text:
Right of Communication to the Public
For over five centuries now copyright has played a controversial part protecting the rights of authors. What started to stop the coping of books now has extended to a level that will not just stop the copy of a book by a printer but also a music track or software. The new age of technology however brought new challenges for the courts as to the respect of how copyright infringement can take place. International organizations implement several legislations over the years in order to stop copyright infringement even with the most sophisticated ways. The latest legislation implemented by the European Union, the Information society directive and has an objective to stop this various sophisticated ways of infringing copyright and protect the authors work. This directive provides the right of communication to the public, which provides the author to prohibit or authorize someone to access his work. Whether the steps taken by the international organizations have achieved their purposes is something that will be discussed below.
Communication is a controversial Human right, allowing everyone to have the right to communicate. Communication has interpreted to very broad meaning and goes beyond the level to receive communication or to be given information. In nowadays communication expands to various ways of online technology[1]. The right of communication to the public has roots from the Berne Convention for the protection of Literary and Artistic Works 1886. The modern incarnation of the communication right is to be found in WIPO Copyright treaty 1996. This exclusive right of the author can be found also in the Information society directive. The information society directive under article 3(1) it provides the authors, with the exclusive right to authorize or prohibit any communication to the public of the originals and copies of their works whether by wired or wireless means. Also under article 3(3) it provides that the right of communicating to the public and the right to the making available to the public of protected works will not be exhausted by any act of communication to the public or of making available to the public. Furthermore this right is protected under article 8 of the WIPO Copyright and under Article 11bis(i) of the Berne convention. These two articles were considered to play an important role in the interpretation of communication to the public. Base on Art. 11bis(1)(ii) it extends the right of communication to the public to cases where an additional audience is created for example giving the authors the right authorize or prohibit communication of their works in situations where advanced in technology has enable the communication. On the other hand Art.8 of the WCT supplements the Convention by providing an exclusive right of communication to the public on authors of all kind of works. The words of this provision it clear that article 8 WCT includes not only the concept of communication to the public, but also it provides a distinct right of making available to the public. Taking into account the directive it can be seen that the legislator has chosen not to define the notion of public neither any other similar directive nor legislation. This led to the members States to determine the meaning of the specify word. As a result now this word has been given different definitions and interpretation over the years. The broad meaning of this right can be found also in recital 23 of the directive which provides that the author's right of communication to the public should be understood in the broad sense covering all communications to the public not present at the place where the communication originates. It is clear that the legislation provides a very broad meaning of this right and it was left to the states to decide whether an infringement falls under this provision. The directive has been implemented to many members states legislations and it has been applied in many cases. The UK adopted the measures contained in article 3(1) of the directive in Section 20 of CDPA as some other European Countries.
In order to have a better understating as to where this right applies it requires analyzing some cases that the courts apply this directive. The leading case in on the communication right is the case of Sociedad General de Autores v Editores de Espana (SGAE) v Rafael Hoteles SA[2] this case SGAE , the Spanish collecting society which represents the authors and the publishers, issued legal proceedings against the Hotel owner for infringement of intellectual property rights, on the fact that the hotels rooms were equipped with televisions sets. The issue in this case was that an authorization for an act of communication to the public has not been requested. The SGAE sought for non-payment of the authorization fee. The national court has dismissed the case on the basis that the hotel rooms was strictly domestic location and therefore it could not constitute to an act of public communication and therefore not authorization was needed. The case was the referred to the ECJ. The court of appeal asked the ECJ to rule on three questions. The first question was whether the installation in hotel rooms of television sets to which a satellite or terrestrial television signals sent by cable constitute an act of communication to the public. Secondly the fact that the hotel was in a strictly domestic location can be regarded as communication to the public. And thirdly where a communication affected through television set inside a hotel bedroom is regarded as public because viewers have access to the work[3]. The ECJ in their ruling considered the Berne Convention precepts regarding the authors' rights to public communication. The court held that the installation of TV sets in the room that receives signal through cable does not constitute communication to the public. The ECJ gave a broad interpretation of communication to the public in this case, it was held that the distribution of a signal by means of television sets by a hotel to customers staying in its rooms and a technique is used to transmit the signal it will constitute the communication to the public right under article 3 of the InfoSoc Directive. The ECJ also added that the fact that the hotel had a private nature will not prevent the communication of a work by means of television sets from constitutes communication to the public. It was also noted that the communication to the public should be interpreted with a view to the overarching purpose of the Copyright directive to reward the authors[4]. It was clear in this case that the ECJ interpreted the term communication to the public very broadly where even the private nature of a place can result to constitute communication to the public.
Moreover, under the directive and the Treaty, the right of communication to the public covers also the making available to the public of works in such a way that they can be access them from a place at a time individually chosen by them. The right of making available was extended in the case of Newzbin[5]. In this case Kitchin J gave the term make available a more natural and ordinary meaning[6]. The issue in this case was whether a site build to index and categorized could constitute the right of communication. The great significance of this case is that a website does not need to be the party actually transmitting the content to be making available. It is clear from this case also that the exclusive authors' rights will extend also to websites. In this case although the website is outside the definition of broadcast, it is still under the restricted act of communication to the public, which is one of the most important since technology has become the main factor of copyright infringement. Therefore taking this case it is clear that even placing a work on website or facilitating a download from website for example by just providing a link will still constitute infringement and taking into account Recital 25 it describes this form of making available as interactive on demand transmissions it's clear that all holders of copyright and related rights should have an exclusive right to respect it[7].
It is clear from these two cases that the courts will give a broad meaning of the communication right. This right can be classified to provide three key elements. Firstly, the element of broadcasting which is defined as an electronic transmission of visual images and applies as seen in the hotel case where a hotel relays television programs to individual guest rooms. The second element of the communication right is the exclusive right to make the work available to the public and taking into account Recital 25 of the directive it provides that this right will cover interactive on demand transmissions such as video on demand. But as seen above it will cover most internet transmissions even where a person places a word on a website. And the third element of the communication right is "to the public". Taking into account the first case it will extend despite the private nature of a place and on the other hand despite the way that was made available to the public and this is what the ECJ keeps saying in their rulings, that the right of communication to the public must have broad meaning[8].
Furthermore even if the right to communication to the public has a broad meaning it will come across difficulties when it comes to the online environment since technology is always ahead of the legislation. An issue that may come across with this directive is that the directive refers to "the work" and as result this may lead to the interpretation that will not include small parts of the work[9]. Therefore this is less likely to apply when part of the work is uploaded since in the case of torrents leechers will upload small packets also in order to have the end result. However this was also proven to be wrong after the ruling in the case of the Pirate Bay[10] that even stretch the meaning of communication to the public to include this kind of websites also[11].
The right of communication to the public however is not always absolute, their several limitations and exceptions. These exceptions and limitations function to balance the economic interests of copyright holders and the user's interests.[12] These exceptions can be found in article 5(3) of the InfoSoc directive and provides that exceptions can be made in respect of benefiting teaching or scientific research, benefit people with a disability and more. Moreover under article 5(5) the exceptions and limitations provided shall only be applied certain special cases which do not conflict with normal exploitation of the work or other subject-matter and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder. This also included in article 11(1) of the WCT. This leads to the three steps test under the Berne Convention which can be found in article 9(2) of WCT. Until now no interpretation was given for the three-step test and as result again the interpretation varies by the national law as a result some limitations maybe allowed in one country but in another not.[13] More specifically taking the "certain special cases", the WTO panel interpreted the term "certain" as clearly defined. This has a result that even in the cases of research and private studies to be very difficult to define and therefore even this case can fail under the first step test. The interpretation for the second element of the test "no conflict with a normal exploitation of a work" has similar issues. The WTO Panel held that exceptions that will fall under this element whenever they permit uses of a work that can compete economically with the ways which a right holder normally extracts. The main issue of the interpretation of this element it that requires all three elements of test to be satisfied in order for an exception to consider legitimate[14]. It can be said that taking account the interpretations given by the Panel it hardly left any space for exceptions or limitations and therefore it would be very difficult for such an implementation. However it can still serve as to the balance of the readers and the authors because of the broad interpretation that it has.
Taking into account the legislation and the case law it can be seen that firstly the authors' right of communication is merely used by authors but rather by the rights holders as seen by the cases showing the extend that the right can take. Also taking into account that the main objective of the directive for harmonization[15], it has failed since members states let the interpretation to the national laws and as result different interpretations across the globe. As result what is considered infringement in one country will not considered to the other. On the other hand the different interpretations given to the right it provides an obsess protection to the right holder owner and removes the balance between owner and the user since all the decisions are in favor of the right owner. Furthermore taking into account the exceptions and limitations there is hardly place for other exceptions and even in the case of research it will be difficult to prove it. Even if article 5(n) includes research or private study and sounds ok, but in an electronic environment id does not, since user has to go to the information and not the information to the user since the article says "dedicated terminal on the premises", not even considering the case of downloading a book for review. It quite clear that under the directive is even more difficult to find defenses even if the purpose is legal offline.
In conclusion it can be said that the right of communication extends to online environment to a great extend even if it does not cover certain acts. The EU has taken a great step forward for the protection of the authors' exclusive rights and it looks that it will not stop here, the courts in every case interpreted the right even broader almost leaving no space for offenders. The SGAE case is good example of what extend this directive can take and also in the cases of sophisticated ways of technology like the torrents will still fall under the provisions of the right of communication. This can consider a further issue since the directive and the treaty will always benefit the author and remove the balance that exceptions provide.
- Bainbridege, D. (2010) Intelectual property 8th Edition
- Bride, M. (2004) Many voices, one world: towards a new, more just, and more efficient world
- Correa, M. (2010)Research handbook on the protection of intellectual property under WTO rules
- Derclaye, E. (2009) Research Handbook on the future of EU Copyright
- Mireille, M. Van Eechoud, M. and Bernt Hugenholtz, P. (2009) Harmonizing European copyright law: the challenges of better lawmaking
- Senftleben, M. (2004) Copyright, limitations, and the three-step test: an analysis of the three
- Bulger, L. Are works communicated through television sets in hotel rooms a 'communication to the public'?
- Arias, M. TV Signal in Hotel Rooms under the EU Copyright Directive
- S Backs Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp v Newzbin Ltd – a changing tide in the fight against online piracy: how significant is the Newzbin judgment?
- Rietjens, B. Give and Ye Shall Receive! The Copyright Implications of BitTorrent
- Edstrom, J. The Pirate Bay verdict – predictable, and yet…
- Griffiths, J. Rhetoric & the "Three-Step Test": copyright reform in the United Kingdom
- Wistam, H. and Andersson, T. The Pirate Bay Trial
- Bonadio, E. The High Court rules on 'communication to the public' and infringement of copyright in broadcasts
- Leong, S. and Saw, C. Copyright Infringement in a Borderless World – Does Territoriality Matter?
- Frabboni, M. European Union – communication to the public
Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp v Newzbin Ltd [2010] EWHC 608 (Ch); [2010] E.C.C. 13 (Ch D)
Public Prosecutor v Neij Unreported April 17, 2009 (TR (Stockholm))
Sociedad General de Autores v Editores de Espana (SGAE) v Rafael Hoteles SA [2006] ECR I-11519
[1] Bride, M. (2004) Many voices, one world: towards a new, more just, and more efficient world, p 172
[3] Arias, M. TV Signal in Hotel Rooms under the EU Copyright Directive
[4] Bulger, L. Are works communicated through television sets in hotel rooms a 'communication to the public'?
[5] Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp v Newzbin Ltd [2010] EWHC 608 (Ch); [2010] E.C.C. 13 (Ch D)
[6] Backs, S. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp v Newzbin Ltd – a changing tide in the fight against online piracy: how significant is the Newzbin judgment?
[7] Bainbridege, D. (2010) Intellectual property 8th Edition p170
[8] Kitchin J. on SGAE Case
[9] Rietjens, B. Give and Ye Shall Receive! The Copyright Implications of BitTorrent
[10] Public Prosecutor v Neij Unreported April 17, 2009 (TR (Stockholm))
[11] Edstrom, J. The Pirate Bay verdict – predictable, and yet…
[13] Correa, M. Research handbook on the protection of intellectual property under WTO rules p334
[14] Griffiths, J. Rhetoric & the "Three-Step Test": copyright reform in the United Kingdom
[15] Mireille M., Van Eechoud M. and Bernt Hugenholtz, P. Harmonizing European copyright law: the challenges of better lawmaking


text:
Everyday Amazon offers several ebooks for free. These books can be used on a Kindle, iPad, computer, phone or other electronic device. For your convenience I post an updated list of the current free books – check back daily to see which books you might be able to snag for FREE!!!
- Flying Lessons
- Thin Wire
- Pip! Zip! Hatch! Love!
- Dump Cake
- Love at Center Stage
- Fear Has a Name
- The Princess ABC Picture Book
- Bacon, Butter & Coconut Oil
- The Juggling Act
- Road To Recovery
Don't have a Kindle? Just download a free Kindle reading app!
Amazon has a selection of Kindles here (prices start at just $69).
Thanks SeeMomClick

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|28 Sep 1965
|Filing date
|6 Jun 1961
|Priority date
|6 Jun 1961
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Walter K French
|Original Assignee
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (15), Classifications (14)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Sept. 28, 1965 SYSTEM FOR MULTIPLE OUTPUT 0F SPOKEN MESSAGES Filed June 6, 1961 W. K. FRENCH FIG.|
3 Sheets-Sheet 1 OUTPUT CHANNELS A TTORNE Y6 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 W. K. FRENCH SYSTEM FOR MULTIPLE OUTPUT OF SPOKEN MESSAGES Sept. 28, 1965 Filed June 6, 1961 same 25;
Sept. 28, 1965 w. K. FRENCH SYSTEM FOR MULTIPLE OUTPUT OF SPOKEN MESSAGES Filed June 6, 1961 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 l 2E @258 8028525 fi 8E; 02% on QEQ mo mo dill mm o S J 2% m mm mo a Cum 2 & E1; :20 @7223 n. N- E0; 202 w 29mm 2525 V N m o 1 95 52,: 9mm 8! E; 75; mm Tam r mo m 228 mm 6 5%; 052 N k: o P M2: 02% 55% M92 E; 1. ME 525 mm 9 a 08 5 50d m2: 3:55 25 Eza 8\ United States Patent 0 3,209,074 SYSTEM FOR MULTIPLE OUTPUT 0F SPOKEN MESSAGES Walter K. French, Montrose, N.Y., assign-or to International Business Machines Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New York Filed June 6, 1961, Ser. No. 115,228 6 Claims. (Cl. 179-1) This invention relates to a system for the multiple output of spoken messages and more particularly to such a system in which a plurality of messages is composed from a reservoir of audio words and these message compositions are done simultaneously for a plurality of output message channels whereby each channel may contain an entirely diflFerent message.
Systems are known in which a number of different speech messages are separately stored on diflerent tracks of a constantly rotating drum in which control signals select one of these messages for transmission. Systems are also known in which a plurality of speech sounds are stored on a rotating drum and coded signals are used to synthesize the speech specified by the code. However, this invention is directed to the synchronous sampling of, individual speech sounds stored in individual tracks on a constantly rotating drum so that individual speech messages are composed and gated simultaneously to a plurality of selected output channels. Such is the broad object of this invention.
A further object is to achieve such a system while employing time division multiplexing or switching whereby the quantity of switching equipment is minimal.
These objects as well as others are achieved simultaneously in accordance with the present invention by a system for composing speech messages in a plurality of output channels, said messages being composed of at least one word that comprises means to store words in the form of audio signals at discrete addresses in a word storage device, means to store selected discrete addresses in a word address storage device, means to address said word storage device with said selected discrete adrcsses in accordance with a predetermined time multiplex sequence, means to condition said output channels to receive said words in accordance with said predetermined sequence, means to gate portions of said words as determined by said discrete address to said output channels whereby said predetermined repetitive sequence of addressing and gating results in the composition of said speech messages in said output channel.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be pointed out in the following description and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which disclose, by way of example, the principles of the invention and the best mode which has been contemplated of applying these principles.
In the drawings:
FIGURE 1 is a block diagram showing the system constructed in accordance with the present invention; and
FIGURES 2A and 2B comprise a diagrammatic representation of the components of the system constructed in accordance with the present invention.
Referring first to FIGURE 1, a constantly rotating drum has stored thereon in real time a plurality of words in audio signal form. Preferably there is one word per drum track. Each signal starts at the same time location on the drum and the beginning of each of the words is time related to a drum sync pulse preferably stored on a separate sync track. The sync pulse is fed to a computer or the like which responds by sending to the drum register a seven-bit word address which is to designate one of the word tracks on the drum.
The transfer of this first word address to the drum register initiates the operation of the control circuits. These control circuits perform a number of functions. Among these functions are the following: First, the scanner ring is stepped to store each successive word address received by the drum register into the core array. Second, the drum register is reset after each of the word addresses therein has been stored in the core array. Third, after the storage of each of the word addresses in the core array, the computer is ordered to send another word address to the drum register.
Ultimately, a plurality of word addresses is stored in the core array. Now, the stepping of the scanner ring reads out each of the word addresses to the drum register and the contents thereof are decoded by the decoding matrix. This matrix functions to gate a portion of a selected word from the drum to a selected output channel determined by the scanner ring. Output gating circuitry functions to accomplish this. As each word address is read out of the core array to the drum register and is decoded by the matrix, it is also read back into the core array. Repetition of this reading out process with the resultant repetitive sampling of selected words in the form of audio signals on designated drum tracks results in the composition of selected words in audio form in the output channels. Repeated loading and readout of the core array results in multiword messages in these output channels.
It should be noted that the word addresses are read out from the core array in a predetermined repetitive sequence as determined by the scanner ring and its connections to the core array. The scanner ring also establishes this predetermined sequence for conditioning the output channels. For instance, the word addresses in the array may be read out from the first word stored therein to the fiftieth word. As the first address is read out for decoding and addressing of the drum, the first output channel is simultaneously conditioned to receive that portion of the drum word which is so addressed. This portion may come from any one of the tracks on the drum, the particular track being determined by the contents of the drum register being decoded by the decoding matrix at that instant of time. By virtue of this scheme, time multiplexing or switching is achieved. In other words, during the first period of time a portion of the first word for channel 1 is gated to channel 1. During the second period of time, the first portion of the word for channel 2 is gated to channel 2. If there are, for instance, fifty output channels, then during the first fifty periods of time each channel receives the first portion of the first word ultimately to be incorporated into the message for said channel. During the second fifty periods of time, the second portion of each of the words is gated to each of the output channes. By repeating this process the first word in each of the messages for each of the output channels is composed. The second Word for these messages is similarly composed. Ultimately, after a number of these sequences, the entire message for each of the channels is composed.
Referring to FIGURES 2A and 2B, the word drum 10 contains a plurality of tracks thereon. In one particular embodiment there are 128 word tracks and one sync track. Words in the form of audio signals at real time are individually stored on the tracks, one word per track. There are a plurality of output channels which are identified herein from channel 1 to channel 50. By means to be explained, messages composed of a plurality of words selected from the drum tracks are composed and are simultaneously made available at the output channels. For instance, channel 1 may provide message 1, channel 2 may provide message 2, etc. A typical ap plication of this invention is in a stock quotation system. For instance, channel 1 may read out the fact that stock A is presently quoted at 12%. At the same time, channel 2 may readout that stock B is presently quoted at 25 /2. Means not shown may be provided for connecting to any one of the output channels depending upon the stock of interest.
The drum rotates at one revolution per second. Therefore, each word in the 128 tracks is made available once per second. All the audio signals constituting the words start at the same instant of time during the revolution, said time being correlated with the sync pulse in the 129th track. The outputs from the audio tracks on the drum are fed to the audio amplifiers WAl through WA128. There are 128 analog gates which are identified here as word gate 1 (W61) through word gate 128 (WG128). The outputs of all of these gates feed a common bus 11. This bus connects with analog gates associated with each of the output channels and here identified as 12 through 15. Low pass filters 12a-15a are employed to recover the audio signals from a sample data sequence. The use of such filters is conventional and is described in: Radio Telemetry," Second edition, by M. H. Nichols and L. L. Rauch, published by John Wiley & Sons, copyright 1956, with specific reference to chapter 16.
To better understand the operation of the inventive system, said operation has been divided into two parts; namely, (1) loading word memory and (2) readout from word memory.
(1) Loading word memory When the drum sync pulse is received from track 129 of the drum at the output of the pulse amplifier 16, it generates a command which instructs computer 18 to provide seven-bit addresses to be loaded into the word memory. The drum sync pulse also conditions control circuitry to enable the loading process as follows: The drum sync pulse resets flip-flop 1 (FFl), and flip-flop 2 (FF2) and sets flip-flop 3 (FPS). The drum sync pulse through each of the OR gates 19 through 22 associated with the word memory core array 23, resets all of the cores in the word memory core array 23, which is used to store the address words. There is one read and one write driver for each row of cores. This word memory core array is composed of a 7 x 50 array of two-state cores. In this particular instance, the dimensions are determined by the fact that there are 50 output channels to be serviced and the code employed in the system to designate the address Words identifying the respective audio tracks is a seven-bit code. The outputs of the OR gates 19 through 22 feed their associated read drivers, each of which provides full reset current to the associated cores. The set state of fiip-flop 3 de-conditions AND gate 26 so that the AUDIO SAM- PLE LINE is down to inhibit the decoding matrix 36. The drum sync pulse also turns on the RD-l stage of the scanner ring 28.
Now all of the cores in the word memory core array 23 have been reset. Flip-flops 1 and 2 have also been reset and flip-flop 3 has been set. The one megacycle clock 24 which is continuously in operation is supplying its output pulses to gate 25 but gate 25 is blocked because fiip-flop 1 is reset.
The drum sync pulse generates the signal START WORD TRANSFER in the computer which responds by sending the first seven-bit word into drum register 27. This computer word is not to be confused with the audio words on the drum. The computer supplied word is actually a drum track address. The first computer word is now in register 27.
FF3 provides the signal READ INHIBIT LEVEL. While the line READ INHIBIT LEVEL is up during loading of word memory, all sense amplifiers 41-47 are inhibited by this signal through OR gate 50.
At the time that this first computer word is transferred from the computer to register 27, the line COM- PUTER LOADS DRUM REGISTER goes up to set fiipflop 1 to unblock gate 25. The unblocking of gate allows clock pulses from generator 24 to pass to the control circuitry. This gate supplies a scanner ring stepping pulse to the scanner ring 28. The first stage of the scanner ring is identified as RD-l or read 1. It has been turned on by the drum sync pulse. Therefore, the first pulse from the clock 24 through gate 25 to the scanner ring steps the scanner ring to the WRT-1 (write 1) stage. This same first pulse will flip the flip-flop 2, through the complement input, to its set state to generate the first WRT PULSE. The set state of FFZ conditions gate 37. The turning on of WRT-1 stage in the scanner ring provides through the write driver associated therewith a one-half select current through the first row of cores. At the same time, the information stored in the seven-bit drum register 27 supplies one-half select current to selected columns of cores through the corresponding write drivers 29-35. The first WRT PULSE makes this possible since it is supplied in parallel to all of these write drivers 29 through to condition these write drivers. The first row of cores then receives the contents of register 27; that is, the first word transferred from the computer. This Write cycle requires one microsecond. The line AUDIO SAMPLE from AND gate 26 is down and therefore inhibits the decoding matrix 36 so that the contents of the register 27 do not affect said matrix and the analog gates connected to the output of said matrix.
The second clock pulse through gate 25 passes through gate 37 which is conditioned by the set state of FF2. Thi second pulse is fed to the complementing input of FFZ and resets FFZ but not before said second pulse gets through gate 37 to delay unit 38. This unit emits DRUM REGISTER RESET pulse shortly thereafter to reset register 27 through OR gate 39. The pulse output from OR gate 39 also passes through AND gate 40, conditioned by READ INHIBIT LEVEL, to supply the computer the signal WORD DEMAND. This causes the computer to transfer the second computer word to register 27. The second clock pulse steps the scanner ring to RD-2. The third clock pulse accomplishes the same as the first clock pulse with respect to said second computer word.
This process continues repetitively and the scanner ring is continuously stepped in this manner until the last thereof, namely, WRT50, is turned on. At this time the final word from the computer, the fiftieth word in this case, is stored in the last row of cores in the array 23.
(2) Readout from word memory The turning on of stage WRT- generates the signal WRT-50 which is fed to ilip-fiop 3 to reset said flip-flop to unblock AND gate 26. This occurs on the th micro-second pulse. The resetting of llip-ilop 3 brings down the line READ INHIBIT LEVEL. This line through OR gate 50, controls the operation of the output sense amplifiers 4l 47 associated with the array 23, to inhibit these amplifiers during loading of the array 23 when it is up. The next pulse (the 101st) that is fed to the scanner ring returns the ring to the RD-l stage. This supplies full reset current to the row 1 cores and these cores are thereby read out through the sense amplifiers 41 through 47, inclusive, and word 1 address stored in register 27. The 102ml pulse to scanner ring 28 steps the ring to WRT-L AND gate 26 being conditioned by fliptlop 3 in its reset state now passes this l02nd pulse to provide the first AUDIO SAMPLE pulse to the matrix 36. This sample pulse will permit the contents of register 27 to raise one of the lines at the output thereof, said line continuing in this state for the duration of the AUDIO SAMPLE pulse. Let us assume that it raises line 48. This then will condition word gate 1 (WGI) which is associated with the output of word amplifier l (WAI) which in turn is ussociatcd with the audio word stored in truck I of the word drum 10. The conditioning of word gate 1 by raising of output line 48 from matrix 36 will gate to the bus 11 a portion of the audio signal on track 1. It will suppy this portion to all of the gates 12 through 15, inclusive, for the 50 output channels. However, only AND 12 is conditioned by the WRT-1 pulse and this gate passes the audio sample to channel 1. The WRT-1 pulse laso writes the address in drum register 27 back into row 1 of the word memory 23. During this rewriting, the sense amplifiers 41-47 are inhibited by the WRT pulse applied to the sense amplifier through OR gate 50.
The scanner ring 28 continues to step through its stages, each of which controls the transfer of an address from word memory to drum register, the conditioning of one of the audio gates WGl-WG128, the conditioning of one of the analog gates l2-15 and the subsequent rewriting of the address back into the word memory. After stepping through the WRT50 stage, the ring steps to the RD1 stage and the cycle, which occupies 100 micro-seconds, is repeated.
This process of reading out from the core array to the register 27 and then decoding by the matrix 36 continues for one complete revolution of the word drum. At the end of this complete revolution the first word of a message has been supplied to each of the output channels, and of course these first words may be entirely different and usually are in a stock quotation system. During the construction of each word in the output channels, the audio tracks associated with each of the output channels are sampled once each 100 micro-seconds. If it is considered that the drum rotates once each second, then that means that each audio signal is sampled ten thousand times. Therefore, the reproduction of the signals on the track is quite complete.
When the drum has completed one revolution, the audio reproduction of the words on each of the output channels is complete and the occurrence of the drum sync pulse signals the computer that another group of 50 words to be read out on each of the output channels should be loaded into the word memory. Upon occurrence of the drum sync pulse, the loading process described previously is repeated until the entire message for each channel has been completely composed. Said messages may be repeated, changed, or staggered as desired.
In some cases a word of considerable length may be called for, i.e., one which can not be stored completely on one drum track. In this event, the first part of the word is stored on one track and the remaining part or parts on other tracks. These other tracks may or may not have other words or parts thereof stored thereon. The system can be programmed so that during one revolution the first part of this long word is read out and then during successive revolutions the remaining part or parts are read out.
Also all messages need not be started at the same time. Some may start at the first revolution and others at selected succeeding revolutions. Programming of the system accommodates this procedure.
While there have been shown and described and pointed out the fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to the preferred embodiment, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the device illustrated and in its operation may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is the intention, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the following claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A system for simultaneously composing speech messages in a plurality of output channels, said messages being composed of at least one word, said system comprising word storage means for concurrently storing a plurality of words in the form of audio signals at discrete addresses, address storage means to store concurrently a series of selected discrete addresses; output channel gating mean to condition said output channels in accordance with a repeated time multiplex sequence, to receive portions of said audio signals, the time duration of one such multiplex sequence being a small fraction of the time required to read out the audio signal stored at any one of said addresses; and means including said word address storage means operating synchronously with said time multiplex sequence to gate portions of the audio signals stored at said series of selected addresses individually and sequentially to said output channel gating means; whereby said predetermined repetitive sequence of addressing and gating results in the composition of said speech messages in each of said output channels.
2. The system recited in claim 1 wherein the word storage device is a rotating magnetic drum, said audio signals being stored in discrete tracks on said drum, and means to read the audio signals stored in each of said discrete tracks and to transmit said signals to said output channel gating means.
3. The system recited in claim 1 and an external source of addresses specifying words composing the speech messages for said plurality of output channels.
4. The system recited in claim 3 wherein said address storage means is a magnetic core memory, means for transferring a plurality of addresses from said external source of addresses to said magnetic core memory, each of said addresses specifying a word to be transmitted on a particular one of said plurality of output channels, and means to repetitively read each of said addresses out of said magnetic core memory and to repetitively restore each of said read out addresses into said magnetic core memory in accordance with said predetermined time multiplex sequence, said means to address said Word storage means being enabled by said read out addresses.
5. A system for simultaneously composing speech mes sages in a plurality of output channels, said messages being composed of at least one word, said system comprising an external source of addresses, each of said addresses specifying a particular word to be transmitted on corresponding ones of said output channels, a magnetic drum having a plurality of drum tracks, means for storing word in the form of audio signals in discrete tracks of said magnetic drum, a word address storage device, means to transfer a plurality of addresses from said external source of addresses to said word address storage device, means operating subsequently to the transfer of said plurality of addresses for sequentially and repetitively reading said addresses out of said word storage device in accordance with a predetermined time multiplex sequence, means to condition said output channels sequentially to receive said words in the form of audio signals in accordance with said predetermined sequence, and means to gate portions of said audio signals from said drum tracks to said output channels during each multiplex sequence, said last named means being enabled by the addresses read out of said word address storage device.
6. The system recited in claim 5 wherein said word address storage device includes a magnetic core memory and said means for selectively and repetitively reading said addresses out of said memory includes a scanner ring, said scanner ring being connected to said magnetic core memory so as to selectively address different groups of said cores in said memory.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS ROBERT H. ROSE, Primary Examiner. L. MILLER ANDRUS, Examiner.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|22 Sep 1954
|5 May 1959
|Rca Corp
|Electronic library system
|26 Sep 1957
|3 May 1960
|Bell Telephone Labor Inc
|Time assignment speech interpolation system
|9 Aug 1954
|19 Jul 1960
|Gen Electric
|Signal processing system
|2 Nov 1955
|8 Nov 1960
|Data storage and processing machine
|26 Sep 1957
|22 Nov 1960
|Bell Telephone Labor Inc
|Elastic multiplex speech interpolation system
|4 Sep 1958
|9 Jan 1962
|Bell Telephone Labor Inc
|Apparatus for utilizing variable length alphabetized codes
|23 Jan 1957
|25 Sep 1962
|British Telecomm Res Ltd
|Telephone or like systems
|9 Mar 1959
|12 May 1964
|Teleregister Corp
|Revisable data storage and rapid answer back system
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|18 Mar 1963
|3 Jan 1967
|Burroughs Corp
|Voice encoder
|17 Sep 1963
|22 Aug 1967
|North Electric Co
|Communication system for connecting subscribers to a multiplex message synthesizing system
|9 Oct 1970
|9 May 1972
|Nippon Telegraph & Telephone
|Audio response apparatus using partial autocorrelation techniques
|5 Oct 1972
|7 May 1974
|Apm Corp
|System for storing tone patterns for audible retrieval
|25 Sep 1974
|2 Nov 1976
|Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated
|Computer controlled automatic response system
|22 Jan 1973
|5 Apr 1977
|Gilbert Peter Hyatt
|Apparatus and method for providing interactive audio communication
|21 May 1976
|10 Jan 1978
|Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson
|Method of and apparatus for switching service information units in a TDM system
|5 May 1980
|5 Oct 1982
|Pierre Gallet G
|Multi-responder telephone intercept apparatus
|14 Dec 1977
|11 Aug 1987
|Hyatt Gilbert P
|Computer system architecture using serial communication
|1 Oct 1973
|25 Apr 1989
|Hyatt Gilbert P
|Monolithic data processor with memory refresh
|14 Dec 1977
|9 May 1989
|Hyatt Gilbert P
|Microcomputer control of machines
|24 Apr 1989
|23 Jan 1990
|Hyatt Gilbert P
|Data processor having integrated circuit memory refresh
|15 Jan 1993
|8 Aug 1995
|Vanfleet; Earl E.
|Listening and display unit
|22 Jan 1990
|14 Jan 1997
|Hyatt; Gilbert P.
|Computer system having a serial keyboard, a serial display, and a dynamic memory with memory refresh
|9 Apr 1991
|25 Mar 1997
|Hyatt; Gilbert P.
|Integrated circuit computer system having a keyboard input and a sound output
|U.S. Classification
|360/12, 704/211
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Jaguars get final approval for $63M scoreboards
JACKSONVILLE, Fla. (AP) -- Two days after getting their first win on the field, the Jacksonville Jaguars got another one off it.
Jacksonville's city council approved funding for EverBank Field upgrades Tuesday night. The council voted 14-2 to authorize enhancements that include $63 million scoreboards, which are expected to be the largest in the world.
Construction is scheduled to begin in January, with an expected completion date in July. The scoreboards should raise the city's profile in regards to bidding for the college football playoffs.
The city will pay $43 million, with much of it coming from a 2 percent charge on area hotel guests. Jaguars owner Shad Khan has committed to pay the remaining $20 million, bringing his investment since buying the team in November 2011 to $31 million.
AP NFL website: www.pro32.ap.org


text:
After a year of development and adding priceless content, Child Friendly SA is ready to be launched!
What is Child Friendly SA?
It is a mobile app for iOS and Android containing over 2800 venues that are 100% child friendly across South Africa.
This means as a parent you now have tons of choices when it comes to restaurants, accommodation, activities and attractions. No longer will you go to the Spur by default because they are the most well known child friendly venue. You can now discover new places and be assured that your little critters are 100% welcome.
This app is straight to the point. None of the clutter you will find on other trip type apps. If you want to find a child friendly attraction near your GPS location you simply open the app and tap on Attractions. You will instantly see a whole list of things to do with your little ones.
This app was developed by DreamWeave Digital and it is looking for a new owner that would like to launch it to the South African market. Once the app has sufficient downloads the 2800 venues in the app will each pay R100 per month to be listed in the app.


text:
Perhaps one reason you think landing a green job seems to be nearly impossible is because you are looking in all of the wrong places. If you are not totally attached to the idea of remaining close to home and are open to venturing out in pursuit of your dream green job, then you can consider searching for green job opportunities in one of the top five U.S. cities for green employment. Online job search engines make searching for available green positions in your city of interest extremely easy. U.S. Green Technology's green jobs board also lists several green jobs in a multitude of U.S. cities.
1. Knoxville, Tenn.
You probably did not expect to see Tennessee represented on the list of the top green jobs cities in the United States. Most people's minds drift to larger areas such as California or New York. However, in Knoxville, about one in every 20 jobs is green, according to a 2011 Brookings Institution report titled "Sizing the Clean Economy: A National and Regional Green Jobs Assessment." This city had 16,135 green jobs in 2010, with several green jobs being available at the area's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a research facility of almost 5,000 employees.
2. Raleigh-Cary, N.C.
Raleigh-Cary also is a suitable option for a place in which you can begin your green job search. About 3.3 percent of jobs in the area are green jobs, and growth in the green industry has reached 13.7 percent. A majority of the metropolitan area's green jobs are in the areas of construction/architecture services, pollution reduction, smart grids and training.
3. Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
In Des Moines-West Des Moines, the jobless rate is a low 5.8 percent, so this city virtually has been unaffected by the current recession. The metropolitan area has generated more than 2,500 green jobs over the past several years. In fact, city officials set up the Des Moines Energy and Environmental Task Force and facilitated a new program to develop green jobs that involve replanting trees. A new waste reclamation system also has resulted from the city's exploration of green opportunities.
4. Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Ariz.
You should go to this metropolitan area if you are interested in getting into the growing wind power industry or claiming jobs associated with the production of electric vehicles as well as green products for consumers. All of these areas are growing in Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway. In fact, Little Rock Mayor Mark Stodola's aim is to make the city the "greenest city in the South."
5. Albany-Schenectady-Troy, N.Y.
New York did make the list of states with the top five cities for producing green jobs. A total of 6.3 percent of jobs in Albany were green last year – the biggest share of any large city area in the United States. You can flock to Albany to find jobs in a wide range of clean-energy areas, such as fuel cell development, battery technologies and wind energy. Environmental research and hydropower are other areas featuring green employment in this area as well.
Other cities in the top 10 green jobs municipalities include: Ogden-Clearfield, Utah; McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, Texas; Tulsa, Okla.; Toledo, Ohio; and Albuquerque, N.M.
Sign-up for U.S. Green Technology's weekly newsletter to receive the latest green technology information, including the latest green jobs, blogs, news, and events.


text:
The Curve is the iconic new face of the world famous Piccadilly Lights
The most prestigious advertising location in the world has displayed the logo of the Japanese tech giant TDK for the past 24 years. There is now a rare and exciting opportunity for a landmark brand to call The Curve their home.
The Curve's state of the art full motion 101.3m² screen is the most prominent location on the Piccadilly Lights.
Wildstone has been appointed by Land Securities to secure a brand for The Curve.
For any brands interested in the opportunity to have their name in lights at The Curve, please contact Damian Cox or Sinead Hensey by e-mail or call 020 7313 9571.


text:
2015 Performances
Sun Oct 11
Virginia Opera: Orpheus in the Underworld
Carpenter Center (Richmond)
2016 Performances
Wed Apr 13
Fox Theater Pomona
Sat Apr 16
Fox Theater - Oakland
A Underworld setlist is a compilation of all the songs Underworld has played live in concert. Many Underworld concerts have the same setlist, and sometimes Underworld setlists will vary from night to night. We've gathered together 2018 Underworld tour setlists as well as past Underworld setlists to give you a better idea of what you can expect at your local Underworld show. If you have a Underworld song list you would like to upload, please check back as that functionality will be added soon, as well as setlists for Underworld.


text:
Charles W. Calomiris Professor of Financial Institutions, Columbia :
The main benefit of the filibuster is the limitations that it imposes on logrolling, which is generally harmful to the public. When the founders established the Senate as a check on the populist tendencies of the House they did not see a need for a filibuster rule. Of course, at our founding many did not envision the two-party system that rapidly evolved after the Constitution, without which the filibuster would not be needed. The two-party system forms political coalitions to achieve a voting majority based on within-party logrolling (credibly trading votes today on one issue for votes tomorrow on another). In a three- or four- or no- party system, logrolling would be much less efficient; in that world, if a simple majority favored a bill, the bill likely would reflect the will of the people.
In a two-party system, however, a narrow majority may vote for a bill only because of the indirect desire of placating its backers in order to achieve another goal. Logrolling would be desirable if it allowed the achievement of an indirect objective desired by the people, but in my view, that ultimate indirect objective is too opaque for most voters to understand, and hence logrolling is more likely to create mischief by advancing the selfish objectives of suborned or dictatorial politicians rather than the will of the people. In my mind, that is the chief justification for the filibuster, which raises the hurdle for logrolling.
Achieving the support of 60 rather than 51 votes usually requires some bipartisanship, and thus makes it hard to win a vote through pure intra-party logrolling (logrolling is much easier if the trading is done within the party, when the party leadership can act as a "bank" to enforce a vote lending system that trades current for future votes).


text: Menstrual Cycle Mediates Vastus Medialis and Vastus Medialis Oblique Muscle ActivityTENAN, MATTHEW S.1,2; PENG, YI-LING1; HACKNEY, ANTHONY C.3; GRIFFIN, LISA1Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise: November 2013 - Volume 45 - Issue 11 - p 2151–2157 doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318299a69d Applied Sciences Abstract Author Information Purpose Sports medicine professionals commonly describe two functionally different units of the vastus medialis (VM), the VM, and the vastus medialis oblique (VMO), but the anatomical support is equivocal. The functional difference of the VMO is principle to rehabilitation programs designed to alleviate anterior knee pain, a pathology that is known to have a greater occurrence in women. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the motor units of the VM and VMO are differentially recruited and if this recruitment pattern has an effect of sex or menstrual cycle phase. Methods Single motor unit recordings from the VM and VMO were obtained for men and women during an isometric ramp knee extension. Eleven men were tested once. Seven women were tested during five different phases of the menstrual cycle, determined by basal body temperature mapping. The recruitment threshold and the initial firing rate at recruitment were determined from 510 motor unit recordings. Results The initial firing rate was lower in the VMO than that in the VM in women (P < 0.001) but not in men. There was no difference in recruitment thresholds for the VM and VMO in either sex or across the menstrual cycle. There was a main effect of menstrual phase on initial firing rate, showing increases from the early follicular to late luteal phase (P = 0.003). The initial firing rate in the VMO was lower than that in the VM during ovulatory (P = 0.009) and midluteal (P = 0.009) phases. Conclusion The relative control of the VM and VMO changes across the menstrual cycle. This could influence patellar pathologies that have a higher incidence in women. 1Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX; 2Human Research and Engineering Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD; and 3Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC Address for correspondence: Lisa Griffin, Ph.D., Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Bellmont 222, 1 University Station, D3700, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. Submitted for publication March 2013. Accepted for publication April 2013. © 2013 American College of Sports Medicine


text:
Would you like to save as your currency permanently or for this visit only?
Casa Polty Hotel offers practical, budget-friendly accommodations in Manizales. It is located only two blocks from Plaza Bolivar and surrounded by several shops and stores. The rooms are equipped with practical services, such as wireless Internet and cable TV. Stay here on your trip to Manizales, enjoy a free breakfast and make the most of your budget.


text:
Artist: Konstantin Reinfeld
Album: Algiedi
Genre: Fusion, Crossover Jazz
Label: Mons Records
Released: 2015
Quality: FLAC (tracks)
01. None of That Matters
02. We've Met Before, Haven't We?
04. Om de Rotonde
05. Algiedi (The Life and Death of a Star)
06. Floaters
07. 142857
08. Stepless Shenanigans
09. Ms. Skvirelle
10. Glasberg's Coda
11. Static Motion
12. There from the Start
13. Reality Check
To download faster without limits and to support jazznblues.club -
buy a premium account on Alfafile through our files via VISA/Master Card.
Thank to everyone, who supports us - we wouldn't be able to have this site without you!


text:
Cross-Country Evidence on Output Growth Volatility: Nonstationary Variance and GARCH Models
This paper revisits the issue of conditional volatility in real GDP growth rates for Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Previous studies find high persistence in the volatility. This paper shows that this finding largely reflects a nonstationary variance. Output growth in the six countries became noticeably less volatile over the past few decades. In this paper, we employ the modified ICSS algorithm to detect structural change in the variance of output growth. One structural break exists in each of the six countries after identifying outliers and mean shifts in the growth rates. We then use generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity ( GARCH) specifications, modeling output growth and its volatility with and without the break in volatility. The evidence shows that the time-varying variance falls sharply in Canada and Japan, and disappears entirely in Germany, Italy, the U.K. and the U.S., once we incorporate the break in the variance equation of output for the six countries. That is, the integrated GARCH (IGARCH) effect proves spurious and the GARCH model demonstrates misspecification, if researchers neglect a nonstationary variance. Moreover, we also consider the possible effects of our more correct measure of output volatility on output growth as well as the reverse effect of output growth on its volatility. The conditional standard deviation possesses no statistical significance in all countries, except a significant negative effect in Japan. The lagged growth rate of output produces significant negative and positive effects on the conditional variances in Germany and Japan, respectively. No significant effects exist in Canada, Italy, the U.K., and the U.S.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
|47 pages
|Date of creation:
|Apr 2007
|Date of revision:
|Mar 2008
|Publication status:
|Published in Scottish Journal of Political Economy, September 2008
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: University of Connecticut 365 Fairfield Way, Unit 1063 Storrs, CT 06269-1063
Phone: (860) 486-4889
Fax: (860) 486-4463
Web page: http://www.econ.uconn.edu/
More information through EDIRC
No references listed on IDEAS
You can help add them by filling out this form.
This item is not listed on Wikipedia, on a reading list or among the top items on IDEAS.
When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:uct:uconnp:2007-20. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (Mark McConnel)
If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.
If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form.
If the full references list an item that is present in RePEc, but the system did not link to it, you can help with this form.
If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.
Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.


text:
Welcome to my blog. I write about autism, running, my family, and various other random aspects of life that fascinate or mystify me.
Just for fun, here are five random facts about me:
1. When I finished high school, my goal was to do psychology research. I accidentally became a computer programmer instead. I morphed from programming into I.T. project management, but I had too much disdain for corporate politics to be really good at it. Now I am self-employed as a writer. I love the work but my boss never gives me time off.
2. I absolutely detest olives. Once, when I was in my early teens, an aunt gave me an olive and told me it was a grape. I had trust issues for a while after that.
3. I'm afraid of spiders, ladders and the Bloor Viaduct.
4. Sometimes, on slow days, I wonder how they know that all snowflakes are unique. Does someone sit there and examine them all?
5. I'm left-handed. This is apparently a trait I share with 85% of polar bears (I'd love to have dinner with the guy who did that research – imagine the questions I could ask).
Sometimes, when I write my blogs, I actually do make sense.
There are ways and means for you to connect with me outside of this blog. You can follow me on Twitter or get updates on my Facebook page. You can also visit my website or send me an email.


text:
Also Known As
- Gary Boodhoo
Game Credits
|The Elder Scrolls Online: Tamriel Unlimited (2015)
|(Lead User Experience Designers)
|The Elder Scrolls Online (2014)
|(User Experience Designer)
|The Sims 3 (2009)
|(UI Designer)
|Star Wars: The Force Unleashed (Ultimate Sith Edit... (2009)
|(UI Design)
|Zombie Apocalypse (2009)
|(Design Team)
|Madden NFL 2005 (2004)
|(Senior Graphic Designer)
|Madden NFL 2004 (2003)
|(Senior Interface Designer)
|Star Wars: The Force Unleashed (2008)
|(User Interface Design)
|Madden NFL 2004 (2003)
|(Senior Interface Designer)
|MX vs. ATV: Untamed (2007)
|(Special Thanks)
Developer Biography
There is no biography on file for this developer.
[add bio]
If you have a portrait of this person, you can upload it to the MobyGames database.
Related Sites
There are no related websites on file for this developer. If you know of any related websites for the person, please consider contributing them.


text: Andrei Popescu wrote: > On Wed,16.Sep.09, 13:24:12, Robert P. J. Day wrote: >> >> if i read this correctly, you're suggesting that if the "server" >> packages already have entries (100-999) in the passwd/group/shadow >> files (carried over from the old system), they'll keep the same UID? >> yes, that would be convenient if it's true. > > Yes, groups created by a package are not removed, not even on purge (I > still have the 'Debian-exim' user and group, though I purged it and > replaced it with postfix). If that same package is reinstalled it will > reuse the user:group, this is why it should work. > I think it depends on the packager decision and effort - some packages remove the user some not. but thanks I didn't know that I can use parts of older system and reinstall new one - if this is what is described here and I'm understanding it correct. regards


text:
For this week's Guest Post Friday, we welcome back Melissa Dewey Brumback. Melissa is a North Carolina construction lawyer and a partner at Ragsdale Liggett in Raleigh. She mostly represents architects and engineers in construction-related lawsuits. She also guides owners, developers, general contractors, and designers in drafting effective, efficient contract documents to minimize risk before projects commence. She can be reached at her blog, www.constructionlawNC.com, at firstname.lastname@example.com, or at 919-881-2214.
The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place.
Communication in this day and age happens fast and often. Or does it? Problems can arise when people misunderstand one another. On a construction project, such misunderstandings can lead to multi-million dollar damages. With proper communication, however, you can stop a problem from becoming a lawsuit.
Ideally, on a construction project, a perfect set of plans is issued, the Project is staffed with well-qualified, organized subcontractors, the Owner is timely and responsive, and the Project is completed on time and under budget. Does that even remotely sound like a construction project you've worked on? Not likely. Instead, THINGS happen. Questions on plans arise. One subcontractor delays another subcontractor. The general contractor's superintendent leaves for a better gig somewhere else. The Owner is noncommittal and frequently changes his mind. Rain, sleet, snow, and hurricanes happen. Or, all of the above happens on your "Project from Hell."
In these cases, communication is key. You should strive to always communicate the proper information, to the proper person, at the proper time. Consider these scenarios:
- You are the GC of record. Your plumbing subcontractor is performing poorly on a commercial construction project. However, your day-to-day contact, the plumbing company's site superintendent, keeps you informed. He tells you of the problems with material shipments, labor issues, or plan conflicts. You can then modify the schedule, change the critical path, or take other steps to mitigate issues.
- Conversely, your plumbing subcontractor hides its issues from you, the G.C. You do not know why delays are occurring, and you are making promises to the Owner about Project completion that go unfulfilled. The Owner starts to talk liquidated damages.
Clearly, you would rather have a good communication, like in Example 1 above. However, what if you are in situation #2 above? Seek out communication from your subcontractor. Investigate the reasons for the delay. Take steps to minimize delays that will make the Project fall behind schedule.
This may take some real, face-to-face meetings with your subcontractor. Bite the bullet. Do not send one measly email asking for an explanation. Sit down, talk, document the meeting, and follow up. Can you solve every problem this way? No. But, you will have a good start. And, if you are actively keeping everyone informed, documenting follow up items and verbal agreements, you stand a much better chance later, if you have to face a jury.
Which position would you rather have to communicate to a jury?
- You don't have any records. However, you swear that you met with the subcontractor, and that the subcontractor promised to accelerate at its own cost to make up project delays. OR
- You not only met with the subcontractor, but you have a meeting follow up note written shortly afterwards where you confirmed the subcontractor was going to self-accelerate his work, at his cost.
When you communicate, preferably in person and with written follow-up, you have done several things:
- You've helped to move the Project along and stay on schedule
- You've lit a fire under your poor-performing subcontractor
- You've documented the file in case you need it later, in a court of law.
Remember, one throw-away email, with no follow-up, doesn't cut it. You should be pro-active on your jobs. Not only can communication prevent or minimize problems, it can also be a good marketing tool to show potential clients how you go the extra effort to make sure their projects are done on time, every time.
As always, Melissa and I welcome your comments below. Please subscribe to keep up with this and other Guest Post Fridays at Construction Law Musings.


text:
When my good friend Andy designed my REBRAND recently, I was drawn to the combination of chocolate brown and lime green; it reminded me of those sweets, you know... what were they called... oh yes, CHOCOLATE LIMES.
Sounds like a good theme for a UK "PICKS" blog!
First out of the bag, the aptly named Chocolate Limes - handmade lampwork beads bracelet by dizzydesigns.
Alright, I know its not really the weather for thinking about knitwear but 'The Wentwood', a hand knitted OOAK leaf green, oatmeal and forest brown scarf by whatkatyhad looks gorgeous.
Talking of 'gorgeous', my final pick is Three Trees by Gorjuss, one of my all time favourites. This piece is currently available as an 8 x 10 Semi-Gloss Print. Beautiful.
Sian :)


text:
In our age, it's impossible to claim that any force has changed the nature of human interactions more than social media. Indeed, in 2005, when The Facebook was a small start-up, Mark Zuckerberg was interviewed saying, "The goal wasn't to create an online community, but a mirror for the real community that exists in real life." From networking to business to dating, social media has been the most revolutionary change in human interaction since the origin of language.
Perhaps this change is nowhere darker and more Orwellian than in the use of social media as a tool of ideological warfare, propaganda, and social engineering. As John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt of RAND Corporation write in their 1993 visionary tract on social media weaponization Cyberwar is Coming!, "At a deeper level, [warfare of the future will be] about 'knowledge'—about who knows what, when, where, and why, and about how secure a society or a military is regarding its knowledge of itself and its adversaries."
The age of netwar is here. Its combatants? The Western order and the cohorts of illiberalism—namely, right-wing nationalism and Islamic jihadism.
Putin's Russia, in a concerted effort to fracture the North Atlantic Treaty Organization bloc, has undertaken a vast program of development in its social media arsenal. RT, formerly Russia Today, is a propaganda organ of the Russian state hidden unassumingly in the Facebook feeds of millions of Americans boasting the slogan, "Question more," and priding itself on giving Western audiences the Kremlin's "second opinion." Putinism, by its nature as a reaction to the capitalist and democratic reforms of Yeltsin's Russia in the 1990s, and its habit of saber-rattling, is predicated on the narrative of the failure of democracy. Thus, it is no coincidence Russia has funded and supported through state media a network of far-right political parties stringing across Europe and North America, in a concerted effort to destabilize and delegitimize liberal democracy.
This effort on the part of the FSB extends to social media, with the Russian state allegedly hiring armies of internet trolls to scour discussions with keywords such as NATO, Ukraine, the 2016 Presidential election, and Brexit. The sheer magnitude of these operations have extended Russia's range of influence from Eastern Europe to even the greatest citadel of life, liberty, and property. As Emerson T. Brooking and P.W. Singer write in The Atlantic, "After Election Day, we should not be surprised to find a vocal group of internet users with mysterious IP addresses decrying the result as a fraud and driving talk of conspiracy—and even of resistance or secession. In time, we may see a multiplying number of homegrown violent extremists (along the lines of the infamous Oregon militiamen), encouraged by the subtle manipulation of a certain rival government."
The effects of new digital forms of combat can further be seen in the rise of ISIS in the nightmares, Twitter feeds, and public spaces of the West. In the words of Brooking and Singer, Daesh "Spreads a panic online. Immaculately staged photos, filtered through Instagram, transformed a ragtag force riding in dusty pickup trucks into something larger than life. Armies of Twitter bots twisted small, one-sided skirmishes into significant battlefield victories. Hashtags were created and pushed (and others hijacked) to shape and hype the story." Controlling the story is no longer a power reserved in the hands of powerful bureaucrats and national security officials. Political and social narratives can be spun by a few operatives and magnified across borders and media platforms. According to a 2016 paper published in the Proceedings of the National Institute of Science, the number of friends who disseminated the content and the content's adherence to their preconceptions are the two most powerful determinants of whether a person adopts and shares material or drops it. In the context of Daesh, this means packaging beheadings and mass-murder with seemingly genuine testimonials from fighters, humanizing the cause in the eyes of potential recruits.
More broadly, the move towards social media as a tool of state subterfuge and intimidation should be expected to continue though not condoned. The question on the part of all of us, on the other hand, is how to respond. Should the United States develop its own RT-esque media platform? Can the government legitimately use propaganda as a defense policy tool without violating the principles of the Constitution or human rights? As Machiavelli writes his seminal treatise Il Principe, "Prudence consists in being able to assess the nature of a particular threat and in accepting the lesser evil." Even in the context of traditionally morally ambiguous concerns such as national security and fighting terror, distinguishing this lesser evil is a balancing act between a libertarian consideration of natural rights and the Hobbesian sense of liberty through stability.
Using information as a weapon has massive implications for the future of state power on the Internet, and is a power that must be regulated and have established, universal norms. Just as the telegraph allowed witnesses to become news authorities in the age of World Wars and revolution, social media will inform, manipulate, and distort our sense of American identity, civic religion, and role in the world. Left to itself, it is an existential threat to democracy and this nation.


text:
The Sacrifice of Gandhari
© K. L. Kamat
The Sacrifice of Gandhari
Painting by Nandalal Bose
Gandhari, the wife of Dhritarashtra is a very interesting character from
Mahabharat. Married to a blind man, she thought she should not enjoy any
luxuries of life that are denied to the husband, and blinded herself with
a cloth. Artist Bose, one of India's most famous, illustrates Gandhari
using a girlfriend (sakhi) to learn the whereabouts from a
The Mahabharata
Merchandise and Link Suggestions
Top of Page


text:
Python 3: Create sparklines using matplotlib
I recently wanted to create sparklines to show how some values were changing over time. In addition, I wanted to generate them as images on the server rather than introducing a JavaScript library.
Chris Seymour's excellent gist which shows how to create sparklines inside a Pandas dataframe got me most of the way there, but I had to tweak his code a bit to get it to play nicely with Python 3.6.
This is what I ended up with:
import matplotlib matplotlib.use("Agg") import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import base64 from io import BytesIO def sparkline(data, figsize=(4, 0.25), **kwags): """ Returns a HTML image tag containing a base64 encoded sparkline style plot """ data = list(data) fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=figsize, **kwags) ax.plot(data) for k,v in ax.spines.items(): v.set_visible(False) ax.set_xticks([]) ax.set_yticks([]) plt.plot(len(data) - 1, data[len(data) - 1], 'r.') ax.fill_between(range(len(data)), data, len(data)*[min(data)], alpha=0.1) img = BytesIO() plt.savefig(img, transparent=True, bbox_inches='tight') img.seek(0) plt.close() return base64.b64encode(img.read()).decode("UTF-8")
I had to change the class used to write the image from StringIO to BytesIO and I found I needed to decode the bytes produced if I wanted it to display in a HTML page.
This is how you would call the above function:
if __name__ == "__main__": values = [ [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10], [7,10,12,18,2,8,10,6,7,12], [10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1] ] with open("/tmp/foo.html", "w") as file: for value in values: file.write('

'.format(sparkline(value)))
And the HTML page looks like this:


text:
Minuteman Press Lakewood
180 South Union Blvd. Ste. 107
Lakewood, CO 80228
Phone 720-643-5146
Monday - Friday
Monday - Friday
Monday - Friday
We want to make the process of doing business with us as easy as possible. Even when we close our doors for the day, we're still ready to help you.
Our Online Tools area provides customers with 24-hour access to our services. From here you can request an estimate, place an order, transfer a file or review a proof all from the convenience of your home or office.


text:
Skip to comments.C.I.A. Defends Officer's Firing in Leak Case
Posted on 04/25/2006 8:57:49 PM PDT by Lancey Howard
WASHINGTON, April 25 The Central Intelligence Agency on Tuesday defended the firing of Mary O. McCarthy, the veteran officer who was dismissed last week, and challenged her lawyer's statements that Ms. McCarthy never provided classified information to the news media.
But intelligence officials would not say whether they believed that Ms. McCarthy had been a source for a Pulitzer Prize-winning series of articles in The Washington Post about secret C.I.A. detention centers abroad. Media accounts have linked Ms. McCarthy's firing to the articles, but the C.I.A. has never explicitly drawn such a connection
A C.I.A. spokeswoman, Jennifer Millerwise Dyck, said: "The officer was terminated for precisely the reasons we have given: unauthorized contacts with reporters and sharing classified information with reporters. There is no question whatsoever that the officer did both. The officer personally admitted doing both."
(Excerpt) Read more at nytimes.com ...
Yes it was. However, the CIA stated again today that McCarthy provided classified sensitive information to several media sources on several occassions, and she admitted to it.
I am sure they have a signed confession to this. She is in allot of trouble.
Thanks, probably the same facts in both articles, just different bylines.
Book deal to follow.
Since the Bush Justice Department refuses to prosecute the leakers of this and the NSA info, the Bush Whitehouse should shut the heck up about them. They obviously don't think the leaks are all that bad.
<< the CIA authorized McCarthy on a number of occasions to talk with reporters >>
We can now see what her defense is shaping up to be. The CIA says she admitted sharing classified information to reporters. Her lawyer says she never confessed to "LEAKING" it.
So she will claim she believed she had the green light from someone senior to her to share the classified info with reporters, and it was therefore not an illegal "leak."
Take it to court, get some convictions.
How long before the Marxists trot out the "witch hunt" meme, aye?
Throw her ass in jail now.
Coerced...To force to act or think in a certain way by use of pressure.
In my thinking, that 'pressure' could be she was faced with "We have the PROOF"
If my damaged memory serves me (or their recruiter may have stretched a little), CIA employees are under the 20 year rule for retirement eligibility the same as the armed forces. Thus she may be eligible to have her pension stripped. Not really sure about this one.
Anyhow Rush scored a big one refering to the Dims as the "Culture of Treason".
Allow me...I've been shouting this from every thread since I came across it a couple days ago:
1998 African Embassy bombing charges by the Clinton administration against the perps were for WMDs.
Car bombs.
I'm not following your post.
"Officials said that Ms. McCarthy's security clearance was pulled when she was fired, but that no consideration was given to taking away the pension she had earned as a career C.I.A. employee."
I predict there will be no "pension". The woman is a traitor.
Unless the CIA makes an example of this scum, the problem will continue.
No, it was not part of the NYT story. This sounds like more spinning from McCarthy's lawyers. Next we will learn that Porter Goss accompanied McCarthy on her meetings with the reporters.
"But intelligence officials would not say whether they believed that Ms. McCarthy had been a source for a Pulitzer Prize-winning series of articles in The Washington Post about secret C.I.A. detention centers abroad."
This source of officials should also be fired. I bet the "official" is another Clintonista.
"He didn't say she didn't do it. He only says she didn't admit it."
Obviously if she didn't admit it, she cannot be a whistleblower.
"This stuff should have been confronted earlier and harder."
Actually, we want this to be as close to November as possible. The closer it gets, the more the RATS could get bashed as Traitors to this country.
Citizens will always accept a bit of corruption as part of doing business. No one accepts treason.
"So she will claim she believed she had the green light from someone senior to her to share the classified info with reporters, and it was therefore not an illegal "leak.""
Want to bet it was a Clinton appointee?
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


text:
|« Обратно в резултатите
Адрес на Хотела - P.O BOX 116945, KARAMA, DUBAI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Телефон - 971-4-3366607
Факс - 971-4-3341661
Описание на хотелаlocation: This hotel is located in Karama, found in the centre of Dubai's buzzing shopping and business districts. Nearby are the famous markets and shopping centres including Burjuman, with the World Trade Centre only a 3 km drive away. The closest beach is 6 km away, and Dubai's historic creek can be found in close proximity.
rooms: The quality and standard of these medium to large rooms is clean and well maintained. The spacious entrance is comfortably fitted with modern furniture and bedding. The bathrooms are average in size and clean.
restaurant: The hotel features many dining outlets, including one restaurant, a coffee shop, an Internet lounge, one sports club, two bars and two themed nightclubs.
exterior: This low-rise building is modern and recently renovated.
lobby: The medium-sized lobby is clean and welcoming. The reception can be found directly upon entering the hotel, and seating areas have been provided for waiting guests.
general: This hotel is of a good standard and really separates itself from surround hotels in its classification. With great location and a good standard of accommodation, this is an ideal hotel for both business and leisure travellers working within a budget. A pool and gym are also available to guests. (MK 06/07)


text:
Management Team
Our Management Team is truly a team. A group of diversely talented individuals, they work creatively, cooperatively, and passionately to further the work and the vision of Alternatives.
Dennis H. Rice
Executive Director
Michael Seibold
Director of Community Services
Philip Ingersoll-Mahoney
Director of Administration and Finance
Andrea Long
Director of Clinical Services
Suzanne LeBeau
Director of Quality Management
Arlene Beck
Director of Individualized Support Services
Donna Macleod Prior
Director of Individualized Support Services
Kelley Gamble
Director of Mental Health Services
Karen Goldenberg
Director of Marketing and Development
Lisa Jeronymo
Director of Human Resources
Sandra Marquis
Director of Administrative Support Services
Steven Piontkowski
Director of Information Technology
Cecile Ryan
Director of Fiscal Services
Allison Ohman
Executive Assistant


text:
Hedge Fund Consultant Cops To Insider Trading
After surrendering to the FBI Friday morning, Wang, 39, pled guilty to two counts of conspiracy for his involvement in two separate tip-passing schemes, according to a transcript of a hearing before U.S. Magistrate Judge Gabriel W. Gorenstein. New York federal prosecutors, who did not publicly announce the plea, have...
To view the full article, register now.
Try Law360 FREE for seven days
Already a subscriber? Click here to login


text:
La La Land Opens
The new feature film, La La Land opens this weekend. Congratulations to Deborah Aquila and Tricia Wood, the casting directors on this project. Cast It was throughout the 4 month casting process allowing the casting team to manage over 35 various roles, actors, audition videos and self-tapes for the filmmakers to review.


text:
Howie Mandel has been promising that there would finally be a million dollar winner on Deal or No Deal and it happened on the season premiere.
Pregnant stay at home mom Jessica Robinson turned down a $561,000 final offer and went with her guess. The gamble was the right choice as she had selected the $1 million case. The winning case was my lucky number, 4, which doesn't do anything for me, but hey if I was on the show tonight I would have some cash in my pocket! Of course now that the big winner has already been found why exactly do you need to watch the show any more?


text: Why, oh why when we talk to extended family do they never say the right thing? And then why do they get insulted by the answers to their questions? I try to understand that they have no idea what we are up against here or what we are dealing with day in and day out.. But it does get tiring. Glad you all are out there.


text:
During a meeting with the County Minister for Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, William Lokiran. He expressed gratitude for KiMI and the SFSA's work in building the capacity of the radio station staff to disseminate agricultural information to the local farmers. An avid listener of the programmes, he said when he needed clarification from the station he called in for more information. He gave the example of a farmers'competition he heard about on Kalya FM and he was able to get more information from the radio staff when he called in.
The minister acknowledged the power of radio as an information dissemination tool and the impact this had on the local farmers to improve their agronomic practices. He requested the programme producer to consider airing farmer barazas (public meetings) that involve actual physical visits with the farmers, and airing the recordings of these sessions.
The minister promised more logistical support for his officers participating on the programmes.


text:
Life Span
Oldest Living Boxers
Breed Types
Ears- To Crop or Not
Loose Skin
Skinny Phase
Tails - To Dock or Not
Weight Issues
Chewing & Teething
Head Bobbing and Shaking
Separation Anxiety
Wont Listen
Book - GIANT Book of Boxer Care
Care (Top 10 Tips)
Dental Care
Eye Boogers
Help Boxer Live Long Life
Summer Care
Winter Care
Colors (Main page)
Black Boxers
White Boxers
No markings
Feeding (Main Page)
Health (Daily & Breed Specific)
Bad Breath
Puppy Care
Profiles (Special Boxers, owners)
Supplies /Shoppe
Best Beds
Best Bowls
Best Car Seats, Restraints
Best Clothing
Best Shampoos
Best Supplements
Best Toys
VS Other Breeds
More (Q&A Main page)
Photo Gallery
Call us:
Ears- To Crop or Not
Become A Free Member
The Book - Hard copy & eBook
Boxer Dog Ears - Cropping
The debate on whether or not to crop a Boxer's ears is a big one. Those who oppose it usually strongly oppose it as an alteration that is against nature.
Those who agree with cropping do so with the argument that this breed has been known for its cropped ears for centuries.
So, the question is:
Should you crop your Boxer's ears? Before you make a decision, be sure to understand the facts and not the hype.
Is it legal to crop a Boxer's ears?
Which countries allow cropping and which consider it an actual crime? As we cover which countries allow for this and which do not, please note that laws regarding cropping (and tail docking) do change in the direction of the alterations being banned. Therefore, while this information is valid at the time of this writing and we do work to keep this updated, new rulings may have gone into effect.
Cropping is legal in:
Some parts of Canada (banned in these provinces: Manitoba, Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island [Québec is set to start a ban in 2017])
Costa Rica
United States
Cropping is not legal in many European counties & overseas including:
Czech Republic
South Africa
New Zealand
What Exactly is Cropping?
When a Boxer has their ears cropped, in countries in which it is legal, it is considered to be cosmetic surgery. When does a Boxer have their ears cropped? The general rule is to do so when the Boxer puppy is 10 - 12 weeks old. Although a dog of any age can have it done, a young
ears are small and soft thus making the healing process smoother.
The dog is sedated during the surgery. The animal surgeon will mark the area of where the ear will be cut. Just as the name suggests, part of the ear is literally cut off.
It is then stitched in such a way so that the ear does not flap over; it will stand straight up. It is the act of cutting the ear that causes many people opt against having this done. However, it must be noted that the dog will not experience pain during the surgery.
A dog will have discomfort for up to 3 weeks afterwards while the ears heal. Small paper cones are usually placed on the ears to protect them in this sensitive stage. An owner is given disinfectant from the veterinarian to careful put on the healing ears twice per day.
When an owner decides to have their Boxer's ears cropped they must make a commitment to following the very precise aftercare that is needed; if not, scarring will occur. It should also be noted that not all cropped ears will stand up.
Why Are Boxer's Ears Cropped?
In many countries, the Boxer is known for having cropped ears, something that has been done since the breed was introduced and owners feel that they should maintain the breed standard.
The argument being that the Boxer breed does not have controlled ears...that throughout the breeding process of the Boxer bloodline, this breed's ears grew uneven.
Some believe that long, floppy ears can trap moisture which can lead to
ear mites
and yeast infections. However, this can also happen with smaller, cropped ears.
In countries such as the U.S. where cropping is legal, it used to be the norm for breeders to have a pup's ears cropped at a young
before having the puppy go to his new home.
However, recent trends have many breeders keeping ears natural. A large number of owners choose this and those that do not can opt to have the procedure done to their Boxer once they obtain the puppy.
We urge anyone who is considering to have this done to their dog to choose an experienced veterinarian, as a bad cropping can lead to infection and aesthetic issues such as too much of the flap being removed, etc. which once done, is a life long feature that can ruin the dog's appearance.
Please check with a veterinarian to see if he or she has experience not only with cropping but specifically with the Boxer breed since each breed (that does traditionally have the ears clipped) has different shaping and size.
Some refer to this clipping as a "show crop" and by that, it is meant that per AKC conformation standards, the Boxer's ears should not be an outstanding feature or focal point. Rather, the
, set and shape should flatter the facial features, adding balance and lending to the overall appearance of the head.
A couple of issues that can occur are often due to the thickness of the ear flap. Boxer ears with very thick leather may be too heavy too stand and a good veterinarian will be able to let an owner know in advance.
In some cases, not wanting to take off too much of the flap, a vet will err on the side of caution, which can lead to needing a 2nd cropping down the road to gain the desired appearance.
The price to have this done runs between $300 and $600, and additional costs may be checkups to see how the ears are healing, etc. In some locations, the cost for this procedure is tiered based on the dog's
Do Boxer Ears Need to be Cropped to Enter Dog Shows?
The answer is no. While some may say that the Boxer standard is cropped ears, just about every recognized dog club, including the AKC accepts Boxers with or without cropped ears.
Should you Have Your Boxer's Ears Cropped?
This is most certainly a personal decision. Cropping is not clinically proven to reduce ear infections or reduce the chance of a dog getting ear mites. Dog shows allow Boxers with their natural ears.
The only valid reason an owner would have is that they prefer their dog to look a certain way. It is a myth that puppies do not feel pain...there are nerve endings in the ears. Is that worth the discomfort that a
Boxer puppy
will need to endure? While we must stay neutral on this subject, we suggest that an owner carefully think about this issue before deciding.
If Ears are Not Standing Correctly
Even with cropping, precise symmetrical ears does not always happen. It is not uncommon for one ear to stand a bit more erect than another, or even both may not stand as desired.
The experience of the veterinarian has a part in this. But also the muscles at the base of the ears may not be strong enough. In some cases, this can improve with age and improvement
be seen in 1 or 2 months.
Owners may have heard about taping ears, which is what it sounds like: a method of using tape to hold ears in a desired position with the hope that this will cause them to stay as so once the tape has been removed.
Though this sounds like a great idea, it rarely ever works.
Become a Free Member
Privacy Policy
Email Us
AllBoxerInfo.com All content is protected by US and International copyright laws. All rights reserved.
We are a participant in the
Amazon Services LLC
Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites.
Share by:


text:
December 15, 2010
WASHINGTON - Volkswagen of America is recalling more than 228,000 vehicles because the potential for a fuel leak poses a fire risk, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
The recall affects MY 2007-2009 Volkswagen Golf, Jetta, Jetta Sportwagen and Rabbit vehicles, as well as MY 2006-2010 New Beetle and New Beetle Convertible vehicles.
The Jetta, Jetta Sportwagen, Golf and Rabbit vehicles may have a small plastic tab located on the windshield washer fluid reservoir that may chafe against an under-hood fuel supply line. The New Beetle and New Beetle Convertible vehicles may have a fastening clamp on a hydraulic hose of the power steering system that may be located in an improper position. This too could lead to chafing against an under-hood fuel supply line.
If chafing occurs, there is the potential for a fuel leak to develop. This poses a fire risk.
Dealers will make the necessary repairs free of charge. The safety recall is expected to begin on or before Jan. 31, 2011.
Vehicle owners can reach Volkswagen at (800) 822-8987.
Determine the actual cost of owning and running a vehicle in your fleet. Compare vehicles by class and model.
Bernie Kanavagh from WEX will answer your questions and challenges
Todd Ewing from Fleetmatics will answer your questions and challenges
Merchants Experts will answer your questions and challenges
Michael Sims is fleet operations manager for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.
Read more
Michael Sims is fleet operations manager for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.
Up Next
More From The World's Largest Fleet Publisher
Managing 10-50 company vehicles
Executive vehicle management
Managing public sector vehicles & equipment
The commercial truck industry's most in-depth information source
Global resource for limousine and bus transportation
Serving the bus and passenger rail industries for more than a century
Serving school transportation professionals in the U.S. and Canada
The number 1 resource for vocational truck fleets
© 2018 Automotive Fleet. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Science for Peace Lecture Series: The Nuclear Age
VOW partner Science for Peace is hosting a winter lecture series at the University of Toronto
Invitation to a Series of Free Public Lectures on Public Health in a Nuclear Age
University College, U. of Toronto Rm 179, Wednesdays 4-6 pm.
Jan 7 through April 1, 2015
The following guest lecturers are experts who will address my undergraduate class in Health Studies at U of T on the topics covered in the syllabus. I will meet that class alone one hour weekly. Then we will go into a larger hall and hear the guest lecturers, where the general public is welcome to join us. Some members of the public may wish to read the assigned texts and videos, along with my students, so as to participate in the discussion with the guest lecturers during the one-hour question period that follows their one-hour lecture. Let me know if you want a copy of the course syllabus, which shows the weekly reading and video assignments.
Metta Spencer, Emeritus professor of sociology, U. of Toronto email@example.com
All are welcome. Bring a friend. Feel free to join the discussions with the speakers about these vital topics. I hope some concerned citizens will attend the whole series.
January 7, 2015: The Origins of Nuclear Science
- Lecturer: Marcin Kuzniak, Ph.D.
January 14: Radiation's Health Effects
- Lecturer: Cathy Vakil, M.D.
January 21: Nuclear Fission and the Search For Defences
- Lecturer: Professor John Valleau, University Of Toronto
January 28: The Cold War and Nuclear Strategies
- Lecturer: Ambassador Marius Grinius
February 4: The Cuban Missile and Other Nuclear Crises
- Lecturer: Vinay Jindal, M.D.
February 11: Proliferation and Control Issues
- Lecturer: Cesar Jaramillo of Project Ploughshares
February 25: Rethinking Nuclear Weapons
- Lecturer: Ms. Martha Goodings
- Lecturer: Dr. Jeremy Whitlock, Atomic Energy of Canada
March 11: Health, Uranium Mining, Managing Fissile Materials
- Lecturer: Richard Denton, M.D. (Northern Ontario)
- Lecturer: Professor John Luxat, McMaster University
- Lecturer: Professor José Etcheverry, York University
- Lecturer: Neil Arya, M.D., McMaster University
To visit the Science for Peace website click here.