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Topical Microbicides
Removing Barriers to HIV Prevention
The Trouble with Condoms
Ask a group of people to word associate the phrase "HIV prevention" and chances are you'll hear a chorus of "condoms!" in return. Thanks to exhaustive safer sex educational campaigns, millions of people know that a properly used condom can successfully impede transmission of HIV and many other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Most people also know that infection with other STDs, such as gonorrhea, raises the possibility that a person will become infected with HIV.
Yet millions of people do not use condoms and continue to put themselves at risk every time they have sex. This knowledge/behavior disconnect is reflected in recent increases in infection rates of HIV and other STDs such as syphilis, gonorrhea and chlamydia. A recent estimate of HIV infection in young, gay black men is a startling 30%.
Why, armed with condoms and information, do people continue to put themselves at risk? The reasons are many. Some of them are:
Safe sex fatigue. Plainly put, people are tired of constantly being on guard against HIV.
Some people regard condoms as a barrier to sexual pleasure and deep intimacy. Many studies suggest that only 20% of people in a stable relationship use condoms. Even those who use condoms with "outside" partners may be unwilling or unable to use them with a primary partner. One study conducted at Columbia University showed that 43% of men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) reported inconsistent condom use.
Women (and some men) often don't have control over when and how they have sex. Asking a man to use a condom may result in a woman being beaten, threatened, or abandoned by her partner. The possibility of a violent response is especially high if a man believes that condoms imply a lessening of male pleasure, promiscuity or lack of fidelity, or a woman's "inappropriate" knowledge of sexual practices.
Prevention methods based on condom use, monogamy, and abstinence have failed to keep millions of people from becoming infected with HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Each day sees as many as 16,000 new HIV infections globally. There are 34 million people in the world living with HIV/AIDS and 95% of infections occur in developing countries. More than 90% of these HIV infections are transmitted through unprotected sex and at least 5% of those infections are transmitted through anal sex. Adding to this bleak picture, UNAIDS reports (as it has every year for at least the last 5 years) that it will be 10 years or longer before an effective preventative vaccine is ready for use.
Topical Microbicides: New Hope for HIV/STD Prevention
There is no magic bullet solution to stop the spread of HIV and other STDs. Complex issues including poverty, disenfranchisement, and powerlessness defy easy solutions. Meanwhile, people who do not or cannot use condoms need the tools to protect themselves now. As a convenient and practical method of prevention, topical microbicides represent such a tool.
What Is a Microbicide?
A microbicide is any substance that can substantially reduce transmission of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, when it is applied in the vagina or rectum. A microbicide could be produced as a gel, cream, film, suppository, sponge, vaginal (or rectal) rings or wipes.
Most of the microbicides being developed will probably also have some contraceptive effect -- because it's hard to make something that neutralizes viruses and bacteria but doesn't affect sperm.
Some scientists are also working on products that may be microbicidal without being contraceptive. These will be useful to couples who want to conceive a child while still protecting themselves from infection. Non-contraceptive microbicides may also offer acceptable protection for those who choose not to use contraceptives for religious or cultural reasons.
It is hoped that some of the microbicides approved for distribution will be able to protect against multiple STDs, in addition to HIV.
Two or more of these approaches may be combined with a number of active ingredients to develop a successful microbicide. Right now there are no proven microbicides on the market, although there are at least 60 topical microbicides in development and 23 microbicidal products being tested in people. This is a promising increase compared to the dozen compounds that were being developed in 1994.
|Microbicides currently under development work in several different ways:
How Would a Microbicide Be Used?
Topical microbicides could be used for anal or vaginal sex, along with condoms for extra protection, or instead of condoms when condom use isn't possible.
Some have also suggested that a mouthwash-type product would also be useful for protection during oral sex. (The inside of the mouth is made up of the same type of mucosal cells as the vagina, so this isn't as far-fetched as it may seem.)
Microbicides may also help prevent HIV transmission from mother to baby during delivery by reducing the amount of HIV in an HIV-positive woman's vagina right before she gives birth. This might be especially important in very poor countries where women do not have access to anti-HIV therapy.
Because they are not actual physical barriers, microbicides will never be as good at stopping the transmission of STDs as a condom. However, the success of any method of prevention is a function of not only how effective it is, but how often it is correctly used. Because microbicides may be used more consistently than condoms, they may be more effective in the long run.
How Could Microbicides Benefit HIV-Positive Users?
There are several ways that microbicides could be useful to people who are HIV-positive. Since microbicides neutralize disease-causing organisms in both semen and vaginal secretions, they may give HIV-positive users a way of reducing their partner's risk of contracting HIV during sex. A microbicide could also reduce the risk of two HIV-positive partners being reinfected with different strains of HIV. They may also reduce an HIV-positive person's risk of getting other STDs, bladder infections, or yeast infections. For people with compromised immune systems, this could be an important advantage. It is important to note that condoms can also help with these issues.
Some products may be able to help HIV-positive women become pregnant without exposing her partner to HIV.
It might also be possible to develop products that would help an HIV-positive man to conceive a baby sexually, without infecting his partner if she were HIV-negative.
What Other Advantages Are There to Using Microbicides?
It is hoped that microbicides will be inexpensive and available over-the-counter like condoms. Successful use of the condom, however, requires the cooperation of insertive sexual partners; successful microbicide use may not even require their knowledge. Microbicides could also offer increased sexual satisfaction while practicing safer sex. In addition to the lack of physical barriers, other characteristics of microbicides such as smell, taste, and viscosity may afford more choices in sexual pleasure.
Microbicide Research
Interest in developing a form of STD prevention that could be used without a partner's knowledge or consent began in the early 1980s. Many organizations advocating the development of microbicides, including the Alliance for Microbicide Development (AMD) in Takoma Park, Maryland, and Microbicides as an Alternative Solution (MAS) in Berkeley, California, were developed to organize the microbicide movement. Research and interest in microbicides has almost exclusively focused on vaginal use for two reasons. One is that worldwide, women make up the majority of those exposed to HIV. This is often because they do not have prevention methods that they can control. Furthermore, the number of women infected is the fastest-growing group of new HIV infections, and now represents 45% of HIV/AIDS cases worldwide, as compared to only 25% in 1992. In sub-Saharan Africa women represent more than 55% of adults living with HIV.
The second reason is that heterosexism has inhibited a broader discussion of anal sex practices and rectal microbicides. Dr. Connie Celum at the University of Washington is responsible for the only research of rectal microbicides on human subjects. She addresses the anal stigma of science, saying "Most of the researchers in this field aren't just homophobic, they are erotophobic." Slowly, more interest and research has focused on finding a product that can be used both vaginally and rectally, although differences in the anatomy and environment may hinder such a formulation, making it necessary to create different products for vaginal versus anal sex. The open-ended rectal cavity makes it difficult to thoroughly coat and the acidity levels and bacterium ecology differ from those of the vagina. Unfortunately, these considerations are being ignored by many researchers, and funding of rectal microbicides is often being suppressed by conservative activists.
|A barrier to microbicide research is lack of public awareness. People cannot demand what they have yet to imagine. By far the largest barrier, however, is lack of funding. Less than 1% of all federal AIDS funding goes towards finding a successful microbicide.
New drug development is usually funded primarily by major pharmaceutical companies that have the money to invest in large clinical trials. Unfortunately, none of the largest corporations are investing in microbicide research. They are reluctant for a variety of reasons. Their main concern, however, is that microbicides may not be profitable enough to justify the cost of developing them. Those who need the product the most are the least able to afford it. According to Alliance for Microbicide Development, it costs about $20 million to get one product from discovery through Phase II trials of safety. It can then cost up to $20 to $30 million more to get it through the huge Phase III efficacy trials, which can involve as many as 3,000 to 4,000 participants per product. Right now, about $35 million per year, at most, is being spent globally on microbicide research. The U.S. government is providing about $26 million of that. Without additional funding, the money just isn't there to move potential microbicides efficiently through the research pipeline. Unless industrialized counties, including the United States, make microbicide research a higher priority, research will be delayed and even more lives will be lost during the wait for effective products. Effective microbicides might transform the HIV epidemic from a raging wildfire to a more controlled burn.
The Global Campaign for Microbicides is a broad-based, world-wide coalition of organizations working to engage individuals, community-based organizations and institutions in the advocacy needed to make microbicides a reality soon.
In addition to generating media coverage, speaking at conferences and lobbying legislatures, Global Campaign is collecting signatures in over 80 countries on a petition for greater investment in microbicides.
The goal is to amass 250,000 signatures calling for increased funding from the U.S. government, the European Union and other public donors. Global Campaign will present the completed petition at the 2002 international AIDS conference.
Global Campaign has also helped Maryland Representative Connie Morella write the Microbicide Development Act. If passed, the Act would increase federal microbicide research funding at the NIH to $50 million in 2001, $75 million in 2002, and $100 million in 2003 -- enough to get the first products through the research pipeline.
More information on microbicide development is available at the Web site http://www.microbicide.org. You can help get safe, effective microbicides onto our drugstore shelves and into the hands of people who need them all around the world. Everyone who supports this issue may call their representatives and senators and ask them to sign on as a co-sponsor of the Microbicide Development Act as soon as it is re-introduced in congress. Congressional contact information is available, by state, on the Web site www.congress.org.


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What race rust?
Rico Abreu returned from a 15-week hiatus and emerged victorious in the second preliminary A-Main of the Chili Bowl Midget Nationals on Wednesday night at the Tulsa Expo Center in Oklahoma. The two-time event winner hasn't raced since September when he was injured during the Midget portion of the Four Crown Nationals at Eldora Speedway.
Abreu returned on Tuesday night, shaking off what little rust he had by finishing 10th in the Race of Champions and cemented his place as one of the favorites for the Golden Driller by capturing top honors on the second day of qualifying for the event.
And to think, Abreu simply wanted to leave the track having qualified for the main event.
"These are the toughest points of the week," Abreu said. "We had a good night, raced well in our heat and our qualifier and then won the feature. I just didn't know what decision to make in the end there. You get so many cautions and you don't know what other guys are going to do so you just race the race track."
Abreu fended off an intense challenge from pole-sitter Tyler Thomas, taking the lead from him on Lap 8. But slide jobs were the theme of the night, with the entire track working for all styles and set-ups. Thomas took the lead back on Lap 10 but couldn't hold it for more than five laps – three after a lap 12 restart.
Abreu was able to hold Thomas off, but the litany of cautions complicated his decision making, and made for a dramatic duel.
"Rico just made the right moves at the right time and caught me off guard with the sliders," Thomas said. "One little mistake on my part but we're ready for Saturday."
With their podium, Abreu, Thomas and Kevin Thomas Jr. lock themselves into the 55-lap Saturday night A-Main. They join Kyle Larson, Brad Sweet and Tyler Courtney, whom advanced during the Tuesday night preliminaries. Two more nights of qualifying remain, leading up to the Alphabet Soup of Mains and the pole dash.
A field of 85 drivers drew in for Wednesday's qualifying sessions. So far, 171 drivers have seen action. Going into Thursday, the infamous flip count has reached 34 with Brady Bacon getting a HANS Device from Simpson Race Products as the event's 25th flip. In all, every crash ended with the driver able to walk away.
The complete result of Wednesday night's A-Main can be viewed below.
1. Rico Abreu
2. Tyler Thomas
3. Kevin Thomas Jr.
4. Sammy Swindell
5. Chris Windom
6. Ryan Robinson
7. Jason McDougal
8. JJ Yeley
9. Gary Taylor
10. Jeb Sessums
11. Harley Hollan
12. Zac Taylor
13. Brady Bacon
14. Austin Liggett
15. Colby Copeland
16. Brian Shirley
17. Chase Stockon
18. Jake Swanson
19. Bryan Stanfill
20. David Prickett (DNF)
21. Alex DeCamp (DNF)
22. Ryan Smith (DNF)
23. Donny Schatz (DNF)
24. Parker Price-Miller (DNF)

subset: commoncrawl


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Reinhardt-Rutland, Anthony (1992) PRIMARY DEPTH CUES AND BACKGROUND PATTERN IN THE PORTRAYAL OF SLANT. JOURNAL OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY, 119 (1). pp. 29-35. [Journal article]
Full text not available from this repository.
A rectangularity postulate has been used in algorithms for the purpose of interpreting two-dimensional representations of rectilinear objects. This rectangularity postulate may affect the perception of true surfaces. In this study, rectangular surfaces and trapezoidal surfaces-the latter simulating the horizontal slant-in-depth of the rectangular surfaces-were viewed under static-monocular, moving-monocular, and static-binocular conditions, both with and without a background pattern. The static-binocular condition elicited the greatest number of accurate responses. The moving-monocular condition did not elicit significantly more accurate responses than the static-monocular viewing condition did. The effect of background pattern was insignificant. These results were unexpected in terms of ecological validity and (regarding moving-monocular viewing) because of the importance of the role of relative visual motion in the detection of object motion. However, the results are consistent with the perception of depth separation of two discrete objects.
|Item Type:
|Journal article
|Faculties and Schools:
|Faculty of Life and Health Sciences
Faculty of Life and Health Sciences > School of Psychology
|ID Code:
|Deposited By:
|Mrs Fiona Harkin
|Deposited On:
|23 Dec 2009 09:55
|Last Modified:
|09 May 2016 10:46
Repository Staff Only: item control page


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I received a download of the new Daniel Tiger Day & Night App to try out and to review. Opinions of the app are 100% my own and I am a PBS Kids VIP.
When I talked about the most recent Daniel Tiger half-hour special, "Neighbor Day" I may have mentioned how Daniel Tiger is huge in our house. The one show that makes my son stop and listen is Daniel Tiger. If Andrew hears the theme song he comes running and then stops and looks up at the screen transfixed at the show. He loves Daniel Tiger and O the Owl and all the others. A question, statement, demand we hear often from him is "another D?". Daniel in the morning, Daniel in the afternoon and since Andrew is a terrible sleeper we have Daniel in the middle of the night, too.
Now we have a very good option for Daniel on the go in the Daniel Tiger Day & Night app.
With this app children can help Daniel through his morning and nighttime routines. Children do this through 8 games about those morning and nighttime routines. Musical strategies from the show are used to reinforce the routines. The games and features are as follows:
Daniel Tiger has lots to do to get ready before Trolley comes to take him to school!
- Get Dressed: Help Daniel get dressed in his red sweater. Then, imagine with Daniel that his sweater is a "Super Daniel" costume.
- Breakfast: Help set the table as Daniel gets ready for breakfast. Have fun topping a pancake and then imagining that the pancake can dance!
- Brush Teeth: Help Daniel brush his teeth by moving your finger back and forth.
- Shoe Time: Choose a pair of shoes for Daniel to wear and help him tie them. Then, imagine that his shoes can make him jump super high.
Daniel Tiger needs to get ready for bed!
- Bath time: Help Daniel get washed up before bedtime and pop silly soap bubbles together.
- Brush Teeth: It's time to brush Daniel's teeth again!
- Pajama Time: Choose pajamas for Daniel and create a pair of make-believe pajamas for him.
- Bedtime Story: Move Daniel through the clouds as his mom reads and sings a calming bedtime song.
Play the Good Morning and Good Night songs at any time to reinforce each routine.
Use the built-in timer for some of your family's morning and bedtime routines to help you and your child stay on task. The timer can be used to help children know how long they should brush their teeth.
Last week we were out leasing a car. While we were at the dealership we had Andrew with us. Andrew gets bored easily and he did not enjoy just hanging out in the salesman's office. Luckily we had installed this app onto our phones and it helped to entertain and distract him a bit. He's not old enough to get all the strategies yet but we are working with him on his routines.
Copyright (c) 2019 BenSpark Family Adventures


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Today's research forms tomorrow's standards. DAN Research plays an important role in gaining understanding of diving issues and, in turn, shaping dive safety guidelines to make the sport safer for everyone.
For decades, DAN Research has conducted valuable studies on topics of safety and interest to divers. DAN researchers have investigated surface intervals for divers who plan to fly after diving, the effects of aging on dive health, the medical advisability of diving with insulin-requiring diabetes, as well as well as general dive safety. Conducted both in and out of the laboratory, there are even opportunities for divers to take part.
But it's not enough for research to be done; what's learned must be shared. DAN Research does just that in a variety of ways, including publications and the DAN Annual Diving Report.
DAN Research also hosts workshops and conferences in which other industry experts are invited to come together to share knowledge and discuss ideas. Though any interested person is welcome to attend a workshop, DAN Research makes downloadable presentations and proceedings available for those who can't make it.
For those who wish to continue their education even further, DAN Research offers a selection of online seminars on topics of interest to divers, including decompression illness and ear issues.
But DAN Research doesn't stop at educating the divers of today; it also works to support and develop the researchers of tomorrow through the DAN Internship Program. Each year it encourages young minds interested in the areas of dive medicine and research.
Research is an integral part of DAN's mission and is supported by membership dues, research grants and donations. Support the efforts of DAN Research and donate to DAN today.


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If they had cancer and I had the cure in a pill, they still wouldn't eat it.
This was the response a colleague gave me on my inquiry with respect to his presentation at a trade show. The cure he was talking about is a concept that reliability professionals have been relying on for decades: Reliability Centred Maintenance (RCM).
However, most frustratingly for my colleague, attendees were listening but were totally unwilling to take their medicine.
Reliability Centred Maintenance is the conceptual framework that allows maintenance managers to create the most cost effective maintenance strategy for their operating environment.
It is the same concept employed across the world that has resulted in exponential improvements in air travel safety.
For the record, here are the seven RCM questions:
1. What does it do (determine expected performance for operating environment)?
2. How can the asset fail (define modes of failure, such as reduced braking ability or reduced output)?
3. What causes the failure (define causes such as heat, friction, short circuit, crack)?
4. What happens when the asset fails (brakes can't stop, tank leaks etc.)?
5. What are the consequences of each failure (safety/production risks)?
6. How can we predict or prevent failure (maintenance monitoring or actions)?
7. If you can't be proactive, what else can be done?
In the hands of a trained practitioner, these questions can optimise the maintenance strategies of an entire organisation, and ensure that you renew/replenish critical components before they fail. Additionally, through a proactive education campaign, this can ensure that maintenance managers also understand the consequence of running their equipment too hard.
Two of the primary upshots are, less unplanned maintenance due to reduced failures, and, reduced downtime due to predicted appropriate spares holdings and service scheduling.
They all sound like positives right? Sure, but as any good professional knows, every function has a cost. The cost of RCM is primarily incurred when investing in the right resources and people to help your organisation.
In line with the hopes and dreams of managers that want something for nothing, the cost of handing an RCM book to your maintenance manager and assuring them that "he/she's got this" is far, far, lower than getting a consultant in to do the job for them.
Unfortunately, initial cost is only one side of the equation. The truth of the matter is that you WILL NOT get the same value out of your investment, from someone trying to learn and implement RCM principles from scratch.
As I learned during my short tenure with an Asset Management consultancy, mature practitioners don't need to recite the seven questions. The logic behind the questions becomes instinctive, and once you have that instinct, the road to optimisation is the only logical path.
And therein lies the problem for my colleague (being that he was overtly mature). What was logic for him may as well have been written in binary for the audience. They could only see the cost, which can be a very bitter pill to swallow.
The benefit of getting the right people to optimise maintenance will be seen, not only in plant uptime and availability, but in the culture of your maintenance organisation. This is a long term benefit that continues to pay dividends long after the initial investment has been repaid many times over.
Of course the consequence of the third option (doing nothing) is death so…...


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Who was Agrippina Vaganova?
Agrippina Vaganova graduated from the Imperial Ballet School in Soviet Russia, now known as the Vaganova Ballet Academy.
She fused elements of the traditional French style with the athletic virtuosity of Italian techniques. The soulful smoothness of the arms from the old Russian School was also incorporated.
Vaganova's method relies on the harmony of upper body, legs, and feet. Together, they develop clean lines, dynamism, and strength that looks completely effortless.
In 1934, she published her book "Basic Principles of Classical Ballet." Her goal was to systematize the learning process, as all ballerinas up to then trained with different approaches. Future dancers would study and master elements from her encyclopedia of classical Russian ballet. The book structured dance education — an enormous achievement. Her process considered age, workload, and especially the individuality of every ballerina.
The Vaganova Method produced dancers with soaring leaps, high extensions, and pliable upper backs. But above all, their movements were powerful and expressive. And no matter how great a dancer's performance or how strenuous the techniques, it was always crucial that the audience does not see the underlying effort.
Why the Craze Over the Vaganova Method?
If ballet is a language of the body, one dialect seems to have prevailed in popularity. Many of the greatest stars in the history of classical ballet came from the Vaganova method. These include Galina Ulanova, Maya Plisetskaya, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Irina Kolpakova, Farukh Ruzimatov. Modern dancers include Diana Vishneva, Igor Kolb, Ulyana Lopatkina, Ivan Vasilev, and Svetlana Zakharova.
They all had teachers who studied the Vaganova method their whole lives and passed it on with diligence. It's no surprise: Many students aspiring to become professionals choose this method as a foundation for their classical technique.
As a teacher, Vaganova valued the ability to think and work hard. While some schools might neglect is the way your mind works in class, she believed the only major shortcoming a ballerina could have was to lack individuality. Other flaws could be rectified or turned into advantages with the right hands.
Finding a credible teacher to pass on this style is a challenge today. In Russia, talented students go on to study at respectable institutes like the Russian University of Theatre Arts (GITIS), the Moscow Choreographic Institute, or the Vaganova Ballet Institute. Thanks to professionals who migrated to all parts of the world, the Vaganova style is still accessible and available around the globe.
Without exposure to theater and stage performance, it is nearly impossible to hand down information to aspiring young students. Experience on stage is crucial. Furthermore, teaching classical ballet requires communication between the teacher and student. A good mentor will share not just the secrets of the Vaganova method, but also guide behavior and discipline. Whether you are a student or a professional artist working in a theater, having the right people guiding you is a big part of having a successful career.
"I had never disobeyed her, she taught me everything," legendary ballerina Marina Semyonova — one of Vaganova's favorite students — once said. "How to look, how to raise my brow, how to lower my lashes, how not to hear what others say around me. She would simply say, 'do your job.'"
Does All This Make the Vaganova Method Superior to Others?
No: The method is a general fundamental of classical ballet. It cannot be compared to other forms of ballet as a wholly distinct entity, as much of its teachings have become intertwined with other great styles.
Ballet styles should never consider themselves in competition with one another — they have relied on each other throughout history and from their roots. No matter what the preferred style, dancers who put soul, hard work, and mind into their practice achieve success. But just as many schools used the Vaganova method as a building block of their own method, the style remains a favourite for dancers around the world pursuing classical ballet training.


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I don't let myself go to the op-shops as much these days, or my house will turn into one. However I had a bit of time today, and went to my favourite local one which I had not been to for a long time. The trip paid off and I got this slim hard cover book by Judy Sparrow on the history of the teddy bear. The photos are gorgeous and the text informative.
The back cover has photos of modern Steiff replica bears.
Finally, look at the this photo from an old issue of Threads magazine (no. 35 June/July 1991) that I got in the same op-shop today. It is of a porcelain doll made and dressed by Emilliene Duncan. The detail and the amount of work involved is mind-blowing! She sews most of the garments by hand and the article is worth tracking down for detailed descriptions of the hand sewing techniques that she uses and the best fabrics to sew with for dolls.
Phew. Two posts in one day is unusual for me, but I thought I had better do them now while I can. Happy sewing everyone.


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What is the best WiFi antenna for me?
Some of you that have come here are looking for a quick, simple and inexpensive solution to your wireless problem. You are not that interested in a complex diy project due to lack of time, skills or inertia. You don't want to digest a lot of theory and math. That's O.K. However, you do need to have some basic understanding of the terminology before you can make an informed decision as to which solution is the best fit for your situation. Hang around for a bit and take a look around, it will be well worth your time.
The best thing you can do to extend the range of your wifi signal is to add an external antenna with stronger gain to your system.
There are two basic types of antennas: directional and omni-directional. Directional antennas, primarily used in point-to-point networks, concentrate the waves in one direction much like a flashlight concentrates light in a narrow beam, in a "conical" radiation pattern. Directional antennas include yagi, dish, panel, and sector. The pringles, coffee can and parabolic antennas are directional. Omni-directional antennas (omni is a prefix meaning "all"), can transmit radio waves in a 360 degree "doughnut" radiation pattern.
generally have lower gain than directional antennas.
Visualize how antennas work with a flashlight. Point a flashlight at the ceiling - the circular pattern it makes is light an omni-directional antenna. If you use a larger flashlight, the size of the circle grows larger. Now, take the same flashlight and point it across the room. If there is no interference, the light travels far in the direction you point the flashlight. There is little or no light behind the flashlight, and the pattern of the light is cone-shaped - it starts small at the source and then grows with distance. This is the way a directional antenna works.
For multi-point to multi-point use omnidirectional antennas on both ends, for point to multi-point use an omnidirectional antenna for the point (or center) and directional antennas for the endpoints, for point to point use directional antennas on both ends.
You will need to decide where to add your external antenna. Distance is an important factor to consider. Connecting it to your computer is usually less of a security risk than connecting it to your router. However if you are comfortable with your network's security, than you should get more signal strength with the external antenna at your router. If you are interested in mobile wifi and accessing public high speed wireless networks directly from your car, truck, or RV, there is fun and entertaining reading here. Select from the list of topics on the left side of this page to further explore your options.
For an easy, no-tools setup on any desktop or notebook computer with USB support you can connect your USB-equipped desktop or notebook computer to a wireless network with the Cisco-Linksys Wireless-G USB Network Adapter with Speedbooster WUSB54GS. Using your high-speed USB 2.0 port, the Adapter delivers quick data rates without the trouble of opening up the case of your computer. Using a longer USB cable gives you the flexibility to position the unit and its external antenna to your advantage.
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Price: $40.00–$99.00
Don't let leaks slow you down! FANNYPANTS® briefs come with snap buttons (secure the pads with the snap buttons or underneath the fabric flaps, your choice!). Change pads at a moment's notice and keep feeling nice and fresh. This fuss-free bikini style SMARTWEAR® panty is perfect for those who are always on the go. Great solution for women's light to moderate incontinence.
• Balance comes with 3-layer or 5-layer pad(s)
• Pads are removable and machine washable
• Water resistant
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• Full back coverage for a perfect fit
• Eco-friendly
|2 SMARTPLUS® for Balance
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Product Description
FABRIC CONTENT: Cotton, Polyamide, Spandex, Polyester
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Small, Medium, Large, XLarge, 2XLarge
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Margaret (verified owner) – :Stylish and modern panties. Come up to the waist,with a pretty band to add colour. Keep tummy flat and don't look remotely like they're for incontinence. Highly recommend


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Scientists have discovered that there is a direct link
between disease and diet. Your body is an amazing health machine that
can heal itself of disease if you give it the proper nutrition.
Conversely, the lack of proper nutrition in your diet leaves your body
defenseless to disease.
Modern day life style forces you to spend money on fast foods that have no nutritional value. Over half of the United States population has problems with obesity and undernourishment, which in turn cause a myriad of other health problems.
Health problems today are tied to the 1 trillion dollar food industry. Many foods are so processed that they contain no essential nutrients to feed the body's immune system. As a result your immune system gets weaker and disease is imminent. Our bodies are not designed to ingest and assimilate foods that have been irradiated and devitalized. Additionally, farming soils and processed foods may be deficient in vitamins, enzymes, fiber, and essential nutrients. Finally, the food industry loads packaged foods with additives designed to give them an eternal shelf life
Whole Earth Health is devoted to improving the quality of your life, by providing products that we believe will contribute in a natural way to your good health. We know that when you feel better, everything in your life improves. It's true that too many of us take our good health for granted. Many of us are not eating right, not exercising, living with too much stress and subjected to chemilcals that nature never intended us to consume.
We want to help our customers delight in every minute of their good health and never take one healthy day for granted.
We offer a carefully selected family of products - always at fair prices and frequently placed on sale. We stand 100% behind every product we sell. They are of the highest quality and if you're not satisifed, just let us know.
Whole Earth Health is owned and operated by LAC Marketing Manuals. With every site we operate, we aim to provide our customers with the best service , quality information, outstanding products and fair prices.
We're very proud of Whole Earth Health and thank you for the opportunity to help you out.


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Recent news
Madeleine Rosenthal is a graduating senior from Westfield High School. She has been involved in chorus since elementary school, and this year was President of chorus, which comprised six ensembles. Madeleine has been a soloist in her...more
The Hickory Tree Chorus has closed applications for its 2016 Scholarship. Qualified high school senior girls with good academic records and exceptional talent in vocal music are encouraged to apply next year. Check our website early 2017 for more information.
HTC is thrilled to announce our new rehearsal location:
The Shrine of St. Joseph
HTC turned up the summer heat learning choreography with the amazing Renee Porzel!
On July 15th, Hickory Tree Chorus awarded its annual scholarship to Kalin Hagedorn. Kalin is a graduating senior at Sparta High School. She will be attending Belmont University in Nashville, TN this fall and pursuing a Bachelor of Arts in Music Therapy.
Each year Hickory Tree Chorus...more
The Hickory Tree Chorus and the Four Baris quartet were thrilled to perform for a wonderful audience at the Parsippany Library on June 25th.
Congratulations to Willadene Karns, Mary Lou Van Handle and Carolyn Schmidt for years of commitment and talent!
A special thanks to our friends and family for coming out to see the Hickory Tree Chorus and The Four Baris on friends & family night!
Hickory Tree Chorus will announce its 2015 Scholarship winner this summer. Check here for 2016 scholarship information this winter. Learn Moremore
Hickory Tree Chorus spent Sunday afternoon with the amazing and talented Jim Arns. Albany here we come!
The snow doesn't stop HTC. Productive Wednesday night section rehearsals at the Harding Township Library.
Contact us
Hickory Tree Chorus
The Shrine of St. Joseph
1050 Long Hill Rd, Stirling, NJ 07980
(Maps — Directions)


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Executive Director Steve Brown said: "By Embracing Prevention as a Strategy…Health Outcomes Will Improve"
Past News ReleasesRSS
Los Angeles, California (PRWEB) December 18, 2012
Life Solutions Advocates(LSA), a growing association of value-added partnerships, is pleased to announce significant new developments in the LSA mission to improve health prospects and outcomes. LSA believes that individuals must take control of their health knowledge and resources to reduce the risk of catastrophic illness and disease especially cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
Through a relationship with the Right Moves Project and RMP Founder Francis Toto, LSA now has access to decades of research into the health care industry and will make this research available to all interested parties. Conclusions from the RMP research are not encouraging, especially for an aging population faced with the almost certain prospect of relying on a health care system that RMP concludes is seriously "in danger of imminent collapse."
For the consumers of health care services at all levels, Mr. Toto points to resource materials to improve "health literacy" among the population to allow people to be better informed about their own health.
"The research shows that one third of the population has little or no health literacy which simply means they do not understand the state of their own health", stated Mr. Toto. "The sickest 10% of the population are now consuming 70% of the health care system's resources. Something is going to give. Further, that American health care is failing has been described for decades. Widespread organizational decline has been extensively and scientifically demonstrated for decades by the 27 year old R&D program that is the sponsor of the Right Moves Project, preventative helalth programs."
For practitioners in the health care industry, RMP points to national research, materials and recommendations to assist practitioners to better manage their practices and their patients' health outcomes. Mr. Toto further notes that: "For over 20 years, certain agencies have attempted to bring new information and practices to the medical community but the information and guidance was often left on the shelf."
LSA Executive Director Stephen Brown says "This is a clear call for action, especially by individuals who must take more control of their own health outcomes. An informed and empowered patient will strongly affect their own health outcome simply by making sure that care providers are considering all options for their care, including prevention. We do not know where or when the breaking point will come for the health care industry, but the signals and research presented by Right Moves Project demand that we all take individual action."
"We have set up simple tools for people to connect with us to request more information" stated Mr. Brown. "We at LSA are very careful not to directly practice medicine but we can point people to the science, information and certified medical practitioners that will guide them in making appropriate decisions. LSA is about empowerment and prevention. We will always lean towards proven science and clinical trials to support the information we share. We are facilitators in creating value added partnerships."
LSA is excited about the future of e-Care and telemedicine and recently aligned with Strategic Health and the Miracle of Health. "These organizations are excellent examples of what is available to people today to gather the science and health knowledge required to take control of our own health." Brown said.
"The LSA mission statement is an undeniable fact. By adopting prevention as a strategy – health outcomes will improve. Look at the evidence about the growth of cardiovascular disease and diabetes and so much other chronic illness. Don't we all wonder why so many of our friends and family are dying and suffering catastrophic illness at such young ages? What might they have done and what would the outcomes be if only they had known about and practiced prevention? What about ourselves? Are we informed and are we advocates for our own health and care?"
There is a significant business opportunity available for individuals who wish to participate with LSA. Health and Wellness practitioners should contact LSA directly.
Life Solutions Advocates believes that the time has come and is right for such a broad based and integrated effort to address the health improvement and disease prevention needs not currently being addressed by the traditional health care industry. LSA marries medical science and advanced communication technology with the passion of their stakeholders to improve the health status of all people.
To learn more about how to improve your health and the health of others while implementing advanced business strategies that contribute to the bottom line please contact:
Life Solutions Advocates
Stephen Brown
866-767-2561 (Toll Free North America)
Register Online for More Information


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School: Colby High Choir (Honors - 2009)
Contact: R. Lipprandt
Email: email@example.com
Surnames: Diedrich, Dunlavy, Empey, Kramas Lieders, Meyer, Peissig, Reischel
----Source: The Tribune - Phonograph (Abbotsford, Clark Co. WI), Wednesday, January 28, 2009, Page 13
Choir members receiving all-conference honors and will be attending the Coverbelt festival January 17, 2009, in Neillsville are Emily Peissig, Lauren Lieders, Michael Reischel, Zach Diedrich, Zach Meyer, Tyler Empey, Kendra Kramas and Stephanie Dunlavy.
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Reach Me Now
Reach Me Personally Right Now
You don't really think I'd use an automated reply robot or employ a staff of email answerers, do you? I will personally see what you send me, and you'll hear back directly from me.
Two things I ask you to keep in mind
I do it all myself. There's no team of typists in Pakistan preparing boilerplate emails. If your subject is "Want to hire you for a speech now" I'll be back to you rapidly. Otherwise, give me a day or two, please.
I adventure a lot. If I'm out in some third world village, or onboard an Antarctic voyage, I may not get your message for days. Yes, I have a backup system for someone to get back to you if it's urgent, and I will personally respond as soon as I can.
Here's how to reach me
The Very Best Way
Email is convenient
I travel and move frequently, so this is the most convenient, reliable way to reach me.
I'll find an internet connection somewhere.
Phone follows me
My USA phone number, 1-425-255-2900 will forward to wherever I live right now.
Of course, I'm probably in a very different time zone, so I may get your message by voicemail in the morning.
Good, Old-Fashioned Mail
My office address hasn't changed for years, though my residence changes a lot. My physical mail is bundled up and forwarded to me every couple of weeks:
George Walther
Speaking From Experience®, Inc.
16351 W. Ellsworth Ave.
Golden, CO 80401 USA


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Christopher Bagnall
El Camino Real High Class of 2000
Personal Info
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Anirudh Prabhu is currently pursuing his PhD at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. His research interests include Data Modeling, Semantic E-science, and Data Visualization. He has completed his masters project under Prof. Peter Fox and holds a Masters in IT at RPI.
|Child Health Exposure Analysis Repository (CHEAR)
Principal Investigator: Deborah L. McGuinness
Description: Child Health Exposure Analysis Repository Data Science Semantics
|National Ocean Council Vocabulary (NOCV)
Description: The objective of the NOCV project is to demonstrate technical capabilities that are available and can be deployed to implement solutions to key needs identified in the National Ocean Policy in regard to data and the decision-support requirements that arise from data-oriented questions.
|ToolMatch (ToolMatch)
Description: or a given dataset, it is difficult to find the tools that can be used to work with the dataset. In many cases, the information that Tool A works with Dataset B is somewhere on the Web, but not in a readily identifiable or discoverable form. In other cases, particularly more generalized tools, the information does not exist at all, until somebody tries to use the tool on a given dataset. Thus, the simplest, most prevalent use case is for a user to search for the tools that can be used with a given dataset. A further refinement would be to specify what the tool can do with the dataset, e.g., read, visualize, map, analyze, reformat.


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Parks & Open Space Master Plan
The Thornton Parks and Open Space Master Plan (Plan) establishes goals, objectives, recommendations and implementation strategies for the planning and development of new parks, recreation facilities/programs, trails, and open space in the city of Thornton. It serves as a detailed supplement to the Thornton Comprehensive Plan, and as such, it responds to the goals and policies related to parks, recreation, trail and open space stated in that plan. The Plan also serves as a guide for continued improvements and expansion resulting in a high quality, citywide system of parks, recreation facilities/programs, trails and open space that will meet the needs of Thornton citizens now and in the future.
Please note: Some documents on this page are in .pdf format and require the user to have a PDF Reader installed on their computer in order to read them, Download Free Adobe Reader.
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Tradewind Aviation is one of the top international airlines. Tradewind Aviation operates daily cheap flights from USA to India. IndianEagle offers cheap airfare deals for Tradewind Aviation flights to India from several U.S. cities including Washington DC, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Boston, Atlanta, Miami, San Francisco, Dallas, Pheonix, Detroit, Houston, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and Seattle. Tradewind Aviation is one of the few airlines whose cheap flight tickets are available at IndianEagle throughout the year. Tradewind Aviation connects all major Indian cities with the US through direct and indirect flights.
Tradewind Aviation is one of our travel partners for cheap India flights from US cities. IndianEagle issues cheapest air tickets for Tradewind Aviation? US to India flights in all travel classes. You can even search and book Tradewind Aviation? cheap last minute flight tickets to India at IndianEagle. We also provide our customers with all relevant details about their USA to India flights by Tradewind Aviation Save money on air travel by booking Tradewind Aviation? cheap flights to India at IndianEagle!


text: On Tue, Nov 06, 2001 at 10:18:22AM -0500, Daniel Jacobowitz wrote: > Exactly. I don't file bugs, because in my experience enough bugs do > get filed, and I'm more interested in propogating the distribution > without losing my soul to it. Is this kind of race where anybody wins so much that he loses the community behind? Greetings Bernd


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Klaus Weide wrote: > > You seem to have a problem with your browser there. > Those diacritics look just fine to me... Peter O.M. responds: I do appreciate your response. I am not professionally involved in charset issues and do want to find out what I am doing wrong. It sure is not 'right' on my screen. Please lets pin it down: 1) I am using Navigator Version 3, as I said. I do not understand why you tell me to ask the guy's at Netscape. Some are listening in to this. Are THEY doing it wrong? 2) Navigator has Document Encoding option (if I do not need it why is it an user's option?) Perhaps Netscape folks can explain?? 3) Let's look at specific pages OK? This http://www.fee.vutbr.cz/Welcome.html.cz.CP852 is supposed to be Czech. So. e.g. The e caron (in first line last words) ..v Brne^ looks like (scandinavian?) crossed o for either latin1 or 2. Do you get e-caron ?? - with what browser? 3b)Lets go to unicode: http://www.fee.vutbr.cz/Welcome.html.cz.UNICODE-1-1-UTF-8 That's even worse. No e-caron looks like A-umlaut and the page is almost unreadable. If Netscape got it wrong after trying to support it, is it not a sign that may be we should have a second look on a proposed standard ?? BTW - if I am missing IT completely and there is a document which does explain it I promise I will read it before continuing. Is there one? Peter (The more coplete quote:) Klaus Weide wrote: > > On Tue, 17 Dec 1996, Peter O.B. Mikes wrote: > > Martin J. Duerst wrote: > > > > > > On Mon, 16 Dec 1996, Klaus Weide wrote: > > > > > > > > > > Example of a site where documents are provided in several charsets > > > > (all for the same language): > > > > And even less impressive when one finds out that > > not a single page Displays the 'diacritics' correctly, > > even when one selects Latin-2 encoding in the Netscape 3. > > You seem to have a problem with your browser there. Those diacritics > look just fine to me. And I don't understand why one would have to > "select Latin-2 encoding" in Netscape 3, or even what selecting an > encoding means - that server TELLS what encoding it is using. > > > Why is that? Are the experts building an Edsel? > > You should probably ask those who built your browser? > > Klaus -- Peter O.B. Mikes email@example.com http://edprog.llnl.gov/team/pom.htmlReceived on Friday, 20 December 1996 13:49:38 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Wednesday, 21 September 2016 22:37:16 UTC


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Consultant and architect
Ann Bodkin is a sustainability consultant and architect. She previously worked for 10 years at Bennetts Associates.
Bodkin has worked with the Education Funding Agency carrying out post-occupancy evaluations. This led her to further work on the baseline designs for the Priority Schools Building Programme, considering architecture and building services engineering together and designing-out resource-hungry systems, which schools cannot afford to operate and maintain.
Bodkin worked with Wilkinson Eyre on LSE City Road London Forum, investigating landscaping, and the project's environmental and social impacts. She has carried out research into transforming many underperforming roof spaces into vibrant growing spaces across South London. She said: 'We have to use resources intelligently by prioritising the relative importance of need and making them multitask.'
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Eric & Little Ern
This affectionate, moving and fantastically funny homage to the greatest comedy double act that Britain has ever seen vividly brings back warm memories of a bygone era. Recreating some of the finest moments of Eric and Ernie's television and stage performances, cherished moments from the archives sit alongside new material created by the performers. Together they make a brilliant comedy that recreates the all-ages appeal of Morecambe and Wise in their heyday.
The show tours for a strictly limited season following an acclaimed West End run, for which it received an Olivier Award nomination for Best Entertainment.
This newly extended version features classic material including the original Grieg Piano Concerto sketch and Eric's take on Shakespeare.
Created and performed by Ian Ashpitel and Jonty Stephens
Featuring classic material by Eddie Braben, Dick Hills and Sid Green
Directed by Owen Lewis
Running times: Act 1 50 mins, Interval 15 mins, Act 2 30 mins
"Ashpitel and Stephens have got the duo's mannerisms down pat to such a winning extent. You could watch this for hours" **** THE DAILY TELEGRAPH
"Like Morecambe & Wise themselves, this is a wonderfully funny, genuine, and beautifully played two-hander" ***** THE HERALD
Follow the Company
On twitter @EricLittleErn


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By now everyone has probably heard to the Necron FAQ, which will be discussed later in a post of its own. In addition to this FAQ, GW also updated the existing FAQ's for almost every other codex out there except Templars and Tau. Guess we know who is top on the list of 2012 releases...
And while I am generally in favor of the Necron FAQ, I can't help but think someone had it out for the already second-tier CSM list when they cooked up this latest 'adjustment'.
Let's look at the two biggest changes: the ones that will probably have the broadest effect for the majority of CSM players, and those which will certainly impact my Noise Marine lists directly. And not for the better.
So now it's officially a psychic shooting power. You already had to draw LOS to use it (reasonable enough), but added to this is the fact that you now have to make a BS check for it to go off. Huge? Maybe not, but it doesn't add a 14.66% greater chance of failure, and to a list that was already struggling I'd say the change is significant. Frankly, I'm fine with the power being a psychic shooting attack, that makes sense (it does the other way too though), but the timing on this one sucks. It not like CSM have exactly been tearing up the competitive scene, and this change is most certainly going to make CSM less competitive.
This is the one that really gets me. Now instead of rerolling failed to hit and to wound rolls, you have to elect to reroll everything "all or nothing." So basically, the already mediocre Warptime DPs are even less effective in CC. Talk about fixing something that wasn't broken in the first place. Its not like Warptime DP could pull down something with a good invul save or high toughness to begin with, or that it could survive a turn in the open if it did kill something. Now they just suck more. And good luck killing things T6 or above.
Yeah there's some other stuff effecting 1000 Sons, Abaddon, and Typhus, but frankly these don't see a lot of play in comp lists these days. One positive note, however, is that dreadnoughts have finally been ruled to have a 45 degree front arc for purposes of Fire Frenzy. This conforms to what I think has been the generally accepted interpretation of this rule, but its nice to have it confirmed in any case. Maybe now I can finish working on those Black Reach conversions that have been sitting in my closet for 2 years now.
Overall, the FAQ is not the end of the world for Chaos, but its definitely a poke in the eye to a list already sort on options.


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Number 2: Airbus A340
It seats up to 375 passengers in the standard variants and 440 in the stretched −600 series. Depending on the model, it has a range of between 6,700 to 9,000 nautical miles (12,400 to 17,000 km)
The Top 10 List Biggest Airplane - Dornier Do X
The Dornier Do X was the largest, heaviest, and most powerful flying boat in the world when it was produced by the Dornier company of Germany in 1929.
Number 9: Tupolev ANT-20
The aircraft was named after Maxim Gorky and dedicated to the 40th anniversary of his literary and public activities. The ANT-20 was the largest known aircraft to have used the Junkers design philosophy of corrugated sheet metal for many of the airframe's key components.
Number 8: Boeing 747 Large Cargo Freighter
It is used exclusively for transporting 787 aircraft parts to Boeing's assembly plants from suppliers around the world.
Number 7: Boeing 747-8
The 747-8 is the largest 747 version, the largest commercial aircraft built in the United States, and the longest passenger aircraft in the world.
Number 6: Boeing 747
The original version of the 747 was two and a half times larger in capacity than the Boeing 707, one of the common large commercial aircraft of the 1960s.
Watch the Video
Top 5 Largest Aircraft - Antonov An-22
The Antonov An-22 is a heavy military transport aircraft designed by the Antonov Design Bureau in the Soviet Union. It is Powered by four turboprop engines each driving a pair of contra-rotating propellers, the design was the first Soviet wide-body aircraft and remains the world's largest turboprop-powered aircraft to date.
Number 4: Antonov An-124
The Antonov An-124 is a strategic airlift jet aircraft. It was designed by the Antonov design bureau in the Ukrainian SSR, then part of the Soviet Union.
The An-124 is the world's second highest gross weight production cargo airplane behind the Boeing 747-8F and world's third heaviest operating cargo aircraft.
Number 3: Airbus A380
The Airbus A380 is a double-deck, wide-body, four-engine jet airliner. It is the world's largest passenger airliner; many airports have upgraded their facilities to accommodate it because of its size. The A380 made its first flight on 27 April 2005 and began commercial service in October 2007 with Singapore Airlines.
World Biggest Aircraft - The Antonov An-225 Mriya
The Antonov An-225 Mriya is a strategic airlift cargo aircraft, designed by the Soviet Union's Antonov Design Bureau in the 1980s.
The An-225's name, Mriya (Мрiя) means "Dream" (Inspiration) in Ukrainian. It is powered by six turbofan engines and is the largest airplane in the world it is the heaviest aircraft with a maximum takeoff weight of 640 tonnes and the biggest heavier-than-air aircraft in terms of length and wingspan in operational service.


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In June 1942, a detachment of the 33rd Surgical Hospital was stationed in Cloncurry in Queensland. They had taken over a wing of the District Hospital in Cloncurry while they waited for a building of their own to be completed.
The Cloncurry Shire Hall was being renovated for their hospital. A mess hall wing and a clinic building wing were being added to the Shire Hall. Almost the first running water latrines were being installed in Cloncurry. The enlisted men of the 33rd started to occupy their new hospital in about June 1942.
A detachment of the 33rd Surgical Hospital was also located in Mt. Isa. The 33rd were initially quartered in the dry and dusty Leichhardt River bed. Before long an arrangement with the Mineside State School saw tents erected in a portion of the school yard.
The 33rd then took over the Women's Club on Mineside in Mt. Isa. It was a rambling single story stilted building located on the side of a hill. It had originally been designed as the Mines Hospital. The officers rented rooms in nearby homes at their own expense as there was no suitable room to locate tents. Nurses' quarters were far too small so an additional community house was hired.
The 33rd Surgical Hospital left Mt Isa in about July 1942 leaving most of their equipment behind. Their premises were taken over by the 17th Station Hospital.
33rd Surgical Hospital also had 2 surgical teams in Townsville during WW2.
I'd like to thank John Daly for his assistance with this home page.
Can anyone help me with more information?
"Australia @ War" Research Products
© Peter Dunn 2015
e-mail me
This page first produced 28 December 2004
This page last updated 31 August 2018


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A writer, occasional Game Master and Computer Science undergraduate at Goldsmiths' College in London, Kriss Jessop is a creative individual with a particular interest in writing, workflow-optimisation, simulations and a bit off good-old-fashioned planning. He also greatly dislikes writing about himself in the third person, even though it's the proper thing to do in an opening paragraph.
Current Projects
My current focus is on polishing Age of Fear III's two stories. The designer/developer asked for a pair of stories about dwarves and monsters respectively, both of which are almost finished.
Every 'productive day' I get where I don't have to work on other things, I work on a novel. With the placeholder name of Demian's Story, it's a fantasy story that follows a person's quest for purpose. The tale explores the different social and political consequences of magic, what happens when different ideals clash and the all of the ethical dilemmas that accompany them.
On occasion, I have been known to run tabletop RPGs. We've just reached the climax of a Stars Without Number campaign, wherein the party had finally managed to rid themselves of their spacecraft's resident psychopath. So, now I'm preparing for a grand Pathfinder campaign filled with great deeds and e pic quests, heroic and monstrous alike!
Things I'm Proud Of
Age of Fear III is to be the latest iteration in the Age of Fear series of Strategy games by Leszek Sliwko. I was brought back in 2015 to create a two new stories, write flavour text and generally make sure everything reads alright (since I'm the only native English speaker on the team, apparently). Along with these stories will come an improved narrative system, because let's face it, a screen full of text can be a buzzkill.
Link Aggregation. In the summer of 2015, I wrote a link aggregator to act as a mix between a reading list and bookmarking feature. The goal was to allow myself to save interesting pages I'd found while on my phone and easily access them from any other device at a later date. in summer of 2016 I went back and refactored with lessons-learned it to be easier to edit and read, while being harder to break.
Map generator and villager simulator. A university assignment, the purpose of the assignment was to demonstrate an understanding of various (simple) programming mechanics. I used controller classes, A* pathfinding, simple data & logic structures with some random map generation to demonstrate my understanding of said programming mechanics.
Audio-Visual Computing Project. The purpose of this project was simply to create something that "demonstrates Audio-Visual computing" with another person in the class. I worked on this to create a puzzle game where the player has to manipulate colours in the world in order to solve puzzles.
Demian's Story is a high fantasy tale of a northern woman trying to find her place in the south. Her search for purpose takes her to the study of magic where the natural strength of her kind makes her an asset. She quickly finds herself as a public servant, with the weight of the world upon her shoulders.
Age of Fear II was a late 2012/early 2013 (I honestly don't remember) turn-based strategy game made by one Leszek Sliwko. I was brought onboard to write it's Greenskins campaign. In 2015, the game went live on Steam, and has since had regular updates prompted by continued game sales.
Mobbly was a sports, tech and entertainment blog that I worked at for a year and a half, creating content and to editing content submitted by other users on behalf of the owner. The site benefited from being search engine optimised, with SEO being the main source of it's traffic. This traffic was consistent, but suffered from varying levels of quality and an almost sole dependence on SEO.
The Binding of Garna. It was 2010 and my first ever attempt to write a novel. I reached a word count of 40,000 words, mostly discovery-writing. As the plot developed inconsistencies in what I'd written and what the story was becoming became apparent. I opted to put it down and go back to it in future.
Sherpa Events
From June 2014 until September 2016. Sherpa is an event's subcontractor that works with all manner of clients to help them setup, operate and break down events and venues. This allowed me to participate in satisfying work, while facilitating travel to various events in parts of London and Southern England that I otherwise wouldn't know about or even consider visiting.


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Obviously there is no way to know for sure but the strong rebound is the type of sign we are looking for. There is intraday resistance at $107.25 and a continued move over that level would be a buy signal.
Nothing has really changed in the market. Gasoline demand declined somewhat last week as a result in the spike in prices but this is not a high use period anyway. Demand in late February and early March is normally light.
The big hit to crude prices today was the monster bounce in the dollar after the ECB LTRO-2 created another $712 billion in new euros for European banks. Adding to that drop in the euro, rise in the dollar was testimony by Ben Bernanke that did not contain any hint of a possible QE3. The testimony was not specifically bullish and he did say low rates would still be needed until 2014 but it was what he did not say that spiked the dollar. Some people believed the Fed would launch a new QE program as early as March to add a little more fuel to the recovery. The operation Twist program ends in June and interest rates are sure to rise without further Fed intervention. If the Fed wants to keep rates low after June they will have to announce some new program or at least extend the old one.
The Dollar Index jumped +63 basis points to 78.73 after hitting a low of 78.10 earlier in the day. The dollar closed at a four day high. The euro fell off a cliff after European banks lined up at the LTRO-2 window to withdraw another $712 billion (euro 529 Bn) in three year loans. This money printing by the ECB crushed the euro. Evidently analysts were hoping for a lower participation rate given the ramp higher by the euro over the prior two weeks. The first LTRO in December loaned $657.9 billion (euro 489 Bn). That makes a total of 1.018 trillion euros in 90 days. ($1.37 trillion) That is a lot of money sloshing around in the European banking sector and it should force sovereign debt rates significantly lower.
Dollar Index Chart
Euro Chart
Another reason for the early morning drop in crude prices was the +4.2 million build in inventories. However, that was tempered by the third consecutive decline in distillates with a -2.1 million barrel decline. Gasoline inventories declined by -1.6 million barrels. Refinery utilization declined despite the sharp rise in gasoline prices. Utilization will be choppy over the next few weeks as more capacity is shutdown for spring maintenance. The drop in utilization reduced oil demand by refineries by -282,000 bpd and that was responsible for some of the spike in inventories. Imports rose by +100.000 bpd.
Crude oil inventories are supposed to rise from February through early June as refineries add to supplies in anticipation of the summer driving season.
Crude Oil Inventory Chart
Distillate demand (diesel, heating oil and jet fuel) rose by +349,000 bpd. Distillate inventories are down -11.1% from the same period in 2011.
The decline in gasoline inventories was not due to increased usage. Demand fell by -270,000 bpd. The combination of lower demand and the planned liquidation of winter blends prior to the start of summer blend refining were responsible for the drop in inventories. Gasoline imports also declined by -246,000 bpd.
Inventory Snapshot
The MasterCard Spending Pulse report released on Tuesday showed a -7% decline in gasoline sales as prices spiked. The average U.S. price for gasoline rose to $3.73 per gallon and diesel is now $4.05. That is a record high for gasoline prices for February and suggests much higher prices for summer. The high for all of 2011 was $3.98 in May.
Gasoline Demand Chart
The risk to the economy for gasoline prices over $4 is severe. Deutsche Bank claims a 25-cent rise in gasoline prices reduces consumer spending by up to $30 billion a year and lowers GDP by 0.2%. The price of gasoline averaged $3.51 in 2011. If prices move well over $4 as expected this summer that could remove $60 billion from the economy.
As prices approach $4 we can expect stores like Wal-Mart, Target and Kohl's to begin warning on lower sales. At $4.50 per gallon the average family would lose about $1,000 of their already tight discretionary spending budget.
Most Americans are ignorant of economics but they can relate to the pain at the pump from high gasoline prices. A move much over $4 could spell real trouble for president Obama's reelection chances. Regardless of whose policies caused the problem it is the person in the oval office at the time of the price hike that gets the blame.
The high gasoline prices of 2008 are widely credited with causing the great recession. People were falling behind on their mortgage payments because gasoline for commuting was taking too much out of their budget. While I don't personally think that was the only cause I do think it was an additive factor. Writing loans to people who could not make the payments was the real problem. It was made worse by the higher fuel prices. I remember paying $4.95 per gallon on a trip to California and it was painful. If prices nationwide rise to $4.50 as many analysts expect there will be a lot of pain to go around.
Secretary Clinton testified today that the U.S. was making significant progress on curtailing Iran's ability to sell oil. The financial penalty sanctions for any country or bank doing business with Iran's central bank went into effect today. This is the start of a list of stronger sanctions that will increase in severity as we head into summer.
Clinton said the administration had held a series of "blunt" discussions with India, China and Turkey and those countries were cutting back on oil purchases a lot more than they publicly admit. Clinton said the frank discussions with numerous countries about U.S. intentions to act on anyone found dealing with Iran was producing significant results. She said the U.S. has had ample time to compile a significant list of institutions who are continuing to do business with Iran and they were acting to educate those institutions on the hazards of doing it in the future. Anyone dealing with Iran after today can be locked out of the global funds transfer network called SWIFT. That would be a death sentence to quite a few firms if they could no longer transfer money electronically.
Eventually the combination of these sanctions and others still to come will slow Iranian oil sales significantly by July 1st. This will reduce the available excess capacity worldwide at the same time as demand should be increasing from a rebounding global economy.
The three day decline in crude prices knocked several points off most of the stocks in the energy sector. I warned over the weekend to expect some serious volatility. Having the equity market decline at the same time created a little panic among those who had built up sizeable profits over the last month.
I see no reason to worry about the dip. Consumers may have postponed a trip out to eat or combined a couple errands into one trip to save gasoline but we are still early in the cycle and these cost saving measures will fade quickly. As the weather improves those with a case of cabin fever will begin to venture forth into spring and that involves transportation. Just the start of baseball season will generate untold additional miles driven as hundreds of thousands of fans head to the ballparks everywhere every day.
Thirty teams playing 162 games each over seven months averaging 5.3 games per week. Since it takes two teams to play a game that means 79.5 games per week. If only 30,000 people attended each game that would be 2.38 million people per week traveling to ball games. Most will travel with a friend so that is not 2.38 million individual trips but you get the idea. Assuming two people per trip and 15 mile average each way that is 35.8 million miles traveled per week. Assuming 15 miles average per gallon in the commuting car that equates to 2.5 million gallons of gasoline per week in additional consumption. Obviously some will take public transportation but some will also drive a lot farther than 15 miles each way. That equates to $10.5 billion dollars at $4.25 per gallon. Compared to the cost of tickets, hot dogs, popcorn and beer that is only a drop in the budget bucket.
Plan on paying higher prices regardless of where you are driving this summer.
Jim Brown
Click here to email Jim
Peak Oil - The term Peak Oil is very over used and misunderstood. Peak oil does not mean the end of oil production.
Peak Oil, A Brief Description
Saudi Arabia - The largest oil producer on the planet is also the most secretive about their production and reserves.
Saudi Arabia, Smoke and Mirrors
China - Much is said about China's growing oil demand with consumption in China up +250% over the last four years. China, A Bear on the Prowl
Oil Production - It is very tough to get accurate numbers on global oil production since OPEC chooses not to release any data. Global Oil Production
Oil Demand - Global oil demand is a very hard number to pin down but it is safe to say that demand will exceed supply very soon. Global Oil Demand
Bakken Shale - What about the trillions of barrels in the Bakken Shale in North Dakota? Bakken Shale
Read more about Peak Oil here: Peak Oil Facts
Oil Production - It is very tough to get accurate numbers on global oil production since OPEC chooses not to release any data. Global Oil Production
Oil Demand - Global oil demand is a very hard number to pin down but it is safe to say that demand will exceed supply very soon. Global Oil Demand
Bakken Shale - What about the trillions of barrels in the Bakken Shale in North Dakota? Bakken Shale
Read more about Peak Oil here: Peak Oil Facts
Oil Demand - Global oil demand is a very hard number to pin down but it is safe to say that demand will exceed supply very soon. Global Oil Demand
Bakken Shale - What about the trillions of barrels in the Bakken Shale in North Dakota? Bakken Shale
Read more about Peak Oil here: Peak Oil Facts
Bakken Shale - What about the trillions of barrels in the Bakken Shale in North Dakota? Bakken Shale
Read more about Peak Oil here: Peak Oil Facts


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Happy Christmas: Paz na Terra
Conversation in a Bar in the Caribe last November:
Me: sporting a T-shirt with the Lennon/Ono slogan "War is Over, If You want it"
Irish Couple: So which war is over?
Me: This was originally a Lennon/Ono slogan against Vietnam, but I think it applies to any war a democratic country wages.
Irish Couple: We are very catholic, we don't believe in all that peace and love thing.
Conversation in the parking lot at St. Charles in Bloomington
Me: getting out of my Prius with the kids on the side that has a sticker that says "Support Faith-based Missile Defense Systems".
Man: Now why are you mocking people's faith, especially here by the Church?
Me: Well, I actually mean it in a very Catholic, albeit agnostic, kind of way...
Man: How come?
Me: In the sense that Catholics believe in Free Will and don't believe that God really intervenes in our affairs. In the sense that Peace and War are the responsability of humans, not God.
Man: That's messed up.
Labels: Peace


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Explorers runs every Wednesday during term time, from 5:00-6:15pm in St.Peter's. We'll be doing loads of cool stuff – playing games, making things, doing activities and getting to know more about God together. If you're in years 3-6 this is the club for you!
Contact email@example.com for more information.
Event Details
St Peter's Church, St Peter's Terrace, London, SW6 7JS
3rd April 2019
5:00 pm – 6:15 pm


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Recently, I mentioned that I strongly value an emergency fund and that I had reached my short-term goal of a two month emergency fund, currently held in a high-interest savings account. Since I reached this goal, I've continued to automatically drop the same large amount each week into that account.
"That's great," you might think, "but what's the point?" Since I reached my emergency fund goal, I decided to use that account as the "springing-off point" for future investments. I have some rather lofty long term goals and it has become clear to me that I need to start thinking about serious investing if I want to make those goals. So here's what I'm doing.
Before I even receive my pay, I'm putting the full matching amount into a retirement plan. I view this as an immediate 100% return on my investment, because that's exactly what this is: free money. Not much else to say here, other than the investment allocation is pretty aggressive.
I am continuing to put $200 a week into my "emergency fund" account, which also serves as my "investment base" account. This way, my budget accounts for $200 a week for all investments. I use this account as the springboard for my other investment moves.
Right now, I am putting $100 a week from my "emergency fund" account into a index fund. Between my wife and I, we're calling this our "dream house" fund. We're hoping that in about twelve years or so, we will have a home mortgage mostly paid off and about $80,000 to $100,000 in this account. At that point, we're going to buy our dream home.
Starting in January 2007, I am opening a Roth IRA and contributing $80 a week from my "emergency fund" account into it. Over 50 weeks, this adds up to my $4,000 annual contribution to the account. As I've mentioned, it was something of a difficult decision for me to go ahead with a Roth IRA, so I consider this a big step forward for me.
This leaves $20 a week to continue slowly growing the emergency fund. I want the growth of the emergency fund to exceed my salary growth so that the time it can "cover" us (if need be) can grow over time.
Any "bonuses" get invested straight into the mutual fund unless there is some other obvious need that the money could address, such as an automotive purchase or so forth.
This plan basically revolves around two principles.
Automatic investments make it very easy to budget. I simply don't include this money in my weekly or monthly budgets, knowing that it's "taken care of." This makes it very easy to save, as it is "out of sight, out of mind."
I'm under thirty, so I'm looking long term. I want to really accumulate by the time I'm fifty or sixty or so, so now's the time to put things in places where they will grow a lot until then.
I feel pretty confident in this plan and I believe it will provide for my future. I hope that it will also help me meet my long term financial goals.


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Today's post comes from Tom Ambury, PT and compliance officer at PT Compliance Group, and WebPT cofounder and COO Heidi Jannenga, PT, MPT, ATC/L.
One of the most frequently asked questions in the PT billing space is: "Our state practice act allows licensed PTAs to treat without direct onsite supervision. I understand that PTAs can't bill under their own National Provider Identifier (NPI) and license, so how do I bill for my PTA's services?"
The answer: Don't confuse state licensure laws with billing rules.
Per Medicare rule: 42 C.F.R. §410.26(b)(1)-(7); and CMS Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Pub. 100-4, Ch. 15, §60.1 - §60.5, in order to bill for outpatient services provided by a PTA in a non-institutional setting, the claim must meet the following conditions:
- The supervising therapist performs the evaluation and establishes the plan of care.
- The services the PTA provides are medically necessary.
- The supervising therapist provides direct onsite supervision (i.e., he or she can be in the same building but not necessarily in the same room).
- The supervising therapist must be immediately available to intervene. (i.e., he or she cannot be doing something that is uninterruptable.)
- The supervising therapist must have active ongoing involvement in the management and control of the patient's condition.
- If the patient presents with a new condition, the supervising therapist must see the patient.
- The PTA providing the service under the direct onsite supervision of the therapist must be an employee or an independent contractor of the practice.
The above information applies to Medicare specifically. Although we are unable to find an exact reference for commercial insurance carriers, many commercial insurance contracts have language that states: "follows billing rules defined by Medicare." In case law, there are numerous examples of prosecution for violating these billing rules for Medicare, so the most important take-away is to proceed at your own risk. If your state law allows licensed PTAs to treat without direct onsite supervision, understand that Medicare (and most likely many commercial insurance companies) do not allow for this. You cannot receive reimbursement for services that do not meet the conditions listed above. Ultimately, you must supervise your PTAs if you want to get paid, and for both Medicare and commercial insurances, make absolutely sure you document correctly and in detail.
Here are four tips to help you ensure your documentation demonstrates that you've met the necessary, aforementioned conditions:
- Include language that affirms you reviewed your plan of care with the PTA providing the service under your direction.
- Document regular meetings with the PTA where you review the patient's progress.
- Indicate when the treatment has advanced to the next more complex or sophisticated task.
- Cosign the daily note, but also have the PTA document that he or she "provided services under the direct supervision of (name of the supervising therapist)."
How do I implement this using WebPT Billing or one of WebPT's billing integration partners?
The most important thing to remember is that the supervising therapist (whom you're billing the services under) must be onsite. Because PTAs cannot bill for their own services, you must submit claims under an onsite supervising PT's credentials. Regardless of your state practice act rules, the supervising therapist should cosign the billing note to ensure that you bill the PTA's services correctly. While this can be a workflow challenge and potentially increase the therapist's workload, it will ensure that your clinic is compliant with billing.
When billing for services under a PT license and NPI, sign in box 31 on the CMS 1500 claim form before submitting it for payment. By signing in box 31 (i.e., cosigning the note for your PTA or applying your name and credentials to bill under), you are certifying that:
- The claim is accurate;
- You have completed the documentation to support the claim; and
- Either you provided the service or a PTA provided the service under your direct onsite supervision.
Once the PTA has documented services for a treatment Date of Service, he or she should forward the note to the onsite supervising PT. (Remember, it may not be the primary therapist if that PT is not onsite at the time of treatment). At the bottom of the Daily Note billing sheet, there is a forwarding drop down menu that lists all active PTs in your clinic, so that the PTA can appropriately forward the note.
In the upper right-hand corner of the PT's dashboard within WebPT, there is an alert for "Incomplete Cosign Docs." This is where PTs can find the PTA's notes. Finalizing the note from the Plan tab will allow both the PT and PTA's signatures to appear on the note and more importantly, it will transfer the appropriate PT's name and NPI number to bill the claim correctly.
WebPT recommends you take all of the above steps when billing for Medicare and commercial insurances.


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Our Journey to get to this Island was sure frightening as we had to fly through through the typhoon on their local airplane due to the strong waves in the ocean.
Here's a picture of a secret beach a local friend brought us to.
It only happens in the morning where the tide is high and to get here,
we had to rent a bike, drive through a mini typhoon and lastly walk on the volcanic rocks and climbing down into the caves to get into this secret beach.
The water was extremely clear and sea creatures seems to live happily over here !
We even spotted Nemos and beautiful corals beneath !
The Island isn't that big and 1 Day is good enough to ride a bike around it.
The only problem was that the wind was extremely strong on the other side that it almost blew our bike away !!
Thus, locals would prefer you to drive real slowly.
The views were amazing ! but the big waves were kinda terrifying !
see the difference on how such coral reefs and volcanic rocks formed a peaceful pool by the beach area !
I didn't have to worry about sea urchins either ! Only someparts have corals and are deep enough to dive and check out their underwater. But the shallow ones were good enough for a pool dipping !
The land is full of wild goats on the rocky cliffs and green pastures.
Plus, nice weird looking rocks !
CAVES for Geeks like me~
Don't be surprise ! The aboriginal people here are mainly Christians !
Wild goat hiking as if it's easy !
And when we're back on our other side, it's less windy and the ocean is much more calm where the locals practice their boat race.
Here's where we star gazed at night and saw the milky way. And an Owl flew by during our drive at night. It look like a FAT Flying Cat !
The Most Unforgetable was surely this secret beach.
I Would come back here again next time and hopefully it's still there !!XOXO