text:
Electric cars use electric motors to generate the kinetic energy necessary. They use electrical energy stored in batteries. Sometimes the battery is supplemented by a small gasoline engine as a backup. Electric cars have been around for over a century but never been able to compete with cars outfitted with internal combustion engines.
As of January 2012 series production models available in some countries include the Tesla Roadster, REVAi, Renault Fluence Z.E., Buddy, Mitsubishi i MiEV, Tazzari Zero, Nissan Leaf, Smart ED, Wheego Whip LiFe, Mia electric, BYD e6, and Bolloré Blue Car. The Leaf, with more than 21,000 units sold worldwide through December 2011, and the i-MiEV, with global cumulative sales of more than 17,000 units through October 2011, are the world's top selling highway-capable electric cars.
Electric cars have several potential benefits as compared to conventional internal combustion automobiles that include a significant reduction of urban air pollution as they do not emit harmful tailpipe pollutants from the onboard source of power at the point of operation (zero tail pipe emissions); reduced greenhouse gas emissions from the onboard source of power depending on the fuel and technology used for electricity generation to charge the batteries; and less dependence on foreign oil, which for the United States, other developed and emerging countries is cause of concerns about their vulnerability to price shocks and supply disruption. Also for many developing countries, and particularly for the poorest in Africa, high oil prices have an adverse impact on their balance of payments, hindering their economic growth.
Despite their potential benefits, widespread adoption of electric cars faces several hurdles and limitations. As of 2011 electric cars are significantly more expensive than conventional internal combustion engine vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles due to the additional cost of their lithium-ion battery pack. However, battery prices are coming down with mass production and expected to drop further. Other factors discouraging the adoption of electric cars are the lack of public and private recharging infrastructure and the driver's fear of the batteries running out of energy before reaching their destination (range anxiety) due to the limited range of existing electric cars. Several governments have established policies and economic incentives to overcome existing barriers, to promote the sales of electric cars, and to fund further development of electric vehicles, more cost-effective battery technology and their components. The U.S. has pledged US$2.4 billion in federal grants for electric cars and batteries. China has announced it will provide US$15 billion to initiate an electric car industry within its borders. Several national and local governments have established tax credits, subsidies, and other incentives to reduce the net purchase price of electric cars and other plug-ins.
Electric cars are a variety of electric vehicle (EV); the term "electric vehicle" refers to any vehicle that uses electric motors for propulsion, while "electric car" generally refers to road-going automobiles powered by electricity. While an electric car's power source is not explicitly an on-board battery, electric cars with motors powered by other energy sources are generally referred to by a different name: an electric car powered by sunlight is a solar car, and an electric car powered by a gasoline generator is a form of hybrid car. Thus, an electric car that derives its power from an on-board battery pack is a form of battery electric vehicle (BEV). Most often, the term "electric car" is used to refer to pure battery electric vehicles.
1990s to present: Revival of mass interest
The energy crises of the 1970s and 80s brought about renewed interest in the perceived independence that electric cars had from the fluctuations of the hydrocarbon energy market. In the early 1990s, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) began a push for more fuel-efficient, lower-emissions vehicles, with the ultimate goal being a move to zero-emissions vehicles such as electric vehicles. In response, automakers developed electric models, including the Chrysler TEVan, Ford Ranger EV pickup truck, GM EV1 and S10 EV pickup, Honda EV Plus hatchback, Nissan lithium-battery Altra EV miniwagon and Toyota RAV4 EV. These cars were eventually withdrawn from the U.S. market.
First Nissan Leaf delivered in the U.S. on the road south of San Francisco
The global economic recession in the late 2000s led to increased calls for automakers to abandon fuel-inefficient SUVs, which were seen as a symbol of the excess that caused the recession, in favor of small cars, hybrid cars, and electric cars. California electric car maker Tesla Motors began development in 2004 on the Tesla Roadster, which was first delivered to customers in 2008. As of January 2011 Tesla had produced more than 1,500 Roadsters sold in at least 31 countries. The Mitsubishi i MiEV was launched for fleet customers in Japan in July 2009, and for individual customers in April 2010, followed by sales to the public in Hong Kong in May 2010, and Australia in July 2010 via leasing.
Retail customer deliveries of the Nissan Leaf in Japan and the United States began in December 2010, though initial availability is restricted to a few launch markets and in limited quantities. As of September 2011 other electric automobiles, city cars, and light trucks available in some markets included the REVAi, Buddy, Citroën C1 ev'ie, Transit Connect Electric, Mercedes-Benz Vito E-Cell, Smart ED, Wheego Whip LiFe, and several neighborhood electric vehicles.
Comparison with internal combustion engine vehicles
An important goal for electric vehicles is overcoming the disparity between their costs of development, production, and operation, with respect to those of equivalent internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs).
Sales of the Mitsubishi i MiEV to the public began in Japan in April 2010, in Hong Kong in May 2010 and in Australia in July 2010.
Electric cars are generally more expensive than gasoline cars. The primary reason is the high cost of car batteries. US and British car buyers seem to be unwilling to pay more for an electric car. This prohibits the mass transition from gasoline cars to electric cars. A survey taken by Nielsen for the Financial Times has shown that 65 percent of Americans and 76 percent of Britons are not willing to pay more for an electric car above the price of a gasoline car. Also a report by J.D. Power and Associates claims that about 50 percent of U.S. car buyers are not willing to spend more than US$5,000 on a green vehicle above the price of a petrol car despite their concern about the environment.
The Nissan LEAF is the most affordable five door family electric car in the U.S. at a price of US$32,780 going down to US$25,280 after federal tax rebate of US$7,500, going further down to US$20,280 after the US$5,000 tax rebate in California and similar incentives in other states.
The Renault Fluence Z.E. five door family saloon electric car will be priced at less than US$20,000 before any U.S. federal and state tax rebates are applied. It will be sold without the battery thus the significant price difference. The customer will buy the Renault Fluence Z.E. with a contract to lease the battery from the company Better Place.
The electric car company Tesla Motors is using laptop battery technology for the battery packs of their electric cars that are 3 to 4 times cheaper than dedicated electric car battery packs that other auto makers are using. While dedicated battery packs cost $700–$800 per kilowatt hour, battery packs using small laptop cells cost about $200. That could potentially drive down the cost of electric cars that are using Tesla's battery technology such as the Toyota RAV4 EV and the Smart ED as well as their own upcoming 2014 models such as the Model X.
A study published in 2011 by the Belfer Center, Harvard University, found that the gasoline costs savings of plug-in electric cars over the vehicles' lifetimes do not offset their higher purchase prices. This finding was estimated comparing their lifetime net present value at 2010 purchase and operating costs for the U.S. market, and assuming no government subidies. According to the study estimates, a PHEV-40 is US$5,377 more expensive than a conventional internal combustion engine, while a battery electric vehicle is US$4,819 more expensive. The study also examined how this balance will change over the next 10 to 20 years, assuming that battery costs will decrease while gasoline prices increase. Under the future scenarios considered, the study found that BEVs will be significantly less expensive than conventional cars (US$1,155 to US$7,181 cheaper), while PHEVs, will be more expensive than BEVs in almost all comparison scenarios, and only less expensive than conventional cars in an scenario with very low battery costs and high gasoline prices. The reason for the different savings among plug-in cars is due to the fact that BEVs are simpler to build and do not use liquid fuel, while PHEVs have more complicated powertrains and still have gasoline-powered engines.
Running costs and maintenance
The Tesla Roadster is sold in the US and Europe and has a range of 245 miles per charge.
Most of the running cost of an electric vehicle can be attributed to the maintenance and replacement of the battery pack because an electric vehicle has only around 5 moving parts in its motor, compared to a gasoline car that has hundreds of parts in its internal combustion engine. Electric cars have expensive batteries that must be replaced but otherwise incur very low maintenance costs, particularly in the case of current Lithium based designs.
To calculate the cost per kilometer of an electric vehicle it is therefore necessary to assign a monetary value to the wear incurred on the battery. This can be difficult due to the fact that it will have a slightly lower capacity each time it is charged and is only considered to be at the end of its life when the owner decides its performance is no longer acceptable. Even then an 'end of life' battery is not completely worthless as it can be re-purposed, recycled or used as a spare.
Since a battery is made of many individual cells that do not necessarily wear evenly, periodically replacing the worst of them can retain the vehicle's range.
The Tesla Roadster's very large battery pack is expected to last seven years with typical driving and costs US$12,000 when pre-purchased today. Driving 40 miles (64 km) per day for seven years or 102,200 miles (164,500 km) leads to a battery consumption cost of US$0.1174 per 1 mile (1.6 km) or US$4.70 per 40 miles (64 km). The company Better Place provides another cost comparison as they anticipate meeting contractual obligations to deliver batteries as well as clean electricity to recharge the batteries at a total cost of US$0.08 per 1 mile (1.6 km) in 2010, US$0.04 per mile by 2015 and US$0.02 per mile by 2020. 40 miles (64 km) of driving would initially cost US$3.20 and fall over time to US$0.80.
In 2010 the U.S. government estimated that a battery with a 100 miles (160 km) range would cost about US$33,000. Concerns remain about durability and longevity of the battery.
Nissan estimates that the Leaf's 5 year operating cost will be US$1,800 versus US$6,000 for a gasoline car. The documentary film Who Killed the Electric Car? shows a comparison between the parts that require replacement in a gasoline powered cars and EV1s, with the garages stating that they bring the electric cars in every 5,000 mi (8,000 km), rotate the tires, fill the windshield washer fluid and send them back out again.
Electricity vs. hydrocarbon fuel
"Fuel" cost comparison: the Tesla Roadster sport car's plug-to-wheel energy use is 280 W·h/mi. In Northern California, the local electric utility company PG&E says that "The E-9 rate is mandatory for those customers that are currently on a residential electric rate and who plan on refueling an EV on their premises." Combining these two facts implies that driving a Tesla Roadster 40 miles (64 km) a day would use 11.2 kW·h of electricity costing between US$0.56 and US$3.18 depending on the time of day chosen for recharging. For comparison, driving an internal combustion engine-powered car the same 40 miles (64 km), at a mileage of 25 miles per US gallon (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg-imp), would use 1.6 US gallons (6.1 l; 1.3 imp gal) of fuel and, at a cost of US$4 per 1 US gallon (3.8 l; 0.83 imp gal), would cost US$6.40.
The Tesla Roadster uses about 17.4 kW·h/100 km (0.63 MJ/km; 0.280 kW·h/mi), the EV1 used about 11 kW·h/100 km (0.40 MJ/km; 0.18 kW·h/mi). Other electric vehicles such as the Nissan Leaf are quoted at 21.25 kW·h/100 km (0.765 MJ/km; 0.3420 kW·h/mi) by the US Environmental Protection Agency. These differences reflect the different design and utility targets for the vehicles, and the varying testing standards. The actual energy use is greatly dependent on the actual driving conditions and driving style.
Range and refuelling time
Cars with internal combustion engines can be considered to have indefinite range, as they can be refuelled very quickly almost anywhere. Electric cars often have less maximum range on one charge than cars powered by fossil fuels, and they can take considerable time to recharge. This is a reason that many automakers marketed EVs as "daily drivers" suitable for city trips and other short hauls. The average American drives less than 40 miles (64 km) per day; so the GM EV1 would have been adequate for the daily driving needs of about 90% of U.S. consumers. Nevertheless, people can be concerned that they would run out of energy from their battery before reaching their destination, a worry known as range anxiety.
The Tesla Roadster can travel 245 miles (394 km) per charge; more than double that of prototypes and evaluation fleet cars currently on the roads. The Roadster can be fully recharged in about 3.5 hours from a 220-volt, 70-amp outlet which can be installed in a home.
One way automakers can extend the short range of electric vehicles is by building them with battery switch technology. An EV with battery switch technology and a 100 miles (160 km) driving range will be able to go to a battery switch station and switch a depleted battery with a fully charged one in 59.1 seconds giving the EV an additional 100 miles (160 km) driving range. The process is cleaner and faster than filling a tank with gasoline and the driver remains in the car the entire time, but because of the high investment cost, its economics are unclear. As of late 2010 there are only 2 companies with plans to integrate battery switching technology to their electric 2010 and announced a commitment to open four battery switch stations in California, USA.
Another way is the installation of DC Fast Charging stations with high-speed charging capability from three-phase industrial outlets so that consumers could recharge the 100 mile battery of their electric vehicle to 80 percent in about 30 minutes. A nationwide fast charging infrastructure is currently being deployed in the US that by 2013 will cover the entire nation. DC Fast Chargers are going to be installed at 45 BP and ARCO locations and will be made available to the public as early as March 2011. The EV Project will deploy charge infrastructure in 16 cities and major metropolitan areas in six states. Nissan has announced that 200 of its dealers in Japan will install fast chargers for the December 2010 launch of its Leaf EV, with the goal of having fast chargers everywhere in Japan within a 25 mile radius.
In July 2011, there are hints that Whole Foods, Walmart, etc. will be adding various charging stations.
Air pollution and carbon emissions
Sources of electricity in the U.S. in 2009.
Electric cars contribute to cleaner air in cities because they produce no harmful pollution at the tailpipe from the onboard source of power, such as particulates (soot), volatile organic compounds, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, ozone, lead, and various oxides of nitrogen. The clean air benefit is usually local because, depending on the source of the electricity used to recharge the batteries, air pollutant emissions are shifted to the location of the generation plants. The amount of carbon dioxide emitted depends on the emission intensity of the power source used to charge the vehicle, the efficiency of the said vehicle and the energy wasted in the charging process.
For mains electricity the emission intensity varies significantly per country and within a particular country it will vary depending on demand, the availability of renewable sources and the efficiency of the fossil fuel-based generation used at a given time. Charging a vehicle using off-grid renewable energy yields very low carbon intensity (only that to produce and install the off-grid generation system e.g. domestic wind turbine).
An EV recharged from the existing US grid electricity emits about 115 grams of CO2 per kilometer driven (6.5 oz(CO2)/mi), whereas a conventional US-market gasoline powered car emits 250 g(CO2)/km (14 oz(CO2)/mi) (most from its tailpipe, some from the production and distribution of gasoline). The savings are questionable relative to hybrid or diesel cars (according to official British government testing, the most efficient European market cars are well below 115 grams of CO2 per kilometer driven, although a study in Scotland gave 149.5gCO2/km as the average for new cars in the UK), but would be more significant in countries with cleaner electric infrastructure. In a worst-case scenario where incremental electricity demand would be met exclusively with coal, a 2009 study conducted by the World Wide Fund for Nature and IZES found that a mid-size EV would emit roughly 200 g(CO2)/km (11 oz(CO2)/mi), compared with an average of 170 g(CO2)/km (9.7 oz(CO2)/mi) for a gasoline-powered compact car. This study concluded that introducing 1 million EV cars to Germany would, in the best-case scenario, only reduce CO2 emissions by 0.1%, if nothing is done to upgrade the electricity infrastructure or manage demand.
In France, which has a clean energy grid, CO2 emissions from electric car use would be about 12g per kilometer.
A study made in the UK in 2008 concluded that electric vehicles had the potential to cut down carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40%, even taking into account the emissions due to current electricity generation in the UK and emissions relating to the production and disposal of electric vehicles.
A 2011 report prepared by Ricardo found that hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrids and all-electric cars generate more carbon emissions during their production than current conventional vehicles, but still have a lower overall carbon footprint over the full life cycle. The initial higher carbon footprint is due mainly to battery production. As an example, the study estimated that 43 percent of production emissions for a mid-size electric car are generated from the battery production.
Acceleration and drivetrain design
Electric motors can provide high power-to-weight ratios, and batteries can be designed to supply the large currents to support these motors.
Although some electric vehicles have very small motors, 15 kW (20 hp) or less and therefore have modest acceleration, many electric cars have large motors and brisk acceleration. In addition, the relatively constant torque of an electric motor, even at very low speeds tends to increase the acceleration performance of an electric vehicle relative to that of the same rated motor power internal combustion engine. Another early solution was American Motors' experimental Amitron piggyback system of batteries with one type designed for sustained speeds while a different set boosted acceleration when needed.
Electric vehicles can also use a direct motor-to-wheel configuration which increases the amount of available power. Having multiple motors connected directly to the wheels allows for each of the wheels to be used for both propulsion and as braking systems, thereby increasing traction. In some cases, the motor can be housed directly in the wheel, such as in the Whispering Wheel design, which lowers the vehicle's center of gravity and reduces the number of moving parts. When not fitted with an axle, differential, or transmission, electric vehicles have less drivetrain rotational inertia. However, housing the motor within the wheel can increase the unsprung weight of the wheel, which can have an adverse effect on the handling of the vehicle.
A gearless or single gear design in some EVs eliminates the need for gear shifting, giving such vehicles both smoother acceleration and smoother braking. Because the torque of an electric motor is a function of current, not rotational speed, electric vehicles have a high torque over a larger range of speeds during acceleration, as compared to an internal combustion engine. As there is no delay in developing torque in an EV, EV drivers report generally high satisfaction with acceleration.
The disadvantage of providing high acceleration by high torque from the motor is lowered efficiency due to higher losses in the form of Joule heating in the motor windings caused by the high electric current. This energy loss increases fourfold as the input current is doubled, so the practical limit for sustained torque from an electric motor depends on how well it can be cooled during operation. There is always a compromise between torque and energy efficiency. This limits the top speed of electric vehicles operating on a single gear due to the need to limit the required torque and maintain efficiency at low vehicle speeds.
For example, the Venturi Fetish delivers supercar acceleration despite a relatively modest 220 kW (295 hp), and top speed of around 160 km/h (100 mph). Some DC motor-equipped drag racer EVs, have simple two-speed manual transmissions to improve top speed. The Tesla Roadster 2.5 Sport can accelerate from 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 3.7 seconds with a motor rated at 215 kW (288 hp).
Also the Wrightspeed X1 prototype created by Wrightspeed Inc is the worlds fastest street legal electric car. With an acceleration of 0-60 mph in 2.9 seconds the X1 has bested some of the worlds fastest sports cars.
Energy efficiency
Production and conversion electric cars typically use 10 to 23 kW·h/100 km (0.17 to 0.37 kW·h/mi). Approximately 20% of this power consumption is due to inefficiencies in charging the batteries. Tesla Motors indicates that the vehicle efficiency (including charging inefficiencies) of their lithium-ion battery powered vehicle is 12.7 kW·h/100 km (0.21 kW·h/mi) and the well-to-wheels efficiency (assuming the electricity is generated from natural gas) is 24.4 kW·h/100 km (0.39 kW·h/mi).
The safety issues of BEVs are largely dealt with by the international standard ISO 6469. This document is divided in three parts dealing with specific issues:
- On-board electrical energy storage, i.e. the battery
- Functional safety means and protection against failures
- Protection of persons against electrical hazards.
Risk of fire
Frontal crash test of a Volvo C30 DRIVe Electric to assess the safety of the battery pack.
In the United States, General Motors run in several cities a training program for firefighters and first responders to demonstrate the sequence of tasks required to safely disable the Chevrolet Volt's powertrain and its 12 volt electrical system, which controls its high-voltage components, and then proceed to extricate injured occupants. The Volt's high-voltage system is designed to shut down automatically in the event of an airbag deployment, and to detect a loss of communication from an airbag control module. GM also made available an Emergency Response Guide for the 2011 Volt for use by emergency responders. The guide also describes methods of disabling the high voltage system and identifies cut zone information. Nissan also published a guide for first responders that details procedures for handling a damaged 2011 Leaf at the scene of an accident, including a manual high-voltage system shutdown, rather than the automatic process built-in the car's safety systems. As of December 2011, no fires after a crash have been reported in the U.S. associated with the Volt, the Leaf or the Tesla Roadster.
As a result of a crashed tested Chevolet Volt that caught fire in June 2011 three weeks after the testing, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration ( NHTSA) issued an statement saying that the agency does not believe the Volt or other electric vehicles are at a greater risk of fire than gasoline-powered vehicles. "In fact, all vehicles – both electric and gasoline-powered – have some risk of fire in the event of a serious crash." The NHTSA announced in November 2011 that it was working with all automakers to develop postcrash procedures to keep occupants of electric vehicles and emergency personnel who respond to crash scenes safe. General Motors said the fire would have been avoided if GM's protocols for deactivating the battery after the crash had been followed, and also stated that they "are working with other vehicle manufacturers, first responders, tow truck operators, and salvage associations with the goal of implementing industrywide protocols."
In further testing of the Volt's batteries carried out by NHTSA in November 2011, two of the three tests resulted in thermal events, including fire. Therefore the NHTSA opened a formal safety defect investigation on November 25, 2011, to examine the potential risks involved from intrusion damage to the battery in the Chevrolet Volt. As opposed to the Volt's battery, the Nissan Leaf's pack is shielded from damage by a layer of steel reinforcement. Also, Nissan clarified that the Nissan Leaf, unlike the Volt, has an air cooled battery pack that does not required to be depowered after a crash. The Leaf was designed with a battery safety systems that is activated in a crash that involves the airbags. The airbag control unit sends a signal mechanically to the battery and disconnects the high voltage from the vehicle. Both the Tesla Roadster and the Ford Focus Electric have liquid-cooling systems, and the Focus battery is enclosed in a steel case. After the initial Volt fire, the NHTSA examined the Leaf and other electric vehicles and said its testing "has not raised safety concerns about vehicles other than the Chevy Volt."
On January 5, 2012, General Motors announced that it would offer a customer satisfaction program to provide modifications to the Chevrolet Volt to reduce the chance that the battery pack could catch fire days or weeks after a severe accident. General Motors explained the modifications will enhance the vehicle structure that surround the battery and the battery coolant system to improve battery protection after a severe crash. The safety enhancements consist of strengthen an existing portion of the Volt's vehicle safety structure to further protect the battery pack in a severe side collision; add a sensor in the reservoir of the battery coolant system to monitor coolant levels; and add a tamper-resistant bracket to the top of the battery coolant reservoir to help prevent potential coolant overfill. On January 20, 2012, the NHTSA closed the Volt's safety defect investigation related to post-crash fire risk. The agency concluded concluded that "no discernible defect trend exists" and also found that the modifications recently developed by General Motors are sufficient to reduce the potential for battery intrusion resulting from side impacts. The NHTSA also said that "based on the available data, NHTSA does not believe that Chevy Volts or other electric vehicles pose a greater risk of fire than gasoline-powered vehicles." The agency also announced it has developed interim guidance to increase awareness and identify appropriate safety measures regarding electric vehicles for the emergency response community, law enforcement officers, tow truck operators, storage facilities and consumers.
All 12,400 Chevrolet Volts produced until December 2011, including all Amperas in stock at European dealerships, will receive the safety enhacements. Since production was halted during the holidays, the enhacements will be in place when production resumes in early 2012. Sales will continue and dealers will modified the Volts they have in stock, either before or after they are sold. General Motors sent a letter to Volt owners indicating that Chevrolet will contact them with more details about the service effort scheduled to begin in February 2012.
In December 2011, Fisker recalled the first 239 Karmas delivered to the U.S. due to a risk of battery fire caused by coolant leak. Of the 239 cars, less than fifty have been delivered to customers, the rest were in dealerships. In the report filed by Fisker Automotive with the NHTSA, the carmaker said some hose clamps were not properly positioned, which could allow a coolant leak and an electrical short could possibly occur if coolant enters the battery compartment, causing a thermal event within the battery, including a possible fire.
Vehicle safety
Great effort is taken to keep the mass of an electric vehicle as low as possible to improve its range and endurance. However, the weight and bulk of the batteries themselves usually makes an EV heavier than a comparable gasoline vehicle, reducing range and leading to longer braking distances; it also has less interior space. However, in a collision, the occupants of a heavy vehicle will, on average, suffer fewer and less serious injuries than the occupants of a lighter vehicle; therefore, the additional weight brings safety benefits despite having a negative effect on the car's performance. An accident in a 2,000 lb (900 kg) vehicle will on average cause about 50% more injuries to its occupants than a 3,000 lb (1,400 kg) vehicle. In a single car accident, and for the other car in a two car accident, the increased mass causes an increase in accelerations and hence an increase in the severity of the accident. Some electric cars use low rolling resistance tires, which typically offer less grip than normal tires. Many electric cars have a small, light and fragile body, though, and therefore offer inadequate safety protection. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety in America had condemned the use of low speed vehicles and "mini trucks," referred to as neighborhood electric vehicles (NEVs) when powered by electric motors, on public roads.
Hazard to pedestrians
At low speeds, electric cars produced less roadway noise as compared to vehicles propelled by internal combustion engines. Blind people or the visually impaired consider the noise of combustion engines a helpful aid while crossing streets, hence electric cars and hybrids could pose an unexpected hazard. Tests have shown that this is a valid concern, as vehicles operating in electric mode can be particularly hard to hear below 20 mph (30 km/h) for all types of road users and not only the visually impaired. At higher speeds, the sound created by tire friction and the air displaced by the vehicle start to make sufficient audible noise.
The US Congress and the Government of Japan passed legislation to regulate the minimum level of sound for hybrids and plug-in electric vehicles when operating in electric mode, so that blind people and other pedestrians and cyclists can hear them coming and detect from which direction they are approaching. The Nissan Leaf is the first electric car to use Nissan's Vehicle Sound for Pedestrians system, which includes one sound for forward motion and another for reverse.
Differences in controls
Presently most EV manufacturers do their best to emulate the driving experience as closely as possible to that of a car with a conventional automatic transmission that motorists are familiar with. Most models therefore have a PRNDL selector traditionally found in cars with automatic transmission despite the underlying mechanical differences. Push buttons are the easiest to implement as all modes are implemented through software on the vehicle's controller.
Even though the motor may be permanently connected to the wheels through a fixed-ratio gear and no parking pawl may be present the modes "P" and "N" will still be provided on the selector. In this case the motor is disabled in "N" and an electrically actuated handbrake provides the "P" mode.
In some cars the motor will spin slowly to provide a small amount of creep in "D", similar to a traditional automatic.
When the foot is lifted from the accelerator of an ICE, engine braking causes the car to slow. An EV would coast under these conditions, and applying mild regenerative braking instead provides a more familiar response. Selecting the L mode will increase this effect for sustained downhill driving, analogous to selecting a lower gear.
Cabin heating and cooling
Electric vehicles generate very little waste heat and resistance electric heat may have to be used to heat the interior of the vehicle if heat generated from battery charging/discharging can not be used to heat the interior.
While heating can be simply provided with an electric resistance heater, higher efficiency and integral cooling can be obtained with a reversible heat pump (this is currently implemented in the hybrid Toyota Prius). Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) junction cooling is also attractive for its simplicity — this kind of system is used for example in the Tesla Roadster.
Some electric cars, for example the Citroën Berlingo Electrique, use an auxiliary heating system (for example gasoline-fueled units manufactured by Webasto or Eberspächer) but sacrifice "green" and "Zero emissions" credentials. Cabin cooling can be augmented with solar power, most simply and effectively by inducting outside air to avoid extreme heat buildup when the vehicle is closed and parked in the sunlight (such cooling mechanisms are available as aftermarket kits for conventional vehicles). Two models of the 2010 Toyota Prius include this feature as an option.
Prototypes of 75 watt-hour/kilogram lithium-ion polymer battery. Newer lithium-ion cells can provide up to 130 W·h/kg and last through thousands of charging cycles.
Finding the economic balance of range against performance, energy density, and accumulator type versus cost challenges every EV manufacturer.
While most current highway-speed electric vehicle designs focus on lithium-ion and other lithium-based variants a variety of alternative batteries can also be used. Lithium based batteries are often chosen for their high power and energy density but have a limited shelf-life and cycle lifetime which can significantly increase the running costs of the vehicle. Variants such as Lithium iron phosphate and Lithium-titanate attempt to solve the durability issues with traditional lithium-ion batteries.
Other battery technologies include:
- Lead acid batteries are still the most used form of power for most of the electric vehicles used today. The initial construction costs are significantly lower than for other battery types, and while power output to weight is poorer than other designs, range and power can be easily added by increasing the number of batteries.
- NiCd – Largely superseded by NiMH
- Nickel metal hydride (NiMH)
- Nickel iron battery – Known for its comparatively long lifetime and low power density
Several battery technologies are also in development such as:
- Zinc-air battery
- Molten salt battery
- Zinc-bromine flow batteries or Vanadium redox batteries can be refilled, instead of recharged, saving time. The depleted electrolyte can be recharged at the point of exchange, or taken away to a remote station.
Travel range before recharging
The range of an electric car depends on the number and type of batteries used. The weight and type of vehicle, and the performance demands of the driver, also have an impact just as they do on the range of traditional vehicles. The range of an electric vehicle conversion depends on the battery type:
The Renault Fluence Z.E. will be the first electric car within the Better Place network, with sales scheduled to begin in Israel and Denmark by late 2011.
An alternative to quick recharging is to exchange the drained or nearly drained batteries (or battery range extender modules) with fully charged batteries, similar to how stagecoach horses were changed at coaching inns. Batteries could be leased or rented instead of bought, and then maintenance deferred to the leasing or rental company, and ensures availability.
Renault announced at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show that they have sponsored a network of charging stations and plug-in plug-out battery swap stations. Other vehicle manufacturers and companies are also investigating the possibility.
Replaceable batteries were used in the electric buses at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
Vehicle-to-grid: uploading and grid buffering
A Smart grid allows BEVs to provide power to the grid, specifically:
- During peak load periods, when the cost of electricity can be very high. These vehicles can then be recharged during off-peak hours at cheaper rates while helping to absorb excess night time generation. Here the batteries in the vehicles serve as a distributed storage system to buffer power.
- During blackouts, as an emergency backup supply.
Battery life should be considered when calculating the extended cost of ownership, as all batteries eventually wear out and must be replaced. The rate at which they expire depends on the type of battery technology and how they are used — many types of batteries are damaged by depleting them beyond a certain level. Lithium-ion batteries degrade faster when stored at higher temperatures.
The future of battery electric vehicles depends primarily upon the cost and availability of batteries with high specific energy, power density, and long life, as all other aspects such as motors, motor controllers, and chargers are fairly mature and cost-competitive with internal combustion engine components. Diarmuid O'Connell, VP of Business Development at Tesla Motors, estimates that by the year 2020 30% of the cars driving on the road will be battery electric or plug-in hybrid.
Nissan CEO Carlos Ghosn has predicted that one in 10 cars globally will run on battery power alone by 2020. Additionally a recent report claims that by 2020 electric cars and other green cars will take a third of the total of global car sales.
It is estimated that there are sufficient lithium reserves to power 4 billion electric cars.
Other methods of energy storage
Experimental supercapacitors and flywheel energy storage devices offer comparable storage capacity, faster charging, and lower volatility. They have the potential to overtake batteries as the preferred rechargeable storage for EVs. The FIA included their use in its sporting regulations of energy systems for Formula One race vehicles in 2007 (for supercapacitors) and 2009 (for flywheel energy storage devices).
Solar cars
Solar cars are electric cars that derive most or all of their electricity from built in solar panels. After the 2005 World Solar Challenge established that solar race cars could exceed highway speeds, the specifications were changed to provide for vehicles that with little modification could be used for transportation.
Charging station at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This station is run by Petrobras and uses solar energy.
Batteries in BEVs must be periodically recharged (see also Replacing, above).
Unlike vehicles powered by fossil fuels, BEVs are most commonly and conveniently charged from the power grid overnight at home, without the inconvenience of having to go to a filling station. Charging can also be done using a street or shop charging station.
The electricity on the grid is in turn generated from a variety of sources; such as coal, hydroelectricity, nuclear and others. Power sources such as roof top photovoltaic solar cell panels, micro hydro or wind may also be used and are promoted because of concerns regarding global warming.
Regenerative braking
Using regenerative braking, a feature which is present on many hybrid electric vehicles, approximately 20% of the energy usually lost in the brakes is recovered to recharge the batteries.
Charging time
Smart ED charging from a Level 2 station
More electrical power to the car reduces charging time. Power is limited by the capacity of the grid connection, and, for level 1 and 2 charging, by the power rating of the car's on-board charger. A normal household outlet is between 1.5 kW (in the US, Canada, Japan, and other countries with 110 volt supply) to 3 kW (in countries with 230V supply). The main connection to a house may sustain 10, 15 or even 20 kW in addition to "normal" domestic loads – though it would be unwise to use all the apparent capability – and special wiring can be installed to use this. As examples of on-board chargers, the Nissan Leaf at launch has a 3.3 kW charger and the Tesla Roadster appears to accept 16.8 kW (240V at 70A) from the Tesla Home Connector. These power numbers are small compared to the effective power delivery rate of an average petrol pump, about 5,000 kW. Even if the electrical supply power can be increased, most batteries do not accept charge at greater than their charge rate ("1C"), because high charge rates have an adverse effect on the discharge capacities of batteries. Despite these power limitations, plugging in to even the least-powerful conventional home outlet provides more than 15 kilowatt-hours of energy overnight, sufficient to propel most electric cars more than 70 kilometres (43 mi) (see Energy efficiency above).
Faster charging
Some types of batteries such as Lithium-titanate, LiFePO4 and even certain NiMH variants can be charged almost to their full capacity in 10–20 minutes. Fast charging requires very high currents often derived from a three-phase power supply. Careful charge management is required to prevent damage to the batteries through overcharging.
Most people do not usually require fast recharging because they have enough time, six to eight hours (depending on discharge level) during the work day or overnight at home to recharge. BEV drivers frequently prefer recharging at home, avoiding the inconvenience of visiting a public charging station.
In the UK, the electricity supply is generally 240 Volts, and a domestic current is generally supplied at 13A. This means that power is supplied to electric vehicles at around 3.1 kW and takes most available electric cars around 8 hours to fully charge. Soon electric vehicles will be able to accept higher currents, and charging times will be reduced (this is already the case for some models, such as the Tesla Roadster)
Hobbyists, conversions, and racing
Eliica prototype
The full electric Formula Student car of the Eindhoven University of Technology
Hobbyists often build their own EVs by converting existing production cars to run solely on electricity. There is a cottage industry supporting the conversion and construction of BEVs by hobbyists.[154] Universities such as the University of California, Irvine even build their own custom electric or hybrid-electric cars from scratch.
Short-range battery electric vehicles can offer the hobbyist comfort, utility, and quickness, sacrificing only range. Short-range EVs may be built using high-performance lead–acid batteries, using about half the mass needed for a 100 to 130 km (60 to 80 mi) range. The result is a vehicle with about a 50 km (30 mi) range, which, when designed with appropriate weight distribution (40/60 front to rear), does not require power steering, offers exceptional acceleration in the lower end of its operating range, and is freeway capable and legal. But their EVs are expensive due to the higher cost for these higher-performance batteries. By including a manual transmission, short-range EVs can obtain both better performance and greater efficiency than the single-speed EVs developed by major manufacturers. Unlike the converted golf carts used for neighborhood electric vehicles, short-range EVs may be operated on typical suburban throughways (where 60–80 km/h / 35-50 mph speed limits are typical) and can keep up with traffic typical on such roads and the short "slow-lane" on-and-off segments of freeways common in suburban areas.
Faced with chronic fuel shortage on the Gaza Strip, Palestinian electrical engineer Waseem Othman al-Khozendar invented in 2008 a way to convert his car to run on 32 electric batteries. According to al-Khozendar, the batteries can be charged with US$2 worth of electricity to drive from 180 to 240 km (110 to 150 mi). After a 7-hour charge, the car should also be able to run up to a speed of 100 km/h (60 mph).
Japanese Professor Hiroshi Shimizu from Faculty of Environmental Information of the Keio University created an electric limousine: the Eliica (Electric Lithium-Ion Car) has eight wheels with electric 55 kW hub motors (8WD) with an output of 470 kW and zero emissions, a top speed of 370 km/h (230 mph), and a maximum range of 320 km (200 mi) provided by lithium-ion batteries. However, current models cost approximately US$300,000, about one third of which is the cost of the batteries.
In 2008, several Chinese manufacturers began marketing lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries directly to hobbyists and vehicle conversion shops. These batteries offered much better power-to-weight ratios allowing vehicle conversions to typically achieve 75 to 150 mi (120 to 240 km) per charge. Prices gradually declined to approximately US$350 per kW·h by mid 2009. As the LiFePO4 cells feature life ratings of 3,000 cycles, compared to typical lead acid battery ratings of 300 cycles, the life expectancy of LiFePO4 cells is around 10 years. This has led to a resurgence in the number of vehicles converted by individuals. LiFePO4 cells do require more expensive battery management and charging systems than lead acid batteries.
Electric drag racing is a sport where electric vehicles start from standstill and attempt the highest possible speed over a short given distance. Organizations such as NEDRA keep track of records world wide using certified equipment.
Currently available electric cars
Norway has the largest electric car ownership per capita in the world. Shown a Tesla Roadster, a REVAi and a Th!nk City at a free parking and charging station in Oslo.
Highway capable
As of early 2012 the number of mass production highway-capable models available in the market is limited. Most electric vehicles in the world roads are low-speed, low-range neighborhood electric vehicles, led by the Global Electric Motorcars (GEM) vehicles, which as of December 2010 had sold more than 45,000 units worldwide since 1998. As of December 2011, the world's top selling highway-capable electric cars are the Nissan Leaf, with more than 21,000 units sold worldwide through December 2011, and the Mitsubishi i-MiEV, with global cumulative sales of more than 17,000 units through October 2011. The i MiEV sales include units rebadged in France as Peugeot iOn and Citroën C-ZERO for sale in Europe.
The GEM neighborhood electric vehicle is the world's top selling electric vehicle, with 45,000 units sold through 2010.
As of December 2011, Japan and the United States are the largest highway-capable electric car markets in the world, followed by several European countries. In Japan, more than 13,000 electric cars have been sold by November 2011, including more than 8,000 Leafs and 5,000 i-MiEVs. In the U.S. electric car sales are led by the Nissan Leaf with 9,693 units sold through December 2011. As of December 2011, Norway had 5,532 registered electric cars, the largest fleet of PEVs in Europe and the largest EV ownweship per capita in the world. A total of 5,579 electric vehicles were sold in China during 2011, including passenger and commercial vehicles.
A total of 2,240 cars were sold in Norway during 2011, up from 722 in 2010. Sales in 2011 were led by the Mitsubishi i-MiEV family with 1,477 electric cars including 1,050 i-MiEVs, 217 Peugeot iOns and 210 Citroën C-Zeros. A total of 2,630 electric cars were registered in France in 2011, up from 184 units in 2010. Also during 2010, around 1,200 non highway-capable PEVs were sold in the French market, including 406 heavy quadricycles and 796 utility vehicles. Sales in the French market for 2011 were led by the Citroën C-Zero with 645 units followed by the Peugeot iOns with 639 vehicles, and the Bolloré Blue Car with 399 electric cars. Germany had 2,307 electric car registered by January 1, 2011, and a total of 1,808 vehicles were sold through November 2011. Since 2006 a total of 1,096 electric cars have been registered in the U.K. through December 2010, and a total of 1,082 units were sold during 2011, up from 138 units in 2010. A total of 314 electric cars have been registered in Spain through November 2011, 314 in Austria, 283 in Denmark, 269 in the Netherlands, 111 in Sweden and 103 in Italy through June 2011.
Nissan Leaf at a designated parking space reserved for electric cars
There are also several pre-production models and plug-in conversions of existing internal combustion engine models undergoing field trials or are part of demonstration programs, such as the BMW ActiveE, Volvo C30 DRIVe Electric, Ford Focus Electric, and the RAV4 EV second generation.


text:
Zoe Damianos, a sixth-grader at Meiners Oaks Elementary School, was recently named the Rotary Club's Physical Education Project Award winner. Damianos is described as a well-rounded student who excels in every academic subject. Her teacher, Teresa Lessing, said, "She is a natural, gifted athlete who excels at running, exercising and competitive games. She challenges herself to be the best that she can be and continues to improve. She is always willing to be a team player but never asks to be first or call attention to herself. She is supportive of others and a positive role model to all students." Damianos also excels on the softball diamond.
© Ojai Valley News, 2014

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Zubar ready to leave l'OM
Wolves target Ronald Zubar has told skysports.com that he is set to leave Marseille this summer.
By Giscard Gourizro
Last Updated: 10/06/09 9:39am
Wolves target Ronald Zubar has told skysports.com that he is set to leave Marseille this summer.
The 23-year-old Guadeloupe-born stopper joined l'OM in 2006 from Caen with a huge reputation.
Zubar was heralded as one of the best young players in France when he moved to Stade Velodrome and a host of clubs from around the continent were chasing him.
However, he is now being linked with a move to England with Premier League new boys Wolves reported to be close to sealing a £2million deal.
Zubar admits his time at Marseille looks to be coming to an end, although he insisted he knows nothing about his proposed move to Wolves.
"I am available as I am not in the plans of the manager, apparently some fans don't like me here," he told skysports.com.
"However, I still have a contract but to play in the Premier League would be a dream come true.
"It is a top league with top strikers from all over the world playing in it.
"So let's wait, but on Wolves? I don't want to say anything because I don't know anything."
It is claimed in both France and England that Zubar will seal a move to Molineux in the next week.


text:
Sing and Dance with Barney Trailer (1999)
12 January 1999 Family 55 mins
Come celebrate with Barney(tm) as he plans a very special sing-along party and invites many of his friends, old and new! The group enjoys singing their all-time favorites while being transported to Tee-riffic places such as a farm, a campsite in the woods and a storybook land. This is a celebration no Barney fan will want to miss!
Watch the official Sing and Dance with Barney 1999 trailer in HD below or find more Sing and Dance with Barney videos on Vidimovie.


text:
Millionday Friday Night News Part 1
Millionday news 6/13/2014 Part 1 Friday Night News With Millionday
[millionday] i wanted to show you the top summary first of what they wrote this is about
[millionday] LLN65 lol could you chnge your red hun for a few thanks sweety easy to confuse me lol
[millionday] here is the summary
[millionday] Within the trend to turn research output into products in the market
[millionday] note -- this is how a market economy grows and is the steps that take place in all countries to get the ball out first
[millionday] Fatlawi called specialists in economic affairs to develop strategies and projects commensurate with new factors in the trend towards a "knowledge economy" to turn the idea or the outputs of research into products (goods or services) in the market.
[millionday] recommended a number of economists in the symposium extended held by the Iraqi Institute for Economic Reform under the title «towards a prosperous economy in Iraq« collaboration with the Ministry of Science and Technology Administration of the President,
which advisers in the Council of Ministers and was attended by Thamer Ghadhban agent ministry d. Fouad and Dr. Kazem. Samir Al-Attar, along with Director General of the industrial R & D in the Ministry of Industry d. Appearance Sadiq al-Tamimi,
and a large number of researchers and those interested in economic affairs to form a point of national shall propose the outlines of a system of science, technology and innovation, highlighting its role in national development plans and the development of policies and strategies and
[millionday] note -- this would be a meeting for success in a market economy - PUT IRAQ ON THE MAP
[millionday] mechanisms for its implementation arguing the need to take the experiences of countries that have made quantum leaps in this area Kkoria South and Malaysia through the adoption of the state process material and moral support in the adoption of policies that science, technology and innovation in economic development.
[millionday] mechanisms for its implementation arguing the need to take the experiences of countries that have made quantum leaps in this area Kkoria South and Malaysia through the adoption of the state process material and moral support in the adoption of policies that science, technology and innovation in economic development.
[millionday] note -- see what i mean -- they want to develop technology and are talking about the economic development of course and how it will be successful within the MARKET
[millionday] governance business as provided recommendations on the need to be policies of science and technology, creativity and clear based on a national vision for these needs and priorities, based on a thorough knowledge of the potential available taking into consideration the reform of the governance sector Business and private organization and facilitate the work of economic institutions,
small and medium enterprises. strategies and mechanisms and conferees stressed the importance of the development of strategies and mechanisms, programs and projects commensurate with new factors in the move towards a knowledge economy
as well as focusing on the concept of «product development» to gain knowledge on how to convert the idea or the outputs of research into products (goods or services) in the market.
[millionday] note -- this is all about innovation through science and technology in their market
[millionday] this is the good part
[millionday] domestic product arguing the importance of shifting researchers in academic institutions and research with the applied field in the market, for the purpose of research in the knowledge content of the domestic product to gain access to the knowledge, techniques and other methods that lead to improve the product or find new products,
since it represents scientific communication of importance among scholars and Iraqi researchers with their counterparts regionally and globally. attract investors and pointed to the need to attract investors in the field of telecommunications infrastructure as a critical factor in the transfer of information
and spreading knowledge through the creation of appropriate environment and economic fundamentals and human resources in the process of attraction and orientation to encourage greater investment in the field of research and development,
[millionday] note -- if you had been held back for over ten years - you would want to hit the floor running too
[millionday] stressing the importance of the development of local knowledge and protection and promotion and dissemination as an important part of the knowledge economy, including the protection of intellectual property and to promote the dissemination and marketing of Actual scientific and patent locally and globally.
private sector conference also recommended the importance of supporting and developing the private sector in order to contribute directly in stimulating scientific research and provide facilities for him to invest in the areas of scientific research with the need to be encouraged to invest in the patent or the transfer of technology to ensure reduced import as well as the need to establish technology incubators and business incubators and working on sponsorship
[millionday] note -- AND PATENT LOCALLY AND GLOBALLY -- that is required for the sale of new products
[millionday] Lack of sufficient pipeline to transport oil through the provinces and the other of which was affected by the insurgency, perhaps one of the reasons that prompted the oil ministry to rely on road transport in the delivery of petroleum products through a civil competent companies in this regard.
On the other hand, there are doubts by the Ministry of Oil Agreement against civil companies by raising retail prices and quantities, which has paid to resort to the mechanisms of the Ministry of Transport to deliver the product.
For its part, considered carriers that prices set by the ministry does not fit with the current changes. The habit Hammadi, Director of the company distributing oil products "that most of the roads are well secured with often encounter difficulties in determining the prices."
Reliance on road transport in the delivery of petroleum products and grandfather Followers is necessary in the exposed pipe to frequent attacks, but go for the option of road transport requires securing the routes
[ROBINREDHED] golfmanone ILL ASK AGAIN I PROMISE
[golfmanone] TY
[millionday] so they are being secured very well and transpoting oil by truck to get it out and working on pipelines the kurds and iraq are working together in taking back order
[millionday] end of report robin
[millionday] MALIKI>>>>>>>>>>> 6/14/2014 0:00 Upon arrival to the city of Baghdad - Al-Sabah Prime Minister and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces Nouri al-Maliki, yesterday evening, to spend Samarra in Salahuddin province, and met with Governor Ahmed Abdullah al-Jubouri to discuss the restoration of security in areas of the province,
while the security source said that al-Maliki met with leadership of security in the city upon arrival. said Salahuddin Governor Ahmed Abdullah al-Jubouri, in a press statement:
[millionday] "Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki arrived in Samarra, to view the security situation in various regions of the province."
The Jubouri, that al-Maliki discussed with officials in the province of the judiciary and restore security for areas that tense security.
To this end, a security source in Salahuddin province, yesterday, that the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces Nouri al-Maliki met upon arrival leadership charged with protecting the security of the city and the governor of Salahuddin Ahmed Jubouri to assess the security situation in Samarra.
[millionday] NOW THAT WAS tonight for them - so if they jumped him -- it isnt reported in this yet
[Pablo] Has this mess put us behind?
[lstar877] You're in troooouuuble!
[millionday] this is political and violence in the middle east -- so i would say what they have planned for their economic reform and bring the NEW IRAQ out would not be put on hold --
Comments are closed.


text:
Teddy Roosevelt National Park
Medora Travel Blog› entry 1 of 18 › view all entries
I began my journey from Grand Forks, ND and wanted to drive as far as possible in the first day. I bought a National Park Pass, so to maximize its use, I stopped at Theodore Roosevelt N.P. in North Dakota. North Dakota is flat and dry throughout much of the state and I don't enjoy it. If you talk to a native North Dakotan, watch out! They vehemently defend their state! Once you get to the western side, things start to improve.
The Badlands are nice to drive through, and this park has a nice loop drive, too. So I drove the 35 mile loop and saw wild horses, bison, coyotes, and prairie dogs. I was excited to see a wild horse so near the road, usually they are up on the ridges and you don't get a good look at them. And then I had to share the road with a large bison! Usually I drive with my windows down, but being so close to him, I rolled them up for safety. You never know what they'll do. About halfway through the park, I realized I was driving on Empty and spent more time worrying if I'll make it to a gas station than actually enjoying the park. But I did make! The town of Medora is also known for its musical, although I've never seen it.
I camped in Montana the first night, and a couple nearby told me I had to drive the Oregon Coast. It wasn't orignally in my plans, since I was doing mostly geology stops and parks, but I decided to add it anyway.


text:
Through each step of the process of finding, facing, and using a quiet corner, you will learn a great deal about yourself. The first thing you might learn is how you deal with the process. While there is some instant gratification in three-part, three-breath breathing, most of the lasting and strengthening rewards of spending time in a quiet corner are gradual and subtle. An acceptance of this process will be necessary in order to enjoy the long-term promises.
Your individual approach and your idiosyncrasies will become apparent throughout the process. Remember that there is no right way to do this. Accept your way. If you circle your corner in procrastination before finally entering, accept this as your process. If you dip in and out before settling down, accept this as your process. Whatever your approach is, if it works for you, it's the right way.
Some of what you learn may not sit well, and you may practice denial as you struggle toward perfection. But we are in process here, not perfection. Many Native American works of art contain intentional flaws because of the belief that only the Creator can create perfection. Keep this in mind as you sit in the process. And practice acceptance.
The anticipation of an event is often more thrilling than the event itself. This knack that we all seem to have, of projecting, fantasizing, and distorting reality, may sometimes serve us well. But it can also be our undoing. The idea of spending time alone may elicit feelings of both fear and pleasure. We may look forward to time alone as a welcome and refreshing reprieve from our hectic lives. But if we take this thought one step further, we may feel some dread about this unstructured time alone, fearing that we won't know what to do. And this might just keep us from facing our quiet corner.
The simple answer here is this: Just don't think ahead. While this may sound impossible, it's not. While it may not be easy, it is simple. Go ahead and reserve your quiet-corner time; then relax and don't think about it again until you're in it. Trust yourself. You'll know what to do. Keep the pleasure and the terror at bay. Simply plan to be in your quiet corner without attaching emotion to the experience before the experience begins.
As you move along your quiet-corner path and learn not to project about your time spent there, you can transfer this new skill to other areas of your life. Plan your next vacation, but try not to predict exactly how you'll spend your days or how you'll feel at the end of the trip. Simply make your plans and show up for the magic. Do likewise with other social and work events.
Show up prepared, but be ready for anything. If you can do this, you will avoid disappointment and you will be open and available to the wonder of life and its magnificent treats and surprises.
As you perfect this skill, you will see how your previous behavior was limiting you and how this new behavior opens your world to an abundance of possibilities. While this is all very exciting, remember not to get excited until the excitement is upon you. Then it will be truly glorious and real
from Find a Quiet Corner – A Simple Guide to Self-Peace


text: I did a really stupid thing. Well I forgot I had some of my tiffany silver pieces on and went for a swim in the pool. When I came out I noticed they were all greyish and looked dull. At first I was like WTF? Then realized it was the chlorine in the pool. Is this fixable? I was thinking about sending them in to Tiffanys to get them 'fixed', not even knowing if it could be done. Then I remembered reading a post using some kind of cleaning polish for silver? Will this work? I read that it would work to make them shinier, but in my case they got really tarnished pretty badly. Where would this be available? Any particular kind that works best? Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated. TIA!


text:
Steve Jobs Quotes
Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish: 8 Quotes From Steve Jobs
Photo 2 of 8
On Following Your Passions
"If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on."
0previous images
-23more images


text:
Contact Us
Tefillin Explained
A brief treatise on the significance of this important Mitzvah, including some basic laws, prayers and diagrams.
In addition to a discussion of the profound effect tefillin have upon the mind and heart, this booklet also includes practical laws, detailed photographs, translations and transliterations of the appropriate blessings, plus the Shema prayer.
The Basic Laws and the order of Putting on the Tefillin.
The Blessings and Prayers; translated and transliterated
Start a Discussion
More in this section
Related Topics


text:
Corsair Memory XMS3 Classic 4GB DDR3 1333 Mhz CAS 9 Dual Channel Desktop
4GB (2x2GB) Corsair DDR3 XMS3 Classic, PC3-10666 (1333), Non-ECC Unbuffered, CAS 9-9-9-24, 1.50V
Scan code: LN27738 Manufacturer code: TW3X4G1333C9A Request call
£37.99Item currently awaiting an ETA
Pre order
Spend over £225 and Buy Now, Pay Later or spread the cost of your finance over 24-48 months with a 10% deposit.
Delivery options £5.48 By DPD DPD Delivered to your specified address. Receive SMS with one-hour delivery window. £4.79 Collect from local shops UPS and DPD Pickup Collect your parcel from your newsagents, petrol stations and convenience stores. Free Collect Instore Q-Collect Place your order online and collect from our Bolton store with Q-Collect. Weekend, timed and European delivery options are available at checkout ScanProtect protection ScanProtect Protect against installation damage for 28 days.More
Suggested alternatives
- 4GB (2x2GB) Corsair DDR3 Value PC3-10666 (1333) Non-ECC Unbuffered, CAS 9-9-9-24, 1.50V LN32202£34.99£5.48 NEXT DAY DELIVERYIn stock
Product Overview The Twin TW3X4G1333C9A is a 4096MByte matched pair of DDR3 SDRAM DIMMs. This part delivers outstanding performance in the latest generation of dual-channel DDR3-based motherboards. It has been tested extensively in multiple DDR3 motherboards to ensure compatibility and performance at its rated speed. This memory has been verified to operate at 1333MHz at low latencies of 9-9-9-24. Features • 4GB memory kit (2 x 2GB) for use with Dual Channel DDR3 systems
• 1333MHz
• Latency of 9-9-9-24, for reliability and performance
• XMS Heat Spreader
• Limited Lifetime Warranty
• 1333MHz
• Latency of 9-9-9-24, for reliability and performance
• XMS Heat Spreader
• Limited Lifetime Warranty
|4GB (2x2GB)
|Memory Model
|XMS3 Classic
|Max. Memory Channels Provided by Kit
|Dual (2)
|Memory Type
|Memory Type (ECC)
|Memory Type (R/U)
|UDIMM (Unbuffered)
|Memory Speed
|CAS Latency
|Validated Compatible with
|Heat Spreader
Additional Notes:
Please note your statutory rights are not affected.
For further information regarding Scan's warranty procedure please see our terms and conditions
- Duration:
- 999 months
- Type:
- Return to base
- RTB Period:
- 999 months
Manufacturer Contact Details
- Manufacturer:
- Scan
- Telephone:
- 0871 472 4747
Additional Notes:
Lifetime warranty, return to Scan subject to manufacturer's warranty.
This Warranty does not cover any damage due to accident, misuse, abuse or negligence & products whose serial numbers have been altered, removed or made illegible.
4GB (2x2GB) Corsair DDR3 XMS3 Classic, PC3-10666 (1333), Non-ECC Unbuffered, CAS 9-9-9-24, 1.50V is rated out of 5 by 4.
Rated 4 out of 5 by Rossosaurus from Good value for price Good quality for good price there's not really much else you can say for RAM.
Date published: 2014-03-31
Rated 5 out of 5 by VillageComputerServices from Don't get cheaper than these. I put these in all of my budget new builds, I sometime go for the more expensive Vengence but these are solid. Even on a budget PC, don't go for anything cheaper than these.
Date published: 2013-12-21
Rated 5 out of 5 by welwynman from Never let me down Excellent value and performance for the price. If you want good value, good performance memory and at a reasonable price, you cannot beat this one - just be sure you are buying to the right spec.
Date published: 2013-11-29
Rated 5 out of 5 by Stravs from Can't go wrong with Corsair What can I say... I think Corsair memory speaks for itself great memory and a great warranty also Corsair's legendary customer support.
Date published: 2013-10-11
Questions & Answers


text: All Courses Applying to Hull Accommodation Money Visit us Research Economics research degrees How to applyEconomics and Business Economics Looking for a funded PhD? Check our current PhD scholarship opportunities now! Visit our PhD scholarships page Our programmes The Hull University Business School offers MPhil and PhD research degrees in a number of research groups, including Economics. The MPhil requires two years full-time study. By the end of the programme you will have undertaken 360 credits worth of research, including both research specialist training and thesis preparation. At Hull, a credit is equivalent to 10 hours of study time. Our PhD is a three year full-time degree which requires a student to complete the equivalent of 540 credits worth of research, including both research specialist modules and research thesis preparation. PhD students have the opportunity to add to the sum of knowledge in their chosen field by producing an original piece of research. They are closely supported and given opportunities to travel and attend conferences. Economics has a strong research culture and an established reputation in several fields, notably applied microeconomics, international economics, economic development, macroeconomics, and environmental economics. Our active internal and external seminar programmes foster the overall research effort of staff. We are committed to raising the level and ambition of our research to world leading and international standards of excellence. The business school has a dedicated work room with cutting-edge facilities. PhD students have exclusive access to the Postgraduate Lounge in the newly refurbished Brynmor Jones Library, while all our postgraduate students can make us of facilities in the University's Graduate School. HUBS subscribes to a full range of professional business information services including Reuters Datastream, Reuters Thomson One, Bloomberg, Wharton Research Data Services, Bankscope and FAME. The Business School's full list of PhD titles include: PhD Accounting PhD Economics PhD Finance PhD Human Resource Management PhD Management PhD Marketing PhD Systems Science Research Our experts in the Economics research group welcome applications for postgraduate study across a broad range of topics. Please click on the links below for help with being matched up with a potential supervisor. Key research areas include: Analysing impacts of micro and macro economic policies on growth, poverty, redistribution, trade and efficiency and environment in allocation of resources; applied dynamic general equilibrium models and applied econometric techniques - Dr Keshab Bhattarai Agricultural economics, environmental economics, and development economics - Prof Jonathan Atkins Microeconomics, applied economics, and the economics of sport - Prof Stephen Dobson Labour economics and applied microeconometrics, including absenteeism from the workplace, duration modelling of labour market states, and the economics of earnings, employment and self-employment - Dr Mike Nolan International trade, development economics, as well as topics in political economy related to developing countries - Dr Zheng Wang Financial economics, international and EU economics, macroeconomics, economics for business, monetary policy, economic environment - Dr Raymond Swaray Admissions status Open for admission in 2018/19 Research options MPhil: 2 years (full-time) / 3 years (part-time) PhD: 4 years (full-time) / 7 years (part-time) Fees Home/EU: £4,195 (full-time) / £2,098 (part-time) Overseas: £12,800 (full-time) *Please note, the fees shown are for 2017/18 entry. The fees for 2018/19 have not yet been confirmed, and may increase. These fees are for all Economics research degrees research programmes on this page. For courses lasting more than one year, small annual increases may apply. For more information, please visit www.hull.ac.uk/money. The Postgraduate Training Scheme It is now widely recognised by employers, professional bodies and research funding agencies that specialist expertise alone is not sufficient preparation either for research or a subsequent career. With this in mind, the University of Hull requires all its postgraduate research students to follow a research training programme relating both to their particular field of study and to generic skills; for example, information technology and communication skills. Postgraduate Training Scheme Related courses MSc in Economics and Business Marketing research degrees Accounting and Finance research degrees Business and Management research degrees Hull Executive MBA (EMBA) Next steps Funding For information about bursaries and how to fund your studies see our money page, or take a look at our PhD scholarships page for specific funded PhD opportunities. Entry requirements For entry to either the MPhil or PhD programmes, applicants must meet the following criteria: A Masters degree with a sufficient research training element; or An excellent Honours degree with a significant research training element; or Significant other research credentials Applicants must submit a research proposal, which is a key element of the application. You are also required to provide the following: Transcripts and certificates for all academic qualifications Two good references, preferably academic A personal statement A CV or resume International students (language requirements) If you require a Tier 4 student visa to study or if your first language is not English you will be required to provide acceptable evidence of your English language proficiency level. This course requires IELTS 6.0 overall, with no less than 5.5 in each skill. For other English language proficiency qualifications acceptable by this University, please click here. If your English currently does not reach the University's required standard for this programme, you may be interested in one of our English language courses. Discover Economics is studied at the Hull University Business School (HUBS), a leading UK business school dedicated to the development of responsible leadership for a complex world. We are committed to achieving the very highest standards, highlighted in our multiple industry accreditations as well as our independent international accreditations such as AACSB, held by less than 5% of the world's 13,000 business programmes. Contact us firstname.lastname@example.com +44 (0)1482 466850 International enquiries


text:
GraphicRiver Health, Sports, Fitness Flyer Bundle | 198.1 MB
Graphics Files Included Photoshop PSD
Layered? Yes
Minimum Adobe CS Version CS
Print Dimensions 8.5x11
Save a Bundle of Cash – 4 Flyers (multiple variations) & 2 Business Card Designs
Health & Fitness Professional Flyers & Business Card PSD print templates designed to market and present your business, fitness center, fitness store, the best way possible. You can't go wrong with these flyers & fitness business cards.
These also work great as advertisements or magazine inlays.
4 designs with multiple variations – 8.5?11 inches + 2 Business Cards – 3.5?2 inches
Print Ready, CMYK , 300 DPI with .125 bleeds
100% editable + Option to add photo (each element sits on it's own layer)
Professional Multipurpose Design or Product Display Design
Well Organized Layers
Friendly Help file with Tips to get you on your way Free Fonts used are listed in the help file
View Individual Items:
Health & Fitness Pro
Ultimate Fitness
Trance Fitness
///// Photos in the preview image are used for display purposes and are not included in the main download file. /////
Mirror Links
GraphicRiver Health, Sports, Fitness Flyer Bundle Fast Download via Rapidshare Hotfile Fileserve Filesonic Megaupload, GraphicRiver Health, Sports, Fitness Flyer Bundle Torrents and Emule Download or anything related.


text:
February was my 7th month of travel.
Mumbai --> departed India on an Emirates Airline flight to Johannesburg, South Africa --> overland bus travel to Cape Town --> overland bus to Stellenbosch in the Cape Winelands region --> overland bus to Durban --> overland bus travel via Swaziland to Maputo, Mozambique --> overland bus travel to Tofo Beach in the Inhambane province, Mozambique --> overland bus travel to Maputo --> overland bus to Johannesburg
Please check this space soon for a few posts about my experiences in South Africa and Mozambique. Honestly, I know I've been a shitty blogger regarding my world travels. However, I know I must write about my experiences in Southern Africa.


text:
Peanut Butter Chocolate Overnight Oats
One of my FAVORITE foods to eat is Oatmeal!! Ok and chocolate and peanut butter are two of the others. So peanut butter chocolate oatmeal is one of my favorites to eat! I eat oatmeal almost everyday and the best part about it is you don't even have to spend those 5-10 minutes cooking it! Overnight Oats are one of my favorite discoveries and I make enough for the week, store it in a mason jar, and dish it out to eat it!
I used Old Fashioned Oats this time but you CAN use steel cut oats as well (see recipe adjustments below!) Either one is amazing!
Ingredients (Makes 4, 1/2 cup servings. For the 21 Day Fix this is 1 yellow and 1 tsp!)
*1 1/2 cups old fashioned oats (if using steel cut use 3/4 cup)
*3/4 cup unsweetened almond milk and 3/4 cup water (or any mixture of the two totaling 1 1/2 cups) If using steel cut oats make the total liquid 3/4 cup
*3 tsp natural peanut butter (Smucker's natural is amazing!)
*3 tsp honey
*3 Tbsp unsweetened cocoa powder
1. Add oats to a medium bowl.
2. Add all ingredients and stir until well mixed.
3. Store in a Mason Jar. Enjoy!


text:
Financial strategies to improve their banking features is the main focus of Dallas, Texas based NexBank. Their services are associated with three core financial practices that include investment, commercial, and industrialized. You can finally invest in your retirement with over $40 billion dollars in assets. Customers also have the advantage of FDIC insurance adding extra protection to their money. Their CEO and President, John Holt, recently spoke at a Texas Banker's Association's Annual Strategic Opportunities Conference that was focused on improving personalized account services, expanding their leadership team, and maximizing their general counsel. A PRN Newswire article has announced that they're one of the largest growing online financial institutes in the industry.
NexBank Services And Features
– Free online bill pay
– Switch money in between accounts
– Free checks
– Free direct deposit
– Mortgage accounts
and more…
You have anytime access to your money that allows you to switch money in between accounts from most devices including your smartphone, pc, and tablet. You can rest assured that a friendly customer service professional is there to answer your call 24/7. They offer a live knowledgeable representative when you want to discuss your account or features.
Save more money than ever before on college savings expenses and tuition with over 1,600+ college savings programs to choose from. They have partnered with New Jersey, based College Savings Bank to offer their customers a great way to eliminate huge student loan debt. Their customers can be assured that Holt, says this will be a smooth process for all the parties involved. You're invited to become a part of the superior NexBank institute by visiting their exclusive website for more details and promotional offers. You can access your hard earned money at any time and save more with NexBank.


text:
When I took pictures of this family a couple of weeks ago they shared with me a little secret. They asked if we could take some pictures to help them announce their secret. I put together this collage to help them make their announcement in a fun way.
So little Miss K put on her "I'm going to be a big sister" shirt and we snapped some pictures of her holding up the picture of her new sister/brother.
I am so excited for their family! I can't wait to help them document the next little one! They make some ridiculously cute kids.


text:
The 1.75 in. QDB is filled with C.I.Agent®*, a proprietary blend of USDA food grade polymers, which encapsulate and solidify hydrocarbons upon contact.
As a spill containment device, C.I.Agent® QDB is ideal for spills in calm waters such as marinas, harbors, and retention ponds. The QDB is capable of capturing sheen by simply dragging it across the water. On land spills, the QDB is an excellent tool to protect storm drains from fuel spills that result from auto accidents and for sheen removal from monitoring wells for underground storage tanks.
The outer skin is made of white (or black) spun-bound mesh and filled with C.I.Agent® Granules. The QDB is capable of containing over 300 gallons of diesel fuel. Because of its light-weight and flexibility, one person can deploy the QDB unassisted.
- C.I.Agent® polishes sheen and is reusable until the loose polymers inside become solid.
- Simply rinse the QDB and hang it up to dry.
- C.I.Agent® QDB will not drip or leach hydrocarbons.
- The C.I.Agent® QDB can be disposed of in most landfills.**
- Eliminates the "Cradle to Grave Liability" and the costs associated with hazardous waste disposal.
C.I.Agent® QDB is available in standard lengths of 12, 25, 50, and 100 ft. As with all C.I.Agent Solutions'® products, custom sizes are available upon customer request.
* C.I.Agent® is listed on the EPA National Contingency Plan Product Schedule as a "Solidifier" for use on oil spills in the navigable waters of the United States.
**Always check with Local, State, and Federal Regulations prior to disposal.


text:
Established in 1987, the Ammonia Safety & Training Institute (ASTI) is a 501 (c)(3) organization dedicated to making ammonia (NH3) the safest managed hazardous material in the world. Bringing together leaders from industry and public safety organizations with hundreds of years of combined experience, ASTI provides safety management support through effective use of Prevention, Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Recovery (PMPRR) training.
For more than two decades the Ammonia Safety & Training Institute (ASTI) has been an internationally recognized leader in developing emergency response protocols and training for the safe response to ammonia emergencies. We are proud that our work has greatly improved the way facility employees and first responders address ammonia emergencies. Our instructors train an average of 3,000 to 5,000 people each year. Our focus on emergency management is to "prevent them all or stop them small." This approach has saved industry millions of dollars in damages and, more importantly, protected lives. Over the last three years ASTI has successfully trained an average of 2,000 industrial and public safety responders in twelve 8-hour Safety Day training sessions throughout the U.S. and Canada and Australia


text:
Overall Rating 5 Stars -Book Description: 5 -Cover: 4 -Plot: 5 -Creativity: 5 -Grammar: 5 -Simile Use: 4(little to none) -Description: 4 (well-balanced) I absolutely love most things Sherlock Holmes. My favorite movie… Sherlock Holmes…my favorite TV show Sherlock. I'm … Continue reading
Tag Archives: Book Review
Review – In Plain Sight by Amy Sparling
In Plain Sight by Amy Sparling
My rating: 4 of 5 stars
Overall Rating: 4 Stars
-Book Description: 4
-Cover: 5
-Plot: 3
-Creativity: 3
-Simile Use: 4 (minimal usage)
-Description: 4 (well-balanced)
-Show And Tell Balance: 4
This quick, sweet read follows Maddie Sinclair on a journey of discovery about where self-worth comes from and learning that money doesn't define who you are and who you can love. Having lived a rough life she's thrust into a glorious life she could've never dreamed of–not only that, but the popular kids now notice her with her fabulous clothes and hair. She has a hard time adjusting but never forgets who she is. Colby is another story, he's lived a spoiled life, but sees the issues that can come from it. Despite being one of the 'rich kids' he wants to define who he is based on the way he handles life, not based on his parents financial status. This coming of age story shows two sides to learning who you are and has the perfect dash or romance. I'm looking forward to book two and learning more about some of the supporting characters.
Review – Waistcoats & Weaponary by Gail Carriger
Waistcoats & Weaponry by Gail Carriger My rating: 5 of 5 stars Overall Rating 5 Stars -Book Description: 5 -Cover: 5 -Plot: 5 -Creativity: 5 -Grammar: 5 -Simile Use: 5 (minimal usage) -Description: 5 (used perfectly) -Show And Tell Balance: … Continue reading
What if…Every Story Has Two Sides
Scarborough by Ellen L. Ekstrom
My rating: 5 of 5 stars
Ellen Ekstrom has done it again. She's woven a rich tapestry of elegant descriptions. It's pretty well known if you look at any of my reviews that I find many descriptions tedious, but that is not so with the writing found in this novel, nor the first novel in the series. The description is added in the right places to add a richness to the book, yet doesn't make the reader feel as though they aren't allowed to use their imagination. The characters, ah, yes. I fell in love with Quinn in Tallis, but here I really got to know him. Oh, Quinn you make me want to slap you…you're so damaged and wonderful all at once. I was ill at the point I felt this and even though I felt like my dinner was going to make another appearance I kept reading, entranced. We saw Alice here, but in a different light. We got to see how Quinn felt as he hurt her and we began to understand what really happened. I felt the realization of why Quinn was the way he was with Alice at the same time he felt it. I really felt a connection with him, as if he were a friend that I was watching by hitting the "repeat" button. I felt even better about the whole story because where I loved Tallis and the writing; I can truly say it confused me. Scarborough cleared everything up for me, and I can't wait to read the next novels in the series. To wrap up, the novel had the ending that I had been waiting for. I wanted to understand how Alice and Quinn ended up together and I did. Their live together is like a patchwork quilt made of t-shirts, ruined, beaten, yet still beautiful, soft and comforting all at once. I hate similes but in this case I am fine with one, as there really isn't much else of a way to describe it, although, I'm sure Ekstrom could, and very elegantly as always–even if it's brutal.
You Kill Me (In A Goodway)
That's right…It's Monday again! On this Music Monday, I've decided to honor one of my blog tour stops bloggers–Kylee, THIS one is for you! Kylee and I connected in a reading group, but once we were friends I noticed that we both have very good taste in music! I've enjoyed not only discussing novels, but music with her! Now, from this I know that her favorite band and unhealthy obsession (or so she says, I on the other hand, don't feel that music can be unhealthy…well, except for death metal…scary!) is Sleeping with Sirens.
SONG: You Kill Me (in a good way)
ARTIST: Sleeping with Sirens
CD: With ears to hear and eyes to see
GENRE: Post-hardcore, Pop Rock
I know that hope weighs on your mind, lost within the seams,
it seems like we lose ourselves in between.
But the harder things become, the harder you push away.
Oh baby, yeah baby, it kills me.
You said it, you said it
I'll take you at your word.
These promises that you can't keep,
it's getting harder to hold on.
You said it, you said it
don't ever let me fall.
Don't give up because you're losing
(you haven't lost).
In time you'll find that we can sober up,
clean up any dirt so we can open up.
These wounds have been open for forever now.
Come on, be strong.
Your mind has gotten the best of you.
You've done enough and you are enough.
Let's fall asleep tonight,
I'll hold you close and show you you're not broken.
You said it, you said it
I'll take you at your word.
These promises that you can't keep,
it's getting harder to hold on.
You said it, you said it
don't ever let me fall.
Don't give up because you're losing
(Hold on)
Don't you think if it's meant to be, it will be?
Don't you think things will work out eventually?
Hold on.
You said it, you said it
I'll take you at your word.
These promises that you can't keep,
it's getting harder to hold on.
You said it, you said it
don't ever let me fall.
Don't give up because you're losing.
ANALYSIS: Okay, so at first I thought…man, this sounds like Sky Lit Drive, which I can only tolerate in very small doses. It is similar, and the singer sounds so much like Sky Lit Drive, but when the screaming kicks in on this song–well, that sold me. What else sold me? Solid riffs, and lyrics. I'm quite enjoying the "repeat" feature here. The lead singer sounds slightly female from the high tone in his voice, which is why I automatically thought Sky Lit Drive. My husband mentioned something about Coheed and Cambria, but I know the name, but not the band. The issue with a lot of metal is that, for me, sometimes the artists start to blend into each other. The first time I heard this band was on my Blessthefall radio (FYI Blessthefall is one of my top ever bands), and I honestly thought it was this song because I felt the same way then.
Here is Kylee's review on her blog Babbling of a Bookaholic:
Seconds seem like a lifetime when the life you lived is slowly drained out of you by those who care not what you felt, hoped, or dreamed. – Abigail
Related articles
- What to do on Halloween? (cgiovanniwrites.wordpress.com)
- Music Musing Sneek Peeks ALL OCT (cgiovanniwrites.wordpress.com)
- Do you see that?? (cgiovanniwrites.wordpress.com)
Consume the Flame!
Born in Flames by Candace Knoebel
My rating: 4 of 5 stars
First, the cover of this novel is totally awesome. It really depicts the main character as I see her. As for the book, I also thought the main characters of Fenn and Aurora were totally awesome. YA novels seem to currently be plagued by female protagonists who are, well, for lack of a better word, soppy. They whine a lot, and it gets horribly annoying. I never once felt this about Aurora. She was a strong person, who even when confused about what was going on, was determined to rise above it. She was stubborn at times, and you might find yourself telling her to just stop and think. This was actually amusing for me. She was so realistic. This says a lot for a fantasy novel. Onto the wonderful Fenn. He was realistic, perfect in Aurora's eyes, but you were able to see that he wasn't perfect. He made some bad decisions, but he admitted when he was wrong. That made him a strong character, plus his blue eyes reminded me of someone special!So, without putting spoilers in, the story line was excellent. It flowed nicely, for it wasn't rushed, and it wasn't too slow. At times it was confusing, but in a good way. I enjoyed this confusion because it allowed you to feel as Aurora did. I try to be honest with my reviews, so here is the reason it wasn't five stars for me: I did spot a few times where the novel went from present tense to past tense in the narrative, and there were some descriptions that I wasn't fond of. It wasn't that they weren't well written. I am just not one for lots of descriptions, but this is completely a personal preference and should not hinder your choice to read this novel. I recommend you do. This is a series that I fully intend to complete reading, and believe me, that says a lot, for I am not a fan of many serialized books!


text:
ESIC, Business&Marketing School brings you a new and unique way to examine high performance organisations and how their actions can influence your approach to leadership, teamwork, and corporate culture.
This program explores the business of Formula 1® and the teams participating in this highly competitive sport. It also examines how they operate at the limit of financial, technical and human potential.
Finding ways to and sustain exceptional levels of performance is a challenge that business leaders face in every organisation. One way this can be addressed is by learning other industries, in particular ones which distil the essence of how to surpass the competition through consistent, outstanding performance.
The business behind the sport of Formula 1® motor racing provides an excellent example. While state-of-the-art technology is on display at every race, it is the organisation and people behind it who design, develop, and perform each and every day that makes the difference between a podium finish and being at the back of the racing grid.
A quién va dirigido:
This program is about how racing teams operate in order to achieve success. Executives and managers across all industries, entrepreneurs striving to grow their businesses, and anyone who is working in a competitive and rapidly changing business environment will gain insights that can be directly applicable in their own workplace.
We recommended English level B1+
Learn how examining the operations and mindsets of Formula 1® teams enables business leaders to focus on how to achieve high performance levels in very competitive markets.
Understand how the key take-aways the program can be made applicable to their business and their industry.
Experience the excitement of Formula 1® racing with the Pit-Stop Challenge.
¿Por qué en ESIC?
Tendencias y novedades empresariales.
Formatos flexibles: presenciales, online y blended learning.
Actualización de conocimientos y desarrollo de habilidades.
The program is facilitated and designed by Richard West and Mark Grimes. Mark has spent 7 years working with the Williams F1 Team in the Marketing and Events department, working alongside many Fortune 500 companies such as BMW, FedEx, Allianz, Ranstad, Unilever and HP.
The program is inspired by the book "Performance at the Limit - Business Lessons Formula 1® Motor Racing". This highly successful book was originally published in 2005, a second edition was published in 2009 and the latest, third edition launched in June 2016. The book also inspired an eight-part BBC series in 2007 called, "Formula for Success." In addition to Mark, programs will also be co-facilitated by Richard West, Former F1 marketing chief, businessman and co-author of Performance at the Limit.
This is an interactive program using case studies, exercises, videos and lively discussions. It introduces participants to the key concepts and essential skills needed to succeed in the fast-paced business of Formula 1® and how they are relevant and transferable to their own industries and organizations.
Includes PIT STOP at Campos Racing: Pit-stop Challenge.
At the home of Campos racing, Alzira, Valencia, participants will get to experience the excitement of working in a team within a highly competitive environment. The Pit-Stop Challenge engages teams in a powerful, inspiring, shared experience – the positive impact of the results will shape your long term business objectives. Important elements of strategy, planning, communication, leadership, and teamwork. Utilising a genuine racing car and equipment, teams are briefed, trained and work on a simulated pit stop to demonstrate how teams can work together to best effect.
Pronto nos pondremos en contacto contigo para darte la información solicitada.
Un cordial saludo.


text:
I just went for my morning walk, okay, late morning walk. As much as I would like to be a morning person, I just am not; unless, you want to consider taking all of my late night, early morning hours in to count. If I had my druther, the day would begin somewhere around 10 in the morning and run until 2-3 in the morning. Now, that would be a perfect day! I somehow accomplish more in the hours between midnight and 3am than I do any other time. Anywho, getting back to my walk, the weather is cold. Not so cold that a warm jacket, hat and gloves will not take care of the bite. There is something about the crispness of the cold that makes you feel like it is a whole new start to life. Just breathing in the cold air is cleansing.
After my wonderful walk, I came in and did what every other red-bloodied American does, I turned the television on. Happy cows. Now there is a topic worth discussing. How do people know that happy cows come from California? Do they smile differently? My favorite of the Happy Cow commercials is one of the earlier ones. "Do you think cows are pretty?" I suppose it is a favorite because I consists of a few too many pounds myself and somehow find myself commiserating with this happy cow. I simply can't help asking my husband while spinning around in front of him, "Do you think cows are pretty?" Is it too much to ask for him to say "yes?"
I do have a couple of other favorite commercials. I could sit all day long and watch Miss Piggy get hit in the head by a 2×4. Deranged I know, but for some strange, unexplainable reason, it makes me laugh out loud. I do try to redeem myself by not laughing when impressionable children are around. The other commercial is a Windex commercial. Two birds ring the doorbell of this poor unsuspecting man who is sunning out by his pool. Meanwhile, they have closed the (you guessed it) freshly Windex'ed (made this word up) patio door and he runs straight into it. Not ONCE, but twice! And yes, I roll on the floor every single time.
Why do some commercials just hit the mark and others don't? I guess we all have our own sense of humor. So, here's to Happy Cows (and guess what? They don't all come from California!)
Related articles
- Happy Cows (madhatters.me.uk)
- Happy cows returning to the pasture after a long winter in the cow shed (imgur.com)
- Final Proof that Cows are People Too. (elephantjournal.com)