text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 27, 1991
|Filing date
|Jul 31, 1989
|Priority date
|Jul 31, 1989
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Gary L. Dorst, Francis J. Pope, III
|Original Assignee
|At&T Bell Laboratories
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (35), Classifications (28), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is related to the application Ser. No. 388,188, entitled "Semi-Automated Operator Assistance Telecommunication Calls", filed July 31, 1989, concurrently with, and assigned to the same assignee as this application.
This invention relates to the processing of operator assistance telecommunications calls.
In the present mode for operating the public telephone network, toll and assistance operators are still required for a large class of these calls. For example, toll and assistance operators are required for processing calls such as station-to-station (station) collect calls; person-to-person (person) calls including sent paid, collect, and calling card calls; and bill to third party calls. Also, at the request of public telephone customers, operators are required to provide time and charges information at the conclusion of these processed calls.
Customer-dialed operator assistance calls are usually referred to as zero plus (0+) calls because the customers dial zero (signifying an operator assistance type call) plus a directory number. Operator calls that have no customer-dialed directory number are usually referred to as zero minus (0- or 00-) calls because customers do not dial further after having dialed one or two zeroes to get the intervention of an operator.
A major expense in handling operator assistance calls is the cost of delivering time and charges information to a public telephone customer at the conclusion of a call. In the prior art, an operator delivers time and charges information responsive to a verbal request from the customer at the beginning of a call. The operator calls the customer's public telephone after his or her call is completed, and verbally relays the time and charges information.
A problem with the prior art method of delivering time and charges information is that operator work time is used in delivering the information. Furthermore, telephone network voice facilities are required for the operator to make the call to the customer's public phone. Thus, the prior art method incurs both the expense of operator work time, and the expense of using voice network facilities.
Prior art systems, such as the Traffic Services Position System (TSPS) No. 1, and the Operator Services Position System (OSPS), both manufactured by AT&T Network Systems, which require that operators only be connected to a call during the call setup time and that operators may be recalled when needed for such operations as notifying a customer of the elapsed time and charges for a call, reduce operator work time in the setting up of operator assistance calls, but do not reduce operator work time or the use of network facilities for the delivery of time and charges information.
Later arrangements reduce operator work time for collect calls and person-to-person calls (which include person-collect, person-paid, person calling card and person bill to third number). An example of such an arrangement is the more efficient call handling (MECH) process, described in a pending application of T. M. Bauer et al., Ser. No. 248,459, wherein a first operator is connected to the call after the completion of customer dialing and, for a class of calls, this operator is disconnected from the call after determining the class of charge (COC) including the billing method and any required billing data; subsequently, a second operator who may or may not be the same as the first operator is connected to the call in response to the answer signal of the called (forward) customer. Such an arrangement reduces the operator work time required to set up the call by making it unnecessary for an operator to be connected to the call during the call setup time and ringing interval, however, this arrangement does not reduce the expenses incurred for delivering time and charges information.
Thus, a problem with prior art operator assistance systems is that there is no satisfactory method of inexpensively delivering time and charges information to public telephone customers for operator assistance calls.
The above problem is solved and an advance is made in the art in accordance with a new method and apparatus of our invention featuring the use of an exemplary intelligent telecommunications station (intelligent phone) for automatically receiving data from a connected switching system after a call has been terminated and without an intervention of an operator. In accordance with the invention, after an operator assistance call is terminated, the operator assistance system that processed the call sends a message including time and charges information for the call to the intelligent phone for displaying of that information. In one specific embodiment, the message is a call setup message as defined in CCITT (International Consultative Committee for Telephone and Telegraph) Q.931 standards; the call setup request is ignored by the intelligent phone, which simply displays the time and charges information sent in the message. Thus, without any action by an operator, the back party receives time and charges information for the call, and a new call is not established between the operator assistance system and the intelligent phone. Advantageously, time and charges information are delivered to the customer without using operator work time or telephone network facilities to place a call.
In the exemplary embodiment CCITT (International Consultative Committee for Telephone and Telegraph) standard Layer 3 (Q.931) call control messages defined for message associated user-to-user information (MA-UUI) carry user-to-user information elements (UUIEs) to a MECH program process for collect, person-to-person, credit card, and bill to third party calls. A back party places a call by entering call information (such as person or station call, collect, credit card or bill to third party call and the forward party name and number, and a request to receive time and charges information) into an enhanced user interface payphone, which sends the information to the MECH process as a MA-UUI element of a Q.931 SETUP message. The payphone is equipped to use MA-UUI signaling, and is connected to a central office telephone switching system via an integrated services digital network (ISDN) basic rate interface (BRI), thus providing an integrated voice (B-channel) and data communication facility (D-channel). The MECH process setsup the call to the forward party based on the information received in the UUIE. After the call is terminated, the MECH process sends the time and charges information for the call to the back party's enhanced user interface phone as part of a UUIE of a Q.931 SETUP message. Responsive to receipt of this message, the enhanced user interface phone rejects the call setup request, and displays the time and charges information for the back party. Thus, time and charges information is delivered to the back party without a call being established. Advantageously, an operator is not required to deliver time and charges information.
In accordance with one aspect of the exemplary embodiment, the intelligent public telephone generates a unique station identifier with each call origination. This identifier is included in a UUIE of a Q.931 SETUP message, and uniquely links the public telephone, and the call data gathered at the public telephone, to the outgoing call. The identifier is used by the MECH process to (1) verify time and charges information and (2) signal the public telephone to reject the call setup request delivering the time and charges information, and thereby eliminating the need to establish a circuit switched B-channel call. Telephone network facilities are only required to send the call setup request message and call setup rejection message. Advantageously, less expense is incurred for use of network facilities than in prior art arrangements.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an operator assistance switching system for processing operator assistance calls in accordance with the methods of FIGS. 2-8; and
FIGS. 2-8 are data layouts and flow diagrams of methods of processing operator assistance calls in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 1 is an architectural diagram of a system illustrating one embodiment of the present invention. The system comprises an "enhanced" public telephone 150, comprising a handset 151, a credit card reader 152, a coin slot 153, a display screen 154, a keyboard 155, a coin return slot 157, and a control processor 158, comprising a data store 159, a central processing unit (CPU) 160, and a program 161 for controlling the operations of the CPU 160. The public phone is equipped with an International Consultative Committee for Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT) Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Basic Rate Interface (BRI), as described in CCITT Red Book Fascicle III.5 Series 1 Recommendation, and has the capability of handling standard Q.931 interface, as described in CCITT Red Book Fascicle VI.9 Recommendation Q.931. The public phone 150 uses CCITT standard message associated user-to-user information (MA-UUI) signaling, and is connected to a switching system 101 via an ISDN BRI 162.
The switching system (switch) 101 is a 5ESS� switch, extensively described in AT&T Technical Journal, Vol. 64, No. 6, part 2, pp. 1305-1564, July/August 1985, which also serves as an Operator Services Position System (OSPS) as described in N.X. DeLessio et al.: "An Integrated Operator Services Capability for the 5ESS Switching System", International Switching Symposium'84, (Florence), Session 22C, Paper 3, pp. 1-5, May 1984. The change required in the switching system to implement the present invention is the addition of a program in the control 110 of the switch for executing the tasks described in the flow charts of FIGS. 4-7. The switch 101 comprises a control 110 for controlling the switch. The control 110, in turn, comprises a central processing unit 108, a program 106 for controlling the operations of the central processing unit, and a data store 107 for storing call data. The program 106 comprises switching processes 113 to handle the switching of calls, an operator services position system (OSPS) process 114 to handle operator assistance calls, and the more efficient call handling (MECH) process 115 to more efficiently handle operator assistance calls. The switch also comprises a local data base system 116 storing data such as: (1) customer lines connected to the system, such as the Q.931 equipped customer line 162, (2) interconnecting networks 132, (3) trunks, such as trunk 133 connected to the system, and (4) data about operator positions connected to the system, A transaction recorder 122 is used for recording billing data. The switch also comprises a voice and data switching network 112 which can be used for transmitting data among control unit 110 interconnecting data network 118 and operator access facility 126, and for transmitting voice among trunks coming into the system, such as trunk 133 to interconnecting network 132, customer lines such as customer line 162 and operator access facilities such as operator access facility 126. The interconnecting network 132 which may include one or more switching systems is used for accessing the called customer station 146 from switch 101. Operator position 124, connected to the voice and data switching network 112 by operator access facility 126, comprises a video terminal for displaying data obtained from control 110, local data base system 116, and remote data base system 120. While a typical system would have many operator positions attached, for clarity, only one is shown herein. Remote data base system 120 is connected to voice and data switching network 112 via interconnecting data network 118. Voice and data switching network 112 is connected to control unit 110 via a control connection 111. Interconnecting data network 118 and remote data base system 120 are used for obtaining data about the calling or called terminal and/or called station when this data is not available in the local data base system 116.
In this specific embodiment of the present invention, a calling (back) party makes a call from the public telephone 150 by entering call information on the keyboard 155, responsive to a request from a menu on the display screen 154. The back party completes the calling procedure by pressing the send button 157 on the keyboard 155. The enhanced public phone 150 then formats the call information into a user-to-user information element (UUIE) of a Q.931 SETUP message, places the UUIE into a SETUP message, and sends the message to the voice and data switching network 112 of the switching system 101, which routes the call to the OSPS process 114. The OSPS process 114 opens the UUIE to validate the call information and handle any error conditions, and sends the information to the MECH process 115. The MECH process 115 uses the information provided in the UUIE to set up a connection to a called (forward) party station 146. Once a connection to the forward party station 146 is set up via trunk 133 and interconnecting network 132 to forward party station 146, and an answer from the forward party station 146 is detected in the voice and data switching network 112 and relayed via control connection 111 to control 110, control 110 then informs the MECH process 115 and causes a connection to be set up. The MECH process 115 alerts the OSPS process 114 that an operator should be queued, and an operator position is connected to the call. The connection is among the back party station 150, the forward party station 146 and an operator position, similar to operator position 124, connected via its own operator access facility, similar to operator access facility 126. Data describing the call is then displayed on the operator's terminal to permit the operator to further control the call by signaling requests for changes in the call configuration to the control 110.
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of an enhanced public phone program process (coin station process) which handles the collection and sending of call information. The process which is controlled within the public telephone 150 is inactive while the coin station is idle (block 202). The process begins when a back party enters a forward party number on the keyboard of the phone (action block 204). The process then checks for errors in the forward party number (test 206). If there are errors, an error handling procedure is invoked which does the following: (1) the procedure determines whether the back party has been re-prompted to enter the information a maximum number of times (test 210); (2) if threshold has not been reached, the process re-prompts the back party for the information (action block 212); however, if the threshold has been reached, the back party is connected to an operator (action block 214) and the process returns to its idle state (block 202). Otherwise, if no error occurred in entering the forward party number, the process checks for the class of charge (COC) entered by the back party (action block 208). If the call is a person call (test 216), the enhanced phone process then waits to receive the forward party name (action block 218); if the call is collect (test 222), the process waits to receive the back party name (action block 224); if the call is a credit call charge call (test 228), the process waits for a credit card number (action block 230); finally, if the call is a third party call (test 232), the process waits to receive the third party number to be billed (action block 234). If any errors occur in the tests or reception of any data (test 220 and test 226), the call is handled by the procedure described above.
After the COC is entered, the process then waits to receive any coins that need to be deposited (action block 236), and checks whether the required coin deposit, if any, is satisfied (test 238). If the deposit is not satisfied, the error treatment procedure, described above, is invoked; otherwise, the process next checks whether the back party wants to be informed of time and charges information after the call (test 240). If so, the call record is marked, i.e., a special octet is formed to indicate that time and charges information are requested (action block 242). Finally, the process uses the information provided by the back party together with a self generated unique coin station identifier (used for verification of proper time and charges information delivery) to form a UUIE (of a Q.931 SETUP message) to be sent to the MECH process in the switching system (action block 244), and the coin station returns to idle (block 202).
The Q.931 protocol limits the maximum length of the UUIE of a SETUP message to 131 octets, 128 of which may contain UUI and the remainder used for a message header. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the structure of the UUIE in the present invention. The 3 octets of the message header contain call control information (CCI), comprising a UUIE ID 304, the length of the UUI 306, and a protocol discriminator 308. The specific embodiment of the present invention uses 121 of the possible 128 octets remainign for UUI. The UUI contains a unique coin station identifier (UCSI) 310, identifying the call, generated for each outgoing call from the phone, a forward party number 312, the COC 314, the forward party name 316, a third party name 318, a back party name 320, a credit card number 322, a deposit amount 324, a coin station number 326, and one octet to signify a request for time and charges information 328. The remaining possible seven octets 330 are unused.
FIGS. 4-7 are flow diagrams of the method of one embodiment of the present invention, starting at the point after the Q.931 SETUP message has been sent by the back party station. These figures depict the operation of an operator assistance process, comprising the OSPS process 114, and the MECH process 115. Calls that are treated in accordance with the principles of this invention are called modified MECH calls Other calls are given treatment by "standard practices" signifying treatment in accordance with the normal practices for operator assistance calls of this type as described, for example, in the Bell System Technical Journal, (B.S.T.J.), vol. 58, no. 6, part 1, July/August 1979, and B.S.T.J., vol. 49, no. 10, December 1970, pp. 2417-2709, especially pp. 2625-2683.
The process waits for a SETUP message to arrive at the switching system (action block 402), opening the UUIE of a message once it arrives (action block 404). It next checks for a customer for a customer request for operator (OPR) assistance (test 406), routing the call to an operator (treating call as 0-) if an OPR assistance signal is discovered (action block 416). Otherwise, the process checks whether the UUIE is valid under the protocol (test 408). If the UUIE is valid, the process then checks whether the UUIE contains a valid forward party number (action block 410), otherwise, the call is treated as a 0- call and routed to an operator (action block 416).
If the forward party number contained in the UUIE is invalid, the call is treated as a 0- call (action block 416). If the number is valid, then the call is a 0+ call; if not, the call must be sent to an operator in accordance with 0- call handling procedures, and the process then checks if the call is collect, person-to-person, or bill to third party call (test 414). The process places related call information for these types of calls into fields to be used by the operator (action block 418).
For the call is a 0+ call, the process next checks whether the class of charge for the call has been entered (test 420). If not, the call is routed to an operator (action block 422), otherwise the process next checks whether the call is a coin deposit call (test 424); if so, the process checks if the deposit has been satisfied (test 426). It routes the call to an operator if the deposit is unsatisfied (action block 422), otherwise, it sends the information contained in the UUIE to the modified MECH process, and instructs the modified MECH process to perform billing validation checks for the call and then send the call to the forward party (action block 428).
Billing validation checks are performed in conformance with standard practices to see if the calling customer entitled to place this type of call to the called station. For example, a collect call to a coin phone is not usually allowed. For the case of a person call that is to be billed to a third party, this includes verifying whether the third party accepts such billing or wishes to be called, and, if necessary, calling that third party to verify acceptance of the billing. The modified MECH process sends a call to a forward party by outpulsing the call to the telephone central office connected to the forward party. The back party is left to monitor the progress of the call. This "outpulsing" can be done over talking trunks or via separate common channel signaling facilities. It is the back party who detects busy or no answer and initiates a disconnect for those cases. The operator assistance system monitors the connection to detect the return of answer supervision.
If the call is not a coin, the process checks the COC to determine whether the call is collect or person-to-person (test 430); if not, the call information for the call is sent to the modified MECH process, along with instructions to perform billing validation checks and send the call to the forward party (action block 428). Finally, if the call is a collect or person-to-person call, the process checks the UUIE to determine whether the required names have been entered (test 432); if not, the process informs the modified MECH process that the names have not been entered (action block 434), and performs the standard instruction procedures (action block 428). If the names have been entered, the standard instruction procedures are performed (action block 428). Subsequent actions are described with respect to the flow chart FIG. 5 starting with test 502.
FIG. 5 describes the process of detecting an answer from the forward party and the actions performed immediately thereafter. Test 502 checks whether answer supervision is received, i.e., whether the forward party answers. If not, test 504 is performed to test whether the back party has requested OPR assistance. If the back party has requested OPR assistance, then the forward connection, i.e., the connection to the forward party is released and an operator position is connected to the back party to receive further instructions (action block 506). The back party and operator are fully connected to allow the calling customer to talk to and hear the operator at the operator position where the call history is displayed to the operator. If the back party does not request OPR assistance, a test is made to check whether the back party disconnects (test 508). If the back party disconnects, the call is torn down (action block 510). This action would be performed if the back party decides that the forward party is not answering or if the back party hears busy or overflow tone. If the back party does not disconnect, supervisory monitoring of the call for answer is resumed (test 502, previously discussed). If answer supervision is received as detected in test 502 and an OPR is available (test 516), then actions are performed in accordance with FIG. 7. If an OPR position is not available, the connection is arranged so that both the back and the forward parties are muted (action block 512), i.e., that neither calling nor called party can hear the other. The call is then placed on a high priority queue for an operator position without giving audible tone to either the back or the forward party in order to avoid confusion (action block 514). There may be several such queues in an operator assistance system, for queuing different types of modified MECH calls. Next, the actions described in FIG. 6 are performed starting with test 602.
FIG. 6 describes the actions performed until an operator position can be connected to the call. Test 602 determines whether the MECH queue (i.e., the queue in which the call was entered in action block 514) is expected to introduce a delay that exceeds a specified threshold. If so, an announcement is played to both the back and the forward parties (action block 604). The announcement might say: "Please hold, an operator will be connected promptly." If the back party disconnects, as determined by test 606, then an operator position is seized (action block 608) so that the operator may talk to the forward party to explain what happened. The operator position and the forward party are fully connected to allow them to talk to each other.
If the back party disconnects before an announcement is played, as determined by test 610, then the call is torn down (action block 612). If the back party does not disconnect, with or without the announcement, then a test is made to see whether the forward party has disconnected (test 614). If so, an operator position is seized and a connection is set up with the back party (action block 616). The back party and the operator are fully connected. Requests for OPR assistance by the back party are ignored, if received, prior to a forward party disconnect or prior to the actions to be discussed below with respect to FIG. 7, starting with action block 702, because the call is already on a high priority queue for an operator.
FIG. 7 describes the actions performed by the operator for a modified MECH call in the present invention. The operator position is seized, and the billing type, the connection status, and the forward and backward numbers, i.e., the called and calling numbers, are displayed (action block 701). If the appropriate names have been entered by the back party while placing the call, these are also displayed. Test 702 checks whether these names are displayed. If so, the operator signals for a connection wherein the called party is fully connected and the calling party is muted to prevent unauthorized transmission of a message from the calling party (action block 703). If not, the operator signals to set up a split connection, the called party is alerted by the operator that there is an incoming call, and the calling party is queried to obtain the appropriate name(s) (action block 704). This is the information needed by the operator to find out if a called party is willing to accept charges for a collect call, or to find out if the appropriate individual has answered a person-to-person call, and, if not, to ask for that appropriate individual. In either case, the operator seeks to get an acceptance of the call from the called party. If the operator is satisfied that the conditions for setting up the call have been met (positive output of test 705), then the operator position signals to be released from the call and the calling and called parties are connected in a full talking state (action block 706). If the operator fails to get an acceptance of the call (negative output of test 705), then the operator signals to release the forward connection (the connection to the called party) and confers further with the calling party via a full talking state connection (action block 708).
The present invention allows a operator assistence system to send time and charges information associated with an operator assistance call to a coin station following the termination of the call. If the time and charges field in the original UUIE sent from the station to the system (to establish the call) is marked to indicate a request to receive time and charges information, then the system forms a new UUIE upon termination of the call. The UUIE comprises time and charges information for the call, and a UCSI that matches the UCSI in the original UUIE sent to the system for that call. The system places the new UUIE into a Q.931 SETUP message, and sends the SETUP message to the station via an ISDN D-channel of the BRI.
FIG. 8 is flow diagram of the actions taken by the coin station process when a back party requests time and charges information. The coin station process is idle (block 802) until a Q.931 SETUP message is received from a switching system (action block 804). The process checks whether the SETUP message contains a UUIE (test 806). If it does not, the process ignores the SETUP message without displaying any information (action block 808). Otherwise, the process "opens" the UUIE (action block 810) and verifies if the UUIE has a unique coin station identifier (UCSI) (310 in FIG.3), that matches the UCSI generated for the last outgoing call (test 812). This UCSI verifies that the information in the UUIE is associated with the back party. If the UCSI does not match (test 812), the process ignores the SETUP message without displaying any information (action block 808). If, on the other hand, if the UCSI matches that generated for the last outgoing call, the process sends a Q.931 REL COMP confirmation message to the modified MECH process via an ISDN D-channel (action block 816) to terminate the call and displays the time and charges information on the display screen of the phone (action block 818). The coin station process then returns to idle (block 802).
It is to be understood that the above-described procedures are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and many variations may be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, instead of visually displaying time and charges information, the intelligent phone could alternatively relay the information to a public phone customer as a voice message.
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Owner name: AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, 550 MADI
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:DORST, GARY L.;POPE, FRANCIS J. III;REEL/FRAME:005107/0449
Effective date: 19890731
Owner name: BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES, INC., 600 MOUNTAIN AV
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:DORST, GARY L.;POPE, FRANCIS J. III;REEL/FRAME:005107/0449
Effective date: 19890731
|Nov 10, 1992
|Certificate of correction
|Jan 3, 1995
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 1, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jan 8, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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Call us:
+44 1632 96099
How It Works
What We Offer
What's the Cost?
About Us
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I contact you?
Use the CONTACT button at the bottom of the page or email
I am a Songwriter, but not a great singer. I want to have my songs recorded to pitch to Artists, Managers, Labels and Publishers. Can you do that for me?
Yes. We have top class Vocalists and Musicians and can produce a very professional demo for you.
I have a budget for my project. Can you tell me what I could expect for this fee?
Yes of course. Just include that information when you send us your track for feedback.
I have a number of tracks I want you to work on. Can you offer a discount for this?
Yes. We will give you a special rate if you are making an EP or an album.
Can you produce a Music Only version for me to use for live shows or live radio / TV?
Yes. We do that a lot. For example, you might want to go on TV or radio with just a guitar player and have a stripped back version with percussion and bass as a backing track - that's no problem.
If I send you my work will you use it for "Before / After" examples or share with other clients?
No. Our relationship with you is totally private. If you decide to release your material that's up to you, not us!
Just in the same way you wouldn't expect Beyonce's demo recordings to be made public by her producer.
I don't understand how to send my song as "stems" Can you explain?
Yes. We will send you a document that explains fully how to prepare your track for us.
What's the difference between Mixing and Mastering?
The mixing process takes all the source tracks, edits, processes, and balances them into one stereo track. Mastering takes this stereo track and makes small adjustments before using subtle compression to bring it up in level to match commercial recordings.
We can do both these processes on your track.
I hear Mastering Levels are changing. What's all that about?
For some time now we have had what has become known as "the loudness wars"- tracks made as load as possible so that they sound more impressive on the radio. The downside of this is that it requires the music to be so heavily compressed that it sounds horribly crushed, and has no dynamics or character other than pure "in you face" loudness. That's maybe OK if you're Metallica, but not for most recordings.
Thankfully, common sense has recently prevailed, and a new standard adopted by broadcasters. In simple terms this means older recordings that have nice dynamics will be turned up, and loud crushed tracks will be turned down via an automatic levelling process. We will soon see a lot of tracks that were "loudness war" victims being remixed and remastered to meet these new standards.
The good news is - we mix and master to this new standard, so your tracks will be optimised for radio, TV, Spotify and iTunes etc.
Do you offer Mastering only?
Not usually, it depends on the quality of your mix. As famous mastering engineer Bob Katz puts it "Mastering should be hair and make-up, not plastic surgery!" The problem comes when people try to use the mastering process to fix a bad mix. It is always better to go back and remix than to attempt this. Therefore, our philosophy is to get the mix right, then mastering is straightforward, subtle, and the end product is much better.
How long will it take?
It depends on the track(s), what's required and how busy we are. We aim to turn around a track in about 10 days maximum.
If you're in a hurry we can usually work something out. We may ask for an additional fee if it involves working all night or bringing session players in at short notice. We can discuss all this when you get in contact. Just explain your situation and we will do what we can to help.
Should I credit you for your work?
Yes please. If you simply state Mixed and Mastered by MixMagic.com we would be grateful.
I still have questions about my music, technical questions, confusions... Who can I ask?
Get in contact and simply ask. It's a complex subject and can be bewildering. We will do our best to help!
Our Mission is to Make Your Music Sound Amazing!
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The Open betting guide: Who to back at Hoylake?July 14, 2014 Golf News
Our guest golf betting expert from Sports Betting Index gives his top picks for the 143rd Open Championship at Hoylake
It's finally here – one fo my favourite weeks of the year as the 143rd Open Championship comes to us from Royal Liverpool – probably better known as Hoylake.
It is a little tricky for me writing a preview about my betting tips when the first bet was struck months ago so I will do a split preview – firstly looking at the bets placed so far, the reasons behind them and what price they are now.
Mikko Ilonen was the first player to go in my book as long ago as late January when he got into a playoff in Qatar.
He would go onto lose that but has had a great year resulting in a second win in twelve months in Ireland just a few weeks ago.
He was always going to be a pick for me having won the Amateur Championship around Hoylake back in 2000.
He played here back in 2006 and was in a strong position going into the weekend but faded.
He is a much better player now and as a great wind player is totally suited to links golf.
Original bet 0.3 ew 150/1 – Best price now 100/1 Stan James 6 places
Patrick Reed was second man to be backed when he was winning his third event in seven months at Doral in March.
He has since taken time off and become a father but the signs are there in recent weeks he could be up for another win.
People will tell you that debutants don't win and he has no experience of travelling the world however one little known fact about Reed is that he won the Junior British Open at Heswall just down the road so he will have positive memories of the area.
Original bet 0.3 ew 125/1 – Best price now 150/1 Boyles 6 places
Angel Cabrera has been well known as a Major specialist – indeed until just last week his only wins in the States were the US Open and US Masters but he put that behind him with a confident win in the Greenbrier Classic.
He really is a very difficult player to catch right but with five wins on tour he is well worth a saver especially on links golf" Not many players win two Majors so could he add a third and indeed a different one?
Well I wouldn't put it past him as his record in this event is not that bad with 4th at Carnoustie and 7th here in 2006 his best finishes. Original bet 0.2 ew 125/1 – Best price now 70/1 Bet365 7 places
Michael Hoey was added just last week when he opened up with a fine 66 around Royal Aberdeen but he then went into reverse gear.
He really is a very difficult player to catch right but with five wins on tour he is well worth a saver especially on links golf which he can on a good week play really well.
The only Opens he has played he missed the cut at Lytham but maybe Hoylake will bring better fortune.
Original bet 0.2 ew 250/1 – Best price now 200/1 Stan James 6 places
Tommy Fleetwood is a player I backed last week as I thought he may have found some form after a spell in the doldrums – sadly it was not to be as he didn't fire in Scotland.
One positive we still have going for us is that he grew up in Southport playing links courses and knows Hoylake well.
If he can use that knowledge and take inspiration from playing at home then maybe this wager isn't quite dead in the water yet! Original bet 0.25 ew 200/1 8 places – Best price now 250/1 various 6 places


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July 30, 2009
– Comments (1)
Ah, the glory of bad incentives...
From the NY Times:
Mortgage companies, some of which are affiliated with the nation's largest banks, are paid to manage pools of loans owned by investors. The companies typically collect a percentage of the value of the loans they service. They extract their share regardless of whether borrowers are current on their payments. Indeed, their percentage often increases on delinquent loans.
Whole story here.
Oh yeah, forgot to sign off.
-Anand (TMFBomb)
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Raised-bed gardening is a form of gardening in which the soil is formed in three-to-four-foot-wide beds, which can be of any length or shape. The soil is raised above the surrounding soil (approximately six inches to waist-high), is sometimes enclosed by a frame generally made of wood, rock, or concrete blocks, and may be enriched with compost. Raised Bed Gardens are ideal for gardening in Colorado Springs.
Published on Jan 31, 2013 by righttothrive
Raised beds lend themselves to the development of complex agriculture systems that utilize many of the principles and methods of permaculture. They can be used effectively to control erosion and recycle and conserve water and nutrients by building them along contour lines on slopes. Read more at wikipedia
Published on Apr 29, 2015 by AlboPepper
This tutorial explains how to build an S.I.P. Raised Bed. But going further, it also teaches the fundamental mechanics of a self-watering system.


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Bruce Brown
Family Law Topics
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Phoenix Arizona Divorce Lawyer and Family Law Attorney: Divorce, personal injury and wills, trusts and probate services for clients in the Phoenix area, including Glendale, Maryvale, Avondale, Buckeye, El Mirage, Goodyear, Litchfield Park, Tolleson, Peoria, Sun City, Sun City West, Surprise, Wickenburg, Youngtown.
© 2013-2018. Brown Family Law Group, PLC, 9201 N. 25th Ave., Suite 250, Phoenix, Arizona 85021, 602-589-5110
The act of visiting or communicating with the Brown Family Law Group, PLC, or any representative thereof via this website or by email does not constitute an attorney-client relationship. Communications from non-clients via this website are not subject to client confidentiality or attorney-client privilege. Further, the articles, discussion, commentary, forms and sample documentation contained in this website are offered as general guidance only and are not to be relied upon as specific legal advice. For legal advice on a specific matter, please consult with an experienced family law attorney. Bruce D. Brown practices law only in the jurisdictions in which he is admitted. This website is subject to the Arizona Rules of Professional Conduct.
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What are Critique Pods?
Pods are small, supportive groups (3‒7 members) that meet regularly to critique one another's work. Each pod has a leader who keeps meetings on track and maintains communication with members. The members:
- Meet at least once a month
- Write in the same genre
- Point out what works and what doesn't, nourishing one another's growth
Why join a pod?
Talking to a keyboard is a solitary experience. After a while, our creative excitement withers. We lose trust in our words. Critique groups can hear our words, respond to them, and give us the confidence of knowing how well we are communicating. With feedback, we grow as writers. Pod mates can become our biggest fans, hardest critics, best teachers, and closest friends.
WAG has only two hard-and-fast rules:
- You must be a WAG member to join a pod.
- You must critique the writing, not the writer, in a courteous manner.
How do pods work?
Some pods expect members to submit a piece—a chapter, short story, essay, poem, scene—at every meeting; others don't. Most have word limits for submissions. Some have strict rules for critique; others are casual. Some ask members to read their submissions out loud, while others email submissions ahead of time, and plunge right into critiquing at the meeting. Members of some pods see/hear a piece for the first time when they meet. Others comment on submissions, using Word, and return copies via email to the author. A few pods expect authors to take their own notes during discussion. Some have members with varying levels of writing experience; some are made up of all beginners or all seasoned writers.
May I visit a pod to have my work critiqued?
To have your work critiqued, you must be a member of WAG and join a pod. Pod meetings are not open for folks to just drop in. Guests must check with the pod leader before visiting. If you are a WAG member, you may visit as many pods as you like, with permission from each pod leader, but your work likely will not be critiqued on your first visit. If you are not a WAG member, you may visit a pod once, with permission from the leader, but your work will not be critiqued. However, in most pods, the guest will be asked to submit a writing sample, and he/she will be invited to participate in the critique of pod members' works.
How do I join a pod?
You should visit first. WAG's goal is to match each writer with a pod in which he or she feels comfortable and is likely to receive helpful feedback. Most pods come to a consensus before accepting a new member into the pod.
What if I don't find the pod I need?
Contact the Pod Coordinator who will work with you and others to form a new group.
Do you write nonfiction? Want feedback? We're hoping to get a new critique pod started in this genre soon. Interested?
Find Your Critique Pod
Click a plus sign (+) below to find a critique pod.
Creative Cronies
Leader: Carol Ray Skipper
Meeting time: 10:00 AM, 1st Thursday of month
Place: Varies, Northwest Gainesville
Note: Email submissions in advance, up to 2500 words; poems, illustrations, and stories are for pre-school to young adult.
Opening? Full
They Who Shall Not Be Named
Leader: Felicia Lee
Meeting time: 6:00 PM, every 3rd Saturday
Place: Public and General, 1000 NE 16th Street
Note: Members submit 11 pages by email prior to the meeting; critique at meetings.
Opening? Full
Porcupine Pod
Leader: Penny Church-Pupke
Meeting time: From 2:00-4:00 PM, Last Saturday of the month
Place: Jason's Deli
Note: Members email 2,500-3,500 words; at meeting, we discuss each work for about 20 minutes.
Opening? Full
Misplaced Modifiers
Leader: Robin Ingle
Meeting time: 6:30 PM, every other Tuesday
Place: Jason's Deli
Note: Pod members are currently working on novels.
Opening? Full
Peas in a Pod (Novel/Short Fiction)
Leader: Pat Caren
Meeting time: 3:00 PM – 5:00 PM, every Wednesday
Place: At members' homes on a rotating basis.
Note: Electronic submissions. Focus is on novels, but short fiction and creative nonfiction are accepted.
Opening? Open
Writers and Readers of Memoir (WARM)
Leader: Patsy Murray
Meeting time: 10:30 AM, 1st & 3rd Tuesdays
Place: Members' homes
Opening? Full
The Tower Memoirists (Memoir/Personal Essay)
Leader: Sharon Ketts
Meeting time: 3:00 PM, 2nd and 4th Wednesday of month, adjusted for Nov. and Dec. holidays
Place: Tower Road Library
Opening? Full
Heart Melody (Memoir)
Leader: Connie Morrison
Meeting time: 1:00 PM, 4th Tuesday of month, adjusted for Nov. and Dec. holidays
Place: Millhopper Branch Library, 3145 NW 43rd St., meeting room B
Note: Email up to 6 pages in advance, noting areas needing help; read aloud at meeting.
Opening? Open
Power of Writing (POW) (Memoir/Creative Nonfiction)
Leader: Ann~Marie Magné
Meeting time: 2:00 PM, 1st & 3rd Saturday
Place: Members' homes
Note: Dropbox submissions, up to 2,500 words. Laptops used at meetings to view everyone's critiques.
Opening? Full
The Dissociates (Memoir/Nonfiction)
Leader: Becky Micha
Meeting time:: 12:30 PM, 3rd Tuesday of the month
Place: Members' homes
Note: Email about 2,500 words before meeting; after lunch, spend 20-minute discussing each piece
Opening? Check to see
Leader: Kaye Linden
Meeting time: 10 AM, 1st Monday of the month, adjusted for holidays
Place: Southwest Gainesville
Note: Email up to 2500 words in advance
Opening: Full
Leader: Mary Wescott
Meeting time: 2:30 PM, one Sunday a month
Place: varies, in Micanopy
Opening? Open
Poetry Pod People
Leader: Zack West
Meeting time: 8:30 PM, alternate Mondays
Place: Maude's in the Sun Center
Opening? Open


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Amazing! Original Magna Carta Copy Found in Scrapbook.
An original copy of the Magna Carta has been discovered in a scrapbook in Kent, England.
The tattered document dates back to 1300, 85 years after King John of England was compelled to sign the first agreement limiting the rights of kings. This version was issued by King Edward I (King John's grandson), who was under pressure from the church and the barons to reaffirm good governance, said Sophie Ambler, a research associate with the Magna Carta Project.
The charter is more than 1.6 feet (0.5 meters) long, but about one-third of the text is missing, according to the Magna Carta Project. Water damage has eaten away at the paper, and the royal seal is missing. Nevertheless, the date of issue survives at the bottom of the document, Ambler said. Determining the authenticity of the charter was relatively straightforward, she added: The layout, handwriting and text all match what would be expected from a Magna Carta of this time.
The Magna Carta, the document that became the precursor to modern constitutional law and basically the blueprint for modern democracy, was signed into action by King John in 1215, because he was, in general, just a bad king. Not necessarily evil, just bad at his job of being a King. He lost land, he got England excommunicated, etc. What got him into the most trouble was when he upset a bunch of people over taxation. However, contrary to what modern legends say, his tax hikes were not aimed at the peasants but the nobility and the clergy, aka the rich people. Which meant that the people who had any kind of societal power at the time were majorly pissed off.
As far as we know, only four copies of this most important of historical documents has survived over the centuries, so naturally this is a pretty impressive find.
It is not yet determined what will happen to this new copy but odds are it will stay in Kent.


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This lesson plan is designed to be used with the film, Election Day, which shows the experiences of a number of people in various parts of the United States on Election Day 2004. Classrooms can use this lesson to study how the voting process differs around the country and to discuss issues related to elections administration.
© 2018 PBS & WGBH Educational Foundation. All rights reserved.
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Dunlop SP Sport Maxx TT Tyres
SP Sport Maxx TThere!
Why opt for Dunlop SP Sport Maxx TT Tyres?
Dunlop tyres are renowned the world over for its high performance and attractive features. The Dunlop SP Sport Maxx TT tyres have top quality handling and braking features that are most needed in sports cars. These tyres meet the EU tyre rating which ranges from B to F fuel efficiency, B to C wet grip and 66 dB to 71 dB noise level. It is apt for summer and wet conditions.
Features of Dunlop SP Sport Maxx TT
These summer tyres come with DuPont Kelver technology that offers high end driving precision. This technology employs tougher compound that will help in creating a stronger side wall. The use of touch technology from Dunlop ensures very good responsiveness and road handling. The shoulder blocks are stiffer to offer very strong stability at the corners. The tread design is made in such a way that the pressure is even on the roads. This improves smooth transitions from the straight roads to the curvy roads. The asymmetric groove pattern and nano-particles mixed tread compound will help you enjoy excellent road grip and shorter braking on dry and wet roads.
Specifications of Dunlop SP Sport Maxx TT
The tyres sold at Tirendo.co.uk are developed to suit rim sizes of diameter 16 to 18 inches. The tyre specification of the 16 inch rim size is: 225/50 (width/height), 92 load index and Y speed index. The 17 inch wheels can be fitted with tyres that have specifications of 215/ 94Y, 91Y and 215/45 91Y. The Dunlop SP Sport Maxx TT tyres suited for 18 inch rim diameter has 245/50 width/height profile, 100 load index and W speed index.
- Steady and comfortable driving
- Order easily and conveniently with Free Delivery
- Select your tyre size and save today!


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Have a look at our top sellers
To spice things up in the bedroom, why not impress yourself and your partner with a vibrating rabbit wand from Impress? Don't be fooled by its cute looks - you'll be pleasantly surprised that this little wand will do wonders for your intimate time! Packed with intense functions like vibration, pulsation, escalation and more - and made with premium silicone - you'll never get enough of this little rabbit! For an exciting range of adult toys, check out the range by Impress!


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Recently I attended the Artserve RedEye: Reality Reimagined event in which I had two paintings on the wall. One was called "Reading Proust," which was designed to be funny and make a joke out of the sort of task it is to get through the 10,000 or so pages of his most significant work, In Search Of Lost Time. The other painting was called "Reclaiming The Sanctity Of Life."
Now, during my time studying philosophy at university I certainly came across and thought about a hell of a lot of things. One thing that was advanced after the epistemology module of the degree was definitions. I suppose I'd call a defining characteristic as something that's been with you all your life, or something that has been with you since you were old enough to choose for yourself. I've been a vegetarian all my life, and now vegan for six years. Safe to say it is a defining characteristic. How does it compare, though, to when people say things about an artist like, "It's a defining work"? Well, a defining work as an artist is indicative of best representing your style, method of composition, technique, taste, essence, and artistic prowess. A defining work as an artist has all of these.
An artwork that defines you as a person is obviously different, something that is more personal to the artist than their artistic definition, their personal definition. So when I was at an art event with food trucks without vegan options, with people walking around with pots of cows milk mixed with sugar, crisps decorated in various animal scratchings, and even the popcorn for an area with arty films being smothered in butter (a.k.a. cows milk), it's safe to say it makes one vulnerable and self-conscious when you have a painting you created that defines you as a person in what, based on the surroundings, felt almost like hostile territory. I created such a piece to make people think. If it starts a chain of thought but the viewer is surrounded by options that dismiss the essential message of the piece, then it is safe to say that whatever potency the art has is quickly ended by the surrounding vending options being indifferent to the idea expressed. Especially when I got the initial idea for "Reclaiming The Sanctity Of Life" from an Animal Liberation Front stencil.
It's unrealistic, perhaps, to expect a busy art event to cater to vegans or even to recognise that there's a piece on the wall challenging the ethics of the catering they've chosen being that it isn't food, it's violence and exploitation. So at least a variety may be possible. Needless to say the vulnerability, based on the defining nature of the piece, made my senses more observant and scrutinous to such things. It leaves one pretty conflicted. I hear great comments on the piece as art, and I'm happy for my career that my art is in a venue with so many people attending, and I thank them for choosing to involve my pieces. The only issue is that this is more than a piece of art to me, it is me opening myself up on an issue really important to me. Which feels so strange and out of place in some art and how a lot of people seem to have anything about them that isn't authentic. Needless to say the experience wasn't all positive as a vegan, but as an artist it was. All I can do is keeping bringing the vegan message to my art and hope it makes people and organisers think alike.


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Rest Areas to improve driver safety on Eyre Highway
Media Release
09 October 2015
Joint release with:
Stephen Mullighan
SA Minister for Transport and Infrastructure
Rowan Ramsey
Federal Member for Grey
Heavy vehicle drivers are set to benefit from a new truck parking bay and existing rest area upgrades to improve road safety in regional South Australia.
The brand new parking bay will be built about 44 kilometres east of Kyancutta as part of a $6.37 million joint State and Federal project.
Assistant Minister to the Deputy Prime Minister Michael McCormack said the Australian Government had committed $3.185 million towards the new truck parking bay and upgrade works to seven rest areas on the Eyre Highway.
"The Heavy Vehicle Safety and Productivity Programme aims to improve safety and to provide accessible roadside stop-over facilities to ensure truck drivers can operate with greater efficiency and productivity," Mr McCormack said.
"The Australian Government has committed an additional $200 million over five years to continue this important programme, which demonstrates our commitment to safety improvement projects along Australia's major highway infrastructure."
State Transport and Infrastructure Minister Stephen Mullighan said the facilities would provide long distance truck drivers with more opportunities to take a break or catch up on sleep.
"We have been working closely with the trucking industry to create the safest possible environment for them and all other road users," Mr Mullighan said.
"Truck parking bays allow heavy vehicle operators to carry out load checks and take short rest breaks, which reduces the likelihood of fatigue-related crashes."
Federal Member for Grey Rowan Ramsey said the project recognises the ever increasing freight task on our national highway network.
"The trucking industry is pursuing greater safety outcomes and it is up to governments of all persuasions to provide suitable roads and rest areas as a way of supporting the industry's efforts," Mr Ramsey said.
"Truckies carry Australia and our economy is totally dependent on having an efficient freight network. Government's collect large amounts of revenue from the freight industry and it is right and proper that it should be re-invested to provide more efficient and importantly safer freight routes."
The upgrade works will include vegetation removal, earthworks and pavement construction, line marking, new signage, and the installation of shelters, seats and bins.
The initiative forms part of South Australia's Road Safety Strategy 2020 Towards Zero Together, and is jointly by the Federal Government's Heavy Vehicle Safety and Productivity Program and the State Government's Rural Freight Improvement Program.
Works are expected to be completed by early 2016, weather permitting.
Some rest areas will be temporarily closed while the construction works are carried out but alternative truck parking bays will available during this time on the Eyre Highway.


text: Hi i am retiring from the landscaping business and am selling off my equipment. I have a 1998 toro dingo 222 with 400 hours on it, in good condition. Tires are also in good condition. Could someone help me out with the asking price? How much do you guys think it is worth. Please do not say for ex. $500.00 just because you want to buy it. I am not really looking for a seller at this point maybe though instead just want to get some peoples opinions on how much its worth so i can decide if its worth selling it or not. Thanks for your help.


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Alistar General Guide by patukus
Not Updated For Current Season
This guide has not yet been updated for the current season. Please keep this in mind while reading. You can see the most recently updated guides on the browse guides page.
Thank You!
Your votes and comments encourage our guide authors to continue
creating helpful guides for the League of Legends community.
My best Alistar Tank build
Alistar Build
Support Role
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
Alistar as tank
If you are playing alistar as tank, you must focus on your HP level and Armor/Magic Resistance
(it depends on the enemy champions). On levels from 1-7 you must finish Warmog's armor and have Ninja Tabi. Next items you must build as fast as you can in correct order: Sunfire Cape, Spirit Visage. Last two items are extra because with high HP, Armor and Magic Resistance you should win the game. Mana is the last thing that you should have in Alistar tank build. Summoner spells: Heal - To heal fast in critical situation and Ghost for fast running in danger.


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Nourishing From Nature
I've had thick, curly, long hair for as long as I can remember. In fact, when I was little, they called me Annie because my ringlets were so tightly formed. Styling my hair as a kid was a breeze. I'd wash it, put in some product, and I was good…Read More