially given how much the team struggled up front in the opening months of the 2011 season in the period between trading De Rosario and the arrival of Koevermans and Johnson.
"I'm extremely grateful to the fans," Plata says through an interpreter. "They've been with us through thick and thin and have always supported me, so my goal is to do what I can on the pitch to make them happy."
Plata knows finding the net will do that. And, he says, having played together with Koevermans and Johnson in the latter part of 2011 "helps a lot, especially when it comes to implementing what the coaches want to do.
"We all have different styles but tend to work really well together."


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Q. Memorial Day got me thinking about those who have left us – and are hopefully in a better place. What is the story behind the Anaheim Cemetery, and is anybody famous buried there?
– Larry Danbury, Anaheim
A. Sorry I didn't get to your question before Memorial Day, Larry, but this being the week of that important American holiday, I thought I'd take a look at your question.
The Anaheim Cemetery is historic and a final resting place for many who served in the military – more than 500 veterans, according to cemetery documents.
Surrounded by neighborhoods, the 15-acre cemetery at 1400 E. Sycamore St. was founded in 1866 – shortly after the founding of Anaheim itself.
It is one of three historic cemeteries under the care of the Orange County Cemetery District; El Toro and Santa Ana are the others. The district was formed in 1985 to care for the aging plots of land that had fallen into disrepair.
As to whether anybody famous is buried at the Anaheim Cemetery, that depends on what you mean by famous.
The website findagrave.com lists only Thomas Henry Kuchel as a notable person who rests at Anaheim Cemetery. Kuchel, who lived from 1910 to 1994, was a U.S. senator from California, appointed by Gov. Earl Warren to fill the vacancy left by Richard Nixon, when he was elected vice president in 1952.
But many more people with strong significance to Anaheim, of course, are buried there. Many pioneers to this city are honored with large monuments and other markers.
A walking tour is offered. On that tour, you can see the Kraemer Monument, where Samuel and Angelina Yorba Kraemer are buried. The Kraemer Building was erected in downtown Anaheim in the 1920s. It was the tallest building in north Orange County at the time and is a rare part of the city's historic downtown still standing.
The Community Mausoleum is a marble structure and said to be the first mausoleum built on the West Coast, dating to 1914.
And check out Koenig's Angel, dedicated to William Koenig, an original Anaheim colonist and the only experienced grape grower/winemaker of the bunch. The tour notes that the angel has been damaged over the years, but the goal is, when money allows, to restore it.
There are 56 veterans of the Civil War buried here.
And Mr. Anaheim can tell you from his experience as a reporter that, in June 2012, cemetery officials hosted a ceremony to honor Ezra Benedict Kellogg, a veteran of the War of 1812. He is believed to be the oldest veteran buried in Anaheim.
The Anaheim Cemetery is open daily from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Information: occemeterydistrict.com.
Q. You wrote about the Ducks recently. When did they stop being "Mighty"?
– Shelly Petersen, Anaheim
A. True Ducks fans will tell you that the Ducks have never stopped being mighty. But if you mean when "Mighty" was dropped from the name, it was in the 2006-07 season.
When the Ducks were founded in 1993, they were owned by Disney, which, of course, had a very successful hockey movie franchise in the "The Mighty Ducks."
When the team was sold to the Samuelis in 2006, Mighty was dropped from the name. But the team actually became more mighty on the ice. That was the same year that the Ducks captured the sport's top prize, the Stanley Cup.
Another reader asked a non-Anaheim hockey question about the origin of the term "the Habs" for the Montreal Canadiens. I couldn't resist looking that one up because, well, I'd never heard it.
Apparently, the nickname for the Canadiens is a reflection of Montreal's French roots and is short for "les Habitants." Think of them to Montreal as what the colonists were to Anaheim.
See, you can find an Anaheim connection – or at least an analogy – in just about any topic.
Contact the writer: Eric Carpenter, or Mr. Anaheim to his Bulletin readers, was a longtime Register news reporter and is now a spokesman for the Orange County Transportation Authority. Send questions to email@example.com.


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Month: February 2012
Content Preening – or how NOT to torture your reader…
In this post I am going to talk about content preening, as this is where we all typically have the most to learn. Ensuring quality of content is undoubtedly the most difficult aspect of technical writing; it's a problem I see in every single technical document I review. I even see it in most of my own early manuscript drafts. (I imagine my colleagues see it in my late drafts, too! :-)) Like every other aspect of good technical writing, there is nothing magic about getting this right. Any of us can do it well – we just need to make the effort. Read the rest of this entry »
Consistency – an important step in the preening process…
In my earlier posts I talked about preening the final draft and the importance writing proper paragraphs. As you go through your final draft, one thing to check for is consistency. Here are some tips on how to handle the most common consistency problems… Read the rest of this entry »
The "four drafts" approach to speed writing…
If you're like me, one of the main things that stresses you out about technical writing is never feeling that you have enough time to do it well. Most people have totally unrealistic expectations of how long it will take them to write a technical report. I know that from first-hand experience. Many years ago I did my Masters part-time while holding down a full-time job. After two long years of working on weekends and evenings I finally finished my lab experiments, so I decided to take two weeks' vacation to write my thesis and get my life back. I sat down at the desk the first morning and started writing – not outlining mind you – back then I didn't know that I was supposed to outline first… After about an hour of scribbling and struggling with the overwhelming task ahead of me – it gradually dawned on me that this was not going to be a two week job, it was going to be a six MONTH job! I hopped in the car and ran out to pick up some beer and movies. I decided that I might as well enjoy that two week vacation because I knew that the next six months were going to be pure misery.
That thesis did end up taking me about 6 months to write, but today I could easily do it in two weeks. It's not only because I am now much older (and thus a tiny bit wiser). It's because, over the intervening 25+ years, I have developed strategies for writing reports quickly and efficiently. I already told you about one key strategy in my first post – planning and outlining. In this post I am going to tell you about the "four drafts" approach to speed writing. Hopefully you will find it, or some adaptation, saves you time as well. Read the rest of this entry »
Say – what the heck is a paragraph anyway?
Whether you're writing a term paper in an undergraduate history course or a PhD thesis in biochemistry, you're going to need to know how to write a proper paragraph. Paragraphs are the fundamental building blocks in any formal document and yet most students haven't got a clue how to put one together. It's not their fault – likely no one has ever explained it to them before. Over the years, I've found that about 99% of university students adopt one of the following three (improper) strategies to decide when to start a new paragraph. Read the rest of this entry »


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PV Analysis: nano – 'Sable'
From the intro title graphic we see a young man in black walking into a warehouse of some sort, a garage-style door grants entry and clatters shut. We're then shown the band playing, one at a time, and nano sings into an old-fashioned microphone, hood hung low, concealing her face. We never see her face in full over the course of the video, giving her a presence like that of a boxer menacing a ring.
We see the young man in tight close-up as the lyrics continue, looking pained about something. From the lyrics 'blinded by reality / broken ideology / heart in captivity' we can presume he's suffering the aftermath of shattered delusions. He's seen in a wider shot, walking towards a piano in a slightly better lit area. When we next see him, the tense of the sequence is called into question.
The singer nano is shown again, between panes of glass that reflect her band-mates – guitar on her right and drums on the left. It's a strange, ghostly effect, calling to mind some of the hologram performances of recent years. The young man is seen walking next to the piano, running his fist along it and coming to a plunk on the keys as he reaches that end of the instrument.
Closeups of the young man show him with a frustrated, angry expression. Another man is seen with a white shirt on the other end of the piano, walking around it while the darkly-clothed man is in frame as well. This gives the sequence a sensation of strange recall, as though the white-shirted person is there in memory only – more on this later.
Cut with shots of the band, the young man departs the piano and we see him in extreme closeup, with a confused look on his face. At around 1:45 there's another closeup, this time extended, as he appears extremely distraught. The lyrics refer to 'system shutdown' around this point, and he seems to show it directly here. The band plays on in the warehouse, on glass and in solo shots, replete with distressed film effects.
We see the young man lit strongly from behind, as though he's under a streetlamp perhaps, and he glances to the right slowly. The shot transitions to a wide shot – the man's in the middle, staring at the wall of a closed shop. A projection on the shop wall shows a crowd of people at a street crossing, I think they represent the societal voices of defeat of the young man, painting his impressions and mood the titular 'Sable', although the lyrical reference is to the black garment as opposed to the shade.
As the lyrics hit a crescendo of sorts, we see the young man back-lit and staring at the wall, and it sounds like the lyrics are directed at a society that doesn't foster the dreams or ideas of the individual. At least they take on this tone when paired up with the imagery in the clip here, as taken alone they could refer wholly to one broken by love and finding a new one. The young man in black looks dazed, and the young man in white appears to come upon the scene in a better lit shot. The young man in black picks up a bottle, and hurls it against the wall.
From his act of violence, we cut back to the band and see a range of solo performance shots, back to nano between the guitarist and drummer on glass. The violence of the bottle-throw seems reflected here as the glass shatters, surrounding nano with falling shards. The young man is seen similarly showered, although where the glass is coming from is anyone's guess – music video magic, perhaps.
He appears pained, clutching at his head and face as though anguished by his thoughts rather than injured physically by the glass. He rears his head back, and as the song ends the shot reveals his face showing a bizarrely abject state of happiness – the lyrical 'new life' perhaps causing this grin.


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Complexity generates vulnerabilities
Network security, and how to best ensure it, remains the eternally hot debate. Security products are flooding the market, leaving network engineers reeling from an abundance of offerings. Yet including too many weapons in your network arsenal may end up being counterproductive – uncontrolled complexity and associated configuration issues and conflicts could leave your network weaker instead of stronger.
Simpler makes stronger
When your choice of defenses gets too complex, strengthen your fundamental network security by keeping it simpler and better integrating existing layers for greater protection. Men & Mice helps you to drill back down to the basics. Is your network architecture well-structured? Are all network components up to date? Are all built-in security features enabled and up to date? Bolstering your network foundation through smart, optimized alignment of your network infrastructure can contribute more to overall network security than most add-on security features.
Safety through visibility and centralized delegation
Men & Mice gives you the edge when it comes to visibility and insight into your network devices and operations. Building on the widest range of server and hosting platform support on the DDI market, the Men & Mice DNS, DHCP and IP Address Management Suite consolidates diverse data into one, comprehensive view for centralized management and delegation.
Fine-grained, centralized, access management allows network and security teams to collaborate freely, enhancing effective network security without stepping on each other's toes.
Integrated layers add greater protection, across platforms
With native IPAM support in the AWS and Azure clouds, and an unparalleled diversity of cloud DNS support, including NS1, Dyn, Azure DNS and Amazon Route 53, Men & Mice offers you the unified visibility and centralized control to venture into the cloud, or integrate on-premises, cloud, hybrid and multi-cloud offerings, on your own terms.
Simple activation protocols for additional features such as Response Rate Limiting, Response Policy Zones and DNSSEC on supported platforms, including BIND and Windows 2016, complement greater network protection through the stronger integration of built-in security layer offerings.
Mitigate DDoS with xDNS redundancy™
Unique on the DDI market, Men & Mice xDNS redundancy enables the replication and synchronization of critical DNS zones across multiple DNS service provider platforms.
xDNS redundancy reduces the risk of exposure to a single point of DNS failure, improves network reliability and performance, and enhances the successful mitigation of DDoS attacks and other potentially harmful DNS incidents.
Stay strong with tracking
Men & Mice provides extensive tracking and auditing of network activity. Knowing who did what, when and where on the network helps network and cyber security teams respectively to identify and take action on possible security breaches. Unrivalled Active Directory integration, together with real-time synchronization with routers, switches, DNS and DHCP servers, guarantee consistently fresh security data for greater efficiency. On top of that, the Men & Mice System Health Monitor is constantly on the watch, alerting network teams to network irregularities that may affect operations.


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I went to the doctor today to get some blood test results and have been diagnosed with Hasimoto's thyroidihs (hypothyroidism).
Was wondering if anyone else on the forum has it?
Was told I would be put on some pills (although sounds like a life long thing) and it would make weight loss a lot easier
I hope so!
Anyway, just wondering if anyone out there has this or knows much about it?


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Dear newsletter readers!
The 5th Scandinavian Conference on SYSTEM & SOFTWARE SAFETY is now just weeks away. It will be held at Spårvagnshallarna on may 22nd to 23rd and is co-organized with Addalot. Don't miss this opportunity to keep in touch with what is happening in this extremely important and fast moving area, with insights from leading experts in the domains of aerospace and healthcare, and with workshops for interactive discussions. Follow this link for more information and registration.
The COSIS proposal went all the way to the final round (13 were selected among the 110 applicants). The competition in the final round was thus very strong. The decision from Vinnova was not the one we hoped for, COSIS was not among the centers chosen for funding.
We put a lot of effort into describing and emphasizing the importance of the area and our capabilities to make good use of the funding for our society, academy and industry. We learnt that communicating the importance of complex software-intensive systems requires more and further efforts.
Going forward we will look into all the possibilities that opened up through the COSIS application efforts; the commitment from the ICES members and also new players was very strong. The main implication is that the centre discussions are ongoing to see what parts we can get going as part of ICES and/or in close cooperation with other initiatives at KTH.
Industry input wanted! – Workshop on decision support for embedded systems architecting. May 4th
In order to clarify the reasons and set out research directions, research at KTH has investigated the state of the art of Design Space Exploration (DSE) methods for distributed embedded system architecting and projections for future architecting methodologies. This has been contrasted with the state of practice of industrial architects (with information gathered through interviews and literature). A gap analysis has then been performed, as illustrated in the following figure.
At the workshop we will present the findings in order to trigger discussions on
- how current DSE methods can be improved to satisfy industrial needs;
- how the traditional architecting process autonomous needs to evolve to deal with connected, cooperative, automated systems, often using novel business models.
- opportunities for collaboration and new projects.
Please register, Industry input is essential for the gap analysis to be relevant.
Scania Demo day! – Formal verification of Embedded Software. May 19th
ICES Members are welcome to participate in a demo day at Scania. The focus area is Formal Verification of Embedded Software. The event will start at 10 with presentations and after lunch there will be demos and posters. Register on the ICES homepage.
FORTHCOMING ICES EVENTS! (see the ICES Events Calendar)
APR 25 - Guest Lecture (Kista) - Resurrecting Laplace's Demon: The Case for Deterministic Models
Edward A. Lee - Robert S. Pepper Distinguished Professor in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences (EECS) department at U.C. Berkeley.
April 26 - Guest Lecture (Campus Valhallavägen) - Resurrecting Laplace's Demon: The Case for Deterministic Models
Edward A. Lee - Robert S. Pepper Distinguished Professor in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences (EECS) department at U.C. Berkeley.
May 4th - Workshop
Where formalisms and optimization meet heuristics
May 15th - Workshop
Systems Engineering Education in the Nordic Countries – Needs, Visions and Status
May 16th - Workshop
INCOSE - Nordic SE Tour - INCOSE/ICES
May 19th - Workshop
Scania Demo day – Formal Verification of Embedded Software
May 22nd – 23rd - Conference
5th Scandinavian Conference on System & Software Safety, May 22-23!
June 2nd - Workshop
Foundations of Cyber-Physical Systems: Where are we and How should we move forward?
CONTACT US: We welcome your ideas and questions! Please e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com in the first instance.


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The onscreen opening credits erroneously listed film editor John F. Schreyer as John E. Schreyer. Appearing after the film is a written acknowledgment thanking the Department of Defense, the U.S. Navy and the officers and men of the Submarine Force Pacific Fleet for their cooperation. During the Kusaie Island sequence, "Ken's" memory of the night of his proposal to "Sally" is shown in flashback. About the ending, in which the crew's friends cheer them into the harbor, the otherwise favorable Variety review stated that it "seems a little unbelievable, considering it's wartime."
According to a March 1958 Hollywood Reporter news item, Tab Hunter was set to appear in the film, providing that it did not conflict with the schedule of Damn Yankees (see entry above), in which he had already been cast, and that Howard W. Koch, who was co-producer of the final film, would direct. An April 1958 Hollywood Reporter news item reported that Koch and his co-producer Aubrey Schenk had planned to shoot the film in Technirama in Hawaii. According to a July 1958 Los Angeles Mirror-News article, portions of the film were shot at sea on the Pacific aboard the submarine USS Tilefish. The Hollywood Reporter review reported that the film was shot "on expensive locations in the Pacific.
An August 1957 Daily Variety news item reported that the rights to Robb White's novel Up Periscope were purchased by the "producing trio" of Edwin F. Zabel, Koch and Schenk and that White was to write the screenplay. However, White is not credited as writer onscreen and the extent of is contribution to the final film has not been determined. An August 1957 Los Angeles Times news item reported that Tony Curtis was sought for the lead role. Joanna Barnes was considered a "strong contender" for a lead role in the film, according to a June 1958 Hollywood Reporter news item, and is listed in an Hollywood Reporter production chart. However, neither Barnes, Curtis, nor Hunter appear in the film.
The following actors were added to the cast by July and August Hollywood Reporter news items, but their appearance in the film has not been confirmed: January Brooks, Roger Smith, Fay Roope and Fugi Kawada. Appearing in the nightclub scene was Peggy Moffitt, an actress/fashion model who played in a handful of films over eleven years, beginning with the 1955 Paramount production, You're Never Too Young . Moffitt was better known in the mid-1960s for modeling the topless swimsuit which was designed by Rudi Gernreich and photographed by William Claxton, who became her husband. ^Up Periscope marked the motion picture debut of Rian Garrick.
After completion of Up Periscope, according to an August 1958 Hollywood Reporter news item, Frank Gifford, who played "Mount" in the film, was given a six-month leave of absence from Warner Bros. to attend the New York Giants training camp in Salem, OR. Gifford did not appear in a feature film again until 1968, when he played himself in Paper Lion. A USC All-American player in the early 1950s who marked his film debut and served as technical director and trainer in the 1953 U-I film, All-American (see entry above), Gifford became a star running back and, later, flanker, for the Giants. In 1956, he was named the Most Valuable Player of the National Football League, and he was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1977. After his retirement from football in the mid-1960s, he became a sportscaster, most memorably on Monday Night Football, on ABC-TV from 1971-1998. Besides the handful of films in which he appeared during the 1950s, Gifford continues to appear in television and in films, usually as himself.


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Community Energy Efficiency and Renewable Projects Summary:
- Information provided is based on data available to AEA and may not be exhaustive
- Home evaluations are counted per evaluation and include both Plan evaluations (pre-construction) and On-site evaluations (post-construction)
Latest Sachs Harbour News
Sachs Harbour Visit in February
This past February, Arctic Energy Alliance's Inuvik Regional Energy Project Coordinator made a community visit to Sachs Harbour.
Sachs Harbour Community Audits
Arctic Energy Alliance staff members travelled to Sachs Harbour to conduct energy audits on seven community buildings.
Sachs Harbour community visit October 2013
On October 23, 2013, two Arctic Energy Alliance (AEA) staff visited the beautiful community of Sachs Harbour, located on the westernmost island of the Arctic Archipelago.


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Login Tips
- An account is created for you automatically when you first buy a book from the Take Control cart.
- The email address you provide in the cart becomes the login email address for your Take Control account.
- You do not need an account to buy a book, but if you've bought a Take Control book elsewhere, such from Amazon, O'Reilly, the iBooks Store, Smile, DEVONtechnologies, or Literature & Latte, and want to create an account, you can do so by opening the PDF and clicking the Ebook Extras (or Check for Updates) button on the cover. If you don't have the PDF, look for help early in the Read Me First chapter.
Once you're logged in to your Take Control Library, click Help in the left nav bar to learn how to change your login email address and password, merge multiple accounts, and more.
Need a New Password?
Enter your login email address to receive email with instructions for resetting your password. You must be able to receive email from the takecontrolbooks.com domain for this to work; if the message doesn't appear shortly, check your spam filter.


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Find an eventAdd your event. It's free »
MCMA Muaythai Boxing Junior and Adult Classes South Harrow
- Where:
- MCMA TRAINING CENTRE SOUTH HARROW, 32 The Arches, South Harrow, HA2 8AY
- When:
- 5 July to 5 July
- 7:00am to 10:00pm
- Every:
- Saturday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday
- Next On:
- June 19th 2019 at 7:00am
- How much:
- PAYG and membership packages available
- Contact:
- email@example.com
- 07811221941
Sport & Fitness
KIDS Classes
JUNIOR & TEEN Classes
ADULT Classes
LADIES ONLY Classes
You can click on the class summaries below to find out more about each class.
Please call or email us for full venue & class information or to enrol in one of our specific Membership Packages.
Personal One to One and Small Group Coaching is also available. Please call or email for Personal Training Package information.
Full MCMA Muaythai Classes-
Monday 730-9pm - Adults Fitness4less Watford
Tuesday 5-6pm- Juniors 9-13yrs MCMA training South Harrow. Adults 7-830pm Beginners/intermediate MCMA training centre.
Wednesday 730-9pm Adults Beginners/Intermediate Bushey Grove Leisure Centre.
Thursday 630-730pm Juniors 9-13yrs MCMA Training Centre South Harrow. Adults 730-9pm advanced/fighters (invitation only)
Saturday Open sparring 2-3pm MCMA Training Centre South Harrow.


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Every dish has its own story. Don't you think so?
I started cooking not very early in my life. Since childhood, I had seen my mother, aunts, grandma cooking – it was mostly observation with a few hands-on adventures. Every dish has a narrative side of its own. In my case, most of the time the narration was about mess :). I did not understand the ease behind my mother, aunts' or grandma's cooking skills came from years and years of experience. Thats why my first few attempts were pretty much predestined to fail. My first cakes turned out soggy, breads disastrous, sad rice dishes and equally sad vegetable dishes with inherent imbalance of salt and sweet.
Over the years, I observed other great (household) cooks, shared tips and tricks, researched (ahem!), took little steps and sometimes even leaps of faith (wich not necessarily always ended up in a dryland – read soup :)), incorporated my own nuances here and there to make a dish mine.
For quite a few times, rose apple thing is a rage over internet. At the first glance, I admit, it looked quite intimidating with intricate detailing. Still, I wanted to give it a try.
Here is my version. I used Ricotta cheese filling for the pie. I have a thing for this ricotta cheese. Its lightweight and can blend in ease with both sweet and savoury flavours.
My ingredients :
- For pie crust: 12 digestive biscuits, ground.
- 80 g butter for the pie crust.
- For filling: 125 g of ricotta cheese
- 75 g all purpose flour
- 80 g butter
- 2 eggs in room temperature
- 100 g sugar
- 2 apples thinly sliced
- 1 tsp baking powder
- A pinch of salt
Grind the dgestive biscuits and mix butter. Grease a baking dish and spread the biscuit- butter mix in a layer. Press with a spoon. Bake the layer for about 15 minutes in a prehated oven at 175° C. Keep aside and let it cool.
Now, for the filling, combine all other ingredients except the apple slices. Pour the filling over the crust. Now arrange the thin apple slices as rose petals on the filling surface. Don't worry, the roses may not always look like roses :). Sometimes, imperfection is perfection.
Bake the pie for about 40 minutes or till toothpick inserted in the middle comes out clean.
Here is the end product :
Bon Apetito !!


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Ways to renovate a rented apartment
Finding Far North Dallas apartments in this era of need is one of the most difficult tasks that anyone has to do in his life because a number of factors need to be compared before making the final decision. Dallas is one of the most economically growing cities of Texas and this is the reason behind shifting of thousands of people over here in last few years. This entire crowd has increased the demand of apartments so the rent rate has also increased in return as the landlords can easily get a person who can pay him the rent according to his demand.


text: Venture Village's InvestnUs program is designed to help bring lasting change by funding socio-economic growth lead by trained small business leaders that have a sustainable business plan, heart for change, and willingness to work hard in their communities. Have a question, comment or idea on how to help? Please contact us via the form below.


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Ballet is one dance form that attracts a large number of children every year. Ballet dancing is not possible without the right ballet shoes. Therefore, parents need to buy these shoes for their children. Ballet shoes are specific types of shoes and consist of various fittings. It is important to buy these shoes from stores selling good quality shoes.
Most beginners and young children prefer to wear soft ballet shoes. These shoes provide a great amount of support and are light in weight. A number of brands in the market manufacture the shoes that are just right for the beginners. There are some stores selling complete ballet outfits including the shoes and the tights.
As the children grow older, progressing through their ballet dancing classes, their bones become strong. It is now time to change the shoes that help you stand on your toe tips. These shoes are pointe shoes. Especially, the women use these pointe shoes, as not many men prefer dancing on the pointe.
An appropriate outfit is necessary for the types of shoes you wear. Parents need to look upon a number of things before buying the right kind of shoes for their children. Shoes protect the ankle and the feet from severe injuries. There shoes should not be too big or too small. This may lead to an accident while dancing. It is essential that the shoes fit perfectly.
Buying the shoes from the stores completely dedicated to all kinds of dancewear will be a wise option. This will help you choose the best ballet shoes out of a variety of brands. The prices may also be reasonable. There are also practice shoes available in the market that you can use if you intend to practice at home.
Buying the perfect ballet shoes is definitely not a rocket science. So, put on your shoes and enjoy dancing.
For more information, visit balletshoes.net. They offer information on ballet shoes, including ballet flats. If you're interested in ballet shoes, visit one of the links above.


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Timothy J. Wilt, MD, MPH; Roderick MacDonald, MS; Indulis Rutks, BA; Tatyana A. Shamliyan, MD, MS; Brent C. Taylor, PhD; Robert L. Kane, MD
The comparative effectiveness of localized prostate cancer treatments is largely unknown.
To compare the effectiveness and harms of treatments for localized prostate cancer.
MEDLINE (through September 2007), the Cochrane Library (through Issue 3, 2007), and the Cochrane Review Group in Prostate Diseases and Urologic Malignancies registry (through November 2007).
Randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) published in any language and observational studies published in English that evaluated treatments and reported clinical or biochemical outcomes in localized prostate cancer.
2 researchers extracted information on study design, sample characteristics, interventions, and outcomes.
18 RCTs and 473 observational studies met inclusion criteria. One RCT enrolled mostly men without prostate-specific antigen (PSA)–detected disease and reported that, compared with watchful waiting, radical prostatectomy reduced crude all-cause mortality (24% vs. 30%; P = 0.04) and prostate cancer–specific mortality (10% vs. 15%; P = 0.01) at 10 years. Effectiveness was limited to men younger than age 65 years but was not associated with Gleason score or baseline PSA level. An older, smaller trial found no significant overall survival differences between radical prostatectomy and watchful waiting (risk difference, 0% [95% CI, −19% to 18%]). Radical prostatectomy reduced disease recurrence at 5 years compared with external-beam radiation therapy in 1 small, older trial (14% vs. 39%; risk difference, 21%; P = 0.04). No external-beam radiation regimen was superior to another in reducing mortality. No randomized trials evaluated primary androgen deprivation. Androgen deprivation used adjuvant to radical prostatectomy did not improve biochemical progression compared with radical prostatectomy alone (risk difference, 0% [CI, −7% to 7%]). No randomized trial evaluated brachytherapy, cryotherapy, robotic radical prostatectomy, or photon-beam or intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Observational studies showed wide and overlapping effectiveness estimates within and between treatments. Adverse event definitions and severity varied widely. The Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study reported that urinary leakage (≥1 event/d) was more common with radical prostatectomy (35%) than with radiation therapy (12%) or androgen deprivation (11%). Bowel urgency occurred more often with radiation (3%) or androgen deprivation (3%) than with radical prostatectomy (1%). Erectile dysfunction occurred frequently after all treatments (radical prostatectomy, 58%; radiation therapy, 43%; androgen deprivation, 86%). A higher risk score incorporating histologic grade, PSA level, and tumor stage was associated with increased risk for disease progression or recurrence regardless of treatment.
Only 3 randomized trials compared effectiveness between primary treatments. No trial enrolled patients with prostate cancer primarily detected with PSA testing.
Assessment of the comparative effectiveness and harms of localized prostate cancer treatments is difficult because of limitations in the evidence.
Sorting through the proven benefits and harms of the multiple strategies available to treat clinically localized prostate cancer is difficult.
This systematic review of 18 randomized trials and 473 observational studies found little high-quality evidence that established the superiority of one therapy over another. All treatments, including androgen deprivation, radical prostatectomy, and radiotherapy, caused urinary, bowel, or sexual dysfunction; the frequency, duration, and severity of these adverse events varied among treatments.
Available data insufficiently characterize the relative benefits of various treatments for clinically localized prostate cancer, and all therapies cause some harms.
AUA = American Urological Association; RCT = randomized, controlled trial; RP = radical prostatectomy.
Table 1.
The symbol size is proportional to the number of patients: <50, 50–150, 150–300, or >300. Brachy = brachytherapy; C-EBRT = conformal external-beam radiation therapy, EBRT = external-beam radiation therapy; RP = radical prostatectomy; WW = watchful waiting.
The symbol size is proportional to the number of patients: <50, 50–150, 150–300, or >300.
Appendix Table 1.
Table 2.
Appendix Table 2.
*Combined with transurethral resection of the prostate.
PSA = prostate-specific antigen.
Appendix Table 3.
Terms of Use
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Wilt TJ, MacDonald R, Rutks I, Shamliyan TA, Taylor BC, Kane RL. Systematic Review: Comparative Effectiveness and Harms of Treatments for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:435–448. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-148-6-200803180-00209
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Published: Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(6):435-448.
Hematology/Oncology, Prostate Cancer.
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The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a private, independent, Swiss humanitarian institution. It is a neutral intermediary in armed conflict situations.
In accordance with the rules of international humanitarian law, the driving force behind the Red Cross, the ICRC provides protection and aid for the victims, prisoners of war, civilians, sick and wounded, displaced persons, people living in areas occupied my a foreign power. Independence from all governments enables the ICRC to make any decisions with regard solely to humanitarian considerations. As a result of being held high in regard worldwide, the ICRC is likewise able to offer them their services in the event of civil unrest or tensions, that are not covered by the Geneva Convention of 1949 or the by the additional 1977 protocol. Through these situations the ICRC has gained a great deal of experience in visiting political prisoners.
The ICRC promotes international humanitarian law and makes efforts towards the advancement of such. It secures and furthers these laws and humanitarian principles through government contacts and also with the military and other target groups.
Included in the target groups that the ICRC reaches out to, amongst others, are schools and universities.
The members of the governing body of the ICRC are Swiss. The committee is the heart of the ICRC and has a maximum of 25 members. Through these members the ICRC elects its President. The committee comes together eight times a year to form an assembly. In this assembly the general policy and guidelines to be affected by the ICRC are agreed.


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Will Your Driver's License Be Enough to Get You on a Plane in 2016?
The subject of today's tip may not concern you today, but it could soon affect you in a big way. The , passed by Congress back in 2005, rewrote the minimum security requirements for all forms of federal identification—including driver's licenses. A plan of enforcement was finally announced at the end of 2013, and since then, the states have independently been refreshing their driver's licenses to ensure they can continue being accepted as federal ID. As noted in the act, the new policy will apply to, "no sooner than 2016, boarding federally regulated commercial aircraft."
So, if you don't have a license that meets the new requirements, you could soon need an alternative form of identification to board a plane. That will affect drivers in four states: Louisiana, Minnesota, New Hampshire, and New York (as well as American Samoa, a US territory). These states have not yet completed their overhauls of their driver's licenses, and so licenses they've previously issued may not be enough to board a plane with.
As , it's not quite black and white. It's not clear when exactly the new licenses will be required at airports (the start of 2016 is the earliest possibility), and in New York and Minnesota, there are "enhanced" licenses available that will be compliant with enforcement of the new law. It's something to keep an eye on, and to be aware of if you're a license-holder in one the above states.
FYI: The boarding gate above is at Newark Liberty International, from which United operated seasonal service to Newcastle, UK (and may again next summer).
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Make A Donation
Healing Hands
So Many Heroes
Valuable Lessons
Ana's Story
Faces of Victims
Moshe Gez, 53
Aug 18, 2011 - Moshe Gez, 53, of Kfar Sava was one of eight victims of a series of terrorist attacks perpetrated against civilians and IDF soldiers in Israel''s southern region.
Moshe Gez was on his way to a vacation in Eilat along with his wife Flora and her sister and brother-in-law Shulamit and Dov Karlinsky. All four were killed when terrorists opened fire on their vehicle on Route 12 near the border with Egypt.
Dov Karlinsky was driving. They were heading south when the border highway was blocked by gunmen who shot them each at point-blank range, an eyewitness said.
Moshe had a home renovation business. His eldest daughter Vicki eulogized her father: "I will always remember your smile and your warm-heartedness. Your relationship with Mom was a model for me."
Moshe Gez was buried in Kfar Sava. He is survived by three children.
Mission Statement
Faces of Victims
Board of Directors
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45 Degree Corner Wet Bar Project:
The EHBP-09 L-shaped, frame based wet bar with 45 degree corner section. This is hands down our most popular project. We have many long time members who come back years later to build a second, third or fourth bar in a new home and this is their most popular choice. Scroll to the bottom of this page for some great member built examples.
Solid as a Rock and Good Looking Too
Based on a very sturdy core framework that would likely hold an elephant, this bar is solid and yet very easy to build. It's ample girth ensures that this bar isn't going anywhere without a fight. Like all our project, this 45 degree corner bar project uses aspects of the Golden Ratio in it's design, making it more pleasing to the eye. Many of the bars you find on Pinterest or personal blogs use our plans. Instructions include all framing details, suggested materials and cut list.
This model is similar to the EHBP-04 L-shaped bar but with a 45 degree corner. The EHBP-09 is nominally resizable using the CHBD resizing tool. Watch an EHBP-09 being built from core framing layout to a glass like bar top finish. The plans will show you every detail on how to build this specific bar model.
Plan Document Details:
Plan Number: EHBP-09
Model: Standard 45° Corner Bar
Skill Level: Novice to intermediate
Length: 96+" / 96+"
Layout: symmetrical framing for either left or right handed layout.
Estimated material cost: $250+
Doc Size: 35 pages
Format: Printable Adobe PDF
Includes material and cut list as a separate download. Like the EHBP-04 model, you can substitute a store bought Kegerator unit in place of the DIY keg box.
Use an optional Kegerator unit…
Products from Amazon.com
- Price: Check on Amazon
- Price: $469.00
- Price: $145.74Was: $199.00
Estimated price is for standard materials. You can substitute high materials and spend as little or as much as you can afford.
This is a large bar and similar to what a contractor might ask thousands to build. You can do it yourself and be proud of the results while saving a ton of cash. Choice of materials is going to dictate costs. Browse the builder's gallery to see all the great bars built based on this design. Suitable for home or commercial use. Instant Plans Access – Get Started Today!
PDF format plans can be sent to any printer.
Requires the latest version of Adobe Acrobat Reader.
The 45 degree corner bar is suitable for indoor or outdoor use. Area behind the bar is available for custom shelves or bar equipment. Build it standard size or optional resizing is available for this model.
Finishing off the project with bar stools:
No home bar is complete without a nice set of bar stools. We've followed the online bar stool retailers for over 15 years. Amazon now offers the best deal in quality bar seating. Shop for Bar Stools
Awesome home bars (model EHBP-09) built by our members.
Check out the rest of the included plans in the Bar Project Collection.


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Push for science prize equality
Australia's first Women in STEM Ambassador is calling for greater diversity in nominations for the 2019 Prime Minister's Prizes for Science.
Nominations for the prizes are now open, and Women in STEM Ambassador Professor Lisa Harvey-Smith has used International Women's Day this week to encourage female nominations.
"It is imperative that scholarly prizes and awards such as the Prime Minister's Prizes for Science truly acknowledge the most worthy nominees," Professor Harvey-Smith said.
"Research shows that when it comes to scholarly prizes, women are under-nominated and receive recognition at rates below their numbers in the relevant disciplines.
"What better place to change this than Australia's most highly-regarded science prizes. I encourage anyone in a science, innovation or science teaching field to think about who they want to see recognised this year, and nominate."
Following a review of relevant academic literature and expert consultation to inform an evidence-based approach, the Department of Industry, Innovation and Science has put in place measures to encourage more diversity in the Prime Minister's Prizes for Science.
The raft of new measures include:
- Promoting the nomination period widely and calling for more diverse nominations
- Making promotional and guidance materials more accessible by simplifying them and removing barrier language
- Making nominating easier than ever by halving the word-limit for nominators' statements to 500 words
- Developing Guidelines for Managing Diversity and Implicit Bias, that set out current best practice for the nomination and selection stages
"Larger and more diverse nomination pools have been shown to result in more diverse outcomes over time. So, it's in our hands to better the balance of the Prizes by nominating people who represent the diversity of the science community," Professor Harvey-Smith said.
"International Women's Day is about celebrating women's achievements, which makes it the perfect time to nominate a deserving woman."


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Paris would be incomplete without these two fashion houses, Alexander McQueen and Chanel.
Let's start with the one of the most significant show on the entire Spring 2011 season, Alexander McQueen. This is the first runway show after the designer took his own life last February which left the entire design process to Sarah Burton, now creative director. Although Sarah said they would not be doing a theatrical runway as it is not her style, but the designs are very similar to what Mr McQueen would have done. Here are the photos.
Models walked on a runway made of wooden planks and grass
inspiration: nature
black leaf applique looks like a leafy vine here.
wheat on top, peasant feathers below
very good indeed!
Now onto Chanel. The show was held on the Grand Palais done in what seems to be a black and white version of a formal garden. Their inspiration is a 1961 film Last Year at Marienbad, and extended in three directions, with an orchestra at the end of one. Clothes were light and airy in contrast to the fur suits Karl did last fall. Enjoy these photos. A couple highlights include Brad Kroenig's two-year old son, and Ines de la Fressange!
one word - Amazing!
Smile Ms. de la Fressange
See yah later!


text:
Duke Orthopaedics of Raleigh
Schedule an appointment at our comprehensive orthopaedic clinic in Raleigh. Our general orthopedic doctors, foot and ankle specialists, spine surgeons, and hand surgeons evaluate and treat children, teens and adults. Our goal is to evaluate your pain or injury, and provide the most effective treatment options.
Clinic Hours
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8:00 am - 4:30 pm
Find Out If You Need Joint Replacement Surgery
If you suffer from shoulder pain, knee pain or hip pain, our joint replacement experts can provide a full evaluation to see if you are a candidate for full or partial joint replacement surgery, including:
Back Pain and Spine Specialists In Raleigh
Our team of spine specialists and spine surgeons will perform comprehensive spinal exams to find the cause of your lower back pain, sciatic nerve pain or neck pain, and work with you to develop a plan of care that meets your needs. Treatment options (offered here or at other Duke Health locations) may include:
- Nonsurgical treatments for back and neck pain, including chiropractic services, physical therapy, epidural injections and nerve blocks. These services may be offered at other Duke Health locations.
- Back and spine surgery options, including disc replacement to relieve pain and swelling, and complex reconstructive surgeries for scoliosis.
Dedicated Hand and Wrist Pain Experts
Hand pain, wrist pain and elbow pain can be cause by a variety of conditions, including carpal tunnel syndrome, arthritis, joint dislocations, trigger finger, and overuse. Our hand and wrist experts treat pain and injuries with noninvasive therapies such as customized splinting and rehabilitation exercises, and our hand surgeons are leaders in innovative hand and wrist surgeries.
Conveniently Located Foot and Ankle Doctor
Our dedicated foot and ankle specialists can evaluate your foot pain or ankle pain caused by conditions including bunions, plantar fasciitis, sprained ankles, ankle instability, arthritis and Morton's neuroma. Our doctors may use a variety of tests to diagnose the source of your pain and to determine if you are a candidate for foot or ankle surgery. If needed, our doctors can also administer localized steroid injections to relieve your foot, ankle or toe pain.
Raleigh Pediatric Orthopaedic Clinic
Whether your child has an orthopaedic issue like a broken bone or sports injury, or has been diagnosed with scoliosis, club foot, sarcomas, or cerebral palsy, our pediatric orthopedic doctors can help. You can trust your child's orthopedic treatment and/or surgery will be tailored to your child's unique anatomy and health needs.
Sports Medicine Clinic for Teens and Adults
You don't have to be an athlete to schedule an appointment with our sports medicine doctors. Our orthopedic doctors diagnose and treat teens and adults with injuries including, joint sprains and strains, arthritis, bone fractures, tendonitis and bursitis.
Need an Orthopaedic Doctor Right Away?
If you need to see an orthopaedic provider fast due to pain or injury, many of our clinics have same-day or next-day appointments. Or, visit one of our orthopedic urgent care centers. Walk-ins are welcome.
Duke MyChart
Duke MyChart is our easy to use online patient portal. Duke MyChart gives you secure access to view test results, schedule appointments, request prescription refills, and communicate with your care team.
- Ankle pain, ankle injuries and ankle surgery
- Carpal tunnel surgery
- Computer-navigated joint replacement
- Foot pain, foot injuries and foot surgery
- Fracture care
- Hammer toe and bunion surgery
- Hip preservation surgery
- Joint replacements, including hip replacement surgery, knee replacement surgery, and shoulder replacement surgery
- Knee pain, knee injury and arthroscopic knee surgery
- Localized steroid injections
- Shoulder pain, shoulder injury, and arthroscopic shoulder surgery and rotator cuff surgery
- Sports medicine
- Torn ACL treatment options, including ACL reconstruction
- X-rays are taken in clinic
- Convenient access to MRI, CT scans and advanced imaging on the Duke Raleigh Hospital campus
- Physical therapy services are also available on Duke Raleigh Hospital campus
Accepted Insurance
Duke Health contracts with most major health insurance carriers and transplant networks, including the ones listed below. Before scheduling your appointment, we strongly recommend you contact your insurance company to verify that the Duke Health location or provider you plan to visit is included in your network. Your insurance company will also be able to inform you of any co-payments, co–insurances, or deductibles that will be your responsibility. If you proceed in scheduling an appointment and your health insurance benefits do not participate with Duke, your out of pocket liability may be higher. We will contact you regarding your coverage and patient liability. If you are uninsured, learn more about our financial assistance policy.
- Aetna Choice POS, Aetna Choice POS II
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- Aetna Medicare Plan (HMO, PPO)
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*Duke HomeCare and Hospice does not participate in the plan.
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*This is for Wake County only.
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*Not all Duke locations and doctors participate in this plan. Please contact the location you will be visiting to determine what is accepted.
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*Duke Primary Care does not participate with the plan.
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About Us
Duke Orthopaedics of Raleigh is located on the Duke Raleigh Hospital campus in the Duke Medicine Plaza. Our office is on Wake Forest Road, just north of Interstate 440.
Preparing For Your Visit
If you are visiting our office for you're the first time, we ask that you bring:
- A list of your current medications
- Copies of any recent x-rays, CT scans or MRI images
If you need to cancel or reschedule your appointment, please call us 24 hours prior to your appointment time.
Getting Here
There are two free parking decks available for visitors and patients. The most convenient to this clinic is Parking Deck 2, located to the left of Duke Raleigh Hospital's main entrance.


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nanoHUB Grid Appliance
Additional materials available (2)
Licensed according to this deed.
Published on
The Grid appliance allows nanoHUB users to run a development "virtual workspace" in their own desktop. The workspace has a Linux-based virtual machine with Rappture, WebDAV and Condor pre-installed and pre-configured, encapsulating conveniently all the software needed to run these applications, right out of the box. With the Grid appliance, nanoHUB users can:
- contribute idle computing cycles from their desktop to the nanoHUB
- tap into the computing cycles of nanoHUB Grid resources by using Condor
- easily develop Rappture-based tools
To run the appliance, you need 1) an Intel-based Linux or Windows computer, 2) download and install free virtual machine software (VMware's VMPlayer or Server), and 3) download and unzip the appliance (280MB) from http://www.grid-appliance.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59&Itemid=66
Please refer to the attached Breeze presentation with introductory information on the appliance and a tutorial video for more information and instructions.
David Wolinsky, Arijit Ganguly, Renato Figueiredo, P. Oscar Boykin
Sponsored by
Cite this work
Researchers should cite this work as follows:


text:
Directions to Fermilab
Local Hotels
Map of Local Hotels
Transportation and Accommodations
Visa Application Guidance
Accessing Fermilab Wireless Network
Other Useful Fermi Links
Other Useful Fermi Links
Dear Colleagues,
As discussed at the Fermilab Town Hall meeting Thursday, September 27, Fermilab
and the Fermilab Users Executive Committee are organizing a workshop
on the physics potential of a high intensity proton source.
In the event that the ILC is delayed from the technically limited timeline,
the Fermilab Steering Group has proposed the construction of an ILC-like
linac that, in conjunction with the rest of the Fermilab accelerator chain,
would produce high intensity proton beams at various energies. The
report of the Steering Group can be found at
We would appreciate your input on possible speakers for the workshop,
suggestions or volunteers are welcome.
We apologize for the short notice, but it is important that this process
begin soon, well in advance of the P5 meeting to be held in early 2008.
people who are unable to attend, video will be available. Details on
registration and the agenda for the workshop will follow later. We
hope you can attend.
Young-Kee Kim and Kevin Pitts
for Fermilab and the Fermilab UEC