text:
|2012-05-01, 03:30
|Link #4901
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2008
Forgive me for hurrying a bit, but I do want to provide at least one response.
That is a part of their storytelling style. Even Okouchi said that they didn't want to explain everything, when confronted with the fact that some questions still remain unanswered after R2 in an interview. This is also true about some of Taniguchi's previous works, where a number of issues and even a couple of aspects concerning the romantic relationships are either left open-ended or up to interpretation, some of which are more annoying than others.
Not unlike your interpretation about C.C.'s fate possibly being a type of solitary "hell" if Lelouch left her behind in an irresponsible manner, there are a few people who consider at least one of the endings for another Taniguchi show as insufficient or terrible, because the characters didn't necessarily end up together or at least had to be separated for a long period of time for reasons that can be classified as irresponsible from a certain angle. I'd rather not specify which show in particular is concerned though, for the sake of limiting spoilers.
Of course, I know we also have to accept there are proper mistakes as well as sloppy cuts made for time. R2 was a problematic production.
But who can decisively draw the line between each of these issues and the intentionally ambiguous elements? If you didn't like something and this runs contrary to your expectations, or those you believe the story created, when is it a mistake and when is it a storytelling decision? What happens if someone else doesn't think it is?
There's no universal answer here. My point is this also goes for the C.C. and Lelouch relationship we have been discussing here...even if, like I've said before, I don't really think Lelouch left her alone, in retrospect, if we conclude that he may well have survived after all, despite the literal interpretation of the writer's comments.
|2012-05-01, 04:41
|Link #4902
Senior Member
Join Date: Apr 2010
Location: State of Clarity
I can't agree that R2 writing/story is bad/underdeveloped overall. Of course, there are some storylines and characters which further continuation/developement would be nice for the series. But you know, Kallen's fans - they want more Kallen story, C.C. fans - more of evergreen immortal witch, majority of people watched CG (at least I think so) wants another ending, etc etc etc. But you know what? Everyone wants his own ending for the series. People still argue about writing/story, logics behind and possible solutions for problems they see in Code Geass universe, years after. I think you guys remember the internet after 25th ep. of R2 =) Not only /a/ cryed. Countless posts, theories... For me it's the biggest proof of the story to be great. With all the plotholes (>implying there are some) and fanservice, "bad writing", underdevelopement, R2 made Code Geass prominent forever.
About Lelouch leaving C.C. It's up to you to decide wether he left her or not ) If hes dead - they can be together in world of C. If he took Charles Code - they have eternity to enjoy each other's company. If he took C.C.'s Code - they still have a life to live. They can even die in one day - if Suzaku's Geass would grow big enough to accept the Code. Anyhow, C.C. was looking quite happy in the final scene.
And the last thing. Sorry if someone finds it offensive, I don't want to go holywar. Gundam00 having better writing? Gundam? Writing? Seriously? I'm not saying Gundam00 is bad anime, but it's kinda... regular one.
|2012-05-01, 10:55
|Link #4903
Senior Member
Join Date: May 2009
Location: classified
I'll be here sooner or later.
I could swear Okouchi told him they said too much about that aspect of the show, but I don't remember any discussion about the Zero Requiem or Lelouch and C.C.'s relationship as a whole.
Anyway, the point I'm trying to make here is that the rule set forth the show was that Lelouch was supposed to make a better world.
The problem with that is Okouchi wrote that Mount Fuji held 70% of the world's Sakuradite reserves.
That was the world's primary source of power and Lelouch blew it up.
As a writer, you cannot make that level of continuity error and expect to get a pass.
To claim world peace after the main character wipes out the world's primary source of energy is ridiculous.
If a terrorist group destroyied the oil fields in Saudi Arabi today, there would be a World War tomorrow for control of what oil reserves were left.
The Sakuradite gaffe is only one of many.
Continuity is the fabric of any good storytelling no matter how Liberal or edgy it is supposed to be.
Once that is broken, the story collapses in on itself.
That was the problem with the show Blue Seed, which is a good example of what NOT to do in a story.
The end didn't match the events of the show and it crumbled into obscurity because of it.
Oh I'd say Kirkus Review, Publisher's Weekly, Library Journal, Starlog Magazine, Analog, and just about every other major critic/review service/magazine of Sci-Fi and Fantasy out there.
I've had my own work reviewed/criticized by most of them so I can say what it is they are looking for and Code Geass would not make the grain because of its ending.
Hell, most stated that my story was epic but lacked the level of romantic elements they want in a story (a clear pairing is a must, and love-triangles or incomplete relationships is a no-no).
She doesn't care what anyone else says, and perhaps I should follow her advice.
To her, Lelouch lived with Charle's Code and is with C.C. to fulfill his side of the bargain.
That really is the only view she thinks makes sense and I'm begining to agree with her.
He created more problems than the statement was worth.
May a thousand of Lacus' bouncing Haros plague your dreams!
If Gundam has anything it is continuity within each universe (well accept SEED Destiny, they dropped the ball/Haro on that one).
Gundam is supposed to be a hard-SF story loosely based on Robert Heinlein's Starship Troopers (one of my favority SF stories BTW).
Therefore, it is supposed to be "regular" in that is follows strict rules of Science Fiction as laid out by John Campbell.
You can read about those rules here.
"Who Was John Campbell?"
|2012-05-01, 14:08
|Link #4904
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2008
On the one hand, this is more like someone destroying those oil fields at the end of World War II or, for that matter, during a hypothetical World War III in which the major powers ended up exhausting most of their military force during the fight. On the other, it would be in the best interests of the powers that be to cooperate, not spontaneously start another war, particularly when an external party (terrorists, Emperor Lelouch) is to blame, not each other, as an act of force majeure that could not have been foreseen.
The rest of the details depend on extrapolating over unknown factors and are thus a matter of personal speculation, but any serious prospective exercise (which is hard to apply to something like fiction, because of its inherent limitations) would produce various possible future scenarios, not just a single one.
One, they haven't reviewed Code Geass and probably never will. Two, those aren't the only professional critics out there and they will not uniformly share the same opinions. And three, a positive or negative review does not constitute absolute proof of what is intentional and what is a mistake, both when it comes to romantic relationships and other issues, if they are simply judging this based on adherence to a specific set of literary conventions (and, I'd add, one which is not uniformly applied, since works with both love triangles and incomplete relationships are not automatically bashed by everyone, let alone every major critic). It wouldn't be first time something is criticized as a flaw by one literary school of thought and appreciated or understood by another set of professionals.
|2012-05-01, 14:26
|Link #4905
Senior Member
Join Date: Apr 2010
Location: State of Clarity
I agree that CG, in fact, doesn't have something we can call "continuity". We have TV series which are great to watch. Who cares about would people of Britannia accept Nunnally as Empress after she blew up the capital, who cares about energy sources? ) For me CG is about emotions, not facts or consequences.
And... maybe it's a little off-topic.. Shows like Code Geass and TTGL raised qualitative mainstream standards of industry, at least for me. Back into these years, I thought that some new era is coming in anime. I was wrong.
|2012-05-02, 04:23
|Link #4906
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2008
The Zero Requiem was not just a matter of Lelouch being shortsighted, but also suicidal. Plus, the way the plot set him up from the betrayal onward was a case of Designated Evil.
|2012-05-02, 11:15
|Link #4907
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2008
I don't think fictional stories have any real or perceived obligation to provide a moral lesson though, and even going back to the Greeks themselves and other ancient civilizations there are plenty of famous or popular stories with what could be currently construed as amoral or morally questionable outcomes. Not all those myths and legends were like Aesop's fables, you know. The Greek deities regularly got away with murder and rape, even as they punished humans for it.
If that were somehow supposed to be case in this day and age, then even the behavior of characters like C.C. herself (not just the usual suspects all over again) should be scrutinized and perhaps found wanting in terms of morality, but I also happen to think that would be missing the point.
Last edited by Xander; 2012-05-02 at 11:54.
|2012-05-03, 04:10
|Link #4909
Senior Member
Join Date: Apr 2010
Location: State of Clarity
|2012-05-03, 15:47
|Link #4910
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2008
C.C. has certainly endured a lot of suffering throughout the years, but she has also directly and indirectly caused a lot of harm.
Even just during the period covered by the show we have seen her cooperating with Lelouch, and having a hand in everything from killing Mao to disposing of Geass cult scientists. I do sympathize with her, of course, but if she were taken before an omniscient moral court, I'd doubt she would escape punishment even if we took her past into consideration.
|2012-05-04, 12:24
|Link #4913
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2008
Similarly, would the moral judges of the world just trust that a runaway C.C.'s possible personal redemption, whether alone or together with Lelouch, will make up for her past criminal actions and complicity, in the absence of a process where the victims are provided with at least a form of symbolic justice, truth and reparations? There are no current guarantees of non-repetition.
Once again, it should be clearly noted that I don't see the need for any of this and, thankfully, there is no such thing as a so-called moral court involved in the story.
|2012-05-05, 02:24
|Link #4914
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2008
Last edited by azul120; 2012-05-05 at 02:44.
|2012-05-05, 04:05
|Link #4915
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2008
I've just been providing an example of what a purely morality-based criticism of C.C. would consist of, at least in part, if we were to assume such a perspective.
Even if he wasn't responsible for every part of the process, Lelouch's own actions and omissions made things easy for people like Schneizel (or, say, Charles and V.V.).
|2012-05-05, 04:18
|Link #4916
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2008
|2012-05-19, 05:13
|Link #4917
Senior Member
Join Date: Sep 2010
will someone help me look for CC's poem that I read somewhere 2-3 years ago...
it says something on the line "sleep"...
Cant find it... need help... its a very short one from magazine I guess...
Last edited by rinichan; 2012-05-19 at 06:11.
|2012-05-19, 06:19
|Link #4918
The Lost Lamb
Join Date: Apr 2012
Location: in Darkness
|2012-05-19, 09:23
|Link #4919
Senior Member
Join Date: Sep 2010
I'd used the search tool as well*
Found it... I was looking at the wrong thread...
now looking for some translation of CC monologues from this album....
and if you also mind the regret poems thingy did someone already translated them...
sorry I'm doing a look back right now... I'm excited at new Gaiden project...
I guess CC is not the geass giver in that tale...
Last edited by rinichan; 2012-05-19 at 09:39.
|2012-05-19, 12:45
|Link #4920
The Lost Lamb
Join Date: Apr 2012
Location: in Darkness
|Thread Tools


text: I must have had "talk about ex's whack-job girl friend" written on my forehead yesterday. Quite some time ago, I had specifically told several people that I didn't want to hear about her from them any more. My friend the mechanic...I saw him yesterday. He said he knew I didn't want to hear about her. He asked if I planned to go after DEX for child support any time soon. I said no. He said she's appealing to local churches and charities and getting them to pay her electric bill, groceries, and gas. He'd like to see them sweat the CS bill. lol While I can laugh at his thinking, Grrrr...I'd been better off not hearing that. Just makes me even madder (she goes out ALL THE TIME.) Then I got a pedicure, and ran into someone else on the way in, who said she's been carrying on about Wee on FB. So when I look on FB, she's got a photo of Wee on his birthday and tagged difficult child 1 in it, so I could see that, but she's blocked me from everything else now. (ExMIL recently got onto her about posting pics of other people on her FB - apparently, whack job thinks it came from me, and it did not! lol She put a picture of ExMIL and father in law at hooters on there, and ExMIL and father in law did NOT appreciate hearing about it from all of their friends...they don't have FB.) And THEN, difficult child 1's wife messaged me last night, and asked to talk about her...she's driving her crazy again, too. She and I haven't talked about Whack Job since...gosh, probably last July/Aug when they were here visiting. Apparently, Whack Job talks to people like she knows difficult child 1, his wife, and their baby, and talks to them all the time. Whack Job carries around print outs of pics she takes off FB to support this "notion", recently told people that difficult child 1's wife just moved (she moved in December right before difficult child 1 was deployed)...I don't know what all. I told difficult child 1's wife about running into Whack Job at Juvie, and the news of us being at Juvie beating us back home... So difficult child 1's wife is going to tell her to leave them alone (again). Poor girl. This woman has bothered her since the baby was born...I swear. But really, what was it with yesterday??? I've happily ignored the woman for several months, and then yesterday was just bombarded with her presence....sheesh.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
"You ain't never been fake in my eyes cause girl you the truth…it's something bout you…that I can't even think through…crazy how I got attached to you baby…"
Kaotik has released the official visual for his single, Attention. Not only can Kaotik provide the girl of his interest with the finer things in life, he's also able to provide her with what every girl yearns for – attention. In the visual, Kaotik demonstrate & express how despite what he has going on at the moment or even who's around, he's still able to give his girl his undivided attention. Kaotik sings, "oh nah, oh nah, oh nah…the things you do to me…ridiculous…."
Watch Attention video directed by ishotdat @j_spealz below:


text:
Welcome to the Gladstone Learning Center!The Gladstone Learning Center houses some of the district'syoungest and most senior clientele!
We serve children in a number of early Childhood and Family Education Programs at Gladstone.
We also serve senior citizens with a meal program, social events and more.Providing lifelong learning experiences forpeople of all ages, abilities and cultures throughcommunity-based programs and services.
Gladstone Community Education Center1945 Manton StreetMaplewood, MN 55109651-748-7200


text:
2. Create client application in Azure for the AD SynctoolFollow
Be aware that you need to install Microsoft SQL Server Compact 4.0
These are the steps to create the Client App in AAD:
- Sign in to the Azure management portal.
- Click on Active Directory in the left hand nav.
- Click the directory tenant where you wish to register the sample application.
- Click the Applications tab.
- In the drawer, click Add.
- Click "Add an application my organization is developing".
- Enter a friendly name for the application, for example "sync tool app", select "Web Application and/or Web API", and click next.
- This is not used for the console app, so is only needed for this initial configuration: http://sync-tool-app. For the App ID URI, enter http://sync-tool-app. Click the checkmark to complete the initial configuration.
While still in the Azure portal, click the Configure tab of your application.
Find the Client ID value and copy it aside, you will need this later when configuring sync tool application.
Under the Keys section, select either a 1-year or 2-year key - the key Value (ClientSecretKey) will be displayed after you save the configuration at the end - it will be displayed, and you should save this to a secure location.
Configure Permissions - under the "Permissions to other applications" section, you will configure permissions to access Windows Azure Active Directory.
Select the Save button at the bottom of the screen - upon successful configuration, your Key (ClientSecretKey) value should now be displayed - please copy and store this value in a secure location.


text:
As simple as this dish looks, this bruschetta mix was a whole weekend's labour of LOVE! Yes it took me a whole weekend to do!
Let me explain…the mushroom bruschetta mix you are looking at comprises of oyster, swiss brown and shiitake mushrooms. They have all been lightly smoked using hickory chips, dehydrated overnight and re-hydrated prior to cooking.
This isn't your average bruschetta mix, it's what I will call heaven on sourdough, if there ever was such a thing!
So why all the effort? Mushrooms are yummy on their own, however I wanted to experiment and take them to the next level. Ever since I was a little girl I remember that mum would slow dry her slippery jacks or saffron's in the oven overnight, the house would be filled with the most amazing aroma, the drying process would accentuate the flavour of the mushroom giving them a much richer and deeper flavour. Did I just sound like Manu from the Continental Stock commercial???
I know I sound like I am bragging but my efforts paid off! I cannot begin to explain the taste sensation. Smoking the mushrooms gave them that meaty, hearty taste without the meat!
Ohhhh and the tiny drizzle of Walsh's Homemade Wild Cherry Brandy sauce took it to another dimension, honestly out of this world!
It took a whole weekend to cook but ohhh so worth it!
With love from a self-professed mushroom addict…a.k.a Bella
PS…a huge thank you to the ABC's The Cook & the Chef for providing inspiration and base ideas for this recipe.


text: South Korea's arguably most influential business leader was placed behind bars Friday, as a court approved a second arrest warrant request for Samsung's acting chief Lee Jae-yong.The 48-year-old son of ailing Samsung Chairman Lee Kun-hee has for months been embroiled in the same bribery scandal that led to the impeachment of President Park Geun-hye in December.He is accused of paying tens of millions of dollars to ensure government support for a 2015 merger of Samsung affiliates, seen as key to the succession of power within the Lee family that rules South Korea's largest conglomerate.Prosecutors had failed to arrest Lee last month, unable to prove the necessity of his detention to Seoul Central District Court.Investigators bolstered their case ahead of the start of the hearing into the latest request Thursday, including with added charges related to concealing illegal profits and transferring assets abroad."Considering newly raised allegations and additionally collected evidence, the need for confinement is recognized," Seoul Central District Court Judge Han Jung-seok was "ed as saying by The Korea Times.A Samsung statement in response to the ruling vowed to try "to ensure that the truth is revealed in future court proceedings".Lee's defense has consistently been that Samsung paid out donations with no strings attached under pressure from the president.He can now be held for a maximum of 21 days until he is officially indicted -- a prosecution spokesperson said Friday he will be called straight in for questioning Saturday.With Samsung now having a leader in detention on criminal charges for the first time in its 79-year history, the company was immediately placed on "high alert" over the effects of a leadership vacuum, according to local news agency Yonhap.One area of business that could be affected is Samsung Electronics' $8 billion acquisition of American Harman tech firm. Harman shareholders are set to vote on the deal later this week. -


text:
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First Impressions Series: Transitioning and Surviving through the first semester of Business School
About a year ago, I started MBASchooled because I wanted to give an in-depth look of what it was like to be an MBA student. As a result of MBASchooled, thousands of perspective MBA applicants have gotten a clearer picture of what business school is like through the stories and lessons from current MBA students. One … [Read more…]


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Ifahamu Amazon Kindle, Muhimu sana!
Discussion in 'Tech, Gadgets & Science Forum' started by DesderyT, Apr 8, 2012.
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text: I got my R4i-Gold about 1~2 weeks ago, so far i've had to recharge my DS every day (If you know what I mean) But i've always wanted to get the cheats to work! The cheat file I have only works on Mario Kart. Is there any way for me to make it have cheats for other games? I've used the cheat file on the cheat website, but it still ONLY lets me cheat for Mario Kart. Any help or suggestions is appriciated. (So you know, I don't want suggestions like "Get a new card"..)


text:
An Algorithm for Portfolio Optimization with Transaction Costs
We consider the problem of maximizing an expected utility function of n assets, such as the mean-variance or power-utility function. Associated with a change in an asset's holdings from its current or target value is a transaction cost. This cost must be accounted for in practical problems. A straightforward way of doing so results in a 3n-dimensional optimization problem with 3n additional constraints. This higher dimensional problem is computationally expensive to solve. We present a method for solving the 3n-dimensional problem by solving a sequence of n-dimensional optimization problems, which accounts for the transaction costs implicitly rather than explicitly. The method is based on deriving the optimality conditions for the higher-dimensional problem solely in terms of lower-dimensional quantities. The new method is compared to the barrier method implemented in Cplex in a series of numerical experiments. With small but positive transaction costs, the barrier method and the new method solve problems in roughly the same amount of execution time. As the size of the transaction cost increases, the new method outperforms the barrier method by a larger and larger factor.
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Volume (Year): 51 (2005)
Issue (Month): 11 (November)
Pages: 1676-1688
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- De Panne, C & Whinston, Andrew, 1969. "The Symmetric Formulation of the Simplex Method for Quadratic Programming," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 37(3), pages 507-527, July.
- Robert R. Grauer & Nils H. Hakansson, 1993. "On the Use of Mean-Variance and Quadratic Approximations in Implementing Dynamic Investment Strategies: A Comparison of Returns and Investment Policies," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 39(7), pages 856-871, July.
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The Right Coast
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March 06, 2004
More on "Gimli"
By Mike Rappaport
A good piece on John Rhys-Davies, the actor who plays Gimli the Dwarf in Lord of the Rings. I have posted on his political views before. Rhys-Davies has sound views and is quite courageous. Here is how he first started to question his leftist views:
"Rhys-Davies used to be a radical leftist, as a university student in the '60s. He first started to come around when he went to the local hall to hear a young local member of parliament by the name of Margaret Thatcher. "I went to heckle her," Rhys-Davies says. "She shot down the first two hecklers in such brilliant fashion that I decided I ought for once to shut up and listen."


text:
Pittsfield Police Log for Monday, June 23
Monday, June 23
12;41 a.m.: Police investigate suspicious activity at the Mycom Credit Union on Fenn Street. Services are rendered.
1:48 a.m.: A stolen motor vehicle is reported at Family Dollar on North Street. Party is transported to hospital.
7:57 a.m.: Police investigate a burglary on Sadler Avenue.
9:14 a.m.: Police arrest Jacob Burrow, 31, of Oakhurst, Calif., on charges of disorderly conduct, resisting arrest, and assault and battery on a police officer.
10:00 a.m.: Sex offenses are reported at Reid Middle School on North Street. The matter is placed on file.
10:23 a.m.: Police arrest William Neronha, 44, address unknown, Pittsfield, on a warrant.
11:03 a.m.: Police investigate a past attempted burglary on Hubbard Avenue. Services are rendered.
12:19 a.m.: A residential fire alarm is reported on Pecks Road. The Fire Department is called.
1:22 p.m.: Police investigate road conditions on the railroad tracks overpass on Hubbard Avenue. Services are rendered.
3;20 p.m.: Police investigate vandalism at Victory Temple on Dewey Avenue.
4:35 p.m.: Police investigate a disturbance at the Intermodal Transportation Center on Columbus Avenue. Services are rendered.
5:03 p.m.: Police arrest Kenneth O. Diorio, 59, of North Street, on a charge of disturbing the peace, subsequent offense.
5;44 p.m.: Police perform a well-being check at Barton's Crossing on North Street. Party is transported to hospital.
7:29 p.m.: Police arrest Michael S. Hicks, 24, of Appleton Avenue, on a warrant.
8:18 p.m.: Police investigate an assault at St. Joseph Church on North Street. Services are rendered.
9:12 p.m.: Fireworks are reported at St. Mark's School on Columbus Avenue Extension. Party could not be located.
9:59 p.m.: Police investigate suspicious activity on West Street. Peace is restored.
11:58 p.m.: Police investigate soliciting/panhandling on Montvue Street. Services are rendered.
This is a partial list compiled from Pittsfield Police Department records. A charge is not a conviction. All persons listed are innocent until proven guilty. Charges can be amended or dismissed.
If you'd like to leave a comment (or a tip or a question) about this story with the editors, please email us. We also welcome letters to the editor for publication; you can do that by filling out our letters form and submitting it to the newsroom.


text:
My overactive imagination runs too wild too fast to spend too much time on details when expressing myself.
Biography: Shelly Haas' creativity and visual artistic talent were too "out-of-the-box" for educational standards during her childhood, so she went undiscovered by even herself until after college. After graduating from the University of Washington, her strong overactive imagination and her need to fulfill her artistic talent compelled her to explore creative outlets until coming to the conclusion that art was what she was born to do. She currently enjoys exploring minimalistic methods of art creation, which is both challenging for her to create and yet expressive enough for the viewer to understand and enjoy.
Country: United States
E-mail: email@example.com
Development by Magic Web Solutions.


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While prescription drugs and medical devices can cure medical conditions and save lives, they can also cause harm. Defective drugs and devices are known to cause severe adverse effects and death.
Fidelma Fitzpatrick has been named lead counsel of the Bayer Essure California state court. Alameda County Superior Court Judge Winifred Smith appointed her to head a five-member plaintiffs executive committee in the Essure litigation last month. Smith's order was made public on Jan. 6. About 50 lawsuits filed in California on behalf of more than 800 women allege Bayer failed to disclose its Essure contraceptive device could cause chronic pain, bleeding, and unintended pregnancies, among other side effects.
A man who suffered an adverse reaction after his hernia was patched with a polypropylene mesh product files suit this week in federal court claiming the product's maker, Atrium Medical Corp. (Atrium), was negligent and hid the device's dangers. Atrium was found in 1981 and delivers over 2.7 million medical products a year, one of which is its C-QUR polypropylene mesh with Omega 3 gel coating, more commonly known as fish oil.
Mirena is an intrauterine device (IUD) inserted to prevent pregnancy. The Mirena birth control implant releases the prescription medication levonorgestrel. In addition to previous lawsuits filed over other side effects, Bayer now faces at least 116 Mirena Pseudotumor Cerebri lawsuits in 17 federal jurisdictions. Bayer not only makes Mirena, it also makes troubled contraceptive device Essure.
When foods, drugs, medical devices, or cosmetics are found to be defective and hazardous, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will issue a recall. Since 2012, the FDA has recalled nearly 4,500 drug products for various reasons.
In the United States, a tort refers to a, "body of rights, obligations, and remedies that is applied by courts in civil proceedings to provide relief for persons who have suffered harm from the wrongful acts of others."
An MDL stands for multidistrict litigation and is a special legal procedure conducted in federal court that is designed to quickly conduct the handling of complex cases, which can include dangerous drug and medical device lawsuits.
It means the manufacturer made an error either in the design or the fabrication of a product that causes it to not work as intended. This can be especially dangerous in many cases, such as those of faulty medical devices and prescription drugs.
A defective design in a product is one that is so great, the product cannot be utilized for the purposes intended or is even made hazardous as a result of the defect, imperfection, or design flaw. In the case of medical devices, this can be a deadly mistake.


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South Jersey Real Estate Broker exposes a hidden deal killer
Yes…it's a killer and it's quite hidden until you know exactly where to look for it. So let's say you're selling your South Jersey home and of course the buyer has to get a mortgage, so it's quite normal to give them a mortgage contingency clause in the contract that says if for some reason they can't get a mortgage that they get their deposit back. That's fine. But what if they need to get a loan for thier DOWN PAYMENT ??!! For example, a home equity loan on thier current home that will be used as a down payment on the new home. Hmmmm, so now, if they don't get the home equity loan, they can't get the mortgage to buy YOUR home and they effectively have ANOTHER back door out of the deal… not good for the seller who is sitting around with the house off the market thinking everything is just peachy, until the phone rings and we're told the transaction is dead because of home equity loan that we never even knew about !
What's the solution? A diligent inquiry during the offer and negotiation stage and a well written contract to purchase. Knowing the right questions to ask and recognizing the red flags that alert us to ask these questions is critical. It's all about the experience ! ….and why you need an experienced agent on your side, representing your best interests. When hiring a real estate agent I recommend at least 10 years full time experience. If you need a South Jersey Broker to help guide you, I'd love to interview for the job…call or email me now.
Thanks for Reading!
Joe Montenigro
REMAX Home Team


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Prenuptial Agreements and Antenuptial Agreements in Florida
AT&T, Sprint & T-Mobile Users Can Dial: **LAWYERS
We can understand that sometimes discussing premarital agreements with your future spouse can be difficult and uncomfortable because we're real people, not emotionless law robots stuffed into 2,500 thread count suits.
We are people. We also happen to be Florida Family Law Lawyers.
A Prenuptial agreement in Florida is a contract between prospective spouses that determines how assets and certain legal matters will be treated in the event of a divorce. In Florida, a prenuptial agreement is also known as a premarital agreement, or an antenuptial agreement.
When most people think of prenuptial agreements, they incorrectly believe that a prenup is crafted exclusively in an attempt to protect the assets of the wealthier spouse. This is untrue, as a Florida Prenuptial agreement can be drafted to include far greater protections, and protect both spouses.
Prenuptial agreements have many uses. A prenuptial agreement can fix the amount of alimony in the event of divorce, protect children from earlier marriages in the case of death or divorce, protect a family owned business, avoid expensive litigation, limit the rights of a surviving spouses at incapacity or death, avoid protracted litigation allowing the parties to move on with their post divorce lives quickly, create agreement on how the marriage is going to operate, protect an inheritance in the event of death or divorce, and by their limitation, even provide a "Piece of Mind" to ensure that the parties are getting married for love, and not money.
Unfortunately, many people that would benefit from a Florida Prenuptial Agreement fail to pursue the agreement in a timely manner out of fear of upsetting or disturbing their future spouse. This is a grave mistake.
We handle family law matters such as Florida premarital agreements in Broward County, Miami Dade County, Palm Beach County, and many other cities and counties.
We can help you ensure that your premarital agreement benefits both parties, that the premarital agreement is read by both parties, that both parties are given adequate time required by law to contemplate the agreement, and that the agreement is properly executed and notarized.
We can negotiate, and draft your Florida Premarital Agreement which respects the rights of both individuals.
More importantly, we can help you achieve your premarital protection goals with respect, compassion, grace and deep understanding because we're people.
We also happen to be Florida Family Law Premarital Agreement Attorneys.
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text:
Have A Question?
Base Sq.Ft.: 1811
Bedrooms: 2
Bathrooms: 2
McKee Homes presents the Ducal—a beautiful cottage-style townhome with exteriors maintained by the community association in some neighborhoods.
The Ducal includes an optional gas-log fireplace, attached two-car garage with floored storage space, energy efficient construction including low-e windows, stainless steel appliances, granite kitchen countertops, hardwood and tile flooring, decorator-selected finishes, custom lighting, ceiling fans, and large walk-in closets.


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International Men's Day: Happy Men's Day
It sounds new. Doesn't it? Most of us are not even aware of this day. For a society, which is fighting hard to equalize the rights of women as same as the men, it's quite a tough challenge to remember this day. Thanks to the internet era, someone or the other reminds us of this 🙂
Wishing all the men, who have been a help to the society a very happy men's day. We can't dream of a happy nation without you.
What is Internation Men's Day?
International Men's Day is a day to celebrate the achievements and contributions of men for the society, family, and child care. The objective of International Men's Day is to focus on improving gender relations, promoting gender equality, discrimination between men and boys, improvement of men's and boys' health and also to promote the humanitarian values. It evokes the responsibility to work together to improve the lives of men and boys all over the globe.
When was this started?
Internation Men's Day was Inaugurated in 1999 in Trinidad and Tobago and now it is observed in Jamaica, United States, Australia, Argentina, India, China, United Kingdom and in more than 40 countries.
What is the theme of 2014 International Men's Day?
The theme of International men's Day is to Work Together for Men and Boys.
What can Men Do?
Here is an answer for all the men who asked me, "why a special day for women and why not for men." Share this article and let the other people know about it 🙂
Well, keeping my selfishness apart, I request you to wish others, spread the news and be kind enough to listen to their problems in life and help them as you could.
What Women can do?
First thing, wish the men. They deserve it. And on this day, let's rewind this line in our minds that "All men are not the same." Sometimes, as we undergo bad experiences with the men, we tend to believe that all are the same. but they aren't. Let's respect them for their individuality and let's appreciate them for their presence in our lives. We know life is never as beautiful without them.
On this day, let's appreciate the beautiful creation of nature. Let's respect both men and women equally and build a remarkable society for our future generation.
We have to agree by the words of Ban Ki-Moon,
"Achieving gender equality requires the engagement of women and men, girls and boys. It is everyone's responsibility."
Do join us for more such updates,


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A senior at Manual High School is making history as the youngest person ever to run for Denver Public Schools Board of Education.
Tay Anderson, 18, filed to run for the District Four seat, last month.
"I want to advocate for young people and the community, and I want to get teachers back into the process," Anderson said.
He said one of his top priorities if elected is community, and student and teacher input. Even before the election, he said he'll host town halls throughout the district so he can hear what everyone has to say.
"We actually need to start paying our teachers more," he said. "We need to start allowing our kids to have more diversity in the way that they have their advanced placement and IB programs which we lack a lot of at DPS."
He said he also wants more accountability and transparency within the DPS budget. He said he wants the community to feel like "they're back into what the board is deciding to vote on instead of being left out of the process."
The District Four seat incumbent is Rachele Espiritu. She said she hasn't decided if she'll run for the position.
Anderson will be a freshman at Metropolitan State University next year. He said he hopes to one day become Colorado's first African-American governor.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 6, 1998
|Filing date
|Dec 20, 1995
|Priority date
|Dec 20, 1995
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Alan F. Evans, Daniel A. Nolan
|Original Assignee
|Corning, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (22), Non-Patent Citations (14), Referenced by (48), Classifications (33), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to rare earth doped fiber having a large number of spins and which is suitable for use in amplified fiber optic systems.
Polarization hole-burning (PHB) and polarization-dependent gain (PDG) are two anisotropic gain effects that limit erbium-doped fiber-amplifier (EDFA) transmission systems of the prior art. While this is a relatively small effect in a single amplifier, it seriously reduces the signal-to-noise ratio in long haul, e.g., transoceanic systems because of the large number of cascaded EDFAs.
Polarization-hole burning occurs when a saturating light signal robs gain from any weaker light signal in the fiber with the same polarization as the stronger signal. As a result, the polarization orthogonal to saturating light signal experiences an enhanced (anisotropic) gain, ΔG. In fiber-amplifier transmission systems, randomly polarized amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise is present along with the gain saturating data signal. The ASE component orthogonal to the signal polarization experiences higher gain at each amplifier and grows faster than predicted. Since amplified systems usually operate in gain compression with constant amplifier output power, the fast growing ASE noise robs power from the data signal and the signal-to-noise ratio drops.
Polarization-dependent gain, on the other hand, is an anisotropic gain caused by the pump lightwave polarization. Erbium ions within the random distribution of orientations that are aligned along the same axis as the pump polarization are preferentially excited. Light with the same polarization de-exites these ions to experience excess gain in comparison to other polarizations. This also degrades the system performance.
Polarization properties of the incident light and within the amplifier gain can have a dramatic effect on PHB and PDG. The PHB effect was recently illustrated in highly birefringent erbium-doped fiber as reported by V. J. Mazurczyk and C. D. Poole, "The Effect Of Birefringence On Polarization Hole Burning In Erbium Dope Fiber Amplifiers," Proc. Optical Amplifier Conference, ThB3-1, 77-79, 1994. As shown by the authors, FIG. 1 illustrates the difference in gain for a probe signal polarization parallel vs perpendicular to a saturating signal as a function of the signal launch angle in a highly birefringent fiber. According to the bulk amplifier model, a maximum in gain anisotropy is expected for linear polarization and no anisotropy for circular polarization. Therefore, when the signal is launched along one of the birefringent axes (θ=0� or 90�) it stays linearly polarized and the greatest gain difference occurs. At 45�, the signal evolves through the greatest range of polarization states and averaging of the local differential gain throughout the amplifier reduces the overall gain difference. Randomizing the birefringence (as shown in FIG. 2 by winding the MgMy birefringent fiber of FIG. 1 on a 1" diameter dram) randomizes the polarization evolution and reduces ΔG. It is well known that conventional EDFAs have low birefringence (beat length of a few meters) so that random birefringence lowers the launch polarization dependence on gain even more (FIGS. 3 and 4). In fact, P. F. Wysocki, "Polarization hole-burning in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with birefringence," Optical Amplifier Conference, 80-82, ThB4-1, 1994. has quantified this dependence on degree of linearity (DOL) by the following equation: ##EQU1## In the above equation, DOP is the degree of polarization, DOL is the degree of linearity, L is the fiber length, and a is 1 or 2 for the partially or entire polarized portion of the signal respectively. The degree of linear polarization, DOL will average to 2/3 when integrated over the entire Pointare sphere. This is because two polarized waves will exhibit linear through circular states of polarization as the faster polarization passes by the slower polarization. This will occur many times in a typical erbium doped fiber, as discussed in the Wysocki Article.
The degree of polarization, DOP is defined using the "principal states of polarization." It is this parameter that is the subject of the present invention. The principal states refer to the polarization eigenfunctions (i.e., eigenpolarization) and in a straight elliptical fiber these states have eigenpolarizations along with the major and minor axis. These eigen-polarizations remain constant throughout the fiber, whereas the signal states of polarization traverse the Poincare sphere. In a twisted-elliptical fiber, for example, the eigenpolarizations are functions of the major and minor axis as well as the twist rate. One approach to reducing the DOP is by scrambling the polarization at the transmitter. This, however, has the disadvantage of requiring a costly active component to scramble the polarization.
The present invention is directed to minimizing the polarization dependent gain, ΔG, in equation 1, by minimizing the DOP. The DOP is defined by N. Gisin, in `The Statistics of Polarization Dependent Losses', Symposium on Fiber Optics Measurements`, NIST, p 193-196, 1994, for example, as:
where |M | is related to the stokes parameters, S1, S2, and S3 : M=(S1 2 +S2 2 +S3 2) 1/2/So and So is the total power. The vector M is related to the mixture of the two orthogonal polarization state because "unpolarized light can be considered as an equal mixture of orthogonal polarization states." The DOP can be then forced to zero by ensuring that there is equal power in both orthogonal polarizations.
The present invention is directed toward eliminating polarization hole burning and polarization dependent gain in amplified fiber optic systems. This is accomplished by minimizing the DOP by creating a large number of polarization mode coupling sites within the fiber that cause equal population of the two orthogonal states of polarizations. The creation of a large number of polarization mode coupling sites within the fiber ensures a high probability that equal populations of the polarization eigenstates will occur in a statistical sense as the light propagates down the doped fiber. Increased polarization mode coupling of the input signal will reduce polarization hole burning; increased mode coupling of the pump laser light will reduce polarization dependent gain.
In the present invention, spinning or twisting a single mode rare earth doped fiber through a range of rotation rates as shown in FIGS. 7-10, and alternating the direction of rotation introduces the necessary coupling between orthogonal polarization modes. This can be achieved in the fiber drawing process by spinning in a prescribed way so as to induce several if not many polarization mode coupling sites. The rotation rate is determined by the fiber birefringence, and the number of reversal rates is determined by the desired number of polarization mode coupling sites. Since the local birefringence within a segment of the fiber is unknown and can vary, a range of rates and reversal lengths rather than a fixed constant value is desired. Spinning of transmission fiber for reducing polarization mode dispersion is well known, while in the present invention, spinning of the amplifier fiber reduces two unrelated polarization effects.
It is well known that spinning or twisting fiber in a continuous or clockwise and counterclockwise direction can be used to reduce polarization mode dispersion, see for example Ulrich and Simon (Polarization Optics of Twisted Single Mode Fibers, Applied Optics Vol 18, No. 13, Jul. 1, 1979) and also Payne et at. (PCT Application No. 83/00232) and also Hart et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,298,047 and 5,418,881). Twisting in one direction reduces the time delay differences between the two polarization modes as the light propagates down the fiber as explained in Payne. Polarization mode coupling which results from twisting or spinning in both directions can be used to compensate the time delay differences. This is explained in Ulrich and Simon on p2250. The distance over which this mode exchange takes place can be rather large, for example, tens or even hundreds of meters. In fact, Ulrich and Simon propose that it can be done once in the middle of the transmission span. Little has been published as to how often this exchange should occur, but it should occur before random coupling effects cause mode mixing which eliminate the possibility of proper mode mixing for compensation.
With respect to PHB and PDG, the prior art is silent with respect to how spinning or twisting will minimize or even address these effects. The formulas developed in Hart et at. and in Payne et at. for PMD are not applicable for PHB and PDG. For these two phenomena, proposed mode coupling in the present invention is used to prevent the worse case situation where incident light in an EDFA fiber remains in that fiber in one polarization eigenstate as it propagates down the entire length of the fiber. By causing many polarization mode coupling sites in the fiber, it is ensured statistically that this worse case situation does not happen. In the present invention, these mode coupling sites occur at intervals of 1/2 meter or less. The spin rates are then dictated by the teachings developed by Ulrich and Simon.
Additionally, this polarization mode coupling effect may be further enhanced by fabricating a preform with a small but finite amount of birefringence through either form ellipticity or stress. In order that the birefringent length be known and therefore be better able to specify the spin and reversal lengths, we can fabricate the fiber with a finite birefringence. This birefringence can be added by forming the fiber with a small ellipticity or stress. Formulas for how ellipticity and stress effect birefringence are developed by Rashleigh (Origins and Control of Polarization Effects in Single Mode Fibers, Journal of Light Wave Technology, Vol. 1, No. 2, June 1983). Finite birefringence has at least two advantages. First, the finite-birefringence, doped fiber would be insensitive to additional twist birefringence and unintentional mode coupling caused by its tight coiling in the amplifier package. Second, a finite birefringence would dominate unintentional birefringence introduced during the fiber fabrication process. Hence, the required spin rate and reverse length would be clearly defined.
FIGS. 1-4 illustrate EDFA's of the prior art illustrating polarization hole burning or various birefringence and deployment.
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a fiber drawing apparatus suitable for use in carrying out the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a segment of an optical fiber made by the present invention.
FIGS. 7-10 illustrate various spin rates as a function of fiber length for making optical fiber of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of using optical fiber of the present invention in a rare earth doped fiber amplifier.
The present invention is illustrated with reference to the drawings where FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the fiber drawing apparatus 10 suitable for use in carrying out the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, a preform 12 is mounted vertically in the furnace 14 and heated until molten glass can be pulled from the preform in the form of a fine fiber 16. The fiber diameter is measured at a monitoring station 18 and the fiber then coated at a coater station 20 with a protective plastic layer (not shown) as it is continuously pulled from the preform. In the present invention, the fiber then passes through a series of rollers 22, 24 and 26 at least one of which (22) is rotated to cause a torque to be applied to the fiber at regular intervals alternately in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction as more fully described herein. After passing roller 26, the fiber is wound around storage drum 28.
The fiber drawing portion of the schematic described in FIG. 5 represents apparatus well known to those skilled in the art. The resultant fiber formed from the process illustrated in FIG. 5 is depicted in FIG. 6 which is a perspective view of a segment of a length of optical fiber made by the present invention. This fiber has alternating lengths of spin or twist which have been formed by applying torque alternately in the clockwise and then in the counterclockwise direction or visa versa, as described above. The spin or twist of this fiber is uniform in each alternating length. The reversal length is denoted as L and is the length, in meters, between spins in the opposite direction. The angle, θ in degrees or radians, denotes the total rotation the fiber undergoes in one direction before the sign of the rotation changes and the fiber spins or twists in the opposite direction. As shown in FIG. 6, a fiber segment 50 of the present invention is illustrated having an inner doped core 54 and a transparent outer glass cladding 52. For the fiber depicted in FIG. 6, with constant spin which alternates in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions, the spin rate in twists/meter is easily defined as θ/(360��L) if the angle is in degrees or θ/(2π�L) if the angle is in radian. More generally, the fiber can have nonuniform twist throughout its length. The parameters, θ and L, have the same definition but the spin rate becomes locally defined and can change value within a very small distance. The angle θ may vary from about 60� to 360� where 360� is a complete rotation. In some cases, 1 to 5 complete rotations may be employed. The local spin rate is related to the ratio of the instantaneous angle of rotation change to an infinitesimal length of fiber. In calculus notation, the local spin rate is 1/360 or 1/pi multiplied by dθ/dL.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,298,047 and 5,418,881 teach prior art techniques and apparatus which may be used in the present invention whereby torque can be applied by guide roller means causing the guide rollers to oscillate about an axis which is substantially normal to the fiber drawing direction and normal to the roller rotation direction. These references are incorporated herein by reference. In addition, published PCT application WO 83/00232 entitled "Optical Fibers And Their Manufacture," and M. J. Marrone et al. (Internal Rotation of the Birefringence Axes In Polarization Holding Fibers, 1987 Optical Society of America) also teach prior art techniques and apparatus for providing twists at regular intervals in an optical fiber. The torque to provide the twist may be accomplished either by rotating the preform or by the manipulation of guide rollers as taught by the prior art. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,509,968 and 4,308,045 also provides a device and method for impressing torsional stresses on a fiber which may be used in providing the spin or twist in fiber of the present invention and is incorporated herein by reference.
FIGS. 7-10 illustrate various spin rates as a function of the fiber length for use in the manufacture of optical fibers of the present invention. The most basic spin rate change along the fiber is illustrated in FIG. 10. Any spin function can be written as a linear superposition of constant and sinusoidal functions as illustrated in FIGS. 7-9. As previously described and illustrated in FIG. 6, the desired reversal length, L, is dependent on the desired number of the mode coupling sites, and the spin rate is dependent upon the fiber birefringence. The reversal length defines the period of the sinusoidal function in FIG. 10. However, the fiber must support mode-mixing sites at both the signal wavelength and the pump laser wavelength. Because the fiber birefringence is dependent on wavelength, the spin profile needs to be a superposition of two sinusolds, one to create mode-mixing at the signal wavelength and one to create mode-mixing at the pump laser wavelength. FIGS. 7-9 are spin functions created by mixing a fundamental sinusoid with different higher order harmonics. Therefore, in order to account for the variations in birefringence of the optical fiber, various other spin rates may be considered and used as described above. As the spin amplitude and frequency change, phase matched or nearly matched mode coupling can occur in a broad band of fiber birefringence. As previously stated above, the spin rate along the fiber length is largely dependent upon local birefringence. Rare earth doped single mode fibers of the present invention may be made using any one of the above spin rates or spin rates analogous thereto may be employed depending upon the birefringence of the fiber being processed.
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a rare earth doped fiber amplifier 30 which utilizes optical fiber produced by the present invention. In FIG. 11, a weak optical input signal 32 enters from the left passing through a wavelength division multiplexing coupler 34 which combines it with light from an external pump source 38. The pump and the signal light then enters one end of an erbium doped fiber 36, typically 20 to 30 meters long. The light from the pump excites the dopant atoms raising them to a higher energy level. Light at the signal wavelength stimulates the excited atoms to deexcite down to their Found state and emit the excess light energy at the signal wavelength, the amplified signal 40 is then directed to the output fiber.
The present invention is applicable to any single mode rare earth doped fiber, but erbium-doped fibers are used in the particular embodiments described herein. Typically these fibers have an outer diameter of about 125 microns and an inner core having a diameter of about 5 to 6 microns.
The fiber core and cladding are preferably made of high purity fused silica. In general, several twists per meter, as dictated by the birefringence of the fiber, are impressed upon the fiber with an alternative torque being applied at intervals of about 1/2 meter or less. Typically, about 1 to 4 twists per meter are satisfactory.
While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the preferred mode as illustrated in the drawings, it will be understood by one skilled in the art that various changes in detail may be effected therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
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|Bell Telephone Labor Inc
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|Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated
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|Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated
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|Sep 29, 1981
|Canadian Patents & Development Ltd.
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|Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated
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|Sep 27, 1982
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|Device for providing a drawn fiber-like object with a helical structure
|Sep 30, 1985
|May 26, 1987
|Andrew Corporation
|Method for making self-aligning optical fiber with accessible guiding region
|Oct 29, 1985
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|Andrew Corporation
|Single mode, single polarization optical fiber with accessible guiding region and method of forming directional coupler using same
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|Method of manufacturing optical fibres
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|Method of making a fiber having low polarization mode dispersion due to a permanent spin
|Apr 30, 1993
|May 3, 1994
|At&T Bell Laboratories
|Technique utilizing stress-induced birefringence for reducing polarization dependent hole-burning in an amplified optical transmission system
|May 28, 1993
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|At&T Bell Laboratories
|Optical fiber for wavelength division multiplexing
|Apr 13, 1993
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|Alcatel, N.V.
|Method and apparatus for fabricating an oval cross-sectional optical waveguide
|Oct 3, 1994
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|At&T Corp.
|Article comprising optical fiber having low polarization mode dispersion, due to permanent spin
|Jul 7, 1982
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|Payne, David, Neil
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|Fabrication of Circularly Birefringent Single Mode Fibers, S.C. Rashleigh, Navy Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 5, No. 12, Dec. 1980.
|Internal Rotation of the Birefringence Axes in Polarization Holding Fibers, M.J. Marrone, C.A. Villarruel, N.J. Frigo, and A. Dandridge, 1987, Optical Society of America. No Month.
|Internal Rotation of the Birefringence Axes in Polarization-Holding Fibers, M.J. Marrone, C.A. Villarruel, N.J. Frigo, and A. Dandridge, 1987, Optical Society of America. No Month.
|Low birefringence Single Mode Optical Fibers: Preparation and Polarization Characteristics H. Schneider, H. Harms, A. Papp, and H. Aulich, 1 Oct. 78, vol. 17, No. 19, Applied Optics.
|Low-birefringence Single-Mode Optical Fibers: Preparation and Polarization Characteristics H. Schneider, H. Harms, A. Papp, and H. Aulich, 1 Oct. 78, vol. 17, No. 19, Applied Optics.
|Origins and Control of Polarization Effects in Single Mode Fibers, S.C. Rashleigh, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 1, No. 2, Jun. 1983.
|Polarization Hole Burning In Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers With Birefringence, P.F. Wysocki, Process Optical Amplifier Confernece, ThB4 1, 1994. No Month.
|Polarization Hole Burning In Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers With Birefringence, P.F. Wysocki, Process Optical Amplifier Confernece, ThB4-1, 1994. No Month.
|Polarization Optics of Twisted Single Mode Fibers, R. Ulrich and A. Simon, 1 Jul. 1979, vol. 18, No. 13, Applied Optics.
|Polarization Optics of Twisted Single-Mode Fibers, R. Ulrich and A. Simon, 1 Jul. 1979, vol. 18, No. 13, Applied Optics.
|The Effect of Birefringence on Polarization Hole Burning In Erbium Dope Fiber Amplifiers, V.J. Mazurczyk and C.D. Poole, Process Optical Amplifier Conference, ThB3 1, 77 79, 1994. No Month.
|The Effect of Birefringence on Polarization Hole Burning In Erbium Dope Fiber Amplifiers, V.J. Mazurczyk and C.D. Poole, Process Optical Amplifier Conference, ThB3-1, 77-79, 1994. No Month.
|The Statistics of Polarization Dependent Losses , Symposium on Fiber Optics Measurements, N. Gisin, NIST, 1994. No Month.
|The Statistics of Polarization Dependent Losses', Symposium on Fiber Optics Measurements, N. Gisin, NIST, 1994. No Month.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 25, 1997
|Oct 13, 1998
|Corning, Inc.
|Fiber for reduced polarization effects in amplifiers
|Jan 21, 1997
|Aug 24, 1999
|Corning Incorporated
|Frequency and amplitude modulated fiber spins for PMD reduction
|May 6, 1999
|Jun 5, 2001
|Corning Incorporated
|Frequency and amplitude modulated fiber spins for PMD reduction
|Mar 27, 1998
|May 28, 2002
|Irma America, Inc.
|Scanning temporal ultrafast delay methods and apparatuses therefor
|Dec 20, 2001
|May 18, 2004
|Furukawa Electric North America Inc
|Method of impressing a twist on a multimode fiber during drawing
|May 12, 2000
|Sep 14, 2004
|Fujikura Ltd.
|Method for measuring the twisting of an optical fiber, and a method and apparatus for manufacturing optical fibers
|Aug 30, 2001
|Jan 4, 2005
|Novera Optics, Inc.
|Optical fiber cladding with low polarization dependence and an acousto-optic tunable filter with low polarization dependent loss achieved through thermal annealing
|Mar 20, 2003
|Apr 5, 2005
|Corning Incorporated
|Method of making a spun optical fiber with low polarization mode dispersion
|Jan 22, 2002
|Jul 26, 2005
|Novera Optics, Inc.
|Optical fiber cladding with low polarization-dependent coupling
|Sep 30, 2003
|Jan 31, 2006
|Corning Incorporated
|Method of making spun optical fiber with low PMD
|Dec 14, 2001
|Mar 21, 2006
|Pirelli S.P.A.
|Method for producing an optical fibre telecommunications cable with reduced polarization mode dispersion
|Sep 26, 2002
|Apr 25, 2006
|Fitel Usa Corp.
|Methods and apparatuses for correcting mechanical twist in optical fiber
|Feb 25, 2004
|May 9, 2006
|Furukawa Electric North America
|Multimode optical fibers with increased bandwidth
|Dec 16, 2004
|Jan 8, 2008
|Corning Incorporated
|Method of imparting twist to optical fiber
|Dec 16, 2004
|May 19, 2009
|Prysmian Cavi E Sistemi Energia S.R.L.
|Low polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) optical fiber link, and method of making the same
|Jan 18, 2002
|Aug 25, 2009
|Imra America, Inc.
|Scanning temporal ultrafast delay methods and apparatuses therefor
|Feb 21, 2006
|Mar 2, 2010
|Corning Incorporated
|Optical fiber and a method for fabricating a low polarization-mode dispersion and low attenuation optical fiber
|Mar 26, 2003
|Jan 4, 2011
|Corning Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for impulsively spinning optical fiber
|Jul 29, 2009
|Sep 11, 2012
|Imra America, Inc.
|Scanning temporal ultrafast delay and methods and apparatuses therefor
|Oct 19, 2009
|May 21, 2013
|Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for producing optical fiber
|Aug 2, 2012
|Jan 14, 2014
|Imra America, Inc.
|Scanning temporal ultrafast delay and methods and apparatuses therefor
|Dec 2, 2010
|Dec 30, 2014
|Ofs Fitel, Llc
|Techniques for manipulating crosstalk in multicore fibers
|Aug 30, 2001
|Apr 18, 2002
|Hyo-Sang Kim
|Optical fiber cladding with low polarization dependence and an acousto-optic tunable filter with low polarization dependent loss achieved through thermal annealing
|Jan 18, 2002
|Jul 25, 2002
|Imra America, Inc.
|Scanning temporal ultrafast delay methods and apparatuses therefor
|Jan 22, 2002
|Oct 10, 2002
|Sorin Wayne V.
|Optical fiber cladding with low polarization-dependent coupling
|Nov 9, 2001
|Jan 16, 2003
|Eisuke Sasaoka
|Method and apparatus for manufacturing optical fiber
|Dec 20, 2001
|Jul 10, 2003
|Digiovanni David John
|Multimode optical fibers wih increased bandwidth
|Dec 30, 2002
|Jul 17, 2003
|Chang-Woong Jeong
|Spinning device for low polarization mode dispersion of optical fiber
|Sep 26, 2002
|Apr 1, 2004
|Fitel Usa Corp.
|Methods and apparatuses for correcting mechanical twist in optical fiber
|May 1, 2003
|Apr 1, 2004
|Garner Harry Douglas
|Apparatuses and methods for imparting mechanical twist in optical fibers
|Dec 14, 2001
|Apr 29, 2004
|Franco Cocchini
|Method for producing an optical fibre telecommunications cable with reduced polarization mode dispersion
|Mar 26, 2003
|Sep 2, 2004
|Xin Chen
|Method and apparatus for impulsively spinning optical fiber
|Mar 20, 2003
|Sep 23, 2004
|Xin Chen
|Method of making a spun optical fiber with low polarization mode dispersion
|Feb 25, 2004
|Nov 18, 2004
|Digiovanni David John
|Multimode optical fibers with increased bandwidth
|Sep 30, 2003
|Mar 31, 2005
|Xin Chen
|Method of making spun optical fiber with low PMD
|Aug 6, 2004
|Sep 8, 2005
|Sung-Koog Oh
|Apparatus and method for drawing optical fiber
|Dec 16, 2004
|Jun 22, 2006
|Xin Chen
|Method of imparting twist to optical fiber
|Feb 21, 2006
|Jun 29, 2006
|Allen Martin W
|Optical fiber and a method for fabricating a low polarization-mode dispersion and low attenuation optical fiber
|Dec 16, 2004
|Sep 20, 2007
|Prysmian Cavi Sistemi Energia S.R.L,
|Low Polarisation Mode Dispersion (PMD) Optical Fiber Link, and Method of Making the Same
|Dec 2, 2010
|Jun 2, 2011
|Ofs Fitel, Llc
|Techniques for Manipulating Crosstalk in Multicore Fibers
|Oct 19, 2009
|Aug 18, 2011
|Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for producing optical fiber
|Apr 28, 2010
|Nov 3, 2011
|Xin Chen
|Methods For Determining The Rotational Characteristics Of An Optical Fiber
|May 25, 2012
|Dec 27, 2012
|Fujikura Ltd.
|Optical fiber and method and apparatus for manufacturing optical fiber
|Nov 22, 2002
|Jul 9, 2003
|FITEL USA CORPORATION, (A Delaware Corporation)
|Multimode optical fibers with increased bandwith
|Nov 22, 2002
|Sep 15, 2004
|FITEL USA CORPORATION, (A Delaware Corporation)
|Multimode optical fibers with increased bandwith
|Sep 10, 2004
|Sep 7, 2005
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for drawing an optical fibre
|Sep 10, 2004
|Apr 26, 2006
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for drawing an optical fibre
|Nov 9, 2001
|Aug 15, 2002
|Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for manufacturing optical fiber
|U.S. Classification
|65/402, 385/28, 65/444, 372/6, 65/438, 65/435, 65/390
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 16, 1996
Owner name: CORNING INCORPORATED, NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:EVANS, ALAN F.;NOLAN, DANIEL A.;REEL/FRAME:008278/0476
Effective date: 19961203
|Jun 29, 2001
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jul 6, 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jul 6, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
People are becoming more and more interested in natural remedies. I have collected many books over the years on the subject and have tried some myself. I have also used them on my cats, with great results. A word of caution: natural remedies have to used with caution just as you would regular medications. Be sure you read up on what something does and what the side effects might be and always ask your vet about it first. I am going to tell you about three of the things I've tried and how successful they were.
Calendula for cat acne and healing
When I saw my first case of cat acne, I was horrified and had no idea what it was. My cats chin was totally black and I rushed him to the vet. Turned out it was acne and he gave me some cream to use. Well, that didn't work, so I went back and he gave me another cream to use. That didn't work as well and I was out quite a bit of money and frustrated that I couldn't get rid of my cats acne! I went to my natural cat books and read about Calendula. It is very safe to use and so I tried it. You can get it in liquid form which you can mix with some water. I started cleaning his chin with this mixture and I could not believe the results. Within two days his acne was gone! I continued to wipe his chin for a few days after that and then stopped. Not only did it clear it up, he never got acne again.
Calendula is also great for cuts or minor wounds. It heals very quickly, so the only thing you have to be careful of is if the wound could be abscessed. If so, the abscess must be thoroughly drained before putting calendula on it. The calendula heals so quickly that if there is any infection left, it will heal over and another abscess could form. However, with minor cuts and wounds, this usually isn't a problem. Just clean the area well first and then apply the calendula. It is amazing stuff!
Echinacea for ringworm
When one of my cats got ringworm, I took him to the vet and was given medication to put on him. Again, it didn't seem to be working, so I went back to my books on natural remedies and found out about echinacea. I got just pure echinacea tincture and started using that. He had the ringworm over a good portion of his body and it cleared up in a very short time. Herbal remedies really do work much better sometimes than traditional medications. They are also less expensive, which certainly helps too. I don't know how much money I've spent over the years at the vets with treatments that didn't work. That's not to say that there aren't times when the medications they give you aren't necessary and the only thing that would help, but there are many times the herbal remedies work not only better, but are also safer.
Flower Essences
To be honest, when I first read about flower essences, I was quite skeptical. How could an energetic imprint of a flower help? It was something I didn't even totally comprehend, let alone believe could work. However, the more I read about them, the more I thought they might be worth a try. I have never read anything about bad side effects of these and they are thought to be completely safe. These are for emotional problems our pets have, like being overly aggressive or extremely timid. One of them, Bach Flower Rescue Remedy (which is probably the best known brand of flower essences and has been around for a very long time) is for any kind of emotional stress. I tried it on some of my cats before taking them to the vet. I would squirt the recommended dosage in their mouths and they didn't seem to mind the taste, which was a welcome relief.
I won't say that it calmed them down completely, like a sedative would, but they did seem less stressed out by the visit. Some people put a few drops in their pets water bowls and they swear they find their animals calmer. This is not just for animals and I have tried it myself. I did feel calmer after using it. This is nothing extreme, but it proves to me that it does help. There are many different flower essence formulas for many different problems. They are certainly worth a try.
So, these are just three natural products I have tried and had success with. I try to use natural products whenever possible for everything from health issues to cleaning products. I think they are definitely safer and less harmful to the body. Get a good book on natural pet remedies and read up. There are some wonderful products that will benefit your pets.
I have used the company below for years and highly recommend it! Just click below to go directly there and discover what natural pet products are about.


text:
Introducing our newest on-street bikeway: Holman through midtown. In the spirit of remaining positive and celebrating small victories we want to introduce you to the Holman project.
Holman runs through Midtown passing light rail stops and HCC to just under Spur 527. There it stops and has a little sidewalk connection to Hawthorne and Montrose. Midtown has done a good job with Holman street improvements so go check it out, it will officially open later in Spring! Of course, we have noticed how Holman street could be more comfortable, this signs on Holman should read 'bikes may use a full lane' not 'share the road' and it would be great to have big sharrows in the roadway making it more like a true high comfort bicycle boulevard/neighborhood route. But it is a clear improvement and our disconnected pieces of bikeways are becoming a network bit by bit. BikeHouston is pushing for and celebrating each little improvement, while continually asking for better.
Now we are advocating to make the final, critical 100 foot connection to Montrose neighborhood and all western destinations safe. Currently there is a very poorly marked, little hole in the wall connection.
Update – Meeting Feb. 16th attended by Montrose District, Midtown District, City of Houston and Tx-DOT to discuss improving this intersection to make connection onto Hawthorne. Next steps are determine who will be able to work on which part of the improvements (intersection paint, signage, tree cutting etc.), who will pay for it, and how quickly can we get it done? BikeHouston will continue to birddog this project till we get the intersection improvements we need to have a safe connection.
Update – Email sent by BikeHouston – 2/7/2017
BikeHouston reached out to the Districts involved with this project to ensure some concerns are addressed early on.
Email sent by BikeHouston – 10/1/2017
We will continue to update you on this project as it develops. You can see more pictures of the lane and intersections we are referring to HERE.
You can help: join us as a member or volunteer.


text:
Last week I got to be a stay at home dad with my four kids while my wife was in Florida cheering on her brother as he competed in his first Ironman. The verdict is still out on which is harder: an Ironman or solo-parenting 4 kids. My hat is off to moms…that's all I can say.
During my stint as Mr. Mom, I was reminded of a few things…
1. I'm not qualified to style my 7 year old daughter's Rapunzel length hair.
2. Potty training is harder than it looks.
3. The best way to end a tantrum is to duplicate it.
4. It's really not that hard to eat an entire box of mac n' cheese.
5. 2 year olds say "Cuz whhhhhy?" a lot
It is the 5th observation that has stuck with me. My little 2 year old daughter is incredibly curious. She wants to know everything. How does that work? Why do you do that? Why is the sky blue? Why are your teeth yellow? Her thirst for knowledge is insatiable. She has to know everything because she wants to be able to do everything. She wants to do everything her big brothers and sisters do. Her second favorite line is, "NO! I DO IT!" Usually, she is screaming it. She has passion. You have to give her that.
My point in sharing this is that I've noticed a striking similarity between great leaders and my 2 year old. Great leaders, like a 2 year old, have an all-consuming vision of what they want to be, or what they want their organization to be. This vision drives their behavior and their language. For my daughter, it is being just like her older siblings. She will do ANYTHING to make this possible. For great leaders, the vision varies, but focusing on the vision is no less important.
Secondly, like a 2 year old, great leaders ask a ridiculous amount of questions. My daughter knows she doesn't know everything. She unashamedly asks about everything. Often, her questions make her sound pretty dumb, but she doesn't care in the slightest.
"Daddy, where is Mommy?"
"She's on an airplane."
"Cuz whhhhhy?"
"She's coming home."
"Cuz whhhhhy?"
"Because she wants to see you"
"Cuz whhhhhy?"
"How about we take a break from asking questions."
Great leaders ask questions and genuinely listen because great leaders understand that they don't know everything The are inquisitive because they are so passionate about their vision. Mediocre leaders already know. They aren't interested because they've already figured it out. They are more interested in telling you what they already know and what you don't know.
If you want to be a great leader, focus on clarifying your vision. Who do you want to be? What do you want your organization to be. Let this vision drive you. Secondly, ask bazillions of questions. Never stop being inquisitive. Never become such an expert that you already know everything. The key to growth is constant learning and the key to constant learning is constantly asking questions. Be like a 2 year old.


text:
A 14-year-old could have hacked into the emails of Hillary Clinton campaign chairman John Podesta, WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange told Fox News' Sean Hannity in an exclusive interview.
Hannity interviewed Assange in person at the Ecuadorian embassy in London, where Assange has taken refuge.
"We published several … emails which show Podesta responding to a phishing email," Assange said on Hannity Tuesday night.
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"Podesta gave out that his password was the word 'password.' His own staff said this email that you've received, this is totally legitimate. So, this is something … a 14-year-old kid could have hacked Podesta that way," Assange said.
TRENDING: LiAngelo Ball Tells Truth About The Day He Said 'Thank You' To President
Assange's comments were seized upon by President-elect Donald Trump, who has voiced skepticism over the Obama administration's allegations that Russia hacked the Democratic National Committee and Podesta.
Julian Assange said "a 14 year old could have hacked Podesta" – why was DNC so careless? Also said Russians did not give him the info!
— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) January 4, 2017
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Trump also noted Assange's allegation that the American news media were "dishonest."
"@FoxNews: Julian Assange on U.S. media coverage: "It's very dishonest." #Hannity pic.twitter.com/ADcPRQifH9" More dishonest than anyone knows
— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) January 4, 2017
Assange noted in his interview that there is one section of the intelligence report used by President Obama to justify the expulsion of Russian diplomats and his sanctions against Russia that is too often overlooked.
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"On the top [of the report], there is a disclaimer, saying … there is no guarantee that any of this information is accurate," Assange told Hannity. "There's nothing in that report that says that any information was given to us. Nothing."
Assange has said that Russia did not give WikiLeaks any of the documents it leaked.
During his interview with Hannity, Assange said Clinton made "almost no attempt" to protect her emails while she was secretary of state.
"Now, was she trying to keep them secure from Republicans? Probably," Assange said. "But in terms of [nation-]states, almost no attempt."
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Assange also told Hannity that if he had embarrassing information about Trump he would publish it.
"There's no sources coming out through other journalists … and saying, 'We gave WikiLeaks all this information about Donald Trump or … Vladimir Putin and you know what? They didn't publish it.' No one has come out and said that," Assange said. "If they did, that would hurt our reputation for trust for our sources."
Assange said Democrats who criticize WikiLeaks for publishing emails they wish the public never saw have not learned their lesson.
"It's the same reason why they lost the election, which is instead of focusing on substance, they focused on other things [like] this attempt to say how outrageous it is that the American public received true information before an election," Assange said. "The public doesn't buy that. They want as much true information as possible."


text:
Lodi Services provides our customers with helpful tips to keep you well-informed when taking care of the needs of your home and family.
Be Aware
Not all heating specialists have the same work ethic and expertise as Lodi Services. Furnace scams are happening more often. One of the more popular scams is when a repair man tells you that you have cracks in your heat exchanger, when in fact, you may not. To learn more about this troubling trend and how to protect yourself, watch this video. And remember, here at Lodi Services we do everything in our power to protect our customers from unethical repairmen in order to provide trustworthy and affordable service.
Heating Tips
Cooling Tips
Tips for Hiring a Heating and Cooling Contractor


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text: This is the newest member of our equine family, a female small size mule that we named Cherry. She is way beyond her mid thirties but at least her owner understood that Cherry could not work any longer and decided to retire her at the shelter, the other happy ending of this story is that he contacted us instead of walking her for endless miles -like many others do and just tie up at the gate to cover their identity… So Cherry got a ride on the truck from Oia where she was working to Karterados. The first few days she seemed quite timid and would not mingle with her new buddies… these fears belong to the past as Cherry is really enjoying her new home and has even learned to open the double door to treat herself with the apples! Welcome Cherry, your days of hard service are now over!


text:
AWP 2013: Ruminations
I moved to Boston for grad school nearly seven years ago, which is crazy to think about. It was my first time living away from home as an adult, the first place I had my own apartment, the first city I got to know on my own terms. I lived there for four years, and sometimes I miss it. I don't go back nearly enough, but I returned this weekend for the annual AWP conference.
For those who don't know, AWP is the Association of Writers and Writing Programs, and each year they put on the country's largest literary conference. My first AWP was in New York, back in 2008. I was still a grad student at that point, and AWP was basically a big party. I attended many, many panels, wandered around the massive book fair probably ten times, and went to the dance party every night (yes, there's a dance party with an open bar every night at these things…just use your imagination)…before going to find another bar. It was overwhelming, frenetic, and tons of fun.
I went back for another round in 2009, this time in a more official capacity, as I was manning the booth for my company. I was out of school, working full-time in textbook publishing, and this made for quite a different AWP experience. (Also, it was February in Chicago…yeah.) I took an author out to dinner for the first time, had work meetings, and set up and took down the table all on my own. I also found time to go to a few panels and explore the book fair. I may have even visited the dance party. Many of my friends were also in attendance, so it was still fun, but more exhausting than the year before. It was less about writing and more about working and the business behind the writing.
So it's been four years since my last AWP experience, but this year was in Boston, and I couldn't resist at least checking it out for one day. The last day of the conference, the book fair is free and open to the public, and there are also many events that are public. I met a friend to take on the book fair, and we ran into another friend at the entrance. Neither of my friends had ever been to AWP before and I think they were a bit shell-shocked, and I was too. Somehow, it seemed bigger and more daunting than it ever had before. We circled around all THREE cavernous exhibit spaces, wide-eyed and open-mouthed. After a few aimless circles, we staked out a table and just talked–catching up, talking about writing. In many ways, that part was more helpful than the book fair itself. My comrades decided they'd seen enough, and left, but not before two more friends came to meet me. So we circled some more. And I still failed to stop at any tables or talk to anyone (beyond the people I already knew, who were sprinkled around in various capacities, it being a literary conference in Boston). I don't know what I was looking for, but I think at the back of my mind, I had been hoping to talk to some journals, scope out possibilities for submitting, discover new publications. Instead, I just walked around goggle-eyed and overwhelmed. I let it all intimidate me, just like the process of writing itself.
I went to Boston to see friends and be in the city, primarily. But I also wanted to go back to AWP as a kind of motivational tool for my writing, fledgling and fragile as it is right now. This blog has been one of my only writing outlets for the last few years, and while that's been helpful, it's not enough. Luckily, I joined a few of my friends in a writing group a few months ago, and that's been a huge motivator in terms of getting writing again. I've been working on a couple of short fiction pieces, and I hope to someday actually get up the courage to submit something…somewhere. Maybe even get it published.
This is all to say that yes, I was intimidated by AWP and I didn't exactly do what I set out to do at the book fair. But I had the opportunity to hear about and talk about writing for a weekend, and be in the place where writing became a bigger part of my life, and listen to some of my favorite writers talk about writing (more on that later this week), and all of that has actually inspired me to persevere and keep writing. And if that's not the ultimate goal of being a writer, then I don't know what is.
Raquel permalinkMarch 12, 2013
It was like dozens of penguins having an orgy while Dean Martin is playing. (I think I remembered that marvelous line sort of correctly?)
March 12, 2013
glad you were able to make it out. it sounds like the event is something that gives you great motivation. looking forward to reading about what the writers had to say. good luck to you on your journey.
Kelli permalinkMarch 13, 2013
I was so glad I ran into you two — it made an overwhelming event less so…and I actually really appreciated our career/writing chat. A valuable use of our time, for sure. Hope the rest of the weekend and your AWP experience was just as good.