text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|May 22, 1973
|Filing date
|Aug 30, 1971
|Priority date
|Jan 20, 1970
|Publication number
|Tasso J
|Original Assignee
|Tasso J
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (7), Classifications (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent Tasso 1 May 22, 1973 1 INFORMATION STORE SYSTEM HAVING DATA BLOCK SHIFT [57 ABSTRACT REGISTERS [76] Inventor: Joseph N. Tasso, 18 rue de la Glaciere, 75 Paris 130, France [22] Filed: Aug. 30, 1971 [2]] Appl. No.: 176,117
{52] US. Cl. ..340/l72.5 {51] Int. Cl. ..G1 11: 9/00 [58] Field of Search ..340/l72.5
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,388,383 6/1968 Shivdasani et al IIIIIIIIIIIIIII IMO/172.5
3,47 l ,835 lO/l969 Gribble et al A34O/l72.5
3,543,247 l H1970 Schrem .,340/l72.5 3,63i,402 l2/l97l Field ..340/l72.5
3,648,255 3/l972 Beausoleil et ai I I "340M725 3,654,622 4/1972 Beausoleil h340/ l 725 3% W V I 2. 4002555 Iwrur (ea/$75k Sal/I? eta/57": SELErf/ warn ock lard/s r52 4 mass In an information processing system Operating under the control of programmes of instruction-words on data blocks each Of which is an orderly assembly of bits, an optimized average access store system comprises a plurality of block shift registers, each addressable as a memory section and each having a number of shift block positions at least equal to the total number of information block lines which may be stored in the memory section, and a selection device which upon reception of an address Of a section and of an address of a block in said section controls a shift of the block lines in said section up to the coincidence of the addressed block with a read/write station associated with the addressed memory sectionv The selection device includes an addressing table which may or not be an associative address store or a random-access store and means for determining the optimal direction to impart to said controlled shift when the shift register constituting said section is shiftable in both directions At least one index block may be pro vided in a block shift register, when desired, for easing and/Or speeding the selection operations.
7 Claims, 9 Drawing Figures MEMaEI aomzESS meat 5 new, on.)
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SHEEI 2 OF 4 mmmnmzrhmrhiti w INFORMATION STORE SYSTEM HAVING DATA BLOCK SHIFT REGISTERS SHORT SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention concerns improvements in or relating to information store systems adapted to processing systems which operate under the control of pro grammes of instruction-words for processing data blocks each constituted by an orderly assembly of bits. It more particularly concerns such stores of substantial capacity of blocks.
Whether or not a data processing system includes a fast access buffer store arrangement, an important problem is the access time of the data blocks in large capacity stores which must exist in the system. As known a the random access types of stores, usually made of magnetic cores, present the drawback of a too high cost per bit. The known semi-random access kinds of stores, even those capable of a fast delivery of the information, still have access times of too high a value: the average access time of an information word in a drum or disk magnetic store is equal to one-half of a rotation turn of the magnetic member; the average access time of an information in a looped shift or circulating register equals one-half of the time necessary to one complete turn of the information along said loop (onequarter of said time only when the register may be controlled for a two-way circulation along the loop).
A shift register usually operates, as known, in a step by step progression of the contents of its cells. A step may comprise either a progression of a single register position or a progression of a definite number of such positions. In most kinds of shift registers the progression may be controlled bothways. A shift register may be provided with a fairly high capacity of bits up to two thousand and forty bits and more when desired. Several techniques may be used for making such shift registers as, for instance the MOS technique (MOS is an abbreviation for Metal Oxide Semi-conductors") which enables the manufacture of logic and amplifier integrated circuitry adapted to be used as cascade-connected and translation controlled one-digit stores the assembly of which constitute a shift register, which may conveniently be looped and wherein the shifts may be controlled in both directions. Another known technique is the one named DTPL, an abbreviation for Domain Transmission and Propagation Logics," a technique concerned with anisotropic magnetic channels along which magnetization wall domains can be propagated in a step by step controlled fashion. These and other techniques may be used for providing appreciably compact multi-register stores with a reasonable cost per bit.
An object of the invention is to provide an information store system making use of such shift registers for so handling data blocks therein that their access is optimized with respect to the statistical structure of the programmes in any information processing system of which such store system is a part, so that the apparent access time of the registers is of the same order of magnitude as the access time of random access types of information stores.
Another object of the invention is so to provide said information store system that the most probable working zones for the moving infomiation in the store will dynamically position themselves near and around the read/write stations associated with the shift registers in said store during operation thereof from the programmes executed by the processing system.
According to a feature of the invention, an information store system comprises the combination of:
a plurality of memory sections each one of which constitutes a block shift register made of as many bit shift registers as are bits in any line of a block, each one of said bit shift register having as many bit positions as are lines of blocks settable in said block shift register,
means for simultaneously controlling the shifts of the bit registers in a block shift register,
a plurality of read/write stations respectively associated with said block shift registers in a number at least equal to that of said block shift registers, and,
a selection control arrangement responsive to any call including an address of a memory section and an address of a block in said memory section for controlling in the addressed memory section a shift of the lines of the blocks up to registration of the addressed block and a read/write station of said block shift register.
According to another feature of the invention, part at least of said block shift registers and said shift controlling means are adapted to operate both-way shifts in said registers and said selection control arrangement comprises means for deciding which way of shift is the one to control in a block shift register for a quicker selection of an addressed block thereof.
These and further features of the invention will be described in full detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein;
FIG. 1 shows one example of an information store system according to the invention;
FIG. 2 shows one example of a block shift register in FIGJ;
FIG. 3 shows another example of a block shift register in FIG];
FIG. 4 is an example of a looped arrangement of a memory section in a store according to the invention;
FIGS.5 and 6 show another example of a looped arrangement of a memory section which may be used in a store according to FIG.1;
FIG. 7 shows one example of embodiment of the de vice shown as 16 in the example of H01; and,
FIGSB and 9 respectively show two examples of unidirectionally looped memory sections which may also be used in FIG.1.
With the description of said examples it will become apparent that the invention may further be reduced to practice in a number of possible fashions.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION In FIG. 1 is shown a large capacity information store M which is made of a plurality of memory sections, from S1 to Sn, each of which is a block shift register. Each one of the memory sections cooperates with a write/read station, PL-PE, the outputs of which are connectable through a routing circuit 30 to the readout register RL and the write-in register RE of the store M. A table of block addresses is associated with the store M, and in FIGJ, said table is an associative table TA. The circuitry arrangement between M and TA will be later described. Each call from the processing sys tem to the store introduces a block address in the conventional incoming address register Al. Said address word includes: in part 1 of the register,a memory section address; in parts 2-3 of the register, a block address in said section. When each memory section is organized in block pages or groups, part 2 is a group or page address and part 3 is the address of the block in the page or group. A decoded output of the content in part 1 of the register AI controls the routing circuit 30 for connecting the PL-PE station of the memory section identified by said address to the read-in register RE and the read-out register R1. of the store. Each time an address is introduced into Al, and through a connection 39 responsive to such introduction, a block selection device 16 is activated for selecting a block of the address introduced in parts 2-3 of Al in the memory section adressed by part 1 of A], connection 31 also controlling a routing circuit 17 for connection of the output of 16 to the control shift circuits of the adressed memory section.
In most applications of a store system according to the invention, two distinct types of block will be provided, i.e. a data block and an index block, respectively denoted RBI and RBR in FIG.2. Assuming for the sake of simplicity that each block only comprises one line of bits, each data block RBI may comprise a special bit R containing a bit of value 1 whereas each index block may comprise a special bit R of same position of value 0. Generally speaking, the index blocks of the memory sections are provided for relaying or completing the address table of the system, at least when said table is made with a number of lines definitely lower than the number of memory sections in the store M. When provided, an index block RBR must define the rank of the data block which immediately precedes or follows it. When initialized, an index block RBR receives in part 50 thereof a code made of a definite number of bits for identifying the rank of said preceding or following data block. An index block may be auxiliarly used for receiving other information such as keys and other servicing information which may casually, and when required, be copied in the table of addresses according to usual criteria of store infonnation processing: illustratively, for instance, such additional initial data in an index block may serve to vary the format of the pages when the memory sections are organized in pages or groups of blocks. Such an organization is shown in FIG. 3 wherein two pages Po and P1 are illustrated, each made of nine blocks the middle one being an index block. Said index block, marked with a O in its R location, comprises a part 52 wherein is recorded a code representing the rank of the next following page in the memory section. Another part 53 of said index block may record a code representing the rank of the data block RBI which follows it in the page. This code in 53 is not at all imperative since, actually, the format is given in the address table,or in another conventional store of the processing system as the case may be. Similarly in certain applications, the and 1 bit discrimination between data blocks and index blocks may be omitted if the memory of sequences of such blocks exists elsewhere in the processing system utilizing the store.
FIG. 4 is a representation of a looped memory section which only comprises a single page of blocks. A single index block is shown at 0 for marking the beginning of the page. In the rest position of the memory section, this block is under the read/write station PL- PE. When said memory section is selected from an address in Al, the content of said index block 0 is transfered into the read-out register RL of the memory section store and may serve as a reference for the control of rotation around the looped shift register which will bring the adressed data block in said section in registration with the PL-PE station of said section.
FIG. 5 is a representation of a looped memory section illustratively made of eight pages, P0 to P7, each page comprising a page index block, from 0 to 7, and illustratively, it is the page index block No.2 which is registering with the PL-PE station of said memory section. This position indicates that, after a use of the memory section, said section has not been the subject of a further call. During a selection of a data block in the page, it is the selected data block which registers with the PL-PE station, as shown in FlG.6.
In the examples shown in FIGS. 4 and 5-6, the block shift registers constituting the memory section are looped and it must be understood that the information may be shifted around said loop either in one direction or in the reverse direction. Actually, each block shift register constituting a memory section is made of a plurality of bit shift registers, such as Rb, FIG. 1, said plurality comprising as many bit shift registers as are bits per block RB. The said bit shift registers Rb are simultaneously controlled in each section 8 for execution of the shifts of the blocks therein. When desired, the bit shift registers of a memory section may be physically assembled in sub-sections each of which may be made in a distinct module of integrated circuitry.
ln the example shown in FIG. 1, the address table TA may be an associative table comprising a certain number of lines, i.e. registers, adapted to receive an address of a memory section in part 11 and an address of data block in part 12-13. When the memory sections of the store are organized in pages or groups, the higher weight bits in 12 define the address of a page or group and the lower weight bits in 13 define the address of the data block within said page. Any address of memory section introduced in part 1 of the incoming address register AI must be compared, in this embodiment, with any and all addresses of memory sections existing in the parts 1 l of the line registers of the table TA, an associative search of a well-known kind: a comparator COMP receives on one input thereof the code existing in part 1 of A] through a connection 33 and a further connection 41 activates a read-out of the codes recorded in parts 11 of the line registers of TA for application to a connection 32 to the other input of the comparator COMP. The arrangement may ensure a true simultaneous comparison of the code incoming at 33 and all the codes incoming at 32 (multiple connection of course in this respect). When the table TA is made with a few line registers, the comparison may be sequential provided the speed of operation is sufficient to make it appear simultaneous with respect to the timing of operation of the system which embodies the store and from which emanates the codes introduced in Al.
The comparator COMP exists in a normal associative table or memory organization and presents two distinct outputs; one of them, DIF, when activated, marks a negative comparison answer; the other of them EG, when activated, marks a positive comparison answer. When the comparator output DIF is activated, a control circuit 8 is unblocked through a connection 40 from DIF for controlling in the associative table TA the code existing in Al, through 35. Simultaneously as known the circuit 8, actually a part of the associative table, controls a re-arrangement of the data in said associative table. When said table was full, the fresh incoming address code will be recorded in a line register of TA marked in said table as recording a previous content which can be erased and the table issues at E] a signal marking the ejection of such a content from the table. concomitantly, the activation of the output DlF of the comparator unblocks a gate arrangement 23 for introducing in the selection device 16 the content of the read-out register RL of the store M through the connection 38. This content is that of a block which, in the selected memory section, registers with the PL station of said section. Since the address of the memory section is not in the associative table TA, this content is that of an index block of the section. The part 2-3 of the address in Al is introduced in 16 through the connection 39. The detail of the organization and operation of 16 will be herein below detailed.
When the output E6 of the comparator COMP is activated, the code of the block address 12-13 for which the identity has been detected is introduced in the device 16, for instance through a gate arrangement 36 unblocked when EG is activated. Concomitantly, through a gate arrangement 44, the code of the rank of the line register of TA the content of which ensures an activation of E6 is applied to the control circuit 8 for a rearrangement of the content of the table TA. The device 16 received from Al through 39 the code of the fresh address of block introduced in part 2-3 of Al.
In either of the above defined conditions, the device 16 has received the fresh address of a block in a selected memory section and the code of the address of the block which, in this memory section registers with the PL-PE station. As said, the output of 16 is connected to the memory section through 17 which has been controlled from the output 31 of Al. From such conditions, the device 16 will control a shift of a number of steps for bringing the data block addressed in A] in registration with the station PL-PE of the memory section.
Said circuit 16 also controls operation in the store M responsive to the "ejection" ofa content of a line register in the associative table TA. If no step were provided, the position of the information in the memory section corresponding to part 11 of said ejected content would be lost and this memory section could not be further used on further calls from the processing system. When the output E] of the table TA is activated, it further activates the circuit 16 through the connection 43 and said circuit 16 receives through the connection 34 from TA the address code 12-13 of the block ejected from the associative table. A connection 42 is also activated for temporary substitution for 31 and consequently for temporary connection of the output of 16 to the memory section the address of which was in part 11 of the ejected line register content.
Prior the description of an illustrative, though not limitative, embodiment of the circuit 16 in relation to H0. 7 of the drawings, some remarks must be made: in most cases, the information processing system to which the store is associated operates on a programme of instructions wherein at each step of this programme it will need a narrow zone of a memory section of the store. During the execution of such a step of the programme, each operating zone in the store and more precisely in a memory section of said store, will be situated around the PL-PE station of this section. Consequently, most of the time any shift to controi in the memory section will be only of a few steps for passing from an incoming block address to the next incoming block address in Al. As the table is re-arranged at each new call, the newly identified position is available for the selection control of the next further address. As long as this kind of operating condition is maintained, the index blocks will remain unused and the circuit 16 must only consider such index blocks to exist in view of the number of elementary shifts to be controlled for the addressed memory section. When, on the other hand, during the progression of a programme, a particular memory section remains unused during a sufficient time for an ejection from the table of the last working address in said section, the circuit 16 will, as said, operate to reset the memory section to a position whereat an index block is brought in registration with the PL-PE station of the section. When, FIGS. 5-6, the memory sections are organized in pages, the device 16 will be so programmed that it only ensures a minimal shift for bringing into registration with the said PL-PE station the index block of the last used page, that is to say a few number of elementary steps (at most four in the example illustrated in FIG.3).
The number of line registers to provide in the table TA is a matter of consideration wherein several factors may be taken into account, and such a choice of number of line registers will be herein later discussed.
The circuit 16 of FIG. 1 will now be described in relation to FIG. 7 as adapted for the case wherein each one of the memory sections comprises eight pages, each page comprising nine blocks the middle-one of which is an index block and the other ones of which are data blocks:
A register F receives the address of the block to position in registration with the PL-PE station of the concerned memory section each time a DlF signal or an EF signal is activated. As said, the shift operation leading to such a result may be followed, when the signal EJ is activated, a further shift operation for resetting the memory section the address code of which is ejected from the table TA. In this last operation, there is no possible change of page and the address to introduce in the register F may be an arbitrary one, as, for instance, a code 000 100 forced into F by the connection 43. The bit of the higher weight of a block address is equal to l in the above-described organization in pages of the memory sections.
The circuit 16 also includes a count-discount member CD. When the signal EG becomes of a true" level, output EG being activated, said member CD receives from 36 and through the gate circuit 77 and the cascaded OR-circuit 76, the code of the address, prior any shift, of the block positioned in registration with the PE-PL station of the selected memory section. When, on the other hand, it is the signal DlF which comes true, said address code is introduced into (ID from the connection 38 and through the gate circuit and the cascaded OR-circuit 76. Further, when an ejection occurs in the table TA, the member receives a code through 34, activated from E], and, as in such a case, no change of page is possible, said code must be the same as introduced in F, i.e. for instance, the abovementioned code 000 xxx, whereby the amplitude of the subsequent shift in the memory section will be at most equal to one-half of a page of blocks, not taking the index block into account of course.
A comparator circuit 80 receives at 60 and 61 the contents of F and CD and delivers a coincidence signal each time a coincidence is met between the applied codes. It is assumed that all signals E0, E1, DlF came false as soon as the first clock pulse H is applied to CD. The number of bits in F and CD is equal to the number of bits in the part 2-3 of the incoming address code Al, FlG.l, which defines the number of bits to be compared by 80.
A circuit arrangement 71 is provided for determining which is the better direction to impart to the shifts for controlling the selected memory section. The positive direction, marked is for instance the direction in which the codes of addresses of blocks are increasing. The reverse direction is marked The circuit arrangement 71 will be herein later described.
The organization of FIG.7 must satisfy three kinds of operations respectively corresponding to the activations of the outputs DIF, EG and EJ of FIGJ. Said signals are applied to an OR-circuit 94 and the shift operations proper start when the output of said OR-circuit comes to a true level. According to the decision from the circuits 71 that the direction of the shift must be a positive one or a negative one in the selected memory section, the output 67 or the output 68 of said circuits is activated. When output 67 is activated, a gate 95 is unblocked and the signal at 69 passes through said gate for actuating a bistable member When output 68 is activated, it unblocks a gate 96 and the signal at 69 passes through said gate and actuates a bistable member When the bistable member is actuated, its output activates a connection 73 which, through the routing circuit 17 reaches the shift control circuit of that direction in the memory section Si so that the clock pulses H are applied to said positive shift control circuit for Si. The activation of 73 also controls through a gate 91 the control input of the countdiscount member CD to which are applied the clock pulses H. When, on the other hand, the bistable member is actuated, it activates a connection 74 which, through the routing circuit 17 reaches the negative" shift control circuit in the memory section Si and the clock pulses H will then actuate this control circuit. The activation of 74 also controls, through a gate 92, the control input of CD. In both conditions, the shift in Si is automatically carried or until the comparator 80 issues a signal detecting the identities of the contents of F and CD and, through the OR-circuit 93, resets either the bistable member through the connection 100 or the bistable member through the connection 101, as the case may be, provided gate 93 is conducting that is to say when neither EJ nor DlF is activated. The resetting of the bistable member stops the shift in Si.
When the signal E1 or the signal DlF is "true", it may be that, prior to any shift, the contents of F and CD are equal. When DIF is true, CD records a code xxxlOO and F may record the address of a data block following an index block in the section, consequently, a code xxxlOO. Notwithstanding said identity, the shift must not be inhibited in Si. The circuits 71 activate the "positive shift output 67, the bistable member is actuated but the gate 91 is blocked from an application of the signal DTF on one of its inputs. After the first shift step, DIF turns false" and the shift operation is stopped. The required one step shift has been made. In the symmetrical case when E] is true, CD may store a code such as 000100 which is also the code introduced into F for such a condition. The memory section must be controlled for a single step shift in the negative" direction. The application of the signal E to the inputs of the circuits 93 and 92 ensures the required single step shift whereas CD is blocked,since the circuits 71 issue at 68 the negative shift control signal for activation of the bistable member and the subsequent activation of the connection 74. After the first shift step, EJ comes false and the shift control of Si is deactivated.
When the memory section includes one or more index blocks the passages through such blocks must not activate the member CD whereas the bistable member or the bistable member as the case may be, must control the shift in the memory sectionv Each time the connection 120 finds in CD the code Ol l, CE then containing CD2CD1CDO and the output connection of is at a true level, the circuit 88 activates the bistable member through the OR-circuit 108 and said member 90 from its output 106 blocks the transfer circuit 91 and inhibits the count or advance input of CD through the connection 104. The symmetrical case is when the connection 120 reads the code 100, i.e., the content mum-656 in CD. The bistable member being actuated, the circuit 89 actuates 90 through 108 and consequently blocks the circuit 92. The discount input of CD is consequently inhibited through 105. The bistable member 90 is reset by the next clock pulse. The transfer circuits 88 and 89 are blocked when E] is true, which condition actuates a bistable member 115 which is reset, for unblocking 88 and 89 when the level of the connection from 93 comes true. It must be understood that, for a shift control operation which follows an ejection from the table TA, the bistable member 90 must not be actuated since the final address of the memory section is that of an index block and in this case, CD must take this block into account.
The circuits 71 which decide the optimum shift direction comprise a circuit 82 which detects the identity of the higher weight digits in F and CD, i.e. the identity of the contents of the parts F5 and CD5, and a processor circuit 81 the output of which is only of a true level when the content of the part F4 F0 of F is higher than the content of the part CD4 CDO of CD. The outputs of 81 and 82 are applied to the inputs of a circuit 121 the output of which is activated only when the outputs of 81 and 82 are both true". The output E] of Flgl. is applied to a NOT-circuit 83, the output signal is B]. When the output of 121 is true" and no ejection condition exists, the circuit 84 applies to the connection 87 through the OR-circuit 86 a signal which, through the transfer circuit 95, actuates the bistable member The connection 68, which is connected to the output ofa NOT-circuit 87 following the circuit 86, is brought to a false level which inhibits the actuation of the bistable member When on the other hand the outputs of 81 and 82 are at different levels, the same circuits activate the connection 86 which comes true and the direction of the shift will be the negative one. When an ejection occurs from the table TA, EF is true" and if (W is also true", the output of 85 comes true" which, through the OR-circuit 86, activates the connection 67 and controls a itive direction for the shift. When E1 is true" and CD2 is false",
the connection 68 will be activated and the shift will be made in a negative direction.
It has been described that a discrimination between the data blocks RBI and the index blocks RBR may be provided from the different values of the binary digit in their R position. Such a bit is of course carried through the connection 38. Said bit may be used when desired for inhibiting the action of the connections 104 and 105 on CD when it is an index block discriminating bit. In this respect, the wire, or line, in the connection 38 which carries such a R position bit will be connected to a circuit responsive to a value of the bit for operating such an inhibition of CD. Such an arrangement may be used either for re-inforcing the viability of the member 16 for "jumping over the index blocks or for plain substitution to the above-described circuit arrangement for jumping over such blocks.
The arrangement disclosed in F]G.7 is illustrative though not limitative per se. The conditions which must guide any reduction to practice of the circuit arrangement 16 in the conditions which have been recited with respect to FIG.1 may be stated as follows:
When the comparator COMP of FIG] issues an E0 signal, the initial address in F points to a data block RBI of the same memory section that the data block addressed in AI. The control of the shift in said memory section must be operated in the optimum direction as defined by the circuits such as those at 71 up to the appearance of a stop signal at the output of 80 which compares the fixed code in F to the code in CD which varies as the shift progresses (except for the passages of the index blocks if any).
When COMP issues a signal DIF, the initial address in F may be either of the xxxlOO type or of the xxx xxx type. The initial address in CD points to an index block RBR, as being of the xxx 100 type and the final address in CD will be such as to point to a data block RBI in F. When the initial address in F is a xxx 100 code, a single step shift must occur without a modification of the code in CD. When the initial address in F is not of this type, the operations must follow the same scheme as in the case when COMP issues an EC signal.
When the eject signal EJ appears, the final code in F points to an index block RBR and is of the 000 100 type. When the initial address code in CD is identical to the one in F, a negative single step shift must occur without any change in CD. Ifthe initial address code in CD is of the 000 xxx type, distinct from the code in F, a shift must be operated in a direction defined by the content of CD2, until the required index block RBR is reached in the memory section, CD must take the step enabling the obtention of the RBR block since the problem is to reach an index block while starting from a data block. The code configuration 000 in CD is arbitrarily provided as, in the concerned case, there is no possibility of a change of page or group of blocks during a shift operation.
It may be noticed that, in a DIF condition, the initial block always is of the RBR kind and the block which is finally reached by the shifi is of the RBI kind whereas, in an E6 condition, both the initial and final blocks are of the RBI kind and, in an E1 operation, the initial block is a RBI one and the final block is a RBR one. Consequently an index block can only be reached in an ejection condition. When it is estimated useful to reach an index block in a DIF or EG condition, additional shift step (s) must be provided after the memory section reached the RBI final block up to a position of a RBR block. This may be obtained from the programme of the system which may force an El signal to this respect on the input of the control circuit 16 through a gate arrangement unblocked at the stop signal of a shift operation from the comparator of FIG.7.
FIGS.8 and 9 show modifications of the memory sections and controls thereof. In these Figures a memory section comprises an externally looped memory section block register A and a linear shift register portion B, which is not looped and may consist of a few positions, for instance as many positions as are blocks in a page or a group when the part A is organized in pages or groups of blocks. A looped block shift register A is shown provided with an external loop connection from a read-out station PL to a re-write station C. The linear shift register B is shown physically related to A though of course it may be physically distinct and connected to A by means of external connections including the appropriate read-out and re-write stations.
In FIG.8, both registers A and B are such that the information therein can be moved in both directions, see the arrow D. In FIGS, on the other hand, the major part of A is such that its content can only be moved in one direction according to the arrow G though, near the station PL-PE, a part of A can be controlled for a two cirection shift. The length of said part may be that of a page in the illustrated examples of FIGS.8 and 9. The part of the overall memory section wherein the shifts may be made in the one or the other direction of circulation of the infonnation has a two-page length in FIG.9. In both FIGS.8 and 9, the total number of pages of the memory section structure is provided higher by one page to the number of pages which will be actually used for the information proper.
In FIG.8 as in FIGS, the memory section is shown in five distinct conditions, from a) to e). In condition a), the index block of page 0 registers with the station PL-PE which implies that the memory section is not indexed in the associative table. Each page comprises eight blocks RBI and one index block RBR in between the two pairs of four blocks in said page. It is assumed that the address in Al, FIG.1, requests an operation on block No.6 of page No.2 which must consequently be brought into repstration with the PL-PE station of the section.
Referring now to FIG.8, the first shift control is a half-page shift upwards, which brought the memory section in the condition b) and the second shift control is a circular or loop shift which brings the fore block of page 2 facing the PL-PE station, a condition shown at c). The next shift control is a downwards shift which brings the block No.6 of page No.2 in registration with the PL-PE station, a condition which is shown at d) and which is the position given by the block address in A] and which is now stored in the associative table TA. Any further call concerning page No.2 of this memory section will be quickly satisfied as obvious. When, later in the course of the programme, the memory section is abandoned, then, on the ejection of the address of said memory section from the associative table TA, the index block of page 2 will be brought, as described in relation to FIG.7, registering with the PL-PE station of the memory section, a condition which is shown at e) in FIG.8.
The hatched parts of the section in each one of the five conditions of operation indicate the parts of the section which are temporarily free of any information and index blocks.
in FIGS, a two-direction shift control can only be ensured within a height H covering one page of A and the one page height of B. As in F168, the PL-PE station is positioned facing the lowest position of a block in A or, if preferred, the highest position of a block in B. In the rest condition of the memory section, the index block of a page faces said station and the distinction between the conditions a) and 2) respectively of the memory sections shown in FlGS.8 and 9 lies in the fact that, in FlG.9, the page the index block of which is so positioned is separated from the next page of the section by a one-half page height. The initial condition of the memory section is shown at a) with the index block of page No.0 facing the PL-PE station. The first control ensures an upwards shift by one-half of a page, restricted to the part of the section wherein such an upwards shift is possible, of course, which brings the memory section in the condition shown at b Thereafter a permutative shift in the direction of the arrow G occurs which brought the lower block of page No.2 in registration with the PL-PE station, a condition shown at c). Then and without interruption of course in the actual control, an additional shift brings the block No.6 of page No.2 in due registration with the PL-PE station. Finally, when the memory section address is ejected from the associative table, the control is such that the index block of page No.2 is brought to face the PL-PE station of the section.
For controlling such arrangements as illustrated in F]GS.8 and 9, the control circuits of FlG.7 may be used provided a complementary organization ensures the preliminary step of driving upwards the page facing the PL-PE station by a height equal to one-half of the page (index block discounted as previously explained in such an upwards shift), which means a definite number of elementary steps in, for instance, the negative" direction, when the signal DlF comes true. Consequently for instance, the appearance of a signal DIF may simultaneously actuate the bistable member launch a counter of a number of clock pulses equal to one-half of the number of blocks in a page and temporarily inhibit the gates 95, 96 and 89 up to the return to zero of said counter.
It may be useful here to summarize a well-known method for controlling the operation of an associative table having a number K of line registers numbered from L, to L,,.,, the corresponding equipment being equally well-known per se: Each call, i.e. each fresh introduction of an address into AI produces through the operation of the control circuit 8 a translation of the contents of the line register 1 to the line register L, of the table, the suffix i being indicative of any and all values from to n, the value n being indicative of the rank of the register in the table which makes the signal EG come true. After such internal transfers are executed, the fresh content of Al is transferred within the line register L of the table. When DIF comes true, such transfers are also operated and the organization of the table decides the number n to be equal to (k-l). For each one of transfers from L to 1 the previous content of L,,., is ejected from the table and EJ turns true provided L,, was actually storing an address. No ejection occurs as long as L,,., does not store an address.
When it is decided that the associative table can have a number of line registers equal to the number of memory sections, the arrangement may be simplified in that no more ejection may occur. Simplification appears obvious since it consists of cancelling in the system, and specially in FIGSJ and 7, all connections and members which concerned the ejection problem existing when the table was of a restricted number of line registers. A further simplification is that, as it is no more imperative to have an associative search in the table as concerns the memory sections, parts 11 of the line registers can be omitted too and consequently the part of the arrangement relating to a comparison in or from the associative table of the addresses of the memory sections: the comparator COMP of FIG.1 and its related circuitry will then be omitted too. Factually, the table turns to a mere memory of as many line registers as are memory sections in the store and, when the line registers in the store memory TA, each line register only storing a block address 12-13, corresponds to the progression of the addresses of the memory section in (M), a plain and conventional decoder of the part 11 of any fresh address in AI will directly select the correspond ing line register in the table for application of its 12-13 content to the circuit arrangement 16 wherein it is compared to the content of the parts 2-3 of the Al register (registers F and CD and comparator in 16).
A further simplification may be made to the abovedescribed embodiments of the invention when the table is provided with as many line registers as are memory sections in the store (M): index block may be omitted and consequently the circuits provided for jumping over" such index blocks will be omitted in the circuits of FlG.7, as well as such connections as 38 in FIG.1. With such a simplified scheme, each memory section merely remains in its last called position which is a position then recorded in the table. It may be however considered as of advantage to preserve a single index block, as in present FlG.4 as a guarantee against a deterioration of the contents of the table and/or as a facility for initializing the storing of blocks in the sections.
Up to now, it has been considered in the above that any one-bit register member of the blocks and memory sections was of a staticised kind in that, once loaded with a bit value, it preserves said bit value during the intervals between actuation of the memory section of which it forms an element. The invention may however be used when such one-bit registers are of a volatile kind, i.e. when such bitregisters need to have their bit values systematically freshened when not actuated. It is usual in shift registers made of such volatile information one-bit elements to have the information pennanently circulate, a scheme which is obviously impossible to use in embodiments of a store system according to the invention. However, it is contemplated in the invention that the shifts may be made in both directions when the registers are actuated. From that remark, it appears that "volatile one-bit elements may be used for the reduction to practice of the invention, when desired, by providing a permanent to and fro movement of the information by one step (or a few steps) alternately in the forward" and backward directions when the concerned memory section is not involved in a read-in or a read-out operation. The shift control circuits of the memory sections are easily adapted to such a condition, said circuits being included in part 17 of FIGSJ and 7. Each one of said shift control circuits may be provided with a flip-flop receiving the clock pulses through an AND-gate blocked by the signal on 31, F101. One of the outputs of said flip-flop controls a one-step forward shift of the information in the memory section, the other output of said flip-flop controls a one-step backward shift of the information in said memory section. As long as the memory section is not concerned in a read-in or a read-out operation, said AND-gate is conducting and the alternate activations of the outputs of said flipflop controls an alternate change of condition of the memory section by driving the information thereof alternately one step forward and one step backward. When a signal on 31 blocks said AND-gate, this alternation of one-step shift is stopped for enabling the shift of information as determined by the comparison of the F and CD contents in circuit 16. In order to determine on which position, the backward one or the forward one is the true one when the memory section is called, signal 31 may be applied to the AND-gate only when the flip-flop is in a defined one of its positions. In this respect, for instance, this AND-gate is controlled by said signal through an upstream AND-gate receiving the signal from 31 and controlled from one of the outputs of the flip-flop. Another process may be used, comprising a readout of the condition of the flip-flop when stopped and, according to said condition, adding or not a lowest weight bit 1 value in CD.
The volatile bit storing elements may be found in the MOS technique as well as in the so-called "potential pit technique. Further, in each one of these techniques, it may be that a single one-digit storing member be of a non-amplifying kind. In such a case, as known, from place to place in a register made of such elements, it is usual to interpose a regenerative amplifier. For such a kind of registers, the alternate shift control may be of several steps so that, at each step, a regenerative amplifier is reached. This will not change the abovedescribed arrangement except that at each change of condition of the flip-flop such number of steps as necessary are controlled in each direction of the shift.
It may be too that each one-bit volatile" storing element be made of two successive cells. The above scheme is not changed except that the shifts controlled by said flip-flop may be of only a one-half step at each alternation.
It may be noted that, when the table is provided with as many line registers as are memory sections in the store (M) the information inputs of F lG.7 are: an input receiving the code read-out from part 2-3 of Al for loading F and an input receiving the code read-out from part 12-13 of a line register for loading CD.
What is claimed is:
1. For a programme-controlled information processing system operating on multi-bit data blocks, a large capacity random access like store, comprising:
a plurality of addressable memory sections each having simultaneously controllable shift registers equal in number to the number of bits in a data block to constitute a data block shift register of addressable block line positions and being individually controllable for a step-by-step operation in both directrons;
a memory request address code register, each address code therein comprising a memory section address code and a data block position address code;
a table for memorizing data block position address codes up to at most one data block position address code per memory section;
first and second data block position address code re gisters;
means responsive to the introduction of a fresh memory request addres code into said memory request address code register for transferring the data block position address code of said memory request to said first data block position address code register, transferring the data block position ad dress code of the location of the table corresponding to the addressed memory section of said fresh request to the said second data block position address code register and substituting at said location of the table the fresh data block position address code for the former one;
means detecting the sign of the difference between the codes in said first and second data block position address code registers;
means responsive to the output of said sign detecting means for conditioning an activation of a step-bystep rotation of the addressed memory section in the direction defined by said sign and for simultaneously controlling a step-by-step modification of the content of said second data block address posi tion register in a direction defined by said sign; and
means permanently comparing the contents of said first and second registers during said modification of content of said second register up to code equality and stopping the activation of the rotation in the addresses memory section and the modification of said content when such equality is detected.
2. A store according to claim 1, wherein at least one read-write station is associated with each memory section and wherein at least one index block is provided intervening between data blocks, recording a distinctive configuration code with respect to any data block configuration code, in each of the said memory sections, comprising the further combination of:
means detecting the position at said read-write station of the said index block and temporarily stopping the modification of the content of said second register at each such detection.
3. A store according to claim 1, wherein said table comprises as many data block position address code locations as there are memory sections and said table is addressable from a decoder of the memory section address code in said memory request address code register.
4. A store according to claim 1, wherein said table comprises as many data block position address code locations as there are memory sections and said table is associately addressable from the memory section address codes in said memory request address codes from said register.
5. A store according to claim 1, wherein said table comprises a restricted number of code locations with respect to the number of memory sections and is of the associative search type including a rejection arrangement of part of its content for accomodation of fresh content therein, comprising the further combination of:
means for detecting the position address of a data block on which an addressed memory is stopped;
comparator means comparing the memory section address code in a fresh memory request address code with the memory section address codes of the content of said table;
means responsive to a positive answer of said comparator means for enabling the said means transferring into the second data block position address code register the data block position address code from the memory section addressed location of said table; and
means responsive to a negative answer from said comparator means for introduction of the position address code from said detecting means into the second of said registers.
6. A store according to claim 5, further comprising:
means defining a predetermined position address code of a data block in the said memory sections;
registers are of the volatile bit storing type, said system further comprising:
means controlling a permanent to-and-fro shift of a small amplitude in any unaddressed memory section; and
means responsive to a memory section request in said memory request address code register for inhibiting the application of the output of said to-and-fro controlling means to the said addressed section.
i i i l
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 13, 1965
|Jun 11, 1968
|Honeywell Inc
|Information handling apparatus
|Apr 4, 1966
|Oct 7, 1969
|Ferranti Ltd
|Information storage devices using delay lines
|Jan 4, 1968
|Nov 24, 1970
|Walter Buromaschinen Gmbh
|Storage data shifting system
|Mar 19, 1970
|Dec 28, 1971
|Ncr Co
|Input and output circuitry
|Dec 31, 1969
|Mar 7, 1972
|Auxiliary storage apparatus
|Dec 31, 1969
|Apr 4, 1972
|Auxiliary storage apparatus with continuous data transfer
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 30, 1973
|Jul 16, 1974
|Us Navy
|High speed random access memory shift register
|Oct 12, 1976
|Jul 4, 1978
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Data stores and data storage system
|Jan 2, 1979
|Nov 25, 1980
|Honeywell Information Systems Inc.
|Data storage system
|Mar 24, 1980
|Jan 11, 1983
|International Business Machines Corp.
|Partial roll mode transfer for cyclic bulk memory
|Jul 19, 1989
|Apr 16, 1991
|Gorbatenko George G
|Memory spaced array
|Apr 28, 1995
|May 18, 1999
|Fujitsu Limited
|Product-sum device suitable for IIR and FIR operations
|Jun 7, 1975
|Dec 18, 1975
|Joseph N Tasso
|Speicher hoher kapazitaet fuer ein programmgesteuertes informationsverarbeitungssystem
|U.S. Classification
|711/206, 711/109
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
It really was that fun.
At least that's what everyone is saying about the street party hosted by Dr. Geoff Walburn & Rivertown Chiropractic. 401 East 2nd Street – Madison, IN 47250
Wait?! Dunk booths for your spine adjuster and physical therapist. That really happened.
Call their office if you think we're lying. (812) 273-4325 or check their Facebook page.
Plus music from Rusty Bladen, free food, a bounce house, office tours, and a FIRETRUCK.
There's always next year…

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Judge Hathorne Essay Research Paper The Salem
Judge Hathorne Essay, Research Paper
The Salem witch trials were one of the most infamous events to take place in early American history. Through the actions of two young girls and an overpowering magistrate, twenty people lost their lives that did not have to. Throughout the trials, more than one hundred people were accused of witchcraft and arrested. Almost all of the accused were unjustly prosecuted and sentenced, much of which was the fault of Judge John Hathorne. John Hathorne played a major role in the Salem witch trials, a ruthless role that ended the lives of twenty people. The story behind the Salem witch trials started on January 20, 1692. Nine year old Elizabeth Parris and eleven-year-old Abigail Williams began to show strange, abnormal behavior such as blasphemous screaming, convulsive seizures, trance-like states, and mysterious spells. Because of this strange behavior, the people of the town became suspicious as to what the cause might be. Around mid-February they concluded that the girls were under the influence of Satan. Reverend Samuel Parris, who attempted to remove Satan's influence on them, tried to help the girls. He conducted fasting and prayer sessions for them, among other things. Others tried too, including a man named John Indian who baked a witch cake made of the supposedly affected girls' urine and rye meal to help to expose the witches' identities. Finally, the girls named three women: Tituba, the Parris' Carib Indian slave; Sarah Good; and Sarah Osborne. All three women were soon arrested on February 29. Osborne and Good both refused to admit that they were witches, but Tituba admitted that she had seen the Devil before. Judges Hathorne and Corwin examined the three of them and Tituba admitted to practicing witchcraft. Soon afterwards, many of the townspeople testified that they saw strange related things occurring. Trials followed after over one hundred accusations and arrests were made, and. As a result of these trials, between June 10 and September 22, 1692, nineteen people were hung. (1) One of the primary instigators, Ann Putnam, confessed her fraud fourteen years later, at the age of twenty-six. She had her minister read the confession at Sunday service, saying: "It was a great delusion of Satan that deceived me in that sad time whereby I justly fear I have been instrumental to bring upon myself and this land the guilt of innocent blood." Unfortunately for those who lost their lives, the whole thing was a story, and never should have happened. Although Hathorne was not the instigator of the whole affair, he did, however, have a strong negative effect on the trials. One such example is that of Rebecca Nurse. Nurse had been accused and arrested on the belief that she was practicing witchcraft. The jury in her trial saw that she was innocent and granted her a reprieve. Hathorne, however, disagreed and refused to accept the verdict. He then went a step further and convinced the jury to change their verdict. (2) This is a perfect example of why he is known as Salem's "witch hanging judge" today. Acts like this can be attributed to his strong belief that the devil could use witches to destroy the purpose of the church and do harm to the people. Because of this belief, Hathorne took the complaints about supposed witches very seriously. As a justice of the peace, Hathorne would conduct initial examinations of these people, although he usually seemed to act more as a prosecutor than an impartial questioner.
Another account of his ruthlessness was exhibited in the trial of John Alden, a resident of Boston. Alden was accused of witchcraft by the young girls of Salem and brought to trial. When Alden approached them in court, the girls fainted and fell to the floor. Alden turned to Judge Hawthorne and said, "What's the reason you don't fall when I look at you?" Hawthorne could think of nothing and did not respond to the question, yet still imprisoned him. Alden was lucky, and escaped death three months later by escaping from jail, and fortunately he was never caught again. (2) The story of Giles Corey is another one that displays the atrocity of the witch trials. Corey was an eighty-year-old man executed for the crime of witchcraft on September 19, 1692. When asked what his plea was, Corey remained silent in court, refusing to plead either innocent or guilty. Many of his friends believed he did this because, by doing so under English law, he could leave his property to whomever he wanted, otherwise the sheriff would confiscate it. By remaining silent, Corey's sentence was to have heavy stones piled on his stomach until he gave a plea. (3) This is an act of extreme torture, and even though it was an English law, it should not have happened. His death was an act of protest- the most dramatic protest of all against the courts. If Hathorne had not been such a ruthless man, this would never have occurred. The cases of the hung witches suddenly began increasing in number until they were completely out of control. Not until Governor Phips stepped in did they cease. By this time, 134 people had been accused and imprisoned, and thirty-four were accused and in various jails awaiting trial when he released all prisoners. If Hathorne had been a reasonable man and not influenced his decisions with his personal opinions and beliefs, things would have been far different. Even his own family was ashamed of his actions. Nathaniel Hawthorne, great-grandson of John Hathorne, added a "w" to his last name as to not be associated with his grandfather. Hathorne went to the extremes with his involvement in the Salem witch trials, and many innocent people paid for it with their lives. Bibliography 1. Retrieved February 10, 1999 from the World Wide Web: http://www.salemweb.com/memorial/default.htm Dialogue based on the examination of Sarah Good by Judges Hathorne and Corwin, from The Salem Witchcraft Papers, Book II, p.355 2. Retrieved February 10, 1999 from the World Wide Web: http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/JOHNBERRY/d3494.htmSource: 'Salem Possessed, The Social Origins of Witchcraft', 1974, Paul Boyer & Stephen Nissenbaum, p 149, 200. 'A Genealogy of the Nurse Family for Five Generations', 1892, John D. Ames, p 96-100. 3. Retrieved February 10, 1999 from the World Wide Web: http://fillmore-west.montgomery-floyd.lib.va.us/compages/cechurch/coreyg.htm Source: The Salem Witchcraft Papers: Verbatim Transcripts of the Legal Documents of the Salem Witchcraft Outbreak of 169, Vols. I-III, transcribed in 1938 by Works Progress Administration under supervision of Archie N. Frost, Ed. by Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum, Da Capo Press, NY, 1977
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text:
I mean, c'mon, it's the public gosh-darned Internet... I'm not exactly going to be baring my soul here on a daily basis.
All the same, it's been far too long since an update. [For those actually tuning in, yes, I review logs and I can see you over there.]
So I'm in West Los Angeles for the moment - have been since around the 20th of April this year. Working hard on getting into a MicroLoft apartment in the downtown area.
Working on music near daily, except when "life on life's terms" gets in the way. Click on the now fixed "My Music" menu item and you can check it out.
I'm dealing with the Veteran's Administration, so starting school on October 5th... nope, that sure as sh*t didn't happen. It's not something I'm holding my breath over (uh, because I'd be long dead if I did) but I'm simply trusting that this is what the Universe has in store for me.
I have started looking at Open Mic opportunities in the Los Angeles area... both the "free mic" and "pay to play" slots, and if I've learned nothing else, it's that once I've gone through all of the work and searching and phone call verifications and such I should really build a website/application for musicians to utilize right here in El Lay, and then expand it to be actually USEFUL for other up and coming musicians as well. Most information I find googling around and diving deep through links turn out to be like, circa 2012 or the like. Many of the venues in the Santa Monica area, for example, don't even exist anymore according to Yelp, et. al.
I've had the pleasure of working with Veterans over the past three months in a professional development center where I assist them with housing searches, job searches, resume preparation, and even a few pro se/pro per legal filings to help them out with their criminal history and such. It's also a part of life that requires balance : between simply shaking my head apathetically when completely unrealistic expectations brush up against my lack of patience... I deal with a lot of folks who have never actually used a computer like... ever. I know a lot of type A geeks used to snicker at the thought back in the late 90's... but I really never considered what it might be like to take a 45-60 year old individual with ZERO experience from that zero to merely 5MPH on the Information Super Highway. It's a lot harder than it sounds; and you need a customer service oriented heart and compassion to be successful at it as well.
More important than a silly blog that very few people are reading, I presume it's probably time to start writing some letters to people in Missouri and Kansas who have a vested interest in what I'm up to.


text:
Le Hotel 12554 sleeps 7 people and is based in the ski resort of Aspen and Snowmass in the country of USA.
[show less]
Located in the East end of the Core, this three bedroom townhome is the ideal location when it comes to walking distance to the shops and restaurants!
All the Details:
3 Bedrooms, 3.5 Bathrooms
Sleeps 7
Location: East End Aspen
1,960 square feet
Two-car garage
Full kitchen
Air conditioned
Den with a day bed
Bedding: King, Queen, Twins
Quoted prices are subject to confirmation at the time of booking your chalet.


text: Septic arthritis of the elbow in a child due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a case reportHatakenaka, Terue; Uemura, Kazutaka; Itsubo, Toshiro; Hayashi, Masanori; Uchiyama, Shigeharu; Kato, HiroyukiJournal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B: May 2014 - Volume 23 - Issue 3 - p 285–287 doi: 10.1097/BPB.0000000000000016 Upper Limb Abstract Author Information We present a rare case of septic arthritis of the elbow in a child caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. In our patient, the 15-day delay before drainage may have led to the osteomyelitis of the capitulum and resulted in some persistent radiographic abnormalities. Although our patient has no subjective symptoms 5 years postoperatively, he has a slightly abnormal range of motion and gross lateral instability. Children with elbow pain and/or swelling with fever should be carefully examined for septic arthritis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa should always be kept in mind in such cases to avoid any delay in effective treatment. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan Correspondence to Terue Hatakenaka, MD, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan Tel: +81 263 37 2659; fax: +81 263 35 8844; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com © 2014 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.


text:
Perfect for social media campaigns and blogs. Web photos (up to .5 MP). 1 Seat.
Learn More
Build a high res library or promote your brand. Up to Large (2.5-4.5 MP). 5 Seats.
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Get more high res photos and more. Up to Large (2.5-4.5 MP). 25 Seats.
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no people, vertical, outdoors, day, vacations, leisure, table, reflection, directly above, sunglasses, wood, brown, lens, frames, round, body, spectacles, flesh, frame, anatomy, human body, circular
round sunglasses with brown frames and brown lens


text:
HAMPTON ROADS, Va. (WAVY) — Kroger will hold open interviews Wednesday for all military veterans and their family members.
Those interested in a position can apply at jobs.kroger.com and go to a store on Nov. 9 between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m. An appointment isn't necessary. Kroger offers "mobile apply" so job-seekers can submit applications through their smartphones or tablets.
This is the third and final one-day hiring event Kroger is hosting this year.
The company hired more than 11,496 new associates during its May 14 event, and more than 12,500 new associates during its Aug. 9 event.
Kroger hired more than 7,000 veterans in 2015, and has hired more than 35,000 veterans since 2009 as part of the "Honoring Our Heroes" program. The Honoring Our Heroes program, Mid-Atlantic region, which includes Hampton Roads, has raised more than $14 million since 2010 to help support USO programs.


text: Hello- I went for an initial interview for a Seasonal Driver position in a MA location. They told me to come back this coming Friday for a road test. It's been a while since I have driven a stick but I am not too concerned about that part. They also gave out a packet with a lot of information and said we would have to know a lot of it word for word. I am just wondering what I should expect and if I should memorize all of this stuff in the packet (Space and Visibility, 10 point commentary checklist) before I go for the road test?


text:
Shrimp, fresh tomato, and spinach with fettuccine pasta in garlic butter sauce – a delicious Italian pasta dish and a great way to use up a bunch of fresh tomatoes you might have sitting around in your kitchen.
In this recipe, the tomatoes are only slightly cooked, preserving their freshness and shape. Combined with garlic and butter sauce, spinach, and shrimp seasoned with paprika and crushed red pepper, this pasta dish became a favorite in my household and disappeared from the skillet pretty fast as everybody went for seconds. And, it's so easy to make!
First, you saute fresh shrimp in garlic, butter, and olive oil, until just pink on both sides (the shrimp will still be undercooked but it will continue cooking later). Sprinkle the shrimp generously with salt and paprika, as you're cooking it. The shrimp will smell and look so good, you will be tempted to eat half of it before even finishing up this recipe! 🙂 Don't be like me and resist the temptation!
Then, you add chopped fresh tomatoes and cooked spinach, together with more garlic and crushed red pepper. Mix everything well and remove from heat (while you cook the pasta). You don't want to overcook the shrimp and tomatoes – they will continue cooking in the next step.
When pasta is cooked, rinsed with cold water and drained, add pasta to the skillet, along with some lemon juice and more butter. Season with salt and red pepper flakes and heat the dish, constantly stirring, until shrimp is cooked through and all ingredients are heated through:
Right before serving, top with grated Parmesan cheese:
Follow Julia on Pinterest and Facebook to get more recipes and dinner ideas for your weekly meal planning!
- 1 pound fresh shrimp, uncooked, shelled and deveined
- 5 medium tomatoes, fresh, chopped into large cubes
- 1 cup cooked spinach
- 5 garlic cloves, minced
- 3 or 4 tablespoons butter
- 1 tablespoon olive oil
- 1/4 small lemon
- salt
- 1/2 teaspoon crushed red pepper (or more)
- paprika
- 10 oz fettuccine pasta
- 1/2 cup Parmesan cheese, grated, for serving
- Heat a large skillet on medium-high heat, add 1 tablespoon butter and 1 tablespoon olive oil until melted. Add fresh shrimp and half the minced garlic. Make sure shrimp is not crowded. Cook for 1 minute on one side until pink on that side. While it's cooking, generously sprinkle paprika and salt over uncooked side of the shrimp. Flip the shrimp over and cook for another 1 or 2 minutes until pink on the other side.
- To the skillet with shrimp, add chopped fresh tomatoes, cooked spinach, and remaining amount of minced garlic. Add 1/2 teaspoon crushed red pepper (or more). Mix everything well, remove from heat while you cook pasta.
- In the mean time cook pasta according to package instructions. Drain and rinse with cold water to prevent pasta from cooking and getting mushy.
- Add pasta to the skillet with shrimp and vegetables with 1 or 2 tablespoons of butter. Add freshly squeezed lemon juice (depending on the juiciness of your lemon, it could be 1/4 of small lemon or 1/2 lemon). Don't add too much lemon juice. Season with salt and more crushed red pepper. Warm it up on medium heat until shrimp is cooked through, and all ingredients are heated through.
- To serve, top with grated Parmesan cheese.


text:
Flame emoji, everywhere.
Cincinnati (via Cortland, OH)
Member since 07 February 2013 | Blog
Cortland, Warren, Youngstown, Cleveland, Chagrin Falls, Columbus, Oxford, Cincinnati
- SPORTS MOMENT: Mt Rushmore:
OSU vs. Wisconsin, Alabama, Oregon 2014
OSU vs. Michigan, 2006, 2016
Cavs vs. Warriors 2016
- COLLEGE FOOTBALL PLAYER: Mike Doss
- COLLEGE BASKETBALL PLAYER: Aaron Craft
- NFL TEAM: Browns
- NHL TEAM: Pens
- NBA TEAM: Cavs
- MLB TEAM: Indians
Recent Activity
As the 2016 college football season kicks off I'm reminded - as I am every year - we don't get to choose how many of these rides we get to enjoy.
That number is chosen for us. I'll take whatever I can get.
Amen, brother.
Been an avid reader since 2006 as a sophomore in college, I want to sincerely thank you guys. The writers, the site, and the community you've created have played a huge role in making it so much fun being a Buckeye.
Go Bucks
YES! This guy is still my all-time favorite buckeye (clearly).
The #15 for Bama is referencing the 15 national championships that the university recognizes, so it's their default number for things like this, helmet logos, etc.
I understand that no one is intending to directly compare the struggle of a game to the hell that is war, but I've always been uncomfortable describing a football game as a war. I'm sure it's useful in getting players into the right mindset for a game like this, but it seems to trivialize the actual horrors of war.
(I know, I know, my username has "Army" in it)
Don't worry, OSU only lost to Va Tech because they didn't play Stanford football.. We'll be fine.
On behalf of his army, we agree.
Meek Mill helped produce these headphones (http://hiphopwired.com/2013/09/03/meek-mill-speaks-on-special-edition-24k-monster-headphones-video/). Spence was probably just giving him a shoutout when he opened them up on Christmas.
11 from Ohio, 3 Texas, 2 Florida, 2 Georgia, California, Indiana, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina.
Long is the reach of this recruiting titan.


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Best Advice When Trying To Become An Environmentalist
June 10, 2016 by Edward Nelson
Filed under Legal
The state of our planet has become increasingly fragile in the past few decades that many countries around the world are aiming to help conserve precious natural resources. Plenty of ecologically conscious individuals are now joining a green revolution to help save the Earth from destruction. And if you happen to be sympathetic to this righteous cause, then here are some great tips on how you could become a fighter for the integrity of the environment.
Outside of your predisposition to loving all things related to the natural world, you must decide the kind of field you would like to specifically advocate for. Perhaps you would fit well by handling environmental management training or maybe getting around to wildlife conservation. Choose your passion wisely as this will be your guiding light in becoming an environmentalist.
Explore your full potential by harnessing your talents and putting them to good use. If, for example, you happen to be highly proficient in writing or producing videos, then you could utilize such skills to create public service announcements for ecological preservation groups. Think positively and showcase your abilities in a way that will help to save our world from ruin.
Stay abreast of the latest news or updates pertaining to environmental concerns so you may be part of the global conversation. The internet is a powerful resource to receive the information you need, so use it wisely to your advantage. Save videos or articles that pique your interest so you may use these pieces of data as reference points for your own research.
Strengthen your appreciation for nature by visiting conservation sites dedicated to the preservation of flora and fauna. Wildlife sanctuaries and designated natural parks are perfect places to really observe the beauty of our world in a pristine and unspoiled state. Seeing such wonders with your own eyes will definitely reinforce your resolve to supporting the cause.
Speaking of change, you must be a model example for others by consistently doing your role in maintaining the cleanliness of our surroundings. Be mindful of the fact that pollution is a significant menace that negates the purity of this planet. That being said, you should always clean up after yourself, and ensure that your trash is properly sorted, recycled, and disposed.
The recruitment of allies is not so difficult when you educate them in the right channels. You could easily make them aware of important issues by sharing concrete facts or data on your social media profiles. Once they see such details, the curious ones will be compelled to approach you for clarification, and then that is the time for you to seize the opportunity.
Take part in nonviolent environmental activism by staging protests towards businesses or corporations that employ unsafe practices that threaten the lives of humans through pollution. Bring such awareness to your community and your local government so your voices will be heard. The important thing here is to guarantee that your advocacy spreads to others.
The challenges you will encounter during this process are numerous, but these obstacles can be overcome when you know the ways to resolve them. Following the guidelines listed here ensures that your ecologically minded goals will be achieved. Above all, stay positive and open your mind to innovative ideas that could change the way we look at the world.
You can find a brief summary of the benefits you get when you complete environmental management training at http://smokeschool.net right now.


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On the night of November 28, 2016, the devastating fires in Sevierville County forced over 14,000 people from their homes, injured 191 people and 14 people died in the fire or related to the fire. The small vacation destination was devastated. More than 2,460 buildings were damaged or destroyed in the Chimney Tops #2 fire. While dollar amounts are not final, the damage costs are estimated in excess of $500M.
No one ever expects or prepares for a disaster of this magnitude and recovering seems impossible at the time it happens. Surprisingly, however, the IRS is one of the resources available to help those who suffered a loss such as this. While there are strict rules and guidelines, it is worth the effort to deduct losses incurred in a disaster and get some much-needed money for repair and recovery.
From the IRS.gov website, we present tips regarding deductions after such a disaster with some explanation to help you.
1. Loss must be a casualty loss
Losses that occur during defined disasters including fire, flood, tornados, earthquakes, hurricanes and even theft or vandalism are called casualty losses. It is a type of tax loss that occurs from a sudden, unusual or unexpected event. It is not a loss that occurs over time or from normal wear and tear. Losses due to issues including structural deterioration, termites or long-term water leakage are not considered casualty losses.
2. When to take the deduction
Usually, the loss must be taken as a deduction in the year it occurred, however, there is one exception to this rule. If the loss is from a federally declared disaster, you have the option of deducting for the tax year it occurred or filing an amended return for the calendar year in which it occurred. Filing for the calendar year may lower your tax for that year and result in a refund.
3. Calculating the amount of loss
The amount of loss is based on two numbers. First, the adjusted basis of the property before the loss. For purchased property, that is the amount paid for the property. Second, the decrease in Fair Market Value (FMV). FMV is the amount you could sell the property for after the loss. The decrease in FMV is the difference in the amount from immediately before the loss and immediately after the loss. The loss calculation is the adjusted basis minus the fair market value minus any insurance reimbursement as covered in the next section.
3. Loss must be covered by insurance
For insured property, a claim must be filed as soon as possible. If a claim is not filed, then you are ineligible to deduct the loss on your taxes. The expected or received amount of reimbursement must be deducted from the total loss before filing as well. This is the first of two reductions to the allowable amount. If the loss is fully covered by insurance, there is no allowable deduction.
4. IRS required reductions
The second reduction to the allowable deduction amount involves calculating your amount of loss as defined by the IRS and two limits. First, you can deduct only the amount of loss that exceeds 10% of your adjusted gross income for the year. Second, you must reduce your loss by subtracting an additional $100. Here is an example of how this works. Example: After insurance reimbursement from a fire, you paid an additional $6,000
Example: After insurance reimbursement from a fire, you paid an additional $6,000. Your adjusted gross income is $50,000. Ten percent of your AGI is $5,000. Calculate the deduction by subtracting $5,000 from $6,000 ($6,000-$5,000=$1,000). Then subtract the additional required $100.00 ($1,000 – $100 = $900) for the total allowable deduction of $900.
You must file Form 4684 – Casualties and thefts to calculate and report your loss. The deductible amount is then claimed on Schedule A – Itemized Deductions on your Federal Tax Return. It is important to note that claiming casualty losses often causes your return to beflagged for an audit so it is important that you have good records and documentation. You need documents that show you owned each of the items you are claiming such as receipts or deeds. You should have contracts with receipts that show the amount of any improvements to the property and you need to have documentation to substantiate the FMV you claim such as appraisals or insurance records. Remember too that the rules for business or income property are different from the rules for personal property.
Our hearts go out to the people of Gatlinburg who have suffered these losses. If you would like to help, there are several funds available including the My People Fund started by Dolly Parton; the East Tennessee Foundation's Sevier County Community Fund; the Gatlinburg Chamber of Commerce Gatlinburg Relief Fund and numerous personal GoFundMe accounts listed under Tennessee Fire Relief (note that these are all vetted and covered by the GoFundMe Guarantee).
If you have suffered a loss, need help or have questions about deducting losses from a disaster, Gallati Professional Services is in Knoxville. We can be reached by phone at 865-281-1461; via email at email@example.com or through our website.


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For now anyway… How could I pass up lights that twinkled??
Posts Tagged with lights
Lights are lit!
Christmas Lights
Lights are up
I don't know… I think I still might need a few more candy canes…
Yes… even more lights.
I got one of these lights for Christmas and I decided one was lonely… I have an attic space that I call my "sanctuary" where I can hide when necessary. These lights are a fun addition, and they add to the lights outside… an extra bonus!
Have a safe and happy New Year!! This might be the year that my girls stay up later than me! Ha! 😀
Christmas lights… Check!
I need more candy canes though, don't ya' think?! Dude said it was gaudy but I think he is just being grinchy! I love it! 🙂
Christmas flamingo
Phase one?
Woohoo! I took advantage of the nice sunny day and got our holiday lights up. I had forgotten that I bought a huge snowman last year! Yeah for me. 🙂 Although I got the lights up, I feel like some of the candy canes are not working great and I need to buy my one new addition for this year. Hmmmm …. just what should that be?! Guess I better go scope out the latest in Christmas lights to see what I should add. Of course once I add the new item I'll update you with "phase two" of lighting for project Holiday 2009!
I just love Christmas lights!!


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Photo Directory
This year, the 2017 Photo Directory is digital and brought to you by the NAHU Education Foundation. The NAHU Education Foundation helps consumers and communities access and afford high-quality healthcare through education programs, targeted contributions and user-friendly tools. Founded in 1980, the NAHU Education Foundation is a 501(c)(3) organization that has long been a critical resource for educating the public concerning critical healthcare and health insurance issues.
Convention photos are now available! Click here to view and purchase photos from our photographer James Tkatch.
Show Daily
Sunday Show Daily
Monday Show Daily
Tuesday Show Daily
Wednesday Show Daily
New Schedule Changes
- Learning Labs, including a new Medicare track, will be held on Sunday morning.
- Incoming Officer Forums (for Incoming Chapter Presidents & Professional Development Chairs, Legislative Chairs, HUPAC Chairs, and Media Chairs) will be held on Monday morning.
- Incoming Officer Forums (for Incoming Chapter Presidents, Chapter and Leadership Development, Membership and Retention Chairs, and Applying for Awards) will be held on Monday afternoon.
- Vision Speak will be held on Monday afternoon.
Your registration fee covers the following:
- Educational Programming — one general session & choose from 15 breakout sessions.
- Admission to The Marketplace — exclusive exhibit hall hours & more time to connect with businesses committed to supporting NAHU and helping you grow your business.
- Convention Meals — Sunday's Welcome Reception, Tuesday reception-style lunch, Gordon Memorial Award Dinner and the Awards Breakfast.
- Three days of learning and networking with your industry peers.
Keynote Speaker
Sunday General Session
Sunday afternoon's General Session will feature four-time Olympian, Ruben Gonzalez.
|A seemingly "ordinary guy," Ruben Gonzalez wasn't a gifted athlete. He didn't take up the sport of luge until he was 21. Against all odds, four years later he was competing in the Winter Olympics. At the age of 47 he was racing against 20- year-olds in the Vancouver Winter Olympics! Gonzalez speaks from Olympic experience. He teaches the personal effectiveness system he used to achieve success again and again in both the Olympics and in business. He is proof that ordinary people can achieve extraordinary things if they will follow a few simple steps.
Soaring Eagle Symposium
2017 Soaring Eagle and Golden Eagle LPRT qualifiers are invited to attend the Soaring Eagle Symposium on Saturday, June 24, at the Renaissance Orlando at SeaWorld in Orlando, FL. The day long programming covers a range of topics from Medicare and large group cost containment to a look at technology options as well as marketing opportunities. This information-filled day concludes with a networking reception for all attendees and speakers. You must pre-register to attend. (Soaring Eagle qualifiers are eligible to bring a guest for $150. )
Vanguard Council Social
Attend the Vanguard Council Social to learn about the Vanguard Council's initiatives, value and mingle with other thought leaders. The social will be held on Sunday, June 25, at 8 p.m. More details will be added shortly.
Vanguard Council Charity Walk/Run
The Vanguard Council Charity Walk/Run will be held on Monday, June 26, at 6 a.m. The charity we will be supporting this year is the Children's Dream Racer. Look at the event app during the convention for more details.
LPRT Event
LPRT qualifiers are invited!
This event will be held at Discovery Cove on Monday, June 26, from 7:30-10 p.m. Event is open to LPRT qualifiers. This is an 18 and older event.
Gordon Memorial Award Dinner
The Gordon Memorial Award Dinner (black tie optional), where NAHU recognizes the "insurance person of the year" will be held on Tuesday evening. You will not want to miss this special evening, so be sure to indicate during the online registration process if you plan to attend.
Cancellation Policy
There will be $50 processing fee per registered member for cancellations received by April 26th; a $75 processing fee per registered member for cancellations from April 27th to May 24th; and no refunds for cancellations received after May 25th. (NOTE: All cancellations must be in writing via email or fax; no telephone cancellations accepted. All refunds will be processed after the convention – within 30 days.)
Thank you to our generous sponsors!
Gold Sponsors
Crystal Sponsors
Bronze Sponsors


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So I've been playing around a little bit with rye whiskey lately. There was a dry spell leading up to my surgery and for some time afterwards, but once I was off pain medications, the CGP was relieved that I returned to my previous cocktail goddess status. I'd had a sip of a Manhattan at my neighbors' sometime over the holidays — and it struck me as something I'd like to perfect.
I went with rye whiskey as it's the traditional whiskey for a Manhattan. The typical Manhattan is a 2:1 ratio of rye to vermouth. I've even seen 3:1. I tried both and they were just too rye-heavy. Equal amounts of rye and vermouth were just too sweet. So I settled on the 3:2 ratio as being Just Right for me. The traditional method calls for putting the ice and liquids into a cocktail shaker, stirring about 50 times until the outside of the glass starts to frost, then straining into a martini glass and garnishing with a cherry. Again, a little too strong for me — I liked it on the rocks and sipped slowly.
I've been perfectly happy with Wild Turkey Rye and Martini Rossi sweet vermouth. Both are reasonably priced and easy to find. Turns out the CGP isn't too fond of Manhattans, which means I don't run out of ANY of the ingredients!
3 cubes of ice
2 stem-on maraschino cherries
3 – 4 dashes bitters
1 teaspoon juice from the cherry jar
2 tablespoons sweet vermouth
3 tablespoons rye whiskey
Place the ice in a rocks glass. Drop in the cherries. Dash the bitters onto the ice. Add the vermouth and rye. Stir about 15 times with a cocktail spoon. Let percolate a few minutes before you imbibe.


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I Have No Children and Regret It
Personal Stories, Advice, and Support 17 People
I Have One Big RegretI always wanted children and thought I'd have a tribe. That would have been fine. When I couldn't conceive I thought my ex and I would adopt. I didn't see a problem. He did....said he didn't want a child that wasn't "his". The FOOL. I thought I'd change...
frito414 56-60, F 11 Responses 1 Jun 5, 2009
VolunteerThere are so many little children out there who are hungry for someone, anyone to be nice to them. If you have no children, you can still have children. Volunteer - at the church, at the orphanage, a school, at an agency that takes care of children. Go play with...
levin60kitty 61-65 3 Responses 0 Feb 17, 2009
We Knew Up Front We Would Never Have Childrenbut it was still very hard on my wife even as kids when other had there babies and we knew we never would have one but we made sure there kids got what they need and were spoiled we were going to adopted but you had to be 21 then my wife was killed in vietnam
rickibrat2 61-65, M 0 Sep 23, 2011
I Waited Too LongI wanted a child and then when I was 34 and my husband and I had finally settled down (or so I thought) I went for my prenatal physical and found out I had diabetes instead...surprise. I had to get my blood sugars under control, the doctor said, before I could have a baby...
PrayerWhisperer 46-50, F 13 Responses 0 Mar 1, 2008
I Want a Baby.I am 29, I have a boyfriend, I have no children, I wouldn't say I regret it, because I haven't choosen not to have children, I just haven't been able to yet. I am still trying to get my boyfriend to want them to. I think/hope he will come around to the idea of having a baby.
PurpleUmbrella 31-35, F 0 Sep 30, 2007


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The surprising thing about the intense Congressional struggle over a modest bill to improve Medicare was how quickly it turned from a cliffhanger into a rout. President Bush's veto was easily overridden as Republicans in droves abandoned his misguided effort to help the insurance industry hold on to its large subsidies.
We hope this means that the next Congress will be emboldened to make more far-reaching reforms in Medicare to help keep the system solvent and able to provide high-quality care for older Americans.
The primary purpose of the bill, supported by both parties, was to forestall a 10.6 percent cut in payments to doctors that would otherwise be mandated under a longstanding funding formula. The cut could have led some doctors to opt out of the Medicare program, and many older Americans would have found it harder to find treatment.
The Democrats sensibly decided instead to find the savings with a moderate reduction in the 13 percent average subsidy lavished on private health plans that participate in Medicare. That was a red flag for Congressional Republicans who want private plans to dominate Medicare — and the primary reason for Mr. Bush's veto.
Two things turned that around. The American Medical Association used a vigorous advertising campaign against Republican senators who were blocking a vote on the bill, cowing them into retreat. And the ailing Senator Edward Kennedy made a dramatic appearance on the Senate floor to guarantee a Democratic victory, at which point Republicans started switching sides.
Not even an intense advertising and lobbying campaign — shades of "Harry and Louise" — by the insurance industry was able to stem the tide. The House overrode the president's veto by a thumping 383 to 41, with 153 Republicans defying the president. The Senate vote was a convincing 70 to 26, with 21 Republicans abandoning the White House.
The next Congress should build on this modest success and tackle more deep-seated reforms. It must find a permanent solution to the outdated formulas for reimbursing doctors; the current ones yield cuts so draconian that Congress must routinely scramble to find stopgap patches. And, for the sake of fiscal sanity and equity, Congress should do away with the unjustified subsidies that prop up Medicare's private plans.Continue reading the main story
This week's victory shows that with the right political strategy — and a sensible argument — Medicare reform is not only essential, it's also possible.Continue reading the main story


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Objects of desire
Every now and then I come across something so inspired, so cool and just so darn stylish that I can't help but gaze blankly at it, pupils slightly dilated, sort of blushing, a bit shy… you know what I mean. Of course I have my old favourites like the Dualit Toaster, the SMEG fridge, Global knives, the Buell XB9SX and of course my egg cubes, but the following objects of desire have recently become known to me and I feel a responsibility to laud them shamelessly here as achievements of design and perfection of form. In no particular order…
|Dedon Obelisk
This red dot design award winning company has created some impressively innovative pieces typical of the Scandinavian school of design, though Dedon is actually a German company. The Obelisk is a 5-part stackable table and chairs set which is a sort of Asterix and Obelix cumulative Lego-Jenga type design. I want one.
|Confederate F131 Hellcat Combat
Not since the likes of Buell has a motorcycle manufacturer, heck any manufacturer, created designs so at once nostalgic and cutting edge. The Hellcat is a triumph even over it's predecessor, the Wraith. For those able to stand it, see the website for images of their next concept, the Renovatio.
|Anglepoise Giant 1227 Lamp
This is genius and simplicity in one. Take an everyday desk lamp (simple) and scale it up 3 times in size (genius, or simple, or err, nevermind). The result is an imposing lamp resembling what the PIXAR logo lamp would look like if the 3D designers were allowed to smoke pot at work. This is a must for the new house.
|Eames Lounge Chair
This is really an old favourite, but a new love. The reputation of the Eames chair precedes its self. I can see myself reclined in its leathern embrace while a giant Anglepoise peers overhead.
|Perfex Salt & Pepper Mills
Some things can't be improved upon. I first came across the Perfex mill while browsing the shelves at Divertimenti, a cooking school and shop on Marylebone High Street. It was one of many, err, milling about on the shelf but for me it immediately stood out. Perfex, a family owned business, has been making this mill for over half a century in the town of Saint-Étienne, France and they've had it just right all along.
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Yellow Crochet Insert Halterneck Swimsuit
Was $43.00
Now $17.00 (60% off)
infuse a pop of colour into your summer style. we're obsessing over this bikini - featuring a crochet design and halterneck style. We're giving your holiday checklist the perfect piece.
Regular Fit
82% Polyamide 18% Elastane
Lining: 95% Polyester, 5% Elastane
Thalita wears a UK size 8 / EU size 36 / US size 4 and her height is 5'8"
please note: product is non-returnable without hygiene strip
Product number: L4225582
Hand Wash
You've already saved this to your wish list


text: My friends wii DVD drive is broken and I was wondering if the USB loader worked with a broken DVD drive? I remember that you needed the DVD drive still attachted but not sure if it matter if it needed to still read disk. Also I know there is a way to play the games off USB that use to require a disk in the drive (Aka metroid) without a disk in a drive. Was that fixed by a cios like rev12 or 13 or is it fixed in the new loaders? Thanks for your help


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Studio: Evasive Angles EntertainmentCWMH
Series: Big Butt All Stars
Disc Set: Big Butt All Stars - Nina Hartley
Approximate Running Time: 02:08:52
Released: 2008
Watch This Movie
Pay Per Minute Streaming Video
Own This Movie
Nina Hartley is one of the all time superstars of the adult biz. She started in the early 80's, her amazing big butt and her sensual way on-screen made her so great to watch! From the bay area where people live free, born in March of '59, which makes Nina a Pisces. We all know how much Pisces love to play! Ms. Hartley is a cool lady who likes wine and a fat joint to relax and help enjoy the day.
Categories: Compilations Porn Stars -> Modern Gonzo -> Mature Age -> Older Women Gonzo -> Interracial Interracial -> Caucasian Girls