text:
Yes, I want to arrange a pre-coaching interview with Mark
In an executive presentation skills coaching sessions with Mark, clients will learn, and be coached on, the three essential aspects of effective presentations: organization, development of material, and delivery. Coaching will you help perfect your presentations skills for speaking to both small and large groups. The format of the coaching and training will be tailored to the specific needs and goals of each client.
How does coaching work?
Pre-Coaching Interview
Prior to undertaking a coaching arrangement with a client Mark will sit down (in person or on the phone) and discuss the reasons for the clients desire for presentation skills coaching. In this complimentary pre session interview the clients goals and objectives will be discussed. Mark will also ask the client to complete a self assessment survey to assist Mark in developing a customised coaching program.
Whilst each client receives a personalised program designed for their individual situation and needs. The coaching program will cover all areas of public speaking and presentation skills, including
- Planning a presentation – Mark will share with you the Speech Development Lifecycle framework. This easy to use framework will provide you with the tools to quickly and easily plan an effective presentation.
- Audience Analysis – Learn how to analyse an audience; determine their needs and wants that must be met by your presentation prior to writing your first word. And, during the presentation appreciate the signals being sent by your audience to understand if your presentation is successful.
- Speech Structure – Understand the different speech structures available and when to use each one. Mark will coach you when to use and when not to use each of the speech structures.
- Stories – Mark will work with you to identify and develop stories to make your message more inspirational and memorable
- Body Language & Vocal Variety – Mark will explain to you the importance of non-verbal and verbal communication. You will get the opportunity to practise these skills with Mark. You will receive immediate feedback on your body movement, eye contact, and vocal techniques and how they have positively or negatively impacted the effectiveness of your presentation.
- PowerPoint – Mark will share with you the techniques so you can use PowerPoint professionally. As a tool PowerPoint is extensively used in business presentations around the globe; Mark will step you through the principles of effective slide design and how to deliver your presentation with PowerPoint.
- Q&A sessions – Question and Answer sessions often unnerve inexperienced presenters. Mark will step you through the process of managing a professional Question and Answer session. You will learn how to encourage questions from an unresponsive audience and handle hostile questions or audience members
Yes, I want to arrange a pre-coaching interview with Mark
How much does Coaching cost?
The total investment for coaching will depend upon the outcomes from the pre session interview and self assessment. The personalised coaching program Mark prepares for each client will detail the investment required.
Yes, I want to arrange a pre-coaching interview with Mark
Privacy and Confidentiality
Mark understands and respects your need for confidentiality and privacy. Mark does not disclose any details or information discussed during your coaching sessions.
Yes, I want to arrange a pre-coaching interview with Mark


text:
Indiana bans athletes with history of sexual or domestic violence
by SI NCAAF
Indiana's university and athletic department have implemented a new policy that bans any athletes with history of sexual or domestic violence from participation in any of their athletic programs, according to the Indianapolis Star.
"Any prospective student-athlete—whether a transfer student, incoming freshman, or other status—who has been convicted of or pleaded guilty or no contest to a felony involving sexual violence" would not be added to any sports team.
Sexual violence covers any incidents pertaining to dating violence, domestic violence, rape, sexual assault or sexual violence.
Indiana athletic director Fred Glass is credited with helping lead the passing of the new policy, which includes an appellate process for potential athletes affected.
"I think it's new ground," Glass told the Star. "My hope is that we're leading in this area, and maybe others will follow with, maybe not the exact same policy, but one that fits their particular institutions."
Most recently, football player Kiante Enis was dismissed from Indiana after being arrested on child molestation charges last September.
Written by News Desk
0 Responses
Liberty Cannon
We're here to fix the machine
We're here to fix the machine.
We are here to fix the machine. The machine is the federal government that has been fundamentally transformed the serve the elite instead of "We The People". Our goal is to engage our fellow Americans on the battlefield of ideas to discover the most ideal way for our nation to be governed to provide the most security with the maximum amount of liberty and freedom for all American citizens. We welcome all people from all walks of life and ideologies to engage with us. Join us on the battlefield of ideas.
- Airey, Steven
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
ZYTIGA® (abiraterone acetate) Billing Information
Understanding Billing
Have Billing Questions? We Can Help Get Answers
At Janssen CarePath, we get that there's a lot that goes into managing billing, so we've put together information you may need for ZYTIGA®.
ICD-10 Support
This section contains billing codes.
Forms & Documents
This section contains quick links to forms and documents.
ZYTIGA® (abiraterone acetate) in combination with prednisone is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
Contraindications - ZYTIGA® (abiraterone acetate) is not indicated for use in women. ZYTIGA® can cause fetal harm (Pregnancy Category X) when administered to a pregnant woman and is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant.
Hypertension, Hypokalemia and Fluid Retention Due to Mineralocorticoid Excess - Use with caution in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease or with medical conditions that might be compromised by increases in blood pressure, hypokalemia, or fluid retention. ZYTIGA® may cause hypertension, hypokalemia, and fluid retention as a consequence of increased mineralocorticoid levels resulting from CYP17 inhibition. Safety has not been established in patients with LVEF <50% or New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV heart failure (in Study 1) or NYHA Class II to IV heart failure (in Study 2) because these patients were excluded from these randomized clinical trials. Control hypertension and correct hypokalemia before and during treatment. Monitor blood pressure, serum potassium, and symptoms of fluid retention at least monthly.
Adrenocortical Insufficiency (AI) - AI was reported in patients receiving ZYTIGA® in combination with prednisone, after an interruption of daily steroids and/or with concurrent infection or stress. Use caution and monitor for symptoms and signs of AI if prednisone is stopped or withdrawn, if prednisone dose is reduced, or if the patient experiences unusual stress. Symptoms and signs of AI may be masked by adverse reactions associated with mineralocorticoid excess seen in patients treated with ZYTIGA®. Perform appropriate tests, if indicated, to confirm AI. Increased dosages of corticosteroids may be used before, during, and after stressful situations.
Hepatotoxicity - In postmarketing experience, there have been ZYTIGA®-associated severe hepatic toxicities, including fulminant hepatitis, acute liver failure and deaths. Monitor liver function and modify, withhold, or discontinue ZYTIGA® dosing as recommended (see Prescribing Information for more information). Measure serum transaminases [alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)] and bilirubin levels prior to starting treatment with ZYTIGA®, every two weeks for the first three months of treatment, and monthly thereafter. Promptly measure serum total bilirubin, AST, and ALT if clinical symptoms or signs suggestive of hepatotoxicity develop. Elevations of AST, ALT, or bilirubin from the patient's baseline should prompt more frequent monitoring. If at any time AST or ALT rise above five times the upper limit of normal (ULN) or the bilirubin rises above three times the ULN, interrupt ZYTIGA® treatment and closely monitor liver function. Re-treatment with ZYTIGA® at a reduced dose level may take place only after return of liver function tests to the patient's baseline or to AST and ALT less than or equal to 2.5X ULN and total bilirubin less than or equal to 1.5X ULN.
Permanently discontinue ZYTIGA® for patients who develop a concurrent elevation of ALT greater than 3X ULN and total bilirubin greater than 2X ULN in the absence of biliary obstruction or other causes responsible for the concurrent elevation.
Adverse Reactions - The most common adverse reactions (≥10%) are fatigue, joint swelling or discomfort, edema, hot flush, diarrhea, vomiting, cough, hypertension, dyspnea, urinary tract infection and contusion.
The most common laboratory abnormalities (>20%) are anemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, hypertriglyceridemia, lymphopenia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, elevated AST, hypophosphatemia, elevated ALT and hypokalemia.
Drug Interactions - Based on in vitro data, ZYTIGA® is a substrate of CYP3A4. In a drug interaction trial, co-administration of rifampin, a strong CYP3A4 inducer, decreased exposure of abiraterone by 55%. Avoid concomitant strong CYP3A4 inducers during ZYTIGA® treatment. If a strong CYP3A4 inducer must be co-administered, increase the ZYTIGA® dosing frequency only during the co-administration period [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)]. In a dedicated drug interaction trial, co-administration of ketoconazole, a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4, had no clinically meaningful effect on the pharmacokinetics of abiraterone.
ZYTIGA® is an inhibitor of the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP2C8. Avoid co-administration with CYP2D6 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index. If alternative treatments cannot be used, exercise caution and consider a dose reduction of the CYP2D6 substrate drug. In a CYP2C8 drug interaction trial in healthy subjects, the AUC of pioglitazone, a CYP2C8 substrate, was increased by 46% when administered with a single dose of ZYTIGA®. Patients should be monitored closely for signs of toxicity related to a CYP2C8 substrate with a narrow therapeutic index if used concomitantly with ZYTIGA®.
Use in Specific Populations - Do not use ZYTIGA® in patients with baseline severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C).


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You won't get that many digits from a double. At least not many you can rely on.Originally Posted by laserlight
You won't get that many digits from a double. At least not many you can rely on.Originally Posted by laserlight
All the buzzt!
"There is not now, nor has there ever been, nor will there ever be, any programming language in which it is the least bit difficult to write bad code."
- Flon's Law
If you feel sorry for their server, there are lots of threads on pi, try searching for "pi". Here's one about the plot thickening of 100,000 digits: http://cboard.cprogramming.com/showthread.php?t=58833In fact, why calculate it at all. A million places of percision is ok, right
Seek and ye shall find. quaere et invenies.
"Simplicity does not precede complexity, but follows it." -- Alan Perlis
"Testing can only prove the presence of bugs, not their absence." -- Edsger Dijkstra
"The only real mistake is the one from which we learn nothing." -- John Powell
Other boards: DaniWeb, TPS
Unofficial Wiki FAQ: cpwiki.sf.net
My website: http://dwks.theprogrammingsite.com/
Projects: codeform, xuni, atlantis, nort, etc.


text:
In this Cyberchase video clip, Jackie and Matt must find the correct combination of keys and knobs in order to open a locked door. Students will learn that the best way to organize various combinations is to create a grid of possibilities.
© 2018 PBS & WGBH Educational Foundation. All rights reserved.
You must be logged in to use this featureLog In Enter Code Need an account?


text:
While every homeschooler can benefit from using a Chromebook, high school students can gain extra advantages from using them. The teen years can be a very busy time even for homeschooled teens. Often they are ensconced in extracurricular activities which pull them from home on a regular basis. With a Chromebook, they could easily continue schooling on the go.
Most teens can homeschool independently, and a Chromebook can add just another dimension to that, especially when you factor in the apps for education that are so widely available.
One of my favorite apps and one that every student should be using is, Quizlet. This app is completely free and lets you study anything using six different study modes. Your student could use this app on their phone as well as their Chromebook.
Another essential for high school learning is the Vocabulary Spelling City Android app. If your student is college bound, it is essential that they build and maintain an expansive vocabulary.
GeoGebra is an interactive math software for learning all kinds of math. It works with Google Drive which makes it another great app for Chromebook users.
Make history come alive for your teen with TimeMaps: World History Atlas. This app has hundreds of maps that can be zoomed to different levels of detail and narrative.
This is just a small sampling of what is available to a high school student equipped with a Chromebook computer. It's simply mind boggling the number of education apps available.


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Topeka The Kansas Supreme Court has disbarred a Kansas City, Mo., attorney and disciplined three other lawyers.
Losing his license to practice in Kansas courts was John Edward Rogers. Rogers surrendered his license to practice law in Missouri in September 1998, when he faced allegations that he solicited clients improperly through a marketing agreement with a chiropractor.
The Kansas court also:
- Suspended the license of Christopher E. Lucas, of Overland Park, for two years, over his handling of business matters for his firm.
- Suspended for one year the license of Susan M. Shumway, of Olathe, over her handling of a paternity case.
- Ordered Mark J. Sachse, of Kansas City to have his law practice supervised by another attorney for two years over his handling of a personal injury case.
Copyright 2018 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. We strive to uphold our values for every story published.


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TUESDAY night's game against Portsmouth should have been a timely hangover cure for Liverpool after the disappointment of the derby defeat.
But thanks to those last gasp defensive errors, the headache is still there - and it's going to last at least until Sunday lunchtime when Newcastle arrive at Anfield.
It is all so annoying because we know we have got some great players in the team, Steven Gerrard, Sami Hyypia, Jamie Carragher, Alonso and Hamann, for instance. But then there are others who we know are struggling - or who are just not good enough to still be around.
I agree with many supporters who feel Benitez got it wrong making so many substitutions right at the end of the game when Liverpool were leading. It might break the game up but it also breaks your own rhythm up and can affect concentration.
I've always believed that if it ain't broke, you shouldn't fix it.
Josemi looked a good player when he first arrived but recently he has looked like a weakness and it was another mistake of his which handed possession back to Portsmouth for their goal - although Dudek was obviously badly at fault with the cross as well.
The fans, though, have got to keep supporting the manager. He's still learning about English football and he's got problems which he'll be as anxious as anyone to put right in strengthening the squad, if not totally rebuilding it.
I certainly feel more sorry for Benitez than I do for some of the players.
Okay, he has made a few mistakes but so do all managers. Until he really has had time to shape this squad the way he wants it, the fans will just have to keep backing him the way they have been doing.
So if Tuesday was a game we were supposed to win to get back on track after losing to Everton, then Sunday's really is a must win encounter now.
Newcastle are struggling and are one of the teams Liverpool will be looking to finish above if they are to qualify for Europe this season. The gap over the sides at the top - and obviously that includes the Blues - is getting pretty significant and the three points on Sunday really are vital.
To close it, the players are going to have to lift themselves and quickly. Tuesday was a night to get the job done and the points in the bag, so to have come so close and blown it leaves everyone so very disappointed.
They'll just have to forget about it, pick themselves up and get at Newcastle from the start, which is what we didn't do against Portsmouth.
Maybe then, by Sunday afternoon we can all cheer up a bit in time for Christmas. Now, pass the paracetamol.


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Ambient Dub
ACiD WAV AiFF SAMPLES
'Ambient Dub' from Equinox Sounds features 15 highly atmospheric Construction Kits for producing the best Dub meets Ambient music. You'll get a total of 244 melodic and rhythmic loops at 24-Bit/44.1 kHz. Available in ACID/WAV and Apple Loops formats.
'Ambient Dub' is a collection featuring Construction Kits for producing the best Dub meets Ambient music. You will find a beautiful, bass-heavy, laid-back set of electronic soundscapes, chilled synthesizer lines and colourful melodies playing on top of mesmerizing basslines and relaxed beats.
Includes a selection of 15 highly atmospheric Ambient Dub Construction Kits and each Construction Kit is provided with the BPM/Key information and presented with a full mix and it's component parts.
You'll get a total of 244 loops and phrases containing basslines, synthlines, pads and strings, soundscapes plus drum loops and their isolated parts (snares, kicks, hi-hats, rides, cymbals, clay drums…).
These loops can be used together to create complete tracks or they can be used individually to serve as a foundation. Alternatively, you can use these flavours to embellish your existing tracks.
Mark the Release MAGNETRiXX 03 September 2014 | 1.2 GB
Vote, and then, in comments leave a review, if you want or you can spend a few minutes ... .. go to expression ...
• 15 Construction Kits in ACID/WAV format
• 15 Construction Kits in Apple Loops format
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• Apple Loops
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DOWNLOAD: Ambient Dub ACiD WAV AiFF SAMPLES- GO TO SOURCE…
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Wherever the River Runs
Author and musician Kelly Minter lives in Nashville, Tennessee, and serves the Lord passionately both across the U.S. and internationally in a variety of creative roles. Below is an excerpt from her book about missions on the Amazon River, titled "Wherever The River Runs; How a Forgotten People Renewed My Hope in the Gospel". After being invited on


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River cruises, boat hire, parties and boat service on the Thames
Blackfeather Boat Charter offers full day boat charters along the River Thames around Henley-on-Thames and beyond. Our full day Thames charters are from 10.30am – 5pm although we can be flexible to suit your timings.
Blackfeather is ideal for families, private parties, corporate events or even bespoke charters, such as photography trips. If you fancy an evening cruise or a top day out to see one of Henley's events this summer we can plan a memorable day. The itinerary is yours to choose, from the Royal Regatta, Henley Music Festival, Rewind Festival to any day of your choice exploring Berkshire, Buckinghamshire or Oxfordshire's countryside.
Enjoy a Thames boat cruise with us. Have a look at some of our sample itineraries or discuss your requirements with us by contacting us here or call 07766 880 738.


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Just a Bunch of Images of You Ignoring Your Responsibilities This Summer
It's finally summer 😎🙌
A time where you promise yourself you'll be productive but in fact you just do what you do every summer…
1. You allow yourself a week or two to just ☺relax☺
2. But realise that time, as always, is moving pretty quickly.
when you pretend you're fine but you're really not pic.twitter.com/rj82IhTmWw
— 니나 (@sorryimnena) March 29, 2016
3. The space you have between now and starting uni again is getting smaller.
4. Which means deadlines are coming.
5. Revision will soon be back in your life.
6. And the reading lists. Oh God, the reading lists 😰😰
When life sneaks up on you and you have to pretend everything is fine pic.twitter.com/ncASt4D3aT
— julianna pagano (@julianna613) August 12, 2015
7. You could be spending this time preparing.
8. Or getting a job so you can go back with a bit of money.
9. But instead you insist everything's fine.
10. There's nothing to worry about.
11. This is summer after all. A time for taking it easy.
12. For enjoying home comforts. Like food.
13. And just appreciating the freedom.
14. Uni will still be there no matter what you do.
15. And besides, that's a problem for September.
16. For now, you just try to enjoy summer.
17. Hoping everything will be cool.
18. Because it always is, right?


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Apple Inc. has filed for a patent describing a computer mouse having a touch-sensative shell capable of accepting multi-touch finger gestures, similar to the surface of the company's iPhone handset.
"The invention relates to a configurable mouse with an extended sensing surface, which provides the mouse a customizable, programmable or adaptable way of generating inputs," Apple wrote in the filing.
A "position detection mechanism" would detect the movement of the mouse along a surface, while "a multipoint touch detection mechanism" would simultaneously gather feedback from one or more objects that are contacting or in close proximity to a substantially large portion of the grippable mouse shell. "The mouse additionally includes a controller for processing signals generated by the position detection mechanism and multipoint touch detection mechanism," Apple explained.
Source:? AppleInsider
Apple, Multi-Touch, Computer, Mice, Apple News


text:
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This is a book with a double thrust. Dr Mosse presents an unremittingly logical assault upon the Synoptic Problem which develops into a general treatment of the major issues in New Testament history. Repeatedly affirming the testimony of Papias and the Early Fathers, Mosse offers a carefully integrated case for early dates and traditional authorship of the three Synoptic Gospels and Acts in opposition to the redundant hypothesis of Q. This in turn leads into a study of Paul's later career, including a detailed discussion of the dates and provenance of his later epistles.Along the way he addresses cruces such as the chronology of Jesus' ministry in "Mark" and "John"; the day and date of the crucifixion; the identification and dates of Paul's visits to Jerusalem; Paul's ever-changing Corinthian itineraries; the date and addressees of Galatians; and many others. All this is supported by a wealth of reference material including a full chronology of the New Testament and a historical survey of all the epistles in their probable sequence. The end product has a wide appeal which will attract New Testament specialists as well as students of theology, preachers and laity seeking to refresh their understanding of modern New Testament scholarship.
Item Description...
Buy The Three Gospels: New Testament History Introduced by the Synoptic Problem [Biblical Monographs series] by Martin Mosse from our Christian Books store - isbn: 9781556356605 & 1556356609
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text:
Can We Go To Mars
Recently we have watched so very interesting shows the most resent was "Can We Go To Mars". Scientists are working on making us able to go to mars there is still a couple of years left before we can go. If we chose to go now it would take 2.5 years to get there over 1 million pounds of food and would cost a lot. Not only are the trying to make it possible they are trying to make it more comfortable by building better g suites and other things like that. Though we still have a long way to go to mars they have robots there discovering things every day. Many people ask was there life on mars and scientists are finding fossilized bacteria and minerals that are in water. So perhaps there was life once maybe we will live there and find out for sure or maybe it is just a barren wast land.
- Chemistry
- The Move…


text:
UVI Sound FX
Sounds for your favorite video or audio software !
UVI Sound FX is a unique app in the Mac App Store world: if you need high quality, royalty-free sound FXs, it's the perfect tool box whever you work on a video, audio or music project.
UVI Sound FX contains hundreds of professional, out of the box sound FXs that you will be able to browse, play, drag and drop to your favorite video or audio software in a snap.
It's that simple!
Included categories :
> Natural
(Ambiences, Animals, Fire, Rain, Water, Winds)
> Urban
(Airport, Cars, City Ambience, Crowd, Emergency, Sports, Transportation)
> Foley
(Animations, Doors, Footsteps, Impact, Machine, Work, Home)
> Sci-Fi
(Aliens, Booms, Computers, Horror, Robot, Unreal)
> Musical
(Drones, Misc, Pads, Rumble, Sub, Textures)
UVI Sound FX features :
- Super easy to use interface
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- 100% royalty-free
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- Compatible with built-in or third-party sound cards.
Most Helpful Reviews
Really? - not that great at all, I just waisted time and a lot of money on this terrible app!
More Reviews for Current Version
not bad but could be better - Most of the fx's are good but its not worth the 30 dollars for the amount they give you.


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CH Offshore Charter Out Two AHTS
Singapore's CH Offshore Ltd has chartered out two AHTS vessels on long term bareboat charters to an unamed company.
The charter concerns the "Amethyst", a 2007-built 12,240 brake horsepower anchor-handling tug supply vessel and the "Turquoise", a 2007-built 12,240 brake horsepower anchor-handling tug supply vessel, for a period of three years each, with an option to purchase at the expiration of the charter.
CH offshore
The company is an offshore service provider offering a wide range of services to the offshore oil and gas industry.To cater for the exploration and production of oil and gas in both shallow and deep waters, CHO has a fleet of Anchor-handling Tug/Supply (AHTS) vessels with Bollard Pull ranging from 50 Tonnes to 150 Tonnes.


text:
Written By : ForexAbode.com || Saturday, 19 July 2014 19:44 GMT
AUD/JPY Fundamental Analysis & Economic Strength Meter - July 20, 2014
The AUD/JPY fundamental analysis is updated weekly. This is mainly derived from the recent major economic releases and news. The AUD/JPY economic strength meter at the bottom shows the relative strength or weakness of the recent economic releases and news from Australia and Japan, which may affect the relative strength of Australian dollar versus Japanese yen.
AUD/JPY - Recent economic releases
AUD: Chinese economic data has a strong positive correlation with the strength of the Australian dollar. The last week's economic releases from China were generally positive. The year over year GDP change in Q2 was 7.5% against the previous 7.4%. The quarter over quarter GDP change was 2.0% against the previous 1.4%. Year over year industrial production came out as 9.2% against the previous 8.8% and the year over year, year to date urban investments rose slightly by 17.3% against the previous 17.2%. Year over year retail sales saw a slight decline from 12.5% to 12.4%.
AUD: CB (Conference Board Australia) Leading Indicator: 0.2% against the previous -0.2%.
AUD: National Australia Bank's Business Confidence (QoQ in Q2): 6 against the previous 7.
JPY: Industrial Production (YoY): 1.0% against the previous 3.8%
JPY: Bank of Japan's Monetary Policy Meeting's Minutes: The minutes had provided mixed sentiments. The export situation has not been good, with the first quarter of the year seen a marginal decline in the real exports and then April 2014 saw only a marginal increase which was less than expected. The business fixed investments saw a moderate increase with improvements in corporate profits. Employment and earning situation has been improving and with that the private consumption was also improving during the first quarter but took a hit in April due to the consumption tax hike. However, the retail sales again saw an improvement from May 2014. The monetary base had increased significantly as asset purchases by the Bank had progressed, and the year-on-year rate of growth had been at around 45 percent. As for the outlook for the economy, members concurred that it was likely to continue its moderate recovery as a trend, while it would be affected by the subsequent decline in demand following the front-loaded increase prior to the consumption tax hike.
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Phylum Mollusca (1)
Phylum Mollusca ranges from Cambrian to Recent. Members of this phylum exhibit bilateral symmetry. A shell encloses the soft parts of many mollusks. They have a foot adapted for burrowing, movement on the substrate, or food grasping. Three classes important in the fossil record are Bivalvia, Gastropoda, and Cephalopoda.
Class Bivalvia
This class includes clams, oysters, scallops, and mussels. The shells have two valves and are composed of layered calcite and aragonite. In many bivalves, the two valves are mirror images, unlike brachiopod valves, which are different from each other. Muscles hold the valves together, and some bivalves have a flexible ligament that acts as a spring and opens the shells when the muscles relax. One or two muscles are present, and muscle scars are visible on the interior of the shell. An organ called the mantle secretes the shell by adding calcite along its edge. The pallial line marks the mantle attachment to the shell. If siphons are present, the interior of the shell shows an indentation called a pallial sinus. This indentation commonly indicates a burrowing habit for the bivalve. The incurrent siphon takes in seawater, the gills remove food and oxygen and move the food to the mouth. Wastes move out of the body through the excurrent siphon. The shells hinge together in the beak area. Teeth and sockets on either valve fit the shells together.


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I had been going through some boxes, stuffed in a closet at my parents house that I leave for years on end because I never have a home of my own to put them in. I came across a series of textbooks from Cegep (college). They were from a course that was a requirement for my program, where we studied the basics of arts, history, and current events from the Mesopotamia to the present. I loved the class. By memorizing lines from the Decameron and analyzing the ideas behind Gin Lane and A Modest Proposal, I thought that it would equip me to take on the world. That's what we're told, right? Study what you love, study hard, and good stuff will happen. Well, not always. I reflected on all that I've learnt and all I've been told and I realized: My life just doesn't add up. So I sighed and said to myself "I want to start it all over again."
Maybe my life has been so awesome that I just want to live out my 20's again. I just want to go another round before I turn...30. Maybe it's because when I'm at the coffee shop writing I am surrounded by students cramming for their exams, I see a glimmer in their eyes that I just don't have. This shouldn't be the result of getting older. This shouldn't be the reality.
I want to go back to the time when everything was in front of me. When I was surrounded by young minds and crazy teachers on a daily basis discussing important issues, rather than sharing our mundane plans for the future. I don't care that you just bought a house...what can we do to solve the global financial crisis? How can we work to make our city more like Copenhagen? What do you think of David Sedaris' latest?
As I was re-reading my text book late at night, I realized that over ten years have passed since college. I've worked, traveled, gained and lost a ton of friends, fallen in love, volunteered in different countries, accomplished things that I'm proud of, lived in many different apartments in a few cities. My faith has grown, my knowledge of the world has too. When I look back at the things I've been fortunate enough to have been a part of and my head tells me that I shouldn't whine and complain. I can't help but feel like something is missing.
I don't want to live in a world where the way up, is down. Myself along with many other people I know have comprised their values and dreams for jobs. A brother of one of my good childhood friends recently purchased a house with his long term girlfriend. Doesn't this seem like a happy life event from an outsider's perspective? A year ago he left his receptionist job at a gym for a cubicle in a bank. A gym job is not the kind of job that buys big bills, especially a mortgage in a suburb, and it's not the kind of thing that impresses at family gatherings and reunions. His response when my good friend offered her sympathies when he complained to her about the bank, and she reminded him that he should maybe return to the gym, to an environment and a job he liked, was this: "It's too late for me." He owes one bank. And he needs to get paid from another. There's no turning back.
This is my biggest fear. My second biggest fear is having no idea and no prospects into some sort of professional career for myself by the time I'm 30. I'm about to have my second biggest fear realized because of the intensity I feel towards Fear Number One. This is another reason I miss school: You're biggest fear is that you might fail an exam or a paper. When the crutch of school is taken away, you're biggest fear becomes that you might fail at life.
Perhaps I'm being melodramatic. I'm aware of this. But I'm sure some of you must feel this way too. It's a fickle world out there , and every week I'm hearing new sad stories. Acquaintances I have who don't settle for low pressure love, end up on a slew of horrible first dates with disenfranchised and deluded men who think they deserve supermodels. Friends quit good jobs with horrible bosses to start companies with good values that end up going practically nowhere. People commit years of their lives to organizations that suddenly fall, and they're supposed to pick up the pieces and make a new life for themselves. Living with passion and ambition doesn't pay off a lot of the time. "Do it anyway," Mother Theresa wrote. Sadly I'm beginning to doubt this phrase.
What I'm wondering is this: If in Cegep I knew how stressful it would be at 29, would I have made the same decisions? Would I have made "safer" ones, instead of hasty ones? Would I have just picked a trade and stuck with it? I wouldn't have seen as much beauty or met as many fantastic strangers, but at least I wouldn't be losing my hair by my late 20's. When we feel this way, sometimes the only thing to do is breathe and reboot. Well fine, can I reboot to the first day of college? Books in hand and hope in heart?


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The early morning sun breaks through the clouds on the road to 13th Beach near Barwon Heads.
Pentax K5 Camera. – 1/10 Sec. @ f16 ISO 100Pentax 18-55 lens – 40mm. CPL and GND Filters .A RAW image edited in ACDSee Pro5.
australia geelong victoria road road to glory sun clouds sunrays phil thomson ipa philt pentax k5 acdsee pro5 weather
Lovely work Phil!
Terrific capture – great timing
Very dramatic
Great atmosphere.
PHIL…love it !!!
Magical Phil! All roads lead to home where the heart is!! :)
An image of great beauty ~ a vision of a greater promise!!! What a wonderful title!!
Very beautiful image Phil!
Fantastic and most wonderful image. GLORIOUS sunrise too.
Excellent shot
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The Trend Of Welfare Disparity Among Subgroups Of Population In Australia 1983-84 - 1993-94
The aim of this paper is to estimate the trend of social welfare for Australia using 1983-84, 1988-89 and 1993-94 Household Expenditure Survey data. The functional form of the Social Welfare Function (SWF) was derived by Sen, Degum, Yitzhaki and Shesinski (all independently). Since the function contains the Gini coefficient as the inequality parameter, it could not be formally disaggregated by subgroups of population. This paper, using a method of subgroup decomposition of the Gini coefficient developed by Podder, attempts to disaggregate the SWF. With this method it is now possible to identify disadvantaged groups by their relative shares in total welfare. In addition the method is used to determine effect of economic growth on specific subgroups, and in turn, on total social welfare. This study is based on the Australian economy. We identify distribution of relative shares of total social welfare among various regional groups, groups determined by occupational status and groups determined by country of birth. The effect on society's welfare for a percentage change in income of a group and the trend of relative welfare of a specific group are also computed. This information can be used in a variety of social decision making situations, including cost benefit analysis.
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| Web page: http://www.fas.nus.edu.sg/ecs/index.html
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How to remove Uninstall Master (Virus Removal Guide)
Uninstall Master by Polypower Technology Inc. (UninstallMaster) is a potentially unwanted program (PUP) that bundles with other unwanted programs and uses collected browser data (such as all activities, bookmarks, and history) to serve targeted advertisements it feels internet users are most likely to click on. This program also changes existing internet browser settings in order to cause browser redirects to mystart.uninstallmaster.com and searches.uninstallmaster.com.
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In covering the St. Louis Rams and all of their activity prior to the 2013 NFL Draft, General Manager Les Snead just seems like a guy I would want to pull up a bar stool with and talk about life. Snead has an attitude that is rarely seen in the league as a rare blend of business and casual, but most of the time it seems like he doesn't even realize it. Along with the rest of the Rams' scouts and coaches (including head honcho Jeff Fisher), he will be plenty busy over the next three days. Just which way the team may be leaning regarding their slate of picks is still very much up in the air.
The misdirection surrounding the draft is no mystery. Every team does it with some even taking it to an extreme and scheduling visits with players they have no intention of selecting. In an interview session regarding the draft, Snead told the St. Louis Post-Dispatch: "So don't be offended if everything we say up here is not totally accurate."
No offense taken, Les.
One thing that Snead has shown in his short time as the GM is that he is not at all averse to draft day trades. He wouldn't rule anything out when asked about the idea of moving up to get a player saying:
"Even if you trade up I don't think that player is necessarily, 'Hey, he's gonna put you over the top. You're gonna go undefeated per se.' But if there's somebody there that you want, that you think fills a role, helps the team, you can go get him."
Another topic that came up in the pre-draft grilling session was with Coach Fisher and his track record of not selecting offensive linemen in the first round. To dispel any thought that he has apprehension toward doing just that, Fisher said:
"It was circumstance. There was one taken or two taken before I got there in the first round. They played a long time and they played at a high level. In the past, I think if you do a good job of evaluating and projecting, you can get quality players throughout the draft and that was our philosophy. I think we've done a real good job of evaluating up to this point."
There's clearly a sense of confidence with the Rams as they head into the final hours before the 2013 selection process. While many have linked players like wide receiver Tavon Austin and safety Kenny Vaccaro to the Rams from the start, plans can change in just one pick and that will force a team to readjust their entire draft board. This club appears to be quite content with their evaluations leading up to the draft and that poise will serve them well when the heat is on starting Thursday evening.
Anthony Blake is a Senior Writer/Copy Editor for Rant Sports. You Can Follow Him on Twitter, on Facebook, or add him to your network on Google.


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CULTS. Scholars and religious leaders, as well as the public, often have debated the defining characteristics of religious groups known as cults. Many Christian leaders, disturbed by the increase in such groups, label almost all variations from mainstream religion as cults, contending that they have a disruptive effect on society and on their followers. Others divide religious movements into three categories: churches, sects, and cults. All agree that churches represent mainstream religious authority. Mainstream religious leaders disagree on the characteristics of sects and cults. Some contend that sects represent a variation of Western religions and that cults adopt belief systems from non-Western sources. Others argue that all religious movements, Western or non-Western, begin as cults and, as they grow in popularity and power, evolve into sects and, finally, churches. Using this second argument, one could identify the Seventh-Day Adventists, the Mormons, and the Christian Scientists as groups that successfully shed their cult status and acknowledge utopian communities like Oneida, Amana, New Harmony, and the Shakers as religious groups that failed to survive as churches. Basically, the categorization of religious alternatives as cults rests on the extent to which they challenge mainstream religious institutions.
Historically, the United States has seen a variety of religious movements. Since the earliest years of European colonization, tension has existed between members of churches and adherents of smaller and less empowered religious beliefs. The nation's ensurance of disestablishment (that the state would not designate a particular religious group as favored by civil authorities) and the First Amendment guarantee of religious freedom allowed a number of alternative religious groups to take root and flourish in the United States. Indeed, the same national guidelines that allowed nontraditional religious groups to establish themselves in the United States also created a climate favorable to religious expression and may account for the generally religious character of most Americans. Religious groups identified as cults proliferated during the twentieth century. Decline of religious authority, increase in contact between people of diverse backgrounds, and development of mass communication allowed cult leaders to gain personal followings through newspapers and other periodicals, radio, television, and computerized mailing lists. Cults appeared in all regions of the United States, often in areas receiving an influx of migrants. In the early 1900s the West Coast, a region experiencing massive immigration, became known for religious experimentation. Mainstream religious denominations were not well established there, and migrants formed groups with beliefs reflecting their new lives. Cults often arose from groups virtually excluded from mainstream denominations and even from society at large, such as people of color, women, the young, and the poor. Marginalized, they found strength through religious alternatives. Cults also appealed to people seeking to restore their physical and mental health, having found little hope from mainstream religion.
One of the first mass cults was Father Divine's Peace Mission Movement. An African American minister who taught the power of positive thinking and encouraged his disciples to recognize him as God, Father Divine built a national and international following beginning in the 1930s and lasting through the 1950s. Known for elaborate ceremonies that often consisted of extravagant banquets, he attracted much attention. Other African American religious leaders, such as Daddy Grace, founder of the United House of Prayer for All People, and Guy W. Ballard, leader of the I AM, came to national prominence during these same years.
Cults increased tremendously in the 1960s and 1970s. In this era of rebellion and reform, many people were inspired to question authority. A variety of faiths appeared, with Eastern mysticism gaining much popularity. Probably the most notable new group was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), better known as the Hare Krishnas. A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada had established the ISKCON in India and brought it to the United States in 1965, when he began proselytizing in New York City's Tompkins Square Park and attracted followers associated with the hippie movement. He opened a temple and commenced publication of Back to Godhead, devoted to yoga, meditation, and vegetarianism. A resurgence of interest in Christianity in the 1970s led to the Jesus People movement, which sponsored Bible studies and revivals. Several of its groups established communes. Out of this cult came the Family of Love, better known as the Children of God. A highly controversial group, the Children of God borrowed features from the Christian holiness movement. The cult was accused of recruiting by brainwashing and through a technique
known as flirty fishing, which involved securing converts through sexual favors.
Of all groups to gain prominence during this era, the Unification Church, founded by the Reverend Sun Myung Moon, proved the most controversial. Oriented toward fundamentalist Christianity and politically conservative, the Unification Church supervised the lives and activities of followers and focused on preparing the world for God's kingdom on earth. On joining the church, single members practiced celibacy and devoted themselves to missionary work. At the end of their initiation, church leaders paired members with suitable mates and married them in mass ceremonies. Throughout the 1970s and into the 1980s, the Unification Church recruited on college campuses and gained a foothold in publishing through ownership of the Washington Times, while building a large portfolio of business investments. Reverend Moon alarmed many members of mainstream churches through the authority he exerted and his claim of being the Lord of the Second Advent, a role analogous to Christ.
An anticult movement developed during this time, targeting so-called destructive cults. According to anti-cultists, destructive cults exhibited three characteristics: demand for unquestioning acceptance of a leader, recruitment through brainwashing, and maintenance of secrecy. Anticultists received enormous attention in the mid-1960s with the publication of The Kingdom of the Cults by an Evangelical Christian author, Walter Martin. The book underwent thirty-six printings between 1965 and 1985 and was still in print in 2001. It heightened concerns about the possible use of brainwashing in cults.
The anticult movement developed methods of de-programming, designed to reorient cult members toward mainstream spirituality, but in many ways the methods of deprogrammers resembled the tactics of the supposed programmers. In the 1970s there were frequent reports of families who hired deprogrammers to kidnap their children from a cult, take them to secluded places, and spend days, sometimes weeks, breaking down their acceptance of cult teachings.
The rise of the anticult movement in the United States led to tensions and sometimes even violence. One of the most alarming incidents occurred in Guyana, South America, where the San Francisco cult minister Jim Jones had relocated his Peoples Temple in the hope of establishing an interracial religious commune and farming cooperative. In November 1978, shortly after U.S. Congressman Leo Ryan and four members of his party were killed by Jones's cult members, Jones presided over a suicide ceremony in which his followers drank cyanide.
Academics who study groups targeted by anticultists prefer the term "new religious movement," to the term "cult" and criticize anticultists for jeopardizing religious freedom in the United States. They emphasize that destructive cults are rare, that few cult members are coerced into joining, and that most cult followers leave groups of their own accord.
Incidents at the close of the twentieth century again increased fears of cult activity. Concern over the dangers presented by cults that stockpiled arms achieved national prominence in 1993 when a clash occurred between federal authorities and the Branch Davidians, a Bible-based cult led by a former rock musician named David Koresh, who claimed to be a messiah. Another armed cult, the Church Universal and Triumphant, led by Elizabeth Clare Prophet, received attention for its activities and ownership of bomb shelters in Paradise Valley, Montana. The group's presence generated a great deal of hostility from the local population. In March 1997, members of the Heaven's Gate cult engaged in a mass suicide, believing their souls would enter higher beings in a spaceship traveling behind the comet Hale-Bopp. The group, led by Marshall Herff Applewhite, used the Internet to recruit members and supported itself by designing World Wide Web sites. Its use of contemporary technology led many anticultists to fear the potential reach of the Inter-net as the millennium approached, but nothing on the scale of the Heaven's Gate suicides ocurred in the United States between 1997 and 2001.
Bromley, David G., and Anson D. Shupe, Jr. Strange Gods: The Great American Cult Scare. Boston: Beacon Press, 1981.
Melton, J. Gordon. Encyclopedic Handbook of Cults in America. Rev. and updated ed. Religious Information Systems Series, vol. 7. New York: Garland, 1992.
Melton, J. Gordon, and Robert L. Moore. The Cult Experience: Responding to the New Religious Pluralism. New York: Pilgrim Press, 1982.
Washington, Joseph R., Jr. Black Sects and Cults: The Power Axis in an Ethnic Ethic. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday Anchor, 1973.
JillWatts/f. b.
See alsoAfrican American Religions and Sects ; Jonestown Massacre ; Nativist Movements (American Indian Revival Movements) ; Religion and Religious Affiliation ; Waco Siege .
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"Cults." Dictionary of American History. . Encyclopedia.com. 17 Jan. 2018 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.
"Cults." Dictionary of American History. . Encyclopedia.com. (January 17, 2018). http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/cults
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The term cult is derived from a Latin root meaning "to break ground," particularly in preparing (cultivating) a field for domesticated crops. The same root is seen in culture, in both a specialized scientific sense (a bacteria culture ) and in a broader social sense (human culture ). By extension, it was originally used in a religious sense, meaning behavior glorifying a deity or saint (the "cult" of Saint James). By the nineteenth century, the word came to be used pejoratively about those who were excessively devoted to popular authors (the "cult" of Wordsworth), worshiping them as modern "saints." Around 1900, this pejorative use influenced anthropologists to use cult to refer to ancient or allegedly primitive religious practices (as in "cult" objects or "cargo cults").
The popularity of this negative sense makes the term difficult to define objectively, since a "cult" in an outsider's eyes may well be a "new religion" to someone inside the group. Both the positive and negative uses of the term, however, agree that a cult is a small religious group that exists in tension with a predominant religion. In particular, such groups are highly cohesive in structure and are headed by a dominant leader who influences members' behavior in dramatic ways. They pursue a transcendent goal, claiming that the truths they preserve will transform all of society, and encourage direct religious experience through participation in rituals intended to foster ecstatic or supernatural phenomena. Often (though not always) they are apocalyptic in nature, holding that contemporary society is hopelessly corrupt and will soon be destroyed or transformed through the direct intervention of supernatural forces.
Cult behavior in the ordinary sense needs to be differentiated from the popular image of dangerous cults, drawn from the most extreme cases. In the popular imagination, cult leaders prey on impressionable youth and use mind control, brainwashing, hypnosis, and physical and sexual abuse to entrap and hold them against their will. "Cult" activity, in the most sensationalized images, includes ritualized sex abuse, self-mutilation, and, in some unconfirmed accounts, animal and human blood sacrifice. Often the agenda of such groups is thought to be to overturn organized religion or to promote the political agenda of evil others. Contributing to such pejorative images is the faux-etymology of cult as derived from occult, although this term, originally meaning "hidden" or "concealed," has a distinct history. Few of these claims have ever held up to skeptical inquiry; nevertheless, popular accounts frequently assume that sociopathic behavior is integral to these cults' activities.
Most cults in the historical record have been shortlived, but some persist to become the nuclei of important religious movements. Cults in both senses have been commonplace in European history from ancient times. Mystery cults, common in the Greek and Roman world, clearly were seen as charismatic movements that presented challenges to mainstream religions. Such groups, particularly the Bacchanalia, were frequently accused of being cults in the negative, sociopathic sense. Similarly, the persecution of the early Christian church by Roman authorities was based on persistent rumors that it was a dangerous cult that abducted and cannibalized babies.
During medieval times, Christianity itself fostered the growth of locally based movements devoted to the veneration of a local saint. Many of these developed into cultlike groups, and, while most were limited to a town or region in their influence, some, like the followers of Saint Francis of Assisi (c. 1181–1226), became important institutions (the Franciscan monks) in their own right. In early modern times, a number of breakaway factions of Protestant Christianity similarly began as small, strongly differentiated cults, and then grew into persistent religious movements. Some of these groups, like the Shakers, eventually declined, while others, like the Amish and Mormons (Church of Latter-day Saints) developed into stable institutions.
During the late twentieth century, rumors of cult activities in the United States especially developed around the development of new religious movements. Rumors that such cults engaged in blood sacrifices, orgiastic sex rituals, or child abuse became especially prevalent in the second half of the twentieth century. The Process, an allegedly "satanic" organization active in Great Britain and the United States during the 1960s, was repeatedly targeted as a "cult" in this negative sense, but a detailed sociological study of the group by William Bainbridge (1978) showed that the popular image was misleading.
Yet some cults did engage in violent and abusive acts, giving warrant to these fears. Two notorious examples were the People's Temple, founded by James Warren Jones (1931–1978) in Indianapolis during the 1950s, and the Heaven's Gate movement, begun by Marshall Herff Applewhite (1931–1997) in the Pacific Northwest during the 1970s. Both cults ended their existence in spectacular acts of group suicide, the first in 1978, the second in 1997. Both have been extensively studied, and while both groups came to the same tragic end, the factors leading up to their self-destruction varied considerably. Both can be seen as extreme examples of cult behavior caused by each group's isolation from outside culture and the growing mental instability of their leaders.
Both cults drew much of their ideology from the doomsday worldview prevalent among charismatic groups, which have become an important factor in both Catholic and Protestant Christianity. This ideology emphasizes controlling one's personal and social behavior strictly in preparation for an imminent, violent apocalyptic struggle against demonic forces. This mindset makes such groups potentially dangerous when contacted unwisely by outsiders. The notorious 1857 Mountain Meadows massacre, carried out in part by members of the early Mormon Church, and the bloody counterattacks taken by the Branch Davidian enclave (near Waco, Texas) against federal agents in 1993 illustrate two additional cases in which embattled cults turned to violent acts against outsiders.
Such extreme cases should not, however, distract scholars from studying objectively the many cults that continue to arise within mainstream religions and as alternatives to them. However, many more such groups remain diffuse enough that their members' involvement in these religious groups does not separate them from their everyday work and social worlds. Such cults have been and will continue to be positive factors in the development of new religions and the modification of mainstream sects in response to the cults' challenge. In addition to cults composed of charismatic Christians, many more such groups have become devoted to reviving neo-pagan rituals and investigating paranormal phenomena such as UFOs. According to the 2001 American Religious Identification Survey, the numbers of self-proclaimed Wiccans increased nearly seventeen-fold from 8000 to 138,000 during the previous ten years, with an additional 200,000 now belonging to a "pagan" or "new age" (Kosmin and Mayer 2001). Such new movements continue to provide individuals with creative means for pursuing religious experience.
SEE ALSO Christianity; Conformity; Groupthink; Mysticism; Religion; Social Dominance Orientation; Suicide; Unidentified Flying Objects
Bainbridge, William Sims. 1978. Satan's Power: A Deviant Psychotherapy Cult. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Brown, Peter. 1981. The Cult of the Saints: Its Rise and Function in Latin Christianity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Burkert, Walter. 1987. Ancient Mystery Cults. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Denzler, Brenda. 2001. The Lure of the Edge: Scientific Passions, Religious Beliefs, and the Pursuit of UFOs. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Ellis, Bill. 2000. Raising the Devil: Satanism, New Religions, and the Media. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.
Galanter, Marc. 1999. Cults: Faith, Healing, and Coercion. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kosmin, Barry A., and Egon Mayer. 2001. American Religious Identification Survey. The Graduate Center, CUNY. http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/aris_index.htm
Quarantelli, E. L., and Dennis Wenger. 1973. A Voice from the Thirteenth Century: The Characteristics and Conditions for the Emergence of a Ouija Board Cult. Urban Life and Culture 1: 379–400.
Wojcik, Daniel. 1997. The End of the World as We Know It: Faith, Fatalism, and Apocalypse in America. New York: New York University Press.
Bill Ellis
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Highly organized groups led by a dynamic leader who exercises strong control.
A cult is a structured group, most of whose members demonstrate unquestioned loyalty to a dynamic leader. The cult leader governs most, if not all, aspects of the lives of his or her followers, often insisting that they break all ties with the world outside of the cult. Such groups are usually thought of in terms of religion, although other types of cults can and do exist.
The proliferation of religious cults in the United States is considered by many experts as symptomatic of the general social discordance that has plagued postwar Western society. Cults offer the allure of an ordered world that is easily understood. Clear rules of behavior are enforced and nagging questions about meaning and purpose are dispelled by the leader, who defines members' lives in service to the cult's interest. It is probably most useful to examine the phenomenon of cults without dwelling on the sensationalistic practices of the flamboyant, the infamous, and the suicidal. When a psychologist examines a cult and its dynamics, what is actually observed is the mental condition of the member; in other words, what is it about the individual that allows them to willingly relinquish themselves to such rigid and dogmatic ways of thinking and living?
To understand this process, consider that many social organizations other than what we traditionally think of as cults require strict adherence to a set of beliefs and, in turn, provide a sense of meaning and purpose to their followers. Behavior that is not normally considered as being cult-like can be seen as having some of the main characteristics of cults. The rigid social contract of the military, for instance, is considered by many psychologists as being cult-like. Other social organizations that have had a profound impact on the lives of its followers include self-help groups , such as Alcoholics Anonymous, where selflessness and devotion to the group are highly valued and rewarded. Certain types of political groups and terrorist organizations are still other examples of "cults" that defy the common definition of the term. Dr. Arthur Deikman, clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California at San Francisco, is one of many psychologists who has observed cultic behavior in many areas of society other than in extremist religious groups. In the introduction to his 1990 book, The Wrong Way Home: Uncovering the Patterns of Cult Behavior in American Society, Deikman asserted that "behavior similar to that which takes place in extreme cults takes place in all of us," and suggested that "the longing for parents persists into adulthood and results in cult behavior that pervades normal society."
Because cultic behavior underlies more than extremist religious sects, many psychologists refer to these groups as charismatic groups. Marc Galanter, professor of psychiatry at New York University, defines the characteristics of charismatic groups in his study Cults: Faith, Healing, and Coercion (1989). According to Galanter, charismatic group members "1) have a shared belief system; 2) sustain a high level of social cohesiveness; 3) are strongly influenced by the group's behavioral norms, and4) impute charismatic (or sometimes divine) power to the group or its leadership." Other psychologists have devised additional theories to explain the drawing power of charismatic groups, and some conclude that people who devote themselves to such groups have not yet achieved the developmental stage of individuation. Still other experts, drawing on the field of sociobiology , suggest that the need to be part of a group has biological, evolutionary roots traceable to that period in human history when to be banned from the dominant hunter-gatherer group meant almost certain death.
Whatever the origins of the psychological need to be a part of a defined group, the fact is most people do not fall under the sway of charismatic groups. Typically, such groups find recruits among young people. Usually, such a young person is approached by friendly, outgoing recruiters for the cult who express a deep interest in the person's life and offer empathy and understanding for the difficulties they may be experiencing. These difficulties may be in relation to a failed romance, an unhappy family life, or an existential crisis of the sort usually associated with late adolescence in which a young person has no idea how they fit in the world. The recruiters are often trained to provide a "friendly ear" to troubled young people, to validate their experiences as being common, and, finally, to suggest that other people (such as themselves) have found solace in their groups.
During the process of initiation, recruits may experience severe psychological disorders as they at once begin and resist immersion into an entirely new system. Abandoning old allegiances and belief systems can bring about intense guilt before the recruit completely immerses him or herself into the charismatic group. Some psychologists believe that such mental illnesses as dissociative identity disorders , pathologic adjustment reactions, major depressive disorders, and others may be attributed to the agonizing process of joining a charismatic group. Once immersed in the cult, members will often cut all ties with their past lives, ending contact with their families and friends as they join a new social order that seems to give them meaning and purpose. This kind of behavior is obviously less true of charismatic groups such as the military and some types of self-help groups, but these symptoms can nonetheless appear in less extreme forms.
Interviews with former cult members have revealed that in extremist religious cults, there are often tremendous obstacles to leaving. These obstacles can come in the form of peer pressure , where loyal cult members will intervene in the case of a member who has doubts about the cult and longs for his or her old life, or the obstacles may be physical ones for those whose cult lives communally in an isolated area. Often, family members of persons in religious cults hire what are called "deprogrammers" to kidnap their loved ones and take them to some neutral place where they can be reasoned with sensibly without the interference of other cult members espousing the group's prevailing ideology.
Most psychologists would probably acknowledge that there exists a deep human need to belong to a group. Often, this need leads people to form what might be viewed as unhealthy allegiances to a person or group who, ultimately, does not truly have the person's interest at heart.
Followers of American-born cult leader Jim Jones left the U.S. to set up the Jonestown commune in the Guyana jungle in South America. After a U.S. Congressman and three journalists investigating the cult were killed, Jones persuaded 911 members of his People's Temple flock to kill themselves with cyanide-laced potions in a mass suicide on Nov. 18, 1978. David Koresh, leader of the Branch Davidians, a group that originally split from the Seventh Day Adventist Church during the Depression, led 82 people to their death, when he refused to be served with a search and arrest warrant at the Davidian compound in Waco, Texas. Koresh's followers believed he was the Messiah, despite reports of child abuse and other questionable behaviors. After an initial gunfight that killed four agents and six Davidians, a 51-day stand-off occurred between federal agents and the Davidians holed up in the compound. When agents launched a tear gas attack on April 19, 1993, to end the siege, a fire burned the compound and killed 82 Davidians, probably in a deliberate mass suicide .
Bodies of 39 similarly dressed men and women were found in San Diego on March 26, 1997, after a mass suicide led by Marshall Applewhite, cult leader of Heaven's Gate. The deaths were triggered by the cult's belief that a flying saucer traveled behind comet Hale-Bopp to take them home, an evolutionary existence above the human level. Articles have appeared about the use of the Internet to recruit Heaven's Gate followers.
Further Reading
Ankerberg, John and Weldon, John. Encyclopedia of Cults and New Religions Eugene, Ore.: Harvest House Publishers, 1999.
Deikman, Arthur J. The Wrong Way Home: Uncovering Patterns of Cult Behavior in American Society. Boston: Beacon Press, 1990.
Deutsch, A. "Tenacity of Attachment to a Cult Leader: A Psychiatric Perspective." American Journal of Psychiatry 137 (1980): 1569-73.
Dolan, Sean. Everything you need to know about cults. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 2000.
Hall, J.R. "The Apocalypse at Jonestown." In Gods We Trust: New Patterns of Religious Pluralism in America, edited by T. Robbins and D. Anthony. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1981.
See also Military psychology
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A term used for many years in social science to refer to religious groups whose basic religious beliefs and practices differ markedly from those dominant in the particular culture in which they are found. The term cult has, however, since the 1970s become a pejorative term used to describe unpopular religious groups. Many groups labeled as "cults" are Spiritualist, occult, and metaphysical groups. The Theosophical Society, the Spiritualist movement, Christian Science, and occult groups such as the Rosicrucians were among the first groups so negatively labeled. In social science, the term has been replaced by the less prejudicial terms "new religion," new religious movement, or "alternative religion."
Contemporary use of cult was nurtured for many decades by Evangelical Christian organizations, some organized as late as the 1930s, to oppose groups that deviated from Christian orthodoxy. In the mid-1970s, a more secular anticult movement developed in the United States to oppose several new religions that focused their attention on young adult recruits. The major organization of the contemporary anticult movement is the Cult Awareness Network, which grew out of the older Citizens Freedom Foundation. It has nurtured a number of similar organizations in Europe and South America.
The anticult movement has encouraged the publication of a vast literature denouncing "cults." This literature is characterized by adoption of the "brainwashing" hypothesis to explain the destructive nature of the groups under attack. Such groups are said to have an unusual power to control the minds of their members to the extent that they lose the ability to think straight and evaluate their experience. According to the literature, members have been "programmed" and act like robots following every command of their leaders; they cannot choose to leave the harmful situation in which they have been trapped. This analysis justifies an intrusion into their lives by anticult forces. In extreme cases, such intrusions take the form of "de-programming," a forceful removal of the person from the group and the application of social and psychological pressure to convince the person to break his or her relationship with the group.
In 1987-88, the American Psychological Association examined the issue of brainwashing or mind control in relation to new religions and other groups, such as psychological training groups, that had been accused of using techniques of "coercive persuasion" against their adherents. The association concluded that such theories were based on insufficient scientific data and that the work done was severely flawed methodologically. This opinion was confirmed by the American Sociological Association and the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion. Most scholars on new religions had rejected the brainwashing hypothesis shortly after its proposal in the early 1980s, and those opinions by the several scholarly bodies have been decisive in moving discussion of the so-called cults to other issues.
The anticult movement has joined the ranks of various opposition groups (anti-Catholic, anti-Mormon, anti-Semitic) that have dotted the religious landscape in recent centuries. In the meantime, scholars have noted a radical jump in religious pluralism in Western society.
Ellwood, Robert S., Jr. Alternative Altars: Unconventional and Eastern Spirituality in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.
——. Religious and Spiritual Groups in Modern America. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973.
Melton, J. Gordon. The Encyclopedic Handbook of the Cults. New York: Garland Publishing, 1992.
Melton, J. Gordon, and Robert L. Moore. The Cult Experience. New York: Pilgrim Press, 1982.
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Having a swimming pool with small children is a blessing and a curse. My kids and I love our pool, but this also means that even when I don't feel like swimming, I need to be outside. Some people go to an office to work, I go to my back porch. I lounge on the couch to write blog posts like this one, sit under the shade of my pool umbrella to craft, and more often than not, swim in the pool alongside my littles. A well-decorated back patio is nice, but a well-stocked one is crucial.
Load Up for the Pool
My kids LOVE pool toys. Every year the Easter bunny delivers a basket full of them (we live in Texas so Easter is almost pool time). This year the basket included goggles, inflatables, diving toys, flippers, snorkels and more. The Easter Bunny even brought mommy a new pool net and water aerobics set. I always like to have extras of things like goggles for when we have swim dates with friends (which is often), so when I find a good deal, I load up. This Easter each of my children got a large inflatable, but shhh, don't tell them the boat is actually for me to lay in.
When my kids are happy and busy in the pool that means fewer fights to referee, less screen time and more time for mommy to work. Did I mention that riding giant inflatable caterpillars like they are bucking broncos for hours every day also wears your kids out and makes bedtime a dream?
Made in the Shade
Pool umbrellas are a must in our backyard. I have a green one next to my pool that creates a small shady oasis during parts of the day. The umbrella, its stand and umbrella weights all came from Tuesday Morning. I custom built a succulent planter in cinderblocks to go on top. This is one of my favorite landscaping DIY projects to date.
On my patio, I have an orange umbrella over the seating area. We eat lots of meals, snacks and popsicles out here during the summer so the shade is a necessity. When we are not eating at this table we might be painting, playing with clay or even using the table as an impromptu planting station.
Lounge in Style
The sitting area on my patio is where I spend most of my time. As we entertain all summer long, this is where the other mommies and daddies sit and watch the kids swim. I like to decorate my patio slightly different each summer. This year the whole thing revolved around some no-sew pillows I made from some Vera Neumann napkins I picked up at Tuesday Morning. That's right: the floral pillows on patio were originally napkins. I glued them together to make pillow covers! You might recognize the fabric from the play tent I made for my kids' glamping staycation. I stocked up on placemats, runners and tablecloths to make more patio décor with this summer. I already added some of the fabric to a tray on my patio.
The Details
I consider my patio an extension of my home. You can see it from almost every room at the back of my house. Sure, with small kids and tons of playdates it does not always stay clean, but I try. Small details like potted plants are a great addition. Tuesday Morning not only has tons of pots to choose from, but it also has faux plants for shaded porches like mine!
We have an outdoor shower by the pool, which we LOVE. I recently picked up a nice metal over-the-shower rack to hold our shampoos and soaps. The cabinets are stocked with fluffy new pool towels.
Light It Up
Not only do we have tiki torches around the pool, we also have solar lights, which are great at night. Sure, there's not a lot of night swimming around these parts, but again, since you can see the backyard from almost every room in the house, it looks lovely at night with the solar lights lit up.
I also strung some festive Martha Stewart lanterns over the porch this year. They don't light up, but could with a few LED candles. Just the right amount of kitsch! Tuesday Morning has all kinds of fun party supplies for hosting the perfect luau or summer playdate.
Games, décor and delicious treats are essential to summers by the pool. Find loads of great ideas on our Everyone Loves a Pool Party pinboard!
What are your summer essentials to keep the kids happy and yourself sane?
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Broadland Tots2Teens 2
Broadland Tots2Teens are the proud owners of two junior GoGoDragons! Please see the other page for details & photo's of the sibling dragon.
Broadland District Council's Tots2Teens run holiday activities for children aged five years and upwards during all school holidays. Activities are held throughout the Broadland District in village halls, schools and community centres from Reedham to Reepham and in the fringe parishes of Hellesdon and Thorpe St Andrew. To be eligible, children must live or go to school in Broadland. Families can register free of charge to receive our holiday information and are required to complete and sign a parent consent form. A range of sessions are run each day including play, arts, cookery, sports, crime scene investigation and specialist workshops such as digital photography.
Tots2Teens have previously taken part in the Go Elephants and GoGoGorillas sculpture trails and all of the children involved have thoroughly enjoyed the experience. This year we will also be incorporating the Arts Award into our sessions, offering all children the opportunity to gain a qualification in the arts whilst contributing to our Dragon's design.
For more information about Tots2Teens and to register your family please visit www.broadland.gov.uk/t2t, call 01603 430525 or email email@example.com
Dragon name: Mr Shine.
Dragon design: Mr Shine was created during the Easter holidays by 13 children aged between 5 and 8 years old. The group all had the opportunity to paint a section of the dragon. They thought about what is special to them and incorporated it into their design. As well as designing the artwork, the group made models from clay; stained glass windows and learnt about dragons. They all gained their Discover Arts Award.
Mr Shine is on display in The Forum until 5th September.


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Sarah Phillips trained as an English language teacher at the Bell School, Norwich, and took her MA in English Language Teaching at Edinburgh University. She has held various teaching posts in Europe and has taught on primary teacher training courses with Norwich Institute of Language Education. She has worked with the Regional Government of Galicia to prepare training courses and materials for teachers of English.
She is the author of Young Learners and Drama with Children, published by Oxford University Press.


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Everything I say and do is mind games, says Mourinho
Chelsea boss still maintains they are outsiders to win the title
Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho has confessed that not everything he says in the Premier League title run-in will be the truth.
"Everything I say and do are mind games. The only thing that is not mind games are the results," he said.
Mourinho fooled no-one on Monday when he ruled his team out of title contention after masterminding a 1-0 win at free-scoring Manchester City that left his team two points behind leaders Arsenal.
The Portuguese coach had a glint in his eye when he described his side as "a little horse that needed milk" in a race with the "two big horses" of Arsenal and second-placed City.
His stance has now softened because Mourinho acknowledged that Chelsea could land the crown in May, although he maintained they were outsiders.
"I'm not saying we're not going to win. I'm saying we are candidates, we're outsiders," he said on the eve of Saturday's home league game with Newcastle United.
"We are not a squad like Man City's with every player in the best moment of their careers of the age of stability between 25 and their 30s, all of them working together for a long time, a manager [Manuel Pellegrini] that arrived and the team was there ready for him.
"We are different. We are beginning. Of course we dream to win the Premier League and if we have the chance to win we're not going to say we don't want to, but we don't have the same responsibilities."
Mourinho said new signing Mohamed Salah would make his debut on Saturday after joining from Basel in the January transfer window.
Fernando Torres will miss out, however, as Mourinho is not prepared to risk the striker who has been out of action for three weeks with a knee injury.
"He is almost there but not there," Mourinho said. "If it was the last game of the season I'd say 'let's go and do it' but there's no point to risk him now.
"It's not the moment to lose players, it's the moment to try to have them all. Tuesday [away to West Bromwich Albion] is a better possibility."
Mourinho continued his mischief-making by taunting Saturday's opponents over their failure to recruit a replacement for influential midfielder Yohan Cabaye who left the club in January to join Paris St Germain.
"Cabaye is one of the best midfielders we had in the Premier League and they did not replace him," Mourinho said.
"But they have a good team and they know they can beat us. Alan [Pardew] is a good coach and I think it's a difficult game."
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