text:
|Traded as
|Pharmaceuticals, chemicals
|August 1, 1863[1]
|Friedrich Bayer, Johann Friedrich Weskott
|Leverkusen, Germany
|Key people
|Marijn Dekkers (CEO), Werner Wenning (Chairman of the supervisory board)
|Veterinary drugs, diagnostic imaging, general and specialty medicines, women's health products, over-the-counter drugs, diabetes care, pesticides, plant biotechnology, polymers, coatings, adhesives
|€39.76 billion (2012)[2]
|Operating income
|€3.960 billion (2012)[2]
|€2.446 billion (2012)[2]
|Total assets
|€51.34 billion (end 2012)[2]
|Total equity
|€18.57 billion (end 2012)[2]
|Bayer MaterialScience, Bayer USA, Bayer Schering Pharma, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Bayer CropScience
Bayer AG (; German pronunciation: ) is a German chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in Barmen (today a part of Wuppertal), Germany in 1863. It is headquartered in Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and well known for its original brand of aspirin. Bayer's primary areas of business include human and veterinary pharmaceuticals; consumer healthcare products; agricultural chemicals and biotechnology products; and high value polymers. The company turned 150 years old on 1 August 2013.[1]
History 1
- Early history 1.1
- World War I and II 1.2
- Acquisitions and partnerships 1.3
- Discoveries by Bayer 1.4
- Logo 1.5
Operations 2
- Locations 2.1
Corporate structure 3
Bayer CropScience 3.1
- Bayer BioScience 3.1.1
Bayer HealthCare 3.2
- Bayer Pharma 3.2.1
- Bayer Consumer Care 3.2.2
- Bayer Animal Health 3.2.3
- Bayer Diabetes Care 3.2.4
Bayer MaterialScience 3.3
- Bayer Business Services 3.3.1
- Bayer Technology Services 3.3.2
- Currenta 3.3.3
- Bayer CropScience 3.1
- Bayer 04 Leverkusen 4
Controversies 5
- Aspirin discoverer 5.1
- HIV infected blood products 5.2
- Baycol 5.3
- 2006 Trasylol safety advisory 5.4
- Yasmin / Yaz birth control pills 5.5
- Neonicotinoid pesticides 5.6
- Chemical accidents 6
- Awards and recognition 7
- See also 8
- Notes and references 9
- Further reading 10
- External links 11
Bayer AG was founded in Barmen (today a part of Wuppertal), Germany in 1863 by Friedrich Bayer and his partner, Johann Friedrich Weskott.
Early history
Bayer's first major product was acetylsalicylic acid (originally discovered by French chemist Charles Frederic Gerhardt in 1853), a modification of salicylic acid or salicin, a folk remedy found in the bark of the willow plant. By 1899, Bayer's trademark Aspirin was registered worldwide for Bayer's brand of acetylsalicylic acid, but because of the confiscation of Bayer's US assets and trademarks during World War I by the United States – and the subsequent widespread usage of the word to describe all brands of the compound —, "Aspirin" lost its trademark status in the United States, France, and the United Kingdom. It is now widely used in the US, UK, and France for all brands of the drug. However in over 80 other countries, such as Canada, Mexico, Germany, and Switzerland, it is still a registered trademark of Bayer.
In 1903 Bayer licensed the patent for the hypnotic drug diethylbarbituic acid from its inventors, Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering. It was marketed under the trade name Veronal as a sleep aid beginning in 1904. Systematic investigations of the effect of structural changes on potency and duration of action at Bayer led to the discovery of phenobarbital in 1911 and the discovery of its potent anti-epileptic activity in 1912. Phenobarbital was among the most widely used drugs for the treatment of epilepsy through the 1970s, and as of 2014, remains on the World Health Organizations list of essential medications.[3][4]
World War I and II
As part of the reparations after World War I, Bayer assets, including the rights to its name and trademarks, were confiscated in the United States, Canada, and several other countries. In the United States and Canada, Bayer's assets and trademarks were acquired by Sterling Drug, a predecessor of Sterling Winthrop.
The Bayer company then became part of IG Farben, a German chemical company conglomerate. In the 1930s, Bayer scientists Gerhard Domagk, Fritz Mietzsch, and Joseph Klarer, discovered Prontosil, the first commercially available antibacterial drug. The discovery and development of this first sulfonamide drug opened a new era in medicine.[5] Domagk received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for this work in 1939.[6]
During World War II, the IG Farben used slave labor in factories attached to large slave labor camps, notably I.G. Auschwitz,[7] and the sub-camps of the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp.[8] During this period Bayer engaged in human experimentation on Auschwitz prisoners, often with fatal results.[9] After World War II, the Allies broke up IG Farben and Bayer reappeared as an individual business. The Bayer executive Fritz ter Meer, sentenced to seven years in prison during the IG Farben Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, was made head of the supervisory board of Bayer in 1956, after his release.[10]
Acquisitions and partnerships
In 1978, Bayer purchased Miles Laboratories and its subsidiaries Miles Canada and Cutter Laboratories (along with a product line including Alka-Seltzer, Flintstones vitamins and One-A-Day vitamins, and Cutter insect repellent).
In 1994, Bayer AG purchased Sterling Winthrop's over-the-counter drug business from SmithKline Beecham and merged it with Miles Laboratories, thereby reacquiring the U.S. and Canadian trademark rights to "Bayer" and the Bayer cross, as well as the ownership of the Aspirin trademark in Canada.
On 2 November 2010, Bayer AG signed an agreement to buy Auckland-based animal health company Bomac Group.[11]
Bayer partnered on the development of the radiotherapeutic Xofigo with Algeta, and in 2014 moved to acquire the company for about US$3 billion.[12]
In 2014 Bayer agreed to buy Merck's consumer health business for $14.2 billion which would give Bayer control over popular household brands such as Claritin, Coppertone and Dr. Scholl's. The pharmaceutical company would also seize the No. 2 spot in the world for nonprescription drugs. [13]
Discoveries by Bayer
Bayer has discovered, among others:
- Aspirin, an analgesic, antipyretic, and anticoagulant medicine, arguably was the most commercially successful drug ever.
- Heroin (diacetylmorphine), a now illegal addictive drug, was originally sold as a substitute for morphine. Heroin was a Bayer trademark, until World War I.
- Prontosil, the first sulfonamide.
- Ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic used to treat anthrax and urinary tract infections.
- Levitra, a treatment for erectile dysfunction.
- Polyurethane, a very versatile polymer used for a wide variety of applications
- Polycarbonate, a thermoplastic used in electronics, data storage, and construction (Makrolon).
- Suramin
- Parathion, insecticide
- Propoxur, insecticide
- Primodos, hormone pregnancy testing
The company's corporate logo, the Bayer cross, was introduced in 1904. It consists of the horizontal word "BAYER" crossed with the vertical word "BAYER", both words sharing the "Y", and enclosed in a circle. An illuminated version of the logo lights up the skyline of Leverkusen, where Bayer is headquartered. Installed in 1958, this is the largest illuminated advertisement in the world.
To separate operational and strategic managements, Bayer AG was reorganized into a holding company in December 2003. The group's core businesses were transformed into limited companies, each controlled by Bayer AG. These companies are: Bayer CropScience AG; Bayer HealthCare AG; Bayer MaterialScience AG and Bayer Chemicals AG, and the three service limited companies Bayer Technology Services GmbH, Bayer Business Services GmbH and Bayer Industry Services GmbH & Co. OHG. Bayer AG shares are listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, the London Stock Exchange and previously on the New York Stock Exchange.
Following the reorganization, its chemicals activities (with the exception of H.C. Starck and Wolff Walsrode) were combined with certain components of the polymers segment to form the new company Lanxess on 1 July 2004. Lanxess was listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in early 2005. Bayer HealthCare's Diagnostics Division was acquired by Siemens Medical Solutions in January 2007.
In 2004, Bayer HealthCare AG acquired the over-the-counter (OTC) Pharmaceutical Division of Roche Pharmaceuticals.
On 13 March 2006, Merck KGaA announced a €14.6bn bid for Schering AG. Merck's takeover bid was surpassed by Bayer's $19.5bn bid on 23 March 2006.
On 11 March 2008, Bayer HealthCare announced an agreement to acquire the portfolio and OTC division of privately owned Sagmel, Inc., a US-based company that markets OTC medications in most of the Commonwealth of Independent States countries such as Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, and others.[14][15]
- Germany – headquarters of the holding company, as well as the subsidiary companies Bayer CropScience, Bayer MaterialScience and Bayer HealthCare
- Belgium – including production facilities for Makrolon and polyurethanes (in Antwerp)
- Canada – Toronto headquarters and offices in Montreal and Calgary
- Finland – Nordic Headquarters in Espoo including one of the largest Bayer research facilities and production facility in Turku
- France – including European headquarters of Bayer CropScience (in Lyon)
- Indonesia – including production of Canesten, Autan and Baygon
- Italy – including five production facilities
- Switzerland – including production facilities of Bayer CropScience (Muttenz) and offices in Basel, Fribourg and Zürich
- The Netherlands – including eight facilities and subsidiaries with 600 employees in three different sectors; Marketing and Sales, Production and Research.
- United States – Bayer USA (Bayer Corporation) operates a suburban Pittsburgh regional corporate headquarters and research center
- United Kingdom – Newbury, Berkshire
- Spain - Asturias produce the acetylsalicylic acid.
Corporate structure
Bayer AG comprises three subgroups and three services companies. The subgroups and service companies operate independently, led by the management holding company.[16]
Bayer CropScience
Bayer CropScience has products in crop protection and nonagricultural pest control. It also has activities in seeds and plant traits.[16]
In 2002, Bayer AG acquired Aventis (now part of Sanofi) CropScience and fused it with their own agrochemicals division (Bayer Pflanzenschutz or "Crop Protection") to form Bayer CropScience. The company is now one of the world's leading innovative crop science companies in the areas of crop protection (i.e. pesticides), nonagricultural pest control, seeds and plant biotechnology. In addition to conventional agrochemical business, it is involved in genetic engineering of food. The Belgian biotech company Plant Genetic Systems became part of the company by the acquisition of Aventis CropScience.
Bayer Bioscience is a research center which is a component of Bayer CropScience.[17][18]
Also in 2002, Bayer AG acquired the Dutch seed company Nunhems.
In 2006, the U.S. Department of Agriculture announced that Bayer CropScience's LibertyLink genetically modified rice had contaminated the U.S. rice supply. Shortly after the public learned of the contamination, the E.U. banned imports of U.S. long-grain rice and the futures price plunged. In April 2010, a Lonoke County, Arkansas jury awarded a dozen farmers $48 million. The case is currently on appeal to the Arkansas Supreme Court. On 1 July 2011 Bayer CropScience agreed to a global settlement for up to $750 million. In a statement to the media Bayer said: "Although Bayer CropScience believes it acted responsibly in the handling of its biotech rice, the company considers it important to resolve the litigation so that it can move forward focused on its fundamental mission of providing innovative solutions to modern agriculture."[19]
Bayer CropScience is involved in a joint project with Archer Daniels Midland Company and Daimler AG to develop jatropha as a biofuel.[20]
In September 2014, the firm announced plans to invest $1 billion in the United States between 2013 and 2016.[21]
Bayer BioScience
Bayer BioScience, headquartered in Hyderabad, India has about 400 employees, and has research, production and an extensive sales network spread across India.[22][23]
Bayer HealthCare
Bayer HealthCare is Bayer's pharmaceutical and medical products subgroup. It is involved in the research, development, manufacture and marketing of products that aim to improve the health of people and animals. Bayer HealthCare comprises a further four subdivisions: Bayer Schering Pharma, Bayer Consumer Care, Bayer Animal Health and Bayer Medical Care.[16]
Bayer Pharma
In 2007, Bayer took over Schering AG and formed Bayer Schering Pharma. The acquisition of Schering was the largest take-over in Bayer's history. The name was changed to Bayer Pharma in 2011.
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals is divided into two business units – General Medicine and Specialty Medicine.
Women's healthcare is an example of a General Medicine business unit. Bayer Pharma produces the birth control pills Yaz and Yasmin. Both pills use a newer type of progesterone hormone called drospirenone in combination with estrogen. Yaz is advertised as a treatment for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and moderate acne. Other key products include the cancer drug Nexavar, the multiple sclerosis drug betaferon/betaseron and the blood-clotting drug, Kogenate.[16]
An example of a Specialty Medicine Business Unit is Diagnostic Imaging. Contrast agents from this unit helps play a crucial role in precise and early diagnosis and the selection of optimal treatment. Diagnostic imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound are used to make tissues and organs visible in their natural position inside the body along with contrast. Work is also focused on the development of tracers for positron emission tomography (PET). The PET tracer florbetaben F18 in Bayer's pipeline makes it possible to recognize beta amyloid, one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, with high accuracy very early on and while the patient is still alive.
Bayer Consumer Care
Bayer Consumer Care manages Bayer's OTC medicines portfolio. Key products include analgesics such as Bayer Aspirin and Aleve, food supplements Redoxon and Berocca, and skincare products Bepanthen and Bepanthol.[16]
In May 2014 it was announced that Bayer would buy Merck & Co's consumer health care unit for $14.2 billion.[24]
Bayer Animal Health
Bayer HealthCare's Animal Health Division is the maker of Advantage Multi (imidacloprid + moxidectin) Topical Solution for dogs and cats, Advantage flea control for cats and dogs and K9 Advantix, a flea, tick, and mosquito control product for dogs. Advantage Multi, K9 Advantix and Advantage are trademarks of Bayer. The division specializes in parasite control and prescription pharmaceuticals for dogs, cats, horses, and cattle. North American operation for the Animal Health Division are headquartered in Shawnee, Kansas. Bayer Animal Health is a division of Bayer HealthCare LLC, one of the world's leading healthcare companies.
Bayer Diabetes Care
Bayer Diabetes Care manages Bayer's medical devices portfolio. Key products include the blood glucose monitors Contour Next EZ (XT), Contour, Contour USB and Breeze 2 used in the management of diabetes.[16]
Bayer MaterialScience
Bayer MaterialScience is a supplier of high-tech polymers, and develops solutions for a broad range of applications relevant to everyday life.[16]
Bayer Business Services
Located at the Bayer USA Headquarters in Robinson Township, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsburgh, Bayer Business Services handles the information technology infrastructure and technical support aspect of Bayer USA and Bayer Canada. This is also the headquarters of the North American Service Desk, the central IT Help Desk for all of Bayer USA and Bayer Canada.
Bayer Technology Services
Bayer Technology Services is engaged in process development and in process and plant engineering, construction and optimization.[16]
Currenta offers services for the chemical industry, including utility supply, waste management, infrastructure, safety, security, analytics and vocational training.[16]
Bayer 04 Leverkusen
In 1904, the company founded the sports club TuS 04 ("Turn- und Spielverein der Farbenfabriken vorm. Friedr. Bayer & Co."), later SV Bayer 04 ("Sportvereinigung Bayer 04 Leverkusen"), finally becoming TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen ("Turn- und Sportverein") in 1984, generally, however, known simply as Bayer 04 Leverkusen. The club is best known for its football team, but has been involved in many other sports, including athletics, fencing, team handball, volleyball, boxing, and basketball. TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen is one of the largest sports clubs in Germany. The company also supports similar clubs at other company sites, including Dormagen (particularly handball), Wuppertal (particularly volleyball), and Krefeld-Uerdingen (featuring another former Bundesliga football club, SC Bayer 05 Uerdingen, now KFC Uerdingen 05).[25]
Aspirin discoverer
Arthur Eichengrün, a Bayer chemist, claimed to be the first to discover an aspirin formulation which did not have the unpleasant side effects of nausea and gastric pain. Eichengrün also claimed he invented the name aspirin and was the first person to use the new formulation to test its safety and efficacy. Bayer contends aspirin was discovered by Felix Hoffman to alleviate the sufferings of his father, who had arthritis. Various sources support the conflicting claims.[26][27][28] Most mainstream historians attribute the invention of aspirin to Felix Hoffman and/or Arthur Eichengrün.[29][29][30]
HIV infected blood products
A cite from haemophilia-litigation.com at the Wayback Machine (archived January 29, 2007):
- "After 1978, there were four major companies in the United States engaged in the manufacture, production and sale of Factor VIII and IX: Armour Pharmaceutical Company, Bayer Corporation and its Cutter Biological division, Baxter Healthcare and its Hyland Pharmaceutical division and Alpha Therapeutic Corporation, which have been or are defendants in certain lawsuits.
- "The plaintiffs allege that the companies manufactured and sold blood factor products as beneficial "medicines" that were, in fact, contaminated with HIV and/or HCV and resulted in the mass infection and/or deaths of thousands of haemophiliacs worldwide."[31]
After 52 deaths were blamed on an alleged side effect of Bayer's anticholesterol drug Baycol, its manufacture and sale were discontinued in 2001. The side effect was rhabdomyolysis, causing renal failure, which occurred with a tenfold greater frequency in patients treated with Baycol in comparison to those prescribed alternate medications of the statin class.[32]
2006 Trasylol safety advisory
In September 2006, Bayer was faulted by the FDA for not revealing during testimony the existence of a commissioned retrospective study of 67,000 patients, 30,000 of whom received Trasylol and the rest other antifibrinolytics. The study concluded Trasylol carried greater risks. The FDA was alerted to the study by one of the researchers involved. Although the FDA issued a statement of concern, they did not change their recommendation that the drug may benefit certain patients. In a Public Health Advisory Update dated 3 October 2006, the FDA recommended "physicians consider limiting Trasylol use to those situations in which the clinical benefit of reduced blood loss is necessary to medical management and outweighs the potential risks" and carefully monitor patients.[33] The FDA took Trasylol off the market on 5 November 2007.[34]
Yasmin / Yaz birth control pills
The FDA has warned Bayer for misstating the benefits of Yasmin (also known as Yaz) while understating its risks.[35][36][37] In 2011, the FDA's panel of experts voted 15 to 11 that the benefits of Yasmin and related oral contraceptives outweighed the risks, and voted 21-5 that the labeling on Yaz was inadequate and needed more information about the potential risk of blood clots in the legs and lungs.[38] In April 2012, the FDA ordered Bayer to change its U.S. labeling to reference the increased risk for blood clots.[39] Subsequently, a meta analysis suggested that birth control pills of the class Yasmin belongs to raise the risk of blood clots to a greater extent than some other classes of birth control pills.[40]
Neonicotinoid pesticides
In 2013, the European Commission implemented a 2 year suspension on the application of neonicotinoid pesticides to certain flowering crops. The suspension will not apply to cereal crops or other crops not attractive to bees. Bayer is challenging the restrictions.[41]
In 2013, the United States Department of Agriculture organized a stakeholder conference to discuss bee colony collapse disorder in the United States. Approximately 150 stakeholders participated in the conference, including beekeepers, scientists, representatives of advocacy groups, beekeeping supply manufacturers, commodity groups, pesticide producers, academics, and state and federal government regulators. The consensus report issued by the conference attributes colony collapse to a complex mix of factors, of which the parasitic Varroa mite and several associated viruses have been closely associated with overwinter declines. It was concluded that the most pressing research issue was to determine the actual field-relevant pesticide exposure and the effect of pervasive exposure to multiple pesticides on bee health.[42]
The EPA has stated that it is not aware of any data demonstrating that bee colonies are subject to elevated losses due to long-term exposure to clothianidin.[43] However, leaked documents indicate that some agency scientists disagree with this position.[44][45][46]
The Australian Government issued a report in January 2014 that notes that "the introduction of the neonicotinoids has led to an overall reduction in the risks to the agricultural environment from the application of insecticides. This view is also balanced with the advice that Australian honeybee populations are not in decline, despite the increased use of this group of insecticides in agriculture and horticulture since the mid-1990s."[47]
Chemical accidents
On 28 August 2008, an explosion occurred at the Bayer CropScience facility at Institute, West Virginia, United States. A runaway reaction ruptured a tank and the resulting explosion killed two employees.[48] The ruptured tank was close to a methyl isocyanate tank which was undamaged by the explosion.[49]
Awards and recognition
In October 2008, Bayer's Canadian division was named one of "Canada's Top 100 Employers" by Mediacorp Canada Inc. The Canadian division was named one of Greater Toronto's Top Employers by the Toronto Star newspaper.[50] Bayer USA was given a score of 85 (out of 100) in the Human Rights Campaign's 2011 Corporate Equality Index, a measure of gay and lesbian workplace equality.[51]
See also
Notes and references
- ^ a b Bayer: 150 years - The early years (1863–1881)
- ^ a b c d e f "Annual Report 2012". Bayer. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ^ Yasiry Z, Shorvon SD (December 2012). "How phenobarbital revolutionized epilepsy therapy: the story of phenobarbital therapy in epilepsy in the last 100 years". Epilepsia. 53 Suppl 8: 26–39.
- ^ López-Muñoz F, Ucha-Udabe R, Alamo C (December 2005). "The history of barbiturates a century after their clinical introduction". Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 1 (4): 329–43.
- ^ Hager, Thomas: The Demon Under the Microscope: From Battlefield Hospitals to Nazi Labs, One Doctor's Heroic Search for the World's First Miracle Drug. Harmony Books 2006. ISBN 1-4000-8214-5
- ^ "Gerhard Domagk - Biographical".
- ^ "Wollheim Memorial". Frankfurt am Main: Fritz Bauer Institute.
- ^ Various (2005). "Historia de los campos de concentración: El sistema de campos de concentración nacionalsocialista, 1933–1945: un modelo europeo". Memoriales históricos, 1933–1945 (in Spanish).
- ^ Rees, Laurence (2005). Aushchwitz. London: BBC Books. p. 232.
- ^ "Auschwitz:60 Year Anniversary- the Role of IG Farben-Bayer". Ahrp.org. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
- ^ "Bayer Acquires Animal Health Co Bomac In New Zealand". Nasdaq. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
- ^ "Algeta Board OKs $2.9B Acquisition by Bayer".
- ^ http://spiderbook.com/company/117638/details?rel=304110&show_current=True&show_others=True&people_page=0&document_page=0¤t_tab=supporting_documents
- ^ Bayer HealthCare to acquire OTC Business of Sagmel, Inc, official press release
- ^ "Bayer Buys Over-the-Counter Health Unit From Sagmel". Bloomberg. 11 March 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Annual Report 2010". Bayer. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
- ^ Bayer Bioscience, sybase website, retrieved Sept 19, 2012.
- ^ Bayer Bioscience description, Bayer corporate website.
- ^ "Bayer Settles With Farmers Over Modified Rice Seeds". The New York Times. 1 July 2011.
- ^ "Archer Daniels Midland Company, Bayer CropScience and Daimler to Cooperate in Jatropha Biodiesel Project". DaimlerChrysler.
- ^ Bayer CropScience to invest $1 billion in U.S. by 2016. Reuters, 4 September 2014
- ^ Bayer
- ^ Bayer launches multi-crop breeding station in Hyderabad | Business Line
- ^ http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-05-06/bayer-to-buy-merck-consumer-health-unit-for-14-2-billion.html
- ^ Bayer 04 Leverkusen Fussball GmbH
- ^ http://www.rsc.org/pdf/pressoffice/1999/annconf99press3.pdf
- ^ "Aspirin". Angelfire.com. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
- ^ "Should EPA Accept Human Pesticide Experiments". Ahrp.org. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
- ^ a b Sneader W (2000). "The discovery of aspirin: a reappraisal". BMJ 321 (7276): 1591–4.
- ^ Mahdi JG, Mahdi AJ, Mahdi AJ, Bowen ID (April 2006). "The historical analysis of aspirin discovery, its relation to the willow tree and antiproliferative and anticancer potential". Cell Prolif. 39 (2): 147–55.
- ^ "Bayer Sold HIV-Risky Meds". Cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
- ^ Furberg, C.; Pitt, B. (2001). "Withdrawal of cerivastatin from the world market". Current controlled trials in cardiovascular medicine 2 (5): 205–207.
- ^ "Trasylol Public Health Advisory Update". Factsandcomparisons.com. Archived from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
- ^ "The Official Trasylol Aprotinin Injection by Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation Home Page". Trasylol.com. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
- ^ "A Birth Control Pill That Promised Too Much". New York Times. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
- ^ "FDA to Review Safety Issues Surrounding Leading Birth Control Pill Yaz". ABC News. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
- ^ "Bayer's Yaz Pill Backed by Panel Seeking Clarity on Risk". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
- ^ "FDA advisers: revise popular birth control labels". Reuters. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
- ^ "Yaz and Yasmin birth control pills linked to 23 deaths: Health Canada documents". CTV News Canada. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
- ^ Stegeman BH, de Bastos M, Rosendaal FR, et al. (2013). "Different combined oral contraceptives and the risk of venous thrombosis: systematic review and network meta-analysis". BMJ 347: f5298.
^ Carolina Cardoso (2013-09-03). "Neonicotinoids: Syngenta and Bayer go to court against the European Commission". Slow Food. Retrieved 2013-11-14.
In May 2013, the European Commission announced a two-year restriction on the use of three insecticides: thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and clothianidin.... Two giants of the agro-industrial pesticide industry: Syngenta, manufacturer of thiamethoxam, and Bayer, producer of imidacloprid and clothianidin, have now decided to challenge the European Commission's decision before the European Court of Justice.
- ^ "www.usda.gov".
- ^ "Clothianidin – Registration Status and Related Information | Pesticides | US EPA".
- ^ Keim, Brandon (13 December 2010). "Leaked Memo Shows EPA Doubts About Bee-Killing Pesticide | Wired Science". Wired. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
- ^ http://www.panna.orgs/default/files/Memo_Nov2010_Clothianidin.pdf
- ^ by Tom Philpott. "Leaked document shows EPA allowed bee-toxic pesticide despite own scientists' red flags". Grist. Archived from the original on 22 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
- ^ "archive.apvma.gov.au".
- ^ "Bayer CropScience Pesticide Waste Tank Explosion". U.S. Chemical Safety Board. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
- ^ "Bayer Pesticide Plant Disaster, 2008, Institute, West Virginia". Semp.us. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
- ^ "Reasons for Selection, 2009 Canada's Top 100 Employers Competition".
- ^ Workplace | Issues | Human Rights Campaign. Hrc.org (2013-07-12). Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
Further reading
- Blaschke, Stefan (1999). Unternehmen und Gemeinde: Das Bayerwerk im Raum Leverkusen 1891–1914. Cologne: SH-Verlag, ISBN 3-89498-068-0
- Tenfelde, Klaus (2007). Stimmt die Chemie? : Mitbestimmung und Sozialpolitik in der Geschichte des Bayer-Konzerns. Essen: Klartext, ISBN 978-3-89861-888-5
External links
- Official website
- http://www.wonderdrug.com/ The original Bayer Aspirin
- Use dmy dates from June 2012
- CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)
- CS1 errors: missing author or editor
- Biotechnology companies of Germany
- Chemical companies of Germany
- Multinational companies headquartered in Germany
- Pharmaceutical companies of Germany
- Pharmaceutical companies established in 1863
- Bayer brands
- IG Farben
- Nanotechnology companies
- Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp
- Nutrition
- German brands
- Leverkusen
- Companies based in North Rhine-Westphalia
- Companies formerly listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
- Aspirin


text:
BISD's Thomas gets good review, 3.9% raise
On the heels of praise from teachers, administrators and Beaumont residents, BISD trustees went behind closed doors to evaluate Superintendent Dr. Carrol Thomas.
About an hour later the board emerged Thursday evening and approved 4-1 a favorable rating for Thomas. Board members Dr. William Nantz and Terry Williams were not present.
Board member Tom Neild dissented.
Neild said he was not displeased by Thomas' work for the year but did not agree with the terms of his contract.
The contract includes an automatic extension.
In other business, trustees approved 4-1 to appeal a part of 58th District Judge Bob Wortham's ruling in the South Park case.
Read more in Friday's Beaumont Enterprise.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Thursday, 14 July 2011
A Few Questions for Sinn Fein?
According to today's Newspapers, the British Deputy First Minister, Martin McGuinness visited Ardoyne on July 11th. Where he met with residents, community workers and youth leaders?
GARC have asked various Youth Workers, Community Workers and residents were they present? Many replied that they were totally unaware of his visit until they read it in the Media today - 14/7/11.
So, who exactly did meet Mr. McGuinness? This needs to be clarified as he stated that he was given the local community's views and opinions? GARC challenge him to name the residents, organisations/groups and Youth Leaders he met?
On another related issue, Gerry Kelly MLA asserts that he nor S/F had NO prior knowledge or influence of the RUC/PSNI operation to hem in and seal off Ardoyne from the Crumlin Road and Mountainview areas.....
A number of Mountainview residents have informed GARC that they witnessed Mr. Kelly being informed by fellow S/F members that the GARC march had just commenced on the Berwick Road @ 7pm. He was also informed about the sequence of GARC's substantial march by two so-called 'Independant Observers' who shadowed GARC's parade for Civil Rights. These two Observers; were prominent S/F members. Gerry then immediately walked across the top of Estorial Park and spoke at length to a senior PSNI woman. The same woman was then heard to issue an order over the radio to her riot-clad members to immediately seal off Estorial and Brompton Parks quickly followed by two water cannons and a number of RUC Land Rovers! As well as, the Ardoyne Road shop roofs....
Within three minutes of arriving in Estorial Pk, the rebranded RUC attacked local people who had been waiting for the arrival of the GARC march. They beat them into Balhome Drive and proceeded to fire around a dozen Plastic Bullets and also deployed the Water Cannon on unsuspecting residents. These facts have been confirmed by the Parish Priest, Fr. Gary, Alban McGuinnes MLA and by the countless Journalists at the scene.
Gerry who is being dishonest about these issues?
GARC also ask both MLAs', is it not the democratic right of a person, persons, groups and political parties to politically agree or disagree with S/F or whoever else they so wish?
Finally, on a seperate note....How can GARC respect fully the rights of others when our National Flag is burned ON a majority of Council-Funded Loyalist Bonfires year in and year out? Maybe this would explain why there is a violent reaction on top of unwelcome Parades?
GARC agree a large group of Criminals engaged the RUC/PSNI in Conflict in Ardoyne on the Twelfth, however NOT ALL are of the same ilk. As there were genuine young people present also. GARC are on public record asking those who were intent on causing trouble to stay away from GARC's march, that they were NOT welcome!
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Tilda Swinton, 53, who is a brilliant alternative model with pale hair and eyebrows, launches a new campaign with Nars Cosmetics. I think she is striking as an actress and has great stage prescience so a great choice for a Nars model.
January 1st 2015 sees the launch of a limited edition eye collection from NARS Cosmetics. Designed to create a range of dimensions for the eyes, the collection includes the Matte Velvet Shadow stick, which intensifies, while warm and cool eyeshadow palettes provide new depth for various eye looks; the Illuminating Multiple brings light to shadow for eyes, lips and cheeks; the Velvet Shadow Stick offers potent matte pigments that define, intensify and shade eyelids in five long-wearing shades; and the Inoubliable Coup D'Oeil Eyeshadow Palette comes in six shades.
The limited edition eye collection from NARS launches exclusively in Selfridges with prices ranging from £19-£30.


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Arizona politicians who support the state's new immigration law have spent the past few months justifying the passage of SB-1070 by pointing to the high levels of crime that undocumented immigrants have brought to their state. However, over the past few weeks, the media has countered their claims of kidnappings and beheadings with reports that the border is "safer than ever" and "one of America's safest places." Today, when pressed by guest anchor Harry Smith on CBS' Face the Nation, SB-1070 supporter Sen. Jon Kyl (R-AZ) called the reports a "gross generalization":
SMITH: One of the things that's come to light over the past last couple weeks is that in some of these border towns that were thought to be susceptible to lawbreaking of illegal immigrants. Crime is actually down. Crime in Phoenix for instance is down significantly over the past couple of years.
KYL: Well, that's a gross generalization. Property crimes are up, certain violent crimes on certain parts of the citizenry are up. Phoenix is a very large source of kidnapping. It's called the kidnapping capital of the United States…So there's a great deal of violence and crime associated with illegal immigrants.
Watch it:
Far from being a "gross generalization," as undocumented immigration has increased, crime in Arizona has dropped in almost every category — including property crime. FBI statistics show that Arizona's overall crime rate dropped 12 percent last year and 23 percent between 2004 and 2008. More specifically, Media Matters reports that the Bureau of Justice Statistics shows that the per capita property crime rate in Arizona was lower in 2006, 2007, and 2008 than any year since 1968.
And while Kyl has repeatedly claimed that Arizona is the "kidnapping capital of the United States," adding in the past that "it's second only in the world to Mexico City," Politifact recently classified the claim as "false." According to Politifact, though the number of kidnappings that have occurred in Phoenix since 2008 have been specified, no one has said how many kidnappings were reported in other cities. Neither the FBI nor the U.S. National Central Bureau of Interpol could confirm the claim. Most experts immediately dismissed the claim that Arizona is "second only to Mexico."
In his interview, Kyl also claimed Judge Susan Bolton's decision to block the most significant provisions of SB-1070 from taking effect this past week was "wrong," despite the fact that Bolton was nominated to the bench following his recommendation and praise. Kyl admitted that "tweaking" SB-1070 "won't work to obviate the concerns of judge." Instead, Kyl recommends Congress should act to "reaffirm" that its intent is that the law should be enforced.


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- You are in:
- Homepage >
- Travel >
- Exotic holidays
Bunking down with Beatles
The four star Beatles inspired hotel has 110 rooms and is decorated from the basement up with pictures charting the history of the Fab Four, from first gigs in The Cavern Club to the present day. (Is there one showing Macca getting squeezed for every penny by Lady Mucca we wonder?)
Suites range from the deluxe John Lennon (complete with white grand piano) to the Paul McCartney room (not a leather furnishing in sight) both of which will set lodgers back a hefty 650 squibs...per night. A bog standard room's cheaper, but will still cause a hefty dint at 170 per night. Not for the proletariat then.
If you can already feel the onset of financial ruin at the very thought, there's always dinner at one of the two restaurants. Instead of checking in diners are treated to an evening of feasting with, you guessed it, a live Beatles band strumming in the background. Why not we say. Cue major economy drive.
- Tags:
- Liverpool,
- Paul McCartney,
- singer,
- celebrity,
- The Beatles,
- John Lennon,
- hotels,
- travel


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hat tip: zengardner
My March 20th article with three minutes of video attracted two prolific commenters (Colophon and Thor) claiming these are not chemtrails, but condensation trails from engine and environmental effects. I invited their responses for this follow-up article; they are below.
I had originally stated that the following 34-minute video from NWOResistance HereAndNow refuted contrail arguments because it shows spraying from various nozzle locations on different planes, such as at these video times:
- 10:21: one wing nozzle spraying chemicals.
- 13:30: one wing large nozzle spraying chemicals.
- 14:02: two tail arrays of nozzles (four per tail side) spraying chemicals.
- 14:16: one nozzle on each side of the cabin spraying chemicals.
- 14:20: two wing nozzles spraying chemicals.
- 25:30: two wing nozzles spraying chemicals.
The documentation of Thor and Colophon (links/video below) show:
- 10:21: fuel dump for an emergency landing.
- 13:30: no source of further information.
- 14:02: corexit spray in the Gulf of Mexico (a huge concern).
- 14:16: government and media claim of "mosquito spraying."
- 14:20: NASA vortice text with smoke spray.
- 25:30: fuel dump.
I appreciate Thor and Colphon's contributions for factual accuracy. I have changed the article title, and have these concerns:
- I have witnessed an explosion of these "trails" in the NoCal Bay Area skies over the past few years.
- The below documentation of large-scale government crimes "covered" by official and corporate media lies has me be concerned that chemical spraying might be "covered" as contrails.
This 110-minute video from GeoEngineering Watch explains possible motives of weather, food, and population control:
In additional evidence, consider this 1-minute BBC advert for the 2013 Wimbledon Tennis tournament that intentionally includes CGI multiple chemtrails added to the skies in the commercial. This is from the same BBC that lies in commission and omission about the UK/US lie-started and Orwellian illegal current wars. This appears to be propaganda to "normalize" chemtrails.
For historical context, this 8-minute video from HowStuffWorks documents five previous cases to disperse deadly chemicals via plane aerosols to an unknowing public:
Thrive's documentation: Danger: Chemtrails – Aerial spraying of toxic chemicals:
Over a hundred patents [1] have been granted to major corporations, including Monsanto, for aerial spraying of materials that can penetrate your lungs and blood, cause disease, disrupt your mental capacity, cause you to be sterile and even cause premature death.
The government has refused to test samples collected underneath the trails. Now a TV news report from Germany has confirmed that their military is in fact doing aerial spraying of chemtrails.[2] An article from the NIH, the National Institutes of Health, confirms that not only are chemtrails real, but they are suspected to be responsible for a variety of neurotoxic conditions including MS.[3]
Intense spraying of dangerous chemicals from planes has been reported in, at least, the US, Canada, Germany, England, Australia, Mexico, South Africa, Bahamas, Puerto Rico and Croatia. A nasty mixture of parasites, pathogens, toxic heavy metals and nano-engineered particles have been found falling to earth from the trails of certain planes. Aluminum, barium, bacillus spores, radioactive thorium, cadmium, chromium, nickel, desiccated blood, mold spores, yellow mycototoxins, ethylene dibromide and synthetic nano-fibers are among the ingredients found in collected samples.[4]
Want to Know's documentation: Chemtrails, Geoengineering, and background on human experimentation (and here).
The militaries and intelligence agencies of many countries have been conducting secret tests on their soldiers, and even their citizens for many decades. Adamant denials are often issued in response to any inquiries on these tests. But then, sometimes only decades later, the truth is revealed in public testimony, as happened in the 1975 Senate Church Committee hearings on the CIA's secret experiments. Excerpts from a Wall Street Journal article below show that "open-air tests of biological agents were conducted 239 times" by the US military. Yet all of this was kept secret from the public for decades, including the resulting casualties.
Declassified government documents show that as early as 1950, the San Francisco bay area was secretly sprayed by the US military with what was thought to be a harmless microbe to test aerosol dispersion. According to a 2004 San Francisco Chronicle article on this, "army tests showed that the bacterial cloud had exposed hundreds of thousands of people in a broad swath of Bay Area communities." At least one person died and 11 were hospitalized as a result of this test.
More recently, J. Marvin Herndon, a renowned geophysicist whose groundbreaking work has been reported in the Washington Post and more, has confirmed aerial spraying of aluminum on a wide scale, which he says is threatening the health of humanity and our planet. In the abstract for one of his scientific papers, he states:
"In response to an urgent call through an article in Current Science for assistance to understand the geological association of high aluminum mobility with human health in the Ganga Alluvial Plain, I describe evidence of clandestine geoengineering activity that has occurred for at least 15 years, and which has escalated sharply in the last two years. The geoengineering activity via tanker-jet aircraft emplaces a non-natural, toxic substance in the Earth's atmosphere which with rainwater liberates highly mobile aluminum."
Please note that the two commenters of my article ignored eight total requests if they see anything at all illegal of government actions (although commenter Colophon e-mailed me in agreement of War Crimes and others requiring arrests). Ignoring government crimes is consistent with government propagandists and in common-sense violation that anyone caring to do the research they claim would find nothing illegal among the following Emperor's New Clothes obvious:
- Unlawful and lie-began wars.
- Crimes Against Humanity for ongoing policy of poverty that's killed over 400 million human beings just in the last 20 years (~75% children; more deaths than from all wars in Earth's recorded history).
- So-called "money" that is actually debt that creates accelerating and unpayable total debt.
- Destruction of nearly all rights lawfully guaranteed in the US Bill of Rights within the US Constitution, and in Orwellian inversion of limited government.
- "Covering the crimes" with lies by corporate media.
The above facts are by definition consistent with a chemtrail purpose to weaken, kill, and control large portions of populations. Even if you're unsure about chemtrail evidence, illegal and lie-started wars are required and basic citizen knowledge to honor all our families' sacrifices through two devastating world wars.
Demanding arrests as the required and obvious public response:
The obvious categories of US .01% "leaders'" crimes include:
- Wars of Aggression (the worst crime a nation can commit).
- Likely treason for lying to US military, ordering unlawful attack and invasions of foreign lands, and causing thousands of US military deaths.
- Crimes Against Humanity for ongoing intentional policy of poverty that's killed over 400 million human beings just since 1995 (~75% children; more deaths than from all wars in Earth's recorded history).
US military, law enforcement, and all with Oaths to support and defend the US Constitution against all enemies, foreign and domestic, face an endgame choice:
- Demand arrests, with those with lawful authority to enact it. An arrest is the lawful action to stop apparent crimes, with the most serious crimes documented here meaning the most serious need for arrests.
- Watch the US escalate its rogue state crimes that annually kill millions, harm billions, and loot trillions.
In just 90 seconds, former US Marine Ken O'Keefe powerfully states how you may choose to voice "very obvious solutions": arrest the criminal leaders (video starts at 20:51, then finishes this episode of Cross Talk):
Colophan and Thor's points on three topics:
1. Regarding the March 20th article's 2-minute video from GeoEngineering Watch:
Carl: I see full-wing spraying turning on and off.
Colophon (via May 17 e-mail):
The first video, as I explained in the comments, shows contrails from an EVA Air Boeing 777 en route from Taipei to San Francisco. The video was stolen without permission from Douglas Huang, who uploaded it in 2012. It was filmed from a China Airlines 747 which was following the same route.
I contacted Mr Huang to let him know that Dane had taken his video and added his own totally baseless narration to it. He filed a complaint with YouTube but for whatever reason they allowed it to stay up. Mr Huang has since taken his video down, for unknown reasons. Attached is a screenshot confirming the above.
Wouldn't you agree this shows breathtaking dishonesty by Dane Wigington? Stealing a video without permission and adding a narration to claim it shows something that it clearly does not? Contrails are a well understood phenomenon. Due to increased air traffic and more efficient engines (with a corresponding increase in contrail factor) they are now becoming so common that contrail cloudiness is an issue that may require action. Have you seen the IPCC predicted maps of contrail cover by 2050? Making up nonsense about "spraying" simply distracts from real issues. Contrails are a minor factor in global warming, not "the greatest threat to humanity" as Dane likes to say.
You don't need an expert witness to see that Dane Wigington is talking through his hat.
(after my request that he stick to what he sees, via May 17 e-mail):
They are aerodynamic contrails. You can see that they are coming from the entire control surface of the wing, not from the engines or any spraying nozzles.
Aerodynamic contrails can form if the air is very humid but just below saturation point. As the air passes over the wing, the pressure drops (this is how the wing generates lift). By Boyles Law (pV = nRT) if you decrease the pressure of a given volume of air, then the temperature will also decrease. Colder air can hold less water vapour than warmer air, therefore if you decease the temperature the relative humidity will increase.
If the pressure drop (and therefore temperature drop) is great enough, then the relative humidity will rise above the saturation point and therefore the air will hit the dewpoint and condensation will occur.
You can often see this at ground level when planes are landing, but at low altitudes the condensation quickly evaporates. You can see it for example here: from about 0:05 condensation is blooming from the entire wing surface. https://youtu.be/Nfd8gwK-oh4
Now you may say "Ah ha but that condensation only lasts for a few seconds, Dane's video shows a persistent trail". That's because Dane's video shows a B777 at cruise altitude. At cruise altitude, if aerodynamic contrails form then the condensation will often glaciate (freeze). Once the droplets have frozen they will act like exhaust contrails (or indeed cirrus clouds) do, and therefore they will persist if the conditions allow.
I have given a rather simplified version of how aerodynamic contrails form. There's a much more in depth analysis of the parameters required in this paper published in the Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (American Meteorological Society: http://contrailscience.com/files/AC%20Phenomenology%20and%20flow%20physics.pdf
I apologise if you're offended by the ad hominem, but it gets a bit wearying being called a "troll" and a "shill" for trying to explain to people that contrails are not killing them, or (as Dane does) having comments explaining his videos deleted without ever appearing to the public.
(Correction: I should of course have said the ideal gas law, not Boyles Law, which is just one facet of the ideal gas law)
Thor: (from below comment):
The first question- colophon is exactly correct. Its an aerodynamic contrail. Formed by change in air pressure over the wing. Its different than an exhaust contrail. Here is scientific validation of their existence:
and much more:
Moreover- here is the SAME pilot filming on a different day capturing the exact same phenomenon from a different angle:
(Carl response: this video certainly does NOT show persistent and thick effects as shown in the 2-minute video in this article! I invite all interested to view the video to confirm the view from Thor's video is only and always directly at the plane and within one plane-length's view.)
Thor: Sorry- I was refering to the image on the screen as the video is embedded in this thread- it is a screen shot of this video- this video is also an aerodynamic and was filmed by the same pilot:
(Carl question: Do you agree it's possible to mask chemical spraying as persistent contrails, Thor?)
Thor: It's really not that hard to review the relevant scientific and historical record over the last 60yrs and get a basic understanding of the scientific consensus and basic science involved. Logic would suggest that that would be the first place to start in terms of research on what is and isn't possible in the atmosphere.
…and yet you cannot take that position and then turn around and claim you understand enough about "chemical spraying" to know if it could be "masked" by contrails. That's a logical fallacy. Your appeal to authority notwithstanding.
(I noted to Thor he failed to answer the question, and asked again)
2. Regarding the above 34-minute video from NWOResistance HereAndNow at 10:21, 13:30, 14:02, 14:16, 14:20, 25:30:
- 10:21: I see one wing nozzle spraying chemicals.
- 13:30: I see one wing large nozzle spraying chemicals.
- 14:02: I see two tail arrays of nozzles (four per tail side) spraying chemicals.
- 14:16: I see a nozzle on each side of the cabin spraying chemicals.
- 14:20: I see two wing nozzles spraying chemicals.
- 25:30: I see two wing nozzles spraying chemicals.
In answer to your question, the majority of those clips show emergency fuel dumping from aircraft. This is indeed a form of pollution but it is only done in an emergency if the aircraft has to land while still above the safe landing weight (for instance if a plane fuelled for a long flight has to return to the airport soon after takeoff).
It's worth noting that fuel dumps do not form persistent trails (like contrails or what get called "chemtrails") — the fuel quickly evaporates and does not form lasting clouds.
Two of the sections you mention are not fuel dumps. The one at 14:16 is a photo of a C-130 spraying for mosquitoes, taken from here: http://miami.cbslocal.com/2012/07/10/low-flying-plane-is-on-a-mosquito-mission/
And the one at 14:20 appears to be a crop of this photo of a 1974 wake vortex study using smoke generators on a 747 (a photo that gets used a lot by chemtrailers) http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/about/Organizations/Technology/Facts/TF-2004-14-DFRC.html
(Carl response: Thank you, Thor 🙂
So that seems to resolve a few of those images; I appreciate you looking. If you're interested in the topic of large-scale crimes, you might look into the corexit chemical spraying, btw.
I'm still concerned about a few areas:
1. the 14:16 apparent chemical spraying from both sides of a plane's cabin.
2. the apparent ability to dump chemicals indistinguishable from any natural occurring water condensation. Do you have a better answer for this point?
3. the context of what experts find as MASSIVE crimes of state centering in war, money, and lies. This is not a "meme", straw man argument, or "politics" if you care to look. I am one such expert who can easily explain, document, and prove such government crimes, and invite anyone who cares to attempt refutation. You shouldn't make such claims when you apparently haven't looked. You may wish to do what I have done: ask and then look at the evidence.
You asked why I didn't look for myself. I asked Colophon and you to provide what seems a topic of interest opportunity to express more than I think I could provide (Colophon says he's a scientist and journalist).
Oh, the video does show tremendous volume coming from jet engines at the 15:47 mark, if you'd like to comment.
You also asked if the video is somehow propaganda since it shows images that are refuted as "chemtrails." I answer that I don't think so. "We the People" are indeed faced with massive crimes and only "hobby time" and resources to communicate our responses.
I find enough evidence of concern to appreciate the video.)
3. Regarding seeing any large government crimes, such as illegal and lie-started Wars of Aggression as documented in this article:
Carl: Please see this article's documentation above.
Colophon: (via May 16 e-mail, and so far choosing to not include in my two article requests for public consideration)
There are plenty of areas where politicians should be subject to arrest. The fabricated WMD claims that led to the war in Iraq (which saw up to 3 million people take to the streets in protest in the UK and maybe 12 million people around the world) at the top end of the scale, the faked and inappropriate expenses claims we have seen from dozens of MPs at the other.
Then there are the countless examples of government policies being set with ulterior motives based on business interests. The systematic dismantling of the National Health Service is a great example – pushed through by politicians with ties to private healthcare companies which will benefit from privatisation. That's an issue that is particularly close to my heart.
Thor: (from below comment):
The third question is also easy- I don't trust the government. Sometimes they lie and cheat.
(my follow-up: "Thank you. Do you see any crimes requiring arrests, such as lie-started Wars of Aggression as documented in this article?")
Thor: Again…the whole "crime against humanity" meme is a strawman. My politics have nothing to with whether "chemtrails" are real or not. I am here to discuss the facts regarding supposed "chemtrails".
(My follow-up: The responsibility of citizen understanding of basic laws is something you see as "politics"? I won't ask again, but with all families sacrificing through two world wars, you know nothing and have no curiosity about lie-started and illegal Wars of Aggression in the present?
Say whatever you wish, Thor. I will contribute it to public understanding.)
Note: I make all factual assertions as a National Board Certified Teacher of US Government, Economics, and History, with all economics factual claims receiving zero refutation since I began writing in 2008 among Advanced Placement Macroeconomics teachers on our discussion board, public audiences of these articles, and international conferences. I invite readers to empower their civic voices with the strongest comprehensive facts most important to building a brighter future. I challenge professionals, academics, and citizens to add their voices for the benefit of all Earth's inhabitants.
Carl Herman is a National Board Certified Teacher of US Government, Economics, and History; also credentialed in Mathematics. He worked with both US political parties over 18 years and two UN Summits with the citizen's lobby, RESULTS, for US domestic and foreign policy to end poverty. He can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com
Note: Examiner.com has blocked public access to my articles on their site (and from other whistleblowers), so some links in my previous work are blocked. If you'd like to search for those articles other sites may have republished, use words from the article title within the blocked link. Or, go to http://archive.org/web/, paste the expired link into the box, click "Browse history," then click onto the screenshots of that page for each time it was screen-shot and uploaded to webarchive. I'll update as "hobby time" allows; including my earliest work from 2009 to 2011 (blocked author pages: here, here).


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Video (Vimeo)
What is Amateur Radio?
Amateur Radio, also known as Ham Radio, is a hobby with activities involving communication using the radio frequency spectrum. Most enthusiasts are fascinated with operating radio transmitters, receivers and antennas or how radio waves are able to get from one corner of the earth to another.
How is Amateur Radio fun?
The fun comes from various activities:
DXing: This is making long Distance radio contacts via Morse Code, Voice or Digital Modulation with another ham radio station in a another country, thousands of kilometers away, with just your radio transmitter, an antenna, and radio waves. There are over 300 countries (entities) for you to 'work'. Some countries are extremely difficult to make contact with, because there aren't any hams there. Listen to Nan, 9V1AC, in Singapore "working" with a ham in the Netherlands.
Satellite Communications: This is like DXing, except that dedicated Radio Amateur Satellites in low space orbits are used to relay the signals. Watch a ham in eastern Java, Indonesia work Siva 9V1SV in Singapore by using a handie-talkie and a homebuilt high-gain antenna.
Collecting and Exchanging QSL cards: Just as there are stamp and coin collectors, there are Hams, who collect and exchange QSL cards. A QSL card is a personalized card, which hams exchange to proof that a radio contact did happen. When a ham has proof that he has 'worked' 100 different countries, he can apply for the prestigious DXCC award.
Rag Chewing: Just simply having chat through the radio with a Ham in Singapore, or with another Ham in Japan can be quite interesting. You may both be old acquaintances or more often, be meeting on the air for the first time. You can talk about anything decent under the sun, except business, politics and religion.
Projects: Many Hams build electronic projects and write software (coding) for their devices. We experiment with building transmitters, receivers, RF amplifiers, antennas, decoders, test equipment and software defined radios (SDR) within the limits of our license privileges. Quite often, radios are interfaced with the PC for digital communication modes, like FT8, PSK31, D-STAR or Packet Radio.
Contesting: There are various contests conducted regularly by the various ham organizations around the world. Each contest has a theme, for example, in the CQ Worldwide DX contest, participants try to 'work' (contact) as many stations as possible in a 48 hour weekend period. Points are scored depending on the number of countries and region worked.
DXpeditions: Imagine 6 hams from various countries, with 1850 kg of radio equipment, personal stuff and food, sailing on a ship for 2 weeks, to a remote island, with a difficult-to-pronounce-name in the South Atlantic Ocean, brazing sub-zero temperatures for 6 days, working in shifts to make radio contact with other hams around the world. This IS extreme fun! Watch the 2007 BS7H DXpedition .


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Every week in the UK, 12 children and young people die suddenly because of undiagnosed heart conditions.
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Lista tytułów z wydawnictwa "Finders Keepers Records"
- siatka
- lista
Man Of Marble LP
98,00 zł 93,10 zł
Stargate Tapes 2LP
99,00 zł 94,00 zł
Man Of Marble (Winyl) 1. Man Of Marble (Baby Bump) 2. The Port 3. Saved From Oblivion 4. Figures Of Marble 5. A Witness 6. In The Shipyard 7. ...
Emerald Web was an American musical duo, made up of the husband-wife team of Bob Stohl and Kat Epple. Founded in 1978 and active through the 1980s, the ...


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HOOD'S HAPPENING'S is about us two "older" (getting there) folk, and what ever we may be doing with life. Most of our time is taken up with our little girl, Miss Mindy. She has become the love of our life! You will see a lot about her here!
Wednesday, March 21, 2012
My Pressies
I sure am getting some SAAWEET pressies today! Great foodables, toys, another new dress,treats, and a super duper safe car seat! Lets go traveling now Mom and DadQ
14 comments:
- Jill said...
Woohoo!!! Love all of your goodies! You sure deserve 'em!
- March 21, 2012 at 11:02 AM
- Hound Girl said...
Oh wow what awesome pressies! I love your new dress and your car seat is sooooo cool! They dont make those big enough for us dogs over here :)
- March 21, 2012 at 11:03 AM
- Gloria Hood said...
Mom is so screwy today! This posted at the wrong time, but it is all fixed now! (two hours later BOL)
Miss Mindy
- March 21, 2012 at 12:30 PM
- Bassetmomma said...
Oh my! You sure got spoiled on your birthday! I love your new sundress!
- March 21, 2012 at 12:48 PM
WOW!!!! You mom and dad sure do LOVE YOU Miss Mindy!!!! Your so Lucky!!
Awesome Pressies!!!!
Hugs and Belly Rubs
miz liz
- March 21, 2012 at 12:55 PM
- 3 doxies said...
I'M HERES...I'M HERES to sees all your pressies. Oh my girl, did you score or what?
You is gonna looks likes a hot tamale in dat dress...hold da boys back. And food...food is always awesome!
- March 21, 2012 at 1:42 PM
- Bobbi said...
Just look at that dress!! So cute... Miss Mindy you did good!! Have fun with your pressies...
- March 21, 2012 at 3:34 PM
- Madi and Mom said...
Miss Mindy I think even I would enjoy riding in a car with a very extra special seat like you have. That is about the neatest thing I've ever seen!! Love your new frock. Mom says she has some pink and green pop beads (ask your Mom if she remembers those) that would look quite lovely with your new frock.
Hugs from your BFFF,
- March 21, 2012 at 3:40 PM
- The Island Cats said...
Hello, Miss Mindy! Madi sent us over to say Happy Birthday!!
- March 21, 2012 at 9:25 PM
- Scrappy said...
IT's your birthday! Well look at all that loot you got! You are pretty lucky! That car seat is COOL!
- March 21, 2012 at 11:14 PM
Tootie sends Happy Birthday wishes to Miss Mindy...she's a little envious of all the presents, tho. Except that car seat contraption. Being a dog who has high anxiety in the car, she's not one to sit quietly, heehee. Happy Birthday Miss Mindy!
- March 21, 2012 at 11:38 PM
- 2browndawgs said...
What a stash...lucky you!
- March 22, 2012 at 8:34 AM
- Chatty Crone said...
Your birthday presents.
- March 22, 2012 at 1:24 PM
- Kari in Vegas said...
Those are AWESOME!!!!
Stop on by for a visit
- March 22, 2012 at 8:04 PM


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Hi, my name is Richard Grant, I'm an Australian, and I was born on the 15th of November 1928. I didn't get a very good education, left school at the age of 14. Worked most of my life on the farms in Australia and then went into the logging industry and sawmilling with bulldozers, old trucks and old machinery. I've been married twice, 4 children from the first marriage. I have 7 grand children and 5 great grand children.
This is the book I wrote during my spiritual awakening and I'd like to share it with you. Please feel free to leave a comment.
Purchase using Paypal – no signup required – click Add to Cart button, then 'continue checkout'.
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Please also take a look at my interview with Justin from the PhilosophyForum.com. You can also read my About Me page to learn more about my awakeing. Please feel free to comment on the book below.


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- FitPregnancy.com
- Recipes
- Nutrition
- Fried Chicken Tenders
Fried Chicken Tenders
Marinating the chicken tenders in low-fat buttermilk (the longer, the better!) makes them juicy, tender and flavorful. Panko (small, flaky bread crumbs common in Japanese cuisine) or finely crushed unsweetened cornflakes provides a great crunchy texture. Using only 2 tablespoons of oil instead of the 4 cups usually used when making fried chicken cuts the fat considerably.
- 1 pound chicken breast tenders
- 2 cups low-fat buttermilk
- 1 1/2 cups unsweetened cornflakes cereal, finely crushed; or panko
- 1/4 cup grated Parmesan cheese
- 1 tablespoon minced Italian parsley
- 2 tablespoons canola oil, divided
Make It
1. Place the chicken and buttermilk in a baking dish. Cover and refrigerate for at least 1 hour. (Marinating for up to 24 hours will make the chicken even more tender and flavorful.) Combine the cornflakes (or panko), cheese and parsley in a shallow dish. Remove the chicken, discard the buttermilk and roll the tenders in the cornflakes (or panko) mixture until coated. Set on a rack.
2. Heat 1 tablespoon of the canola oil in a nonstick skillet over medium heat. Fry half the tenders in the oil until cooked through, about 8-10 minutes, turning halfway through with tongs. Repeat with remaining oil and tenders. Tenders may be kept warm in a 200 degrees F oven until ready to serve.


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Long, long ago in a data center far, far away, there was one choice for storage. Spinning media hard disks were the only option for fast storage, high-capacity storage, and anything in between. In that time, let's just call it … Continue reading →
Pogo Linux Corporation
8675 154th Ave NE
Redmond, WA 98052
Phone – (888) 828-POGO (7646) Option #1
Email – firstname.lastname@example.com
Fax – (888) 898-2299


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Pintus, Maria Annunziata and Nicolazzi, Ezequiel Luis and Van Kaam, Jan B.C.H.M. and Biffani, Stefano and Stella, Alessandra and Gaspa, Giustino and Dimauro, Corrado and Macciotta, Nicolò Pietro Paolo (2013) Use of different statistical models to predict direct genomic values for productive and functional traits in Italian Holsteins. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Vol. 130 (1), p. 32-40. ISSN 0931-2668. eISSN 1439-0388. Article.
Full text not available from this repository.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2012.01019.x
One of the main issues in genomic selection was the huge unbalance between number of markers and phenotypes available. In this work, principal component analysis is used to reduce the number of predictors for calculating direct genomic breeding values (DGV) for production and functional traits. 2093 Italian Holstein bulls were genotyped with the 54 K Illumina beadchip, and 39 555 SNP markers were retained after data editing. Principal Components (PC) were extracted from SNP matrix, and 15 207 PC explaining 99% of the original variance were retained and used as predictors. Bulls born before 2001 were included in the reference population, younger animals in the test population. A BLUP model was used to estimate the effect of principal component on deregressed proof (DRPF) for 35 traits and results were compared to those obtained by using SNP genotypes as predictors either with BLUP or with Bayes_A models. Correlations between DGV and DRPF did not substantially differ among the three methods except for milk fat content. The lowest prediction bias was obtained for the method based on the use of principal component. Regression coefficients of DRPF on DGV were lower than one for the approach based on the use of PC and higher than one for the other two methods. The use of PC as predictors resulted in a large reduction of number of predictors (approximately 38%) and of computational time that was approximately 2% of the time needed to estimate SNP effects with the other two methods. Accuracies of genomic predictions were in most of cases only slightly higher than those of the traditional pedigree index, probably due to the limited size of the considered population.
I documenti depositati in UnissResearch sono protetti dalle leggi che regolano il diritto d'autore
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The President and congressional leaders have repeatedly acceded to the demands of the right-leaning faction of the Democratic Party on health care. Typically, when congresspeople get what they want in a bill, they proceed to vote for that bill.
Yet not one Democratic "No" vote on the more liberal House health care bill has stepped up to say "Yes" to the compromise that has everything they asked for.
The New Republic's Neera Tanden yesterday made a polite call for conservaDem support:
Let's go issue by issue. The Blue Dogs opposed the public plan that featured so prominently in the House bill. Well, the Senate scrapped that a long time ago. Blue Dogs wanted more cost-containment policies. Well, the Senate bill is not just stronger, but substantially so. It features a robust Independent Payment Advisory Board with authority to lower Medicare payment rates. The House bill doesn't even have such a commission. The Senate bill also has stronger provisions to push payment reform through a new "innovation center" that will reward quality of care, rather than the volume of care that doctors provide. These are important moves away from the fee-for-service system.
Some House moderates criticized the House bill for taxing the rich. Lucky for them, that's barely in the Senate bill. While the House bill used the millionaire's tax to raise $460 billion in revenues, the Senate bill has a Medicare tax that raises only $87 billion from high-income folks.
What about deficit reduction? Both the House and Senate bills would reduce the deficit by upwards of $100 billion over the next decade, but the Congressional Budget Office gives the Senate bill better marks over the next decade on longer-term savings. The CBO says the Senate bill "would reduce federal budget deficits over the decade after 2019 relative to those projected under current law—with a total effect during that decade that is in a broad range between one-quarter percent and one-half percent of GDP."
If they won all these battles, why the hesitation? According to their own words, conservaDems simply ignore that they successfully killed the public option, and whine about cost.
But that makes no sense, because all versions of health care legislation have been deemed as cutting the deficit and bending the long-term cost curve downward.
So if their substantive claim doesn't make sense, the only remaining reason in political.
They're afraid the bill will be unpopular, because polls show skepticism of "the bill", even though they show support for the main provisions of bill.
Why the disconnect?
Well maybe because all these conservaDems keep talking about how costly the bill is, instead of praising to the skies that the bill WILL CUT THE DEFICIT.
A part of me would prefer conservaDems to bail on their own bill.
Voting against provision they fought for, for cheap political reasons would definitively prove that these are not principled centrists heroically resisting ideological purity, but timid political hacks who should not be allow to ruin every policy idea that comes down the pike.
But the sober side of me knows if they do sink the bill, the message of conservaDem hackery would not be heard.
The message would be of progressive failure to pass health care reform. And 30 million people would go without health insurance and the costs for everyone would continue to mushroom.
So we need to do everything we can to convert previous Dem "No" votes to "Yes" (because of death and resignations, the House cannot rely on only the "Yes" votes from before).
That means we need to make the conservaDems case for them, so it will be harder for them to run scared from taking action.


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The toothpaste that you select must be based on the needs for your oral hygiene. It also depends on the kind of teeth and gums that you have and their concerns. Toothpaste must have several factors going for it if it wants to be termed good toothpaste.These factors are:
Your toothpaste must be able to provide you with the protection needed to help your teeth and gums remain healthy. This must minimize the formation of carries and infections of all kinds.
Your toothpaste must contain fluorine which enables the enzymes in the saliva to help your teeth gets its strength and keeps cavities at bay in children and adults. Ultimately, what it does is to protect your teeth and gums against all kinds of destruction and hardships. It also protects your enamel so that the bacteria have no chance of entering inside and harming the whole tooth.
Toothpastes allow our teeth to be able to maintain the right color. Over the years what we eat and drink such as caffeine found in tea and coffee, and nicotine in cigarettes, makes our teeth discolored. Discoloration of your teeth is not a very healthy sign and does nothing to make your teeth look good. What one needs is the right toothpaste that can help you to avoid discoloring.
Bad Breath
Good toothpaste must be able to guard you against bad breath and hence other diseases too. The toothpaste must have the ability to keep harmful microbes at bay so that one will not have to combat with halitosis which is scientific word for bad breath. Toothpastes that contain natural ingredients and other formulations enable the triggers that cause bad breath to be kept under control. Good toothpaste enables you to be able to brush the way you are meant to.
The toothpaste must be able to stop the buildup of tartar and plaque so that there are no problems of infection later on. Toothpastes formulated accordingly will be able to keep both these harmful concerns of plaque and tartar at bay.
Therefore, on the whole your toothpaste must be in a position to be able to maintain good oral health. It should help to keep you far away from cavities, prevent the buildup of tartar and plaque, and should be able to also guard your teeth from bad breath and discoloration.
A toothpaste that uses natural ingredients such as cinnamon, clove, peppermint, spearmint and winter mint all enable the best of nature to help take care of your oral hygiene health without any harmful after effects to it and, also provides you with the best of natural flavors to leave your teeth and mouth feeling fresh and clean.
At the same time the toothpaste must not be harsh enough so that it goes on to cause an abrasive effect on ones teeth and gums.
All of these are what you should look for in your toothpaste.
Free Dental Consultation


text:
Our School Spirit Lasts An Eternity
"We'd like to send a special thank you to the morning GAP workers, Mrs. Stanley and Mr. Lee. This is our first year at SCA . . ."
Ulysia Castleberry
".This school has some awesome high school students. They worked diligently at Beaumont Baptist Church...cleaning, brush removal...Thanks is such a small word... I saw the hands and . . ."
Lee Watkins
"The teachers and staff of Summit Christian Academy (LSCCS when I was there) will never know how much they impacted my life. I moved . . ."
Steven Smith
Summit Christian Academy encourages students to find success post-graduation. We're proud of many alumni who've received college scholarships and have formed very successful careers.
We encourage alumni to stay in contact with our school. Alumni are always welcome to come to campus and visit before school, during lunch, or after school.
If you are an alumnus, please let us know what you are doing by sending an email to firstname.lastname@example.com or email@example.com. We are always looking to share your stories with other SCA alumni! Please keep us up-to-date with your address and email.


text:
Live Webcast, June 14th, 2017
Recording Now Available
On June 7, 2017, the updated Cisco VNI Complete Forecast (2016–2021) will be publicly released. This annual report projects future fixed and mobile Internet traffic growth and application trends. Here is a sample of what you will learn during the June 14, 2017 Cisco Knowledge Network (CKN) session:
The Cisco VNI team will share the new findings from the updated studies and answer your IP traffic and service trend questions. You will also learn where and how you can access Cisco VNI content for your own business and technical planning and analysis.


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What: 5-6 day Holiday Workshop
5 days instruction Mon-Fri 10am-3pm with one-hour lunch break with some afternoon and Saturday group activities in Florence with our host, sculptor, and co-owner/operator, of The Florence Studio, Frank Rekrut.
Dates: Oct 9-13, 2017
Price: 875 Euros, 50% non-refundable deposit due at time of registration. That price includes model fees. Students are responsible for their own airfare and accommodations. Email me at email@example.com or Laura at The Florence Studio, firstname.lastname@example.com to register
About the workshop: This is a back to basics, oil painting, portrait class working from a
live model.
All skill levels are welcome from beginning to advanced. We will spend the first two days working on drawing, value and color mixing. The last three days we will put it all together in a painting of a single pose. I will give step-by-step demonstrations and individual easel to easel critiques.
Most of all it's going to be fun! As of now, I think there are two spots open.
This is from a quick demo I did at the Portrait Society of Atlanta, last year.
See you in Florence.


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Attractive decors, impressive craftsmanship
Sun, rain, ashes, acid and grease - table tops have to stand up to a lot, especially outdoors. Table tops from WERZALIT shrug off almost everything without a trace. They are practically impervious to mechanical, thermal and chemical influences.
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Brass or chrome ring available on all 600mm and 700mm Round Werzalit table tops.


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Wine's cheat sheet
Hotels charge what they think the market can bear. There is no set formula. Prices of wine are based only on a desire to maximise profit. What they sell it at is a different matter. Vir Sanghvi presents a comparative list of the prices of a bottle of Moet et Chandon.india Updated: Sep 27, 2011 13:22 IST
Hotels charge what they think the market can bear. There is no set formula. Prices of wine are based only on a desire to maximise profit and I have my ex-boss to thank for this piece. It happened this way. I was sitting at the Orient Express having a quiet family dinner when I noticed that the restaurant's staff was buzzing around a VIP table at the end of the restaurant.
It turned out to be Aveek Sarkar, who paid my salary till 1999 (when I left ABP and joined the HT), along with TN Ninan (another ex-employee of Aveek's who now heads Business Standard), Chiki Sarkar (Aveek's daughter who has just been appointed head of Penguin on her own merits, though Penguin India is also part of Aveek's empire) and Nandan Nilekani (who needs no introduction).This star-studded gathering was interrupted when Aveek set off for the loo. He passed our table, took in the very nice, but hardly exceptional, wine that we were drinking and generously promised to send over a bottle of the stuff his table was quaffing. It turned out that Aveek, Ninan and gang were drinking one of the world's most famous wines, Mouton Rothschild, a first growth from Bordeaux. It also turned out that they had drunk the hotel's entire stock of Mouton 1998 (according to Aveek, an exceptional year) so Aveek asked the sommelier to send us a bottle of the 1999 vintage ("good but hardly in the same league," he said, stroking his beard thoughtfully) and to put it on his bill. I would never have been able to afford Mouton Rothschild at the Orient Express so we accepted the bottle gratefully as a gift from an ex-boss to an ex-employee and did not dare ask how much the wine cost. But the next day Aveek called. "Do you know how much the Mouton cost?" he asked. I gulped and said nervously that I had no idea.
"Well, the 1998 we were drinking cost Rs 39,900," he said (and there was a pause in the conversation owing to my sharp intake of breath), "but the 1999 I sent you was Rs 28,0900." "Ah, yes," I said, not sure where the conversation was heading. "I am having dinner with a very high profile person today," he continued (more high-profile than the claret-swilling Ninan and Nandan?), "and I thought I would order the same wine at the Oberoi. But do you know how much the Oberoi charges for exactly the same bottle?" I indicated that these were not wines I ordered on a regular basis, the way he did, so could he please just tell me what the Oberoi price was? "It is one hundred thousand rupees!" he expostulated. "Not the 1998, which is the more expensive one. That is how much the Oberoi charges for the 1999! And the Taj Palace only charges Rs 28,900! How can they justify it?" I mumbled something about how the Oberoi's prices included tax while the Taj Palace's prices do not but I knew that taxes, though high (around 29 per cent) could not account for the vast price difference. (Rs 1 lakh versus Rs 28,900.) "There is a piece in this," said Aveek.
And as the man had been my boss (Editor-in-Chief of all ABP publications) for over a dozen years, who was I to disagree?Besides, he was right. If there are such huge disparities in wine pricing, consumers needed to be made aware. None of us will order the same wines as Aveek does, but the principle of variable pricing is a dangerous one.
So, I looked at the wine lists of other deluxe hotels. The 1999 Mouton on the Imperial list (the wine Aveek had sent me and which cost Rs 28,900 at the Taj Palace) was Rs 62,000 or more than double the Taj Palace price. (But still cheaper than the Oberoi!) The Leela Palace had an even more outrageous price: Rs 1,25,000. If you include around 29 per cent in tax, that meant that the wine would cost around Rs 1.6 lakh or 60 per cent more than the Oberoi's price! (The Maurya doesn't have much quality wine so the Mouton doesn't even feature on its list. Though I am assured that ITC will now take wine seriously.) I then had another thought. There are two Taj hotels in Delhi. Do they charge the same amount for wine? Apparently not. At the Taj Mahal, they did not have the Mouton 1998 (the wine that Aveek, Ninan etc. drank the Taj Palace out of) but they did have the 1999. They were selling it at Rs 58,000. That was nearly twice the price of the Taj Palace's Mouton 1998 but still a fraction of the R1,25,000 that the Leela Palace charges. Even so, it seemed a bit odd for one Taj to charge twice the price for the same bottle of wine as the other. All this got me thinking. Is there any logic to wine pricing? How can the Leela charge Rs 1,25,000 for a wine that costs Rs 28,900 at the Taj Palace, a mere 10-minute drive away? I can understand Le Cirque charging more than the Orient Express (though Aveek also insisted that the food at the Orient Express was far superior to Le Cirque) because restaurant prices are subjective. But a bottle of wine is the exact same product. Could it be that hotels think that the rich don't care; that if somebody is willing to pay Rs 30,000 or so for a bottle of wine, he won't mind paying Rs 1.6 lakh for the same bottle? If so, then they are clearly wrong, judging by Aveek Sarkar's reaction.Given that most of us will have to mortgage our homes to pay for the kinds of wines that Aveek Sarkar drinks on a regular basis, I don't suppose we should worry too much about the prices of first growth clarets. On the other hand, many of us will order say, a bottle of champagne, at one of these hotels to celebrate a birthday or an anniversary or something special. Does the same principle apply? Do champagne prices vary as dramatically? It turns out they do. I took as my starting point, the price of basic Moet et Chandon, the world's best-selling champagne. Nobody will confirm this in writing but hotels buy it for something like Rs 1,800 to Rs 2,000 a bottle.
What they sell it at is a different matter. Here is a comparative list of the prices of a bottle of Moet et Chandon.
Taj Palace: Rs 5,500
The Oberoi: Rs 9,000 (includes tax)
Taj Mahal: Rs 5,000
The Maurya: Rs 7,700
Leela Palace: Rs 7,200
So will somebody explain to me how the same champagne can go from Rs 5,000 (the Taj price) to Rs 7,700 (the Maurya price) to Rs 9,000 (the Oberoi though that includes tax)? It is an easily available wine bought from the local outpost of Moet et Chandon by everybody at roughly the same price.
When you look at premium champagnes, it gets even more confusing. Here are the prices for the 2000 vintage of Dom Perignon (also made by Moet et Chandon).
The Oberoi: Rs 22,500 (includes tax)
Leela Palace: Rs 20,000
The Maurya: NA but the 1999 is Rs 27,500
Taj Palace: Rs 15,900
Taj Mahal: Rs 22,000
So how does the Taj Mahal justify charging Rs 6,000 more than the Palace (about 40 per cent more) for exactly the same wine? I think you have got the point by now. Hotels charge what they think the market can bear. There is no set formula. Prices are based only on a desire to maximise profit. As a general rule, I found that the cheapest wines (across all price brands) were at the Taj Palace; and the most expensive were at the Leela. At the Imperial and the Taj, where prices were higher than the Taj Palace, the range of the wine list made up to some extent though, in my view, there is nothing to touch the Taj Palace's list, for price and range.
Perhaps I am wrong. Perhaps Aveek Sarkar is an exception. But my guess is that as Indians become more knowledgeable about wine, they will start resenting being ripped off. Even if they can afford expensive wine, they will not condone highway robbery. They will just stop frequenting hotels that cheat their guests by ripping them off on wine sales.
One Wine – Many Prices
The Cloudy Bay Sauvignon Blanc is one of New Zealand's most famous wines. The winery is now owned by Moet et Chandon, which supplies the wine to Indian hotels. Even so prices vary.
Here are the prices of the 2010 vintage.
Taj Mahal: Rs 7,000
Leela Palace: Rs 7,500
The Imperial: Rs 9,100
The Maurya: Rs 8,000
The Oberoi: Rs 8,000 (includes tax)
Taj Palace: Rs 4,700 (2007 vintage)
The Taj Palace is the cheapest. The Imperial and the Maurya are the most expensive. Every hotel should be able to buy the wine at the same cost. The difference in selling price only demonstrates the levels of greed.
Storm in a wine glass
It is a common enough phenomenon at five-star hotels. Guests arrive for dinner. The waiter suggests an aperitif of a glass of champagne. Guests think it sounds too cheap to ask how much? So, they just say yes, thinking it can't cost that much.
Actually, it can. Most hotels buy their basic champagne at around Rs 2,000 a bottle or less. But, as I discovered, that isn't always reflected in the prices charged to guests.
My colleague, Tavishi Paitandy Rastogi, asked Delhi hotels how much their cheapest glass of champagne was. The variation in price went up to 90 per cent.
Shangri-La: Bollinger Special Cuvee; Rs 850
Leela Palace: Louis Roederer NV; Rs 1,350
Taj Mahal: Pommery; Rs 800
Taj Palace: Mumm Cordon Rouge; Rs 1,100
ITC Maurya: Piper-Heidsieck; Rs 950
The Oberoi: Moet et Chandon; Rs 1,500 (includes tax)
The best value is the Taj Mahal. The worst is that serial offender, the Leela Palace, more expensive even than the Oberoi once you have added tax.
From HT Brunch, September 25
Follow us on twitter.com/HTBrunch
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First Published: Sep 23, 2011 20:05 IST


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Training Division
The Training Unit oversees the ongoing professional development of our school bus drivers, bus monitors and crossing guards.
Ken Graff
Driver Training Instructor/Bus Driver
Driver's Corner
See below for the calendar of events for the Welcome Back!
Instructions on how to install the new C.E. White Portable Child Restraint Seat.
Illinois Professional School Bus Driver Training Curriculum Book


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Our goals are to help small businesses effectively market their products and services and, at the same time, to help parents learn about wonderful products and services offered by the members listed on our website.
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|Team Name
|Suffolk Rams
|Suffolk Law School
|Kylie Germann & Alejandro Machin Rojas
|Team Color
|Blue, White & Gold
|Team Mascot
|A one eyed peacock.
|Team 90s TV Show
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|Team Song
|Distance to Charlottesville, VA
|552 miles
|Player Roster
|Kylie Germann
Meghan Huggan
Michelle Missigman
Lauren McNelley
Anthony Moccia
Alejandro Machin Rojas
Gregory Ucuz
John Fahey
Patrick Brennan Lincoln
Sean Patrick Kelly
Robert Geddes
Matthew Bianchi
Andrew Ehle
Gerard Damiani
John Trakas
|Star Players
|The 1L's who are still coming through despite memo's, oral arguments and the general hell that is 1L year! Cameron Trudeau & Bradley Feimer!
|Law Review Nerds
|Team History
|We have a TON of 4L's coming for their last year!
|Practice Regimen
|Drinking & Occasionally playing a tournament in Boston…
|Want To Play Against
|Anyone we can!
|DON'T Want To Play Against
|Favorite Thing About The Tournament
|The team bonding that we are forced to experience in the 14 hour drive to and from Boston!
|The Tournament Would Be More Awesome If
|We didn't have to leave Sunday morning!
|Watching the Harvard kid get pelted in the eye with a softball… poor dude…


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Even if the holidays are not upon us, it's best that we start planning these vacations now and plan it in Brisbane where a mix of everything you'll love is found, no less. Though some may argue that going to a city won't be as relaxing as going to the more rural places, there's something about Brissie that fully magnetizes you—taking you in its control and making you fall in love more and more as the days pass by.
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Coles Supermarket
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+61 7 3263 26
You'll be happy to know that in one stop, you'll have everything you ever wanted. This city is abuzz with activity and urban culture so wherever you go, you are sure to have a grand time, and we're not exaggerating anything. Plus, when you hire a car from Apollo Motorhome Holidays, you can always assured that you have quality, reliability and affordability by your side.
Start your trip in downtown Brisbane from our branch found in 55 Charlotte Street. Drive around the wonders of the city, stopping only where you know will be of your best interests. Go for shopping at the Queen Street Mall and then learn how the city began and thrived through the years in tower that is the Museum of Brisbane and the City Hall. After that, you can visit the City Botanic Gardens for some relaxing vegetation.
Coles Supermarket
The Myer Centre Brisbane, 91 Queen Street
+61 7 3211 9393
Commonwealth Bank
240 Queen Street, Brisbane QLD
+61 7 3237 4449
Quest River Park Central
120 Mary Street, Brisbane
+61 7 3838 1000
IStay River City
79 Albert Street, Brisbane
+61 1300 766 558
Newmarket Gardens Caravan Park
199 Ashgrove Avenue, Ashgrove
+61 7 3356 1458