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Apache Infrastructure Team
Apache CMS: latest new feature is SPEED!
Over the past few months the Apache CMS has seen lots of new improvements, all under the general theme of making the system more performant. Supporting very large sites like the Apache OpenOffice User Site with almost 10 GB of content has presented new challenges, met largely with the introduction of zfs clones for generating per-user server-side working copies, changing what was an O(N) rsync job to an O(1) operation. We've also moved the update processing out-of-band to further cut down on the time it takes for the bookmarklet to produce a page, eliminating all O(N) algorithms from the process.
More recent work focuses on the merge-based publication process, which for large changesets took a considerable amount of time to process. That too has been recoded based on svnmucc and is now another O(1) operation- essentially a perfect copy of staging with a few adjustments for "external" paths.
Combine that with the activity around parallelizing the build system and you have a completely different performance profile compared to the way the system worked in 2011. In short, if you haven't tried the CMS lately, and were a bit offput by the page rendering times or build speeds, have another look!
Next up: describing the work done around external build support, focusing first on maven based sites.
Posted at 02:23AM Feb 26, 2012 by joes in General | Comments [1] |
translate service now open!
A few projects have requested it, now it is here! Check out https://translate.apache.org and get your project added.
See also https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/INFRA/translate+pootle+service+auth+levels for more information - you will see that general public non-logged in users can submit translate requests whilst any logged in user (i.e. - committers) can process those submissions.
Enjoy! - Any queries to the infra team please or file a INFRA Jira ticket.
Posted at 08:30PM Dec 11, 2011 by administrator in General | |
PEAR package hosting available
Any projects in the position of being able to release via PEAR packages can now do so hosted officially on ASF servers.
http://pear.apache.org is now up and running and ready to serve!
Posted at 05:32AM Apr 15, 2011 by administrator in General | |
Welcome new members of the infra team
Well, some are not exactly new faces, but since our last blog update of new infra members in 2009 , we have conned with promises of fame, fortune and beer the following new additions to the infra team:
- Chris Rhodes: (arreyder)
- Brian Fox: (brianf)
- Matt Benson: (mbenson)
- David Blevins: (dblevins)
- Rudiger Pluem: (rpluem)
- Noirin Plunkett: (noirin)
- Ulrich Stärk: (uli)
- Daniel Shahaf: (danielsh)
- Paul Davis: (davisp)
Infra work is not your normal volunteer work, and it is greatly appreciated when any of these folks get to help.
Posted at 10:09AM Mar 22, 2011 by administrator in General | |
Changes to email service for all committers
In the near future the Infrastructure team will be implementing a change to the way we handle emails for all committers.
Historically we have allowed users to choose how to handle their apache.org email. However we will be making the following changes:
- Making LDAP authoritative for all mail forwarding addresses.
- Users will no longer be allowed to store their apache.org email locally on people.apache.org (minotaur)
- The Infra team will take the mail address currently held in either your .qmail or .forward file (.qmail is authoritative if they both exist) and inject this into LDAP
- We will no longer allow users to configure mail filtering, but you can configure your SpamAssassin threshold as per our recent blog post.
- We will make committers ~/.forward and ~/.qmail files read-only, there will still be at least one of these files, but it will be owned by the mail daemon user.
This means that all committers will be required to forward their apache.org email to an email address outside of the foundation.
We are doing this to simplify the email infrastructure, and to help reduce the current level of complexity of maintaining people.apache.org. Also, making LDAP authoritative means we can move some of the work straight out to the MXs, and thus avoid sending it through several mail servers. In the new architecture if someone emails you directly at your apache.org mail address it will only be handled by one apache.org MX.
Of course, we wont delete any email you currently have on people.apache.org. Should you want to edit your LDAP record you should use https://id.apache.org to do this.
Posted at 09:13PM Feb 24, 2011 by pctony in General | Comments [2] |
Controlling your SpamAssassin threshold
The Infrastructure Team has just enabled a new feature to control your SpamAssassin Threshold for your apache.org account. The default score for user delivery has always remained at 10, but with this new feature you can lower that score to anything you want. Many people with older accounts will probably prefer a lower score, like 5, which is the default for all apache mailing lists.
To lower your score login to id.apache.org and change your 'SpamAssassin Threshold (asf-sascore)' attribute to your desired level. Don't forget to supply the form with your LDAP password.
Posted at 03:37PM Jan 27, 2011 by joes in General | Comments [3] |
https://id.apache.org -- New Password Service
The infrastructure team are pleased to announce the availability of id.apache.org the new password management tool for all ASF committers and members. This new service will allow users to:
- Reset forgotten LDAP passwords themselves, no need to contact the Infra team anymore.
- The ability to change their LDAP password.
- The ability to update your LDAP record, i.e. change forename, surname or mail attributes. [1].
Once logged in you will note that some fields are not editable, this is by design and are there merely to show you your LDAP entry. You are currently only allowed to edit your Surname, Given name (Forename), and Mail attributes. This list may be extended as we make more features available, and they will be announced as and when.
Users of this service should note that we have a few small bugs to iron out, and this will be done as soon as possible. For example if you attempt to modify your details and do no re-enter your password you will currently see a generic HTTP 500 error.
Thanks must go to Ian Boston (ieb), and Daniel Shahaf (danielsh) for making this work. Ian provided the initial code (his first ever attempt at Python too). Daniel then took it and implemented several changes and generally improved the backend.
[1] - It should be noted that updating your mail record in LDAP will not currently have any affect on where your apache.org email is forwarded on too. This is planned to take place later this year.
Posted at 04:36PM Jan 14, 2011 by pctony in Development | |
LDAP and password policy
As of approximately 03:00 (UTC) today the infrastructure team have enabled a password policy for all LDAP accounts.
This policy has been implemented at the LDAP infrastructure level and will affect all users. It has been deployed using OpenLDAP's password policy schema, and overlay.
At the time of launch we will be enforcing the following policy.
- At the time of a given users 10th successive login failure the account will be locked.
- The account will then be automatically unlocked 24 hours later, or until a member of root@ unlocks it for you.
- If the user successfully completes a login before the tally reaches 10, the counter for failed logins is reset back to 0.
We are enabling this to try and prevent any brute force attempt at guessing passwords. It will also highlight potential issues with accounts.
As with all account related queries, you should be contacting root@ - We will be able to unlock your account for you, allowing you to gain access.
Posted at 06:38AM Dec 17, 2010 by pctony in Development | |
The ASF CMS
Over the past 3 months, the Infrastructure Team has developed and deployed a custom CMS for Apache projects to use to manage their websites. There is a document available which explains the rationale, role, and future plans for the CMS. We have opened up the ACLs for the www.apache.org site for all committers to now be able to edit content on the site using the cms (while still restricting live publication to the Apache membership and the Infrastructure Team).
Your commit will trigger buildbot to build a staging version of your changes. You can follow the build while it is ongoing, and once it has completed you can click on the [Staged] link to see the results. Members and Infrastructure Team members can continue on and publish those changes once they are satisfied with them. Other committers may need to send a note to the site-dev@ mailing list to request publication of their changes.
The publication links in the CMS are essentially merge + commit operations in subversion which are tied into the live site via svnpubsub. That means publishing in the CMS is virtually instantaneous.
The CMS is now open to all top-level and incubating projects. Interested projects should contact the infrastructure@ mailing list or simply file an INFRA ticket against the CMS component. Early adopters are encouraged to collaborate on the wiki page for working out usage and adoption issues.
Posted at 04:25AM Dec 02, 2010 by joes in General | |
ReviewBoard instance running at the ASF
We know we have projects that use reviewboard externally to the ASF, we also have some projects using codereview.appspot.com and we also have some projects using Fisheye/Clover externally. Well, due to popular request, we now have an internal ReviewBoard running on https://reviews.apache.org !! So, sign up for an account, request that your projects repository be added (file an INFRA issue) and get collaborating! Questions or comments please raise them on the infrastructure-dev list as reviews.apache.org is in early stages it may need tweaking.
Posted at 03:25AM Oct 26, 2010 by administrator in General | Comments [1] |
1 million commits and still going strong.
Yesterday, the main ASF SVN code repository passed the 1 million commit mark. Shortly thereafter one of the ASF members enquired as to how he could best grab the svn log entries for all of these commits. As always there were a bunch of useful replies, but they were all set to take quite some time; mainly because if anyone just simply runs
svn log http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf -r1:1000000
It will not only take several hours, it will also cause high levels of load on one of the two geo-balanced SVN servers. Also, requesting that many log entries will likely result in your IP address being banned.
So I decided to create the log set locally on one of the SVN servers. This is now available for download [http://s.apache.org/1m-svnlog] [md5]
This is a 50Mb tar/gz file. It will uncompress to about 240Mb. The log 'only' contains the log entries from 1 -> 1,000,000 - if you want the rest you can run:
svn log http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf -r1000001:HEAD
This will give you all the log entries from 1M+1 to current
Posted at 11:55AM Sep 23, 2010 by pctony in Status | |
new hardware for apache.org
This weekend we rolled out a new server, a Dell Power Edge R410, named Eos, to host the Apache.org websites and MoinMoin wiki:
- OS: FreeBSD 8.1-RC2
- CPU: 2x Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU X5550 @ 2.67GHz (2 package(s) x 4 core(s) x 2 SMT threads = 16 CPUs)
- RAM: 48gb DDR3
- Storage: 12x 15k RPM 300gb SAS, 2x 80gb SSD, configured in a ZFS raidz2 with the SSDs used for the L2ARC
This new hardware replaces an older Sun T2000, also called eos, as the primary webserver for apache.org. We hope everyone enjoys the increased performance, especially from the Wiki!
On the less visible infrastructure side, we are also upgrading Athena, one of our frontend mail servers. The new Athena is a DPE r210 with a 4 core 2.67GHz processor, replacing a Sun X2200.
Posted at 04:01AM Jul 19, 2010 by pquerna in General | |
s.apache.org - uri shortening service
Today we've brought s.apache.org online. It's a url shortening service that's limited to Apache committers- the people who write all that Apache software! One of the main reasons we're providing this service is to allow committers to use shortened links whose provenance is known to be a trusted source, which is a big improvement over the generic shorteners out there in the wild. It is also meant to provide permanent links suitable for inclusion in board reports, or more generally email sent to our mailing lists - which will be archived, either publically or privately, for as long as Apache is around.
The service is easy to use, and being from Apache the source code for the service is readily available. The primary author of the code is Ulrich Stärk (uli). Some of the more interesting features you can pick up from the source is the ability to "display" a link before doing a redirect by tacking on "?action=display" to any shortened url. For the truly paranoid there is the "?action=display;cookie=1" query string to force all shortened urls to display by default before redirecting. That feature may be turned off again with the "?action=display;cookie=" query string. Again, look over the source code for other interesting features you may wish to take advantage of.
Committers: here's some javascript you might consider placing in a bookmark, courtesy of Doug Cutting. To use create a new bookmark and set the link url to
Posted at 05:17PM Jun 11, 2010 by joes in General | Comments [1] |
apache.org incident report for 04/09/2010
Apache.org services recently suffered a direct, targeted attack against our infrastructure, specifically the server hosting our issue-tracking software.
The Apache Software Foundation uses a donated instance of Atlassian JIRA as an issue tracker for our projects. Among other projects, the ASF Infrastructure Team uses it to track issues and requests. Our JIRA instance was hosted on brutus.apache.org, a machine running Ubuntu Linux 8.04 LTS.
Password Security
If you are a user of the Apache hosted JIRA, Bugzilla, or Confluence, a hashed copy of your password has been compromised.
JIRA and Confluence both use a SHA-512 hash, but without a random salt. We believe the risk to simple passwords based on dictionary words is quite high, and most users should rotate their passwords.
Bugzilla uses a SHA-256, including a random salt. The risk for most users is low to moderate, since pre-built password dictionaries are not effective, but we recommend users should still remove these passwords from use.
In addition, if you logged into the Apache JIRA instance between April 6th and April 9th, you should consider the password as compromised, because the attackers changed the login form to log them.
What Happened?
On April 5th, the attackers via a compromised Slicehost server opened a new issue, INFRA-2591. This issue contained the following text:
ive got this error while browsing some projects in jira http://tinyurl.com/XXXXXXXXX [obscured]
Tinyurl is a URL redirection and shortening tool. This specific URL redirected back to the Apache instance of JIRA, at a special URL containing a cross site scripting (XSS) attack. The attack was crafted to steal the session cookie from the user logged-in to JIRA. When this issue was opened against the Infrastructure team, several of our administators clicked on the link. This compromised their sessions, including their JIRA administrator rights.
At the same time as the XSS attack, the attackers started a brute force attack against the JIRA login.jsp, attempting hundreds of thousands of password combinations.
On April 6th, one of these methods was successful. Having gained administrator privileges on a JIRA account, the attackers used this account to disable notifications for a project, and to change the path used to upload attachments. The path they chose was configured to run JSP files, and was writable by the JIRA user. They then created several new issues and uploaded attachments to them. One of these attachments was a JSP file that was used to browse and copy the filesystem. The attackers used this access to create copies of many users' home directories and various files. They also uploaded other JSP files that gave them backdoor access to the system using the account that JIRA runs under.
By the morning of April 9th, the attackers had installed a JAR file that would collect all passwords on login and save them. They then sent password reset mails from JIRA to members of the Apache Infrastructure team. These team members, thinking that JIRA had encountered an innocent bug, logged in using the temporary password sent in the mail, then changed the passwords on their accounts back to their usual passwords.
One of these passwords happened to be the same as the password to a local user account on brutus.apache.org, and this local user account had full sudo access. The attackers were thereby able to login to brutus.apache.org, and gain full root access to the machine. This machine hosted the Apache installs of JIRA, Confluence, and Bugzilla.
Once they had root on brutus.apache.org, the attackers found that several users had cached Subversion authentication credentials, and used these passwords to log in to minotaur.apache.org (aka people.apache.org), our main shell server. On minotaur, they were unable to escalate privileges with the compromised accounts.
About 6 hours after they started resetting passwords, we noticed the attackers and began shutting down services. We notified Atlassian of the previously unreported XSS attack in JIRA and contacted SliceHost. Atlassian was responsive. Unfortunately, SliceHost did nothing and 2 days later, the very same virtual host (slice) attacked Atlassian directly.
We started moving services to a different machine, thor.apache.org. The attackers had root access on brutus.apache.org for several hours, and we could no longer trust the operating system on the original machine.
By April 10th, JIRA and Bugzilla were back online.
On April 13th, Atlassian provided a patch for JIRA to prevent the XSS attack. See JRA-20994 and JRA-20995 for details.
Our Confluence wiki remains offline at this time. We are working to restore it.
What worked?
- Limited use passwords, especially one-time passwords, were a real lifesaver. If JIRA passwords had been shared with other services/hosts, the attackers could have caused widespread damage to the ASF's infrastructure. Fortunately, in this case, the damage was limited to rooting a single host.
- Service isolation worked with mixed results. The attackers must be presumed to have copies of our Confluence and Bugzilla databases, as well as our JIRA database, at this point. These databases include hashes of all passwords used on those systems. However, other services and hosts, including LDAP, were largely unaffected.
What didn't work?
- The primary problem with our JIRA install is that the JIRA daemon runs as the user who installed JIRA. In this case, it runs as a jira role-account. There are historical reasons for this decision, but with 20/20 hindsight, and in light of the security issues at stake, we expect to revisit the decision!
- The same password should not have been used for a JIRA account as was used for sudo access on the host machine.
- Inconsistent application of one time passwords; We required them on other machines, but not on brutus. PAM was configured to allow optional use of OPIE, but not all of our sudoers had switched to it.
- SSH passwords should not have been enabled for login over the Internet. Although the Infrastructure Team had attempted to configure the sshd daemon to disable password-based logins, having
UsePAM yesset meant that password-based logins were still possible.
- We use Fail2Ban for many services, but we did not have it configured to track JIRA login failures.
What are we changing?
- We have remedied the JIRA installation issues with our reinstall. JIRA is now installed by root and runs as a separate daemon with limited privileges.
- For the time being we are running JIRA in a httpd-tomcat proxy config with the following rules:
ProxyPass /jira/secure/popups/colorpicker.jsp ! ProxyPass /jira/secure/popups/grouppicker.jsp ! ProxyPass /jira/secure/popups/userpicker.jsp ! ProxyPass /jira http://127.0.0.1:18080/jira
- We will be making one-time-passwords mandatory for all super-users, on all of our Linux and FreeBSD hosts.
- We have disabled caching of svn passwords, and removed all currently cached svn passwords across all hosts ast the ASF via the global config
[auth] store-passwords = no
- Use Fail2Ban to protect web application login failures from brute force attacks
We hope our disclosure has been as open as possible and true to the ASF spirit. Hopefully others can learn from our mistakes.
Posted at 05:04AM Apr 13, 2010 by pgollucci in General | Comments [78] |
ASF Buildbot svn setup
Here at the ASF we have a subversion setup with all our projects code in one repository, with each of those projects having their own style of trunk/branches/tags/site etc.. This works well for us, but did present us with some initial problems when setting up our Buildbot instance to work with it.[Read More]
Posted at 10:25AM Mar 29, 2010 by administrator in Development | |


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Cutting Certificate of Pivot Point, Chicago
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With the courses, You can learn not only theory and technique but also professional working experience
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75228 genius diy craft ideas 10 20 Crafts To Make You Fall In Love With DIYing
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On the day the legendary Red Fisher passed away, the Montreal Canadiens provided a fitting tribute in their victory over the Washington Capitals. [...]
Government Shutdown: Senate vote on funding bill fails
The Senate failed to pass a House-passed measure to keep the government working for the next month, [...]
Shutdown Deadline Passes With No Deal; WH Statement Slams Dems as 'Obstructionist Losers'
The deadline to avoid a government shutdown has passed with no deal. [...]
TV crew arrested at Newark airport with fake bomb
Authorities say 9 people who claimed to be working for a TV network were arrested at Newark airport after they tried to film themselves passing a fake explosive device through a security checkpoint. [...]
Aaron Ekblad's OT goal lifts Panthers over Golden Knights
Aaron Ekblad scored 40 seconds into overtime to lift the Panthers to a 4-3 victory over the Vegas Golden Knights on Friday night, spoiling former coach Gerard Gallant's return to Florida. [...]
Accident mars fourth leg of Volvo Ocean Race
A collision between a fishing boat and the American-Danish team overshadowed the fourth leg of the Volvo Ocean Race Saturday, with nine people rescued and... [...]
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UPDATE: Police investigate possible grenade near Main and Wentworth:metroland : Sat, 02:24:02 :0
Area clear after police investigate possible grenade near Main and Wentworth:metroland : Sat, 02:14:02 :0
Company investigating after wind turbine collapses in southwestern Ontario:metroland : Sat, 02:00:02 :0
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Wind turbine collapses in Chatham-Kent, Ont.:metroland : Sat, 01:50:15 :1
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A federal transportation watchdog must take a fresh look at a consumer advocate's complaint on behalf of obese airline passengers, the Supreme Court of Canada has ruled. [...]
Ontario tech hubs key for GM Canada's plans for driverless cars: CEO:metroland : Sat, 01:28:03 :0
General Motors of Canada sees Ontario's strength in advanced technologies as strategically important for its plans for creating safe, driverless vehicles in the near future, its CEO said Friday at the launch of a new software centre north of Toronto. [...]
Police say shooting deaths of married couple in Oakville a murder-suicide:metroland : Sat, 01:22:01 :0
Ontario reserve chief says housing shortage worse than ever as PM comes calling:metroland : Sat, 01:08:05 :0
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is promising a remote northwestern Ontario reserve help with a housing shortage that the chief says is worse than ever. [...]
Police investigate possible grenade near Main and Wentworth:metroland : Sat, 00:50:02 :1
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Indian Army Foils Attack by Pakistan's Border Action Team in Uri Sector, Kills 2
The infiltration bid comes 25 days after two Indian soldiers were killed and their bodies mutilated when the Border Action Team infiltrated 250 metres into the Indian side
Indian soldiers patrol near the Line of Control. (Reuters file photo)
New Delhi: The Indian Army on Friday killed two members of the Pakistan Army's Border Action Team, (BAT) foiling the infiltration attempt along the Line of Control in Uri sector of Jammu and Kashmir.
The infiltration bid comes 25 days after two Indian soldiers were killed and their bodies mutilated when the Border Action Team infiltrated 250 metres into the Indian side in Krishna Ghati sector with the Pakistani army providing cover fire from across the border.
The intruders were spotted on the Indian side around 8:40 AM south of Jhelum in the Uri sector, sources said.
In exchange of fire, both were neutralised at distance of 500 metres from the LoC in the Indian side, the sources said. One AK-47 rifle, one pistol and other warlike stores were recovered.
On Tuesday, the Indian Army had launched "punitive fire assaults" on Pakistani positions across the Line of Control, inflicting "some damage". The Army had also released a video of the military action which showed some structures in a forested area crumbling in a heap under the impact of repeated shelling.
During a recent visit to the state, Defence Minister Arun Jaitley had asked the Army to remain prepared to give a befitting reply to any "misadventure" from across the border.
(With PTI inputs)
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Posts Tagged with 'Sherri Baptiste'
The Power of Yoga & Meditation: A Women's Retreat – Sherri Baptiste & Michele Hébert
Reclaim and maintain inspiration in your life, body and mind. Together, human potential experts Sherri Baptiste and Michele Hébert will provide you with a beautifully balanced week. They have skillfully planned sessions that include masterful yoga and meditation practice for you. This week will lead you into the next chapter of your life with personal […] READ MORE
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I'm so happy that I picked up the new February/March 2012 issue of Vogue Patterns magazine. In there your can find Erica Bunker's article Pants to Skirt: reuse, restitch, remarkable!
The article inspired me to dig through some of the clothes that I have outgrown but can't seem to give up. And I found what I was looking for, a pair of high-waisted, wide-legged pants.
The title of the article took me back to the seventies and when our neighbour turned old jeans into a skirt. Erica's was no seventies jean skirt remake. She made a stunning faux crocodile embossed leather skirt. And her stunning re-production of a designer crocodile embossed leather pencil skirt had me thinking.
Why can't I turn my once favourite pair of pants into a skirt.
Of course there was that issue of weight gain over the years. Damn you menopause, gluten-free beer, and oh yeah, my sweet tooth.
I figured that I could use Erica's instructions as a guideline and use the extra fabric to give the skirt some much needed width.
So away I ripped the inside leg seams and up the curve of the crotch.
I stitched up the front and it was starting to look like a skirt. That was all the encouragement that I needed.
I figured that it would be easiest to put the extra width at the centre back. And that is where I put the plan into play.
Then to fix up the missing section for the waistband facing.
You can't imagine how thrilled I was about this project. I love the cotton blend fabric and the high waisted detailing. I didn't think that it would turn out to be a cute skirt. But it did.
A narrow hem and it is finished.
I can't wait to wear it.
And maybe, I'll get a proper photo. We'll see.
Monday, 16 January 2012
Pants to Skirt: reuse, restitch, remarkable!
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Simplicity 8529: Wool Sweater
Okay, before you faint. Yes, I made a pink sweater. I'm not willing to say that it's my favourite colour but I will admit t...
Something happened this evening. I was over at the McCall's website because I came across an email about one of their sales ending toni...
I have officially finished my winter coat this week. My latest version ended up back on the sewing table to add some interfacing to the sle...
Happy New Year! Can you believe that another sewing year is coming to a close? And what are you doing reading sewing blogs? Shouldn't yo...
All I want for Christmas is a box of mandarin oranges, good music, and some quality time with family & friends and to sneak in time at ...
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Usain Bolt has agreed to compete in a street race over 150 metres in Manchester in May.
The current record time over the distance was achieved last year when an unidentified man hurriedly left Dixons with a camcorder. I've been urging athletics authorities to bring track and field to the streets of Manchester for years, although my preferred event would be the javelin.
The Olympic 100m and 200m champion said he is looking forward to running through Manchester. My advice would be not to stop.
It doesn't come as a shock to discover the big Jamaican is another big celebrity Manchester United fan.
In a recent survey of United fans, the most common answer to the question 'why do you support them?' was: 'Dee ma'ak teem ngaan."
It doesn't take a genius to make Bolt, the most appropriately-named sportsman since Stefan Kuntz, the overwhelming favourite.
Usain is an insane 1-5 with Bet365. He could win it carrying Dimitar Berbatov and Cristiano Ronaldo, which is what United have been doing all season.


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The new EP Oliver Bach is the first a
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01/09/2018 to 01/23/2018
$66,043 to $91,787 per year
6 vacancies in the following location:
U.S. citizens, nationals or those who owe allegiance to the U.S., and excepted service employees.
OUR MISSION: To fulfill President Lincoln's promise - "To care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow, and his orphan" - by serving and honoring the men and women who are America's Veterans. How would you like to become a part of a team providing compassionate care to Veterans?
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) needs employees who possess the energy, compassion, and commitment to serve those who served our Country. Whatever the job title, every position in VA will give you a chance to make a meaningful and personal contribution to the lives of truly special and deserving people - our Veterans. VA professionals feel good about their careers and their ability to balance work and home life. VA offers generous paid time off and a variety of predictable and flexible scheduling opportunities. Working for VA is one of the most emotionally satisfying and professionally rewarding ways to dedicate the best within you to your Country's service.
The St. Louis VAMC is a full-service health care facility providing inpatient and ambulatory care in medicine, surgery, psychiatry, neurology, and rehabilitation, as well as over 65 subspecialty areas. It is a two-division facility that serves veterans and their families in east central Missouri and southwestern Illinois.
The John Cochran Division has all of the medical center's operative surgical capabilities, the ambulatory care unit, and a six-story Clinical Addition that includes surgical facilities, intensive care units, outpatient psychiatry clinics, and expanded laboratory.
The Jefferson Barracks Division provides primary care psychiatric treatment, regional spinal cord injury treatment, a nursing home care unit, geriatric health care, rehabilitation services, and a rehabilitation domiciliary program for homeless veterans.
The St. Louis VA Medical Center Community Based Outpatient Clinics (CBOCs) in Belleville, IL; O'Fallon, MO (St. Charles County); St. Louis, MO (North St. Louis County); and Washington, MO.
For more information on the Department of Veterans Affairs, go to http://www.vacareers.va.gov/
The duty station for this position is the VA St Louis Health Care System. The duty station may be changed to one or multiple associated VAMC locations within the metropolitan St. Louis, MO area based on the needs of the medical center. This position is in the bargaining unit.
The RN Care Manager is an important member of the Patient Aligned Care Team (PACT). PACT is the model of care used to provide primary care services to veterans at the VA St. Louis Healthcare System. The RN Care Manager will collaborate closely with the PACT team to provide healthcare services to a panel of veterans. The incumbent will use principles of access, care coordination and practice redesign to provide patient-centered care. The incumbent will apply Health Promotion and Disease Prevention philosophies to assist the veteran in maintaining the highest level of wellness. Incumbent will use evidence based nursing principles with emphasis on the nursing process and patient education.
Duties include:
1. Assesses, plans, implements, and evaluates comprehensive orientation and education programs for nursing and other clinical staff using a multidisciplinary approach.
2. Promotes the PACT model of care delivery through participation in education, coaching, consultation, role modeling, and research.
3. Performs the primary function of leader/facilitator, teacher, and resource person in assessing, planning, implementing and evaluating PACT programs for nursing and other clinical personnel.
4. Includes other clinical or administrative assignments necessary to meet the mission of the Healthcare
5. Adheres to the VA core values of integrity, commitment, advocacy, respect and excellence
6. Assumes responsibilities at all sectors of the Healthcare System (John Cochran Division, Jefferson Barracks Division, Community Based Outpatient Clinics, and other leased sites).
7. Provides orientation and training, competency assessment, assessing staff learning needs, and education on new performance measures, PACT tools, technology and/or products.
8. Reviews and applies current research findings to educational offerings, developing and utilizing evaluative systems to determine the effectiveness of education programming, participating in developing, interpreting, evaluating, and maintaining standards of nursing practice.
This position is organized under the Associate Chief Nurse, Primary Care.
Work Schedule: 8am - 4:30pm
Financial Disclosure Report: Not Required
Not required
Questions? This job is open to 1 group.
0610 Nurse
Physical Requirements:
The Physical requirements of this position include the following tasks which may be performed intermittently: lifting of up to 50 lbs. (3 hours), sitting (2 hours), standing (4 hours), walking (8 hours), climbing (1 hour), kneeling (3 hours), bending/stooping (3 hours), twisting (2 hours), pushing/pulling (6 hours), simple grasping (8 hours), fine manipulation (8 hours), reaching above the shoulder (4 hours), and operating machinery (8 hours).
Participation in the seasonal influenza program is a condition of employment and a requirement for all Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care Personnel (HCP). HCP are individuals who, during the influenza season, work in VHA locations where patients receive care or who encounter VA patients as part of their duties. VHA locations include, but are not limited to, VA hospitals and associated clinics, community living centers (CLCs), community-based outpatient clinics (CBOCs), domiciliary units, Vet centers and VA-leased facilities. HCP include all VA licensed and unlicensed, clinical and administrative, paid and unpaid, full- and part-time employees, intermittent employees, fee basis employees, VA contractors, students, researchers, volunteers, and trainees who work at these facilities.
Selected applicants will be required to complete an online onboarding process.
Note: Only education or degrees recognized by the U.S. Department of Education from accredited colleges, universities, schools, or institutions may be used to qualify for Federal employment. You can verify your education here: http://ope.ed.gov/accreditation/. If you are using foreign education to meet qualification requirements, you must send a Certificate of Foreign Equivalency with your transcript in order to receive credit for that education. For further information, visit: http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/edlite-visitus-forrecog.html.
Annual leave shall accrue for full-time Nurses, and Nurse Anesthetists at the rate of 8 hours for each full biweekly pay period.
This job opportunity announcement may be used to fill additional vacancies.
It is the policy of the VA to not deny employment to those that have faced financial hardships or periods of unemployment.
This position is in the Excepted Service and does not confer competitive status.
United States Citizenship Required; non-citizens may only be appointed when it is not possible to recruit qualified citizens in accordance with VA Policy.
VA encourages persons with disabilities to apply. The health related positions in VA are covered by Title 38, and are not covered by the Schedule A excepted appointment authority.
Veterans and Transitioning Service Members: Please visit the VA for Vets site for career-search tools for Veterans seeking employment at VA, career development services for our existing Veterans, and coaching and reintegration support for military service members.
If you are unable to apply online or need to fax a document you do not have in electronic form, view the following link for information regarding an Alternate Application.
You will be evaluated for this job based on how well you meet the qualifications above.
IN DESCRIBING YOUR EXPERIENCE, PLEASE BE CLEAR AND SPECIFIC. WE MAY NOT MAKE ASSUMPTIONS REGARDING YOUR EXPERIENCE. Your application, résumé, C.V., and/or supporting documentation will be verified. Please follow all instructions carefully. Errors or omissions may affect consideration for employment.
NOTE: Candidate's education and length of nursing practice (experience) will be considered by a Nurse Professional Standards Board in determining the grade and salary of the applicant selected. The recommended salary may be at any point in the range listed for this vacancy.
Experience as an RN will be evaluated to determine if the experience is of an acceptable level of quality with regard to the following four dimensions of nursing: Practice, Professional Development, Collaboration and Scientific Inquiry. Each dimension of practice has criteria that demonstrate essential core competencies for VHA Nursing Personnel. The criteria are as follows:
Public Trust - Background Investigation
To apply for this position, you must provide a complete Application Package which includes:
Education must be accredited by an accrediting institution recognized by the U.S. Department of Education in order for it to be credited towards qualifications. Therefore, provide only the attendance and/or degrees from
schools accredited by accrediting institutions recognized by the U.S. Department of Education.
Failure to provide all of the required information as stated in this vacancy announcement may result in an ineligible rating or may affect the overall rating.
A career with the U.S. Government provides employees with a comprehensive benefits package. As a federal employee, you and your family will have access to a range of benefits that are designed to make your federal career very rewarding.
Review our benefits
Eligibility for benefits depends on the type of position you hold and whether your position is full-time, part-time, or intermittent. Contact the hiring agency for more information on the specific benefits offered.
All applicants are encouraged to apply online. To apply for this position, you must complete the full questionnaire and submit the documentation specified in the Required Documents section below. The complete application package must be submitted by 11:59 PM (ET) on 01/23/2018 to receive consideration.
Once your online application is submitted you will receive a confirmation notification by email. After we receive application packages (including all required documents) and the vacancy announcement closes, we will review applications to ensure qualification and eligibility requirements are met. After the review is complete, a referral certificate(s) is issued and applicants will be notified of their status by email. Referred applicants will be notified as such and may be contacted directly by the hiring office for an interview. All referred applicants receive a final notification once a selection decision has been made.
You may check the status of your application at any time by logging into your USA Jobs account and clicking on Applications. Information regarding your application status can be found in the USAJobs Help Center.
The Federal hiring process is setup to be fair and transparent. Please read the following guidance.
The United States Government does not discriminate in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy and gender identity), national origin, political affiliation, sexual orientation, marital status, disability, genetic information, age, membership in an employee organization, retaliation, parental status, military service, or other non-merit factor.
Federal agencies must provide reasonable accommodation to applicants with disabilities where appropriate. Applicants requiring reasonable accommodation for any part of the application and hiring process should contact the hiring agency directly. Determinations on requests for reasonable accommodation will be made on a case-by-case basis.
A reasonable accommodation is any change to a job, the work environment, or the way things are usually done that enables an individual with a disability to apply for a job, perform job duties or receive equal access to job benefits.
Under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, federal agencies must provide reasonable accommodations when:
You can request a reasonable accommodation at any time during the application or hiring process or while on the job. Requests are considered on a case-by-case basis.
Learn more about disability employment and reasonable accommodations or how to contact an agency.


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Providing Students the Foundations for Success in College and Career
Today, children in Baltimore County are not getting the full benefit of Maryland's education system. When new families decide where to raise their children, they consider Howard County schools to be superior to Baltimore County Schools. Furthermore, while our politicians brag about how Maryland schools are among the best in the country, internationally, our children are falling behind their peers. As a parent of two children in school, Dr. Jay Jalisi is focused on making the Baltimore County Public School System provide a world-class education for our children.
Dr. Jay's Plan for Baltimore County Public Schools:
• Univeral Pre-Kindergarten required at all schools will provide the strong foundation necessary for future success. As a father of two, Dr. Jay knows that young brains develop and grow quickly during Pre-Kindergarten, time that cannot be made up later. Therefore, as parents, we should focus on working for engaging Pre-Kindergarten education in this important stage of childhood development.
• Increasing teachers' pay and pension benefits to make teaching an attractive career. Baltimore County Schools need the most talented, motivated and well-educated teachers in order to make an impact on our children from the earliest age.
• Provide Counseling for both Future Career Paths and Mental Health in all schools. It still takes a village to raise a child. We need to provide children with the specialized skills necessary to compete in a global workforce. At the same time, Dr. Jay also believes we must also look after students' mental health. New technology and the demands of school are creating new stresses that must be managed appropriately. Therefore, school counselors must be able to both coordinate a student's interests with a college or career choice, and identify issues pertaining to adolescent mental health. This means counselors would work with parents and teachers to put pupils on the best path possible.
• New Schools and Modern Technology to keep class size low, and class time relevant to the real world. Dr. Jay trusts teachers to make the most with what they have. For too long, however, teachers have made do with a combination of textbooks and old computers. Baltimore County needs to invest in the newest technologies to keep children interested within the classroom, and prepared to create the cutting-edge innovations that Maryland and America need to succeed.
• Teaching About the Value of Diversity is paramount in Baltimore County. Dr. Jalisi believes that Baltimore's incredible variety of ethnicities, religions, and more, should foster understanding these different groups. As more children get easy access to the media which adds new flavor to the American melting pot, the Baltimore County school curriculum must reflect these important changes.
• Encouraging and Providing Healthy and Balanced Food Options in School Cafeterias to Address Childhood Obesity. Dr. Jalisi agrees with First Lady Michelle Obama's initiative to address childhood obesity through more balanced school nutrition. To fuel students' young and growing brains, children need fresh fruit, protein, and whole grains to keep them focused and healthy throughout the school day, which more schools need to provide.


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only on...
ARC Music Int., PO Box 2453, Clearwater FL 33757-2453, www.arcmusic.co.uk
I knew from the opening notes that I was going to like this
CD. First, the musical scales of the Middle East have always
hit me deeply. Second, the CD starts with the title track,
a song by Hossam Ramzy, a man who knows his way around the
musical landscape, be it jazz or pop or folk. Ramzys
Sahara Groove sounds traditional, but somehow
its edgy and funky and modern too. After the stage is
thusly set, a rich cast of musicians appears, including Sudanese
singer Rasha, Nubian living legend Ali Hassan Kuban, and Gnawa
Sidi Mimoun Band. Worth noting is that this collection of
cutting-edge North African music isnt solely the province
of the young. Algerian Raï pioneer Cheikha Rimitti was
born in 1923, Kuban in 1933, Samy El Bably in 1935. The latters
Asrar El Ein is particularly catchy, with an earthy
beat over which floats El Bablys fat trumpet.
If thats not enough for you, keep listening until you
reach the song Dik Alila by Moroccan singer Rhanya
salsa-tinged sunset concluding your tour through the far north
of Afro-pop.
©2002 Scott Allan Stevens
Jazzheads Records, PO Box 0523 Planetarium Station, New York,
NY 10024-0523, www.jazzheads.com
Whether driving her band with her wild scatting (Billys
Bounce) or singing praise to the Orishas (Yemayá),
Mayra Caridad Valdés gets the job done on her solo
debut, La Diosa del Mar (The Sea Goddess). As lead singer
of Irakere and younger sister of Chucho Valdés, Mayra
has the experience to step out on her own, singing traditional
songs along with ballads and straight-up jazz. Her version
of Bésame Mucho shows the range of her
remarkable voice, the smoky lows sounding like the soundtrack
to an old detective story before she breaks into a scat that
complements beautifully the saxophone of Irving Acao. Nowhere
is the sizzling chemistry of the group more apparent than
on the final track Rezo Afrocubano. This traditional
Orisha praise song begins with sparse drums and chanting,
seamlessly adding voices and instruments on its way to a rich
Latin-jazz conclusion. Valdés is a voice youll
undoubtedly be hearing more of
so why not start now?
Smithsonian Folkways Recordings, Center for Folklife and Cultural
Heritage, 750 9th Street NW, Suite 4100, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington DC 20560-0953, www.folkways.si.edu
Raíces Latinas is an open market of Latino sounds.
At the markets entrance is the Nicaraguan nueva canción
Un Gigante Que Despierta. Then you pass by an
Argentine bailecito, a merengue from the Dominican Republic,
and much more
all the way to Grupo Afrocubas rumba
guagancó Las Leyendas de Grecia. Drawn
from the Smithsonians archives of Latino music, the
recordings range from modern studio sessions to 1951 field
recording of the Columbian bambuco Brisas del Pamplonita.
The generous liner notes give information on each track, as
well as the tradition and the album it is drawn from. If youre
looking to learn more about the breadth of Latino music, this
CD may be a great starting point. Do you prefer tango or son
or capoeira? Guitars or brass bands or ocarinas? A visit to
the Raíces Latinas marketplace may help you find out.
©2002 Scott Allan Stevens
Kathak & Flamenco -
The Second Year
Museum of History and Industry,
Seattle, 2 August 2002
Both are percussive traditions, but from cultures far removed.
I wondered what was in store as I waited with the throng outside
the performance space at MOHAI on a pleasant summer evening.
I knew something of tabla player Vishal Nagar, having taken
a somewhat intimidating drum lesson from him. The show began
with Vishal and other musicians (Ramesh Misra-sarangi, Shantha
Benegal-vocal, Ramesh Gangolli-vocal, Rahun Deshpande-harmonium)
accompanying the dancing of Urmila Nagar (Vishal's mother)
for Bhav, described as "the expressive form of Kathak
dance." The bells on her ankles struggled to keep pace
with the movements of her bare feet.
After an intermission, Carmona Flamenco had their say, with
staccato conversations between the fingers of guitarist Marcos
Carmona and the feet and hands of dancers Rubina Carmona and
Ana Montes. The emotion and the footwork...I began to see
the connections between the two styles of dance and music.
Finally, the third set with all the performers together.
Short duets emerged between the musicians, and between the
dancers, Connections were made, then distinctions. The performers'
experience and ability to improvise drew cheers from the capacity
audience. A triumphant performance.
Old Blind Dogs
Capitol Theater, Olympia, 18
September 2002
I like Celtic music--it's my heritage, after all. I just
don't tend to like it as much as some other types of ethnic
music. I like bass and rhythm more than strings and pennywhistles.
Old Blind Dogs shift the balance, giving old tunes new life
and energy. There certainly was no lack of energy in the Capitol
Theater when they took the stage after an opening by the Columbia
Street Seisun Band.
Drummer Fraser Stone's main instrument is not a drum kit
or bodhran, but a djembe, which gives you an idea of the band's
approach. His drumming, along with the bass of Buzzby MacMillan,
sets the band's musical foundation, seamlessly melding with
Jonny Hardie's fiddle, Rory Campbell's pipes, flutes, and
whistles, and Jim Malcolm voice and guitar. This band is tight,
from their rhythms to their on-stage banter...while still
maintaining a loose humor that connects with the crowd. This
energetic, bouyant performance was a joy to behold. Putting
a fresh face on Celtic music, Old Blind Dogs are a pack to
be reckoned with.
Le Ballet National du Senegal
Meany Theater, Seattle, 3 October
Prior to this show, I spent some time thinking about the
term "ballet." In my mind it conjures images of
codpieces and tutus, prancing tiptoe and leaping around a
sparse stage to the sound of classical music. Okay, I also
know ballet in the form of Phillip Glass's "Satyagraha,"
which involved the somnolent chanting of Sanskrit phrases
by dancers moving at the speed of continental drift.
But I wasn't afriaid of being bored by Le Ballet National
du Senegal. For one thing, I know something of Senegalese
music. Perhaps more importantly, I know something of the founder
of the ballet company, one Leopold Sédar Senghor. Senghor,
who died last December at age 95, was a poet and thinker,
who also happened to be elected the first president of an
independent Senegal in 1960. Among his legacies is the concept
of "negritude" -- a rejection of colonial values
in favor of traditional African identity and culture. So I
knew this wouldn't be an African version of European ballet.
The show, "Kuuyamba," involves an initiation ceremony.
The 35-member cast sets the stage slowly, establishing the
rhythms of village life on a set showing the public space
of a Senegalese village. A large tree dominates the skyline,
with huts behind fences in the background. The foreground
is bare stage, but it's not much of a stretch to picture it
as packed earth, particularly when village women begin sweeping
it and doing their food-preparation chores there.
Stunning choreography and lavish costumes team up with the
thunderous drumming that you hear in your chest as much as
in your ears. The music and energy ebb and flow enticingly,
the drumming balanced by sweet kora, dan, and balafon musical
interludes. And the dancing is exquisite throughout, from
the acrobatic feats of the Peulh shepherds to the sensuality
of the Amiran Miran dance.
And it's great -- in sometimes-stuffy Seattle -- to see the
barriers between performers and audience break down. During
the show, women (and one brave man) leapt to the stage to
strut their African dance moves for a few moments, the more
confident of them flirting with a drummer before returning
to their seats.
If Le Ballet National du Senegal is coming to your town,
don't miss it.
Home - Find
World Music CDs & MP3s - Listen
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& Show Reviews - Top
Ten & Other Charts - Past
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the Globe - Contact - World
Music Links - KAOS


text:
return to Health Conditions
return to Health Conditions
Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is vital to your health because it's an important source of energy for the cells that make up your muscles and tissues. It's also your brain's main source of fuel.
If you have diabetes, no matter what type, it means you have too much glucose in your blood, although the causes may differ. Too much glucose can lead to serious health problems.
Chronic diabetes conditions include type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Potentially reversible diabetes conditions include prediabetes — when your blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes — and gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy but may resolve after the baby is delivered.
Diabetes symptoms vary depending on how much your blood sugar is elevated. Some people, especially those with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, may not experience symptoms initially. In type 1 diabetes, symptoms tend to come on quickly and be more severe.
Some of the signs and symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are:
Although type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, it typically appears during childhood or adolescence. Type 2 diabetes, the more common type, can develop at any age, though it's more common in people older than 40.
To understand diabetes, first you must understand how glucose is normally processed in the body.
How insulin works
Insulin is a hormone that comes from a gland situated behind and below the stomach (pancreas).
The role of glucose
Glucose — a sugar — is a source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and other tissues.
Causes of type 1 diabetes
The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown. What is known is that your immune system — which normally fights harmful bacteria or viruses — attacks and destroys your insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This leaves you with little or no insulin. Instead of being transported into your cells, sugar builds up in your bloodstream.
Type 1 is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, though exactly what many of those factors are is still unclear.
Causes of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes
In prediabetes — which can lead to type 2 diabetes — and in type 2 diabetes, your cells become resistant to the action of insulin, and your pancreas is unable to make enough insulin to overcome this resistance. Instead of moving into your cells where it's needed for energy, sugar builds up in your bloodstream.
Exactly why this happens is uncertain, although it's believed that genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Being overweight is strongly linked to the development of type 2 diabetes, but not everyone with type 2 is overweight.
Causes of gestational diabetes
During pregnancy, the placenta produces hormones to sustain your pregnancy. These hormones make your cells more resistant to insulin.
Normally, your pancreas responds by producing enough extra insulin to overcome this resistance. But sometimes your pancreas can't keep up. When this happens, too little glucose gets into your cells and too much stays in your blood, resulting in gestational diabetes.
Risk factors
Risk factors for diabetes depend on the type of diabetes.
Risk factors for type 1 diabetes
Although the exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown, factors that may signal an increased risk include:
Risk factors for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes
Researchers don't fully understand why some people develop prediabetes and type 2 diabetes and others don't. It's clear that certain factors increase the risk, however, including:
Risk factors for gestational diabetes
Any pregnant woman can develop gestational diabetes, but some women are at greater risk than are others. Risk factors for gestational diabetes include:
Long-term complications of diabetes develop gradually. The longer you have diabetes — and the less controlled your blood sugar — the higher the risk of complications. Eventually, diabetes complications may be disabling or even life-threatening. Possible complications include:
Complications of gestational diabetes
Most women who have gestational diabetes deliver healthy babies. However, untreated or uncontrolled blood sugar levels can cause problems for you and your baby.
Complications in your baby can occur as a result of gestational diabetes, including:
Complications in the mother can also occur as a result of gestational diabetes, including:
Complications of prediabetes
Prediabetes may develop into type 2 diabetes.
Tests and diagnosis
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes often appear suddenly and are often the reason for checking blood sugar levels. Because symptoms of other types of diabetes and prediabetes come on more gradually or may not be evident, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) has recommended screening guidelines. The ADA recommends that the following people be screened for diabetes:
Tests for type 1 and type 2 diabetes and prediabetes
If the A1C test results aren't consistent, the test isn't available, or if you have certain conditions that can make the A1C test inaccurate — such as if you're pregnant or have an uncommon form of hemoglobin (known as a hemoglobin variant) — your doctor may use the following tests to diagnose diabetes:
If type 1 diabetes is suspected, your urine will be tested to look for the presence of a byproduct produced when muscle and fat tissue are used for energy when the body doesn't have enough insulin to use the available glucose (ketones). Your doctor will also likely run a test to see if you have the destructive immune system cells associated with type 1 diabetes called autoantibodies.
Tests for gestational diabetes
Your doctor will likely evaluate your risk factors for gestational diabetes early in your pregnancy:
Your doctor may use the following screening tests:
Treatments and drugs
Depending on what type of diabetes you have, blood sugar monitoring, insulin and oral medications may play a role in your treatment. Eating a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight and participating in regular activity also are important factors in managing diabetes.
Treatments for all types of diabetes
An important part of managing diabetes — as well as your overall health — is maintaining a healthy weight through a healthy diet and exercise plan:
Yet understanding what and how much to eat can be a challenge. A registered dietitian can help you create a meal plan that fits your health goals, food preferences and lifestyle. This will likely include carbohydrate counting, especially if you have type 1 diabetes.
Treatments for type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Treatment for type 1 diabetes involves insulin injections or the use of an insulin pump, frequent blood sugar checks, and carbohydrate counting. Treatment of type 2 diabetes primarily involves monitoring of your blood sugar, along with diabetes medications, insulin or both.
Even with careful management, blood sugar levels can sometimes change unpredictably. With help from your diabetes treatment team, you'll learn how your blood sugar level changes in response to food, physical activity, medications, illness, alcohol, stress — for women, fluctuations in hormone levels.
In addition to daily blood sugar monitoring, your doctor will likely recommend regular A1C testing to measure your average blood sugar level for the past two to three months. Compared with repeated daily blood sugar tests, A1C testing better indicates how well your diabetes treatment plan is working overall. An elevated A1C level may signal the need for a change in your insulin regimen or meal plan. Your target A1C goal may vary depending on your age and various other factors. However, for most people with diabetes, the American Diabetes Association recommends an A1C of below 7 percent. Ask your doctor what your A1C target is.
Many types of insulin are available, including rapid-acting insulin, long-acting insulin and intermediate options. Depending on your needs, your doctor may prescribe a mixture of insulin types to use throughout the day and night.
Insulin can't be taken orally to lower blood sugar because stomach enzymes interfere with insulin's action. Often insulin is injected using a fine needle and syringe or an insulin pen — a device that looks like a large ink pen.
An insulin pump may also be an option. The pump is a device about the size of a cellphone worn on the outside of your body. A tube connects the reservoir of insulin to a catheter that's inserted under the skin of your abdomen. A tubeless pump that works wirelessly is also now available. You program an insulin pump to dispense specific amounts of insulin. It can be adjusted to deliver more or less insulin depending on meals, activity level and blood sugar level.
An emerging treatment approach, not yet available, is closed loop insulin delivery, also known as the artificial pancreas. It links a continuous glucose monitor to an insulin pump. The device automatically delivers the correct amount of insulin when the monitor indicates the need for it. There are a number of different versions of the artificial pancreas, and clinical trials have had encouraging results. More research needs to be done before a fully functional artificial pancreas can receive regulatory approval.
However, the first step toward an artificial pancreas was approved in 2013. Combining a continuous glucose monitor with an insulin pump, this system stops insulin delivery when blood sugar levels drop too low. Studies on the device found that it could prevent low blood sugar levels overnight without significantly increasing morning blood sugar levels.
Treatment for gestational diabetes
Controlling your blood sugar level is essential to keeping your baby healthy and avoiding complications during delivery. In addition to maintaining a healthy diet and exercising, your treatment plan may include monitoring your blood sugar and, in some cases, using insulin or oral medications.
Your health care provider will also monitor your blood sugar level during labor. If your blood sugar rises, your baby may release high levels of insulin — which can lead to low blood sugar right after birth.
Treatment for prediabetes
If you have prediabetes, healthy lifestyle choices can help you bring your blood sugar level back to normal or at least keep it from rising toward the levels seen in type 2 diabetes. Maintaining a healthy weight through exercise and healthy eating can help. Exercising at least 150 minutes a week and losing 5 to 10 percent of your body weight may prevent or delay type 2 diabetes.
Sometimes medications — such as metformin (Glucophage, Glumetza, others) — also are an option if you're at high risk of diabetes, including when your prediabetes is worsening or if you have cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease or polycystic ovary syndrome.
In other cases, medications to control cholesterol — statins, in particular — and high blood pressure medications are needed. Your doctor might prescribe low-dose aspirin therapy to help prevent cardiovascular disease if you're at high risk. Healthy lifestyle choices remain key, however.
Signs of trouble in any type of diabetes
Because so many factors can affect your blood sugar, problems may sometimes arise that require immediate care, such as:
Lifestyle and home remedies
Diabetes is a serious disease. Following your diabetes treatment plan takes round-the-clock commitment. Careful management of diabetes can reduce your risk of serious — even life-threatening — complications.
No matter what type of diabetes you have:
Lifestyle for type 1 and type 2 diabetes
In addition, if you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes:
Remember to include the carbohydrates from any alcohol you drink in your daily carbohydrate count. And check your blood sugar levels before going to bed.
Numerous substances have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in some studies, while other studies fail to find any benefit for blood sugar control or in lowering A1C levels. Because of the conflicting findings, there aren't any alternative therapies that are currently recommended to help with blood sugar management.
If you decide to try an alternative therapy, don't stop taking the medications that your doctor has prescribed. Be sure to discuss the use of any of these therapies with your doctor to make sure that they won't cause adverse reactions or interact with your current therapy.
Additionally, there are no treatments — alternative or conventional — that can cure diabetes, so it's critical that people who are receiving insulin therapy for diabetes don't stop using insulin unless directed to do so by their physicians.
Living with diabetes can be difficult and frustrating. Sometimes, even when you've done everything right, your blood sugar levels may rise. But stick with your diabetes management plan, and you'll likely see a positive difference in your A1C when you visit your doctor.
Because good diabetes management can be time-consuming, and sometimes overwhelming, some people find it helps to talk to someone. Your doctor can probably recommend a mental health professional for you to speak with, or you may want to try a support group. Sharing your frustrations and your triumphs with people who understand what you're going through can be very helpful. And you may find that others have great tips to share about diabetes management.
Type 1 diabetes can't be prevented. However, the same healthy lifestyle choices that help treat prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes can also help prevent them:
Sometimes medication is an option as well. Oral diabetes drugs such as metformin (Glucophage, Glumetza, others) may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes — but healthy lifestyle choices remain essential.
Have your blood sugar checked at least once a year to check that you haven't developed type 2 diabetes.
Information retrieved from: www.mayoclinic.org


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radiology imaging Salaries
The average salary for radiology imaging jobs is $72,547*.
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* Please note that all salary figures are approximations based upon third party submissions to Simply Hired or its affiliates. These figures are given to Simply Hired users for the purpose of generalized comparison only. Minimum wage may differ by jurisdiction and you should consult the employer for actual salary figures.
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