text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 13, 1999
|Filing date
|Jun 11, 1996
|Priority date
|Jun 12, 1995
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Andrew J. Stirling, Patrick Heck, Andreas Stiegler
|Original Assignee
|Stirling; Andrew J., Heck; Patrick, Stiegler; Andreas
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (14), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (51), Classifications (19), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a local communication system comprising a plurality of stations interconnected for the communication of messages via a serial data channel. The invention further relates to apparatuses for use in such a system, and diagnostics apparatus for use with such a system.
2. Related Art
A system of this type has been described for example by Knapp and Hetzel in a paper "Audio Local Area Network Chip For Cars", presented at the 92nd Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, Mar. 24-27, 1992, Vienna. Knapp and Hetzel propose use of the well known SPDIF format for the transmission of digital audio signals among the various components of a car audio system, and incorporate within that format eight channels for the transmission of control messages in parallel with the audio signals.
In the system of Knapp and Hetzel, known as A-LAN for short, each station (each apparatus) is constructed and configured to transmit on a respective one of the eight control channels, while receiving messages from others of the stations on the remaining seven channels.
Some practical problems arise in the implementation of such a system. Firstly, the allocation of channels as described limits the number of stations connected in the ring network. The reference indicates how one might exceed this limit by providing multiple rings, with one of the stations acting as a gateway to the other ring. Such a gateway is complicated and costly to implement, however, and effectively increases the cost of adding a ninth station to an A-LAN system.
Secondly, each station may find itself obliged to receive unrelated messages simultaneously on several channels. This necessitates costly communication management provisions, for example to buffer and prioritise these messages. At the same time, limited processing power is available for control messages in a low-cost system, and it is anticipated that often a particular message will not be accepted because the input buffer of the receiving station is still occupied by an earlier message.
In view of the above, a modified system of the type described is proposed in which a single control channel is shared by all stations. The modified system allows for control messages to be directed to a particular station, or to be "broadcast" for receipt by all stations or a specified group of stations. In order to prevent the system becoming overcrowded by many individual acknowledgements of a broadcast message, the proposed system provides only for a negative acknowledgement signal, to be received by the sending station when a broadcast message has not been accepted by at least one of the receiving stations. On the other hand, for a directly addressed message (sent from one station to a specified one other station), a positive acknowledgement is provided by the destination station if the message is accepted, and a negative acknowledgement is provided if the message is not accepted. Each message is contained within its own control message frame, and separate bit positions within the control message frame are provided specifically for insertion of the positive and negative acknowledgement signals. In this way, a sending station is able to differentiate between a message not being accepted by the destination station (for example because it has a full receive buffer, or the message is corrupted by noise) and the situation where a destination station is not present or is faulty (a major error), at least in the case of a directed message.
In this modified system, if a negative acknowledgement is received for a broadcast message, this indicates that at least one of the receiving stations did not accept the message, and the message transmission will be re-tried until no negative acknowledgement is received, up to a maximum of five retries. However, more retries than necessary will invariably result in such a system, typically up to the maximum number of retries, if one of the receiving stations is unable to accept the original broadcast message. This is because, when the first retry message is transmitted, other stations which correctly received the original message will be unable to accept the retry message because their receive buffers are occupied by the original message, yet to be processed.
It is an object of the present invention to reduce the above-mentioned problems with message acknowledgement, while retaining the advantages of the modified system just described.
The present invention provides a local communication system comprising a plurality of stations interconnected for the exchange of messages via a serial data channel, wherein a first station is operable to send a broadcast type of message to a plurality of other stations including a second station, wherein said second station is operable to perform an acceptance test on a broadcast message and to provide a negative acknowledgement signal to the first station in the event of non-acceptance of the message, wherein the first station is operable to re-send a broadcast message automatically in response to said negative acknowledgement signal being generated by at least one of the other stations, and wherein the second station is arranged not to generate the negative acknowledge signal in the case of a non-accepted received broadcast message which is a re-sending of a broadcast message previously accepted by the second station. By this mechanism, the second station will not provoke unnecessary re-sending of a message which the second station has previously accepted.
The second station may determine whether a received message is a re-sending of a previously accepted message, for example by comparing all or part of a newly-received message with a message already in its receive buffer. Particularly where each message sent by the first station identifies the first station as the source of that message, comparing the whole message will ensure that an identical message received from the same first station is judged to be a re-sending of the message already in the buffer.
In one particular embodiment of the invention, each message further includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) word, and the identity between original and re-sent messages is determined simply by comparing the CRC words of a new message and a message already in the buffer.
The first station may further be arranged to form each broadcast message such that a retry of an earlier message can be distinguished from a new message having identical message content. This is achieved in one embodiment of the invention by including in each broadcast message an identification number which is guaranteed to be different from that of the last broadcast message sent by the first station, but which is the same for all re-sendings of a given message. This allows the second station to identify re-sent messages, even when in normal operation the first station may send a series of otherwise identical messages.
The first station also be operable to send messages of a directed type to respective ones of the other stations. The second station receiving a message from the first station may perform the acceptance test on the message and, if the test is satisfied, provide a positive acknowledgement message to the first station, and, if the test is not satisfied, to provide said negative acknowledgement message to the first station. The first station may be operable to decide whether or not to re-send the message in dependence on the presence or absence of the positive and/or negative acknowledgement signals, and whether the message is a directed message or a broadcast message.
Each station may include a respective received message buffer and, on receipt by a station of a message, said acceptance test may include a test to determine whether the message buffer for that station is already full.
The invention further provides an apparatus for use as the second station in a system according to the invention, the apparatus comprising means for receiving through a serial data channel at least a broadcast type of message intended for plural stations connected to said data channel, and means for generating a negative acknowledgement signal in the event that a given broadcast message cannot be accepted, the second station further comprising means for suppressing generation of the negative acknowledgement signal, where the broadcast message is a re-sending of a previously accepted message.
The invention further provides an apparatus for use as the first station in a system according to the invention as set forth above, the apparatus comprising means for sending broadcast messages to plural stations via a serial data channel, and means for re-sending a given broadcast message in response to a negative acknowledgement signal generated by at least one of said plural stations, wherein each broadcast message is identified so as to distinguish between original messages and re-sent messages.
The present invention further provides diagnostics apparatus for use with a system as outlined above, the apparatus comprising means for connection to the data channel, event detection means operable to monitor broadcast messages and negative acknowledgement signals, and data handling means operable to process data from the event detection means so as to confirm operation in accordance with the invention.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows in block schematic form a local communication system embodying the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates the control and source data architecture used in the system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 represents a station with integral interface;
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates one of the interface modules of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 shows the frame structure of digital signals transmitted according to the known SPDIF format;
FIG. 6 shows the frame structure of digital signals transmitted between the apparatuses in the system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 shows the structure of a control frame for use with the message frame of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a message acknowledgment procedure as performed by a transmitting station in the system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a message acknowledgement procedure as performed by a receiving station in the system of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 10 to 13 show various combinations of station types illustrating differing network function.
The system illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises nine audio-related apparatuses 101-109 connected as stations (or nodes) of a Local Area Network (LAN), although it will become apparent from the following description that many more than nine stations may be accommodated. In this example system, the apparatuses are: a control and display unit 101, a Compact Disc memory (CD-ROM) reader 102, a radio tuner 103, a CD changer unit 104, an audio power amplifier 105, a facsimile send/receive unit (FAX) 106, a video recording system (VCR/CAMCORDER) 107, a video tuner 108, and a telephone 109. The display function of the control and display unit 101 may for example provide for display of information read from memory devices by CD-ROM 102 and/or display of video signals from tuner 108 or VCR 107.
The LAN interconnection comprises nine unidirectional point-to-point fibre optic links 111-119 linking interface modules 121-129, each of which is substantially structurally identical, such that the nodes are all connected in a ring. Each fibre optic link carries a combination of digital audio/video signals, CD-ROM data and control messages in accordance with a signal frame structure to be described in detail below. A designated station (referred to hereinafter as the system master), such as the control/display unit 101, continuously generates the frame structure at a frame sample rate of 20-50 kHz (preferably 44.1 kHz as for CD sampling). One station on the network is designated to act as system master on power-up although the role of system master may subsequently be re-allocated to another station.
The data architecture of a station's interface to the fibre optic ring is schematically illustrated in FIG. 2. From the ring 119-111, a media access control (MAC)/physical layer 300 (to be described in greater detail hereinafter) together with a communications management layer 302 for control data are provided in interface module 121. The communications management layer 302 manages address initialisation and verification and ensures the reliable transport of messages by retransmission according to defined timing rules. Data handling for source data 304 and application protocols for control data 306 are provided at station level 101, with the application protocols defining the device/subdevice grouping and control hierarchy for the station, the format of information exchanged between products, the behaviour of devices/subdevices, and application level timing. It will be readily understood that the interface node 121 may be physically within a station. In such a case, whilst a physically separate entity, it may be considered as a subdevice from a functional point of view as shown in FIG. 3, where the interface 123A is provided within a radio cassette player 103 together with amplifier 310, tuner 312, tape playback deck 314, audio/video controller (AVC) 316 and user I/O 318 subdevices. The interconnections of the subdevices are not shown and have no bearing on the present invention, but will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an interface node (in this case node 121) linking a station to the fibre optic ring. All stations connected to the LAN can generate and/or receive source data and control data. The control data is of low volume, arrives in bursts and is user/event driven (e.g. user instructions or status changes), whereas the source data is a continuous high volume stream (e.g. audio, compressed video, CD-ROM data).
Software and hardware requirements are reduced in comparison with A-LAN systems as described hereinabove by providing for execution of part of the control and data channel selection functions in the interface node linking each station to the ring of fibre optic links.
FIG. 5 shows the structure of a signal in accordance with the standard IEC 958:1989 of the International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, otherwise known as the Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format (SPDIF). The SPDIF signal is designed to transfer digital audio signals on a point-to-point link between two products, typically at frame rates of 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz and 48 kHz. The signal is divided into blocks of 192 frames, each frame comprising two sub-frames of 32 bits. Each sub-frame includes a 20-bit field AUDIO carrying audio signal information, and various control and information bit fields, including a preamble X, Y or Z, auxiliary data field AUX, a validity bit V, a user bit U, a channel status bit C and a parity bit P. The SPDIF specifies the meanings of all these fields, with the exception of user bit U which is left free for use by the designer of a particular system. In the case of the A-LAN system, designed to transfer high quality audio and control signals to a number of products connected in a ring topology, this user bit U is used for system control.
The structure of the message subframe used in the present system is shown in FIG. 6. Instead of the repeated 32 bit subframes of the SPDIF arrangement of FIG. 5, the message subframe of FIG. 6 is a 64-bit subframe with a 4-bit preamble (indicating left or right channel and block start), four "transparent channel" bits TCO-3, six-bytes (48-bits) of source data (audio, video etc) and eight further bits. The eight further bits comprise the three SPDIF bits V,U,C a reserved bit, an S-Block bit, two control bits CF-0, CF-1, and a parity bit P.
In order to provide four "transparent" channels for bi-directional serial communication, to remove the need for a dedicated serial link without requiring an additional microcontroller, the bits TCO-3 of every subframe are reserved for transparent serial communication in four parallel channels. At a sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz, the transparent serial link capacity of the present system is 88.2 kbit/second per channel. As shown in FIG. 6, signals are divided into blocks of 48 successive message frames. At a frame sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz, the control data rate is 176.4 kbps giving approximately 920 control frames per second. The control frame is arranged (in the MAC layer; item 300, FIG. 2) as shown in FIG. 7, providing successive control functions as follows:
Arbitration ARB (2-bits): Prevents access to the control message frame by a first station when a preceding station in the loop has already "taken" the frame (unless the first station is the destination).
Slave Address (12-bits): Address for the destination of a message. The address is structure in three parts, with 4-bits identifying the application area (e.g. audio/video or telecommunication), 5-bits identifying the device type (e.g. amplifier, CD changer, display), and 3-bits identifying the device number. As will be appreciated, this allows for up to eight of each of 32 device types in each application area to a total of 4096 addressable nodes.
Master Address (12-bits): Address of the message originating station. Structured as for the Slave Address.
Message Type (4-bits): Indicating whether the message is directed to a particular station or whether it is a broadcast message intended for all stations or a specified group of stations, and other attributes of the message.
Message Length (4-bits): Indicates the length in bytes of the control message following.
Control Data (128-bits): The control field has capacity for a maximum of 16 bytes of control data in a directed message, although fewer may be carried (see Message Length above). As will be described below, the maximum in the present system is only 15 bytes in the case of a broadcast message, the space for the 16th byte being occupied instead by an identification number IDNO.
CRC (16-bits): The provision of 16-bits for cyclic redundancy checking provides a high level of reliability.
Acknowledge ACK (2-bits): Provides for positive verification of correct receipt of transmitted messages (in direct addressing mode). These bits can be modified by a receiving station and will be examined in their modified form by the transmitting station after passing round the ring network.
Negative Acknowledgement NAK (2-bits): provides for signalling non-acceptance of broadcast messages, and for signalling device presence even in the event of non-acceptance of directed messages. These bits can be modified by a receiving station and will be examined in their modified form by the transmitting station.
Free (10-bits): Allowing for specialised functions and/or expansion of the system. The last two of these are provided to allow a control message frame to be delayed by one subframe, if the message is required to be passed through the system master, as described in a German patent application DE 19503215.2 (95P10, not published at the present priority date). The remaining bits do not have a specified purpose and will be set to "0".
The generation and passing of acknowledgement messages within the system is illustrated by the flowcharts of FIGS. 8 and 9. The flowchart of FIG. 8 shows actions at the transmitting side (first station) and the steps are as follows:
Step Action/Decision
001 Begin
002 Retry=5: Six attempts are permitted for the successful transmission of a message, with a Retry counter being initially set to 5
003 Transmit Message: The originating station begins sending its message either directly to a second station or as a broadcast to a number of stations; both ACK and NAK are reset to `O` in the message as transmitted.
004 Wait: until transmission is completed.
005 Broadcast Address?: When the transmission is complete, a check is made to see whether the message is a broadcast message.
006 Second ACK?: If the message is a broadcast message, a test for non-acceptance is carried out by the receiving stations; NAK=1 will be set by at least one receiving station if the message is not properly received or cannot be accepted.
007 First ACK?: If the message is not a broadcast message (i.e. it is directly addressed to another station) a test for completeness is carried out; ACK=1 will be set by the receiving station if the message is accepted; NAK will be set to 1 if the message has been recognised but is not accepted.
008 Result=OK: If the non-completeness test of a broadcast message (step 006) is negative, or the completeness test of a conventional directly-addressed message (step 007) is positive, the message transmission is taken to have succeeded.
009 Retry=0?: A check is made to see whether the Retry counter has reached zero when the non-completeness test for broadcast messages is satisfied (step 006), or when the completeness test for conventional messages is not satisfied (step 007).
010 Decrement: Where Retry=0?: (step 009) is negative, the Retry counter is decremented and a further attempt is then made to transmit the message (return to step 003).
011 Result=Fail: If the retry counter has been reduced to zero without Result=OK (step 008) having been obtained, the transmission is taken to have failed.
012 End: Completion of the transmit procedure, with a definite result (OK or Fail) having been obtained.
FIG. 9 shows the corresponding process as performed in a station receiving a control message, as follows:
Step Action/Decision
901 Begin
902 Receive message: the interface circuit of the receiving station recognises a control message frame and detects that the message either is addressed directly to this receiving station, or is a broadcast message intended for this receiving station among others. In the form in which the message was transmitted, the acknowledgement bits are reset so that ACK=0 and NAK=0. In the case of a broadcast message, however, stations earlier in the ring network may already have set the bit ACK=1 and/or NAK=1.
903 Broadcast message? If the message is a broadcast message, control passes to step 909. If the received message is addressed directly to the present receiving station, control proceeds to step 904.
904 Accept? If the receive buffer of the receiving station has accepted the new control message, control passes to step 905. Otherwise, control passes to step 908.
905 Send acknowledge: The control message frame is passed on around the network, with bit ACK set to 1 to indicate correct receipt of the directly addressed message.
906 Signal new message: The interface circuit informs the functional elements of the receiving station that a new message has been received and is waiting in the buffer.
907 End.
908 Negative acknowledge: If the buffer is full in step 904, bit NAK is set to 1 when the control message frame is passed around the ring, to inform the transmitting station that the message has not been accepted. Control then passes directly to step 907 (End).
909 Accept broadcast message? If the broadcast message has been accepted into the receive buffer, control passes to step 910. Otherwise control is passed to step 912.
910 The positive acknowledgement bits of the control frame are set ACK=1 if the message is correctly received and accepted in broadcast mode, but the NAK bits are not modified.
911 Signal new message: The presence of a new message in the receive buffer is signalled to the functional elements of the receiving station.
912 Retry? If the broadcast mode message has not been accepted, it is determined whether the message is a retry of a message already in the received buffer of the receiving station. If so, control passes directly to step 907 (End).
913 If the broadcast message which has not been accepted is not a retry of a message already in the receive buffer, a negative acknowledgement is given to the transmitting station, by setting bit NAK=1 when passing on the control message frame to the next station in the ring network. Control then passes to step 907 (End).
In the above manner, the embodiment avoids unnecessary retries at the transmitting station by suppressing the negative acknowledgement signal, when a message cannot be accepted which is merely a retry of a message already correctly accepted in the received buffer. Otherwise, it might be found that retry messages tend to be rejected by many stations, simply because the receive buffers of those stations are occupied by an earlier sending of the same message. In such a case, it might arise that the maximum number of retries are unnecessarily performed, and that incomplete reception of the broadcast message is incorrectly assumed by the transmitting station, when in fact all stations have correctly received the message. Suppressing the negative acknowledgement in the case of retry broadcast messages therefore avoids unnecessary communication and communication management overhead in the stations of the network.
Various implementations are possible for step 912, which determines whether a broadcast message received is a retry of a message already in the received buffer. A particular method implemented in the present embodiment is simply to compare the CRC (cyclic redundancy check) bits of the new message and the message already in the buffer, since these will almost certainly be different if the content of the message and/or the identity of the transmitting station have changed. The CRC bits used for comparison with the message already in the buffer may be taken from the new message as received, or they may be calculated from the other bits of the message, as in the normal error checking procedure. If both are available, the calculated CRC bits can be compared with the received CRC bits of the new message to check at the same time for errors in the transmission of the new message. If the received CRC and the calculated CRC disagree, the receiving station may assume that the message is not a retry message, leading to a negative acknowledgement signal in step 913.
It should be noted that in the present embodiment the interface circuit does not attempt to determine whether a received message is a re-sending of an earlier received message which has already been taken from the receive buffer for processing within the second station. The second station might therefore be obliged to process the same message twice, but the advantage is that a simple modification of the interface circuit can significantly reduce burden on the network as a whole, and the higher level communication protocols can easily be arranged to cope with a message being received twice at the second station.
In systems where transmitting stations will often wish to send a series of identical messages to receiving stations, retries can be distinguished from original messages by providing a message identification IDNO within the message, which is the same for all retries of a message, but is guaranteed to be different from the IDNO included in the preceding broadcast message from the same transmitting station. As illustrated in FIG. 7, the field IDNO can replace the last data byte (bits 154 to 161) in the control message frame. It will be appreciated that for broadcast messages the number of bytes that can be transmitted per control frame is accordingly one fewer than for directly addressed messages. The identification number IDNO can be generated automatically for broadcast messages by the interface circuit, for example using a simple counter within the interface circuit, which is incremented each time a broadcast message is set. Of course, other mechanisms for distinguishing between retry messages and original messages can be implemented.
Broadcast messages may be distinguished by a particular TYPE field and/or by the use of a particular destination address in bits 2-13 of the control frame. "Group broadcasting" can also be implemented in which only a certain class of receiving station will respond to a particular group broadcast message. For example, it may often be desirable to send audio volume change messages to a number of amplifier subdevices distributed throughout the network, without burdening the communications management of other stations. A group broadcast address for amplifier subdevices can be defined, and used for this purpose.
Examples of how the available source data byte space may be used will now be described with reference to FIGS. 10 to 13. The interface at each station provides three input ports and three output ports for source data, and, subject to the maximum source data capacity of 12 source data bytes per frame, each port can be configured for example to carry 1*8, 2*8, 2*16, 2*24 or 2*32 bits per frame. Where a station is required to conform to SPDIF protocols, one of the ports can provide the SPDIF information (V, C, U) to be carried within the message frames (FIG. 6). The bit S-block indicates SPDIF block boundaries, every 192 message frames.
FIG. 10 shows an audio system comprising power amplifier 170, radio/digital signal processor (DSP) 172, and CD changer 174 joined by fibre optic links 176-178. Source bit utilisation is:
CD changer→Radio/DSP 2*16-bit
Radio/DSP→Power amplifier 2*16 or 2*24-bit
FIG. 11 shows an audio-telephone system comprising power amplifier 180, radio/DSP 192, CD changer 184, telephone 186, and microphone 188 joined by fibre optic links 190-194. Source bit utilisation is:
______________________________________CD changer → Radio/DSP 2*16-bitRadio/DSP → Power amplifier 2*16-bitTelephone → Radio/DSP 2*8-bitMicrophone → Telephone 2*8-bit______________________________________
FIG. 12 shows an audio-telephone-navigation system comprising CD changer 196, radio 198, navigation computer 200, CD-ROM reader 202, telephone 204, and microphone 206 joined by fibre optic links 208-213. Source bit utilisation is:
______________________________________CD changer → Radio 2*16-bitTelephone → Radio 2*8-bitMicrophone → Telephone 2*8-bitCD-ROM → Navigation computer 2*16-bit______________________________________
FIG. 13 shows an audio/video-telephone-navigation system comprising CD changer 216, radio 218, navigation computer 220, CD-ROM reader 222, video player (e.g. video CD player) 224, display device 226, telephone 228, and microphone 230 joined by fibre optic links 232-239. Source bit utilisation is:
______________________________________Audio: CD changer → Radio 2*16-bitor Video: Video CD → DisplayTelephone → Radio 2*8-bitMicrophone → Telephone 2*8-bitCD-ROM → Navigation computer 2*16-bit______________________________________
It will be appreciated that the above examples are not exhaustive but serve only to illustrate how the 96-bit (6 bytes per subframe) frame data capacity may be used.
It will be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiment described above, but can be applied wherever plural devices are required to signal negative acknowledgement through a shared channel. The fibre optic ring network can be exchanged for a single bus wire, or for a wireless communication medium.
For compactness of implementation, when ACK=0 is detected (step 007:N), meaning that a message has not been successfully transmitted, the first station in the above embodiment does not react any differently depending on the state of the NAK bit. However, it is possible as described above to distinguish between the case (NAK=1) where the message is recognised but not accepted by the destination station and the case (NAK=0) where the destination station appears not to exist, and to take action specifically appropriate to each case.
From reading the present disclosure, other modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art. Such modifications may involve other features which are already known in the design, manufacture and use of local communication systems, electronic apparatuses and component parts thereof and which may be used instead of or in addition to features already described herein.
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|Data transmission system, data transmission apparatus, data reception apparatus, and data transmission method
|Dec 20, 2007
|May 11, 2010
|Idt Canada Inc.
|Bifurcate buffer
|Aug 3, 2006
|May 18, 2010
|Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc.
|Bridge for an industrial control system using data manipulation techniques
|Dec 4, 2001
|Mar 29, 2011
|Herman Becker Automotive System GmbH
|Motor vehicle data communication network
|Aug 9, 2004
|Aug 16, 2011
|Clipsal Integrated Systems Pty Ltd
|Radio network communication system and protocol
|Nov 9, 2005
|Nov 15, 2011
|Ntt Docomo, Inc.
|Mobile communication system, radio base station, and mobile station
|Jan 10, 2006
|May 22, 2012
|Oracle America, Inc.
|Reliable multicast using merged acknowledgements
|Nov 18, 2005
|Sep 11, 2012
|Ntt Docomo, Inc.
|Mobile communication method and mobile station
|Jan 4, 2011
|Jan 14, 2014
|Critical Alert Systems, LLC
|System and method for transmitting messages received from a paging network on a paging device to electronic devices
|Oct 13, 2009
|May 13, 2014
|Clipsal Integrated Systems Pty Ltd
|Radio network communication system and protocol
|Nov 23, 2010
|May 20, 2014
|Lutron Electronics Co., Inc.
|Two-wire analog FET-based dimmer switch
|May 21, 2001
|Dec 13, 2001
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics North America Corporation.
|Radio system and apparatus for, and method of , multicast communication
|Jun 27, 2001
|Dec 27, 2001
|Davies Robert J.
|Multicast radio communication system and apparatus
|Dec 4, 2001
|Jul 25, 2002
|Michael Becker
|Motor vehicle data communication network
|Mar 14, 2001
|Sep 19, 2002
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Nack suppression for multicast protocols in mostly one-way networks
|Sep 12, 2001
|Mar 13, 2003
|Vasko David A.
|Bridge for an industrial control system using data manipulation techniques
|Nov 25, 2002
|Aug 14, 2003
|Mceachern William Ross
|System and method of downloading data for a communication switch
|Nov 22, 2002
|Dec 30, 2004
|Toshikazu Hattori
|Data transmission system, data transmission apparatus, data reception apparatus, and data transmission method
|Jan 10, 2006
|Jun 1, 2006
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Reliable multicast using merged acknowledgements
|Aug 9, 2004
|Nov 16, 2006
|Clipsal Integrated Systems Pty Ltd.
|Radio network communication system and protocol
|Aug 3, 2006
|Nov 30, 2006
|Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc.
|Bridge for an industrial control system using data manipulation techniques
|Nov 9, 2005
|Mar 6, 2008
|Ntt Docomo, Inc.
|Mobile Communication System, Radio Base Station, and Mobile Station
|Nov 9, 2005
|Mar 27, 2008
|Ntt Docomo, Inc.
|Mobile Communication System, Wireless Line Control Station, Mobile Station, And Wireless Base Station
|Nov 18, 2005
|May 22, 2008
|Ntt Docomo, Inc.
|Mobile Communication Method and Mobile Station
|Dec 20, 2007
|Jul 24, 2008
|David Brown
|Bifurcate buffer
|Apr 1, 2008
|Dec 4, 2008
|Christopher Deng
|Method for efficient transmission and reception of audio digital signals
|May 30, 2007
|Dec 4, 2008
|Silicon Storage Technology, Inc.
|Method for efficient wireless transmission and reception of audio digital signals
|Oct 15, 2007
|Apr 16, 2009
|Brajabandhu Mishra
|Method and system for transmission of digital audio in spdif format to one or more receivers
|Oct 15, 2007
|Apr 16, 2009
|Richa Jain
|Method and system for transmission of decoded multi-channel digital audio in spdif format
|Nov 9, 2007
|May 7, 2009
|Arya Abraham
|Interprocessor communication link for a load control system
|Oct 13, 2009
|Feb 11, 2010
|Clipsal Integrated Systems Pty Ltd.
|Radio network communication system and protocol
|Nov 23, 2010
|May 26, 2011
|Lutron Electronics Co., Inc.
|Two-wire analog fet-based dimmer switch
|Jan 4, 2011
|Jul 5, 2012
|Oshinsky Stephen
|System and method for transmitting messages received from a paging network on a paging device to electronic devices
|Sep 9, 2002
|Mar 20, 2003
|Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc.
|Bridge for an industrial control system using data manipulation techniques
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 4, 2002
Owner name: BECKER GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HECK, PATRICK;REEL/FRAME:013258/0239
Effective date: 20001110
Owner name: BECKER GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:STIEGLER, ANDREAS;REEL/FRAME:013570/0239
Effective date: 20001019
Owner name: BECKER GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:STIRLING, ANDREW;REEL/FRAME:013258/0248
Effective date: 20020823
Owner name: BECKER GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: CO-OWNERSHIP AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:COMMUNICATION & CONTROL ELECTRONICS LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:013258/0242
Effective date: 19991206
Owner name: COMMUNICATION & CONTROL ELECTORNICS LIMITED, UNITE
Free format text: CO-OWNERSHIP AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:COMMUNICATION & CONTROL ELECTRONICS LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:013258/0242
Effective date: 19991206
Owner name: COMMUNICATION AND CONTROL ELECTRONICS LIMITED, UNI
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HECK, PATRICK;REEL/FRAME:013258/0239
Effective date: 20001110
Owner name: COMMUNICATION AND CONTROL ELECTRONICS LIMITED, UNI
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:STIEGLER, ANDREAS;REEL/FRAME:013570/0239
Effective date: 20001019
Owner name: COMMUNICATION AND CONTROL ELECTRONICS LIMITED, UNI
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:STIRLING, ANDREW;REEL/FRAME:013258/0248
Effective date: 20020823
|Dec 10, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 13, 2006
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Year of fee payment: 8
|Feb 14, 2011
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jul 13, 2011
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Aug 30, 2011
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20110713


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Hadhi ya Utakatifu ya Mwl. Julius Nyerere.
Discussion in 'Habari na Hoja mchanganyiko' started by Ndibalema, May 27, 2010.
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Free forum : PSP Forum. Free forum : Creative Misfits
Free forum : A Creative Site for Fans of The Beach Boys, Other Musical Artists, and Non-Musical Genres
beach, boys, brian, wilson, #creative, music, forum, musical, artists, non-musical, genres
Tinci Designs Creative team
tincidesigns, tinci, designs, #creative, team
We are a group of women who enjoy tags, psp and friendship. We have daily theme threads, some games, a wonderful chat thread, psp challenges and more! Come check us out! Members MUST be active upon jo
#creative, impressions, group, women, enjoy, tags, friendship, have, daily, theme, threads, some, games, wonderful, chat, thread, challenges, more!, come
The place where there is no such thing as deadly PowerPoint slideshows. Share your creative PowerPoint works, animations, art, and games here!
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A FREE forum where Christians can meet other writers, share their work, and join the discussion. Free Poetry and Short Story Writing Contests! Free writing resources and help, just ask Lora!
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Computer Game discussion, voice acting, modding, Fallout Series, Divinity 2, Dragon Age S]games, Minecraft, The Elder Scrolls series, and other games. General discussion and creative writing.
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Free forum : FPRP is a free-style forum-based RP community, welcoming all Roleplayers to indulge in a variety of creative text. We thrive on the drama of writing.
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Free forum : Catering to all your creative ideas since 2017.
Free forum : This has to be truly a strange place, but its far deeper then first glance. Based on various sources, who knows what you may encounter. A creative outlet for writers.
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A place to share and get creative with my amazing artistic geniuses.
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If you wish for a more unique forum with a twist then here is where to go, We have many ideas so if ya love anime, games, manga, reading etc. then come along to heaven where Goddesses of all types can assist you in any wish you desire. A friendly
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Just a place where a bunch of us nerds come to write and share with others so we can improve our awesome skills.
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Juno Designs Creative Team forum
The original fantasy play by post RP.
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Welcome to the Beyond, the best roleplaying site to begin your adventures in the wonderful world of roleplaying. We are an open forum, themed around a blend of fantasy and science fiction in a futuris
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Free forum : A role-playing site that incorporates no only role-playing but poetry, literature discussions, creative writing, and art. Overall, a writing community.
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Free forum : A play-by-post forum rpg, the God's Game is a creative strategy game. You start with a 'Maker' Character of a specific domain and allowed to create within the void.
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A forum full of people who love to roleplay and write stories! Whether you are a novice or experienced roleplayer, we welcome anyone to come join us! Come make new friends with interests just like yours and improve your writing skill!
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Free forum : For thoes who wish to Show art in all forms (Save for the Nudity _. cant have you corrupting the minds of little one's) This is your place to Relieve your creative mind.
A place where creativity unites. Welcome to a Medieval Fantasy Roleplay
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creer un forum : Creative Team de Scooty's Designs.
Free forum : We are a fun drama free group that loves to have fun. Tagging, sharing, games, challenges.
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Taking tagging back to how it used to be. Old skool. Fun, Friendship and support.
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A hangout with fun, creative Christian friends! Discuss books, movies, music and life with teenage friends in a family-friendly environment!
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Forums for both Minecraft Classic and SMP servers, All in the Mined.
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text:
The listings view is similar to the Reservations Report in its functionalities and helps you view customized lists of your listings. You can find it by clicking on the "Listings" button on the left sidebar menu.
What does it include?
Filters and Columns
You can use the various filters and adjust the columns to see only specific listings. For example, filter the view to see all of your listings that are in a specific city or that contains certain tags. For each one of the listings you can also adjust the information displayed in the columns. For example, see the room type, number of bedrooms, or the minimum number of nights.
Advanced tip: You can add the listing's information via custom fields or even use them to filter the list.
Save a customized list
Every customized list can then be saved in order to be easily accessible for later use.
Export/Print/Email list
This report can also be shared with others or for your own personal use. The export option allows you to download a CSV file (Excel) with the information that is in the current view - both filters and columns. The email option will send the current view to any email address you will supply.
What is it good for?
The listings view can help you go over your listings based on their characteristics. This way, you can easily find relevant listings that can accommodate 5 guests or are located in a specific city. Moreover, it's a great way to see all the information about your listings, including the the pieces that are stored in your custom fields.


text:
Two Novels of Mexico, The Flies & The Bosses
by AZUELA, Mariano
CA: University of California Press, 1972. Very Good. Very good in wrappers. Paperback. Book has light wear of spine ends and cover edges, light fading and creasing of cover. Nice, clean text. Please Note: This book has been transferred to Between the Covers from another database and might not be described to our usual standards. Please inquire for more detailed condition information. (Inventory #: 119194)


text:
Twin Peaks Construction Inc
30590 Sterling Hwy, Anchor Point, AK 99556
(907) 235-3802
Compliment this business
Street address:
30590 Sterling Hwy
City / suburb:
Anchor Point
Kenai Peninsula
ZIP code:
(907) 235-3802
Contact name:
Nikki Baringer
Contact title:
(907) 235-1042
GPS Longitude:
GPS Latitude:
Places nearby
0.05 miles away
0.05 miles away
Aircraft Fueling Services
General information
Business data
|Standard industrial classification code:
|Estimated number of employees:
|Annual sales estimate:
|City / suburb:
|Anchor Point, AK
|Kenai Peninsula
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More details about Twin Peaks Construction Inc
According to our records, this business is located at 30590 Sterling Hwy in Anchor Point (in Kenai Peninsula County), Alaska 99556, the location GPS coordinates are: 59.829153 (latitude), -151.8156557 (longitude). Twin Peaks Construction Inc is categorized under Dozer Services (SIC code 1794). Known organization owner is Nikki Baringer. Current estimates show that the unit has a sales volume of $954,000 and staff of approximately 6 people. You can contact the company by phone at (907) 235-3802; the following fax number is also provided: (907) 235-1042.
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Rio Olympics might be a mess, but Tokyo 2020 has some cool high-tech plans
Driverless taxis for athletes and holograms for info.
Thu, Jul 07 2016
Clinton takes big step toward easing tensions with Sanders
With new college affordability plan, the presumptive Democratic nominee won praise from rival.
Thu, Jul 07 2016
US urges aerial spraying amid jump in Puerto Rico Zika cases
The U.S. territory is debating whether to fumigate with the insecticide Naled.
Wed, Jul 06 2016


text: ....tell what year a Black or White Balenciaga with a LEATHER tag came from? Obviously if its a different colour than black or white you can tell by the year that colour was released but if you're buying say a Black or White Twiggy second hand, is there a way to tell the year it came from? Sorry for the stupid question, I was just thinking about this today. My guess is no....but wondering if anyone knows something I dont


text:
Nothing screams comfort to me more than an enormous, steamy-hot bowl of pasta. There's something about pasta noodles that make it the perfect flavor vessel and man, is it carrying the most perfect cargo in this recipe! I'm talkin' a super rich (but actually lightened up!) tomato sauce that's chock full of lean ground beef, onions, bell peppers, and mushrooms and all tied together with that perfect savory touch of garlic salt and a gorgeous sprinkling of parmesan.
Let's have some #realtalk here: it would be blasphemy to leave out all that beautiful parm <3.
This is one of those meals that Kyle and I on a regular basis. We're both pretty busy (he's an engineering major), but his schedule is more intense this term than mine, so I do most of the cooking. It's kinda funny, but when I'm not working on recipes for the blog, I tend to gravitate to time-tested and super easy meals that I can whip up quickly. This definitely fits that bill! I made this on Wednesday night and paired it with steamed veggies and some whole wheat baguette bread.
It was the definition of healthy comfort food and I only decided to photograph it at the last minute since I figured it would be a pretty good representation of the type of meals I eat. I like a balance of indulgent, yet healthy recipes that make me feel happy and content and have ingredients that do good things for my body. Huzzah!
So this. Done in 30 minutes and, if you're like Kyle and I, it will serve you up at least 4-5 hefty portions. Kyle eats a lot and we still have a serving in the fridge! If you're a lighter eater or serve this with veggies/a side, it will easily last you 6 meals and you are set for a few days. Perfect for people who don't want to slave away in the kitchen all day and are big fans of yummy pasta-tomato-y-goodness.
*raises hand*
Happy eating!
- ½ tbsp olive oil
- 3 cups diced bell pepper
- 1½ cup chopped onion
- 2 cups diced mushrooms
- ¾ lb lean ground beef (I used 96% lean, but any meat will work)
- 24 oz (one big jar) marinara sauce
- 1 lb dried spaghetti noodles
- fresh basil
- parmesan for serving
- In a large skillet, heat the olive oil and cook the diced bell peppers, onion, and mushrooms. Cook until soft, then add in the ground beef, breaking it up into smaller pieces and cooking till no longer pink. Season the mixture with garlic salt, salt, and pepper to taste.
- Add in the marina sauce and bring to a soft boil. Let cook for 10 minutes.
- While the bolognese sauce mixture is cooking, boil the noodles until al dente.
- Top the noodles with the bolognese sauce and serve with fresh basil and parmesan. Enjoy!


text:
Peppers are In!
We grow bell peppers in our square foot garden and they are maturing very well this year!
We live in the south and the weather has been cooler and wetter than normal. This only happens once in a decade and the plants love it.
Pepper plants can take the heat but I have found that they grow best in the 75-85 degree F temperature range. When it gets above 95 or so, the plants don't produce flowers and therefore no peppers. We get a flourish of production in the late spring and then again in the late fall. It usually gets in the mid 90s or so here by now so this has been great!
We plant bell peppers, also known as sweet peppers. My family eats these raw. just cut it open, remove the seeds, rinse, and it is ready to eat.
You too can produce your own food. It is not rocket science. It doesn't even take very much time. These plants were planted as seedlings and now we get all of the food we want.
|Published on May 17th, 2012
|Posted by Green Thumb


text:
A Savage Place
first edition
1964 · Garden City, NY
by SLAUGHTER, Frank G.
Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1964. Very Good/Very Good. First edition. Very good in very good dustwrapper. Book name plate on inside front cover, dustwrapper two small 1/4 inch tears on bottom of spine, slight rubbing on top of spine. Please Note: This book has been transferred to Between the Covers from another database and might not be described to our usual standards. Please inquire for more detailed condition information. (Inventory #: 253683)


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text:
You're the world's greatest jewel thief! Well, second greatest. But if you and your team of talented crooks can steal the Black Cat, the world's unluckiest diamond, you'll be legendary!
Thieves' Gambit: The Curse of the Black Cat is an interactive heist caper by Dana Duffield, where your choices control the story. It's entirely text-based—without graphics or sound effects—and fueled by the vast, unstoppable power of your imagination.
Play as male or female; gay, straight, or bi. Choose your methods and your motives. Will you be an honorable thief or a ruthless criminal? A technical genius or a master of disguise? Who can you trust, and who will you double-cross?
The Black Cat has never been stolen, its previous owners all having died under improbably unfortunate circumstances. Break into the palace of San Castellano, pinch the gem, evade the relentless Inspector Bouchard and get away before you succumb to the Curse of the Black Cat!
Source: The Developer Website.


text:
Can members also upload photos to their business listings using your directory software?
Yes. You can choose whether or not you would like to enable members to upload photos beyond their profile photo. Members can upload their logo, headshot, and also create limited or unlimited photo galleries. This is a great way to entice members to select your more premium membership plans. Also, every photo is automatically optimized for SEO and submitted to Google via your dynamic sitemap.
Categories: FAQs


text:
BRC Global Standard for Agents & Brokers
BRC Global Standard - Storage & Distribution
NSF Certification Wholesale and Distribution Standard
RTA Market and Collection Centre Scheme
RTA Livestock Transport Scheme
Welfare in Transport Vehicle Approval Scheme
GAFTA Trade Assurance Scheme (GTAS)
Certification to the IFS Broker Standard is a fundamental requirement of many leading European retailers, particularly in Germany and France. Developed as part of the IFS range of audits by the German retailers (BDH) and the French Retail Group (FCD) the Standard is designed to assess the ability of brokers to comply with food safety requirements and demonstrate due diligence. Certification can be achieved at two levels, Foundation and Higher Level, depending on the score achieved at the assessment.
The principal requirements of the Standard are the adoption of HACCP, a documented quality management system, the control of suppliers, product, process and personnel.
NSF Certification operate a network of overseas offices which are able to offer IFS audits in selected sectors in the native language of the country where the audit takes place. NSF Certification assessors have been examined and approved by IFS to carry out IFS assessments.
Useful Links
Back to Certification and Assurance
How to get in touch with us:
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Phone +44 (0)1993 885 610
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Food Safety Bites - January 2018


text:
Think you've heard it all from the world's most revolutionary axeman? You're not totally experienced yet. On March 5, a previously-unreleased collection of Jimi Hendrix songs will finally see the light more than 40 years after they were initially put to tape. The album, People, Hell and Angels, will contain songs originally intended for First Rays of the New Rising Sun, the unfinished double album that Hendrix was working on just before his death in 1970. Supposedly, the lost tracks will feature Hendrix dabbling in horns, percussion, and keyboards, expanding his already adventurous style into new sonic territory. In the meantime, fans can check out limited-time screenings of the guitarist's legendary set at Woodstock in celebration of the 70th anniversary of his birth.
More like this:
This summer OurStage, Guitar Player magazine, and Ernie Ball teamed up to offer aspiring guitarists a chance to win the ultimate Grand Prize with the Guitar Player "Take The Lead" Competition. The judges are deliberating on a winner as we speak! The winner be featured in an upcoming edition of Guitar Player. While you wait for the big news, here's some exclusive editorial content fresh from guitarplayer.com"enjoy.
"When I was a little kid, I was just consumed by the fact that Tommy Bolin was all over the map," says producer Greg Hampton, who recently partnered with Warren Haynes to release the labor of love, Tommy Bolin and Friends: Great Gypsy Soul [Samson/429 Records]. "He was incredibly diverse musically, and that's what attracted me to him. He became a huge influence on me."
Read more: http://www.guitarplayer.com/article/the-making-of-great-gypsy-soul/148972
Published by Michael Molenda, Guitar Player magazine
Within the upper echelon of heartland rock, at this late date, it all boils down to a crucial question: Springsteen or Petty? The third member of the Holy Trinity, Bob Seger, more or less took himself out of the game over the last couple of decades, while John Mellencamp's never really been much more than a dim reflection of the others to begin with, so at this juncture"with all the aforementioned Americana rockers having reached sexagenarian status"it's basically about Bruce and Tom.
Even the members of roots-rock royalty are only ever as good as their bands, be they E Street, Silver Bullet, or Heartbreakers, and there's no better measure of a great band's prowess than the mark they make in concert. So the ultimate proving ground in the recording realm becomes not the studio album but the live anthology. But we're not talking about your standard-issue live album here"both Petty and Springsteen have released those. No, a grand-scale summary of the concert repertoire is what's really required to take the artistic temperature of an act in this arena (pun only partially intended).
In this context, one might suggest that Springsteen made a crucial mistake by playing his hand too soon, releasing the three-disc box set Live/1975-85 in 1986, even though he couldn't have known how many subsequent years of concert triumphs he'd be excluding from the collection. But to call a spade a spade, Bruce's biggest blunder in our little imaginary competition was in valuing strength over subtlety. They don't call him The Boss for nothing"Springsteen's sound has always been about larger-than-life statements delivered with an almost Wagnerian grandeur. As he's the master of the mode, it's often thrilling, but it also precludes the possibilities inherent in a lower-key lean, especially live, and that's where The Heartbreakers come into the picture.
Where the inspirations for the E Street approach come from Phil Spector's Wall of Sound productions and Roy Orbison's pathos-ridden rock operettas, the comparatively laconic Petty and his Gainesville gang were modeled more after the supple, sinuous feel of the famed Southern soul sessionmen of Muscle Shoals, AL, the minimalist R&B grooves of Booker T. & The M.G.'s, and the laid-back country funk of J.J. Cale. Those are the roots The Heartbreakers bring to bear while breathing life into Petty's tunes, but while there's nary an ounce of flash or bombast to be found anywhere near a Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers concert, there's no shortage of soulful fire and pure rock & roll energy either. With characteristic caginess, Tom waited another quarter-century after Bruce to bring out his big live box set, simply dubbed The Live Anthology, released at the tail end of 2009. In its deluxe version, it took five CDs, two DVDs, a Blu-Ray disc, and a wealth of graphic-oriented extras to tell its tale of a band with three decades-plus of tasteful-but-torrid road-rocking behind them.
The holiday season is supposed to appeal to all of our finer instincts as sentient earthlings "at least that's the idea that's been inculcated in us practically since birth. So why is its annual arrival commonly greeted with the kind of dull-eyed existential dread otherwise reserved for tax audits, traffic court and other such frivolities? Maybe it's because of the stress that comes along with finding just the right gifts for all the loved ones on our lists. After all, some folks are a snap"another Xbox game, Scotch bottle or sweater, and they're set"but everyone's holiday shopping list always contains at least one or two of the type we'll term "The Difficult Ones." Their tastes are micro-specific, and they usually seem to want nothing, already have everything or both. With that in mind, in the interest of sucking some of the stress out of the season, here are a few humble holiday gift suggestions for "The Difficult Ones" in your own life, conveniently organized by personality type.
The Classic Rockers
Jimi Hendrix – Winterland
Do you have a dude in your life"and in this context, "dude" couldn't be a more appropriate designation"whose idea of extreme sports is playing air guitar to Bachman-Turner Overdrive while pedaling his exercise bike? Someone whose TV remote has somehow been programmed to never depart from the VH1 Classic channel? He may already have every classic-rock reissue, remaster and repackaging you could conceive of, but he hasn't gotten around to this one yet"five live discs featuring Jimi Hendrix in his prime at the legendary Winterland Ballroom. Iit'll send any card-carrying Classic Rocker into a state of six-string ecstasy.
It was thirty years ago that Moving Pictures bumped Rush up from successful journeymen with a respectable following to full-fledged rock stars. While its predecessor (Permanent Waves) was the Canadian power trio's first commercial breakthrough in the US, Moving Pictures was the album that found Rush moving from the prog-rock extravaganzas of the past to a more concise approach, and reaching out in new directions" incorporating everything from New Wave to reggae in their stylistic mix. Since then, the alienation anthem Limelight and the video-game synthesizer riffs and octopus-on-speed drum fills of Tom Sawyer have soundtracked the teen travails of a few different generations, with countless air guitars raised aloft in tribute to the staying power of this crowning moment in Rush's career.
Earlier this year, Geddy Lee, Neil Peart and Alex Lifeson decided to throw Moving Pictures a moving birthday party, taking the album in its entirety to stages all over the world, and Time Machine 2011: Live in Cleveland documents the occasion on both CD and DVD. Examining the motivations behind this kind of full-album tour, singer/bass player Lee says, I think it's born out of two things: you've got an older fanbase that love those particular albums, and love the idea of hearing them in their entirety, and there is a younger fanbase¦they've been handed down those songs without ever having the experience of seeing them played live. So when a band like ourselves plays something like that in its entirety it draws from both those areas.
Remember all those bands you used to hear play at college? The ones people always said would make it someday? Sure, most didn't hit it big, but here's one that did. The members of Eli Young Band met at the University of North Texas in Denton, where all of them were students. After building a strong local fan base, they began to tour regionally and haven't slowed down since. "Crazy Girl," the first single from their new album Life At Best has been climbing the Billboard and iTunes Country Singles charts, and the band has performed on Jimmy Kimmel Live and The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Despite the group's busy schedule, drummer Chris Thompson sat down with us to talk about the band members' diverse influences, their favorite cover tunes and the one venue in Denton that's been a permanent fixture in the band's history.
OS: Your style incorporates a few different rock genres; some tracks on the new album have a ˜70s rock feel, and some even sound a bit like grunge. Who are your biggest rock influences?
CT: We were in high school during grunge time and we were playing in bands then, so of course Pearl Jam and those kinds of groups. And then all that classic rock stuff, too. Bands like Aerosmith, and Kiss and Lynyrd Skynyrd. That's all in there. [laughs]
OS: It's cool how those different styles emerge at certain points in your songs.
CT: Well, when we started the band we all came from pretty different musical backgrounds. The rock stuff was one common denominator, but Mike especially was was more into country and didn't know that much about rock. James was a little more into country too. When we started playing together, we would play each other our music and expose each other to different things, and that's really how we started making our sound.
OS: How would you describe the difference between the Denton, Texas college scene where the band began, and the Nashville music scene where you've written and recorded for several years?
CT: That's a good question. Obviously with college everything is a lot more word of mouth and underground. College is a time for exploration and trying to understand and find new things. I think people go through that with music in college too. They try to seek out new types of music and they're a little more open to new sounds. The college audience member typically wants to have a good time [laughs] and wants to get something new, whereas on the Nashville scene it seems like people get comfortable with what they're familiar with. They like hearing things that remind them of other things. It's a little less explorative.


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If you have an appointment for a tooth extraction before the fabrication of a partial denture, your dentist will advice to use a temporary denture until your gum and supporting bone heal. Temporary dentures are designed to replace the already extracted tooth or teeth, helping you to chew and talk correctly until you reach a permanent solution. They also render normal appearance in public and don't allow the other teeth to shift from their original place, thus avoiding problems in the future.
Temporary denture treatment
Temporary dentures are created using an impression of your mouth cavity. First, your dentist will take an impression for each arch and will recreate as well as possible the occlusion. He or she will also give you advice on the shape and color of your false teeth and gums. This step will be followed by the fabrication of your temporary denture that you'll be able to use after the extractions.
A few important considerations
There's no such thing as a perfect temporary denture. You'll probably need some adjustments until you'll feel comfortable and confident with your new denture; this is only natural and customary.
You'll first notice that you're not able to talk correctly. Again, this is natural, as the process of articulating words is dependable of your mouth cavity and structure. Your tongue will need a few hours or even days to adjust its moves to the new volume. Same goes for chewing. Don't get anxious on the matter, as it won't last long. However, you must keep in mind that getting used to your new temporary denture is a process in itself, even if it will only last until you'll find a more permanent solution: bridge, partial denture or implant.


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Softball beats Hudson, Clarksville in doubleheader
July 3, 2015 The Union Knights softball team played a home doubleheader against two different teams on Tuesday, June 23 and came away with two wins. more »»
Boys beat Hudson, Wapsie Valley
July 3, 2015 Brady Driscol leads Knights to 1-0 victory A magnificent effort by Brady Driscol carried the Knights to a 1-0 win in seven innings over Wapsie Valley on Thursday, June 26. more »»
Softball squad breaks out of slump
June 26, 2015 UNION 1, JESUP 7 On Tuesday, June 16, the Union Knights Softball Team traveled to Jesup and lost to the J-Hawks 7-1 in NICL action. more »»
Soccer squad makes it to state quarterfinals
June 26, 2015 The sixth-ranked Union Knights winning streak came to an end last Thursday afternoon with a 3-2 loss to No. 4 Iowa City Regina in state quarterfinal action. more »»
Knights baseball sits at 8-6
June 19, 2015 Union jumps on Oelwein early and coasts to 15-4 win Union jumped out to an early lead on Oelwein and captured a 15-4 victory on Friday. more »»
Union softball drops four in a row
June 19, 2015 The Union Knights softball team traveled to Conrad for the BCLUW – David Lee Softball Classic on Friday, June 12 and lost a hard fought battle to class 5A Cedar Falls Tigers 7-. more »»
Softball team off to hot start
June 12, 2015 The Knights softball team, winners of their last seven contests, currently sit at 8-1 with a lone 0-2 loss to Jesup early in the season. more »»
Union boys tennis results
May 22, 2015 Results of Union Boys Tennis Meet of Tuesday, May 12, 2015 at Aplington-Parkersburg. Weather=Cold, windy. more »»
UMS wrestlers qualify for state tourney
February 27, 2015 On Sunday, February 8, eight young men from Union Middle School qualified for the 2015 State AAU Wrestling Tournament. The tournament will be held in Des Moines February 2. more »»
Ladies win three straight
January 30, 2015 The Union girls rattled off three straight wins last week, beating Jesup, Denver and Aplington-Parkersburg. Four girls scored in double figures in both contests. more »»
Boys improve to 8-7
January 30, 2015 The Union boys won four games in a row before falling 41-65 against Jesup in a road contest Saturday, January 17. The Knights currently sit at 8-7 and will face Columbus Catholic at home this Frida. more »»
Wrestling team rolls ahead
January 23, 2015 The Union wrestlers continued their dominance on the mat with a pair of tournament wins last week. more »»
Local ladies on CIA team
January 16, 2015 Union students Tori Hadachek and Mckenna Hatch are part of Team CIA (Club Iowa Association). The duo had the chance to participate in a tournament in Waverly recently as part of the CIA Silver team. more »»
Hinders part of unstoppable Wartburg squad
November 26, 2014 Former Union and current Wartburg Knight Cole Hinders continues to rack up accolades, including being named to the 2014 All-Iowa Conference team. more »»
Volleyball team returns to state
November 14, 2014 Union beat Independence in a hard caught four set match to advance to state. This is their fourth year in a row at state. This year they only have one senior, Maria Wrage. more »»
Knights land nine on All-District squad
November 14, 2014 Union lands nine on first team 2A District 6 All-District Team, two on second team, two honorable mention, and eight all academic! 19 team players recognized from past athletic and academic... more »»
Union beats CPU, falls to New Hampton in playoffs
November 7, 2014 NH 26, Union 20 The Union Knights struck quickly in the first half and rode a 14-12 lead into the locker room at half time. New Hampton scored first in the second half to go up 18-14. more »»
Schmitz is an All-Star
October 31, 2014 Union Knight graduate and current Coe College players Matt Schmitz (Pictured above, number 55 making the tackle) has been invited to play at the DIII College All-Star Game!... more »»
Knights fall to Anamosa
October 24, 2014 The Union Knights traveled to Anamosa to take on the Raiders Friday night in non-district action. Both teams were 6-1 on the year and locked up playoff births. more »»
Union routs Iowa Falls 51-0
October 17, 2014 The last regular home season game for the Union Knights celebrated the careers of 20 young men and the defense provided a reason to cheer with the third consecutive shutout over Iowa Falls - Alden,... more »»
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Hi, I'm Veronica and welcome to Down Cakery Lane!
Here you'll find sweet and savory recipes with some cookie and cake decorating thrown in.
Baking has been a part of my life since childhood. I have great memories of making sweet treats with my mother using her cookbooks and magazines. As a child, I loved looking through the December issues, with all the decorated cookies and amazing gingerbread houses. I often return to those cookbooks and magazines which my mother has kept all these years, filled not only with recipes, but with glimpses of the past. At Down Cakery Lane, you'll often see a bit of nostalgia mixed in with my recipes and tutorials. I'm a history teacher and I'm often nostalgic so, from time to time, you'll be going down memory lane. You'll see this come out in some of my posts, like this this one and this one.
Over a decade ago, I made my first fondant cake and I was hooked. Soon, cake decorating became an obsession and my weekends were filled with requests from family and friends for birthday cakes, cupcakes and decorated cookies.
I named my site Down Cakery Lane because of the focus on cakes and cookies. However, this blog reflects my daily life which includes lots of healthy vegetarian and gluten free meals.
Down Cakery Lane is a place for those of you, like me, that eat healthy yet splurge a bit during special occasions.
It's for those of you that bake and cook for family members with all types of restrictions…from gluten free to sugar free, vegetarian to meat eaters- they're all in my family, as well.
Down Cakery Lane is my baking and cooking chronicle- where I'll share my love of baking, but also my love of healthy food.
If you have any questions concerning any of my recipes, you can contact me here.
If you don't want to miss any posts, subscribe to email updates here.
You can also follow me on social media sites:
Pinterest: www.pinterest.com/downcakerylane/
Facebook: www.facebook.com/downcakerylane
Twitter: https://twitter.com/DownCakeryLane
Instagram: http://instagram.com/down_cakery_lane/
I hope you enjoy my recipes. Thanks for going Down Cakery Lane!


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Non flammable firework
Expand Messages
- Another great "banger" for you all.
Take a large soda bottle, fill 1\8 full of dry Ice, then fill 1\2
with water, screw cap on and RUN. These things will blow hands off
and blow holes in the ground if done just right.
Explosive nerd
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text:
Recovery. They say it's just a another step towards happiness, but to some people it's the only step to survive.
It's been over a month since I've been in contact with Harry, Jason and Nina. I feel like I'm the blame. It's just comes from the thoughts that I could have done so much more on the road. I could have saved so many blood loss and illness if I could have only held on a little bit longer. I just blame myself. It's always my fault, it always has been.
- Mae, it's dinner time! Mom yells
- Fine I'm coming! I yell back
I start to walk very slowly because my legs got injured pretty badly and I took a long time to heel. Who knew it could be this painful.
- Honey when are you going to go back to school? Dad says
- I don't know dad. I just don't feel like I'm ready to face them, I just feel like they need some time to progress the fact that they still look awful. Trying to make a joke so they couldn't see how sad I was
- It's just ridiculous for them to not even contact you. I just think it's a little bit...
- Mom seriously just stop! Can't I have at least just one meal without you talking about the accident!? I snapped
- I'm sorry honey I just really wonder how you feel about it because you don't even talk to us anymore about anything.
- You know what mom and dad? I think I want to eat this meal upstairs please. I said
- Honey c'moon don't be like that. Dad said
- Then what do you like to do or be!? I just feel like I'm never enough for anyone, like I always have to make everyone else happy.
- It's not like that. Honey we have to talk to you about something important. Dad said
- What?
-Remember "The British Mayor" ? Mom said
- Kind of.. Why? I said remembering it was Harry's dad
- He's coming.
- Where?
- Here.
- What do you mean here!? Like to America?
- Yeah, more like HERE.
- Here here?
- Yes darling here to our home.
- Oh shit. I said getting pale
- Mae watch the language! Dad said
- Sorry, I just don't know how to take it when you guys tell me that the famous "British Mayor" comes here. Oh My God... I have to tell Harry... I said to myself quietly
- Tell who and what? Dad asked
- Nothing and nobody. Guys I think I have to go out to finally get some fresh air.
- Are you kidding or are you for real? Mom said
- For real mom.
- Of course you can go! You haven't been out for a month!
- Okay but I need to eat my food and get my cellphone.
I ate quickly and changed and got everything I needed.. Except.... How do I know where Harry is? I mean it's not like we've talked or anything.
After getting out of the house I started to call Harry but he wouldn't answer and it went straight to voice mail.
- "Hey this is Harry and I can't reach the phone right now so leave a message" ~peeeeeep~
- Oh for fuck sake Harry it's not the right time to ignore me and my messages please answer it's really important. I say frustrated
- Hello? A voice answered me
- Harry is that you? Thank God! There's something I have to tell you in face like it's really important!
- Who is this?
- It's Mae, who is this?
- Your worst nightmare.
- Excuse me?
- I will be if you don't come here immediately! A voice started to get louder
- Where should I come I can barely walk I mean I have sticks for Lord's sake.
- Why? Your leg's broken?
- None of your damn business. Where should I come?
- I'll call you a cab just tell me where you are.
I told him my location and after a while a big limo came. Who the hell is this guy? I mean is he a freaking billionaire?
- Ma'am I'm here to pick you up.
- Okay? Where are we going?
- Can't tell you that ma'am.
- Fine. If I'm going to die just tell my parents okay?
- Yes ma'am.
We drove to somewhere a bit far but a really nice place like I'm not kidding it's a freaking huge mansion. I haven't even seen those in movies.
- What is this place?
- Ma'am it's something you can't tell people about or take pictures or anything that is rude in this place. It's a place that most people don't even know about.
- Damn sir you talk like it's a freaking FBI office or something.
- Just go inside ma'am please.
I walked slowly with my sticks and tried to cover the pain I was in by smiling. The place was awesome. There were some many green plants and some many different flowers and roses. The house was beige and really modern I mean there could live at least 50 people in there.
As I was walking the door opened by a staff member of this house.
- Welcome ma'am.
I don't know what was up with the weird accents like the driver sounded British just like the staff.
- Hello. May I ask where am I?
- Yes ma'am. This is the house where the kids of The British Mayor lives ma'am. The hot staff member said
- Okay? So is Harry here?
- Shh ma'am! You can't say that here! You have to say Mr. Harry or Mr. Styles Jr. it's strictly forbidden for any of us to call them by their first names ma'am.
- I see. So is Harry here or not dude? I just seriously don't have time for this.
- Ma'am I am going to say this one more time. Do not call Mr. Styles by his first name or I'm going to have to ask you to leave peacefully of forcefully. Do you understand?
- Well dude, I hardly understood anything because of your weird accent so please don't waste my time. I Harry here or not?
- I'm so sorry ma'am.
- For what?
The staff member kicked my leg knowing it was in great pain. I guess it was their rule, what an asshole.
- Son of a biiiiiitttchhh!!!! Are you kiddding meeeeeeeeeeeee?? Oh my God! The tears started to fall because daahh what happens if someone kicks your leg when it's broken for Lord's sake
- What is going on here? Hahaha Mae you've got to be kidding me hahaha. A weird British accent voice came towards me walking down the stairs while I thought I was going to pass out.
- Mae? Get up. Frank, get her up please and take her to the guest room. The British accented guy said
- Yes Mr...
- No don't say it, she doesn't have to know it yet. The British dude said
- Yes sir.
I was carried upstairs and a nurse or someone came in and checked my leg saying it was going to be fine. Apparently Frank didn't break it again.
- Yes Ms. Mae. You are going to be alright. Just take it easy. The nurse said
- Okay thanks. I said with a bitch attitude.
- Thanks a lot "Frank" for kicking my leg! I said looking at him
- I really am sorry ma'am I just am demanded to do so if you don't follow the rules. He said with straight face, the rules didn't apparently let him to get emotional
- Yeah, okay that's really just logical to me thanks. Where the British little sh.....
- Ma'am! I'm going to have to ask you to be quiet! Frank said
- Frank let her be please. It's fun seeing a newbie suffer.
I looked at Frank who seemed relieved to be demanded to not talk to me for a while. I looked at the British guy and it was Jerry!
- Jerry!? Is that you? What the hell dude? I said furiously
- What is going on Mae you little devil? Jerry said with a smirk
- Are you kidding me!? Why are you here? Where's Harry?
- First of all guys get out of here please.
- Yes Mr. Styles. The staff said and left
- So lets begin with how do you know my name? Jerry asked
- Well to be honest I just overheard you and Harry talk to each other so...
- It's still Mr. Styles ma'am. Frank said
- Why are you still here? I asked
- Oh Frank is our bodyguard as well. He doesn't leave the room until he proves you safe.
- Safe? What the hell is going on here? You know what, never mind. I just really need to talk to Harry it's really important.
- Why? You can tell me and I'll tell him.
- No this is just between him and I.
- Okay suit yourself.
We left the room and walked a long way to another room which was incredible! I had never seen such a cool room.
- What is this?
-It's Harry's room as you requested. I won't come in because I have a lot of work to do but Frank here will come in.
- Fine by me just let me see him. I didn't even realize that I was going to see him for the first time since the accident. I hadn't even prepared a speech
- I have to warn you ma'am he's not in a good shape right now. Frank said
- What do you mean?
- He's in a coma, he's been in a coma for a month just right after the accident.
- What!? Oh my God! This is all my fault.
I walked toward Harry. I felt guilty and it was hard for me to see him.
- Mr. Styles here's Ms. Mae. She came to see you and is here to talk to you. A nurse said
- H-Harry. I'm so sorry this happened to you I really am. I just have to tell you that your dad is coming. He's coming to my house and I just don't know what to say to him. I just really need your advice and I wanted to warn you. I remember what you said about your dad like how strict he is and how honest he is. I don't know what to do.
- We aren't sure if he's hearing anything we say so it's hard to tell if he'll remember anything when he wakes up.
- Okay I understand. Thanks.
- Mae can I talk to you for a minute? Jerry knocked on the door
- I should go.. Bye Harry.
I walked out of the door and I felt tears in my eyes.
- What's up? I said
- Are you serious about my dad coming here? Jerry said nervously
- Yeah? Why?
- Oh shit. Ohhh shiittt. I can't... Guys! We have to get ready! My dad is coming to America guys! Jerry started to yell in worry
- Why are you so worried? I'm the one who's screwed.
- Well you don't know my dad and your lucky. He's just not the guy you want to mess with. Especially when we're talking about Harry.
- Harry is the ultimate no when it comes to dad. He says everything has got to be perfect, when Harry wants something it's a big no. We have to get straight A's and don't even talk about how Harry has to be. Dad is somehow always with Harry. He won't let him out of his sight when he's here. You don't want to mess with him. Jerry said with panic
- Well then I'm screwed. Thanks a lot.
- You know what Mae you should go. I'll come and pick you up tomorrow okay bye.
I didn't even get to say bye back because I was carried outside and I was in the car within a second. I was driven home and it was not even late but I went to bed. I didn't want to think about Harry's dad or Jerry or Harry himself. It was a torture for me to see him that way and it's all my fault.
Q&A Ask me anything; love-,friendship-,school related...
***Announcement: It would mean so much if you supported...
Ally Hylton has had a difficult life. When she was...
Ellie is your average girl. Until her dad becomes One...
When the 16 years old girl called Emily, decided to...
"Babygirl?" I looked up at Harry through my eyelashes,...


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Shocked by recent employee(18 Posts)
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Madlizzy Mon 12-Aug-13 23:20:57
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In World-wide law, Sanctions are an imposition put on a report that breaches an international regulations. They are utilised as a kind of penalty within the offender point out. Sanctions are often something which is used to drive a say to comply with rules and laws. The Security Local authority or council, a division within U . N . is charged with keeping overseas contentment. In order to guarantee timely and beneficial steps through U . N ., its customers confer to the Protection Authorities major accountability regarding the maintenance of worldwide calmness and reliability, and recognize that in accomplishing its duties within this requirement the Security Authorities works for them . Several objectives and strategies applied by the Local authority come with; trouble conclusion, no- proliferation, resist-finally, terrorism and democratization defense of civilians.
The Review attempts to examine some of these principles and then the permissible structure of Sanctions. The Idea Of Global SANCTIONS All kinds of sanction regimes are in push. As the report analyses the concept of sanctions in relation to the objectives and strategies used by the council, an analysis of some of the regimes shall be referred to. Clash Solution The Protection Council has used different types of regimes on the objective and purpose turning out to be clash decision. (more…)
In Overseas regulations, Sanctions are an imposition attached to a declare that breaches a worldwide rules. They are utilised as a kind of penalty towards offender point out. Sanctions are usually also an instrument employed to drive a state to comply with rules and laws. The Safety Authorities, a division during the United Nations is arrested for preserving international peace of mind. To guarantee immediate and efficient activity through the United Nations, its users confer on Safety measures Authority chief duty for any repair of foreign serenity and security, and all agree that in undertaking its tasks using this responsibility the safety Authorities works for them . Examples of the strategies and objectives applied by the Council include things like; clash image resolution, low- proliferation, countertop-terrorism, finally and democratization coverage of civilians. The State tries to review a number of these basics and appropriate aspect of Sanctions. The Technique Of Overseas SANCTIONS A range of sanction regimes are usually in force.
As the report analyses the concept of sanctions in relation to the strategies and objectives used by the council, an analysis of some of the regimes shall be referred to. Turmoil Image resolution The Security Authorities has applied a variety of regimes for the objective and purpose to be clash picture resolution. (more…)


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The first time I had the opportunity to see #prince, I was just 11. My brother had two tickets to the Purple Rain tour. He went with my moms boyfriend instead. I was too young and alas probably wouldn't have even understood but MAN was I bummed at my mom, brother etc… About 5 years ago when they announced the Oakland Arena shows I jumped to grab a ticket for the first night. Spent WAY More money than I had any business spending, put a crew together including inflatable-guitar-wielding Steve Kirchner Amy Pitner John Miles Aimee Miles Andrea Lundquist and we went…. and were BLOWN AWAY. By Prince, by Larry, by Sheila E, but yeah, mainly Prince. Himself. That singular, once in a lifetime of lifetimes talent. I quickly scooped up tickets to the next two nights and was therefore late on rent that month. Yeah Prince, I almost lost my apartment for you.
Later on I had the chance to see him at DNA, heck I had my ticket and was in line to get in, but fighting the flu, and facing a long wait in the cold to get into a hot crowded club, I sold my ticket. I also could have had a ticket to see him a few weeks ago and declined. I felt like three nights at Oakland Arena were enough for now and I'd always have a chance again. Sure, I'll take any chance I can to see George Clinton, and Willie Nelson, but Prince Rogers Nelson is young and in the height of his powers. We really thought we had more time.
Prince was the personification of everything our species has learned about music to date. About classical training and instrumental virtuosity. About hard times making for deep soul. About the gorgeous anger of black rock. About the unrelenting courage of soul music. About the deeply erotic pulse of the funk.
And this more than anything, about the voice being the greatest instrument ever invented. Prince with a piano was an angel. Prince with a guitar was a devil. But Prince's voice was the voice of a god himself. It was that uncompromising voice, and the incredibly courageous and creative songs that sprung from it, that are our greatest loss.
It may sound like an exaggeration, but I believe this firmly. Prince was the greatest single musician in American history, by any standard you choose to apply. Musicianship. Virtuosity. Vision. Songwriting breadth, depth, and quality. Importance to the business of music. Relevance and quality from the very beginning to the very end of his career. Pick any standard and the answer is PRINCE. Only Bruce Springsteen is even in the conversation with him, and Bruce would probably be the first to admit that its not even a conversation.
At this point we usually say "Rest in Peace" or something like it but I would rather hope Prince does not rest. I want Prince to continue to rock, to agitate, to relentlessly innovate, to fight for his right to express his musical and personal beliefs. Witness Jehovah, the coming of musical royalty. Raise your voices in joy.