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2nd Prize Draw
Wednesday, 19 September 2012
To celebrate reaching a quarter (25%) of the way to our target, I would again like to give something back to say thank you, and again it's a copy of Simon and Eugene's amazing "Darwin A Graphic Novel".
So, as before, thank you again to all who have supported the book so far, and if you don't win this time, I hope you do so next. 102 names go into the hat (spreadsheet, sorted alphabetically), one is pulled out at random (using random number function)…
And, the winner is …
David Craven!
Congratulations David, please make contact (@jfderry). Commiserations everyone else. Please keep returning to the shed for updates, articles, images, audio clips, videos, and other goodies. Speak soon.
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Dag nabbit : Oldcootism used during great consternation or surprise. Used by 1890's prospectors, cantankerous old farmers, and young people playing old people on TV in the '60's and '70's.
September 21, 2012


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3 bored PC technicians - at your service
Enough is enough. We created this small (and poorly-designed) website after receiving too many complaints from customers,
who claimed it has become a real pain to find the right driver update software, with so many options to choose from.
There are simply too many websites promoting crappy software in such a deceiving way, that if you are not a geek or someone with extra knowledge ? you are most likely to download the wrong software, and waste both precious time and $$.
Only True Product Recommendations
So here we are, a bunch of techie guys that decided to download and test all the "major" and "recommended" driver update tools, those with 5 start seals from Tucows, Softpedia, Geekfiles, etc.. and some with other types of promotional stuff - and after testing the hell out of every software, on 8 different computers, we summed up our test results and based our recommendations to you ? on this website. Now, why would we spend so many hours - testing, writing and working, just to help a few people find the best software to use?
Are we doing all that for charity reasons?. The answer is a simple no. We do get a small commission for every referral that we make,
but unlike others that shamelessly promote and recommend crappy software just to get the highest commission possible,
we at Driver Finder actually use the products we recommend on a daily basis,
and we would never give our honest recommendation if we are not positive that the product is worth our warm words.
Your Feedback is important!
We would love to hear your opinion after you tried Driver Genius on your machine. It really is a great piece of software,
but we still want to know if you have any feedback that can further improve the software in future versions.
We will pass your feedback to the owner of the software () if we find that it may be valuable.
Terms and conditions
Please review our disclaimer and privacy policies to learn how we protect your privacy and what you need to know before you take any action on our site.

subset: commoncrawl


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Why value trumps price when buying enterprise software
Read Full Article
The corporate procurement process traditionally focuses on achieving the best purchase price. A far better approach is to focus on the value provided by the software rather than its price.The value of enterprise software comes from its ability to satisfy requirements. If software is bought on price, you can absolutely guarantee that shortcuts were taken, and a thorough requirements analysis was not done. Such projects always carry a serious business risk.


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Hey students! SchoolTube the safest way for you to post and share your education video projects.
With SchoolTube you can:
- Upload and save videos
- Create a personal channel page to showcase your videos
- Generate links to your video
- Get ideas for video assignments by searching hundreds of thousands of videos made by students just like you!
- Discover practical lessons on math, and other subjects generated by teachers across the country.
Watch the Demo: Student Sign Up Process
SchoolTube is free! Activate a teacher or school account today and start hosting and sharing education videos today!


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No Face Iron-on Embroidered Patch
2 in stock
Our family loves Studio Ghibli! But we were really anxious about showing Jubilee "Spirited Away" for the first time. Imagine our surprise when she immediately reacted to (what we think, at least) the scariest character in the movie by proclaiming him to be "her friend, No Face". We drew her buddy up and designed him as a custom embroidery so he could go on her hat, and made a few extras for you while we were at it.
3×2 inches
Has iron-on backing.
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A consultation will determine the highest quality of product used for your service and amount of texture for your hair. AVEDA products may be recommended to support the texture chosen for your service.
Full Head starting at 75
Partial Head starting at 50
Specialty Perm starting at 85
Chemical Straighteners starting at 75
Relaxers starting at 75


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Michelle DeShon Dishes on her Guitar-Playing Character in "Satisfaction"
Posted by Lindsay Cronin | Jul 18, 2014 | Entertainment | 0
Michelle DeShon recently landed the role of 16-year-old Anika Truman on "Satisfaction," but it didn't come easy. When she arrived at her audition, DeShon discovered the other girls trying out had guitars and they were all expected to sing a song. Because DeShon wasn't anticipating either of those things, she went into panic mode but got through it and sang a song she heard on the radio on the way there. From there, she was forced to learn more music, which she did with the help of a friend. "I borrowed my 10-year-old neighbor's play guitar and I learned a song on YouTube and took seven lessons in five days and learned a song," DeShon said. "It's cool that I get to learn guitar." On the show, Anika uses her music as a way to escape and express herself, and at times, it comes back to bite her. In one scene from the first episode, Anika exposes two of her teachers who are having an affair during a school talent show and faces the repercussions from her principal. Meanwhile, Anika's parents' marriage is spiraling out of control. Luckily, Anika doesn't seem to notice the drama going on around her. "I don't think she's consciously aware, but that's one thing that's cool about the music," DeShon said. "It kind of seeps into her songs and everything that is going on with her parents, it effects their child, so I think eventually she'll become more aware, but consciously I don't think she realizes that there is some serious problems." One reason Anika may not notice her parents' issues is because she's got issues of her own. As a 16-year-old, Anika is dealing with the normal hardships teens go through, including her desire to find her place, all while refusing to conform to what others may want from her. "There's big family episodes were a lot of the issues are with the family, but she also has her own storyline with what goes on at school," DeShon said. "She might meet a boy, she might find her own love, so she has her own story line, as well as what is with the whole family." "She definitely beats to her own drum," DeShon said. "She's very strong in who she is. She's so brave and she doesn't conform to anything. I think she teaches her parents that being true to yourself is the number one thing." When asked which of her parents her character was closest to on the show, DeShon revealed it was her mother, but told CableTV that there is definitely going to be some future drama between them. "Anika is definitely closer to her mom because Neil works 60 hours a week and I think he's very much the boss dad, but she also has some kind of tiffs with her mom," DeShon said. "In general, she's been fairly close to her mom and it's just recently that they are starting to bicker." For more of DeShon, tune into "Satisfaction" when it premieres July 17 on USA.
Photo: Google+ Find Lindsay on Google+
Photo: Google+ Find Lindsay on Google+
About the Author
Lindsay Cronin
Lindsay Cronin is a full-time writer and self-proclaimed Twitter jockey. Her multiple Twitter accounts are followed by celebrities like Paris Hilton, Terrell Owens, and Teresa Giudice, to name a few.


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General Motors Co. has settled two federal court cases related to its defective ignition switches, however its legal troubles stemming from the switches are removed from over. Auctions will also be another effective technique to save on items you want to begin your Chiropractic follow. The contents of storage unit lockers are often auctioned off when the renter defaults and fails to pay their bill. An area storage unit company near my properties additionally has an annual tent sale where they drag out objects from renters who surrendered their belongings. Eventualities like these can save you some cold arduous cash. Of course you could additionally lower your expenses in a conventional or on-line public sale as effectively.
hello amjith, I'm not familiar with the beverage business. Are you speaking about distribution or manufacturing? Each are very completely different although manufacturing will price the most. Distribution is perhaps tough but when people like what you're promoting then it ought to do properly in fact. They also remove critics who've had the temerity to query their world view. What ill be promoting – Selfmade/Sew- Boys bow ties, Ladies head bands, Bibs, Burb cloths, Quilts, Dolls/ gentle toys, comfortable books, boys/girls clothes, pacifier clips, Pram liners and Hood covers, Ect.
I make playing cards for the A2 and A7 measurement envelopes. If you are in an area that's short on bulk high grade paper and envelopes, boxes of 250 envelopes are available by way of I always have A7 in shiny white and an ivory. A2 size is the least expensive linen in white I can find. Because of the popularity of the product though, it appears like it is a pretty time and power consuming direct-sales job. Consultants appear to do their finest work from home-parties. Nevertheless, there are consumers who search this product out so internet hosting digital events and protecting a web-based presence would most likely benefit a seller too. Evidently the key to success with Pampered Chef products begins with personality, particularly an outgoing and bubbly one.
Proposal writers need not begin by observing a blank pc display screen. A package with pre-designed templates, samples, and automation software can provide you a big head begin. By clicking Submit, you agree that Dash or a Dash Authorized Business Consultant could contact you about your request and that Dash may additionally send you extra information about business options and different service and product promotions to the e-mail deal with provided. Be transparent: Make it obvious in your business that you simply walk dogs. Leaving one to wonder simply what you do, irrespective of how awesome a name you might have, may truly drive a potential customer away!
Enclosed are many brief sentiments and quotes that I have composed myself because I'm a little bit of a sweet tooth addict! Am planning to open a non-public faculty to teach european pastry and chocolate courses. Ideally in a central location e.g Sathorn. Rotten Tomatoes: The identify was inspired from the follow of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes once they have been shown a poor efficiency. Spotify:The founders were doing a brainstorming session trying to provide you with a name sooner or later and one suggestion was misheard as Spotify". When it was realized that there have been no Google outcomes for the word, the duo instantly registered the title.


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MBA colleges accepting MAT Score 2018; Cross check your May MAT score with the college cut off
Post declaration of May MAT 2018 Result on May 25, 2018, the MAT score card download from AIMA website has also started. More than 300 MBA colleges accepting May MAT exam scores have kept their admission process open for 2018-20 batch. The MBA/PGDM admission in all the MBA colleges accepting MAT score is to close shortly as per AICTE norms.
Accordingly, if you have appeared in May MAT exam and have scored a percentile 50 and above and are planning to do MBA in 2018, there are ample admission opportunities but the need is to apply without wasting time any further.


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Memorial celebrates 40 years of distance educationBy Courtenay Griffin
Distance Education and Learning Technologies (DELT) launched its 40th anniversary celebrations recently, recognizing four decades of distance education service to the province. Outside of the G.A. Hickman building on the St. John's campus, a group of volunteers dressed in graduation caps and gowns, waved to morning traffic with banners and balloons to commemorate the milestone.
The display was organized to raise awareness of the unit's four decades of service and to pay tribute to Memorial's distance education students. There are currently over 500 exam locations in Newfoundland and Labrador alone, in addition to the numerous others throughout Canada and around the world.
"After 40 years, the unit which is now known as DELT has evolved to achieve its place in the institution, thanks to Memorial's continuous commitment and mandate to serve all citizens of the province," said Ann Marie Vaughan, director of DELT. "The goal of these celebration efforts is to acknowledge Memorial's leadership in distance education innovation and the connections we've established both with Memorial's faculties and schools, as well as the rural regions of the province."
Starting in the fall of 1969, the unit began to push the boundaries of technology to increase access and enhance the delivery of post-secondary education. Psychology 341 was launched as the first distance education course using videotape recorders, television receivers, mobile carts and long-distance phone service.
Four decades later, DELT will celebrate Memorial's anniversary throughout the year through various marketing and communications efforts. The campaign aims to build awareness of the institution's history, as well as the unique position DELT has in providing an online education supported by the credibility of a residential university.
Since the beginning with three off-campus courses televised to 13 communities in the province, Memorial currently offers some 400 courses in numerous degree programs to over 17,000 distance education registrants annually. "Memorial has become recognized as a national leader of innovation in education," said Ms. Vaughan, "and we continuously explore technologies that aim to enhance the teaching and learning experience."


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Dear All
Please be advised the Photo Editing Class is FULLY BOOKED. There are ONLY TWO seats available for the Photography Crash Class. We Advice that you Attend the Photography Crash Class first, than next month you can enrol for the Photo Editing Class, as we cannot guarantee the Availability of Both Class together Next Month
To Confirm your Seat, please Call Momin on 98173492. Advice which of the Following Class :
(1) Photography Crash Course (RO 45)
Class Date: Saturday 8th August 2015
Time: 9AM to 5PM (Snacks and Lunch Included)
Arrange to Pay him the Fee and you will receive a Receipt confirming your Seat. Please be Advice there are only 10 seats per Class, We advice you to register your seat as soon as possible. First Come First Served. The Classes are only conducted ONCE A MONTH
Please Bring your camera (battery fully charged), your camera manual. The Camera preferably to be a DSLR or atleast a camera with controls (Shutter, Aperture, ISO)
For more info about the course click link below:
To see what other students say about the class and their experience please click link below:


text: Our SoftwaresTurnkey Solution Hello!OrNsoft turnkey products are intended for all companies wishing to grip simple, fast and economical IT solutions.Meet your potential for growth and customer reach in the shortest possible time. With our line of products you and your company can communicate better, think faster, be quicker and make life simpler.Choose a software or solution that is as unique as your business and make it happen fast and all with your budget in mind. Our softwares will adapt to you and not the opposite. What we doPRODUCTS Robust and scalable IT hybrid that can be used as a foundation for any type of website or software.Request Information Social collaboration software designed for mid size business and enterprises.Read More Meet with anyone you need to from anywhere in the world instantly and securely.Request Information The most advanced Business Oriented Software .Request Information With WebShopE, expand your turnover and manage all your stores from one place.Read More Build customers loyalty and retention by expanding your business online.Request Information They trust usSome of our clients Whith OrNsoft we got a true unique website, that's as intuitive as we are. It truly is a "Glam Sales Machine" that generates more than .70% of our turnover. Anna B. Sales DirectorWhith the analysis and solutions of OrNsoft our theater on the edge of bankruptcy has found the path of growth & profits. Denis M.General ManagerWe have worked with software providers for the past 6 years and OrNsoft is by far the best on service, price, and attention to detail. They are more than an supplier, but a true partner to our business. Kevin SheaIt Manager CertificationsOrNsoft Partners Get in touchRequest a call back[] 1 Step 1Please fill in the form to receive a FREE, NO OBLIGATION CONSULTATION for your project. You will be contacted within 24 hours.NameEmailPhoneSUBMITPreviousNext


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Channel your inner Baggins and escape to the Lake District's award-winning Quiet Site for a night of Tolkien-esque underground glamping. Your spacious Hobbit Hole can cosily house up to two adults and three children, so the whole clan can get together for this latest adventure. Highly insulated, warm, attractive and sustainable, your base for the night also boasts stunning views over Ullswater, England's second longest lake. Inside, you'll find a comfortable soft-sleep ledge, seating, a table, electric lights, and both power and USB charge points. The heating is thermostatically controlled and there are plenty of storage spaces and coat hooks. As well as this, the campsite itself has extensive facilities including a bar, shop, showers, toilets, family bathrooms, games room and local walk sheet to help you make the most of your stay. All you need to bring along are the essentials for the night. If you're looking for a unique getaway to one of the UK's most picturesque locations, then look no further as the Quiet Sight's Hobbit Holes are sure to be a crowd-pleaser.
Ticket Price is just £67.50 – Book Your Tickets Now
More Info
Participant guidelines: Under 18s must be accompanied by an adult Due to the rural location the expe
Includes: One night escape in a Hobbit Hole in the Lake District Stay at the award-winning Quiet Sight Sleeps
Locations: Cumbria – Ullswater
Escape to the Lake District for a night at the award-winning Quiet Site. Set amongst some of the region's most stunning scenery, up to two adults and three children will be able to spend the night in one of the unique Hobbit Holes. Well insulated and warm, with both USB and power points, all you'll need to bring is the essentials for the night. Your Hobbit Hole includes a soft sleep ledge, seating, heating, storage, electric points, USB points, and electric lights. Campsite facilities include a bar, shop, showers, toilets, family bathrooms, local walk sheet, soft play area, games room, library, play park and a laundry. Just don't forget your sleeping bags!
Book Your Tickets Now


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Finally, here it is.
Pattern from Kim Hargreaves, in her book Heartfelt: The Dark House Collection. I used 8 balls of Felted Tweed in Carbon 159, and made size 38".
The only changes from the pattern were the omission of the knitted belt - not my sort of thing really - although there would have been enough yarn for it, and the join at the middle of the neckband at the back. The pattern says to cast off both ends and seam - I worked a Russian graft with the live stitches, and I am really pleased with the result. I did a little 'how to' on this a while back - time for an update on that sometime, I think - but that is basically how I did it.
Just one thing to note - it is a good idea to work this join on the wrong side of the fabric. It really is very unobtrusive indeed, considering that the join is on double moss stitch.
I've started Pomander.
This pattern is from Martin Storey, in the RYC book Summer Delights. The yarn is of course Cotton Jeans, and I'm working on 4.5mm needles. It is hurting my hands as cotton always does, despite the fact that it is so soft in the ball and in the finished fabric. So I am only picking it up each time for a little while, and hoping that I'll toughen up soon.
Loving the colour, though, and the textured stitch adds a bit of interest to the knitting.
At the moment we are quite busy getting the boat ready for the journey to the Guildford Festival Boat Gathering - we've definitely decided to go, this year, and we'll be leaving in mid-June. Puppy will come too, of course!
We are allowing two weeks to get there, which should be plenty of time. I'm trying to make sure that the larder cupboard is well stocked with a good assortment of tinned and longlife food, besides the usual dry goods such as rice and non-wheat pasta - plus puppy food too. We do have a fridge, and we make full use of that as well, but it is a good idea to minimise shopping en route as much as possible and that means a bit of forward thinking and menu planning.
What else - this afternoon we are going to visit the puppies for the first time! -so the camera battery is charging. They are not yet four weeks old but apparently are growing well, and the mother is just beginning to push them away, so the breeder is starting to wean them.
There are two girl puppies - one is blue roan, and the other is blue roan with some touches of tan - and we can choose which one we would like.
We've decided that the name is probably going to be Jess - or Jessie. Although that may yet change!
Wednesday, 12 May 2010
3 comments:
- Sel and Poivre said...
There is something wonderful about undertaking a boat trip - quite different from travelling across land. As wonderful as that adventure sounds though I so wish I was going to look at puppies today!
- 12 May 2010 at 12:46
- Brenda said...
The boat trip sounds wonderful - but you haven't mentioned stocking the larder with yarn. It's the first thing I'd do. :)
- 14 May 2010 at 18:02
- Linda said...
Dusk looks great, very wearable. I hope you enjoy the puppy viewing.
- 15 May 2010 at 15:44
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This is a new concept that I have thought about for a while. Here I will collect my favourite pins to show you as an inspiration for some of the topics. As many of you, I find Pinterest very helpful and basically it's contagiously good. I pin everyday and find different boards to create so if you are on Pinterest get in touch with me here.
My first inspirational board will be about Christmas spirit. Since December is all about giving and receiving, everyone is in a good mood and I can feel the Christmas spirit is already here. It brings me back to the time I grew up. As a child, I believed in Santa for a very long time, probably because my parents did their best to make Christmas look magical and also because as a person I like to believe that there is good magic in this world. I like to be a dreamer even though I know some may never come true. I still watch old Christmas movies and wish to be a child back in the days, at least for one day. Is it just me or you also feel the same?
Follow me on


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Why You Shouldn't Use an iPad Charger for Your E-Cig
E-Cigarette News April 13, 2014 Katie Bercham 0
Over the past few years, we've seen several unfortunate stories about exploding electronic cigarettes. While the media tends to portray these incidents as a problem with e-cig technology, it is typically a user problem. Explosions happen when people try to manipulate their electronic cigarettes without fully understanding the dangers of battery voltage and the potential harms. Most recently, an electronic cigarette exploded in the United Kingdom when a vaper attempted to charge the battery with an iPad charger.
The explosion happened at the bar inside the Buck Inn Hotel in Richmond. Two people were reportedly injured in the blast. According to a witness, someone plugged in their e-cig with an iPad charger at and it exploded unexpectedly, burning a customer and a woman working at the bar. Laura Baty, age 18, suffered minor burns on her arms and her dress was also damaged. She was returning change to a customer when the ecig exploded.
"I could see the fire coming at me and I felt the heat as I ran away," Baty explained. "I started crying hysterically and my arm was all black. My dress caught on fire as I ran away and I just didn't know what was happening." The injured customer escaped with minor injuries. The blaze eventually burned itself out on the bar floor.
Richmond fire fighter Steve Bake said the damage could have been much worse if the explosion had happened in a home. "If that had happened in someone's house, it could have set curtains or furniture ablaze so there is clearly a big risk here. Especially if someone has no smoke detectors."
This was definitely a scary situation, but fortunately, no one was badly hurt. This should be an important reminder to all electronic cigarette users. Never charge your e-cigarette with equipment that wasn't designed for e-cigs. Even if the USB port fits in your cell phone charger or your iPad charger, don't do it. It's just not worth the risk.
Electronic cigarette starter kits come equipped with everything you need for charging your e-cigarette. If a wall adapter is not included with the USB charger, purchase one directly from the e-cig manufacturer. This will insure that it is fully approved for use with your e-cig and you won't risk setting your house on fire.
Spread the word to your vaping friends and remember to always follow manufacturer's instructions when charging your e-cigarette. Let's work together to avoid more stories like this one. Exploding e-cigarettes are totally preventable with a little common sense.


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April 20 – 9 a.m.
Fairview Baptist Church, 520 Fairview Loop Rd, Mount Vernon, KY
This race, in its ninth year, is staged with skill and care by a church family who loves running and embraces the community. You'll be uplifted by the atmosphere and sure to spot a few bright Redbuds along the way. Those who live in Berea and northward – Fairview Baptist is only a couple of miles south of the Madison County line on Hwy. 25. Come let an April breeze push you to a great finish! Proceeds benefit mission work.


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Shelving is a useful storage solution for homes and offices alike. Shelves help you save space and utilize the minimum available space in the best way possible. Many kinds of shelving solutions are available in the market that helps you store things neatly.
With the many options available for your specific needs, contact us at (215) 425-6182 to find the best system for your storage .


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In a segment of her life that should be captured in her grandchildren's crayon art on the refrigerator, Debbie Cochran traverses a different path to fulfill her lifelong dream of being a recording artist. This Natural State (Arkansas) songstress proves it's truly never too late to pursue your childhood aspirations. "My entire family had a musical vein and, even back when I was all knees and elbows, I would spend my days with my grandma who played the piano and organ and sang regularly in church," remembers Debbie. "That was the root of my gospel influence. Those powerful lyrics and harmonic vocals were mesmerizing!"
Those key based instruments opened the flood gates to a lifelong passion of instrumental and vocal discovery. Throughout the journey to this debut record, Debbie learned to play the mountain dulcimer and bass guitar while honing her talents as a songwriter. "I remember many times finding any paper close by to write down lyrics and not understanding why I was driven to write them down. Making the decision to turn it into something more than a few interesting lines was a true labor of love that I can't live without now."
Today, her style would be described as a golden gospel voice peppered with traditional country undertones. This Helen Mirren meets Debbie Boone performer, anchors her sounds in her church reared impressionable years and her love of early Reba McEntire and Martina McBride tracks. While her soul is rejuvenated with the journey to Nashville, it results in some awkward moments with her family. "I find myself getting lost in the music and I can't praise my husband (Elmer) enough for his patience. I can't recall all the times that he's snapped his fingers and asked me, 'Are you here or in Nashville?'"
Before turning to the production ears of Kent Wells (Dolly Parton, Neal McCoy & Michael Peterson) to guide the project, the only outlet she had to share her music with the world was on a stage that her husband built in their hometown of Batesville, AR. "When you live in a town of less than 10,000, the opportunities to play music are not just limited, they don't exist. Elmer saw how much this dream meant to me and built me my own Opry stage here in the city. I can't wait to perform this new album in front of my family and friends on our home stage."
When Debbie isn't on stage, she spends her autumn years traveling the world with Elmer in the RV. He diligently plans each stop and packs for their highway vacations while Debbie spends her time trying to figure out how she's going to fit all her music equipment in the RV while leaving enough cabinet space to accommodate their luggage. One item that is a must have for every road trip is her camera. "I love to take pictures and make my own DVDs. It's another opportunity to touch hearts and tell a story through the images and music." Debbie's story and music is one that has spread smiles and serves as a testament to the vitality of the human spirit. She lives her lyrics everyday that she steps in the studio, writes a new song or hits the lights center stage ---"It's never too late!"


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- Research article
- Open Access
A real world experience with fingolimod in active RRMS patients naïve to second-line agents: a 2 years, intention-to-treat, observational, single center study
© Baroncini et al. 2016
- Received: 19 May 2015
- Accepted: 17 February 2016
- Published: 1 April 2016
Fingolimod is approved by EMA as a second-line treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Experience with fingolimod in real life is still limited. Aim of our study was to report data on fingolimod effectiveness in a real life cohort of Italian active RRMS patients, naïve to second-line agents, followed for 2 years. Fingolimod was a part of the patients' regular treatment and is produced by Novartis.
We included all consecutive RRMS patients starting fingolimod at our center according to EMA criteria before January 1st 2013. Exclusion criteria were a previous treatment with natalizumab or an immunosuppressant therapy in the previous 12 months. All patients were clinically evaluated quarterly, and performed brain MRI yearly. Definition of "no evidence of disease activity" (NEDA-3): no relapses, no brain MRI activity and no 6-months confirmed worsening in EDSS score.
We included 38 RRMS patients, 35 switched from first-line injectable therapies. Six patients were also previously treated with immunosuppressants (5 mitoxantrone, 1 cyclophosphamide). At 24th month 34 patients continued fingolimod treatment. Main adverse events were infections (18 %), liver-enzymes elevation (8 %), and leukopenia (8 %). After 12 and 24 months 79 and 63 % of patients were relapses-free. Fingolimod significantly reduced ARR compared to the previous year (0.3 ± 0.6 vs 1.2 ± 0.5; p < 0.001). After 12 and 24 months 63 and 37 % of patients had NEDA-3. Previous use of immunosuppressants and an ARR ≥1 in the 2 years predicted disease activity.
Fingolimod significantly reduce disease activity in active RRMS patients, with no severe/unexpected safety issues. Patients previously treated with immunosuppressants and with a higher ARR at baseline may respond less to fingolimod treatment.
- Natalizumab
- European Medicine Agency
- Glatiramer Acetate
- Fingolimod
- Genital Herpes
Fingolimod (FTY) is the first oral disease-modifying drug (DMD) approved for the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). By acting as a functional antagonist on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor, FTY blocks the capacity of lymphocytes to egress from lymph nodes, reducing their infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) [1]. Once daily FTY 0.5 mg has demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing disease activity with respect to placebo [2, 3] and to intramuscular interferon (IFN) β-1a once/week [4] in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Main adverse events (AEs) associated with FTY are herpes virus infections, first-dose induced bradycardia, arterial hypertension, macular edema, liver-enzymes elevation, and lymphopenia [2–4].
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved FTY as a second-line treatment for patients with high disease activity despite treatment with first-line injectables DMDs (i.e. interferons and glatiramer acetate) or with a rapidly evolving course in patients naïve to DMDs [5].
FTY confirmed its safety and efficacy also in RCTs extension studies [6–8] and in different subgroups of patients [9]. However, drugs efficacy and safety need to be assessed outside the context of RCTs, in real world less selected populations. Until now only few studies have addressed this topic [10–12]. The aim of our study was therefore to better delineate the effectiveness and safety of FTY in a real life set.
To report data of a two years, observational, intention-to-treat (ITT) study of an Italian cohort of RRMS patients, naïve to second-line agents, who started FTY according to EMA prescription rules.
All consecutive RRMS patients starting FTY in our Center from July 2011 to January 1st 2013, according to EMA criteria were included. Patients should be naïve to second-line treatments (i.e. natalizumab or FTY), while a past therapy with immunosuppressants was allowed if finished at least 12 months before.
Patients were clinically evaluated (neurological examination and EDSS score assessment) 1 month after FTY initiation, then quarterly, recording AEs and relapses if occurred. Brain MRI scans were done in our center at baseline and then performed yearly for all patients. Blood exams (complete blood count, bilirubin, AST, ALT, GGT and creatinine) were performed after 1 month, then every 3 months.
Definition of "no evidence of disease activity" (NEDA-3): no relapses, no brain MRI activity (≥1 new/enlarged T2 and/or ≥1 gadolinium-enhancing lesion) and no worsening in EDSS score of at least ≥1 point confirmed after 6 months (≥ 1.5 points if EDSS = 0; ≥ 0.5 points if EDSS ≥5.5).
An ITT analysis was performed, including patients who discontinued the treatment before the 24 months observation period. To determine whether there was a significant difference between the average values of the same variables pre and post-FTY a repeated measure ANOVA test and post-hoc Paired Sample t-test with Bonferroni correction was used. Time to first relapse and time to first evidence of disease activity (according to NEDA-3 definition) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and curves.
For the determination of predictors of disease activity (according to NEDA-3) and relapses occurrences a multivariate proportional hazards model was applied with the following variables included: gender, previous immunosuppressants use, previous DMDs type (none, IFNs, Glatiramer Acetate, both), last DMD, DMDs therapy duration (years), washout period duration between DMDs and FTY (months), MS duration (years), age at FTY initiation (years), presence/absence of activity in baseline brain MRI, EDSS score at baseline (<3 or ≥3), annualized relapse rate (ARR) in the 2 years before FTY therapy (<1 or ≥1). Hazard ratios (HR) and relative 95 % confidence intervals (CI 95 %) were calculated.
A significance level of 0.05 was used for each test. For all the analysis, Wizard statistics for MAC (version 1.7.0) was used.
This study was approved by Comitato Etico Provinciale di Varese. Consent was obtained from the patients.
Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics
Cohort (38 patients)
Gender (male/female)
Age (y), mean ± SD (range)
39.6 ± 7.3 (26–53)
Disease duration (y), mean ± SD (range)
12.0 ± 7.1 (2–31)
EDSS score, median (range)
2.0 (0–6)
Previous ARR (1y/2y before), mean ± SD
1.2 ± 0.5/0.8 ± 0.4
Previous use of ISs (yes/no)
Type of ISs (MTX/CTX)
Time from ISs suspension (y), mean ± SD (range)
7.2 ± 2.1 (4–10)
Previous use of DMDs (yes/no)
Type of DMDs (IFNs/GA/both)
DMDs therapy duration (y), mean ± SD (range)
5.3 ± 3.9 (0.6–15)
A total of 4 patients (10.5 %) discontinued the treatment because of lack of efficacy (high number of relapses/disability progression, n = 2), AEs (frequent cold and flu, n = 1) and pregnancy planning (n = 1). Mean time to treatment discontinuation was 16.4 ± 1.7 months. First-dose induced bradycardia was transient and asymptomatic for all patients. The lymphocyte count lowered during FTY treatment (<1000 cells/mm3), but remained above the safe limits (>200 cells/mm3). AEs were transient liver-enzymes elevation (×3 the upper limit of normal range) in 3 patients, transient leukopenia (total white blood cell count <2500 cells/mm3) in 3, infections in 7 (oral or genital herpes, n = 2; otitits, n = 2; flu and cold, n = 2; candidal vulvovaginitis, n = 1), palpitation in 2, dizziness in 2, headache in 1 and itchy skin in 1. In one patient a severe AE occurred (acute pyelonephritis in chronic neurologic bladder disorder, fully recovered with antibiotics).
FTY markedly reduced ARR, which was 0.32 ± 0.74 and 0.34 ± 0.71 in the first and second year, significantly lower than ARR of 1 and 2 years before (p < 0.01, see Table 1). Moreover, ARR reduction was sustained in the whole period of observation (0.38 ± 0.65), with respect to the previous 2 years (p < 0.001).
Predictors of relapses occurrence were an ARR ≥1 in the previous 2 years (p = 0.012; HR 4.7, CI 1.1–21.0) and disease duration (p = 0.014; HR 1.05, CI 1.03–1.30). Predictors of disease activity (according to NEDA-3 definition) were past use of immunosuppressants (p = 0.016; HR 8.3, CI 1.5–47.0), ARR ≥1 in the previous 2 years (p = 0.005; HR 5.4, CI 1.7–17.4) and DMDs therapy duration (p = 0.009; HR 0.98, CI 0.97–0.99).
Results of FTY therapy in this real-life experience were reassuring, showing a good safety profile. The majority of patients (90.5 %) remained on FTY treatment after 2 years. Main AEs were mild infections (18 %), liver-enzymes elevation (8 %) and leukopenia (8 %). Considering the small sample size, AEs frequency was substantially within the range of those reported in RCTs [2–4] and in extension studies [6–8], without unexpected AEs.
FTY treatment significantly reduced ARR and the benefits were sustained: after 12 and 24 months of observation 79 and 63 % of patients were relapses-free (Fig. 1). Considering a more restrictive criterion, 63 and 37 % of patients presented NEDA-3 at 12th and 24th month. Our results about disability progression and percentage of relapses-free patients are substantially in agreement with those of RCTs [2–4] and post-marketing observational studies [6–8, 10–12]. Data from a post-hoc analysis of TRANSFORMS showed that 46 % MS patients receiving FTY reached NEDA-3 status after 12 months [13]. In our cohort a higher percentage of patients were "disease-free" after 1 year: a smaller sample size, a more rigorous reading protocol of brain MRI scans and difference in definition of NEDA-3 (EDSS worsening was confirmed after 3 months in TRANSFORMS study, after 6 months in ours) could explain this difference. To our knowledge no data regarding NEDA-3 status after 2 years of FTY treatment has been reported at the time of paper submission.
A significant predictor of disease activity and relapses occurrence was an ARR ≥1 in the previous 2 years, in accordance with the trend found in a post-hoc subgroup analysis of the FREEDOM study [9]. A previous immunosuppressant therapy was also associated with further disease activity, probably because a more severe disease characterizes these patients. The other two predictors found by the multivariate models (disease duration and previous DMDs therapy duration) are statistically but probably not clinically significant, due to their low HR (1.05 and 0.98 respectively). All these findings must be taken with caution and need confirmation by prospective observational studies on larger populations.
After 2 years of FTY treatment about 40 % of our population of active RRMS patients presented no evidence of disease activity. Patients with a higher ARR at baseline or previously treated with immunosuppressants could respond less to FTY treatment. There were no unexpected adverse events. In spite of the evident limitations (mainly small sample size), observational ITT studies like ours provide useful data on the use of new medications in real life and less selected populations.
Novartis International contributed by drafting a first version of the manuscript on input from authors, and giving statistical support.
Novartis supported article-processing charges. The authors had full editorial control of the manuscript, revised it critically in full intellectual autonomy, and provided their final approval of all contents.
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Authors' Affiliations
- Cohen JA, Chun J. Mechanisms of fingolimod's efficacy and adverse effects in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2011;69:759–77.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Calabresi PA, Radue EW, Goodin D, et al. Safety and efficacy of fingolimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (FREEDOMS II): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. The Lancet Neurology. 2014;13:545–56.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Kappos L, Radue EW, O'Connor P, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:387–401.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Cohen JA, Barkhof F, Comi G, et al. Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:402–15.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- European Medicines Agency. Gilenya 0.5 mg hard capsules; summary of product characteristics. http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/medicines/002202/human_med_001433.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d124. Accessed 05 April 2015.
- Kappos L, O'Connor P, Radue EW, et al. Long-term effects of fingolimod in multiple sclerosis: The randomized FREEDOMS extension trial. Neurology. 2015;84(15):1582–91.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Khatri B, Barkhof F, Comi G, et al. Comparison of fingolimod with interferon beta-1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised extension of the TRANSFORMS study. The Lancet Neurology. 2011;10:520–9.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Cohen JA, Khatri B, Barkhof F, et al. Long-term (up to 4.5 years) treatment with fingolimod in multiple sclerosis: results from the extension of the randomised TRANSFORMS study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015;0:1–8. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2015-310597.
- Devonshire V, Havrdova E, Radue EW, et al. Relapse and disability outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod: subgroup analyses of the double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled FREEDOMS study. The Lancet Neurology. 2012;11:420–8.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Al-Hashel J, Ahmed SF, Behbehani R, Alroughani R. Real-world use of fingolimod in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: a retrospective study using the national multiple sclerosis registry in Kuwait. CNS Drugs. 2014;28:817–24.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Baldi E, Guareschi A, Vitetta F, et al. Previous treatment influences fingolimod efficacy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results from an observational study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2014;30:1849–55.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Hersh CM, Hara-Cleaver C, Rudick RA, Cohen JA, Bermel RA and Ontaneda D. Experience with fingolimod in clinical practice. Int J Neurosci. 2014;125(9):675–85. doi:10.3109/00207454.2014.969839.
- 13. Khatri B, Barkhof F, Comi G, et al. Fingolimod treatment increases the proportion of patients who are free from disease activity in multiple sclerosis compared to IFN-B1A: Results from a phase 3, active-controlled study (TRANSFORMS). 64th American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting; 2012; New Orleans (LO). Retrived from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270423169_Fingolimod_Treatment_Increases_the_Proportion_of_Patients_Who_Are_Free_from_Disease_Activity_in_Multiple_Sclerosis_Compared_to_IFN-b1a_Results_from_a_Phase_3_Active-Controlled_Study_TRANSFORMS_PD5006. Accessed 5 Apr 2015.


text:
LIVE Q&A: Ask Anything with Elana Roth Parker
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I was wondering what you think of authors who want to use pens names. And whether both the pen name and real name should be included in queries?
Do you think an author should ever have their work professionally edited or coached before submitting it to agents to pursue traditional publishing?
Hi Elana,
How would you recommend writers ask newer agents about previous book deals on the call? Especially when agents aren't listed on Publisher's Marketplace or have very few sales listed?
Thank you for your time!
What are some ways a female author can write a convincing male character POV? And how can a male author write a convincing female POV?
Besides timely and timeless, what kind of PBs are you looking for now? Please be as specific as possible.
Thank you!
Yes, I was wondering the same thing as Diane, and if you accept manuscripts without illustrations. I've got a great one about Valentine's Day and a mother's love.
Many of us who are in the query trenches, revising, or on submission, have a very romanticized idea of what it means to be a published author (despite how realistic we try to be). From past experience, is there something you wish all writer's knew before entering the publishing world? Not necessarily to temper excitement, but just to keep us from creating unrealistic expectations.
thanks for you time!
Hi Elana! Huge fan of Alexa Donne, so I figured I'd look into your representation as well. You mention that you don't like anything too gory or nightmare inducing. Could you be more specific on this topic, so I can judge if what I write would be a good fit for you?
Thank you in advance! 🙂
I'm German, live in Germany and I write all of my stories in English, set in the US or Canada. I'm worried it's going to be an issue to be published in the US as a non-citizen. What are your thoughts on this? Is this something that might scare agents off?
Thank you for taking the time to do this Q&A.
How would your ideal pitch session unfold? After saying hello and introducing themselves, do you recommend authors leading with the pitch, or the query?
If an author is offered representation and the author wants to work with that agent, should the author still take time to think about this decision?
When a book is on submission, do you typically hear back from an Editor before they take it to a team/acquisitions meeting or after? Will they say, "Hey I really love this book. I'm going to present it at our next meeting?"
Do you have a preferred format for a query letter? Metadata first or last?
Do you and your clients discuss what books they might work on next, or do they just tell you that they have a book ready to go? What happens if you don't agree on what to pursue?
If the guidelines don't forbid it, can I query another agent at the same agency after the first agent says no?
Hi Elana! When you sign a new client do you take an editorial approach with them while getting ready for sub? And would you sign someone where you love the concept but feel the story might need heavy revisions, or does that turn in r&rs or end up just being a pass?
Where do you think it's best to reveal what your character wants – in the first paragraph? What about what they really need?
Do you have any advice on first chapters?
How do you feel about illustrator notes in picture books?
Also, if you like the first pitch, how important is it to have three or more finished manuscripts ready?
Are mascot or cute characters something that's overexplored in YA or NA? Would you like to see more of them?
Hi! I was wondering if it is possible for a YA novel without any sort of romance, not even a crush, to be professionally published? And if so, what are some good ways to go about writing it so that it still stands out and is a book that will grab people's attention? Thanks!
What are the common qualities and habits in the clients you've most enjoyed working with?
If I include non-english words or sentences in my MS, do I have to translate them? Do I need to provide a glossary?
My story is about a topic a lot of authors wrote about – monsters and nightmares. How can I grasp agents interest on this topic?
If an agent has rejected a query or a full and then later requested the same manuscript in a twitter pitch contest, what's the polite way to respond, if at all?
Scheduling events for authors such as school visits, signings, readings, launch party, etc. Does the agent, author or combo of both set these events up? If the agents don't, do they pass along information to the author about upcoming events?
If I submit to an agent or a list of agents and they say no to my submission,then I submit to publishers and one of them take it, can I then go back the agents saying a publisher wants it, would the agent then reconsider taking it?
Would you ever sign a manuscript that had already been shared online (Fictionpress, Wattpad, AO3, etc)?
What is the take away when multiple agents say positive things about your pages, but then say, "but I just didn't connect enough to make an offer"? How would you encourage an author to proceed from there? Change things or just keep sending? Thanks.
Do you think mentioning a degree in screenwriting or creative writing helps or hurts in a query or agent conversation?
How is the process different for works with more than one author?
Hi! What are two or three middle grade books coming out this year that you are excited about? Thank you for taking the time to do this!
Thanks Elana, very informative.
© 2019 writeoncon.org.


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I tried using
$(date) in my bash shell script, however I want the date in YYYY-MM-DD format. How do I get this?
I tried using
In Bash:
get year-month-day from
DATE=`date +%Y-%m-%d`
get year-month-day hour:minute:second from
DATE=`date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'`
Other available date formats can be viewed from the date man pages:
man date
4In the first days of the month I get "2012-07-1" which is not what the OP asks for. – DerMike Jul 2 '12 at 9:29
6This works for me. Man page suggests that the first of the month is 01, no 1 (Ex. 2012-07-01). – Bob Kuhar Mar 19 '13 at 18:59
26DATE=$(date +%d-%m-%Y" "%H:%M:%S); What I ended up after. – JacopKane Mar 14 '15 at 4:53
5I haven't checked how widely available these shortcuts are, but in some distributions you can use
+%F %Tas a shortcut for
+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S. Just note that some filesystems (cough**HFS) will convert the
:to a
/, giving you a string like
2016-09-15 11/05/00which is mighty confusing. – beporter Sep 15 '16 at 16:07
21The preferred syntax in any POSIX-compliant shell in this millennium is
date=$(date)instead of
date=`date`. Also, don't use uppercase for your private variables; uppercase variable names are reserved for the system. – tripleee Sep 26 '16 at 5:53
$(date +%F)
8The man pages for date reads: %F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d, so this is just a more compact notation for the accepted answer. – Håvard Geithus Nov 16 '15 at 20:42
You can do something like this:
$ date +'%Y-%m-%d'
You're looking for ISO 8601 standard date format, so if you have GNU date (or any date command more modern than 1988) just do:
$(date -I)
5I have a recent (>1988) Mac OS X computer, and
date -Ididn't work. Having installed GNU coreutils using brew (which uses the prefix 'g')
gdate -Idid work. – Joel Purra Aug 23 '13 at 15:47
3Odd. I can't find the
-Ioption documented for GNU
date, although sure enough it does seem to be equivalent to
date +%F. – chepner Oct 14 '13 at 21:55
2OS X is generally a GPL v3 wasteland, so they might just not have updated date or BASH recently. – Indolering Dec 16 '13 at 20:50
date -d '1 hour ago' '+%Y-%m-%d'
The output would be
Wrong for a couple of reasons, obviously this gives the wrong date between 00:00 and 01:00, and besides you end with a
%. – Gerhard Burger Apr 18 '16 at 15:50
it's not true. should be like this sparse single quote – Beyhan Gül Jul 27 '17 at 7:38
$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)
can be used to remove colons (:) in between
With recent Bash (version ≥ 4.2), you can use the builtin
printf with the format modifier
$ printf '%(%Y-%m-%d)T\n' -1 # Get YYYY-MM-DD (-1 stands for "current time")
$ printf '%(%F)T\n' -1 # Synonym of the above
$ printf -v date '%(%F)T' -1 # Capture as var $date
printf is much faster than
date since it's a Bash builtin while
date is an external command.
As well,
printf -v date ... is faster than
date=$(printf ...) since it doesn't require forking a subshell.
1As a note in 2019, this command is incredibly faster* than
dateif you are using this from within a bash script already, as it doesn't have to load any extra libraries. (* I measured on my linux server a ~160x speed difference over 1000 iterations) – timtj May 24 at 13:11
@timtj Thanks for pointing that out! I added some notes about speed to the answer. – wjandrea May 24 at 14:35
I wish I could +5 for the comment about
printf -v datenot forking a subshell. Very good info!! – timtj May 26 at 12:47
if you want the year in a two number format such as 17 rather than 2017, do the following:
DATE=`date +%d-%m-%y`
#!/bin/bash -e
x='2018-01-18 10:00:00'
a=$(date -d "$x")
b=$(date -d "$a 10 min" "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
c=$(date -d "$b 10 min" "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
#date -d "$a 30 min" "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
echo Entered Date is $x
echo Second Date is $b
echo Third Date is $c
Here x is sample date used & then example displays both formatting of data as well as getting dates 10 mins more then current date.
Whenever I have a task like this I end up falling back to
$ man strftime
to remind myself of all the possibilities.
I use
$(date +"%Y-%m-%d") or
$(date +"%Y-%m-%d %T") with time and hours.
You can set date as environment variable and later u can use it
setenv DATE `date "+%Y-%m-%d"`
echo "----------- ${DATE} -------------"
DATE =`date "+%Y-%m-%d"`
echo "----------- ${DATE} -------------"
protected by Antti Haapala Sep 26 '16 at 6:26
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text:
polymer clay in tan
2 extra large black no-hole beads for eyes
light brown flocking
brown acrylic paint
fine-tipped paintbrush
junky paintbrush for applying glue ( I used a foam brush)
liquid sculpy
pink pastel chalk
silk ribbon
3. Attatch legs to the torso. A dot of liquid sculpy at the join helps the clay adhere.
4.After I attatched the legs, I decided I wanted my bear to be sitting instead, so I fussed around with his legs a bit. It would have been better to attatch his legs this way in the first place. I also gently bent the bottoms of the legs upwards to form feet.
6. Cut arms from the thinner clay log. Use dots of liquid sculpy to join to the bear's body where the torso begins to narrow into the neck.
7. Bake your headless bear according to package instructions.
8. Roll a ball of clay to form head.
9. Use a little liquid sculpy to attatch the unbaked clay head to the hardened clay body.
10. Gently pinch a slight snout in the front of the head. From the side, your head should look rather like an egg.
11. Press the two black beads into the clay as eyes.
12. form two tiny balls for the ears.
13. Bake acording to package instructions.
15. Allow to dry. Try not to touch the wet flocking. When glue has dried, shake or blow on bear to remove excess flocking. The last two photos show the difference between the bear just out of the flocking, and then with the excess flocking removed.
16. Repeat glue and flocking on the upper half of the bear. Don't worry if the eyes are covered with flocking, that can easily be scraped off with your fingernail when dry. Allow to dry again.
17. Repeat flocking as many times as necessary to cover bald or thin patches. I had to flock my bear three or four times to get a nice dense fur look. You can see in the photo below that I missed a spot on the shoulder. There's flocking on that lighter patch, but it isn't as dense as the rest of the bear.
18.When all flocking is dry, and the eyes have been scraped clean of flocking, use your fine paint brush and acrylic paint to add a triangular nose and mouth on your bear.Be especially careful when painting the mouth! It is very easy to make the mouth too wide! If you do make a big mistake in painting, you can sometimes cover it up with a little flocking.


text:
First thing we need to do is run updates, so login as root.
sudo apt-get update
Second step is to install apache2
sudo apt-get install apache2
Test apache2 server
To see if apache2 was successfully installed
Open web browser and type in 127.0.01
Note to view IP address and local loop back address run ifconfig
You should see Apache2 Ubuntu Default Page
"It Works!"
This maybe the best time to go over with you stopping, reload, and starting apache2 server.
To start, reload or stop apache2 server.
There are couple different methods to doing this. I like and want my students to use;
sudo service apache2 stop
sudo service apache2 start
sudo service apache2 reload
Note this is different for other OS so you should look up those methods that work for you Linux OS.
Third Step is to install MySQL Server
sudo apt-get install mysql-server
Now run this mysql_secure_installation which is a program step to create root password and remove or keep the test database.
It will ask you for your root password. THEN ask you to set a root password into MYSQL! SAYING N to keep the current root password or Y to change the password. I recommend that my students take No.
Next question is to Remove anonymous users? I always select Yes.
Next question is to Disallow root login remotely? For class, NO.
However, in working environment this maybe yes or no, you need to confirm with your company IT Directors or Admin.
Remove test database and access to it? (Again, for my students in my class let's remove the mark this one as YES.)
Next question Reload privilege tables now? Here we want to say YES.
Note the message reads, Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately.
After taking Yes you should see a message for …Success! Follow up by Cleaning up….
Forth Step install PHP
sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5
By default, the web site directory path is /var/www/html
With that in mind, create and save info.php to html
To do this open and create new document
Note to create this you can use Web Editor such as Bluefish or use vi editor
vi /var/www/html/info.php
Remember to save it to the html directory as info.php (not info.php.php)
Now to test it and see if PHP is working
Go to http://yourserveripaddress/info.php
This is what you should see:
What if it fails to work!
You may be getting a message that you don't have permission to the directory var/www
You can see the permission of /var/www has, by this command ls -l /var/www. You will see like this (this only for example): (That's Lower Case L not 1.)
Again, If there is a permission issue when trying to view the info.php complete the following:
Run ls -l /var/www to view who currently has rights to that directory.
To add yourself as having rights to that directory do the following:
sudo adduser yourusername www-data
After you completed this task you need to give yourself "R" rights permission and ownership to your name.
sudo chown yourusername:www-data -R /var/www
How to install Bluefish Web Editor Ubuntu 14.04
Related link: https://cit101blog.wordpress.com/2018/05/25/cannot-get-the-php-to-display-using-wamp/


text:
Tipperary Minor Hurling team to play Cork in Munster MHC S/f Replay Wed July 1st
The Tipperary Minor Hurling to play Cork in the Munster Minor Hurling semi-final replay in Semple Stadium on Wednesday evening shows 2 changes from the team which started the drawn game. John Meagher replaces Pa Ryan at corner back and Padraig Heffernan replaces Thomas Butler at centre forward.
1. Paul Ryan (Upperchurch-Drombane)
2. Andrew Ryan (Toomevara)
3. Liam Butler (Moyne-Templetuohy) Captain
4. John Meagher (Loughmore Castleiney)
5. Willie Ryan (Clonakenny)
6. Denis Maher (Thurles Sarsfields)
7. Alan Hogan (Shannon Rovers)
8. Adrian Cleere (Ballingarry)
9. Brian Stapleton (Templederry Kenyons)
10. Sean Curran (Mullinahone)
11. Padraig Heffernan (Clonoulty Rossmore)
12. John O'Dwyer (Killenaule)
13. David Collins (Drom & Inch)
14. Ruairi Gleeson (Kildangan)
15. Eanna Murray (Templederry Kenyons)


text:
Lodges at Cresthaven
3210 Lake Shore Drive, Lake George, New York, 12845
The *Lodges at Cresthaven* is located on Lake George. Each unit has two bedrooms, two baths, a fully equipped kitchen, central heat and air, three televisions, gas fireplace, washer, and dryer. Property highlights include a 300-foot sandy beach and protected swimming area, rowboats and kayaks, heated indoor/outdoor swimming pool and kiddie pool, video game room, fitness center, volleyball/badminton courts, and restaurant and bar. Picnic tables and a grill are also available. The resort is just a few minutes' drive from a golf course and tennis courts.


text:
- Poster presentation
- Open Access
Effects of a pre- and post-exercise whey protein supplement on recovery from an acute resistance training session
© Hoffman et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2008
- Published: 17 September 2008
- Whey Protein
- Resistance Exercise Training
- Squat Exercise
- Resistance Training Session
- Exercise Training Session
The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of pre- and post-exercise whey protein ingestion on recovery from an acute resistance training session.
Fifteen male strength/power athletes volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were randomly divided into a supplement (S; n = 7, 19.7 ± 1.5 y, 185.4 ± 3.9 cm, 96.4 ± 11.9 kg) or a placebo (P; n = 8, 20.0 ± 1.1 y, 176.7 ± 8.5 cm, 85.8 ± 12.0 kg) group. Subjects reported to the Human Performance Laboratory (HPL) on four separate occasions. On the first visit subjects were tested for maximal strength (1-RM) on the squat exercise. On their second visit (T2) subjects performed a lower body resistance exercise training session that consisted of four sets of the squat, dead lift and barbell lunge exercises. The rest interval between each set was 90 seconds. Each set was performed with 80% of the subject's previously measured 1-RM. Subjects were required to perform no more than 10 repetitions for each set. The supplement (42 g of whey protein; marketed as New Whey Liquid Protein by IDS Sports, Oviedo, FL) or placebo (maltodextrin) was consumed 10 min prior to the exercise session and 15 min following the workout. Subjects then reported back to the HPL 24-(T3) and 48-hours (T4) post-exercise. During these visits subjects performed four sets of the squat exercise, using the same loading pattern and rest interval. Similar to T2, subjects consumed either the supplement or placebo before and 15 min following the exercise session. Lower body power during each squat protocol was measured with a Tendo™ Power Output unit, which consists of a transducer attached to the end of the barbell measuring linear displacement and time. Both peak and mean power was recorded for each repetition.
No difference was seen in the 1-RM between S (153.6 ± 23.0 kg) and P (152.8 ± 22.2 kg), and no differences were seen between the groups in the number of repetitions performed in the squat exercise during T2 (33.3 ± 6.0 and 33.8 ± 7.4, respectively). During T3, subjects in P performed 9.5 ± 5.5 repetitions less than on T2, whereas subjects in S performed 3.3 ± 3.6 repetitions less than on T2. This difference was significant (p < 0.05). During T4, subjects in P performed 10.5 ± 8.2 repetitions less than on T2, whereas subjects in S performed 2.3 ± 2.9 repetitions less than on T2. This difference was significant (p < 0.05) as well. A trend (p = 0.09) in Δ mean power was seen between T2 and T3 between S (-47.7 ± 67.2 W) and P (-126.3 ± 167.1 W).
The results of this study indicate that subjects that consume a whey protein supplement before and after a resistance training session have a significantly greater improvement in exercise recovery 24- and 48-hours post-exercise than subjects ingesting a placebo.
Study was supported by IDS Sports.
Authors' Affiliations
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd.


text:
House Dillon
Posts Tagged electronics
My new Chinese laser cutter!
Posted by hpux735 in Laser Cutter, Projects, Tools on January 10, 2015
For my birthday, my entire family chipped-in and gave me most of the money to buy a (relatively) cheap laser cutter directly from China. I had seen several Hack-a-day articles about these machines, and I've got experience with 3D printers, so I thought it was something that I could handle. Boy, did I have a lot to learn.
To begin with, I looked around on eBay and Alibaba. I noticed that 90% of the ~$1000 units are almost identical. There are occasional small differences such as pointing laser, whether it has a spring loaded "work clamp," whether it has a raising-lowering bed, etc. I found one that claimed to have a larger bed than any other that I'd seen (mistake #1). I don't know why I accepted that a machine that looked like every other machine out there would have magically increased the work size, but I did, and it doesn't.
Because I was mentally set on this machine, I was willing to accept the shenanigans of the seller (mistake #2). The trouble began when their "free shipping to the USA" became $200. I thought "That's kinda annoying, but not the end of the world." The shipping charge was on par with other vendors. The next problem became that the $200 shipping was by boat, and F.O.B. (Mistake #3). Alibaba doesn't support shipping by boat, and at this point the vendor and I agreed to leave the relative safety of Alibaba (Mistake #4). I requested a refund of my Escrow and it was granted.
A quick note about how Alibaba works, for the uninitiated. Alibaba is a marketplace, like eBay. Unlike eBay, however, Alibaba provides some additional protections to the buyer, and less so, the seller. When you purchase something from a vendor and make a payment you pay Alibaba directly, and that money is put into an Escrow account for the transaction. At this point, the Seller is assured that the money is there and they are guaranteed payment if they hold up their end of the deal. The seller, then, ships the product with an Alibaba approved carrier (like DHL, EMS, etc.). When the buyer receives the product and decides that it was accurately represented and meets expectation the seller is paid and the escrow is closed.
If you decide to leave Alibaba, it's the wild, wild … east? The vendor really wanted to be paid by a wire transfer, which is the system that you see in spy movies. Bank account number, routing number, etc. The thing about a wire transfer is that there are NO protections. That money is gone, forever. If the vendor is feeling generous they may give it back if there's a problem, but there are no systems in place for you to dispute it. There was no way I was going to go for that. I got them to agree to accept PayPal, which for all their faults does provide some buyer protections. Paypal makes their money by levying a surcharge on business transactions; the only way I got the vendor to agree to this was by paying the surcharge myself. In my mind, it was a worthwhile investment in insurance.
Ok, at this point I've paid the vendor and they've sent me vague information about when the ship will be leaving the Qingdao port. Then, one day I get an email from them about filing an ISF (10+2) form. I had no idea what this was, and I literally called the Port of Portland to ask them. They basically laughed at me. Apparently, the ISF is a form for a system that was introduced after the Sept. 11 collective mindless panic. Someone had the thought along the lines of "zomg, someone could put a bomb in a shipping container and blow up an entire city!" So, of course the government intervened and invented yet another complicated, expensive, process that can only really be done by a customs broker.
Now I need to find a customs broker. Off to Google… Whelp, no one has a ratings site for customs brokers. All my usual methods for deciding on a service provider fail. I find myself at the port of portland website and staring at a list of what seems like a hundred brokers. I literally choose one at random (mistake #5). I call their number and someone assures me that I've got plenty of time to file (Did I mention that you have to file the form three days before the ship leaves the last foreign port, and that failure to comply can be a $5000 fine?). I never hear from him again. Two days later I get a call at 3:00am from China. They're calling to yell at me about the fact that my form hasn't been filed and that I needed to do it right now. I calmly (lucky for them, my 1-year old wasn't woken) explain to them that no one is awake or willing to take my calls at 3:00am. I'm not happy. The next morning I googled for "Customs broker portland oregon." I choose the first link. My thinking is that google's magic algorithms must know something more than random guessing. The new company is fast, responsive, and mostly a pleasure to work with.
Importing something substantial (I'm not sure what makes something substantial, but stay with me) is an expensive affair. The ISF form costs $35 to file. Great. Wait, I also have to become a customer of the brokerage company, $50. I need to have an ISF bond, $100. Don't forget the customs bond premium, $45. Someone needs to enter the customs yard, $125. I haven't even mentioned duty yet (this is what most people think of when importing), $26.50. By the way, any device that "emits radiation" has to be FDA accepted (they mean all radiation. Yes, I know that LEDs emit radiation, so do radios, you get my point), that's another $35. So far were looking at about $400 in addition to my $200 shipping. Awesome.
You can see in the image above that the boat is going to Long Beach, California. Cool. I don't live in California. The whole time I've been talking to them I've said Port of Portland perhaps a dozen times. I'm panicking a little. About two days before the boat is set to arrive in Long Beach, I get a call from a company at the Port of Long Beach. They were wondering when I would pay their fees. What? I wasn't aware I had contracted with anyone at the Port of Long Beach. They had asked me about who my customs broker was. It seemed like this was the kind of thing that they could bill my customs broker for, and I had them do that. These guys charged another $160 of fees, including my favorite, the "Clean truck fee."
Now, at this time (October 2014, and persisting now, into January 2015) there is a major bottleneck at the Port of Long Beach. My delivery was delayed a bit over a week because of this.
I was curious how I could get a shipment delivered to Long Beach, and have it go through customs in Portland. Apparently, it's possible to move merchandise across the country that has not gone through customs. It just has to go to customs before it goes to the customer. That seems strange to me.
Anyway, the truck eventually got my package to Portland, and I drove up one day to get it (I had 2 days before I'd start getting charged warehouse fees). They put it on a forklift and surprisingly gracefully placed it in the back of my 4-runner.
All told, the cost for the machine was $700 + $200 shipping + $667 in customs fees. I feel a bit nauseous typing that out. Even more so when I add them and have to say that it was $1567 in total. Though, when I remember how much a decent laptop costs, I feel a little better. 🙂
The rest of my laser-cutter adventures were documented in video. Please enjoy the YouTube playlist below:
Laser water cooling, part 1: Peltier element theory
Posted by hpux735 in Electronics Projects, Projects on September 8, 2014
I just ordered a laser engraver/cutter from China. While I wait for the slow boat to come into port, I thought it would be a good idea to start preparing the infrastructure. These products don't include any hardware for the required water-cooling, other than a submersible pump. Most people just say "just have a few gallons of water circulating, and you'll be fine." I say "if it's worth doing, it's worth overdoing."
In the spirit of overdoing it, I remembered that I had a peltier element-cooled fridge in my lab for a while, and that the parts were still kicking around somewhere. Peltier coolers are really neat. They can use an electrical current to drive a difference in temperatures on the opposite plates. I found an interesting page with a simplified model for calculating their performance across a range of conditions. It's interesting to note that you can't just drive it harder to move more heat. Because the modules are consuming energy themselves, self-heating can (and often does) overwhelm the coolers ability to move heat. After spending a couple days understanding the models, I discovered an error in the page, so I'm going to re-post corrected equations.
This equation computes the temperature of the "cold side" of the cooler. The model depends on several variables:
I = Drive current (Amps)
Rp = Cooler resistance from the data sheet (Ohms)
Q1 = Thermal load that we're trying to cool (Watts)
C1 = Thermal conductivity from load to ambient (Watts/°C)
Cp = Thermal conductivity through the peltier (Qmax/ΔTmax) from the data sheet
Ch = Thermal conductivity of the heatsink on the hot side (Watts/°C)
T1 = Temperature of the object being cooled (°C)
T3 = Temperature of the ambient environment (°C)
I'm going to ignore P. For now, it suffices to say that it's a constant that models the peltier junction's performance. (Watts/Amp)
The article that I got this model from doesn't really explain the terms at all, so I'm going to try to interpret the pieces of it. First of all, the T3 term references the entire model to ambient. If you used something else as a counterpoise, I'll call it, to the peltier you could remove this term and model it.
The middle term models the heat flow out of the hot-side heatsink. The numerators of this term are the thermal load (Q1) and the self-heating from the peltier cooler's current (see Ohm's law for the inspiration of this). The entire term is divided by the thermal conductivity of the heatsink, Ch. Thermal conductivity is a very useful specification, as it tells us the °C across the device per Watt. In the case of a heatsink, that is referenced to ambient.
The first term models the heat flow from the load through the peltier. Again, there is the Q1 term, as we have to get the thermal load through the device. Second, we have half of the peltier's self-heating. My assumption is that only half of the peltier's self-heating has to travel all the way through the device. Finally, the -P*I term models the active cooling (the point of this whole thing). These are all divided by the combination of the thermal conductivity of the load-peltier junction and the peltier's internal thermal conductivity.
The upshot of this, is that we can model the performance of our system built around a given peltier junction given load, heatsink performance, and ambient temperature.
Now, let's talk about P. We can derive P entirely from information commonly found in peltier junction datasheets. There really isn't much more to say about this, just plug in the values…
Now, let's make all of this a little less abstract… The image above is the module that I've salvaged. It's easy enough to lookup the model number and get the data sheet.
Using the specification table, directly from the data sheet, we can calculate P to be 14.47 (for 25°C). For now, let's also choose some values for the other parameters. Let's say we want to cool a load that is producing 10 Watts, with a rather poor heat sink that has .2 Watt per °C of conductivity (would be listed as 5 °C per Watt as resistance).
If we graph T1 versus drive current, I, we can see that the optimal current from the cooler is 0.8 Amps (red line). Unfortunately, if we compare it to Q1/Ch (which would happen if we just put a heatsink on the load) it's almost 6 °C hotter than without the peltier cooler… boo. The laser is estimated to produce about 200 Watts (20 times more than the 10 Watt example) of heat. The problem, ultimately, is that the hot-side heatsink matters. A lot.
Now, what happens if we find a much better heatsink? They're expensive, but you can find .1 °C per Watt heatsinks on Digi-key. This would be 10 Watts per °C in terms of conductivity. With the better heatsink, the cold side is down to -17 °C! The heat sink is more than able to shunt the heat from the load and the cooler.
All that is obviously super-awesome, but what if we want to calculate what the ideal drive current is for a peltier cooler? The Itec equation, above, will give us this information. We still need the P and Rp terms from the data sheet, and the thermal conductivity of the peltier and the heatsink. But, you'll notice that thermal load and the ambient temperature are not factors in the equation. Therefore, the ideal drive current (and, therefore maximum temperature drop) are not affected by those factors.
I hope this has been at least somewhat interesting. Stay tuned for part two, where I investigate whether it's really feasible (practically and economically) to move over 200 Watts with peltier elements. Also, I'm planning some research into how to characterize the efficiency of radiators in liquid cooling setups. If you have any insight, please leave it in the comments. Also, I started to write a mac application to model peltier cooler systems. I probably won't finish it unless it seems like something people would want. Leave messages in the comments if you would pay a few dollars for something like that.
BladeRF first impressions
I recently got a pair of the Nuand BladeRF SDR transceivers, and I've got about a days worth of experience with them. Of course, first thing's first, I had to print the BladeRF Coaster by Piranha32. This is especially so because there are a few large tantalum-looking capacitors on the bottom. Before I had this printed, I used some small machine screws with bolts and made a quick set of standoffs. The package came with a nice blue USB3 cable and a pair of SMA jumpers; I assume these would go to their transverter, which I don't have, but they're nice to have anyway. There aren't any instructions in the box, but for a product like this the assumption is that the user knows what they're getting and how to use it. This is a reasonable assumption, and I had no problem finding all the relevant documentation.
I'm an ardent mac user, and this sometimes poses a problem while using specialized hardware and applications. It wasn't until the last few months that the recent versions of GNURadio worked through MacPorts. Luckily it does now, as does all the BladeRF software. Going from nothing to a working software environment took minutes. One thing that you have to make sure and do it download the most recent FPGA code, as you'll have to re-load it every time you boot the BladeRF.
All software defined radios have an Achilles' heel. If the DC offset of the I and Q baseband signals isn't minimized a constant "tone" at zero Hz will be up-converted to whatever frequency the final spectrum is. Also, if the relative magnitude and phase of I and Q aren't matched (and precisely 90 degrees) there will be a image of the desired signal mirrored across the up-converter frequency. The BladeRF wiki has a short article that shows how to measure the correction factors to use to minimize these effects. This article documents my attempt of deriving the correction factors for one of the two boards.
To start, I tuned the board to 450MHz. Then, I decided that a 100KHz sine would be appropriate as a baseband tone. What happens is that, in software, the 100KHz tone is generated, then it is up-converted to 450.1MHz. The spectrum below is the result of that test without any corrections applied. The spur resulting from the DC error is about 25dB down from the desired carrier, and the image is closer to 35dB down. It's not really that great.
Playing around with the values according to the instructions, I was able to improve these results quite a bit. The DC error is now 58dB down from the carrier (ignore the marker table) and the image is almost 63dB down. This is pretty respectable. Now, there is another troubling question. What's up with the spikes in the phase noise?
I asked on the #bladerf room on freenode, and they agree that it's not normal. The spikes are exactly 7.8 KHz apart, so I would start looking for things that happen at that frequency. I wish I had measured how distant the largest one was from the carrier and zero. That could have been good to know.
Oh, wait, I did :). The main tone is 63KHz away from the main carrier and 37KHz away from zero. There was some speculation that it could be artifacts from the quantization of the software-generated sine wave or that the tuning algorithm could be at fault. For fun, I ran the same test without generating any sine wave at all, so all you're seeing is a large zero tone from a constant DC offset. I do think that the quantization explanation makes sense because that would manifest as phase noise, and the spikes are centered about the modulated tone, rather than the zero-spur.
The same artifacts should still appear there if there was any kind of a problem with the power supplies of the board, for example. It seems very clean, and I'm happy with the phase noise performance of the board. You're probably seeing the phase noise of the rigol in this plot rather than the BladeRF.
In all, so far, I'm very happy this these. I'm very excited about their potential.
Skyworks 65116 update
Posted by hpux735 in Electronics Projects, HAM Radio, Projects, Tools on January 9, 2014
It has been a while since I played with the Sky65116 amplifier boards that I built and wrote about. Since getting my own spectrum analyzer, I'm now able to make much better absolute measurements. The DSA-815-TG analyzer is specified as having 1dB of uncertainly across the span, and the SA that I have at work is essentially uncalibrated.
Not only do I now know that the absolute power out of the video transmitter at the fundamental frequency is about 5.5dBm, I can also see the first and second harmonics. I don't know why I didn't see them with the other analyzer, but they are disturbingly large. I believe the FCC requirement is that these harmonics should be more than 40dB below the fundamental. By this criterion, the transmitter should not even be sold in the US.
The SKY65116 amplifier has close to 36dB of gain, and a 1dB compression point of 32.5dB. The 1dB compression point is specified as the output power level at which the gain is reduced by 1dB. The easiest way to show this is with the graph from the Sky65116 data sheet, shown below. You can see that as the output power begins to approach 32dB gain drops quickly. The goal is to not force the amplifier to operate in this region. If you do, you're likely introduce harmonic distortion and other nasty nonlinear effects (i.e. intermodulation products).
So, knowing that the output is +5.5dBm, and we want about +30dBm out of an amplifier with a gain of 36dB, we need to introduce 11.5dB of attenuation (30dBm – 36dB – 5.5dBm = -11.5dB) between the transmitter and the amplifier, at a minimum. It's easy to make 14dB attenuators with standard value resistors (4×150 ohm and 1×120). I've been playing around with QUCS a lot lately, so I've provided a model for the attenuator. It's just about the most boring S-parameter model you'll ever see… Perfectly flat response at -14dB, but that's what we're after.
A while back, I had a bunch of these simple 5-pole filter PCBs made up. I just left them blank until I needed them, and I made two of them into 14dB attenuators using the circuit above. I had two extra poles, so I filled one with a 0 ohm resistor and the other with a 1uF DC-blocking capacitor. The capacitor reduces the low frequency performance, but only less than about 1.5MHz. It's worthy the trade-off in my mind.
I went ahead and covered one of the attenuators with copper sheet just to make it more of a completed package. I'm sure I'll need to use it many times in the future. I left the other open so I could unsolder it and make it something else if needed. An interesting thing happened when I installed the cover. The small ripple in the attenuation (around 500 MHz, see below) occurred only after I installed the cover. I assume this is due to parasitic capacitance between the components and the copper covering. It's still only about 1dB of ripple, so I'm satisfied with it.
Anyway, back to the amplifier. I've now got about -8.5dBm going into the amp ( +5.5dBm – 14dB), so with its 36dB of gain, I should expect to see +27.5dBm out of the amp. That's getting very close to the maximum input power on my SA (+30dBm). It's always better to be safe with these things, so I used the other 14dB attenuator between the amp and the SA. Now, I should expect to see +13.5dBm on the input. I maxed-out the input attenuation on the analyzer (another 30dB) and gave it a shot. Note that the internal attenuation is calibrated out of what's shown on the display, and I told the SA about the other 14dB of attenuation, so the power values shown on the display are referencing the amplifier's output.
In the above image, you can see that we're getting 27.5dBm out of the amplifier! I love it when a plan comes together! This is the value I calculated, right on the nose. I promise that I didn't work the math backward! 🙂 Again, it's so painfully obvious that the transmitter is AM, rather than the VSB signal that it should be.
Now, just for fun, let's dive back into the video signal coming out of the transmitter. In the image above, I've put some markers on the various carriers present in the signal. The luma carrier is in the center at 433.85MHz, which is where we expect it to be. Marker 2 is at 437.45MHz, which is 3.6 (let's call it 3.57) MHz away, matching exactly where the chroma carrier is supposed to be. There's no audio carrier, which isn't a surprise because there's no audio, though I wouldn't be surprised to see the carrier. Marker 3 is 19 MHz away; I have no idea what this is or why it's there. It's not supposed to be. Same with marker 4. Oh, well… that's what you get with a shitty transmitter.
Now, what about those pesky harmonics? The Sky65116 is a 390-500 MHz amplifier, so my hope is that the reduced gain by the first harmonic will attenuate the harmonics enough to bring them into compliance. The graph above is the gain v. frequency graph from the data sheet. It's neither encouraging nor discouraging. It's difficult to infer what's going to happen at 800 MHz when the graph stops at 500 MHz. In the image below, it appears that I lucked out. The first harmonic is 42dB down from the fundamental. If I were selling a product, there's no way I would send this out for compliance testing. It would just be too risky, I'm not that confident in my measurements. By my math, it would cost less than $2 in parts (single unit quantities) to make a decent low pass filter. That's the right thing to do. When I modeled it (in QUCS, again), I calculated that the harmonics would be within compliance even without the rolloff of the amplifier. With the rolloff, the harmonics would be well below the noise floor.
I've had a ton of fun redoing this experiment with my new spectrum analyzer. I'm going to write lots more about the analyzer in the future, and I'm really looking forward to it. Coming soon is an exploration of the skyworks low noise amplifiers. Between these two products, I expect to have a solid video link over 1000 feet or so.


text:
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Hello. I'm Jim Paulson. If you are interested I have a new website at http://www.blackswampwindsors.com which was previously http://www.chairsbypaulson.com.
I've been doing woodworking since I was three years old. As a youngster I developed a love for woodworking by watching my father build things around the house using hand tools. Dad was good at carpentry and remodeling, and also boat building. I got interested in furniture making when I was in Junior High and High School. By the time I finished college in 1981, Roy Underhill was on PBS with The Woodwright's Shop and I soon developed a passion for using antique tools. By 1984, I also became a woodcarver. In the 90's, I learned Scandinavian folk figure carving from Harley Refsal and I was trained in chip carving by Wayne Barton, an internationally known chip carver.
Along the way, I have built a number of shaker furniture pieces, pine country furniture, and Windsor chairs. I have in some cases incorporated chip carving to make a piece individualistic. It might be carved panels on a hutch or a carved lid on a tool chest. Those are just a couple examples. One of my carvings, a triptych, a rendition of Albrecht Durer's woodcut entitled "The Trinity," is on display in the chapel of Good Samaritan Hospital in Downers Grove, Il. Bottomline, woodworking for me is God given calling. I thank God for the people who have given me woodworking skills, especially Mike Dunbar and the staff at The Windsor Institute.