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Monday, 22 June 2009
The Finished Video
Our video is now complete, and as I write this, we are exporting the movie file. I'm pleased with the end result. If we had better luck with our contacts, we would have better footage to work with, but with what we had to work with, I think we did ourselves proud. The video is on the short side, scraping just 3 minutes, but it's quality that counts and, with what we had, I don't think we could have done any better.
Posted by Ross Thompson at 15:38
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Реферат: A Country Report and Profile - Republic of Uzbekistan
A CountryReport and Profile
AlfiyaG. Mirzagalamova firstname.lastname@example.com
Jason C. Holman jholman@indinanaeduDmitriMaslitchenko firstname.lastname@example.com
The concept of transition of the Republic ofUzbekistan to the market economy consists of five principles formulated by itsPresident Islam Karimov:
1. Economy should have priority overpolitics. Economic reforms should not follow the lead of political processes.
2. The State is the main reformer. Therepresentatives of legally elected authorities have to determine priorities andpursue balanced policy of no socialshocks.
3. Along with economic reforms it isnecessary to create a system of social protection of the Republic population especially of most vulnerablegroups.
4. Superiority of Law and Constitution.
5. Stage by stage movement to the marketeconomy. The transition to next stage only after the current stage targets havebeen met..
[1]I. Politicaland Economic Background
To understand the politics of Uzbekistan it isimportant to delve into it=smost recent history. The leader from1959-1983 was Sharaf Rashidov,who ruled in a quasi-feudal fashion, much like the newly elected leader. Rashidov kept theUSSR content through a combination of patronage, corruption, and repressivebehavior. Once Mikhail Gorbachev was elected, Rashidovwas the prime target for his drive to eliminate corruption. Although there was an upsurge of nationalidentity among the Uzbeks and a feeling ofvictimization by the thousands of corrupt officials who where soon imprisoned,incredibly through more repression the elections for new leaders would gounopposed. The Republic of Uzbekistan declared its independence from theformer Soviet Union on August 31, 1991. Although it was not recognized by the United States until December 25,1992. Uzbekistan is a member of theUnited Nations and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Although Glasnost led to many open media discussionsof the environment and ethnic issues, the elections held in 1990 wereone-sided. The main opposition party wasnot allowed to stand, therefore leaving many communist candidates to beelected. Islam Karimov was first elected President in 1990 by theSupreme Soviet and later was reelected by a popular vote in 1991.
In 1995 Karimov held anational referendum which would extend his term into the year 2000. He had 99% of the electorate=s support. Karimov proclaimshe is a supporter ofAEastern Democracy.@ He stresses the importance of stability ofeastern democracy over it=swestern counterpart. The stability that Karimovsuggests many believe is just a ploy for Karimov touse his dictatorship power to cling to the old world status. Karimov is one ofthe strongest supporters of continued cooperation among the SovietRepublics. Karimovsupported the new Union Treaty in spring of 1991 and did not oppose the August1991 coup in Moscow. Once the coupcollapsed Uzbekistan declared independence. Karimov proclaims Uzbekistan is a multipartysystem, yet the Erk (Freedom) Democratic Party, the Birlik (Unity) People=s Movement (BPM) andthe Islamic rebirth Party (IRP) have been banned.
[2]Policy makersstill remain suspicious of unregulated market mechanisms, although Karimov officiallycommits to a market-oriented reform. Prices were slowly liberalized and the new trade policies are lessharmful toward exports. The importtariffs proposed in 1993 are preferential toward CIS communities and extra lowtariffs toward Central Asian countries. It is going to be very difficult for him to explain why many of theneighboring Central Asian countries are becoming richer through liberalizationand privatization while Uzbekistan continues to stay stable, but poorer thenthe other nations. Karimovstresses stability as a reason why Uzbekistan has not seen the high inflation ratescharacteristic to other CIS communities in transition.
2Karimov giveslittle mention to human rights. Hebelieves that economic stability is necessary for socio-politicalstability. In his new book, Along theRoad of Deepening Economic Reform, Karimov states, Apreparation,discussion and adoption of fundamental laws regulating and providing guaranteesof human rights and freedoms, rights and freedoms of public organizations andfreedom of conscience and religion have been something principally new inpractical law making in this country.@ He also briefly mentions the women=s rights andacknowledges their special role as Awomen-mothers@and presses for better child care provisions.
3At independence,the economy was dominated by cotton production. Uzbekistan hoped to benefit from this by selling the cotton on theinternational market, but the early 1990s were a time of depressed prices onworld cotton markets. This created adispute with Russia, which responded by seeking to purchase cotton on the worldmarket. Uzbekistan lost a considerable amount of revenue due to this conflictwith Russia. Eventually the twocountries reached an agreement to barter Uzbek cottonfor Russian petroleum products.
Other important agricultural products include grain,fruit, vegetables and natural silk from cocoons. The main problem of Uzbekistan is that aboutthree-fifths of the country is desert or semi-arid desert: almost allcultivated land must be irrigated. Thishas resulted in the gradual drying up of the AralSea. By the 90's the available watersupply had been exhausted to the point that there was no possibility ofincreasing the amount of land used for agricultural purposes. Grain production only covers a quarter of Uzbekistan=stotal consumption. Therefore Uzbekistanrelies heavily on imports from countries such as the United States to supporttheir supply of grain. Uzbekistancomplains that the USSR destroyed it=sgrain-growing capacity in order tocreate the cotton monoculture. This has remained a very difficult obstaclefor Uzbekistan and grain continues to be a major import.
4Uzbekistan=s other primaryproduct exports include gas and minerals. Uzbekistan has few energy sources besides gas and untapped hydropower. Although a major oil field wasrecently discovered in the Fergana Valley in1992. Uzbekistan is the largest importerof oil by all the CARs. The most accessible mineral export is gold,of which Uzbekistan was the USSR=s second-largest producer. Joint ventures are bringing foreigntechnology to exploit Uzbekistan gold mines. Other mineral deposits include silver, lead, copper, zinc, andtungsten. Uzbekistan=s minerals have alow ore content, which suggests that it would not be as valuable on the worldmarket.
5After World WarII, Soviet resources were concentrated on rebuilding industrial enterprises inEuropean areas. With less investment thegrowth rate of Uzbekistans industry declined. Therewas a long trend of falling industrial growth rates. Manufacturing industry in Uzbekistan wasoriginally developed in close relation to its primary product base which ofcourse was cotton and fruits and vegetables. Machinery for the cotton sector was a major output and food processingindustries were also important. Theseare the only two substantial forms of manufacturing in Uzbekistan. This is somewhat disturbing considering thelarge amounts of resources that are available.
6The generalproblem was of lack technical ability and low standards of quality. The main approach to correct this problem wasto encourage joint ventures. Many jointventure agreements were signed in 1992 and 1993, but there was little actualforeign investment. There was also aproblem with Uzbekistan=scommunication capabilities. In 1993 ajoint venture was formed with the Turkish company, Teletas, toinstall seventy thousand lines.
Uzbekistan also would like to become the hub ofCentral Asia. When the Aeroflot fleetwas shared out after the dismemberment of the USSR, Uzbekistan utilized itsshare of the planes productively to earn vast amounts of hard currency. It created an international network in thespring of 1993 with the goal of making Tashkent a hub for budget and travelbetween Europe and Asia. Flights wouldbe established to Karachi, Delhi, Kuala, Lumpur, Bangkok, Beijing, Frankfort,and London. Israel provided trainingassistance to Uzbekistan Airways, and the airline raised its credibility bypurchasing several Airbuses.
Economic reform in Uzbekistan has been veryslow. Until 1994 Mr. Karimovopposed reform. Since then he has had tostart some reforms to obtain IMF backing for his stabilization program and toget World Bank financing. Uzbekistan hasbeen officially committed to economic reform since independence. The government has favored gradual change,and the pace has become increasingly slower as the years have went on. Labor market and enterprise reform have beenlimited, and indeed the ultimate reason behind Uzbekistansslow price liberalization has been to maintain the value of real wages andsubsidies. The government has promisedto keep wage and benefit increases ahead of future price rises.
7Privatization inUzbekistan has progressed extremely slow. Karimov dominates economic policy; he hasissued a raft of decrees that are on occasion contradictory, but aim toconvince the multilateral institutions that reform is taking place. The firstform of privatization took place in 1994. The process lacked transparency, was corrupt and resulted in Mr Karimov=sallies owning the viable firms. Otherobstacles are that land liberalization ahead of establishing a guaranteed watersupply would be meaningless for the irrigation-based agricultural sector. In industry, not only has privatization ofstate enterprises been slow but there was also very little privatizationcreated from many small-scale entrepreneurs.
8II. Budgetaryand Monetary Conditions
Uzbekistan=sstatistics arenotoriously inaccurate and in small quantities. The government views economic data as a state secret, and circulation ofthe more informative data is restricted. All figures from Uzbekistan must be treated with a degree of caution asthe government is trying show that the country is handling the post Sovietgovernment better then its neighbors. The country is attempting to switch from the old communist nationalaccounting method using National material product (NMP), which excludes mostservices and depreciation, to the standard System of National Accounts (SNA).
What is clear is that Uzbekistan=s economy has beenin decline since the collapse of the Soviet Union. After a 3.7 % fall in 1991 National materialproduct declined by 14.4% in 1992. GDPin those two years has dropped by 0.5% and 11.1%. In 1993 the fall in GDP was 2.4 % accordingto IMF estimates, with national material product down by 3.5% mainly due tocontinued government subsidies. The IMPinitially estimated that, due to tighter policies, GDP contracted by 10.1% in1994. However, the Uzbekauthorities claim that despite a severe credit crunch and a confiscatorychange of currency, GDP shrank by only 2.6%, the figure that the IMF nowaccepts.
9Net Material Product
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

Total(Rb m)
Atcurrent prices 21,58823,40249,636386,071 3,686,800
RealChange ( %) 3.1 11.3 -3.7 -14.4 -3.5
Per Head (Rb)
Atcurrent prices 1,091 1,157 2,407 18,287170,622
Realchange (%) 0.8 8.9 -5.5 -16.4 -5.7
*Derived from theWorld Bank mid-year population estimates.
Budget Deficit
Uzbekistan=sgovernmentbudget has suffered from large deficits since the collapse of the SovietUnion. The IMF has put the 1993 fiscaldeficit at 12% of GDP, while the governments figure released through the WorldBank was 2.5%. The main reason for thedeficits is lost revenue subsidies from the Soviet Union. Uzbekistan had one of the largest subsidyshare of revenue compared to many of the other (CIS) countries. During the 1980s the proportion of revenueactually increased form 20.8% in 1987 to 43.2% in 1990. Soviet grants which has once accounted for 7%of GDP in 1987 rose to 19.5% of GDP by 1991.
10III. Expenditure Policies and Assignments
Although Uzbekistan is now engaged in the necessaryfiscal and revenue-raising reforms demanded by multilateral institutions, verylittle revenue is received from taxes. Corruption, weak institutions, economic recession and poor taxcompliance have hindered revenue collection severely. The government claims that actual revenue toGDP has risen in recent years from 26.4% to 41%in 1993. Given continued state control of the economy,tax compliance among state enterprises would tend to be greater than incountries with a growing private sector, although figures may be overstated. On the expenditure side, increased outlays ondefense and security, welfare payments, and subsidies to industry have been the most important developmentssince 1991. Increased expenditure wasfinanced through huge expansion of domestic credit, montisedby courtesy of the Russian Central Bank until 1993 when this tactical trend waseliminated once it was found to be unsustainable. The government then went to the IMF. The figures on the preceding page show thisinformation
11State Budget(Rbbn)
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

Revenue 9.7 11.8 15.1 30.2 139.8 1,814.5
TurnoverTax 3.3 3.8 4.0 6.1 3.3 n/a
Excises 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.5 44.9
Companyincome Tax 1.7 1.3 1.5 3.8 23.9 382.9
PersonalIncome tax 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.8 11.4 145.3
Grantsfrom Union Budget 2.3 3.6 6.4 11.4 0.0 0.0

Expenditure 10.1 11.0 14.9 32.4 193.9 1,923.4
Economy 4.6 5.0 8.1 5.9 20.9 392.7
Defenseand Public Order n/a n/a n/a 0.2 11.7 n/a
Socialand Cultural 5.2 5.5 6.2 9.2 70.8 n/a

Balance -0.4 -0.8 -0.2 -2.4 -54.1 -108.9
% ofGDP -1.4 -1.0 -1.2 -3.6 -12.1 -2.5

* 1993 data are from the World Bank. They excludenon-budgetary accounts.
Sources:IMF, Economic Review: Uzbekistan; World Bank, Statistical Handbook: States ofthe Former USSR, 1994
IV. TaxStructure and Administration12
Corporate Taxation
Profit Tax
Uzbekentities ‑ taxed on their profits from all sources worldwide.
ForeignEntities ‑ taxed on profits from the entrepreneurial activities of theirestablishments in Uzbekistan.
Foreignentities receiving income from Uzbek sources otherthan through Permanent Establishments are subject to withholding tax on thegross amounts of the income without reduction for any expenses.
Thegeneral profit tax rate is 37%. This rate is reduced to 25% for entities withforeign investment of 30% or greater.
A taxreturn and activity report should be filed with the tax authorities by February15. An audit opinion or an agreement for audit services should also be submitted by the appropriatedeadline.
Social charges
Employersmust make social insurance and employment fund contributions, as well ascontributions to a trade union if applicable. The total amount payable, whichis deductible for profits tax purposes, is 38% to 40% of each employee's gross salary, made up as follows:
Fund Rate
Socialinsurance 36%
employment 2%
Tradeunion (if applicable) 2%
Individual Taxation
Aresident is defined as an individual who is physically present in Uzbekistanfor 183 days or more in a calendar year. Residents are taxed on their worldwideincome, while non‑residents are taxed only on their Uzbeksources income.
Taxableincome for 1995 and 1996 is taxed at the following rates:
Taxableincome (less annual non‑taxable minimum)
Up to2 annual minimum wage 15%
2 to5 annual minimum wage 25%
5 to10 annual minimum wage 35%
Over10 times annual minimum wage40%
Social security contributions
1% of the gross salary to the Social Insurance Fund.
Deductions and Exemptions
Allincome is taxable in Uzbekistan unlessit is specifically exempt. The list of specifically exempt income includesalimony, gift, severance and pension income.
Capital gains
Capitalgains in the disposal of shares are exempt for taxation. Capital losses are notdeductible.
Other taxes and fees
Value Added Tax («VAT»)
VATwas introduced in Uzbekistan on February 15, 1991. The current rate is 17%.
VATis levied on turnover from the supply of all goods and services (includingbarter transactions), unless they are specifically exempt. Imports are exempt.Though, VAT is levied on the Uzbek seller's markup ofimported goods. Exported goods and services are specifically exempt from VAT.Exported goods are defined as having cleared customs. Exported services aredefined as being supplied to a «foreign person». For thedetermination of whether services are exported, neither the place of providingthe services not the place where thebenefits are used are considered, only that the purchaser is a foreign person(entity). It could be argued that Uzbek VAT legislation allows representative offices offoreign legal entities (which are non‑resident), paying for services inforeign currency through authorized Uzbek banks toalso be classified as «foreign person».
EffectiveJanuary 1 1996, the exemption on exported goods and services is onlyapplicable if the importing country doesnot impose VAT on exports to Uzbekistan. This restriction is especiallyimportant with respect to some members of the CIS as VAT is charged on exportsto member states.
TheVAT legislation of Uzbekistan allows a credit for VAT incurred, when such goodsor services are «charged to the cost of production».
Excise taxes
Excisetaxes are payable by domestic producers and importers of excised goods. Thelist of excised goods is determined by the Cabinet of Ministers and includestobacco, jewelry, gasoline, liquor and other goods. Exported goods are exempt.Tax rate vary from 5% to 75%. The amount of excise tax is determined by thetaxpayer, based on the volume of goods sold and established tax rates on suchgoods.
Property tax
The2% rate tax is based on the historical cost of fixed assets used in production.Legislation specifically includes buildings, machinery, equipment and vehicles.Accumulated depreciation does not reducethe taxable base. The following assetsare specifically excluded from he taxable base for property tax purposes:
‑housing, social and cultural facilities;
‑environmental protection assets;
‑agricultural equipment;
‑transportation networks (including roads and pipeline);
‑communication and power transmission lines (including
‑maintenance structures);
‑communication satellites; and
Profittax is deductible for profits tax purposes.
Subsurface use tax
Taxeson the mining, and oil and gas industries. Subsurface uses tax is deductiblefor profits tax purposes.
Land tax
A feeon land owners is imposed at a fixed rate per hectare.
Vehicle fees
Aminimal fee on motor vehicle owners is imposed at a fixed rate per horsepower.Individuals must also pay this fee, though only at half the corporate rate.Only vehicles registered for road use are subject to this tax (e.g. not thoseused for production which would be subject to property tax).
Inaddition there is a fee on the purchase of vehicles, defined as a percentage ofthe purchase price of the vehicle excluding VAT or duties, 5% for cars and 10%for trucks, buses, trailers and semi‑trailers.
Road use tax
Allentities are subject to road use tax which is applied to gross sales, excludingVAT and excises. For transportation companies a rate of 2% and for all othercompanies a rate of 1% applies. The tax is deductible for profits tax purposes.
Water use fee
Thereis a nominal charge for the use of water resources at a fixed rate per cubicmeter of water consumed. For most companies, the rate is 0.09 soum per cubic meter. The fee is deductible for profits taxpurposes within statutory water use limits.
Local taxes
Thereare numerous different taxes, though most are insignificant except for the administrativeburden. Example of more significant local taxes include:
CTax on advertising costs. In Tashkent the rate is 5%of total expense.
CFee for cleaning the local territory, payable byentities and individuals conducting entrepreneurial activities. In Tashkent therate is 0.5% of gross receipts.
CFee for the right to trade, payable by entities andindividuals conducting retail trade. In Tashkent the rate is two minimummonthly wages per month.
Revenue collection problems13
CHigh tax rates on modest tax bases reduced not onlyby economic contraction but also byvarious exemptions.
CWeak tax administration compounded by corruption.
CThe effective tax burden on those who comply withthe tax code is increased since large numbers of taxpayers successfully evadetaxes ‑ equity and efficiency problems.
CCorruption and abuse of authority by poorly paid taxadministrators are serious problems.
CAnother major cause of poor tax revenues is dollarization andthe continued use of barter, payment in kind.
The Investment Policy of Uzbekistan
Priority areas14
1. Gold‑mining and non‑ferrous(Uzbekistan ranks 4th in the world in terms of gold reserves).
2.Power engineering.
3.Processing of cotton (40% of the gross agricultural production is cotton,however only 10% of produced raw cotton is processes in Uzbekistan, the rest isexported as raw material. The existing textile industry is obsolete).
4.Processing of vegetables and fruits (The production makes up 60% of the totalfruit and vegetables production of the former USSR; agricultural infrastructuredevelopment needed ‑ processing, transportation, storage facilities,packing).
5.Transport and communication.
6.Tourism (4000 architectural monuments, many of them are under the protection ofUNESCO;. world famous cities Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva; tourisminfrastructure is a potential area of investment).
7.Financial and monetary. Create a network of banks and insurance institution.
8.Environmental Protection (degradation of the ecosystem of the Aral Sea, irrational use of water resources).
Guarantees and privileges granted to foreigninvestors15
1. Ifsubsequent legislation of the republic of Uzbekistan impairs investmentconditions, then the legislation which was valid at the time of making theinvestment shall apply for a period of time not exceeding 10 years.
2. Companies=profit tax shall be reduced by:
C20%, for an export share of 5-10% of the totalproduction;
C30%, for an export share of 10-20% of the totalproduction;
C40%, for an export share of 20 to 30% of the totalproduction;
C50%, for an export share of 30% or above of thetotal production.
Thepurpose here is encourage export oriented manufactures and producers. «Thegreat success stories of economic development in the last decade have been thenewly industrialized countries of East Asia, especially the so-called "FourTigers" (South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore) and, increasingly,Thailand and China. In these countries, rapid growth of manufactured exportshas produced dramatic increase in income. NICs haveundertaken a host of interventionist measures to create incentives forexport-oriented manufacturing firms, often in particular targeted industries atparticular stage of development.»16
Theheritage of the old socialist system — exports of primary commodities and rawmaterials (cotton and cotton products in case of Uzbekistan)- has to begradually replaced by exports of manufactured goods. «It makes adifference not only because of the recurring problem of gluts resulting infalling process in commodity markets but also because of the greater potentialfor raising technological capabilities».17
3.Receipts in hard currency earned by a company due to increase in exportproduction (product, jobs, services) shall be exempt from profit tax.
4. A25% profit tax shall apply to the profits of Joint Ventures with a foreigncapital of above 30%.
5.Joint Ventures with a foreign capital investing into projects in priorityindustries included in the Investment Program of Uzbekistan shall be exemptform taxation for the first five years of operations.
6.Joint Ventures which specialize in agricultural products and the processingthereof (except for wines and strong alcoholic beverages), consumer products,and construction materials, medical equipment, machines and equipment foragriculture, light and food industries, recycling of waste materials are exemptfrom taxation for two years from the date of registration.
7.The profit tax base is decrease by 30% of the expenses for environmentalprotection.
8.Dividend on governmental bonds are exempt from taxation;
9.Joint Ventures in which the foreign investor=s share accounts fora least 50% shall be exempt of profittax provided that whole tax amount is re-invested into the development andexpansion of production of consumer goods.
10.Exporting companies are exempt of VAT for materials resources used in theproduction of exported goods (jobs, services)
11.Beginning July 1994 through December 31, 1997 all commercial banks includingthose with foreign capital, as well as the branches and subsidiaries of foreignbanks operating in Uzbekistan are exempt from profits, property, land andvehicle taxes.
V. Intergovernmental Financial Relationship
TheStatute of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About Taxes on Enterprises andEntities» establishes revenuesources of the State budget of the Republic of Uzbekistan, State budget of the Republic of Karakalpakstan18 and local budgets for thefollowing expenditures:
CSocial Security Payments;
CBusinesses regulation;
CInternational payments;
CStabilization of the foreign currency circulation;
CStimulation of extraction of mineral resources; and
CEnvironmental protection.
Uzbekistanhas a unified statewide tax policy for all layers of government. Localgovernments are entitled to levy taxes within the format of the state wide taxpolicy.
Taxrevenue is transferred to the budget of Uzbekistan, budgets of the Republicof Karakalpakstan,regions, Tashkent city (the capital) and local budgets according to the normsestablished annually during the process of budget approval for the respectivefiscal year.
Local governments impose local taxes in theirjurisdictions in full accordance with the Uzbek lawsand based on the general tax policy of Uzbekistan.
Theauthorities levying a specific type oftax establish:
Cthe taxpayer;
Cthe tax base;
Cthe tax rate;
Cthe procedure of calculation and payment;
Cexemptions and privileges;
Clife time of the tax.
IV.Social Insurance
Inmost transition countries proposals to reform social security have included theestablishment of minimum retirementbenefits, compulsory employment‑related benefits, unification oftreatment across occupations, increases in the retirement age, and steps toreduce access to benefits by younger working pensioners. It is important thatpension and social security reforms help to insure adequate levels ofprotection without overburdening contributors to the system. This will requirebetter collection of private sector contributions and improved targeting of benefits, including tying futureeligibility of pension benefits to past contributions.
As apart of the transformation process, most transition countries have introducedunemployment insurance schemes. InUzbekistan unemployment benefits were roughly 80 percent of the average wage in1993, although the generosity of the scheme was matched by onerousadministrative procedures, which ensured that few individuals qualified.19
A CountryReport and Profile
AlfiyaG. Mirzagalamova email@example.com
Jason C. Holman jholman@indinanaedu
DmitriMaslitchenko firstname.lastname@example.com
[1]Pomfret, Richard. The Economies of Central Asia. Copyright 1995 by Princeton University Press.
[2]Uzbekistan: Masterof its Destiny. BISNIS — Uzbekistanreport. 10 August 1995.
3The Economist IntelligenceUnit. Country Profile. 1995-1996
4Pomfret, Richard. TheEconomies of Central Asia. Copyright1995 by Princton UniverstiyPress.
5The Economist IntelligenceUnit. Country Profile. 1995-1996.
6The Economist IntelligenceUnit. Country Profile. 1995-1996.
7The Economist IntelligenceUnit. Country Profile. 1995-1996.
8The Economist IntelligenceUnit. Country Profile. 1995-1996.
9The Economist IntelligenceUnit. Country Profile. 1995-1996.
10The Economist IntelligenceUnit. Country Profile. 1995-1996.
11The Economist IntelligenceUnit. Country Profile. 1995-1996.
12«A Tax Guide to Europe.Uzbekistan», Arthur Andersen, April 1996
13IMF, World EconomicOutlook, May 1996
14The Investment Guide forForeign Companies, National Bank for Foreign Economic Activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan
15Guarantees and Privilegesgranted to Foreign Investors by the Legislature of the Republic of Uzbekistan,Appendix to Presidential Decree as of May 31,1996
16Stephen C.Smith,«Industrial Policy and Exports Success: Third World Development Strategiesreconsidered»
17Stephen C.Smith,«Industrial Policy and Exports Success: Third World Development StrategiesRECONSIDERED».
18An autonomous republicwithin the Republic of Uzbekistan
19IMF, «World EconomicOutlook», May 1996, p.77


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Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images; Milan Ryba/ZUMAPress.com; ABC/Bob D'Amico; Todd Williamson/Getty Images; Sam Greenwood/Getty Images
Where were you when you heard Tiger Woods had crashed his own car outside his house and you went, "Hmmm, something about that doesn't sound quite right..."?
No matter where you were, you were right on the money, and on Friday Tiger finally fessed up—not as much as some of these celebs, but more than others.
But while Tiger was out in public like it's 1999, he hasn't made comeback history yet...
1. A Hole in One?: Tiger Woods utilized his break from in-patient therapy wisely this week and, when not jogging or swinging (golf clubs, you pervs), opted to apologize in front of the watchful eyes he should have faced months ago—the broadcast network cameras. No, he's not returning to the PGA Tour just yet. Yes, he realizes he's been a selfish ass and can only begin to repair relations with wife Elin by being perfect for the rest of his life. Actually perfect, though. Not perfect as in the way everyone thought he was perfect all the while he was triple bogeying all over the place. (And while his apology didn't impress everyone, it inspired Counterpunch to return the favor.)
2. Getting Lost All Over Again: Are you loving it? 'Cause we're loving it! From dead Locke to the biblical allegory to the landed-safely subplot to sweaty Sawyer... Watch With Kristin can't get enough. When they're not copiously covering Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains and The Bachelor:On the Wings of Love. And what's this about Ali being the next Bachelorette? Speaking of true love, don't forget to vote for your Favorite TV Couple of all (your) time.
3. All the Things That Make Us Laugh and Cry: Child support-seekingBristol Palin joined mom Sarah Palinon the "everything you can do, Rush can do better" bandwagon after Family Guy featured a character with Down syndrome that said her mom used to be the governor of Alaska. A heartless stab at her brother Trig, Bristol called it, even though the teenage girl was actually really ballsy and the object of Chris Griffin's starry-eyed affection. Palin took the opportunity to again demand that Rahm Emanuel resign for saying "effing retard" during a meeting. (Thanks again, Wall Street Journal, for making sure everyone knew that.) Come on, Sarah, even Bill O'Reilly is now convinced that you don't know what the word satire means. Perhaps Sarah Silverman should have just let this one go...
4. Toting the Weary Load: What ever happened to the big weight loss Kevin Smith was planning after he broke a toilet? Not that it matters, for we dig him just as curvy as he is, but apparently Southwest Airlines doesn't let celebrity get in the way when it comes to making people feel strange. The airline insists it just made a misinformed decision about how much space the director would need to feel comfortable when it tried to board him as a standby passenger. As for Smith, well...he uses a lot of profanity on Twitter.
5. Pre-Eclipsia: Out-and-aboutKristen Stewart tells our Marc Malkin that Breaking Dawn is "not concrete" yet, but come on! Twihards wouldn't stand for such a thing! And while vagina-intolerant second-best kisser Robert Pattinson was asked to do the honors last year, K.Stew and her othah lovah, Taylor Lautner, will be presenting together at the Oscars next month. But she'll be with Rob before then.
Dimitrious Kambouris/Getty Images; Kevin Mazur/Getty Images
6. All the E! Ladies: She may have gotten a grandson out of it, but Kris Jennerseems just as convinced as the rest of us (including Kourtney?) of Scott Disick's douchiness...Kim Kardashian mistook herself for a bird and twittered from the air...Hence, Keeping Up With the Kardashians is heading toward a doozy of a season finale...Now we know when Kendra and Hank find time to practice baby-making, now that they're parents.
7. Just the Facts, Ma'am: Jon Gosselin settled up with TLC...Three lawsuits equal one jagged little pill for Jillian Michaels...Chris Brown is doing "really, really well"...Lindsay Lohan's doing pretty good, too...Late Deadliest Catch captain's son dinged for DUI...Jail time for Ashanti stalker...Nas charged with criminal contempt for not paying child support...Audrina Patridge's alleged stalker caught too close to the Hills...Paparazzi-pummeling charges coming for Sean Penn...No hit-and-run rap for Tyrese...Nick Hogan settled crash victim's lawsuit...Tila Tequila and Shawne Merriman settled up...J.K. Rowling still fighting Potter plagiarism claims...Hotlanta accused of child abuse.
Patrick Ecclestein / FOX
8. TV Drama: Meet American Idol's Top 24, minus Chris Golightly...Kristin Cavallari doesn't have a drug problem, says rep...Tons of people are watching the Winter Olympics...The Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards are coming up...No more Oscar specials for Barbara Walters...If Kevin Eubanks leaves The Tonight Show, who will laugh so heartily at Jay's jokes?
9. Love, Actually: Nicole Richie and Joel Madden are finally going to make it official...Hilary Duff's engaged...Simon Cowell is not...Gossip Girl's Matthew Settle is separated...Jesse James got his puppy love back...Caius and Ginny Weasley are an item...Jim Carey really hearts Jenny McCarthy...Big-time box office for Valentine's Day.
10. Odds & Ends: Jessica Simpson talks about John Mayer, minus the "sexual napalm" bomb...While Angelina Jolie's family is endlessly charming, her neck is bothering people...Life goes on for Alexander McQueen, the brand...The designer did indeed commit suicide last week...Brit Award-winning Lady Gaga will miss him...R.I.P., Doug Fieger...Jay-Z and E! don't agree on the "We Are the World" remake...Brittany Murphy's father isn't very welcome at her grave site...Brooke Mueller is in rehab (this time, it's the kind you're thinking)...Chynna Phillips is rehabbing for anxiety...Kiefer Sutherland's kidneys are on the mend.
Sometimes, you just need to take a step back and look at the Big Picture.


text:
ERNESTO CHE GUEVARA: The Bolivian Diary
A film by Richard Dindo
Switzerland/France 1994
Color, English and Spanish w/eng st, 94 min
Cast: English Narration by Robert Kramer and Judith Burnett
Nearly 30 years ago, on October 9 1967, Che Guevara
was executed by the Bolivian army aided by the CIA. Guevara's
diary, a detailed, personal account of his futile 11-month to spark
a revolution in Bolivia, is the basis of this very intimate portrait.
"An understated, stunningly effective
portrait. A stubborn ideologue, Fidel Castro's comrade-in-arms
and later, Cuba's Minister of Industry, Guevara abandons his
family and high position in 1965 for a shaky dream of permanent
revolution, first in Zaire and later in Bolivia. But he sinks into
catastrophe – caught in a cul-de-sac, many of his ragtag band
of sixty soldiers dead or missing, the few survivors surrounded.
We get all this in Guevara's own words – tense, lean,
worried, and empty of the brutality or bravado some may expect.
A story stronger than myth, deeper than romance."
– Michael Wilmington, CHICAGO TRIBUNE
(c) 2005-2013 ws://design


text:
Understanding the Structure of the Built-in Intent Library
- Introduction to the Built-in Library
- Actions, Entity Types, and Properties
- Understanding the Intent Signature
- Property Values Passed as Slot Values
- Scoping an Intent with a Property Name
- Example: Creating a Weather Skill with the WeatherForecast Intents
- Next Steps
Introduction to the Built-in Library
The built-in intent library gives you access to built-in intents that fall into categories, such as weather forecasts and local business searches. You can use these intents to add functionality to your skill without providing any sample utterances.
Using one of these in your skill is similar to using a standard built-in intent like
- Add the intent name to your intent schema.
- Implement a handler for the intent in your code.
The differences are:
- Intents in the library are named according to a structure using actions, entity types, and properties (described in more detail below). Understanding this naming convention can help you understand the purpose and use of each intent.
- Intents in the library also have slots for providing additional information from the user's utterance. The slots are provided automatically, based on the entity types used within the intent definition. This means you do not define them in the intent schema. In contrast, the standard built-in intents like
AMAZON.HelpIntentcannot use slots.
For example, an intent for a weather forecast looks like this in an intent schema:
"intents": [
"intent": "AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast>"
Although no slots are defined in the above schema, an utterance like "what's the weather today in Seattle" would send your skill a request with slots containing today's date and the city "Seattle."
These intents are assembled from a set of actions, entity types, and properties. The name of each intent combines these elements into an intent signature (for instance,
AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast>). You use this signature as the intent name.
Get Started
To see the full set of intents you can use in your skill, go to Built-in Intent Library.
To see a sample intent schema for a simple weather forecast skill, see Creating a Weather Skill with the WeatherForecast Intents, below.
If you want to understand the actions, entity types, and properties used in the naming structure for the intents, continue with the sections below.
Actions, Entity Types, and Properties
Although you can use the built-in intents just by adding the intent signatures to your intent schema, it may be helpful to understand the structure of the intent signature.
The intents in the built-in intent library are defined by a set of actions, entity types, and properties. Similar to a programming language, the actions and entity types are classes that have properties. An intent signature assembles these building blocks into a name that you can use in your intent schema.
An action represents an action the user is trying to take, such as searching for information. For instance,
SearchAction represents the "searching for information" action. An intent defined with
SearchAction indicates that the user wants search or look up information, such as finding a weather forecast or finding the phone number for a nearby coffee shop. An intent defined with
AddAction indicates that the user wants to add information somewhere, such as adding an event to a calendar or adding the title a book to a reading list.
Most actions operate on other objects or use other objects. A search action needs to identify the information to search for. An add action needs to identify the item to add and possibly also the list to which to add it. These items are specified using the properties of the action. For example,
SearchAction has an
object property that identifies the type of information the user wants to find.
AddAction has a
targetCollection property to identify the type of the target list and an
object property to identify the type object to add to the list.
An entity type represents the objects that the actions can act on or use. Entity types also have attributes, which are represented by properties. For example,
WeatherForecast is an entity type that defines a weather forecast. It has properties such as
duration, and
temperature (among others).
Consider the utterance "what is the weather in Seattle today?"
- The entire utterance indicates that the user wants to search for something or find information.
- The "object" of the search – the information the user wants to find – is a weather forecast. This is the main focus or purpose in the sentence.
- The words "Seattle" and "today" are attributes of the weather forecast the user wants to find.
These parts of the utterance map to actions, entity types, and properties:
- The
SearchActionaction represents the user's intent to search for information.
objectproperty of
SearchActionrepresents the entity type to find.Note: The
objectproperty is named 'object' because it generally represents the grammatical object of the sentence the user states.
- The
WeatherForecastentity type represents a weather forecast.
- The
WeatherForecastentity type has properties that represent possible attributes of a weather forecast, such as the location and date (
The above items form the intent signature.
Understanding the Intent Signature
An intent signature starts with the action and sets the type of the action's properties to the entity types it acts on or uses with the following syntax:
For example, to define an intent for asking about weather, the action is
SearchAction, its property is
object, and the entity type is
@ sign in this context declares that the
object property is of the type
WeatherForecast. You could read the full intent signature as:
"Search for Weather Forecast."
Continuing the earlier example "what is the weather in Seattle today?", here are the actions, entity types, and properties combined into an intent signature:
Actions with Multiple Properties
As noted above, an action can have multiple properties. For example:
Again, the
@ sign in this context declares the type of the specified properties
object (
Book) and
targetCollection (
ReadingList). You could read this intent signature as:
Add Book to Reading List.
Using the Intent Signature in the Intent Schema
The intent signature corresponds to the intent name you use in your intent schema. Include the full signature:
"intents": [
"intent": "AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast>"
"intent": "HelloWorldIntent"
"intent": "AnotherCustomIntent"
With this defined in your intent schema, a user utterance such as "what's the weather" sends your skill
AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast> as the intent (full set of request properties and empty slots not shown for readability):
"request": {
"type": "IntentRequest",
"intent": {
"name": "AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast>",
"slots": {}
For the list of valid intent signatures you can use, see the Built-in Intent Library reference. This reference is organized by high-level category (such as Books, Local Search, and Weather) and then by the entity types used within intent signatures (such as Book, LocalBusiness, or WeatherForecast).
Property Values Passed as Slot Values
Entity types such as
WeatherForecast have their own properties that further define its attributes, such as
location and
duration. When users say utterances that invoke an intent defined with
WeatherForecast, they may mention values that correspond to these attributes, such as the date and location of the weather forecast they want. These property values are conveyed to your skill as slots.
Unlike with custom intents, you do not declare these slots in your intent schema. Alexa recognizes the slots from the properties of the objects included in the intent signature. If the user mentions any possible values for those slots, those values are provided in the request as slot values. The property name is used as the slot name.
For example, in the utterance "what is the weather today," the word "today" corresponds to a possible value for the
WeatherForecast.startDate property. Assuming you have
AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast> in your intent schema, this utterance sends your skill this request (shortened for readability):
"request": {
"type": "IntentRequest",
"intent": {
"name": "AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast>",
"slots": {
"object.startDate": {
"name": "object.startDate",
"value": "2016-11-01"
Note that the slot name is
.startDate. This is because of the structure of the intent signature noted earlier:
- The
SearchAction.objectproperty has been declared as the type
startDateis a property of
WeatherForecast, which means it is now a property of
You can think of the fully-qualified path to the
startDate property as
SearchAction.object.startDate. This is shortened in the JSON to just
object.startDate since
SearchAction in the intent signature defines the context.
Property Types and Slots
The properties of entity types have their own types. For some properties, the property type represents information that can map directly to an
AMAZON slot type. For example:
WeatherForecast.startDate: A date. This property maps to the AMAZON.DATE slot type to convert words like "today" into a date format like
WeatherForecast.duration: A duration like "4 days." This property maps to the AMAZON.DURATION slot type that converts words representing durations into an ISO-formatted duration like
Some properties are themselves objects with their own properties, and it is these that map to slot types. For example, the
location property of
WeatherForecast has multiple properties that map to slot types:
WeatherForecast.location.addressLocality.name: A city (AMAZON.US_CITY).
WeatherForecast.location.addressRegion.name: a region, such as a US state (AMAZON.US_STATE).
WeatherForecast.location.addressCountry.name: a country name (AMAZON.Country).
The utterance "what is the weather in Seattle today" sends this request to the skill:
"request": {
"type": "IntentRequest",
"intent": {
"name": "AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast>",
"slots": {
"object.startDate": {
"name": "object.startDate",
"value": "2016-11-01"
"object.location.addressLocality.name": {
"name": "object.location.addressLocality.name",
"value": "Seattle"
The references for the available intents include the list of slots your skill can expect.
Scoping an Intent with a Property Name
You may want to define intents that represent more specific questions. For example, a weather skill can respond to generic requests for the forecast ("what is the weather"), but you might want to know when users ask more specific questions about the weather. For instance, you might want your skill to handle these utterances differently:
- "What is the weather in Seattle today?" (respond with a general weather forecast).
- "What is the temperature in Seattle today?" (respond with just the current temperature and expected high).
- "When will it rain next in Seattle?" (respond with just the likelihood of precipitation).
In the second utterance, the user referred to the
temperature property of the
WeatherForecast entity type. In the third, the user referenced the
weatherCondition property by mentioning "rain."
You can use an intent signature that defines more specific intents with this syntax:
For example, if you put the intent signature
SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast[temperature] in your intent schema, Alexa invokes this intent for weather-related utterances that refer to the
temperature property. More generic weather utterances that do not refer to this property do not trigger the intent.
For example, note this schema:
"intents": [
"intent": "AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast>"
"intent": "AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast[temperature]>"
"intent": "AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast[weatherCondition]>"
"intent": "CustomIntent"
These utterances invoke the intents:
- "What's the weather today in Seattle": Sends
AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast>with the slots
- "What's the high temperature in Seattle today": Sends
AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast[temperature]>with the slots
object.location.addressLocality.name, and
- "When will it rain in Seattle": Invokes
AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast[weatherCondition]>with the slots
See the available intents to see the full set of intents available for each entity type.
AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast>, your skill will never get a request from the utterance 'what is the temperature today'. If you want to receive both the more general and specific requests, be sure to include all the intent variations in your schema. You can always handled them the same in your code if you don't need the extra data.
Example: Creating a Weather Skill with the WeatherForecast Intents
The following example illustrates how you might put all of these intents together to create a simple weather skill. Suppose you wanted to create a skill that responds to weather-related questions. For example, the skill might support interactions like the following:
A general request for the weather:
User: Alexa, ask My Weather what's the weather in Seattle today?
My Weather: Light rain this afternoon through tomorrow, with temperatures falling to 56 degrees on Monday.
A request for the expected temperature:
User: Alexa, ask My Weather what will the high temperature be in Seattle today?
My Weather: Today, expect a high of 65 degrees, and a low of 49.
A question about a particular weather condition:
User: Alexa, ask My Weather when will it rain next in Seattle?
My Weather: Light rain is expected to start this afternoon, continuing until evening.
A request for the weather that doesn't include all of the information needed:
User: Alexa, ask My Weather what's the weather today?
My Weather: For what location?
User: Seattle
Alexa: Light rain this afternoon through tomorrow, with temperatures falling to 56 degrees on Monday.
Note that the slightly different context of each question elicits a different response from the skill.
For all of these questions, the skill needs a location and a date, although the date could be defaulted to today's date if not provided.
Intent Schema for the Weather Skill
The following example shows a possible intent schema for a weather skill. Note that it includes three built-in WeatherForecast intents. These are specified with just the intent name, since the slots are recognized automatically. The schema also includes a custom intent for capturing utterances not covered by the built-in intents. This intent has a normal slot definition.
"intents": [
"intent": "AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast>"
"intent": "AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast[temperature]>"
"intent": "AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast[weatherCondition]>"
"intent": "GetLocationIntent",
"slots": [
"name": "City",
"type": "AMAZON.US_City"
The only sample utterances you need to provide would be for any custom intents you include, such as
GetLocationIntent shown above. In this example, this intent gets the user's response if they do not include the desired location in the initial request:
User: Alexa, ask My Weather what's the weather today?
Alexa sends the skill the
AMAZON.SearchAction<> object@WeatherForecast> with today's date as the slot value for
object.startDate. Note that the user did not specify a location, so the three
object.location slots are empty.
My Weather: For what location?
Skill keeps session open to get the user's reply.
User: Seattle
Alexa sends the skill the custom
GetLocationIntent with 'Seattle' as the slot value for
City. The skill now has enough information to complete the original
WeatherForecast request.
Alexa: Light rain this afternoon through tomorrow, with temperatures falling to 56°F on Monday.
To keep it simple, this example uses
GetLocationIntent to just collect a city for the forecast. Alternatively, you could add slots for the region and country, similar to what the built-in intents provide. These sample utterances for
GetLocationIntent would work in the above example:
GetLocationIntent {City}
GetLocationIntent in {City}
GetLocationIntent for {City}
... (many more)
Intent Handlers for the Weather Skill
Based on the example intent schema, your code needs four intent handlers – one for each of the three built-ins, and one for the custom intent. Each handler gathers the information it needs from the intent and creates an appropriate response.
|Intent Name
|Intent Handler Tasks
Responds with a general weather forecast:
If the location slots are empty, the handler saves any existing data in the session and returns a response asking the user for a location.
Responds with the high and low temperature:
If the location slots are empty, the handler saves any existing data in the session and returns a response asking the user for a location.
Responds with details about a particular weather condition, such as rain or snow:
If the location slots are empty, the handler saves any existing data in the session and returns a response asking the user for a location.
This custom intent is meant to capture missing location information and then respond with any of the three types of forecasts provided by the other handlers (general, temperature, or weather condition):
If you are using the Alexa Skills Kit SDK for Node.js to write the code for your skill, you could set up your intent handlers like this:
var weatherHandlers = {
'AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast>': function () {
// Get the location and date slot values from the IntentRequest.
// Note syntax for getting JSON values with a dot (.) character in the name.
var startDateSlotValue = this.event.request.intent.slots["object.startDate"].value;
var cityLocationValue = this.event.request.intent.slots["object.location.addressLocality.name"].value;
// Validate the inputs and do any conversions as needed.
// Call the API for a weather service to lookup the weather
// Construct a general response with the high and low temperature, chance
// of precipitation, and comments around sun or clouds.
// If the location slots are empty, save any existing data in the session
// and return a response asking the user for a location.
var output = "String with the weather output.";
this.emit(':tellWithCard', output, "Weather", output);
'AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast[temperature]>': function () {
// Code for the weather temperature handler goes here
var output = "String with the weather forecast, explaining expected temperatures.";
this.emit(':tellWithCard', output, "Weather - Temperature", output);
'AMAZON.SearchAction<object@WeatherForecast[weatherCondition]>': function () {
// Code for the weather condition handler goes here. The weather condition
// the user asked about is in the 'object.weatherCondition.name' slot.
var weatherCondition = this.event.request.intent.slots["object.weatherCondition.name"].value;
var output = "String with the weather forecast, with details around the specified weather condition."
this.emit(':tellWithCard', output, "Weather - Weather Condition", output);
'GetLocationIntent': function () {
// Code for the custom GetLocationIntent goes here.
See Alexa Skills Kit SDK for Node.js for details about how to use the SDK.
Next Steps
See all of the available built-in intents: Built-in Intent Library
Learn more about creating an intent schema:
- Use the Skill Builder (Beta) to Define Intents, Slots, and Dialogs
- Define the Interaction Model in JSON and Text
- Interaction Model Reference
Other coding topics:
- Handling Requests Sent by Alexa
- Providing Home Cards for the Amazon Alexa App
- Implementing the Built-in Intents
- Linking an Alexa User with a User in Your System
- Use Customer Information in Your Skill
- Define Skill Metadata
Other topics:
- Next: Testing a Custom Skill
- Return to: Steps to Build a Custom Skill
The built-in intent library incorporates material from Schema.org, which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (version 3.0) (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. For questions, please reach out to firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Manufacturer's pricing strategy for supply chain with warranty period-dependent demand
This article presents a review of the issues associated with a manufacturer's pricing strategies in a two-echelon supply chain that comprises one manufacturer and two competing retailers, with warranty period-dependent demands. The manufacturer, as a Stackelberg leader, specifies wholesale prices to two competing retailers who face warranty period-dependent demand and have different sales costs. The manufacturer considers three pricing options: (1) setting the same price for both retailers, while disregarding their difference with regard to sales cost; (2) setting a different price to each retailer on the basis of their sales cost; and (3) setting the same price to both retailers according to the average sales cost of the industry. In this article, the retailers' optimal warranty periods and their optimal profit, manufacturer's optimal wholesale price, and his/her optimal profit associated with different pricing strategies have been derived using the game theory. Our analysis shows that the results for retailers are the same with Strategy 1 or Strategy 3. In addition, we compared the effects of different pricing strategies of the manufacturer on supply chain decisions and profit. We conclude from the results that the manufacturer should either adopt Strategy 2 with symmetrical sales cost information or Strategy 3 if retailers' sales costs are asymmetrical.
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Volume (Year): 40 (2012)
Issue (Month): 6 ()
Pages: 807-816
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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
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- Li, Ling, 2011. "Assessing the relational benefits of logistics services perceived by manufacturers in supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(1), pages 58-67, July.
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- Bo Jiang & Xubing Zhang, 2011. "How Does a Retailer's Service Plan Affect a Manufacturer's Warranty?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 57(4), pages 727-740, April.
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- Nancy A. Lutz & Philip H. Dybvig, 1989. "Warranties, Durability, and Maintenance: Two Sided Moral Hazard in a Continuous-Time Model," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 922, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
- Geoffrey Heal, 1977. "Guarantees and Risk-Sharing," Review of Economic Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 44(3), pages 549-560.
- Arcelus, F.J. & Kumar, Satyendra & Srinivasan, G., 2012. "Risk tolerance and a retailer's pricing and ordering policies within a newsvendor framework," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 188-198, April.
- V. Padmanabhan & I. P. L. Png, 1997. "Manufacturer's Return Policies and Retail Competition," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 16(1), pages 81-94.
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Our Vision
At Canterbury, children and their families are at the heart of an encouraging and challenging environment, where everyone recognises and celebrates differences, actively communicates the importance of learning and believes that everyone can achieve.
Services for Families
The main aim of the Family and Community Team is to provide a range of services to support families in bringing up their children.
We recognise that being a parent is not always easy and we believe that all parents and carers have the right to ask for and receive support without feeling guilty or embarrassed, or that they have failed.
We aim to provide a range of family support services which families living within our Centre reach can access at different times depending on need.
Such services include:
Stay & Play
Sessions are run twice weekly by trained staff for children under 5 years of age where they come and join in with fun activities and learn through play. We have a separate area set out within the room for non-mobile children to explore. It is a great opportunity for parents/carers to spend quality time with their child.
1:1 Family Support
We work together with families empowering them and giving them the confidence to get the most from family life, giving their children the best possible start. We aims to do this by completing a family outcome star with the family, this helps to identify any issues within the family. We then work together to plan a course of work to address the identified issues.
Debt Advice
This is a free advice service for parents with children under 5 years of age living in the Canterbury reach. Offering support with issues such as Debt/Benefits advice and appeals, Budgeting and grant applications.
Carers Group
This group offers an opportunity for parents to meet in a welcoming and social environment, to share experiences and knowledge and to talk to somebody who also understands the challenges of having a child with additional needs and the impact on the whole family.
Adult Education
The Centre offers a range of adult training opportunities at varying levels these include Maths, English, Childcare and functional skills.
Parents Factor
Have your say!!!
Come along & meet other parents. Tell us what you think about Centre services and help to improve provision for local children & families in the area. Become involved in fundraising and community events.
The Parent's Forum support the Centre with fundraising eg.Pudsey Bear, Children in Need, Summer and Christmas Fayres. Two of the Parent's Forum members are now also Parent Governors, updating and sharing news with the Governing Body.
Family Links
Family Links Nurture Programme is a 10 week course for parents with children aged 0-11 years. The programme promotes emotional health and well-being, relationship skills, positive communication and behavior management strategies.
Antenatal Family Links (FLAN)
The 'Welcome to the World' Programme is an 8-week course for parents expecting a baby. Parents attend the group from the second trimester of pregnancy. Topics include empathy and loving attentiveness, infant brain development, healthy choices, managing stress and promoting self-esteem and confidence, and effective communication. Practical information about pregnancy, birth, breastfeeding, and healthy eating is included in the eight weeks.
HENRY (Health, Exercise and Nutrition for the Really Young)
An 8 week programme for parents/carers of children aged 0-5 year olds helping them develop a healthier and more active lifestyle for the whole family.


text: LucasRaunch - Michael Lucas Humiliates Beefcake Marc Dylan with Waves of Piss Marc Dylan might be a muscular, hot-shot pornstar, but it takes Michael Lucas to properly introduce him into the world of raunchy gay porn. Marc begins by showing Michael's cock its proper due -- a hot blowjob, and Michael makes sure the beefcake bottom struggles to swallow his 10-inch uncut Russian cock. After Michael is satisfied with the initial oral action, She stands over Marc's face, tells him to open up, and fires a stream of hot piss into his bottom bitch's gaping mouth. The piss flows out of Marc's mouth as he gargles it up so he doesn't choke. Marc gets wet himself: he lets loose a torrent from his dick that makes it looks like the southern pornstar has not pissed in days! Marc soaks the leather mattress so much that Michael cups his hands and splashes wave after wave of piss all over Marc's face and asshole. Michael doesn't wait to roll on a condom and prove what he can do to a bottom boy's ass: Marc's hole puckers up and Michael slides right in, slamming him in a pool of raunchy gay piss! While Marc is moaning and groaning with each thrust, Michael smacks piss into Marc's mouth to shut him up. After they're done fucking, Marc sucks on Michael some more before they both soak their dicks with more urine. And what better to mix in with the steaming yellow mess than an explosion of cum? Michael and Marc never fail to deliver! Format: mp4 Duration: 00:33:34 Video: 854x480, AVC (H.264) Audio: 128 kbps File size: 348.0 MB Download LucasRaunch - Michael Lucas Humiliates Beefcake Marc Dylan with Waves of Piss


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Question about RIM BlackBerry 7250
Power off and pluged in no lights or nothing hapened let it stay pluged in for 12hrs and nothing turned on and low battery appers
Posted by bumble777 on
i plugged the blackberry in with the wall charger and nothing happened then tried the computer and still nothing happened
battery drained so I plugged in to outlet to charge nothing. So plugged into pc nothing no charge, no lights just beeps every so often.
My blackberry shut off, battery drained. I plugged it in with the wall charger and no charge. I plugged it into my computer usb and still no charge. It only beeps every few minutes.
Same problem... except times two... I plugged my BlackJack II into the computer and it wouldnt charge so i plugged it into the wall and suddenly it wont charge from the wall either... So i test out my company blackberry to make sure my usb is not busted... now it has the same problem... both my blackjack and bb8820 now will not charge at the computer nor from the wall after being plugged into the computer! WTF!?! please help!
my curve is not charging using anything computer charger or car charger
Same Problem. It stoped charging on the car charger and now won't take a charge on the pc USB charger.
My blackberry curve 8310 just shut off. No lights or anything. Won't charge, won't come on. i don't have a usb cable with me. What's the matter with this thing? It just worked 5 minutes ago?! Will taking out the battery make me lose all my phone numbers?
BlackBerry just stopped taking a charge last night, very annoying..
Ohhhhhhhh Thank Allot
derek68ou1 you done it...................................... thx allot................................ buddy thx again......... my set is now able to charge... buddy love you..........
I had this happen a while back on my htc 8120 and how i fixed it was take a usb cable to a computer and cut the mini usb off in there u will find a green black and red wire well cut the green wire and strip the black and red wire u will notice on your battery there are four post 2 hots and 2 negs take the red wire and split so it makes 2 and take the negative and split so it makes 2 now plug the usb into ur pc and touch the red wires to the 2 positive and take the 2 blacks and touch them to the 2 negatives it will only take a minute or so all u are trying to do here is jump the battery so your black berry has just enough juice to start so u can charge it.
Posted on Jun 10, 2008
You have to go on the Blackberry website and download updates then plug ur usb in the computer and load updates and it will take a charge. (Takes about 30mins and you don't lose any info on your phone)This has happened to my 2 Blackberry's and a friends. Best a Luck.
Posted on May 21, 2010
SOURCE: I have freestanding Series 8 dishwasher. Lately during the filling cycle water hammer is occurring. How can this be resolved
a 6ya Technician can help you resolve that issue over the phone in a minute or two.
Best thing about this new service is that you are never placed on hold and get to talk to real repair professionals here in the US.
click here to Talk to a Technician (only for users in the US for now) and get all the help you need.
Posted on Jan 02, 2017
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Feb 06, 2013 | Electronics - Others
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Sep 08, 2009 | Acer TravelMate 5520 Notebook
Aug 10, 2009 | RIM BlackBerry Pearl 8100
Aug 07, 2009 | RIM BlackBerry Curve 8310 Smartphone
Jul 17, 2009 | Sony NWZ-E436F MP3 Player
Jul 22, 2008 | RIM BlackBerry 7100t
Nov 08, 2012 | RIM BlackBerry 7250
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|Team Verdict joins Pro Staff
|Written by Administrator
|Sunday, 24 December 2006 11:55
Educated Angler is proud to announce our first Pro Staff team, Team Verdict (www.teamverdict.com). Team Verdict has shown the consistency and ability to perform in many of the Lake Michigan Tournament Trail ports, and possesses the competitive spirit and integrity that best represents Educated Angler.
Team Verdict operates a 27' Albemarle 275 out of their home port of Ludington, MI. Team Verdict's crew consists of:
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Welcome. I'm Beth Terry, an accountant from Oakland, California. In 2007, I unexpectedly found myself an activist, author, and public speaker after learning about the devastating effects of plastic pollution and my own plastic footprint. This site has evolved from a simple blog (formerly known as "Fake Plastic Fish") to a comprehensive resource on plastic-free living. Please explore, join a challenge, ask questions, subscribe. Together, we can change the world.
Recent Blog Posts
Click image to read story, or peruse all 745 posts.
Read the Book!
Plastic-Free: How I Kicked the Plastic Habit and How You Can Toois your illustrated, practical guide to living with less plastic, updated with new chapter and foreword by musician Jack Johnson. Click here to learn more.
Get Started
Here are my top 100 steps to get started on a plastic-free journey. Choose a few to begin with. Don't try to do it all at once!
- Carry reusable shopping bags.
- Give up bottled water.
- Shop your local farmers market.
- Say no to plastic produce bags.
- Buy from bulk bins as often as possible.
- Cut out sodas, juices, and all other plastic-bottled beverages.
- Buy fresh bread that comes in either paper bags or no bags.
- Return containers for berries, cherry tomatoes, etc. to the farmer's market to be reused.
- Bring your own container for meat and prepared foods.
- Choose milk in returnable glass bottles.
Join the Discussion
- Mary on Styrofoam Cups and Plates- Large PartiesWhat about something like this? https://www.walmart.com/ip/Earth-s-Natural-Alternative-Plates-9-Unbleached-50-Ct/164729630?wmlspartner=wlpa&select
- Agis craftea corner on Styrofoam Cups and Plates- Large PartiesHi, I am Agi and I just started my plastic free and going towards zero waste journey. I done my research about some plastic alternatives, and I find s
- Beth Terry on Plastic caps recyclingHi. Good question. It looks like Gimme5 is now taking them. But first, check with your local recycling company to see if they want them. Here's i
- Dani on Styrofoam Cups and Plates- Large PartiesHi guys, just wondering, how would it be possible to stop using those enormous packs of styrofoam cups, plates, bowls and more during large parties or
- Tmil on Plastic Free StorageDoes anyone have tips for safely storing baby clothes without using plastic bins? Also, to safely keep mold, mildew and munchies who like to chew on n
- Meghna Natraj on Encourage your workplace to provide a reusable mug and bottleHi, I work at a company that built the most sustainable building on this planet this year. They are extremely dedicated to providing clean energy and
- coco on HumidifiersElise said We like to run a humidifier at night - we can't sleep without the noise it makes and it helps our allergies. Can anyone help? We
- John on Protein supplements without plasticHi, I was wondering if anyone out there had ideas for how to obtain plastic-free protein supplements. I'm trying to be a low-plastic-using vegan,
- DrKOS on Plastic-free hot water bottleHas anyone found a good plastic-free hot water bottle? I've found a gorgeous ceramic one and a few stainless ones, but I haven't tried any o
- Kristen on Spray BottlesHi, how about plant misters? There's one on Amazon that is plastic-free (per the Questions section) called Sustainable Village plant mister in ni
My Plastic-Free Life Videos
Take the Challenge!
Do you know your plastic footprint?
Join participants around the world in the "Show Your Plastic Trash" Challenge! No guilt. Just education.
THAT'S A WRAP: A quick guide for getting started on your plastic-free path. Read my review here.
Read my review here.


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The Osprey Momentum 22 Pack is a commuting pack built to take on everyday bike rides into the office, and everywhere in between. The inside has a protective sleeve for your laptop and tablet, with space for lunch and an extra layer. The second zipper is ready for organization, granola bar in one pouch, ear buds in another, and laptop cords as well. The top pocket is reserved for small items, such as phone, keys, and obviously more snacks. The outside of the pack is loaded with features: helmet clip for when you're not on the bike, U-Lock storage, a fabric patch for clipping on a blinker (sorry, blinker not included) and my favorite, the built-in rain cover. The rain cover unloads from the bottom panel and elastic around the edges keeps it from falling off. Take that, rain! Cinch the whole load down for a more compact carry while riding hard through the streets.
So sorry, but only 4 items are allowed for comparison, so we're comparing the first 4. I blame the gnomes and so should you.
Would you like to compare the products you have selected now?


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Corus Entertainment Inc. (TSE:CJR) – Analysts at Cormark lowered their FY2019 EPS estimates for shares of Corus Entertainment in a research note issued on Thursday. Cormark analyst D. Mcfadgen now expects that the company will post earnings per share of $0.79 for the year, down from their previous estimate of $1.02.
CJR has been the topic of a number of other reports. National Bank Financial raised shares of Corus Entertainment from a "sector perform market weight" rating to an "outperform market weight" rating in a report on Wednesday, October 18th. Desjardins downgraded shares of Corus Entertainment from a "buy" rating to a "hold" rating in a report on Wednesday, January 10th.
COPYRIGHT VIOLATION NOTICE: This news story was first published by American Banking News and is the sole property of of American Banking News. If you are viewing this news story on another publication, it was copied illegally and reposted in violation of U.S. & international copyright legislation. The original version of this news story can be viewed at https://www.americanbankingnews.com/2018/01/15/corus-entertainment-inc-forecasted-to-post-fy2019-earnings-of-0-79-per-share-cjr.html.
Corus Entertainment Company Profile
Corus Entertainment Inc is a media and content company. The Company creates and delivers quality brands and content across platforms for audiences around the world. The Company's portfolio of multimedia offerings encompasses 45 specialty television services, 39 radio stations, 15 conventional television stations, a global content business, digital assets, live events, children's book publishing, animation software, technology and media services.
Receive News & Ratings for Corus Entertainment Daily - Enter your email address below to receive a concise daily summary of the latest news and analysts' ratings for Corus Entertainment and related companies with MarketBeat.com's FREE daily email newsletter.


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Hello lovelies,
last week I promised you a post about my recent random purchases. If I'm honest, I made quite a few more, but I decided to only show you my favourite ones. I don't know why, but these past month or so, I've really been into buying random bits and bobs that I mostly don't need, but I managed to find a way to justify them, anyway.
I've been on a hunt for a cute planer for months and I couldn't find any that I really liked, until I was browsing Instagram one day and I saw the photo Aida from Lollistick posted and I was all over her planer. Of course I had to get it, because let's be honest, it's gorgeous and it makes me happy to look at it whenever I need to write something down. It's from Paperblanks, if any of you are interested.
The next thing, I'm completely obsessed with. It's the Q&A a day 5 year journal. This was actually a part of my birthday present for a friend, but why not get one for myself as well, right?
I'm sure you know what it's all about, since it's been quite popular for awhile now, but basically there's a question for every day, you answer it and you do the same for five years. I hope I'll stick with it, because I would love to see how my answers change or stay the same within the next years.
I've also bought this Minnie Mouse binder, because I love the quote on it. I decided to transform it into my inspirational board, or in my case, inspirational binder. In here, I have a lot of different pictures that I found in different magazines and they represent the things that I like, would love to have or achieve and motivational/inspirational quotes and sayings.
Sticking with the inspirational theme, I got this wooden sign for my room. I love wishes and I love dreams, so it was perfect for me. I have it on the wall facing my bed, so one of the first things I see when I wake up, is this.
I was in a desperate need of a new makeup bag. And I desperately wanted the Ted Baker Leda large bow wash bag but I was contemplating because the shipping would cost £17. It didn't take me to long to decide that it worth it, but unfortunately it wasn't avaliable any more I even wrote to them and asked if they'll get a new stock, but they told me that that's unlikely to happen because it was a part of their Spring collection.
So I posted this big polka doted one in Müller and I decided to get it, but I'm still on the look for one that I'll be completely in love with.
The next thing are my new precription glasses. I had to include them, because I'm loving them. I initially wanted all black, but then we all agreed that they totally washed me out and they made me look even paler. I'm so happy that I decided to go with these ones, I'm actually thinking of wearing them a lot more than I ever used to wear my glasses and maybe even take a little break from wearing contacts.
I needed a new bag for Uni, because my old one has seen better days. I wanted the Zara City bag, because my Mum has it and it's gorgeous, but they didn't have it any more, so when I saw this City bag with zips, I knew I had to get it. It's actually quite similar to the City bag, but less square and it has less compartments. You can see far better photos of the bag, here.
And some more items for inspiration. I bought a new bedding set, you can see it here. I didn't take photos of it, because I currently have another bedding on, and also it was very awkward to photograph.
To go with that bedding set, I also got these two pillow cases with Live your dreams, don't dreams your life, quote on it. I think they'll go great together and I can't wait to change my bedding to this.
So that were a few of my favourite random buys. Hope you liked it.
, by Sanja


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New Holland mice (NHMs; Pseudomys novaehollandiae) and smoky mice (P. fumeus) are native rodent species endemic to south eastern Australia that are threatened and endangered respectively. Detections of both species have become scare over the past few decades, and they are thought to have become locally extinct at several locations.
As a PhD student at the University of Melbourne and Museum Victoria, I've been trekking across the Victoria looking for NHMs and smokies at historical locations. I'm investigating the power of camera surveys and traditional live trapping to detect the mice in different habitats at high and low abundance. I'm working on refining our understanding of the species' habitat requirements, and using species distribution modelling to estimate the species' current and predicted distributions.
For NHMs, I'm also investigating genetic variation across extant and extinct populations to see what we may have lost, and what we should focus on conserving. Additionally, I'm testing the response of NHMs to planned burns to help maximise habitat suitability for the species.
During my Masters research, I focused on how smoky mice responded to the 2013 Victoria Valley bushfire in the Grampians-Gariwerd National Park, western Victoria. I assessed the species long- and short-term persistence in the Victoria Range using data from across a patchy 40 year survey history, and my own extensive surveying in 2013. Continuing this work through my PhD, I'm looking at the factors influencing short-term smoky mouse population fluctuations in the Grampians.
Thank you to the following organisations for providing research funding:
- Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment
- Parks Victoria
- Zoos Victoria
- Paddy Pallin Science Grant
- Friends of Grampians-Gariwerd
- The Linnaen Society of NSW – Joyce W. Vickery Scientific Research Fund
- Royal Zoological Society of NSW – Ethel Mary Read Grant
- Museum Victoria 1854 Student Scholarship
- The FNCV Environment Fund
All views published on this site are my own.


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obviously about the circle of life.
bad things happen but life keeps going
Lyrics submitted by jed
"Deeper Water" as written by Randal Keith Jacobs Paul Maurice Kelly
Lyrics © EMI Music Publishing, Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC, Warner/Chappell Music, Inc.
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Yes, the year isn't over yet, but we'd like to look at our 30 top posts for 2014! Read them again, and re-live the CFC FFL year 2014. Enjoy the last few days, and be sure to remember the reason for the season – Jesus. Not only the season, but the year, and our lives as well.
Sharing with you all… the top 30 posts for 2014! (click if you want to re-visit 2013, 2012 and 2011)
29. CFC FFL Hong Kong Empowered to Witness
28. Happiness and Peace in the New Year
27. Deaf and Mute
26. Vibrant Worship
25. New Appointment to the CFC FFL Servant Council of the Philippines
23. The Eucharist
22. Being an Apostle
21. New Appointment to the CFC FFL Apostolic Board
19. Rich and Poor
17. The God Who Empowers.
16. True Discipleship.
15. Palawan Mission Update from the Life Coach
14. Tekwork Job Openings
13. The STT Bulletin for February
11. Gossips, again.
10. Family and Life Update Wins Best Website at 36th CMMA!
9. Our Theme for 2015.
8. The Laity in the Church's Mission
7. Report and Reflection on the Extraordinary General Synod of Bishops.
6. Winners of the High Five Raffle.
5. What is the Extraordinary Synod of Bishops?
4. New Year Message 2014: Go Forth in Power
3. The No One In Need Movement info.
2. The Scandal of Division: On Pope Francis
1. The New Evangelization in the Philippine Setting (re-read!)


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Tuesday Talk: Motivation
Good morning ladies! I hope you are all safe and dry from the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. Fortunately, the worst of it for me is losing power for a few days so I can't really complain, but I'm praying for those whose homes have been flooded or destroyed.
I'm running out of power on my laptop, currently writing at Daybreak Coffee House (where I was pleased to run into the lovely Cait from Cait Plus Ate who is just the most bubbly, friendly girl!) This will have to do as my "office" for now, which I don't mind AT ALL because this Pecan Roast & Vegetarian Egg Sandwich on sourdough is totally hitting the spot.
Anyway, I wanted to talk about a rather popular topic today on Healthy Chicks: motivation. That is, how to stay motivated even during those realllllllyyyy tough times.
Here are some tips to get you inspired, whether you need motivation to run that race or simply get out of bed an hour earlier!
1. First and foremost, you need to have a purpose. If you're struggling to stay on a healthy diet and exercise regimen, ask yourself "Why do I want to eat well and exercise?" Is it to lower your cholesterol? Is it so you can stay healthy for your kids? Is it so you can get in shape to run that first half marathon? Are you doing it to squeeze into those skinny jeans you've been keeping in the back of your closet for years? What is your "Why?" Make it specific. Instead of "So I can lose 10 pounds," make it "So I can lose 10 pounds in order to reach my pre-baby weight and feel good about shopping for clothes again. " You see? Find your purpose.
2. Don't Let Slip-Ups Bring You Down. OK, so you had a brownie even though you "gave up" desserts. Woop-dee-doo. Instead of eating five more brownies, a piece of pizza and your weight in guilt, take control of your slip-up and move on. Because in reality, it's just one tiny mistake which you can totally work your way out of damage-free. Chug some water, go for a walk and move on with it. We're only human after all, so don't try to be perfect. Instead, try to do the best you can do. Remember that if you're living a healthy lifestyle most of the time, a treat here and there isn't going to destroy your progress. Rather, guilt and pity parties is what destroys your success. Don't let this get the best of you!
3. On that note, Don't Diet! That's right, I said it: You do not need to diet to lose weight. In fact, I am 100% against dieting because most diets call for some sort of restriction which makes you miserable which then makes you want to eat everything in your cabinet which then makes you guilty. And as you know, guilt is the worst feeling of all. Rather than going on the Cabbage Soup Diet or the South Beach Diet or the Flat-Abs diet, just make a promise to yourself that you're going to eat well. What does eating well mean? To me, that means whole, clean, REAL foods. Lots of whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, organic meats, local food, and things that don't come from packages. Also, replace one can of soda a day with a large glass of water. Next week, try two. You get the picture.
4. While this may sound counterintuitive, try to focus on the Little Picture. Instead of trying to be the BEST, run the farthest and eat PERFECTLY, shoot for little goals. Remember, Small changes = Big results.
5. Remember to Have Fun: No matter what goal you're trying to achieve, if you aren't having fun with it, you aren't going to get anywhere. Make it enjoyable! Start a walking group with your girlfriends, take turns making healthy meals with your roommate, get your husband on board, experiment with new recipes, or buy a really bright-colored workout outfit that you feel amazing in. Do whatever it takes to keep things fun and new!
What do you do to stay motivated? Share your tips in the comment section!
6 Responses to "Tuesday Talk: Motivation"
Caitlin Says:
October 30th, 2012 at 1:21 pm
These are great tips, Rachel! All things that I have tried to keep in mind throughout my health journey.
It was so wonderful to meet you 🙂 just FYI, the link that you used to my blog is broken!
Rachel @Healthy_Chicks Says:
October 30th, 2012 at 1:26 pm
@cait oh no…it's fixed now 🙂 Loved meeting you! Such a small world!
Jess Says:
October 31st, 2012 at 9:46 am
LOVE this. I absolutely agreeeeee with every single one of these. I actually used to fall into EVERY one of these traps a few years ago and it would kill me every time. My self confidence would dip so low — I was being SUCH a "mean girl" to myself, you know? Instead of realizing that I'm not perfect, that it's ok to have a slip-up now and then and have it NOT ruin your whole day or your best of intentions, and to remember to have as much fun as possible while staying fit and healthy too. It CAN be done, am I right?? PS I SO wish I got to meet you guys at that coffee shop!! So jealous!
Rachel @Healthy_Chicks Says:
November 1st, 2012 at 3:53 pm
@Jess So glad you enjoyed the post, Jess. I can totally relate to being a "mean girl" to yourself. Love how you put that!
jobo Says:
November 2nd, 2012 at 3:57 pm
SO true! I love these tips. Again, on the same wavelength, completely. These were also my traps to myself, and I never want to fall into them again. They are the worst! Great great post!
loss solutions teenagers Says:
October 8th, 2014 at 8:16 pm
This is a really good tip particularly to those new to
the blogosphere. Short but very precise info… Many thanks for sharing this one.
A must read post!


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How To Break Bad Habits... Forever! 7 Simple Techniques To Finally Get Free
Dave Meade, Skillshare Coach- Live A More Productive Life
- 0.5x
- 1x (Normal)
- 1.25x
- 1.5x
- 2x
Introduction To Breaking Bad Habits Forever1:07
How To Break Bad Habits Forever16:51
About This Class
* This is the main class: After completing it please invest a few minutes and go through
this follow up related class ---> How To Defeat procrastination... Forever! which will help you greatly maximize the results you receive from this training.
Class Overview:
Bad habits whether we admit it or not, determine our destiny and habits whether good or bad really do make or break us.
Most of us have higher aspirations, we want to
- Be better off financially
- We want to lose weight
- We want to have better relationships
And in many cases it's a bad habit that is holding us back from realizing our goals.
In this class your going to discover how to annihilate bad habits out of your life forever. First I'm going to show you the reasons behind your bad habits and than how to effectively deal with them so that you can be free of them permanently and start enjoying the lifestyle you've been hoping for.
Class Projects 3 See All
4 of 4 students recommendSee All
This is David Meade, I am the founder of http://reallymakemoneyonline.com life coach and skillshare teacher. I firmly believe that anybody can achieve what they want from life through continued education and implementation. My hope is that my classes will very informative, helpful and make a lasting impact on the lives of my students.


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Thanks to the emergence of Nick Foles and Riley Cooper, the Philadelphia Eagles were one of the biggest surprises of the 2013 season as Chip Kelly helped the team bounce back from a disappointing 4-12 finish the year before and win the NFC East title before falling to the New Orleans Saints on Wild Card Weekend. Unfortunately though, all of the surprise success from last season in the wide receiver department leaves the Eagles with a few tough decisions this offseason–especially when it comes to Jason Avant.
One of the top Philadelphia Eagles rumors this week involves how the team is expected to part ways with Avant. Philadelphia already has plenty on their plate when it comes to decide the future of Cooper and Jeremy Maclin with the team and when throwing Avant's name into the mix–it looks like the wideout could be the odd-man out.
Avant is coming off a 2013 season in which he caught 38 passes for 447 yards and two touchdowns, but it's difficult to imagine him posting similar numbers next year if the Eagles managed to bring both Cooper and Maclin back. Philadelphia has always loved having Avant in the lineup over the last eight years as he's been considered one of the most dangerous third-down receivers at times, but from a financial perspective–parting ways would make sense on Philadelphia's end.
To pay Avant $3.96 million on top of the $1 million roster bonus he's due to make in March–it just wouldn't be worth it for a player who would be the No. 3 or No. 4 wide receiver on the Eagles in 2014 depending on what happens with Cooper and Maclin.
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