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The objectives of this study were to determine whether recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) can be used as the sole stimulator of osteogenesis with success equal to an autologous graft in posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF) at the same level and to describe the progress until bone union. This study included 11 patients who underwent PLF of L4-5. On the right side, only rhBMP-2, for which polylactic/glycolic acid (PLGA) was used as a carrier, was used, whereas, on the left side, autogenous bone was used. The bone union rate was 73 and 82% at 12 and 24 months after surgery, respectively, on the right BMP side, while the rate on the autogenous bone side was 91%. There was no statistically significant difference in the bone union rate. rhBMP-2 can be used as the sole source of osteogenesis with success equivalent to an autologous graft of the PLF.
L'objectif de cette étude est de déterminer si la BMP humaine recombinante rhBMP-2 peut être utilisée comme le seul stimulateur de l'ostéogénèse avec un résultat équivalent à une autogreffe lors des fusions postéro-latérales lombaires. Méthode : 11 patients ayant bénéficié d'une greffe postéro-latérale de L4 – L5 ont été inclus dans cette étude. Du côté droit a été mis en place uniquement de la BMP recombinante avec comme support le PLGA et du côté gauche une auto-greffe osseuse. Résultat : le taux de fusion a été respectivement de 73% et de 82% à 12 et 24 mois du côté BMP alors que du côté de la greffe, le taux de fusion est de 91%. Il n'y a pas de différence significative entre ces deux méthodes. En conclusion : la BMP recombinante rhBMP-2 peut être utilisée comme seule source d'ostéogénèse avec un succès à peu près équivalent à celui de l'autogreffe.
Recently, posterolateral lumbar fusion has been performed for lumbar spinal disorders, including discogenic pain, degenerative spondylolisthesis, large intervertebral disc herniation and unstable stenosis. However, spinal fusion has two potential problems. One is pseudoarthrosis, which occurs at a rate of 5–35% after spinal fusion using autogenous bone grafts [6, 11, 20]. In addition, donor site problems occur in approximately 25% of cases after autogenous bone grafts from the iliac crest [1, 2]. A variety of procedures have been developed to increase the bone union rate and reduce complications [3, 10, 13, 21]; unfortunately, no procedure has been developed to replace autogenous bone grafts in posterolateral spinal fusion.
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a possible substitute for autogenous bone grafts. In 1965, Urist et al. discovered the extracellular matrix of bone that can induce new bone [22]. Later, this matrix was named bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). In 1988, BMPs were isolated, cloned and sequenced for the first time [24]. Rodents, canines, sheep and rhesus monkeys were used as models in studies of these proteins. Recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and recombinant human BMP-7 were reported to be possible substitutes for autogenous bone grafts in studies using animal models [9, 12, 14, 15, 17].
In 2002, rhBMP-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier (INFUSE® Bone Graft) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an autograft replacement only for an interbody spinal fusion procedure after a number of preclinical and clinical investigations [16].
Although there have been a few reports on the application to human spine fusion [4, 5, 23], BMP is not routinely used as a substitute for autologous grafts in posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF). The objectives of this study were to determine whether rhBMP-2 can be used as the only source of osteogenesis with success equal to an autologous graft of the monosegmental PLF at the same level and to describe the time course until bone union.
A prospective case-control clinical study was conducted, which included 11 patients who underwent PLF of L4-5. All patients underwent surgery for the same level. On the right side, only rhBMP-2, for which polylactic/glycolic acid (PLGA) was used as a carrier, was used, whereas, on the left side, autogenous bone obtained from the iliac crest was used. Pedicle screws were used for fixation in all cases. Follow-up was conducted at 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery and then annually.
Patients with Meyerding classification I or less degenerative spondylolisthesis of L4, large herniation of L4-5 or unstable stenosis of L4-5 were included in the study. Conditions were diagnosed according to the clinical history, symptoms, and physical and image findings. All patients experienced numbness in the lower extremities and intermittent claudication with and without lumbago. Before surgery, all patients underwent conservative therapy (bed rest, physical therapy, medications, spinal injection or manipulation) for more than six months, which was unsuccessful. Patients, who underwent spinal fusion, but required postoperative medications that interfere with fusion (e.g. steroids, chemotherapy agents), had a history of malignancy or received treatment for infections were excluded from the study.
We performed monosegmental PLF of L4-5 in 11 patients between May 1999 and 2000. Patients ranged in age from 39 to 74 years (mean: 56 years) and consisted of four males and seven females. Follow-up continued for at least 24 (mean: 61) months after surgery.
The fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae were exposed through the posteromedial approach, and partial laminectomy of L4 was performed. The facet joint and transverse process between L4 and L5 was decorticated posterolaterally. After pedicle screws had been inserted into L4 and L5, the bone graft was transplanted posterolaterally. Eight grams of autogenous bone from the iliac crest was transplanted into the left side of the lumbar vertebrae, while a 10-ml (15 mg) solution containing rhBMP-2 (1.5 mg/ml) was used on the right side, using PLGA as a carrier. The concentration of rhBMP-2 (Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was adjusted using a buffer solution [5 mmol/l glutamic acid, 2.5% glycine, 0.5% sucrose, 0.01% Tween 80 (pH 4.5)].
Two days after surgery, patients started ambulation with a corset. They were discharged two to three weeks after surgery. A brace was worn for six months after surgery and then removed.
Patients were followed-up at 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery and then annually. The judgment criteria for treatment of lumbar spine disorders established by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA score) were used for the evaluation.
Plain X-rays and computed tomography (CT) were performed preoperatively and at 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery and then annually for the evaluation. Mobility of L4 and L5 was evaluated using lateral X-ray views of flexion and extension. If lumbar motion was more than 3° or slipped more than 2 mm, it was evaluated as pseudoarthrosis. Also, posterolateral spinal osteogenesis was evaluated according to anteroposterior plain X-rays and coronal reconstruction CT views using four grades: 0=no osteogenesis, 1=only slight discontinuous osteogenesis between transverse processes, 2=discontinuous osteogenesis between transverse processes and 3=continuous osteogenesis between transverse processes. Two spinal surgeons scored each outcome independently. If there was a difference of opinion regarding a grade, the score was determined by mutual agreement. Definition of bone union was according to criteria of less than 3-° flexion and extension movement, less than 2 mm slip and an osteogenic score of 3. Fisher's exact probability test was used for statistical analysis.
All 11 patients were followed up. The average follow-up period was 61 months (24–72 months). With the exception of one patient, who died of heart disease two years and three months after surgery, and one patient, who moved from the area, all patients were followed up for more than five years. Two patients underwent additional surgery due to adjacent intervertebral disorders during the follow-up period. One patient underwent decompression surgery for an upper adjacent intervertebral disorder two years and four months after surgery. In addition, another patient underwent spinal fusion (posterior lumbar interbody fusion) for an upper adjacent intervertebral disorder with instability six years after surgery.
Preoperatively, the average JOA score (up to 29) was 13.6±4.8. The average scores at 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery were 26.7±2.0, 27.6±2.0 and 26.7±2.0, respectively. All 11 patients were evaluated for two years after surgery. Between two and three years after surgery, one patient died of heart disease and another presented with right hemiplegia due to cerebral infarction, neither of whom could be evaluated using the JOA score. Three years after surgery, nine patients were evaluated with an average score of 26.7±2.0. Subsequently, one patient was not evaluated after moving from the area; therefore, eight patients were evaluated after the fourth year post surgery. At four, five and six years after surgery, the average JOA scores were 27.8±1.0, 27.0±1.5 and 26.6±4.3, respectively.
All patients were evaluated using images until two years after surgery. Except for the death of one patient and another who moved, nine patients were evaluated for five or six years.
According to lateral X-ray flexion-extension views of the lumbar region, no patient exhibited evidence of motion of 3° or more or slip of 2 mm or more in L4 and L5. In addition, no loosening of the pedicle screws was observed.
One year after surgery, the osteogenic score of both the left and right sides was 3 in seven cases; the osteogenic score of the left side was already 3 in every case except one. Two years after surgery, the osteogenic score of both sides was 3 in nine cases (Table 1).
The mean osteogenic score on the right rhBMP-2 transplanted side was 1.7, 2.5 and 2.7 at 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery, respectively (Table 2). Although only one patient scored 3 at six months after surgery, eight patients scored 3 at 12 months and nine patients scored 3 at two years. Bone union progressed until two years after surgery, while no change was observed after that time. Bone union was determined in 1, 8 and 9 of 11 patients at 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. The bone union rate was 9, 73 and 82% at 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively.
On the left autogenous bone transplanted side, the osteogenic score was already 3 in every case except for one at six months after surgery. No subsequent changes were observed. The bone union rate was already 91% at six months after surgery.
In the bone union rate between rhBMP-2 and autogenous bone, a statistically significant difference was observed only six months after surgery and was not apparent at 12 and 24 months after surgery.
The patient was a 48-year-old man with unstable lumbar spinal canal stenosis (Fig. 1). Six months after surgery, shell-like osteogenesis was evident on the right side into which rhBMP-2 had been implanted. Bone union had already started on the left side into which the autogenous bone graft had been implanted. The osteogenic score was 2 and 3 on the right and left sides, respectively (Fig. 2). Twelve months after surgery, bone union was progressing with a score of 3 on both sides (Fig. 3). At 24 months, complete bone union was observed (Fig. 4).
Many studies have reported posterolateral lumbar fusion with rhBMP-2 in animal models [7, 15, 17–19]. Sandhu et al. [17] reported that they transplanted rhBMP-2 with a collagen sponge as a carrier in their study of posterolateral lumbar fusion in canines and that 100% bone union was obtained at 12 weeks. In addition, Sandhu et al. [18] also reported that rhBMP-2 precluded the need for decortication. Fischgrund et al. [7] reported that a larger fusion mass could be obtained by adding rhBMP-2 to an autogenous bone graft. Martin et al. [15] found that a larger amount of rhBMP-2 compared with what had been effective in other animal models would be needed to demonstrate effectiveness in primates.
Based on these findings, a few studies have been performed with human subjects [5, 8]. In 2002, rhBMP-2/ACS INFUSE® Bone Graft received FDA approval as an autograft replacement for an interbody spinal fusion procedure after a number of preclinical and clinical investigations [16].
This approval was just based on the clinical studies for anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF). After this FDA approval, this rhBMP-2/ACS INFUSE® Bone Graft was applied for posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) [16].
This is the first study in which the monosegmental PLF at the same level was performed and patients were followed up for a mean period greater than 60 months. In addition, the bone union rates within individual patients were compared between rhBMP-2 and an autogenous bone graft, which eliminated the influence of interindividual differences and also provided a more accurate comparison.
Boden et al. [5] reported a prospective, randomised clinical pilot trial that evaluated the use of rhBMP-2 with a biphasic calcium phosphate carrier in single-level posterolateral lumbar fusion. The mean follow-up period of their study was 17 months. Three cohorts were used in this study: five patients were treated with iliac crest bone graft with posterior instrumentation (control group), 11 patients were treated with rhBMP-2/biphasic calcium phosphate with instrumentation and nine patients were treated with rhBMP-2/biphasic calcium phosphate without instrumentation. At 17 months only two of five patients with iliac crest bone graft exhibited fusion compared with fusion in all of the patients treated with rhBMP-2.
Glassman et al. [8] performed posterolateral lumbar fusion with pedicle screw implantation in 38 patients. In their study, 20 mg rhBMP-2 was used bilaterally with bovine collagen/hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate as a carrier. Bone union was originally scored from 1 (no fusion) to 5 (solid bilateral fusion) for evaluation. One year after surgery, the score was 4.62, which was better than the 3.77 of PLF with autogenous iliac bone graft and pedicle screw that was simultaneously performed. They reported that rhBMP-2 provided a more rapid, firmer bone union than autogenous iliac bone after posterolateral fusion.
In our study, bone fusion progressed for two years after surgery, with a bone fusion rate of 9, 73 and 82% at 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively, for the right rhBMP-2 side, while the rate was 91% on the left autogenous bone side. Statistically significant differences in bone fusion were observed only six months after surgery. The use of rhBMP-2 would eliminate the harvesting of autologous bone graft from a patient and the resulting potential complications. Therefore, rhBMP-2 could reduce complications. rhBMP-2 can be used as the sole source of osteogenesis with success equivalent to an autologous graft of the PLF.
Our bone fusion rate with rhBMP-2 was less than the rate reported by Boden et al. [5], which was virtually the same as the results reported by Glassman et al. [8]. In our study, the autologous bone graft side was able to obtain better fusion rate (over 90%) compared with another study. We applied 8 g autologous bone from the iliac crest, and we consider that this amount of bone might be appropriate for good posterolateral fusion.
Patients were followed up for a mean of 61 months. Clinical improvement was observed within the first six months after surgery and was likely to then show slight deterioration over time; however, the JOA score six years after surgery was as favourable as 26.6±4.3. In our study, bony formation with rhBMP-2 progressed up to two years after surgery. This suggests that posterolateral bone fusion should be determined by two years after surgery. During the follow-up period, no complications, such as surgical wound inflammation or allergic reactions to rhBMP-2, were observed.
We performed monosegmental PLF at L4-5 in 11 patients. On the left side, autogenous bone from the iliac crest was transplanted, while rhBMP-2 was transplanted on the right side, with polylactic/glycolic acid (PLGA) as a carrier. Clinically significant improvement was observed within six months after surgery. With the exception of two patients who required additional surgery, the postoperative course was uneventful for six years.
Bony fusion progressed until two years after surgery. There were no statistically significant differences between rhBMP-2 and autogenous bone grafts. rhBMP-2 can be used as the sole source of osteogenesis with success equivalent to an autologous graft of the PLF.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Sri Chandrasekharendra Sarasvati, the 68th Peethadhipati of Sri Kanchi Kamakoti pitha, was pre-eminent among the realised souls, a true brahmavadin, whose grace is felt even now by inumerable devotess across the world. he 122nd jayanti of this "Walking God", who adorned the pitha for 87 years is to be celebrated on 2nd June.
Come and imbibbe his teachings which is a source of inspiration for the upliftment of mankind. Hear Him speak in his dynamic Voice.

subset: commoncrawl


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NSW USMC Marsoc FSBE PADDED OPTICS POUCH, Coyote Brown, ACOG Trijicon Scope USA
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Up for auction is a Brand New Unissued condition NSW USMC padded optics pouch in Coyote Brown. It is compatable with all modular load bearing systems like elcs molle fsbe etc. 100% USGI Issue not cheap commercial knock off.
What buyers need to know about my listings. I have been a "Geardo" for 30 years and have now started gear-hounding for others. I only pick up items that are worthy of my personal collection. If an item isn't up to my standards (95% condition or better) I pass entirely on the deal. Unless, of course, it is a rare or unusual item. I try to describe my items accurately and note any flaws in detail. My goal is to offer top-notch gear at reasonable prices. I want to offer a hassle free ebay experience for my buyers. If there is any particular specific gear you are interested in, please let me know and I will create a "wish list" for you. Please don't send requests for restricted or illegal items.SHIPPING: I only ship within the USA (unless otherwise noted). I offer many items that are restricted for export under ITAR regulations. Please don't ask me to BREAK THE LAW. I am NOT going to violate the law just to make a few extra dollars. It is not ... read more


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2016 Personalized Illuminated Holiday Train Car
On-30 scale illuminated train car, personalized with your family name. Solid metal chassis and holiday art. Limited edition of 2,016.
On-30 scale and runs on any HO-gauge track
From Hawthorne Village
When it comes to the Christmas season, every gift becomes more special when it comes with a personal touch. Now you can add an extra special personal touch to your holiday with the 2016 Personalized Holiday Train Car, available only from The Bradford Exchange, Hawthorne Village Division. This On-30 scale 2016 train car adds to your existing train display with illumination and runs on any HO-gauge track. As an added bonus, this car is personalized for you when you provide names, dates or messages - up to 2 lines on each side - for customized inscription!
Precision-scaled and expertly handcrafted with steel alloy wheels and a solid metal chassis to entertain you for years to come, this personalized holiday train car adds a one-of-a-kind celebration to your holiday display! A classic-style illuminated On-30 baggage car, with sliding doors that open and close, is festively decorated with red, green, gold and white with a vibrant snowy scene with Christmas trees. Your personalization is featured across a banner, along with more decorations of "Happy Holidays" and the year "2016" to mark it in time. In addition, it glows with warm illumination from within, inviting you to hitch a ride that you will remember forever. Only 2,016 of this limited-edition personalized train car will ever be made. Previous personalized holiday cars were sold out for the last six years, so don't wait to get yours. Order now!
- Bring some Christmas cheer to your home with the 2016 Personalized Holiday Train Car, an On-30 scale 2016 personalized train car precisely scaled to connect to your existing electric train display, available only from The Bradford Exchange, Hawthorne Village Division
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- On-30 scale and runs on any HO-gauge track


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We want to hear from you!
kidHaven offers advertising space along the right side bar of the website. Click here to email kidHaven for details.
Subscribe for Weekend Highlights here.
Keep kidHaven updated and submit any family-friendly activities, events, classes, or general information you know about. All listings are free and subject to approval. Please note the following:
- Weekend Highlights: Updated weekly, email special event details to Jess at firstname.lastname@example.com. Include Date, Time, Location, Phone # and/or Web Link for your event.
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Kristine D #
I was wondering if you would have any suggestions for nut free places (bakeries, resturants,etc…) in CT.April 30, 2010
Doug #
I know there's only about a month to go in the summer, but do you know anything about places that offer swimming lessons? My daughter is 20 months old and loves the water and I'd love to start teaching her to swim!July 26, 2010
Do you know any sewing class for age 8 & up in Milford area?September 27, 2010
Feyza Anil #
Thank you .I checked joann and michaels.I'm waiting for other ideasSeptember 30, 2010
@ Kristine:
http://www.bethiemacsnutfree.com/October 5, 2010
I was wondering if anyone knows a good indoor pool/splash park, which is warm enough for little ones? We were at the Coco water park twice, it's great for I guess 2.5/3 and up, and the first time we went our 1 year old loved it. But we (and mostly her) were freezing last time :-(. Any recommendations?
IlkaJanuary 16, 2011
Hi thanks,
that sounds good (of course I am a friend of kidhaven on fb :-) ).
We are also looking into other activities like pony riding and I'll post my research and experience.
IlkaJanuary 20, 2011
Rebekah #
Does anyone know of a good, fun Spanish class for a 4-yr-old? I'd really like my daughter to be bi-lingual.February 3, 2011
Michelle #
Hi Kim,
I love your website!
I was wondering if anyone knows of dance lessons for 6 yearl olds close to Woodbridge that don't require a 1-year commitment. It could be short sessions….
Thank you!
MichelleMarch 11, 2011
I have an update on swimming pools, especially the YMCA in Wallingford. The therapy pool is really nice and warm (89F), the lap pool is a little cooler (82F). Plenty of toys and a slide at the Therapy pool. Tuesday-Thursday there is open swim for non-members. We paid $5 for the whole family (usually $10 for grown-ups, but since you have to accompany a kid under 8 into the water they sometimes let the parents in for free). Unfortunately they changed their policy and Friday-Sunday you have to be a member or Wallingford resident to get in. Staff is super friendly, they provide towels and have a family locker-room. Pool schedule can be found here:
They have swim-classes from 3 years up as far as I know.
We'll keep you updated if we find something else.April 2, 2011
Our restaurant is peanut-free although we do use other nuts in some of our cooking and baking. We have a gluten-free menu and we are very careful with allergies so you can feel confidant to eat with us. Ask for a manager and she'll know every ingredient in our desserts and foods. We're here to help so just ask. Claire's Corner Copia, 1000 Chapel Street, New Haven. Telephone:203-562-3888, http://www.clairescornercopia.com
Thank you.April 6, 2011
Camren #
Do you have a listing of best places for a toddler birthday party? I've done Rascals in Hamden and loved it but this year would like something new. It would be for a 4 year old girl.April 23, 2011
Lisa A #
Just a suggestion…. As both a regular user and a contributor to the weekend highlights and calendar listings, I find it odd that the links published are often just general links, rather than the directed links that go to the specific event referenced (e.g., the NMS concert link goes to the NMS page rather than the concert listing, the Top of the Rock event goes to the friends of the east rock page where there is no mention of the event, etc.) Don't know if everyone provides more specific links but I know we at NMS have (as well as some descriptive text which also wasn't included) and it certainly is more helpful as a user — as I then had to hunt around for more details on some of the other events I was interested in.
LisaMay 8, 2011
Kathy #
Hi – do you know yet when the Milford Pirate Festival is this year?
Thanks…love your site! :o)May 9, 2011
Lee #
Really like your weekend update and Kid Haven in general. I'd just suggest care in the use of words like "kiddos" in order to help your non-English speaking audience. Google translate is not that good, at least not yet. Thanks for everything you are doing to keep parents informed.July 23, 2011
Hilary Grant #
LOVE KidHaven!!!!!!
Here are some great shows for kids at Long Warf for next week that are easy on the wallet!!
http://www.longwharf.org/shake-it-up-shakespeareAugust 19, 2011
Paige Jokl #
Hello Again,
I wrote earlier in the summer to inquire about advertising rates on your page. Perhaps you replied to my initial inquiry and it was filtered into my junk mail (and if that is the case I apologize for pestering you again, but I thought I'd try one more time.) Thank you.September 20, 2011
Jennifer #
My daughter will be going to kindergarten next year and I am hoping you will get reviews of after school programs in and around New Haven.September 25, 2011
Paige #
Hi Kim,
I'm sorry, I just saw your post about sending me a message in response to my inquiry, but I never received it. In any case, can you try resending? I'll be sure to keep an out out. I'm interested in advertising rates for the site. Thanks!October 10, 2011
jeanine #
Hello, I need some ideas for a 4 year old boys birthday party. He loves animals. I was thinking of the Peabody but looking for more idea.February 27, 2012
Please advise if you will be holding a Touch a Truck event in 2012. thanks DanFebruary 29, 2012
Kristen W. #
I am interested in volunteer activities in New Haven to do with my 7 year old daughter. Can you recommend volunteer programs that accept parents and kids.March 4, 2012
Kim #
We're thinking about summer and wondering what pools are out there that we could join? In or close to New Haven would be ideal, of course!March 16, 2012
DebE #
Wow. KidHaven ain't what it used to be. It feels like a bunch of ads lately without any content. Even the listings aren't updated regularly. What happened?????June 21, 2012
Leslie Flowers #
This seems to be a fabulous website if only it were up to date. I'm hoping for info for July and August.
Thanks for all this work,
Leslie FlowersJuly 5, 2012
New Haven SCSU SAT/PSAT MATH program taught in English
(You can just register for this program at cost of $60/week or $100/two weeks. Time: 3-4pm)
Camp Site: Engleman Hall, SCSU, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven
(Register online at http://www.quia.com/sv/586436.html)
Curriculum is based on student interest and levels, including but not limited to PSAT/SAT math questions, math contest (Olympiad and/or MathCounts) preparation, and puzzles. To prepare students for multiple choice math standardized tests such as SAT/PSAT. Topics in math such as rate, factoring, geometry, probability and statistics reviewed. Use of graphing calculator. Strategies overview. This course will be taught in English.August 7, 2012
New Haven SCSU, Computer Game Programming and Design Class
(You can just register for this program at cost of $110/week or $200/two weeks. Time 1-3pm.)
(Register online at http://www.quia.com/sv/586436.html)
To inspire the imagination and creativity of students, Video Game Design and Computer Game Programming Class will bring the student to go through the process of programming a video game. At the end, students will be motivated to develop their own game from scratch.
No prior programming experience needed to begin. Free programming software will be used in class but students should bring their own equipment such as laptop, iPad/iPhone, Andriod/Windows Smartphone, etc.
Don't just play games! Make them! Create your own video game in this fun, stimulating video Game Programming camp for kids. We introduce students to the awesome world of video game creation in a non-competitive, step-by-step process. The campers are being very proactive by creating their own video games, as supposed to playing videos games. This camp is all about creating, building, learning, and challenging themselves with games they make from scratch.
Video games comprise a $20 billion industry, and growing. The game industry jobs of tomorrow? Do you want to be the next-Steve Jobs (Apple) or Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook)? If you've got a child who might want to make a video game instead of just play it, they can learn from this camp. Game Programming and Design camp takes a much-reviled childhood activity and turns it into a learning opportunity.August 7, 2012
Leslie Flowers #
I could help a bit. I'm not very advanced on computer, but I do read the New Haven Register, the Advocate, and the Advisor from No. Haven. I can't spend a lot of time, but I am willing to help if I can.
I love your website and think it's so needed.
LeslieOctober 11, 2012


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Friday, April 17, 2015
St. Sabina Parish Activities Hall
26505 Ann Arbor Trail
Dearborn Heights, Michigan 48127
Doors open at 6pm—Trivia starts promptly at 7pm
Variety of Questions! Challenge your Friends!
Join us for 10 rounds of 10 Trivia Questions with free popcorn all night and FREE pizza at halftime!
Call Marylou to reserve your table of 4 at 313 212 1888 ~ Or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
This is a Fundraiser for the St. Vincent de Paul Group of St. Sabina and Our Lady of Grace Parishes to help families in need. Sponsored by: Pat Milliken Ford, Todd's Pharmacy, Midwest Healthcare, Catholic Order of Foresters, American House, Fresh Value Marketplace, and Dr. Terry Viviani, D.C., Chiropractic Physician.


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Latest News & Events22nd January 2018
Volunteering can help combat loneliness
"Through volunteering and meeting other volunteers, I built my confidence... I felt I had a purpose...
Mike Plows inVOLve Bath Business Development Manager
Mike oversees the strategic development of the centre and membership development as well as overall operational management of inVOLve Bath.
Amanda Jane and Geraldine work with a range of volunteer-involving organisations and individual volunteers to ensure the journey for all parties is an enjoyable and rewarding experience. The team is also supported by a number of volunteers who help at various times to provide the additional skills needed to ensure the professional service is maintained. As a charity, we are governed by our committed and highly experienced Board of Trustees, who bring a host of skills and attributes.


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The Maui Jim Pikake Polarized Sunglasses are round sunglasses for a chic, slightly oversized look. Cover your eyes and bask in the sun with these lovely fashion shades named after the beautiful Hawaiian flower. Scratch-resistant lenses ensure the power of PolarizedPlus2® keeps glare and UV rays out of your eyes. Kick back, relax, and steer clear of work and stress.
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(Photo by Michael Buckner/Getty Images for Chrysalis)
It's been four years since one of television and music's rising stars, Glee's Cory Monteith passed away unexpectedly.
His costar and girlfriend at the time, Lea Michele, shared a touching tribute to the fallen star.
This echoes similar posts Michele has made on the second, and third anniversaries of Monteith's death.


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Resultados 1 a 7 de 7
Tópico: [EN] B100G - Beyond 100G
11-03-2014, 09:10 #1
[EN] B100G - Beyond 100G
As OFC takes place this week, announcements and discussions focus on the topics of 400G transport versus 1 Terabit transport and how to get to the B100G (Beyond 100G) end game as quickly as possible.
In October 2006, at Light Reading's Optical Expo conference in Dallas, renowned AT&T Labs Vice President Simon Zelingher (now retired) made a passionate case for the need for 100G transport, predicting: "We will need 100 Gbit/s by the end of the decade."
Despite heavy skepticism, Zelingher's prediction proved amazingly accurate. The first commercial 100G cards were shipped at the end of 2009 -- for Verizon Communications Inc., not AT&T Inc. -- setting the 100G migration in motion.
Fast forward to the present, and 100G has already overtaken 10G, in terms of capacity shipped in long haul networks. As well, 40G transport, which held promise just a couple of years ago, is now on a path of sharp decline, because the capacity and cost-per-bit advantages of 100G cannot be matched.
Today the optical industry buzz is all about "beyond 100G" bit rates. As OFC takes place this week, announcements and discussions focus on the topics of 400G transport versus 1 Terabit transport and how to get to the B100G (Beyond 100G) end game as quickly as possible.
While we welcome progress, Heavy Reading sounds a strong note of caution regarding the widespread commercialization of B100G. While B100G is an appropriate topic for forward-looking optical conferences such as OFC and ECOC, the industry risks getting well ahead of itself in the need for B100G adoption.
In researching our newest Heavy Reading report -- The Rise of 100G & Terabit Transport Networks -- we found that the drivers for B100G are simply not in place, and that 100G is by far the best tool for the job for long haul networks during the next five years.
Here are our main arguments to counter the B100G commercialization hype:
- Historically, the telecom bit rates have increased in 4x increments (i.e., 155 Mbits, 622 Mbit/s, 2.5 Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s). While some operators did move to 40 Gbit/s, the vast majority did not. For most service providers, the 100G migration marks the first 10x jump in network capacity as they move from legacy 10 Gbit/s networks to 100G. This 10x jump in bit rates is giving service providers an unprecedented boost in capacity.
- Although it is not often discussed in our industry, the fact is that the rate of Internet traffic growth is slowing, governed by the law of large numbers. A quick look at Cisco's widely-cited Visual Networking Index (VNI) findings reveals this trend. Cisco's VNI forecasts that global IP traffic will increase at a 23% CAGR from 2012-2017. Cisco's 2011-2016 forecast CAGR was 29%. The 2009-2014 forecast CAGR was 34%, and a few years prior to that, the CAGR was in the 50% range. The Internet is not shrinking, but the growth rates are slowing.
- Economics will ultimately dictate the timing of the next bit rate adoption. This simple truism is often overlooked as our technology-driven industry focuses on, Can it be done? and then on Can it be done economically? However, the real question for B100G must be, Can it be done more economically than 100G? As 100G has entered the volume production phase and as component companies focus their efforts on 100G cost reductions, B100G technologies will not be able to compete with 100G on a cost per bit basis over the next five years, we strongly believe.
Work on B100G must occur now in order to build the technology innovations and sustainable ecosystem for a commercial B100G future. It is the myth of B100G urgency today that we are hoping to dispel in this blog and in our related research.
As the industry takes a realistic view of B100G timing, it does bring up an interesting point that requires thought and discussion. Suppliers have rallied around 400G as the next-generation bit rate because it is the most doable option considering a near-term time horizon. However, if the need for B100G is not so urgent, does 400G really make the most sense? Or should suppliers set their sights on another 10x jump to 1 Terabit transport?
We don't believe this issue has yet been settled.
— Sterling Perrin, Senior Analyst, Heavy Reading
Última edição por 5ms; 11-03-2014 às 09:21.
11-03-2014, 09:15 #2
The Rise of 100G & Terabit Transport NetworksThe road to 100Gbit/s (100G) transport was a long one that began around 2006, just as the first commercial 40G networks were being deployed. It was also during that year that prominent AT&T Labs Vice President Simon Zelingher (now retired) made a passionate case for the need for 100G transport in his keynote address at Light Reading's Optical Expo conference in Dallas: "We will need 100 Gbit/s by the end of the decade," he stated. AT&T (along with Comcast) pioneered commercial 40G transport in 2006, and his comments were greeted with a great deal of skepticism by many. However, Zelingher's prediction proved amazingly accurate: The first commercial 100G cards were shipped at the end of 2009 (for Verizon, not AT&T), and the 100G commercial migration was set in motion in 2010.
In 2011, Heavy Reading published a report on the 100G evolution entitled 100Gbit/s Transport: Forecast & Analysis. At that time, 100G line rates and 100G Ethernet had been fully standardized, and 100G commercial deployments were just beginning, led by Ciena and Alcatel-Lucent. At that time, we concluded that 100G was being positioned as a "mass-market" backbone transport technology to ultimately replace 10G networks.
Also at that time, 40G transport was hitting its stride, with global deployments being led by Alcatel-Lucent, Ciena, Huawei, Cisco, Nokia Siemens Networks, Fujitsu and others. The transition away from 40G and toward 100G was being set up in early 2011, but the storyline had yet to play out. And although there were a couple of "hero" experiments surfacing at optical technical conferences, there had been very little discussion about the next bit rate beyond 100G. To many, such consideration seemed light years away.
Fast forward three years to the present, and progress in the optical industry has been rapid. 100G has risen to prominence in long-haul networks and, in terms of capacity shipped, has already overtaken 10G. 40G transport, which held promise just a couple of years ago, is now on a path of sharp decline as the capacity and cost-per-bit advantages of 100G cannot be matched. And the subject of "beyond 100G" (B100G) speeds, virtually non-existent in early 2011, is a key piece of any supplier/operator interactions on 100G. Operators need to know: How will you migrate to the next bit rate?
As 100G enters mass commercialization and B100G proceeds to trials, Heavy Reading takes a fresh, in-depth look at the near- and medium-term future of 100G transport and B100G. Understanding the trajectory of 100G and B100G is critical for the success of any DWDM systems or components supplier.
The Rise of 100G & Terabit Transport Networks tackles the challenges and opportunities of high-speed DWDM transport, in both long-haul and metro networks, looking at both 100G and B100G. The report presents comprehensive forecasts for long-haul and metro DWDM transport, with breakouts for units shipped, capacity shipped, revenue contribution by port speed and more. In addition, the report analyzes key enabling technologies for B100G and provides a roundup of significant B100G trial activity over the past year.
The report also profiles 10 leading optical systems vendors, detailing their products and strategies for 100G as well as for B100G.
Calculating market share is a difficult exercise, because there is not consistent reporting for 100G among the various suppliers. Still, Heavy Reading feels it is important to calculate some market share data to aid in understanding the market dynamics and the market players. Based on our calculations, Huawei was the leading 100G DWDM supplier in 2013 by a wide margin, capturing 34 percent of 100G systems revenue during the year, as shown in the excerpt below.
Heavy Reading forecasts global long-haul DWDM revenue to increase from $4.2 billion in 2013 to $5.8 billion in 2018, representing a 6.6 percent CAGR over the forecast period. While overall revenue growth will be modest, there will be major swings in the individual port contributions: 10G and 40G will experience rapid declines, as 100G revenue rapidly rises to backbone dominance. The excerpt below breaks out Heavy Reading's forecast for long-haul DWDM revenue share by port speed through 2018, illustrating the dramatic shift occurring in backbone line rates.
11-03-2014, 12:07 #3
10G já é caro demais, e 100G é pornograficamente caro...
11-03-2014, 12:49 #4
" ... cost-per-bit advantages of 100G cannot be matched"
11-03-2014, 16:18 #5
Colt Deploys ADVA 100G Core to Answer UK Enterprise Data DemandLondon, U.K. March 11, 2014. ADVA Optical Networking announced today that Colt has deployed the ADVA 100G Core to address bandwidth growth from its U.K. enterprise customers. A customer of ADVA Optical Networking for over 15 years, Colt chose the ADVA 100G Core technology because of its plug-and-play simplicity and ease of use. The ADVA 100G Core has been optimized to interoperate with all major optical transport systems and enables Colt to upgrade existing customer networks without disrupting data traffic or making additional costly installations. This optimization ensures enterprise customers can rapidly scale from 10G to 100G and beyond.
Our enterprise customers have some of the most rigorous networking demands in the world. They need long-term partners they can trust, a network they can depend upon, said Peter Coppens, Network Services Solution Line Director, Colt. Thats why our relationship with ADVA Optical Networking is so important. They dont just build great technology; they help us build trust and long term relationships, which are key for our customers. With the ADVA 100G Core, the team at ADVA Optical Networking has produced something that answers a definite pain point how can I migrate to 100G without major upgrades. This is a question that our customers no longer have to worry about.
Colts enterprise customers include some of the worlds largest financial institutions, media companies and professional services organizations. Its customers are experiencing expanding bandwidth requirements and need a supporting network that can scale in line with their business demands. Fully integrated into the ADVA FSP 3000, the ADVA 100G Core provides this scalability, ensuring seamless migration as and when required. However, to ensure that all of its customers can benefit from 100G, Colt is also trialing the ADVA 100G Metro. This direct detect technology provides data transport over shorter distances and delivers significant cost, power and space optimization an ideal combination for metro applications.
Were continually listening to our customers, continually listening to their needs. Its this information that drives our focus, that drives our technology, commented Alistair Swales, senior vice president, Sales U.K. and Ireland, ADVA Optical Networking. Thats why our 100G portfolio is proving so successful. It addresses specific applications with tailored performance metrics. For enterprises that require 100G technology but dont want to make costly upgrades, then our ADVA 100G Core fits perfectly. Yet we strongly believe that every customer should be given the opportunity to access 100G. Ultimately, this is the very essence of our 100G Metro and with Colts trial of this technology the U.K. enterprise community may soon have 100G technology for every networking need.
Watch ADVA Optical Networkings latest 100G Metro video for further information: adva.li/100metro.
11-03-2014, 16:23 #6
12-03-2014, 10:10 #7
Navigating New Networking Trends: Beware of the Urge to Over-EngineerEmerging applications including on-demand video, cloud services and synchronous replication are increasing data center interconnect bandwidth demand more than ever before. Operators are grasping at the optical trends they hope will support the mass amounts of data crossing their network. However, it is crucial to recognize that networking approaches that are successful for traditional service providers might not translate into the right approach for the data center.
Service providers and data centers each have a specific role in keeping the data flowing across the network. Service providers offer end-user access and are responsible for transporting users information across the network. Data centers are responsible for storing, managing and disseminating that data. Service providers make money from the bits flowing across the network. Data centers make money from the applications and information at the ends of those connections.
Many data centers, however, are actually using equipment and techniques that were designed for traditional service providers. Operators need to be careful they do not fall prey to over-engineering their networks to telecom standards when its not required. Instead, they should focus on building a network that delivers the functionality to support current services while providing a future path to meet growing customer demand.
There are many differences between service provider and data center optical networks, but the main areas where data centers can drive efficiency and innovation fall into a few categories.
1. Transport Layer vs. Application Layer
While service providers make their revenue from transport, where reliability and Service Level Agreements (SLAs) drive network design, data center operators make their revenue from applications and content, where cost and capacity drive network design.
Service providers are required to have multiple layers of redundancy in the transport layer in order to ensure the highest level of service and customer satisfaction. Generally, these transport layer requirements do not exist for data centers, as they rely on the packet layer for resiliency.
To increase revenue, data centers aim to quickly boost capacity to locations. Data center operators should focus on innovation at the application layer and consider new options such as leasing capacity and alternate routing. While these alternative approaches would not meet service provider requirements, these options can provide data centers with benefits like a more predictable expenditure model, the flexibility to scale capacity as needed and the ability to better safeguard data by rerouting at the packet layer.
2. Port Density vs. Cost Per Port
For service providers, port density is a paramount concern, while data centers focus on cost per port. This difference is reflected in the split between 100G port deployment by service providers and the continued use of 10G ports by data center operators. Service providers will pay extra for high-density ports, because each port is a revenue-generating entity and translates into more revenue in less space.
Data centers are less concerned with density and more concerned with cost per port and internal network flexibility. With the high cost of 100G ports on routers and the need to re-purpose ports quickly, a network based on dense 10G ports is more appropriate.
However, with the rapidly decreasing cost and size of 100G optics and the ability of emerging pluggable 100G coherent solutions to coexist with 10G signals, data center operators should be preparing for 100G deployments within their network. Deploying platforms that offer plentiful 10G port capacity, and include the option to add on additional 100G interfaces as either 10x10G muxponders or as native 100G interfaces, can be a very effective approach.
3. Fiber Standards: Long-Distance vs. Short-Distance
Long-distance dark fiber is generally difficult to lease and requires more advanced optical knowledge and access to intermediate sites for amplification and regeneration. This usually leaves data center operators considering hardware requirements for shorter reach and metro distances (where fiber is available) and using leased bandwidth for longer spans. Service providers, who own long-distance fiber, must consider hardware requirements for a much wider variety of applications, including long-distance routes that may carry a wide spectrum of signal types.
Because the majority of data centers lease short-distance fiber for a smaller portfolio of service types, there is no need to select networking platforms that are built for long distance, multi-service deployments and can be over-engineered and complex.
4. Support Staff and Simple Solutions
Finally, data center operators need simple, point-to-point solutions that do not have complex operations, are easy to deploy and do not need to be touched after installation. While service providers have a constant support team to organize part numbers, learn complicated software structures, and constantly update software licenses, this is not the case for data centers. Data centers require simple, low-cost solutions that can easily be operated without worrying about the details of optical technology. Optical interconnect should look like virtual fiber, and data center operators should evaluate their equipment choices appropriately.
It can be easy for data center operators to become enchanted by emerging and exciting service provider-designed solutions for optical networking. However, it is critical that the data center operator remains focused on the unique needsand capabilitiesof the data center network. By addressing their current network challenges and opportunities, they can easily avoid over-engineering the network and continue to successfully manage their high profile role in the data revolution.
Scott T. Wilkinson is senior director, technical marketing, MRV Communications. He leads a team of industry and technology experts focused on educating internal resources and external customers on market trends, new technologies, and recent innovations in MRVs lines of optical and packet product lines.


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Calif. police shoot man damaging cruisers with hatchet
The suspect was also shooting at cruisers and refused to drop his gun
San Jose Mercury News
OAKLAND, Calif. — A man who damaged at least a half-dozen Oakland police cars with a hatchet and shotgun blasts behind police headquarters was shot by an officer early Sunday after he refused to drop the gun and appeared as if he was going to fire again, investigators said.
The suspect was identified as Nathaniel Riddick, 25, whose last known address was in Sacramento.
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Full story: Calif. police shoot man damaging cruisers with hatchet


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Born in southwestern Virginia, Tom Green moved at a young age with his family to middle Tennessee. Like many Southerners of his generation, Green traveled to Texas to participate in its revolution against Mexico in 1835-1836. He participated as a private of artillery in the decisive battle of San Jacinto on 21 April 1836. Green relocated permanently to Texas in 1837, settling in LaGrange. He briefly entered elected politics in 1839, but soon showed a greater talent and inclination for his appointments as engrossing clerk for the Texas House of Representatives and secretary of the Senate. His longest held position was that of clerk of the Texas Supreme Court, a position he assumed in 1841. By all accounts, the well-read and intellectual Green was extremely popular in all these positions.
In the frequent recesses during court and legislative sessions, Green participated in many of the campaigns of the Republic of Texas. As a volunteer ranger, he rode on two successful expeditions against the Penateka Comanches. As a volunteer officer in the army of the republic, he raised mounted companies and served as a staff officer in campaigns against Mexican incursions. During the Mexican-American War, Green served as a company commander in Colonel John Coffee Hays's 1st Texas Mounted Rifles, where he served with distinction in the Monterrey campaign.
When that regiment disbanded in October 1846, Green returned to Texas and domestic pursuits. He married Mary Chalmers, the oldest daughter of a prominent Austin editor, in January 1847. Within months of the wedding, both of her parents died, prompting the couple to adopt her six siblings and raise them as well as six children of their own. Green, now responsible for a sizable family, put his energy into his twenty-year career as clerk of the Supreme Court, where he became a protege of Justice John Hemphill, an outspoken advocate of states' rights.
When secession occurred in 1861, Green sprang to the call. He received appointment as a general in charge of a militia district, but left that post to assume command of the 5th Texas Mounted Volunteers in late summer 1861. Green's first campaign was with Brigadier General Henry Hopkins Sibley in New Mexico. Green earned the victory at the battle of Val Verde on 21 February 1861, but showed mediocre leadership during the rest of the campaign, and rumors began circulating that he was a boon companion of the notoriously drunk General Sibley. At the battle of Peralta on 15 April, Federal troops surprised Green's command in the midst of a fandango at a captured estate, shaking the Texans badly. By the time the 5th Texas returned to Texas at the end of the disastrous campaign, Green's reputation had clearly suffered.
Passed over for promotion, and eager to salvage his good name, Green fought the rest of the war with a vengeance. At the battle of Galveston on 1 January 1863, he made sure that his command, now designated the 5th Texas Cavalry, played a prominent role, and he received many of the laurels for the stunning victory. After reinforcing General Richard Taylor's army in Southwestern Louisiana in March 1863, Green earned a reputation as a tenacious fighter. In the Bayou Teche campaign in April, Green's rear-guard tactics led Taylor to recommend him for promotion, which the Confederate Congress confirmed.
Placed at the head of the disgraced Sibley's old brigade, Green led the 4th, 5th and 7th Texas cavalries in a number of ferocious battles in the summer of 1863. Most of the time, Green was the de facto commander of a small cavalry division that included the brigade of his brother-in-law Colonel James P. Major. On 23 June, as Taylor attempted to relieve pressure on the besieged garrison of Port Hudson across the Mississippi, Green proved instrumental in the capture of Federal general Nathaniel P. Banks's depot at Brashear City, Louisiana. The Texan led a poorly coordinated assault on Fort Butler at Donaldsonville on 28 June, resulting in heavy casualties among his command. Afterward, Confederates bypassed the fort, and field artillery and sharpshooters harassed shipping on the Mississippi, temporarily interrupting Banks's communications with New Orleans. After the fall of Port Hudson on 8 July, U.S. troops moved to contain Taylor. Green soundly drubbed them at the battle of Cox's Plantation on 13 July, allowing Taylor to abandon the Bayou Lafourche country in good order with his important captures intact.
Green earned two more battlefield successes in 1863 and emerged as Taylor's most reliable – and aggressive – subordinate. On 12 September, he led his brigade, Major's brigade, and a brigade of Texas infantry under Colonel Joseph Spaight in a well-executed ambush of a Union brigade-sized outpost at Sterling's Plantation on Bayou Fordoche. When General Banks launched an offensive toward Alexandria that same month, Green's troops harassed the advance. When the Federals withdrew in November, Tom Green's Texans jumped a Union brigade at Bayou Borbeau on 2 November, leading to its destruction. After a year of active campaigning, Taylor ordered Green's command to protect the Texas coast for the winter.
Early in 1864, Green received greater responsibilities while leading his men in the decisive campaign for Louisiana. Confederate authorities promoted Green to major general, and Taylor appointed him to lead all of the cavalry in his department. In March, General Banks launched his land and riverine Red River campaign toward Shreveport, Louisiana, prompting Taylor's superior, Lieutenant General Edmund Kirby Smith, to summon all available troops to the state to aid it in the defense. Green, his old command, and an additional small division of Texas cavalry responded. The Confederates under Green skirmished actively with Union troops before joining Taylor's main body of troops just south of Mansfield. On 8 April, the Confederates turned on Banks's army and routed it. The following day, at Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, Confederate assaults against the battered Federal troops achieved nothing, but did convince Banks to retreat to safer ground. Green immediately ordered a pursuit by his mounted troops.
Green led a large part of his mounted command to the banks of the Red River, hoping to capture Union transports passing back down toward Natchitoches. While Green was coordinating an attack on the Union navy at Blair's Landing on 12 April 1864, sailors aboard the U.S.S. Osage fired a round of grapeshot at a conspicuous Confederate officer within easy range of their guns. One of the projectiles hit Green in the upper forehead, killing him instantly.
– Donald S. Frazier
[Source: Heidler, David S. and Jeanne T. Heidler. Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social and Military History. W.W. Norton & Co. 2002. pp. 877-878]
He is buried at Oakwood Cemetery in Austin, Texas, per FindAGrave.


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At one point, somewhere deep in the second act of One Man, Two Guvnors — which opened last week at the Music Box Theatre — I actually wondered if I was laughing my face off. Like, my face hurt from laughing. We're talking actual, measurable pain in my face.
Because this nutty show, which recently transferred from London's National Theatre, is really funny. I cannot think of many shows that provoke such a wildly balls-out, stop-it-Mary-before-I-pee-myself reaction from an audience.
This production, which was directed by Nicholas Hytner, is basically perfect. A slyly sophisticated meld of British variety show and music hall humor, and comedia dell'arte — there's a cheat sheet about that in your program if you don't have time to google it at intermission — the show essentially presents you with characters who fall within a couple of specific types — court jesters, masters and servants, damsels in distress. And then they all do crazy things.
They swindle each other. They fall in and out of love. They devise elaborate plots that all fail. The details of the plot don't really matter, and it's a good thing, because in One Man, Two Guvnors, many of them are basically inscrutable. You're laughing too hard to really notice, and the performances onstage outshine the play itself so solidly that you'll forget it's there.
Super-cuddly James Corden plays Francis, a guy who gets hung up working for two people. Of course, the two people are involved in simultaneous, shady, overlapping plots, but neither of them really knows that. Thus we're setup for all kinds of zaniness — mis-delivered letters, the toppling of chairs, mistaken identities, fish heads strewn across the floor. And Corden plays both the physical comedy and the wordplay with aplomb and with an appealing charm. When Francis addresses the audience, it's no wonder that everyone in the house seems to want to play along.
Equally great is Oliver Chris, who plays Stanley Stubbers, one of Francis's guvnors. He gets some of the best lines in the play. (Sample: "Wrap my balls in bacon and send me to the nurse.") He's the kind of faux-pompous, creepy bad guy that you weirdly find yourself rooting for just so he'll be onstage more, and say more funny things.
And I laughed at those funny things. Which brings me to the hardest part of this review: Much as I admired this show, and can see it for what it is – utterly sound, brilliantly executed – I don't really think I loved it.
I know this is a weird position to take, having laughed (a lot) at something that's intended to be funny. But listening to my own reaction, and to the audience's reaction – we're talking like, laughter to split seams and shake rafters — I had to wonder: Are the jokes really this funny? Because well-constructed as they are, they're still basically about spilled food and farting. Or is the laughter fueled by the sound of the laughter itself, by collective expectation, or the pressure of paying $120 a ticket?
And ultimately, there's also a lot that the show resolutely does not do. It won't move you or shock you or ask you any hard questions about much of anything. It's not emotional in any specific way. And after two-and-a-half hours, yucking it up over a story you don't care about starts to feel kind of… empty.
The Book of Mormon throws its audiences into similar, scary-loud paroxysms of hilarity, but it does so with an emotionally engrossing story. I also know people who find The Book of Mormon genuinely offensive and insensitive. Its wild success with audiences is part of its brilliant idiosyncrasy — that it works despite, and because of, the risks it takes. With One Man, Two Guvnors, you can't help but think that everyone, from your nine-year-old cousin to your grandmother, would think this show is high. Larious. If that's true, is the show really putting all that much on the line?
The ironic thing is that I'd probably encourage everyone to see One Man, Two Guvnors — including my nine-year-old cousin and my grandmother. It's a riot. They'd all have a great time. The audience around them – if not the show itself – would basically guarantee that much.
photo: The Guardian


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Country: Australia
Director, writer: Brett Anstey
Horror themes: (filed under Curse horror) banshee, screaming woman, ancient curses and traditions, walking dead/undead, resurrection, corpses, survival
Verdict: 5/10… Average, but with some scary scenes. [Damned by Dawn – Amazon.com]
Damned By Dawn: Official horror movie trailer (YouTube)
Plot summary of Damned by Dawn
Spoken of only in fearful whispers, a supernatural force holds a chilling grip over a remote, primitive farming community where Claire (Renee Wilner) arrives to visit her ailing grandmother. On her deathbed, the old woman warns Claire about the cost of interfering with a powerful spirit coming to claim her soul, and when the rest of the family fails to heed these ancient traditions, the dead are called up from their graves for a bloody night of retribution that leaves carnage and monstrous mayhem in its wake! A riveting rollercoaster of terror in the tradition of The Evil Dead and Drag Me to Hell, this acclaimed new vision of horror reveals that there truly are things in the night much more frightening than death!
Thoughts on Damned by Dawn
I decided to watch this horror flick when I saw Damned by Dawn compared to The Evil Dead, despite the fact that the IMDb rating is a 39. I give it 5/10 because I found the first third or perhaps half of the film to contain some pretty creepy imagery. Like so many other horror movies, I felt that the attempt to show some of the supernatural elements via CGI detracted from the film a bit. Perhaps an invisible force would have been more frightening than a flying skull, for instance.
NOTE: More content coming: images, reviews, thoughts…
Resources: Damned by Dawn
- Damned by Dawn, 2009 – IMDb (Rating: 39), Wikipedia, Rotten Tomatoes
- Damned by Dawn – Amazon


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There's been a lot of talk about how the New York Giants will be making "wholesale changes" to their defense, but their offense may look different come kickoff 2013, as well. The Giants have some decisions to make on defense, but don't overlook their offensive decisions either. Let's take a look.
I think backup quarterback David Carr will be back. As long as the Giants are running the same system, Carr knows it inside and out and he's a nice insurance policy on Eli Manning. On the offensive line, I think Will Beatty and Kevin Boothe will be back. Sean Locklear is a maybe depending on how his recovery is going from his knee injury. I can see David Diehl being let go to help provide some cap relief.
At the skill positions, Andre Brown is a restricted free agent, and it will be interesting to see if another team gives him a big offer. Ryan Torain and Kregg Lumpkin probably won't be back. At receiver, it's a matter of when Victor Cruz is signed to a nice contract. I don't see Ramses Barden being brought back. Domenik Hixon is a wild card. He gives some depth on punt returns, but could a team offer him more? Maybe. At tight end, I don't see Travis Beckum being brought back. Bear Pascoe probably will. Then there's Martellus Bennett. Bennett was a nice signing by Jerry Reese and it would be great for Manning to have the same starting tight end in back to back years, but another team could give him more.
Kicker Lawrence Tynes is also a free agent, and even though he struggled towards the end of the season, he was automatic early on and has been reliable. I think he should be and will be brought back.
The Giants no doubt will look different next year. It's not just the defense, it will be the offense too.


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Brown Nixes Calif. Sustainable Redevelopment Bills
The package of so-called sustainable communities legislation proposed establishing several programs to boost affordable housing and economic development projects. The measures were introduced to fill the void left earlier this year when the government shut down several hundred redevelopment agencies across California, reallocating their funds to fill...
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Wake Up and Smell the Coffee
Tempus Fugit. Sorry for the creative block I've been stuck under for the last many months! Here is a drawing of the thing I am today (a supervisor who is still getting the hang of supervising!):
Posted in Talking About Myself
I was browsing YouTube mindlessly–as one does–and came across an adorable video of a baby elephant trying fruitlessly to help up a larger elephant which had fallen down. How sweet!
Skip to 2:16, by the way. The video is actually mostly boring.
But I could not help but be reminded of a passage from The Physiologus, a text written in Greek in the second or third century as both a guide to animals, trees and stones, AND an explanation as to how each of these natural specimens can be seen as analogous to Christian theology and ethics.
Now, before you go and accuse me of being some sort of an intellectual or something, it's not like I went and read The Physiologus myself! I just happened to read the passage in my copy of Umberto Ecco's On Ugliness, a lively exploration of the Grotesque in Western art and literature! I don't even KNOW Greek, and my Latin is getting a bit rusty–difficile est tenere quae acceperis nisi exerceas, as they say! So, just to be clear: I'm just a REGULAR JOE.
Anyway, on to the elephants!
In the mountains
An animal known as the elephant exists.
…This is the elephant's nature. If it falls down, it is unable to get back up again, because it has no joints in its knees. And how might it fall down? When it wants to sleep, it leans against a tree and hunters, who are familiar with the elephant's nature, go and saw the tree trunk halfway through.
The animal comes to rest and then falls along with the tree, and begins to send forth loud trumpeting.
Another elephant hears this and comes to help, but it is not capable of lifting up its companion: therefore both begin trumpeting…
and another twelve elephants arrive, but not even all of these together can lift up the fallen beast; therefore they all start trumpeting: finally a small elephant arrives, puts its trunk under the fallen elephant, and lifts him up.
What I take away from this story is that elephant hunters need to follow through with the rest of their hunting plans, and that elephants are disorganized. Oh! Also that Europeans in the Middle Ages were pretty uninformed about elephants. What you SHOULD take away from this story, gentle readers, is that the Elephant is MAN, after falling into SIN…
Then the great elephant arrived, in other words the Law, and it was unable to lift him; then the twelve elephants came (in other words the prophets), and they weren't able to lift the fallen man either; finally, the holy spiritual elephant arrived, and he lifted the man up.
An Update and Some Photos!
Next week I will have lived in the Boston area for a full year! I will have been living in the Real World, away from school and the family for TWO years! I will have had this blog for two years, too.
A lot has changed over the past year! I am now a barista, for instance, which is invigorating, if a little overwhelming for someone who has worked neither retail nor service before. (Spellcheck suggests I replace barista with barrister; I am not a barrister).
I've made more friends, and I've kept doing theater at a steady rate! I've gotten to know this area pretty well, and now that early summer is in full swing, I can almost forgive (an admittedly mild) winter for lasting so long. I've learned to play the ukulele adequately! I've learned a lot about vegetarian cooking. I've learned some Norwegian!
Life is pretty nice, I think, even if I have no vision of myself in 5 years whatsoever–like, not even a glimmer of a hint of what or where I'll be. Heck–even next year I can only envision where I'll be because I've signed a year-long lease starting in September. On the "Life is pretty nice" side of things, here are three botanical photos I took the other day! I have not really put much of my photography on this blog, as I was REALLY into photography in college, then lost my spare camera battery…but now I own a sweet camera my brother got me, so I should get back on the horse.
I was going to upload a bunch, but maybe I should use a photo website to do that and link it here.
Also here another song I wrote for fun:
Posted in Pictures, Song, Talking About Myself
Three new small songs!
Some of you may have seen these already, but for those who have not, I have made THREE NEW SONGS! Note: They aren't about me, unlike Kimbap Baby!
Posted in Song, Uncategorized
Kimbap Baby
I wrote a ditty! With MUSIC!
Posted in Song
My First St. Patrick's Day/My First Racism!
Wow! Boston really likes St. Patrick's Day! I was on the T earlier, and there was nothing to be seen but green and Guinness memorabilia! Green glitter wigs, green headbands, green everything. It makes sense in a city with a historically substantial Irish population, though I doubt most of the yelling college kids I saw today were themselves Irish.
Anyway, this St. Paddy's day vortex of colleges and pubs that is Boston has inspired me to type up my first St. Patrick's Day memory.
One Friday, long ago, when I was a little first grader, my teacher reminded all of us kids to wear green the following Monday in celebration of St. Patrick's Day. I relayed this information to my Grandmother (with whom I lived) once I got home. She was NOT pleased. She explained that we were SCOTS (she was, at least) and that wearing green showed support for the IRISH. Not only was my grandmother of Scottish descent, she was a solid anglophile (the house contained lots of miniature English cottages, Britain-themed tea towels, etc, that she got visiting England). Honestly, I had never even heard of the IRISH. But the message was clear: whatever the IRISH were, no grandchild of hers would be condoning their holiday!
On Monday, I arrived at school wearing all ORANGE, in a sea of green peers–I don't even know how my Grandmother managed to get so much orange on one little girl–I felt very conspicuous, but proud. My favorite favorite teaching assistant came up to me and exclaimed, "Why Anna! You're not wearing any green! Did you forget it was St. Patrick's Day today?"
I stood tall and declared, "I'm a SCOT, and we HATE THE IRISH."
"Oh..but Anna…I'm Irish." Tears appeared in her eyes!
I could have died right there–I don't know if I had ever felt so awful as I did then. I would never have guessed Irish was a type of PERSON, much less wonderful Miss O'Brian (name changed because I don't recall her name at this point).
"I–I'm sorry! I don't hate you at all! I promise! I didn't know what Irish was!!!" now I cried, but she hugged me to show she wasn't mad, and then I made some shamrock-themed arts-and-crafts.
My grandmother was an overall awesome and admirable woman (for example, she was a Woman's Air Service Pilot in WWII), but whenever St. Patrick's day comes around, I wear green and remember that awful experience. I learned to take what she said with a grain of salt for the first time that day, as she was clearly uninformed on the whole Irish issue, and had made me into a jerk by mistake.
Posted in Uncategorized


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Toss shrimp in spice, wrap in basil and prosciutto and grill on skewer
- Yield
- makes 4 to 6 servings
- Shrimp, 1 pound
- curry powder, 1 t.
- sea salt to taste
- fresh cracked pepper to taste
- 2 t. sesame oil
- 16 to 28 bay leaves
- 8 or 9 slices of proscuitto
- Combine 1 T curry powder, sea salt and fresh cracked pepper. If you hate curry (like my husband), substitute a dry rub. Coat shrimp, (1 pound) in sesame oil ( 1 to 2 teaspoons), and then the dry spices. Wrap each shrimp in one leaf of basil, and then wrap in a piece of prosciutto. Thread about 4 on a wooden skewer you have soaked in water. Place on grill sprayed with pam until prosciutto isw crisp. serve plain or with a couple of dipping sauces


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Newton, MA (PressExposure) January 09, 2008 -- Healthbase.com has been named the Best Website for Accessing International Medical Information for Patients/Consumers by the Consumer Health World Awards.
Boston-based medical tourism provider, Healthbase Online Inc. (http://www.healthbase.com), has been awarded the âBest Website for Accessing International Medical Information for Patients/Consumersâ. The award was given by the Consumer Health World Awards at the Second International Medical Tourism Conference held on December 5, 2007.
The Consumer Health World Awards recognize excellence and advancement in service, products and programs that enhance consumersâ abilities to manage their healthcare expenditures and enhance healthcare quality.
Says Saroja Mohanasundaram, CEO of Healthbase, âWhat sets us apart from others is not only our top-notch medical travel service and partnership with world-class overseas healthcare facilities but also our unique website which empowers consumers with all the information they need to make a well-educated decision when purchasing health care services for themselves or their family.â
The high cost of health care in the US has led many uninsured Americans to seek cheaper alternatives abroad thus giving rise to the trend of medical tourism. Medical tourism offers low-cost high-quality healthcare options to the patient but it involves a lot of planning and research on their part.
âGoing abroad for surgery is not same as walking to your hospital on the next street; there are a number of things that need consideration. From access to transparent information on international healthcare facilities and surgeons to details of surgical procedures, and from timely correspondence with the overseas hospital to booking the medical travel itinerary, consumer demands are multifaceted. Understanding the requirements of medical tourists and implementing that into our informative web portal is what has led us to achieving our mission of providing healthcare beyond boundaries by empowering consumers with information and making high quality healthcare accessible to everyone at affordable prices,â remarks Mohanasundaram.
Careful research and planning are important aspects of medical travel. Healthbase helps by making this easier for the consumer through its award-winning website.


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As the result of a deal with Discovery Communications, Oprah Winfrey will be getting her own network next year on what is currently the Discovery Health Channel. OWN: The Oprah Winfrey Network is being described as a "multi-platform media venture" that will "entertain, inform, and inspire people to live their best lives." The channel will debut in 2009 in about 70 million homes and also include the digital platform, Oprah.com. As part of the cashless transaction, Winfrey has been named chairman of the network and will be responsible for programming, branding, and creative vision. "Fifteen years ago, I wrote in my journal that one day I would create a television network, as I always felt my show was just the beginning of what the future could hold," Winfrey said. "For me, the launch of The Oprah Winfrey Network is the evolution of the work I?ve been doing on television all these years and a natural extension of my show." Winfrey's current talk show, as well as rights to use of reruns, is spoken for until the end of the 2010-11 season, according to the Associated Press.
Eric Charbonneau/WireImage.com


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Super Eagles striker, Emmanuel Emenike came off the bench on Sunday and helped Spartak Moscow beat Anzhi Makhachkala 2-0 but the Nigerian top scorer at the Africa Cup of Nations is reportedly injured and could be out for another lengthy period.
This is coming after a two-month layoff due to a muscular injury he suffered at the last Nations Cup in the semi-final match against Mali.
He replaced Artem Dzyuba in the 54th minute and was brought down for the penalty that gave Spartak their second goal.
Emenike had raced towards a long ball but was brought down by Vladimir Gabulov, Anzhi goalkeeper who was sent off for the foul.
Team mate and midfielder, Dmitri Kombarov said as good as the win was, it had been sullied with the injury to their Nigerian striker.
"As far as it is serious, we will find out [Monday] or the day after, I do not know exactly when it will be examined," Kombarov told the clubs official site.
Though speculations are rife that Emenike may need another operation on a suspected knee ligament injury that will take between two and three months for a full recovery.
If the injury is confirmed, Emenike will miss the two crucial World Cup qualifiers against Kenya and Namibia and also the Fifa Confederations Cup in June.


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It has come to my attention over the past few days that to many people my life seems like a chaotic shambolic thing. If you ask me where I will be this time next week I can't really tell you; I could be in London, LA or New Zealand… anyone for a fourth option?
I came to LA with little money not knowing exactly where I would sleep. The words irresponsible, unorganized, drifter, freeloader, dreamer, wanderer possibly spring into your mind… don't worry they spring into mine… anyone for a nine to five? There are some days I'd kill for it, only everyday it would pretty much kill me. Why do I do what I do?
I do it because I feel compelled to do it, because the stories inside of me are so strong that I cannot resist them and I must do everything in my power to let them out.
P:S: Check out Chapter 3 in The Adventures of Scrap


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Cycle Group 2WW to O thread
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July 21st, 2010, 07:02 PM
Platinum Supermommy
Join Date: Nov 2007
Location: CT USA
Posts: 12,983
I hope you get a ole positive OPK.
I am done with AF and now onto to waiting to pee on sticks. I have never TTC before as a was extremely lucky to just get pregnant. But I can totally see how the stress begins when you actually make the decision to try. I am so beyond paranoid that something is wrong and I won't get pregnant again. GAH. I have Endo also and it seems to get worse after I am pregnant or at least it comes with more symptoms. I am trying so hard not to make myself worry for nothing.
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Would you believe bee's venom could help you feel better? How about a candle in your ear, or a string running through your nostrils? People have used all sorts of kooky remedies to fight pain and illness. Some work. Others, not so much. Find out more about odd medical cures of past and present!
Bookwire is a mobile app for your iPhone that gives you the ability to scan a barcode
or enter ISBN, access book records and add titles to wish lists.


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* Keynote Directory *
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Arts & Culture
Book Review
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Human Resources
Job Search & Career Change
Mindfulness & Well-being
Mothers Connect
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Wine & DineTime
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As Steve Washington from Casentric said: "Mentoring is a two-way street. You get what you put in."
The program is geared to educate, inspire and empower women across different generations with the core values, attitudes and skills that are the foudation of quality leadership.
It comprises of 1-on-1 mentoring and coaching conversations around career development, professional advancement and different areas of professional experience from another PrimeTime Member.
The program started in 2017 for the first time. Regular workshops are being organised and are 'by invitation' only and available exclusively to the Mentoring Program Participants.
If you are interested in the mentoring program, please reach out to email@example.com.
PrimeTime Two-Way Mentoring Program Finale (for program participants only)
By invitation only
6.30pm Registration Opens
7pm Dinner & Networking
7.30pm Welcome & Mentoring Program in Review
7.45pm Mentoring Program Feedback Round Table (Participants, Program Organisers, Workshop Facilitators)
8.15pm Mini Workshop
8.45pm Q & A
9.00pm Evening ends
Date: Tuesday, 28 November 2017
Time: 6.30pm - 9.00pm
Venue: Lavinia's house
Organiser: Magdalena Poulin
Member Advertising


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Charlize Theron is willing to do pretty much whatever it takes to do a role justice. For her current part in Mad Max: Fury Road, she has shaved her head. Usually, being Charlize Theron is just a matter of being very prety and acting like the pro she is.
But sometimes it can be about being ugly. When Charlize Theron portrayed Aileen Wuornos in Monster, she gained 30 pounds and wore false teeth that really uglied her up.
When it comes to getting the look that she needs for a particular role, Charlize Theron has a simple formula: you have to respect the role you agreed to do.
"Every movie is its own animal and you have to respect it and treat it that way," she told ET.
For a film like Mad Max: Fury Road, that was not just a matter of showing up, wearing a prosthetic, sitting through makeup, etc. The filming of that movie stretched out for a long time. Charlize Theron did not only have to show up. She had to show up for a very extended marathon process.
"This one was just a naturally a long process because the movie took so long to make,: she explained, "but I had a lot to have the story really inform me as to what I needed to do and what needed to happen. So I was grateful for the time."
But shaving her head? Did she really need to go to that extreme? That takes a while to bounce back from.
"I just had this moment where I was like, 'I need to shave my head! I can't think about what I'm going to do with my hair in this movie. I'm going to be in the desert. I'm a new mother. Let's just shave it. The next day we did it. I can't even imagine doing it any other way."
Maybe making millions of dollars on a film softens the blow of having to grow one's hair back out.


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Brenda S.A. Yeoh is a Professor at the Department of Geography, National University of Singapore and Principal Investigator of the Asian Metacentre for Population and Sustainable Development Analysis (funded by the Wellcome Trust, UK) at the Asia Research Institute. Her research foci include the politics of space in colonial and post-colonial cities; and gender, migration and transnational communities.
She holds a joint appointment with Dept of Geography, NUS. click here


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Biancamarie (aka Beatrice to some who liked to yank her chain) Arenge is a woman who no matter what the atmosphere is when she entered a room, that atmosphere would immediately be changed to one filled with beauty, laughter, and fun for all around. I had the privilege to meet and come to love Bianca by way of my dear friend and her daughter Sandi LoBue in 2009. We have been friends everyday since and have spent Thanksgiving together and enjoyed each others company til the very end.
Bianca has two daughters Sandi and Silva, both of whom she loved with all her heart and who whether they realized it or not she worried more about them than she did herself. Bianca would tell me in our phone conversations how she was worried that Sandi wasn't getting enough sleep, how she was too stressed, always asking me to take care of her. Though up in age and health problems limiting her ability to move around Bianca made every gathering Sandi put together for her residents at Lighthouse Point, she played Poker every week with ladies at Crane Lakes (Bianca was a crude Poker player according to my sources) and like any good strong Lady (yes Bianca was always a Lady in everything she did, even when she put her foot down) she had made her plans on how she wanted to live and die.
About two years ago almost to the day Bianca had fallen in her home and was rushed to Halifax Hospital. I got the call from a frantic Sandi and rushed to the ER to be with Sandi who was absolutely beside herself because the Hospital had not taken her back to be with her Mom. I remember the look on Sandi's face when we were finally taken to the ER exam room as well as the look on Bianca's face when we walked in. Though in pain from a broken femur Bianca took her daughters hand and spent the next fifteen minutes or so comforting Sandi. Little did any of us know at the time that this day would be the beginning of setting Bianca's plan into action. From the hospital to rehab to nursing home and back to her house Bianca was as stubborn as she could be and it drove everyone crazy, but no one as much as Sandi. I often thought that Bianca was so stubborn and more so with Sandi not to a pain but to make her stronger and prepare her for the day that Biancamarie would leave us to rejoin her husband.
As hard as it was for Sandi to see her mother in pain and refuse to cooperate in rehab in the beginning, I know the hardest part was having her mother in a place other than her own home. Determined to keep a promise made to her mother to never let her waste away in a Nursing Home, Sandi LoBue became the strong determined woman her mother had prepared her to be. While it was not easy and many in the heathcare field tried to talk her out of it, Sandi made the arrangements to have round the clock care in her mothers home and took Bianca home. I want to tell this story because I believe we can all learn something and because I believe this is a story will touch hearts and make us all think how we might act in a similar situation.
Even before Bianca fell we would always joke about how she was crazy as a bat, but then again to have people like me around her she would have to be crazy as a bat. One of my favorite recent situations was here obsession with this gecko that had taken up resident in one of her outdoor floral arrangements. It got to a point where she was determined to have me go over and exterminate it which I offered to go shoot it and she thought I was crazy for that. The Gecko finally moved on it's own and then Bianca being Bianca started to miss the little guy. I never understand why Bianca cared so much about what I thought but I know she knew how much she and her daughter Sandi mean to me.
Sandi and Silva were with their mother just a few days before she had her stroke, Sandi tells me that Bianca called them both together and said "While I have both of my daughters together I guess this is a good time to tell you I have signed the paperwork and made arrangements to where I do not want any medical intervention or efforts to revive me." Sandi doing exactly what I would expect and I would do myself looks at her mother and says "And who was with you when you did this? And they determined you were in your right mind?" If truth be told I don't think Bianca, Sandi or I would ever be seen as being in our right minds, but Bianca was and she was doing what she knew she needed to do to let her daughters know this was her doing it her way.
When I was told of Bianca's stroke and her impending passing I had to say "Beatrice (I would call her Beatrice just to get her goat) you always said you lived life on your terms and you would leave this life on your terms, you did girlfriend." I sincerely believe Bianca knew she was ready to rejoin her husband Salvatore, and I know that she did everything she could do in preparing for that return so that her daughters would not have to agonize over decisions that Bianca had already made. Biancamarie passed away peacefully on August 14, 2015 at the age of 87.
In this past two years I have learned something that I think we can all stand to remember. Parents will always put their children's well being above their own, while remembering when you did those little things that you knew irked your parents, well when later in life you are taking care of them they will and I believe actually enjoy returning the favor and every now and then returning the favor and doing some of those very same little things just to get payback. Bianca loved her daughters with all her heart. There is nothing she would not have done for either of them. She loved her grandchildren, her nieces, nephews and her friends, yet she also had a great sense of humor and enjoyed every now and then doing the little things just to get their irk factor up a little and would laugh at the result.
I will miss her cards stuffed with scratch off lottery tickets, her making sure Sandi remembered to take her Birthday card to me, her love for Moe Joe, her never ending insistence that I join them for dinner and her saying me a piece of her Key Lime pie. While I know she is gone, all of those very things will live on in Sandi as Bianca is in Sandi and how she lives everyday.
To Sandi & Silva, while I know the pain of missing and loosing someone you love who made you what you are today, I think you will both agree that your Mother would want us to celebrate her life, throw a party and drink a toast to her than to be sad and withdrawn.
So to Biancamarie Arenge, I make this toast: "She was always a lady no matter what the circumstance, whose laughter is still heard by all of us this day and who if here today would look at Sandi and Silva and proclaim; well done, well done my beautiful darling daughters!