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Step 5: Apply for Scholarships (High School Students)
Are there scholarships available to help me pay for courses I take as an Early College student?
There are two scholarship options for public, private, and charter high school Early College students: WSU Academic Scholarships (index based) and WSU Early College Need-Based Scholarships (private donor). View the Early College Scholarship Policy to check your eligibility.
To apply for WSU Academic Scholarships
Submit WSU's online Scholarship Application. This is accessed through the eWeber Student portal.
- Log into your student portal and search for the "Finaid and Scholarship Application" icon
- Check to make sure your application is for the correct Award Year
- Complete the required fields in Step 1- Select your graduation date, estimate your planned enrollment, indicate if you have applied for other financial assistance (leave the other boxes blank)
- Click "Sumbit Step 1" for selected year
- Go to Step 2 and click to complete the "Scholarship Application"
- Select the semester you plan to graduate from WSU
- Choose the number of credits you plan to complete each semester through Early College
- Scrool down to the "Short Essay" section
- Type "Early College" into the first box (leave the rest of these boxes blank)
- Click "Apply" to submit your application
To apply for Early College Need-Based Scholarships
In addition to applying for the Academic Scholariship,
- Submit the (FASFA) Free Application for Federal Student Aid (the FASFA is used to determine financial need only)
- Submit the Early College Need-Based Scholarship Application before the deadline: Early College Need-Based Scholarship Application (writable PDF).
- Fall Deadline - August 1
- Spring Deadline - December 15
How do I accept my Early College Scholarship?
- Log into eWeber. and search for the "Award Information" icon
- Click on "Accept/Review Award Offer by Aid Year"
- Select Aid Year
- Select the 4th tab over, Select award offer"; change from "Undecided" to "Accept"
- Click "Submit Decision"
For Need-Based Scholarships, please write a thank you letter to the donor and submit it to the Financial Aid Office. This requirement must be satisfied to accept the scholarship.
Can I use the New Century Scholarship to pay for Early College courses?
No. The New Century Scholarship is not awarded until after you have graduated from high school, at which point you would no longer be considered an Early College student.
Can out-of-state students be awarded Early College Scholarships?
No. Early College Scholarships can only be awarded to students who qualify for Utah residency for tuition purposes. Contact WSU's Admissions Office with questions about residency.
Updated: 03/09/16


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News headlines in this edition are:
- Dominican Treasures are promoted in Europe.
- The Puntacana Ecological Foundation is certified as Dominican Treasures.
- 3 Museums receive promotion materials.
Support us in Global Giving.
- Dominican Treasures – Whales.
- Faces and Names: Violeta Martínez.
Newsletter #5 Year: 2014.
News headlines in this edition are:
- Dominican Treasures participation in World Tourism Day.
- CCN includes Dominican Treasures in the Pride of my Land Guide.
- Dominican Treasures Promoted in Europe.
- CDCT presents Dominican Treasures contributions to Offer Diversification.
- Dominican Treasures participates in the World Ecotourism Fair and Discover Puerto Plata.
- Two National Journalism Awards obtained with products related to Dominican Treasures.
- Meet Dominican Treasures with the Smells and Taste of Organic Chocolate.
Newsletter #4 Year: 2014.
News headlines in this edition are:
- Dulcería Doña Benza is remodeled and certified as a Solidary Dominican Treasure.
- Dominican Treasures promoted in the "Andariego" TV show.
- Alliance with "The Greater New Orleans."
- Dominican Treasures Faces: D'Vieja English Bread.
- Meet Our Dominican Treasures: Mountain Dew.
Newsletter #3 Año: 2014.
We are pleased to present our Newsletter #3 on Dominican Treasures, with the following articles: Dominican Treasures is a Success Story, investment in equipment for Dominican Treasures, participation in fairs, and the section Meet the Dominican Treasures of Montecristi.
In future issues, we will present the version of Dominican Treasures Faces, where you will meet the entrepreneurs of these initiatives and the recent remodeling of Dulcería Doña Benza in Constanza.
Newsletter #2 Year: 2014.
News headlines in this edition are:
- Dominican Treasures among the 10 most important news in Dominican tourism.
- 52 nationwide projects receive Dominican Treasures certification.
- Press trips to Dominican Treasures.
- The Dominican Treasures of Constanza, Jarabacoa, Barahona and Pedernales.
- Courses and Trainings.
- Aventúrate 2014.
Newsletter #1 Year: 2014.
News headlines in this edition are:Promotion Platform Benefits.
- Collector's artisan pieces: Dominican Treasures Plaques.
- Projects who have benefited with the Dominican Treasures seal.
- Press tips for Dominican Treasures.
- Participation in fairs and events
- Courses and trainings.
- Aventúrate 2013.
This document was produced with the support of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms of the Cooperation Agreement No. AID-517-A-12-00001 implemented by the Association for Challenge Course Technology (CDCT). The content and the views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the opinions of USAID, or the Government of the United States of America.

subset: commoncrawl


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Today I am grateful for: Coffee. it doesn't matter how crazy the world seems, how much work there is to do, or how late it is in the day, coffee always makes me feel better.
Onto today. Busy day, lots to do. How did I ever have a day job with a schedule like this. I'm considering being independantly wealthy when I grow up. Oh, who am I kidding I like having a job. And, after I get back from my 12:30 spin class, job applying I will go. Tonight is my first class in the book writing course I'm taking. I like deadlines and figured taking a class would be the best way for me to actually make myself accountable to my goals. I'm also having all sorts of technical issues with my other blog Forkful of News, well not all sorts, but I'm sort of on a mission to figure out the case of the missing sidebar on my homepage (it shows up just fine on the individual posts, just not the homepage-so weird). I'm decent with CSS and formatting and such but this problem is beyond me and I've reached out to a few programmers and they have no clue either so that's driving me crazy and I'm going to work on that for the next few days. If anyone of you fellow bloggers have any clue, please let me know-I'm having nightmares about code.
In the meantime, I forgot to post dinner last night. I left pretty late from my parents house yesterday and got home even later and was way too sleepy to talk food. So without further adeau:
Dinner 2.2
Zitti with sausage and homemade sauce (It's not katchup I swear, it just doesn't photograph well)
Breakfast 2.3
Whole grain english muffin with apricot preserves
Coffee with lowfat milk and stevia


text: email@example.com writes: > > I hate to burst this festivity party mood thing going on here, but I > > think the new A4 is just enjoying what I call "new model phenomena" in > > which the car is sold in more-than-anticipated rate shorty after release. > > > ... not too sure about that last statement. I've read that Ford has had to > resort to massive incentives in two of their last new model introductions/ > refreshes. I'm speaking about the Contour/Mystique and Taurus/Sable. You > are correct in stating that time will tell, but the fact that a company that > is selling cars in the volume that Audi has of late is able to experience > such a "new model phenomina" does speak to the quality of the car. I'm won- > dering if it isn't the safety aspect ... I've seen a lot of press on the A4's > safety numbers. Not to mention the fact that the A4 is just such a gorgeously styled shape. It is refreshing to have such a clean form in the midst of overdone, curve-laden cars from other companies (The new Taurus is the epitome of such a genre). The A4 is not only done of good taste on the outside, it is equally well thought out inside. The dash design and seating are simply elagant. This is also in contrast to the garish "let's put as many curves and bulges as possible into the thing" school of thought found in most other new cars. I applaud Audi for exercising such good judgement and restraint in the A4's design. I think Audi's approach will withstand the test of time, and age far more gracefully than the other trendy cars. Previous Audis have all had this quality, and I don't think the A4 will be any different. -Ti -- /// Ti Kan Vorsprung durch Technik /// AMB Research Laboratories, Sunnyvale, CA. USA /// Internet: firstname.lastname@example.com ////// UUCP: ...!uunet!bazooka!ti /// URL: http://sunsite.unc.edu/~cddb/tikan/


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SSRA vp walishaajiri au?
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text: After having decided on the niche I want to enter it's now time to do my keyword research. To find out what keywords my potential competitors are using I did a search on Google for "dog food secrets" and looked at the source code. Besides of having the keyword in […] Read more »


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Category Archives: Scumbag Vick
Michael Vick had a bad year, let's hope 2012 is even worse
Before the 2011 season started the Philadelphia Eagles were favored to win the division. Not only did this self proclaimed "Dream Team" not accomplish this; they didn't even make the playoffs. To make things worse for Vick and company, their … Continue reading
Another scumbag company signs Vick, Vick goes against the players union
Michael Vick just signed an endorsement deal with Lutte Licensing Group, which makes Core Synergy's silicone wristbands. This is Vick's second endorsement deal since the 2010 NFL season ended. We're adding the Lutte Licensing Group to our list of scumbag … Continue reading
Lucky kids don't have Vick as a mentor
It's should be no surprise that Vick is back in the news today. Some of the headlines read: Michael Vick is giving the doubters a reason to doubt – Philadelphia Inquirer Michael Vick fails to show for charity event in … Continue reading
Michael Vick – The Gambler
If there is one thing that the National Football League hates it's gambling. They consistently lobby the government to restrict all forms of sports betting in the US. It's likely that the NFL is scared that sporting betting can corrupt … Continue reading
Michael Vick is still a scumbag
Thank you Mark Buehrle. You don't know it, but you are the inspiration behind this site. In February of 2011, after Michael Vick was reinstated into the NFL, had a terrific season and was named the NFL comeback player of … Continue reading


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14 Oct 2016
Residents at Buckingham Lodge enjoyed a gathering of local scarecrows in their garden on 30 September 2016.
Aylesbury's Mayor Cllr Barbara Russell joined residents at a scarecrow tea party today. Along with the residents of Buckingham Lodge care home, Cllr Russell judged the best scarecrow, all made by local organisations, and a trophy was awarded for the most imaginative scarecrow – after much deliberation it was won by the 4th Aylesbury Guides. Members of the local community were invited to come to visit our scarecrows and enjoy tea and cake with the mayor, residents and their families.
Resident Brenda said: "I am looking forward to seeing the scarecrows dressed up in bright colours and also enjoying tea with Aylesbury's mayor."
Julie Chanel, Customer Relations Manager at Anchor's Buckingham Lodge care home, said everyone had been really excited about the event. She said; "We organise a lot of different activities here as it's important for the residents' to stay active. This time we invited the community and local businesses to join us in celebrating the start of autumn with this scarecrow tea party."


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A to Z Theme - Circle of Hope:
A serial story (written in six-sentence segments) involving twenty-six women living in the small Midwest town of Cottonwood Creek, their lives connected by the Women's Circle of the town's protestant church, Hope Christian Fellowship, to which they all belong.
Lainey, 27, is a stay at home mom with two small children; she and Alyssa have been friends since high school.
When Alyssa talked with Erica, Erica noted how unhappy she was with the faded and worn satin stoles the choir members wear with their robes; she wanted them to look nice for Christmas, but said that there wasn't money in the church budget to order expensive new ones.
Alyssa had an idea that might cheer Erica up and help improve their relationship. Calling up Lainey, she asked if she still did sewing and if she might be willing to make stoles for the church choir at a lower price than what it would cost to order them. Lainey jumped at the chance to use her skills for the church, and to earn a little extra money for her Christmas shopping.
When Alyssa informed Erica that Lainey was willing to sew the stoles at a greatly reduced cost, Erica was delighted and totally surprised that someone would do something nice to help her, since she often felt like no one in the town liked her very much.


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Welcome to Rajasthan Tourism
Hawa Mahal, literally the Palace of Winds, was built in 1799 by the poet king Sawai Pratap Singh as a summer retreat for him and his family. It also served as a place where the ladies of the royal household could observe everyday life without being seen themselves. This unique five-storey structure is a blend of Hindu and Islamic architecture, and the exterior, with its small latticed windows (called jharokhas), resembles the crown of Lord Krishna. The windows also serve as an air-conditioner of sorts, blowing cool air throughout the palace, making it the perfect retreat during summers. Built from pink sandstone, the Hawa Mahal is Jaipur's iconic landmark and visitors can view its complete magnificence from outside, from across the road. However, it is also possible to climb right up to the top for a wonderful view from the windows. Today, the Mahal is maintained by the Archaeological Department of the Government of Rajasthan and also houses an archaeological museum in the courtyard.
To get to Hawa Mahal from anywhere in the city, one can hop on to local buses. Alternatively, one can take a taxi or an auto-rickshaw.
Sh. H. M. Gupta, ACP (Dy. Dir.)
For suggestions & feedback relating to website, please write to email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com or call 0141-5155112.
For any general queries or details, please mail us at email@example.com or call 91-141-5110598


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Hello Endeavourists and welcome to my weekly news (and sometimes not so new) round up of all things in the Morse universe. Let's get started.
Jack Bannon (Sam Thursday) on Twitter. @jactorbannon
Laurence Fox on Twitter and Instagram. @LozzaFox
For those who didn't notice I uploaded the BBC TV show Room 101 that had as a guest, Laurence Fox.
Dakota Blue Richards on Twitter and Instagram. @DakotaBlueR
Endeavour @EndeavourTV
Shaun Evans Only. @ShaunEvansOnly
TV Diary (for those in the UK)
ITV3 Sunday 5th March. 2.35pm Inspector Morse: Masonic Mysteries.
ITV3 Monday 6th March. 12:55am Inspector Morse: Repeat of above.
ITV3 Monday 6th March. 10:45am Inspector Morse: Who Killed Harry Field?
ITV Encore: Repeat of the John Thaw drama The Glass from 2001.
The Glass: Episode 1
Monday 6th March on ITV Encore from 12:00pm to 1:05pm
Drama series set in the tough world of sales. Jim Proctor, expert salesman and managing director of a successful double glazing business, announces at a staff meeting that he plans to retire as MD and hand over the running of the company to his nephew. He also plans to marry his long-term girlfriend, but confusion over each of their motives leads to misunderstandings. With John Thaw, Sarah Lancashire, Joe McFadden, Paul Jesson, Philip Bird, Julia St John, Gawn Grainger and Emily Joyce.
It is repeated daily all week but not Saturday and Sunday. The sixth and final episode is on Monday 13th March.
ITV3 Tuesday 7th March Midnight Inspector Morse: Repeat of Who Killed Harry Field.
ITV3 Tuesday 7th March 10:45am Inspector Morse: Greeks Bearing Gifts.
ITV3 Wednesday 8th March Midnight Inspector Morse: Promised Land.
ITV3 Wednesday 8th March 10:55am Inspector Morse: Dead on Time
ITV3 Wednesday 8th March 8pm Lewis: The Quality of Mercy.
ITV3 Thursday 9th March 10:50 Inspector Morse: Happy Families.
ITV3 Friday 10th March 10:50 Inspector Morse: Death of the Self.
ITV Encore 10th March 9pm Scott & Bailey. Series 3 Episode 3. Clare Holman (Dr. Laura Hobson) stars in this episode as Sarah Gallagher.
ITV3 Saturday 11th March 12:30am Inspector Morse: Promised Land.
Bid to save Barley Mow Auf Wiedersehen, Pet pub
Auf Wiedershen, Pet starred Kevin Whately.
Clare Holman stars in a new film Waiting for You which was shown at the Borderlines Film Festival yesterday the 3rd March 2017.
Borderlines Film Festival gives previews for audiences in Herefordshire, Shropshire and the Borders a chance to see great films before they go on general release. We are delighted to welcome Malvern Theatres into the festival fold and also draw your attention to a special weekend of films at Ludlow Assembly Rooms.
Waiting for You is a lyrical mystery drama, Charles Garrad's spellbinding feature debut stars Northern Irish actor Colin Morgan (Merlin, Testament of Youth) and one of French cinema's most celebrated performers, Fanny Ardant (The Woman Next Door). A coming-of-age story filmed on location in the south of France and urban England, it centres on a young man, Paul who – compelled by grief and curiosity – is keen to find out more about his late father's life. Visiting the mysterious, melancholic Madeleine, a musician, in her magnificently crumbling, secluded manor house, she reveals some disturbing secrets about both his father's past and his own.


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Regular price: $20.72
North Korea is like no other tyranny on Earth. Its citizens are told their home is the greatest nation in the world, and Big Brother is always watching....
A hilarious, heartwarming, and heartbreaking memoir by the chief wildlife ranger in the number one most popular family vacation destination in the USA, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park....
Robert E. Lee, one of the most famous figures in American history, vanished after his dramatic surrender....
The "first" Afghan War, the CIA's war in response to 9/11, was approved by President Bush and directed by the author, Robert Grenier, the CIA station chief in Islamabad....
Modern Man is a riveting biography of Le Corbusier - a man who invented new ways of building and thinking....
North Korea is like no other tyranny on Earth. Its citizens are told their home is the greatest nation in the world, and Big Brother is always watching....
A hilarious, heartwarming, and heartbreaking memoir by the chief wildlife ranger in the number one most popular family vacation destination in the USA, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park....
Robert E. Lee, one of the most famous figures in American history, vanished after his dramatic surrender....
The "first" Afghan War, the CIA's war in response to 9/11, was approved by President Bush and directed by the author, Robert Grenier, the CIA station chief in Islamabad....
Modern Man is a riveting biography of Le Corbusier - a man who invented new ways of building and thinking....
Most of us still live by the motto, "No pain, no gain." But this approach to life is actually a prescription for fear, frustration, and self-doubt....
This is not your typical Zen book. Brad Warner, a young punk who grew up to be a Zen master, spares no one....
Darlene Ortiz was with Ice T for 17 years, beginning with his early days and his subsequent rise to fame. Here she tells how hip hop started, with intimate glimpses into their daily life....
Candid, wise, and powerful, this memoir takes listeners on an unforgettable journey through war and allows them to witness bravery firsthand....
Limbaugh looks deeper into the scriptures and discovers that Jesus Christ's very being reveals itself in a close reading of the sacred texts....
Ethan, a digital sound engineer in Los Angeles, becomes aware that his life is unraveling when an audiobook reveals his deepest, darkest secrets....
In this exuberant novel, a thirtysomething-year-old woman embarks on a wilderness survival course and discovers that sometimes you have to leave things behind in order to find yourself....
What's a sweets-loving young boy growing up gay in North Carolina in the '80s supposed to think when he's diagnosed with type-1 diabetes? That God is punishing him, naturally....
A monumental, revealing narrative history about the legendary group of artists at the forefront of West Coast hip-hop: Eazy-E, Dr. Dre, Ice Cube, Snoop Dogg, and Tupac Shakur....
What's a private detective to do in a future where nothing is private? That's Ted Lomax's problem....
We have a lifetime's association with our bodies, but for many of us they remain uncharted territory....
As a boy he dreamed of being a spy undercover behind enemy lines. As a man he found himself undercover for God....
For readers or listeners of Sister Souljah's No Disrespect, Nathan McCall's Makes Me Wanna Holler, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, and Monster by Sanyika Shakur comes the definitive memoir from Ice-T, the acclaimed rapper and actor known for telling it like it is.
Ice-T offers his hip-hop generation's Horatio Alger story: the narrative of an orphaned child who, drawn inexorably into a harrowing life of crime, ultimately turns away from the streets and, through self-discipline and a single-minded work ethic, forges a path to international fame as a musician and film-and-television star.
Ice-T was born Tracy Marrow in New Jersey. As an only child whose parents died when he was very young, he became involved in Los Angeles gangs before spending four years in the army. He released a string of groundbreaking West Coast rap records and formed the thrash-metal band Body Count. He currently stars as Detective Fin Tutuola on Law & Order: SVU.
Would you listen to Ice again? Why?
Absolutely. He is brutally honest and writes with style and swagger. Also, while my husband never got in to crime (thank God!) there are so many similarities with them. When Ice says "I shouldn't have lived past 21" it really struck a chord with me. I remember at my husband's 10 year class reunion (32 years ago) people were telling him, "I thought you'd be dead by now!" Like Ice, my husband has swagger, the most important thing to my husband is his family, and he has worked hard for everything he's gotten - just like Ice. He even sort of resembles Ice! Several times throughout the book, I felt like Ice and my husband could be friends. I am encouraging my husband to listen to it also.
What did you like best about this story?
I love how he tells it all, no holds barred. He goes in to every aspect of where he started and how he got where he is.
Which character – as performed by Mirron Willis – was your favorite?
Ice T of course
Was there a moment in the book that particularly moved you?
Much of it moved me, I teared up several times. But I literally laughed out loud when he talks about confronting his son when the son came to Arizona for his visit on Spring Break. Without giving away WHAT they talked about, the way Ice tells it is hysterical.
I also admire how he talks about Sharon Osborne. Who would have ever thought (not knowing any of them personally) that someone like Ice would see Sharon in the perspective he does AND be willing to say it publicly. I really respect him after hearing his book.
Any additional comments?
Just a total sidebar. If you have a chance to share it with Ice, please do. I looked up on line Darlene Ortiz. Yes, a beautiful woman. But I was disgusted by all the negative comments people said about Coco on that particular website. Ice describes Coco as a "Human Jessica Rabbit". He says it with love and pride. Coco certainly isn't shaped like the average girl, but so what! She is ADORABLE. Ice loves her just as she is, so all the mean people should keep their comments to themselves. If they like how Darlene looks - she is gorgeous too - then say that. But leave Coco out of it. Coco and Ice are wonderful together and I hope they continue their lives together forever.
12 of 12 people found this review helpful
Wow! This is a really outstanding biography of a rapper/performed who had an incredibly interesting life. It was compelling, sad, exciting and very personal. I'm actually surprised about how personal the bio gets - he doesn't shy away from talk about his kids, ex-partners, etc. The reader is crisp and very appropriate to stand in for Ice. Highly recommended!
9 of 9 people found this review helpful
If you could sum up Ice in three words, what would they be?
He thinks big.
What was one of the most memorable moments of Ice?
The army story. This guy just didn't box himself into any corner or a fixed identity.
Which character – as performed by Mirron Willis – was your favorite?
Wasn't really that kind of book.
If you were to make a film of this book, what would the tag line be?
There is a winner born every minute.
Any additional comments?
I love a success story, a comeback kid, and lucky people. I too had to come up from under privileged and disadvantaged roots. Although I have never had a goal to be rich or famous, I have made my goals also. I understood a lot of what was said, and what wasn't said. The life he led and the choices he made, is a success story. And evidence that you can rise above it all. His story gives promise and hope to others. He has proven people can and do shape shift. It is an ability.
4 of 4 people found this review helpful
If you could sum up Ice in three words, what would they be?
A legends memoir
Who was your favorite character and why?
Tracy was my favorite in the book because he did what I think I would have at least tried to do in so many of those situations. He's a real dude and real recognize real.
What does Mirron Willis bring to the story that you wouldn't experience if you just read the book?
The feeling of being told a story firsthand. Most people enjoy being enthusiastically told a story rather than just reading it. It brings it to life.
If you were to make a film of this book, what would be the tag line be?
Cameleon Hustle! Because his hustle adapted when and as it was and continues to be demanded to.
Any additional comments?
A good listen. I appreciate the candor of the early years self image.
4 of 4 people found this review helpful
TRULY a great book on his life really not as much as a banger I thought he was but great story narrated sounded just like T and now the book got me hooked on Law and Order SUV Thanks T for sharing your life.
4 of 4 people found this review helpful
Though Ice-T is no stand out among the audiobook authors and narrators I gave his book a four star rating. His autobiography is written in a straight forward and sincere manner which makes you believe he is giving an honest assessment of his life and the conversational tone of the book adds to its authenticity. The book's gritty, x-rated street language can be hard to listen to, but, rather than being offensive it gives the story realism. Ice-T does not gloss over the violence of the criminal or gang aspects of his youth. He paints a vivid picture of the environment he spent many years in. He speaks of his parents, his band, his rapping, his acting and of his family life.
If you do not like the distinctive sound of Ice-T's voice or are offended by the 'f word' this book is not for you. If you want to learn more about Ice-T without being subjected to a Hollywood tell all book of sex and meanness than you will be glad you chose Ice's down to earth story. I was.
7 of 8 people found this review helpful
This is a great book about coming up in the streets and working hard to get where Ice is today. I have respect for this man and what he's done/doing with his life. Well worth the listen!
2 of 2 people found this review helpful
Would you listen to Ice again? Why?
Insight into Ice T. Interesting journey through life. Brutally honest about the good and the bad in life.
What did you like best about this story?
Inspirational. Overcoming challenges some self imposed, some by birth right and others by society.
What about Mirron Willis's performance did you like?
I would have preferred Ice T himself to narrate. Narrator was just OK.
Did you have an extreme reaction to this book? Did it make you laugh or cry?
It made me grateful not to have been born into a family that struggled. It made me happy to see Ice T's spirit and growth into an inspirational man.
Any additional comments?
Would love to see other books by Ice T.
2 of 2 people found this review helpful
Enjoyed the book for the most part. Of course one should expect "Ice T" to talk like "Ice T". Interesting life story, but i would've liked to hear more about his life TODAY towards the end. I believe it was eluded to but not really reflected upon. I think I heard his wife Co Co's name once?
Regardless definetly a story of triumph and overcoming the obstacles that life puts in your way.
Well read
2 of 2 people found this review helpful
Great book a lot of knowledge to take in from the hood to Hollywood he breaks it down his past to the present the narrator was good as well he read like he was just talking to you and not like he was reading a book
1 of 1 people found this review helpful


text:
How can I order a Norwegian keyboard
I would like to order a Norwegian wired numeric keyboard. How can I do that? I only see the option for a US one..
- Asked by Jenah J from Lacey
Apple Keyboard with Numeric Keypad
Product No Longer Available
No Answers have been submitted


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Sign up to keep track of your favourite spaces and revisit them later.
Investment opportunity (includes 3 years – May 1, 2014 to April 30, 2017 with an option to renew for a further 3 years at a negotiated rate). 10' x 12' grade level loading door. Fully sprinklered. 20' clear ceiling height in warehouse.
This strata unit offers easy access via River Road to Highways 99 and 91 providing excellent links to all areas of the Lower Mainland, Fraser Valley, and the US Border. This strata unit is strategically located in the Tilbury Industrial Park.


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Via Reuters:
Montana – Some 166 wolves were killed in Montana in that state's first hunting season since federal protection of the species was lifted last year, but its population still managed to grow by 15 percent in 2011, state wildlife officials said on Thursday.
After Congress removed most wolves in the Northern Rockies from the U.S. endangered species list, Montana established a quota of 220 wolves for a hunting season that began in September 2011 and was extended to February 15 of this year.
Not only did the final tally of wolves killed during the season fall short of the quota, it was more than offset by natural reproduction in the wolf population, according to figures released by Montana's Fish, Wildlife and Parks agency.


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To the Editor:
We read with great interest the recent article by Dr Iglseder et al1 dealing with sex differences in early carotid atherosclerosis in the metabolic syndrome. The results of their study demonstrated that extent of plaques and cariotid artery intima-media thickness parameters were significantly higher in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. In addition, it was demonstrated that in women, blood glucose and triglyceride levels showed the strongest association with intima-media thickness of the carotid artery, whereas in men high-density lipoprotein ranked first. The authors proposed that the effect of the metabolic syndrome on early atherosclerosis is more pronounced in women, and that the impact of the components of the metabolic syndrome on the carotid artery injury differs between men and women.
Evidence indicates that vascular endothelial function is markedly influenced by estrogen and is improved by hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.2 In an in vitro study presented earlier, we demonstrated that 17β-estradiol increased membrane fluidity (a reciprocal value of membrane microviscosity) of erythrocytes and improved the rigidity of cell membranes in postmenopausal women via a nitric oxide– and cGMP-dependent mechanism.3 In a separate series of experiments, we showed that hormone replacement therapy restored the membrane microviscosity in elderly women with a concomitant increase in plasma nitric oxide metabolite level.4 These findings suggest that because abnormalities in membrane microviscosity could cause a disturbance in the rheological behavior and the microcirculation, estrogen deficiency might be involved in the pathogenesis of vascular complications in elderly women. Recently, the role of estrogen in male physiology has also become evident, and normal physiological estrogen, which is converted from testosterone by aromatase, may confer cardiovascular benefits for elderly men.5 In this context, we speculate that changes in sex hormones might modify the course of cardiovascular diseases in both men and women. Iemolo et al6 demonstrated that women had greater carotid artery stenosis compared with men. Although the authors described that the majority of women in the population were in the postmenopausal state, we would like to know the endogenous sex hormone status in both men and women in the present study. Because insulin resistance might be strongly linked to estrogen concentration,7 further studies should be performed to assess more precisely the relationship between sex hormones and vascular complications in the metabolic syndrome.
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Iglseder B, Cip P, Malaimare L, Ladurner G, Paulweber B. The metabolic syndrome is a stronger risk factor for early carotid atherosclerosis in women than in men. Stroke. 2005; 36: 1212–1217.
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Higashi Y, Sanada M, Sasaki S, Nakagawa K, Goto C, Matsuura H, Ohama K, Chyayama K, Oshima T. Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on endothelial function in peripheral resistance arteries in normotensive and hypertensive postmenopausal women. Hypertension. 2001; 37: 651–657.
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Tsuda K, Kinoshita Y, Kimura K, Nishio I, Masuyama Y. Electron paramagnetic resonance investigation on modulatory effect of 17β-estradiol on membrane fluidity of erythrocytes in postmenopausal women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001; 21: 1306–1312.
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Tsuda K, Kinoshita-Shimamoto Y, Mabuchi Y, Nishio I. Hormone replacement therapy improves membrane fluidity of erythrocytes in postmenopausal women: an electron paramagnetic resonance investigation. Am J Hypertens. 2003; 16: 502–507.
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Iemolo F, Martiniuk A, Steinman DA, Spence JD. Sex differences in carotid plaque and stenosis. Stroke. 2004; 35: 477–481.
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Kalish GM, Barrett-Connor E, Laughlin GA, Gulanski BI. Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Intervention Trial. Association of endogenous sex hormones and insulin resistance among postmenopausal women: results from the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Intervention Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88: 1646–1652.
This Issue
Article Tools
- Sex Hormones and Carotid Atherosclerosis in the Metabolic SyndromeKazushi TsudaStroke. 2005;36:2528, originally published November 22, 2005https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000190033.63797.78
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No news should be good news (and we've all waited nearly six months). But not when it concerns the new bus station now reported in this week's Guardian to be due for completion a year late subject to planning permission.
Such is the pace of progress in the quagmire of local government planning; but the reality is freezing passengers for another two winters on Hardy Street. The planning application was due to be submitted in June this year but now looks like being late October if the paper shufflers in their nice air-conditioned offices get a move on.
We can now see the wisdom of certain members of the community who carry out a complete 'development' over a bank holiday weekend and then, when pushed submit a planning application.
So what's peculiar about Worksop? Mansfield got theirs in quick time, they just closed a carpark and built a bus station on it. There must be someone out there who can enlighten Guardian readers how long it took Retford to have their bus station up and running?
Tom Colohan
(via email)


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Gigantic monsters are attacking Earth. It's up Marvel's heroes to stop them.
Superman is about to face a new threat from outside the Multiverse.
Moon Knight has been dealing with the different personas he's created. Turns out it goes back to when he was a kid.
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Stories are an intrinsic part of our societies and cultures and influence all aspects of our life.
Traditionally, oral stories have been handed down from one generation to the next defining our values, desires, dreams and prejudices and telling tales of our myths, legends, fables, epic adventures and hero's.
Stories reflect the wisdom and knowledge of early people binding them to a common belief and heritage.
Historically, cave painting stories have been discovered in the Pyrenees Mountains in Southern France dating back to 15000 BC, North American Seneca legends tell of the "Origin of Stories" some 9000 years ago and then fast forward to about 700 BC to the first printed story "The Epic of Gilgamesh" carved on a stone pillar.
Aviation based mythological stories are abundant in all cultures preserved in cave drawings, stone and copper writings and visions.
Regardless of the medium, historical time or the message there is a common thread binding them all together.
They tell a Story.
It is our hope that you enjoy the Stories presented on these pages by the story tellers of today and our recent past.
A good story teller never lacks listeners
We encourage everyone who has a PBY Catalina / Canso story they would like to share to please contact us: secretary<at>pbycatalina.com


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This Westinghouse 3-Light Pendant will add light to your home while providing a traditional rustic accent. This fixture's cylindrical amber glass shade filters light evenly around the room. The chain, rectangular base, and finial have a handsome oil rubbed bronze finish. The pendant measures 19-1/8 in. x 15-5/8 in. (H x D) and comes with a 36 in. chain and 60 in. cord. This Westinghouse interior fixture is UL listed for safety. It is backed by a 5-year limited manufacturer's warranty against defects in materials and workmanship. Product reference number 66296.
California residents: see Proposition 65 information
- 3-light design provides ample illumination
- Uses 3 medium-base light bulbs, 60-Watt maximum
- UL listed for safety
- Adjustable chain allows you to customize length


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When I turned 30 I was 245 lbs, had soaring Cholesterol, and felt like crap.
A turning point for me was when I played some flag football at the annual company picnic. It was only 10 plays before I went to the sideline and was throwing up. That's when I realized I had to make a change. But to what?
Running hurt, basketball was to much impact. I ended up in the gym and on a borrowed mountain bike from my boss. Both things stuck, but I fell in love with the speed, skill and competitive environment around cycling. It was inspiring to see how long into life you could go and still be highly capable on the bike. I realized cycling wasn't something I'd "missed the boat" on, but I could dig in and chase after any number of challenges.
That was six years ago. Cycling has taken over my life by storm. I'm a co-owner in a local bike shop, founder of a cycling team, and have methodically made my way up through the USAC racing ranks in Road and Cyclocross to a Category 2 Level. As I continue to engage with cycling I love all that it has to offer from it's culture, the unique competitive edge it brings, and the endless challenges.
When I started JoetoProCycling.com it was to purely document the journey I was on as someone completely out of shape and never having been into cycling (beyond hitting ramps as a kid) - fully engaging with the competitive side. Throwing out the mistakes, goof ups, wins, tips, books I was reading, etc to help and maybe pump up anyone else that thought making that kind of change was possible.
As I've grown into the sport, and with my history in Sports Management, running sports camps, leagues, and Coaching High School Sports, I've decided to take JoetoPro to a much more hands-on level. I'm not only amping up what I share on the blog, but also providing Coaching and Personal Training to those looking to finally engage with a positive change to their health and weight.


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We are one week into September and temperatures are still up there even here in the mountains. Am I the only one nostalgic for true a true fall? I am really looking forward to changing colors, crisp cool air and cinnamon sprinkled over everything. While I can't control Mother Nature, I can get a head start on fall baking. Apple Pie is hand's down my favorite dessert. Apple Pie topped with sweet, salty & crunchy crumbs baked in mini pie plates – that's just mind blowing!
When we still lived in RI, Mitz & I were obsessed with these vegan apple crumb pie's that Whole Foods sold in their bakery section. Friend's dinner? We'll bring pie. Family gathering? We'll bring two pie's. Everybody we introduced the pie to loved it. It was delicious. When we moved to Colorado, I was 6 months pregnant. One week after the move, I told Mitz I wanted the pie. We set off to our local Whole Foods to find it – they didn't have it. Went to another one – nope, not there either. Went to another one – they don't make it.
It was blasphemy.
A year later, I still look at the bakery section of Whole Foods when I shop hoping apple crumb pie's would appear. A girl can only be disappointed to many times. So the other day, I dragged the baby to the market, picked up some apples and went in search of a pie plate. When I saw the mini pie plates at Home Goods, I geeked out! I love the cuteness of mini desserts. I found similar mini plates, albeit glass, on Amazon. When I got home, I put the baby for a nap and embarked on my very first pie since the first time my friend and I attempted one during Thanksgiving. We ended up with Apple Soup as my grandfather likes to tease.
Guys, the mini apple crumb pie's came out fantastic. No apple soup for you! So good that I ate two and a half mini pie's in less than 24 hours.
The filling itself is so simple and delicious to make. There should be no reason anyone ever buys pre-made apple filling. Ever. Though the insides are full of all the apple cinnamon-y yumminess that makes you feel all warm and tingly inside, the star of the show here are the crumbs. Because everything is better with crumbs. I do hear that there are people out there who don't like that kind of stuff (gasp!) so feel free to omit and cover with a regular crust instead.
They were also incredibly easy to make and veganize. I used ready made pie crust (the Pillsbury brand is vegan) which allowed for only 90 minutes between starting the recipe to shoving the pie into my face. One day I will get around to making my own crust and I will update this post accordingly.
Holiday's? Parties? School Bake Sale's? Bring this pie! You will not be disappointed and people will think you are Martha Stewart. If you have the self control I lack and want to store leftovers, you can do so but lightly covering it with foil. It'll keep in the fridge for a few days. The crumbles will toast up nicely again in a toaster oven.
You're welcome!
|Prep Time
|40 minutes
|Cook Time
|25 minutes
mini pies
- 5 Apples 2 Fuji, 1 Honey Crisp, 2 Granny Smith
- 1/4 cup all purpose flour
- 1/4 cup white sugar
- 1/4 cup brown sugar
- 1 Tbsp apple cider vinegar
- 2 Tbsp vegan butter melted
- 1 tsp cinnamon
- 1/4 tsp nutmeg
- 1 tsp vanilla exract
- 3/4 cups all purpose flour plus 2 Tbsp
- 1/2 cup brown sugar
- 3/4 cup chopped walnuts
- 1/2 cup rolled oats
- 1/2 tsp cinnamon
- 1 pinch nutmeg
- 3/4 cup vegan butter room temperature
Crumb Topping
- Preheat oven to 375 degrees.
- Prepare the pie crust. Divide the dough into four equal portions and roll out to cover each pie plate.
- Prepare the filling. Peel and core the apples (or leave the skin) and chop into pieces. Aim for similar sizes so they cook evenly. Then in a large bowl, toss with sugars, flour, apple cider vinegar, cinnamon, nutmeg, vanilla extract and melted butter. Set aside.
- In a separate bowl, prepare the crumb topping by combining the flour, sugar, oats, walnuts, spices & room temperature butter. Mix with your hands or a pastry cutter until well combined.
- Fill the plates with the apple filling. The apples collapse a little as they cook so be very generous with the apples. Top with crumbles until evenly coated. The more the merrier!
- Bake for 20-25 minutes or until the top is golden. If you find that the crumbs are cooking too fast before the time is up, place a piece of foil over the tops of the pie.
- Let it cool for 20 minutes before serving.
Recipe is also enough for one full 10" pie if you don't want to make mini's. Bake for 35-45 minutes depending on your oven.
Omit the walnuts to make it nut-free. It is still just as yummy!


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To adapt the physical health Patient Activation Measure (PAM) for use among people with mental health conditions (PAM-MH).
Data came from 3 studies among people with chronic mental health conditions and were combined in Rasch analyses.
The PAM-MH's psychometric properties equal those of the original 13-item PAM. Test-retest reliability and concurrent validity were good, and the PAM-MH showed sensitivity to change.
The PAM-MH appears to be a reliable and valid measure of patient activation among individuals with mental health problems. It appears to have potential for use in assessing change in activation.
Recommendations for improving the quality of physical and mental health services suggest changing from more paternalistic models of care to those that are person-centered and person-directed (Institute of Medicine, Committee on Crossing the Quality Chasm: Adaptation to Mental Health and Addictive Disorders & Board on Health Care Services, 2006; Institute of Medicine & Committee on Quality Health Care in America, 2001). Such models assume that individuals will actively participate in treatment, will manage their physical and mental health and symptoms, and will benefit from doing so. Individuals vary, however, in their interest, capacity, and skills for such participation, as do the training and support available to facilitate such participation (Von Korff M., Gruman & Schaefer, 1997). Thus, finding ways to measure and improve activation are becoming increasingly important as research shows that more activated individuals tend to have better health and functioning, report higher quality of life and tend to be more satisfied with their care (Hibbard, Mahoney, Stockard & Tusler, 2005; Hibbard, Mahoney, Stock & Tusler, 2007). Studies also indicate that activation predicts a range of important health-related practices, including self-management (e.g., medication adherence/monitoring, diet, exercise), disease prevention practices (e.g., screenings or immunizations), and health-information seeking (Hibbard, Stockard, Mahoney & Tusler, 2004). Additionally, when activation changes, health-related practices also change, and preliminary evidence suggests that interventions can increase activation (Alegria, Polo, Gao, Santana, Rothstein, Jimenez, Hunter, Mendieta, Oddo & Normand, 2008). Thus, clinically useful activation measures to assess individual differences in "activation" (requisite knowledge, skill, confidence, beliefs for managing personal health and care) are important in tailoring care and intervening when care needs change—e.g., a less-activated patient may need additional information and encouragement compared to one more activated.
The original 13-item Patient Activation Measure (PAM) is an interval-level, unidimensional Guttman-like measure that contains items measuring self-assessed knowledge about chronic conditions, beliefs about illness and medical care, and self-efficacy for self-care. The original PAM focused on physical conditions and was designed to measure activation as a broad construct.
To address the need for a similar, clinically relevant, activation measure for individuals with mental health conditions, we have modified and tested a mental health version of the PAM. Our measure, the PAM-Mental Health (PAM-MH), adapted the 13-item PAM to specifically assess mental-health-related activation. This paper evaluates the PAM-MH's psychometric properties among individuals with serious mental disorders, and includes a psychometric analysis using Rasch analysis. Rasch methodology provides advantages in measurement development because it allows use of ordinal items to create interval-level measures (Rasch, 1960; Wright & Masters, 1982; Wright & Stone, 1979). Our analyses also examine the PAM-MH's test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and sensitivity to change. We examined the pattern of correlations between the PAM-MH and concepts believed to be congruent with activation and those related to activation. We expected to see the strongest correlations with congruent concepts because they are measuring very similar concepts. The related concepts are likely to be influenced by other factors in addition to activation, thus we expected to see smaller correlations for these concepts than for those with congruent concepts. Based on previous findings from the original PAM, we hypothesized that increased activation would be associated with recovery from serious mental illness, better mental-health self-care, mental and physical health, and quality of life.
We piloted the PAM-MH in three studies, all reviewed and monitored by Kaiser Permanente Northwest's (KPNW) Institutional Review Board. Data were combined for Rasch analyses. The three studies, and their data contributions, are described below; Table 1 contains descriptive statistics for all studies. Participants received a complete study-specific description before giving written informed consent.
STARS, a longitudinal study of recovery among people with serious mental illness, collected in-depth interview and paper-and-pencil questionnaire data at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years. Participants were 177 KPNW members, 93 women (52.2%) and 85 men (47.8%), with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder [42.1%], bipolar disorder [47.8%] or affective psychosis [10.1%]). Data from the 1-year questionnaire (n=170) were used for Rasch modeling and tests of concurrent validity. Data from the 2-year questionnaire were used to test concurrent validity for the modular survey items (see below).
Study 2 piloted a consumer/counselor-led group recovery intervention in a large community mental health center. Participants were 7 men (23%) and 23 women (77%) (n=30), ranging in age from 24 to 73 years (mean age = 47.2 [sd = 11.9]). Overall, 48.2% were members of racial or ethnic minority groups and 51.8% were white. Post-traumatic stress disorder was the most frequently reported diagnosis (35.7%), followed by schizophrenia (21.4%), bipolar disorder (17.9%), depression (17.9%), and other disorders (7.1%). All socio-demographic characteristics and diagnoses were self-reported. The study's goal was to determine the best length for the Pathways to Recovery intervention, so no control condition was included. Data for the 13 items of the PAM-MH were collected at baseline and used for Rasch modeling.
Study 3 was a pilot randomized clinical trial of the Pathways to Recovery intervention described in Study 2. Participants (n=30) were randomized to intervention (n=12) or control conditions (n=18). The intervention group met weekly for 10 two-hour sessions. Data were collected at baseline and post-intervention follow-up (about 14 weeks post-baseline). Participants were recruited from KPNW and ranged in age from 25 to 64 years (mean age = 44.3 years [sd = 9.8]), 57% were women, and all but one reported white race/ethnicity. About two-thirds (63.3%) had a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis, with the remainder having bipolar disorder. Diagnoses were collected from health plan records and socio-demographics were collected by paper-and-pencil questionnaire. The PAM-MH was administered at baseline and follow-up. Data were used for the Rasch analysis, to evaluate test-retest reliability among control group participants, and to assess sensitivity to change over time in the intervention and control groups.
We adapted the existing PAM items so that they applied to mental health conditions. Figure 1 shows the adapted items; the original PAM items are available in Hibbard et al. (2005). The PAM-MH was included in longer paper-and-pencil questionnaires in all three studies. Total PAM-MH scores were computed if at least 10 items were completed. PAM-MH total was available for 98% of Study 1 and 100% of Study 2 and 3 participants.
We obtained age and gender from health plan records for studies 1 and 3, and self-report for Study 2. Education level was assessed by questionnaire and coded ordinally from grade school to some high school, high-school graduate or GED, some college or technical school, college graduate, and post-graduate. Participants were also asked their race/ethnicity and instructed to code all categories that applied (White, African-American, Native American/Alaska Native, Asian or Pacific Islander); all were asked about Hispanic ethnicity. We also asked participants about employment status and marital status.
We obtained primary mental health diagnosis from health plan records for studies 1 and 3. Study 2 participants self-reported primary mental health diagnoses.
The RAS (Corrigan, Giffort, Rashid, Leary & Okeke, 1999) is a relatively brief, easy-to-complete measure of recovery, developed for use with individuals who have serious mental illnesses. It produces an overall score that has good test-retest reliability (r = 0.88) and high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93). In addition to the overall score, five subscales measure willingness to ask for help, personal confidence and hope, goal and success orientation, symptom domination, and reliance on others.
Our primary measure of mental health symptoms in Study 1 was the Colorado Symptoms Inventory (CSI), a brief self-report measure of psychiatric symptom status (Shern, Wilson, Coen, Patrick, Foster, Bartsch & Demmler, 1994) that measures anxiety/depression, psychoticism, and dangerousness to self/others. The CSI has high internal consistency (alpha = .87) for consumer self-report and has been found to detect differences between severely mentally ill individuals who did and did not use emergency services, between outpatients and inpatients, and between those with serious functional impairments and those classified as "adapted."
We also used the SF-12 Mental Health, Role-Emotion, and Social Functioning subscales, which assess general mental health, emotional, and social functioning (Ware, Kosinski & Keller, 1995; Ware, Jr., Kosinski, Turner-Bowker & Gandek, 2002). The SF-12 is a short version of the SF-36 Health Inventory designed as a general indicator of health status for use in population-based surveys and health-policy evaluations. It can be used to assess health among individuals with widely ranging conditions/severities and is particularly useful for assessing the health status of individuals with multiple health conditions and for comparing the health of different populations (McDowell & Newell, 1996). Additionally, the SF-36 has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of perceived functioning and well-being among people with serious mental illnesses (Tunis, Croghan, Heilman, Johnstone & Obenchain, 1999). The SF-12 reproduces the eight SF-36 subscales with >90% accuracy.
The Centers for Substance Abuse Treatment and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration are developing a common set of performance measures for mental health and substance abuse services. These 10 items, called the Modular Survey, assess quality of care (Bartlett, Chalk, Manderscheid & Wattenberg, 2006) (see Table 2) rated on a 5-point scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree, with an option of "does not apply."
Measures of physical health in Study 1 included the SF-12 Physical Component Summary, SF-12 Physical Functioning, SF-12 Role Physical, SF-12 Bodily Pain, SF-12 General Health, and SF-12 Vitality subscale. Psychometric properties are described above.
We also asked Study 1 participants about their mental health self-care practices. Binary items included managing mental health symptoms by getting the right amount of sleep, eating right, listening to music, meditating, and managing symptoms with self-injury.
In Study 1, we measured quality of life using the Wisconsin Quality of Life Index (W-QLI) (Becker, Diamond & Sainfort, 1993). W-QLI scales are importance-weighted; the general life satisfaction subscale, used here, assesses satisfaction with neighborhood, housing, food, clothing, transportation, sex life, personal safety, and how time is spent during the day. The W-QLI was developed for paper-and-pencil use with severely mentally ill individuals. It measures fairly-independent preference-weighted quality-of-life dimensions, each of which has objective and subjective components (Becker, 1998; Diamond & Becker, 1999). Test-retest reliability is good, with percentage agreements from 82% to 87% across domains. Psychometric properties were examined in a Canadian version that adapted background information for applicability in Canada; test-retest reliability was good, with a correlation of .74 for general life satisfaction level. The correlation with Spitzer's quality of life index (Spitzer, Dobson, Hall, Chesterman, Levi, Shepherd, Battista & Catchlove, 1981) was also good (r = .72).
In Study 1, we also asked participants to report how frequently they took their psychiatric medications as prescribed, how well psychiatric medications helped control their symptoms, and how satisfied they were with their psychiatric medications (from very dissatisfied to very satisfied on a 7-point scale).
We used Rasch Analysis to examine the psychometric characteristics of the PAM-MH. The original PAM has a calibrated scale range from 39–53 (on a theoretical 0–100 point scale), while the adapted PAM-MH has a range from 39–59. Thus, the PAM-MH has a slightly larger difficulty range than the PAM. In addition, all of the infit and outfit statistics for the 13-item PAM-MH are well within the 0.5–1.5 acceptable range, with infit and outfit scores very similar to the original. Finally, the PAM-MH person-reliability and the item-reliability scores compare favorably with the original 13-item PAM. Person-item reliability for the PAM-MH is .84 (original PAM = .82), and item reliability is .97 (original PAM = .99). Thus, the adapted PAM-MH appears to have psychometric properties as strong as the original 13-item PAM.
Table 1 presents socio-demographic characteristics of participants in the three studies and mean PAM-MH scores. Bivariate analyses assessing the relationship between Study 1 socio-demographic characteristics and PAM-MH scores showed only one significant correlation—between working or being a student and PAM-MH (r =.19, p < .05)
We assessed test-retest reliability with data from Study 3 control group participants (n = 18), who received only usual care. The mean interval between administrations was about 14 weeks. Because they received no intervention, we did not expect to see a change in activation across the 14-week period for the control group. Test-retest reliability was good (Pearson's r = .74).
Table 2 presents Study-1-based correlations between the PAM-MH and two sets of measures used to examine concurrent validity. We classified variables as either Congruent Concepts (those closest to measures of activation) or Related Concepts (those we expected would be related to activation, but not as strongly because they are influenced by other factors). Rows are sorted, within subgroups, by strength of the relationship.
We hypothesized that greater activation would be most strongly associated with greater recovery and less strongly associated with better mental health self-care, medication satisfaction, mental health, physical health, and quality of life. As expected, the strongest relationships were with Recovery Assessment Scores (r = .63 for overall RAS score), with scores on subscales closely tied to activation (Willingness to Ask for Help, Personal Confidence and Hope, and Goal and Success Oriented) the highest (r = .51 to r = .55), and with those less clearly tied to activation (Symptom Domination, Reliance on Others) having weaker relationships (r = .38 to r = .43).
As expected, quality of mental health care was more moderately associated with activation than recovery. Notably, relationships were seen between the PAM-MH and clinicians explaining things in ways the patient understands, being involved in developing treatment goals, clinician sensitivity to cultural background, and receiving information about available services and consumer rights (r = .32 to r =.46).
Several mental health self-care practices also showed relationships with the PAM-MH. Individuals with higher activation were more likely to manage mental health symptoms by getting the right amount of sleep, listening to music, meditating, and eating right, and less likely to manage symptoms by self-injury. In addition, greater activation was associated with better adherence to psychiatric medications, better symptom control, and greater satisfaction with medications.
Finally, higher activation was also associated with fewer mental health symptoms on the CSI (r = −.34) and better mental and physical health across all SF-12 subscales (r =.21 to r = .34). Similarly, greater activation was associated with better general life satisfaction (r =.30). As expected, these associations were weaker than associations with congruent concepts.
We assessed sensitivity to change in Study 3, comparing change across time in PAM-MH for intervention and control groups. If the intervention was effective and the PAM-MH was sensitive to change, we expected a greater change in the intervention than control group. The mean PAM-MH score at baseline for the intervention group1 was 65.09 (sd = 13.08), which increased to 72.84. The mean PAM-MH score at baseline for the control group was 58.49 (sd = 11.17), which increased to 61.71. The effect size for change over time in the intervention group (d = 0.74) was substantially greater than in the control group (d = 0.29).
Our results suggest that the PAM-MH is a valid and reliable measure of activation among individuals with mental health problems, with psychometric properties equal to the original 13-item PAM. Our results are consistent with findings examining activation for medical conditions: we found that greater activation was related to higher levels of recovery, better quality mental health care, better physical and mental health, and fewer mental health symptoms. In addition, more activated individuals engaged in better mental health self-care, were more likely to take psychiatric medications as prescribed and reported greater satisfaction and symptom control from their psychiatric medications. More activated respondents also reported better quality of life.
Another important result was that, in general, socio-demographic measures were not related to activation. This pattern of findings indicates that factors amenable to change are more closely related to activation than are more stable personal characteristics or traits that either cannot be changed or are more difficult to change. Perhaps most significant, activation was strongly related to recovery across several dimensions. Such findings, in combination with indications that the PAM-MH is sensitive to change and associated with better quality mental health care, suggest the possibility that efforts to enhance activation and improve care quality may also facilitate recovery from serious mental illness. More research is needed, however, to assess these linkages.
Our findings are limited to people with more serious mental conditions; additional analyses are needed to explore the PAM-MH's use among individuals with less serious problems. In addition, although we included several samples to increase the generalizability of our findings, the total sample size remains relatively limited and additional research should explore the PAM-MH in broader populations.
The PAM-MH appears to be a reliable and valid measure of patient activation among individuals with serious mental health problems. More activated individuals were more likely to score higher on measures of recovery, adhere to psychiatric medication directions, be satisfied with medications and their effectiveness, engage in better mental health self-care, have better mental and physical health, and better quality-of-life. They were also more likely to have received better quality mental health care. These findings mirror those found with the original PAM and suggest that the PAM-Mental Health is a valid measure for use with populations with mental health diagnoses. These results, combined with lack of associations with stable socio-demographic factors, also suggest that activation related to mental health is amenable to change. Results showing that the PAM-MH is sensitive to change suggest that the PAM-MH could be a useful instrument for measuring change in activation.
This work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH062321, Recoveries from Severe Mental Illness), Kaiser Foundation Hospitals Community Benefit Initiative, and Portland State University.
1n=10 for intervention group (2 were missing at follow-up); n=18 for the control group.
Carla A. Green, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest.
Nancy A. Perrin, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest.
Michael R. Polen, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest.
Michael C. Leo, Oregon Health and Science University.
Judith H. Hibbard, Dept. of Planning, Public Policy & Management, University of Oregon.
Martin Tusler, Dept. of Planning, Public Policy & Management, University of Oregon.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Start: May 1 2013 7:30 pm 2012 One Book, One San Diego author of Sky of Red Poppies, Zohreh Ghahremani returns to Warwick's on Wednesday, May 1st at 7:30pm to discuss and sign her newest novel The Moon Daughter. Rana is certain that her third child will be a boy. She has two daughters, yet a […]Read More
THE MOON DAUGHTER: Launch Party for Zoe
May 1, 2013 | Posted by admin


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What are your symptoms so far?
Hi Ladies!
I've been curious as to what all of your symptoms are?
I have all kinds of strange lower abdominal cramps, that last ALL day, like pulling, pinching, throbbing, you name it, I got it!
My legs also feel a little sore.
I'm EXHAUSTED! Went home and ate dinner, fell asleep at 7PM!
My lower back is sore, sore, sore!
& :tmi: bb's are getting more and more sore every day, even though they seem more sore at night.
I'm also VERY moody.
I get mad over absolutely anything!
I just want to see what we're all experiencing!
Re: What are your symptoms so far?
I have almost exactly the same symptoms! Is this your first pregnancy? I was worried about the lower abdominal & back pain but the doc last night said that's all pretty normal as the body is stretching to allow the uterus & baby to grow :)
Re: What are your symptoms so far?
I have no symptoms other than some slight cramping and was nauseaous yesterday. With both of my previous pregnancies I had zero symptoms so this will be new to me if I end up with morning sickness.
Re: What are your symptoms so far?
I'm not having to many. I've had mild cramping, on and off throughout the day. When I woke up this morning, I was really dizzy/nauseous but it went away when I ate. And now I'm just hungry and sleepy ha ha!
Re: What are your symptoms so far?
Nothing really yet. I've had to wake up to pee a few times which tipped me off. And I wanted to throw a grocery cart at someone in Wal-Mart the other day (apparantly the killer rage hormone gets dumped on me during pregnancy). But as for tired, dizzy, stomach, etc. I haven't experianced it yet. Symptoms haven't started up for me until 6 weeks in the past. We'll see how this pregnancy goes.
Re: What are your symptoms so far?
My boobs are super sore, my back hurts, I have the mild cramping too and I am so tired that I could sleep ALL DAY!
Re: What are your symptoms so far?
The symptoms just hit me yesterday, which is actually early for me- I didn't have any symptoms with my dd until 6-8 weeks. Anyways, I am EXHAUSTED, nauseous, and moody. Overall just blah.
Re: What are your symptoms so far?
My big one is being tired..I'm in bed at 8:30 at night ready to pass out. My bbs are somewhat tender and I have some crampiness every now and again.
Re: What are your symptoms so far?
I have sore bbs, tired, cramps, sore back, nauseous, dizzy at times, tired all the time.
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Indigo 1 22:39 03 Feb 2004
Hello, I think you might need to check the size of file you are trying to print.
Pictures are notoriously huge compared to ordinary text files and can cause blockages.
Printer settings will need to be adjusted for pictures, make sure you have selected the correct media type ie plain or glossy paper too.


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Have you seen Year 2's role play area? It's a super igloo! They are thinking about cold places. I had ordered some snow for today's Forest School afternoon, but it wasn't quite cold enough so we just had rain! Oh we did get wet … and muddy!
We started off by thinking how things in our woods change as the weather gets colder, and set off looking for things which we thought looked different since it started to get cold. We found lots of leaves – can you think how they look different to what they looked like in the summer?
Afterwards we worked in groups to make shelters to protect us from the cold and rain. The children thought of different ideas of how to make their dens, and I think I saw some of the best collaboration I have seen during Forest School activities. Well done Year 2! The children really persevered and they really had to because of the weather. The children were really absorbed and were sharing ideas with each other about the best way to make their shelters.
I gave the children a choice when we had finished the dens, we could get a little warmer by going back up to class or by having a fire and hot pop.
Which do you think they chose?
Here is Year 2s blog about this afternoon


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C.J.S. Hayward → Library → Toastmasters Speeches
- The ice breaker: Why such harassment? (short)
- If someone said, "I wish I were gifted enough that people would start harassing me," the response may be "Huh?"
But that doesn't make the experience any less real.
- Organize your speech: iPhones and spirituality (short)
- Texting while driving is dangerous; we've learned that texting is a strong enough technological drug not to mix with driving. But there are other lessons in life besides "Hang up and drive!" This is especially true with the technological drug of the iPhone.
- Get to the Point: Humor Delivers Pain (short)
- People see humor as joyful, but take away a joke's pain and what's left isn't funny. As Mark Twain the humor wrote, "The secret source of humor itself is not joy but sorrow. There is no humor in Heaven."Orthodoxy would agree.