text: I just got this letter from Service Canada (Unemployment program), that I'm entitled up to 104 weeks of Benefits If I attend a trianing program that is atleast 20 weeks long. This program has just been put in place, called "Economic Action PLan 2009" Basically part of the stimulis program. What carreer would you do ? I have to think of one. Any suggestions ? I'm thinking office computer set ups, even Truck Drivers licence, or TV cable and telephone installer.. What should I do, to make my life easier ? What would you do ?


text:
Kopelvski, M., Cardoso, W., and Oliveira, S., "Manufacturing Performance Improvement through Technical Training," SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-3425, 2004, https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-3425.
This paper shows to the reader the importance, the results and advantages that the companies could obtain, using technical operation training for employees related to a specific product.The Technical Training has been used to provide knowledge, to direct and indirect people who have the specific responsibility related to a product manufactured in the companies. The ones that discovered how develop and implement similar projects, have been getting fantastic results related to productive and quality performance.Using a recently project implemented by our company, the executives, managers and engineers who are responsible for teams members, can get some information to be used with theirs groups.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Perfect for social media campaigns and blogs. Web photos (up to .5 MP). 1 Seat.
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Build a high res library or promote your brand. Up to Large (2.5-4.5 MP). 5 Seats.
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mountains, white, black, sky, cloudy, lake, great, salt, landscape, scenery, mountain, vicinity
The great salt lake, landscape


text:
|Professional Automotive Repair Technical Discussions for October 6, 2012
International Automotive Technicians' Network (iATN) - Members Only
|(Also Available: All, Asian, Chrysler, European, Ford, GM.)
|Vehicle Owners: If you are seeking an automotive repair professional to service your vehicle, visit the iATN Repair Shop Finder.
Open Help Requests for All Makes and Models
|Help Request
|2003 BMW X5 3.0i 3.0L Interior VIN: 5UXFA53553
Customer states remote/lock/unlock does not work check and found key does not operate lock and unlock either at door tumbler, feels like free spinning turning to left and right of tumbler at driver's side. Dome light does not work either when doors are open, L...
|1996 Chevrolet Blazer 4.3L Poor Idle Quality, Hesitation, Cuts out, MIL Lamp on VIN: 1GNCS13W1T
Good Morning , This S-10 blazer will run good once warm, all day long. Let it sit for a day or more,it start's rough, idle's rough ,drive it, loss of power,give it alot of throttle and it clears up. It will stutter on accel. until warm then run's good. The cu... Trouble codes: P0300 (Random mis-fire)
|1999 Chevrolet Malibu 2.4L engine VIN: 1G1ND52T2X
Owner of vehicle said car stalled out and started acting funny after vehicle was re-started. It threw codes that prompted customer to replace TPS, crankshaft position sensor and fuel pressure regulator. He also installed new plugs and upstream oxygen sensor an...
|2000 Chevrolet C3500 5.7L Hesitation VIN: 1GCGC34R0Y
This vehicle has plenty of trouble codes. It does have a terrible driveability problem. When it is started up it will idle very high and finally idling down. When it is started and takes off it will bog down and pop back through the throttle body until you rea... Trouble codes: P0101, P0122 (Tps), P0404 (Egr), P1122 (Tps)
|2003 Chevrolet Venture LS 3.4L rear air ride VIN: 1GNDV03E73
Thanks for the help. the air pump runs and pumps up the shocks but the auto air ride dont work. I belive it to be the air hight sensor but am not sure how to test it. Can any one help
|2006 Chevrolet Trailblazer LT 4.2L Poor Idle Quality, Stall, MIL Lamp on
The truck came into the shop with a rod knocking I never was able to drive the truck before the repairs were done .I rebuilt the motor install a new crank # 5 piston and rod when cleaning the motor i found the cam phaser stuck and the solinode filled full of m...
|2000 Chrysler Town & Country LX 3.8L evap VIN: 1C54G076DY
this car came in with a po1495 code found that the pcm was not turning on the ldp so i replaced the computer and ldp and now when i force the monitor to run with the snap on verdict i am comming up with a code po442 i smoked the system and did not see any leak... Trouble codes: P0442
|1999 Dodge Ram 2500 5.9L abs VIN: 1B7KF2361X
hello guys well cant get much info on this code 53. on vacation and all of a sudden abs and brake lamp on. found code 53. wife freaking out.all i have is my little hand head scanner.abs will not activate will lock rear wheels on hard brakeing..thanks in advanc...
|2001 Ford F-250 Super Duty Lariat 6.8L Unknown VIN: 1FTNX20S91
This truck revs between 3k and 4k before shifting out of 1st gear, hard to tell if its missing 2nd and going straight to 3rd, I can manually shift it through all gears. One thing I noticed is the PCM tells it to shift into second at about 20mph, but the tran...
|2002 Ford Explorer XLT 4.0L lift gate ajar switch/CSM module VIN: 1FMZU63E12
well this one has me stumped. vehicle came in with the door ajar light staying on and customer stated that the interior lights would "flicker" intermittently while driving. vehicle had code P1603 CSM EProm failure, in the csm module. my testing concluded that ...
|2005 Honda Pilot LX 3.5L Valve seals VIN: 2HKYF181X5
I'd like to try to replace the valve seals without removing the cylinder heads. I've removed the rocker arm/shaft assembly. Before I resort to fabricating a tool, I was wondering if another member has done this job and has a recommendation for an "on the car" ...
|2002 Kia Sedona EX 3.5L Hesitation, Cuts out, Stall VIN: KNDUP13162
vehicle idles great. No dtc. After driving for more than at least 20-30 minutes (in town or interstate) the vehicle losses power under acceleration. Parked it stalls after about 1/2 throttle. Have already replaced and tested mass air. Found the gear on the idl...
|2008 Mercedes-Benz CLK350 3.5L MIL Lamp on VIN: WDBTK56F78
The only questionable reading that I see on my scanner is that the coolant temperature looks a little low to me. I take a long time to go from cold to 180 degrees. When it is at 180 whick to me is low the upstream o'2 sensors are about .6 volts and do not rise... Trouble codes: P0746 (Right bank fuel mix out of range mixture), P2092 (right bank too rich at idle), P0750 (Self adapt for left bank out of range), P0096
|2001 Nissan Frontier SC 3.3L Pcm VIN: 1N6MD27T31
I WANT TO KNOW THAT LEADS computer number, if it comes with immobilizer, I NEED TO KNOW WHERE CAN I GET THE COMPUTER AND SEND ME THE TO MEXICO
|2006 Toyota 4Runner Sport 4.0L abs VIN: JTEBU14R16
car had 2 codes c1223 and c1246 1223 just means fault in abs system and the c1246 code is (fault in master cylinder pressure sensor) the master cylinder also has the abs computer mounted to it so this being a fix for a used car dealer they decided to reaplace ...
|2002 Volvo V70 X/C 2.4L emission VIN: YV1SZ58D12
Help/ code P2400,,, thanks
|2006 Volvo C70 T5 2.5L Drive axle VIN: YV1MC68236
Hello fellow techs, I have this Volvo that we initially replaced a right side drive axle due to a broken inner CV boot on the passenger side.The boot was torn in a clean circle right at the small clamp.The remanufactured axle was installed and the tech said he...
Fixes & Summaries for All Makes and Models
|2000 Audi A6 Quattro 2.7L No Start, Cuts out, Stall VIN: WAUED24B3Y
Again thank you all for the replies all your info was very helpful, thank you mark for the time you spent to give me your info also and you were correct there is no power relay only term #30 power. it did end up being the ecu when i pulled the old one out i sa... Trouble codes: P1557, P1602.
|2008 Chevrolet Silverado 3500 HD WT 6.6L oil VIN: 1GCHK33608
Thanks again to all those how took the time to answer. Some suggested injectors but I agree with Matthew that this problem does not occur anymore in the new duramax. Customer took the truck and we will have to decide on the high pressure fuel pump. Thanks Bara...
|2006 Dodge Ram 3500 SLT 5.9L engine vibration VIN: 3D7MX48C86
Thanks Jeremy, Dave, Gilbert, Andy, Gerald, and Steve. Like I said in my post, I don't work on deisels that often, I had no idea my modis scanner had injector kill function. Each cyl. was hitting evenly, I felt a little better pulling the trans. and transfer c...
|2007 Ford Explorer Sport Trac XLT 4.6L battery VIN: 1FMEU51847
Thanks paul & Andy...The drain stays at 170ma for 30 minutes & then drops away to 10ma..Recharged battery & loaded tested..Battery only recovered to 12.2 volts...Replaced battery & all is ok..
|2006 Mercedes-Benz ML500 5.0L steering VIN: 4JGBB75E66
Thanks for all the replies. sorry for the delay just got the power steering pump in from mercedes. replaced the power steering pump and all is fine. replaced 2 wss on front and rear wheel and so far those codes havent returned. the pump had been replaced befor...
|2003 Pontiac Grand Am SE 3.4L Poor Idle Quality, Hesitation, Cuts out, Stall, Misfire VIN: 1G2NF52E63
I appreciate all the responses. Before I posted the request I assumed a valve train(top end) problem. I talked with the customer and advised him that I needed to do some "teardown". His response was that he would get into that himself. He told me that he wante... Trouble codes: P0300 (Engine Misfire detected).
|1997 Toyota 4Runner Limited 3.4L Converter Lockup VIN: JT3HN87R5V
Thanks iATN for your replies, I bought a can of MAF cleaner when I went to get my gasket and tune up parts. Cleaned the MAF in the parking lot and drove home, It didnt really do anything noteable. Got home and did the plugs, wires, coil boots. That was the fix...
|2003 Volkswagen Jetta TDI 1.9L Mechanical
Thanks guys, the car is fixed. The subframe did not need to come out. I was a little confused over Alldata's torque specs for the injection pump sprocket however. It said 24 Newton meters. That's less than 20 foot pounds. I did not have the stretch bolts. I ti...


text:
Assistant Lab Manager
Veterans Curation Program, Augusta Lab
Phone: (706) 210-5927
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Megan Schwalenberg (B.S. in Archaeological Studies and Biology, University of Wisconsin – La Crosse) currently serves as an Assistant Laboratory Manager in the Augusta VCP. Megan is currently finishing her M.A. in Anthropology, with an emphasis in Biological Anthropology, at North Carolina State University. Her thesis research focuses on the interaction between skeletal stress markers and age, and their use in the interpretation of population health in the lower Illinois Valley, during the transition to agriculture. Megan's background is in both archaeology and biological anthropology. At North Carolina State, she was the Osteology Laboratory Supervisor and volunteered in the Forensic Analysis Laboratory, where she helped on active case work. Megan has also worked at Arizona State University's Bioarchaeology and Human Osteology field school at the Center for American Archeology as the Laboratory Director for three summers. She has conducted fieldwork in Wisconsin, Illinois, and Virginia at prehistoric and historic sites, and presented at several local and national conferences. Megan's professional interests include North American archaeology, bioarchaeology, mortuary archaeology, and forensic anthropology.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 4, 1993
|Filing date
|Sep 11, 1991
|Priority date
|Sep 11, 1990
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Keiji Shinohara
|Original Assignee
|Sony Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (25), Classifications (17), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a process for etching films of an aluminum-based material by using two specific different gases.
2. Description of the Prior Art
It is known that films of an aluminum metal or an aluminum alloy can be etched to form wirings for use in integrated circuits particularly in the manufacture of semiconductors. For convenience, such film is referred to simply as an Al film.
In an industrial sector of wirings for integrated circuits of semiconductors, Al films of a multilayered structure combined with a metallic barrier layer have recently been reputed for their good resistance to migration and to contact. This structure is made up typically of a film of Al or an Al alloy such as Al-Si and a barrier layer of TiON-Ti, TiW or TiW-Ti disposed integral with a lower side of the film.
Attempts have also been made to laminate a reflection-inhibiting layer such as of TiON of an inorganic class on or over an Al film. The inhibiting layer compensates for immunity from lithographic pattern defects which may take place from surface reflection of the Al film.
To meet the foregoing requirements, a laminate shown in FIG. 3 has been proposed to be etched. Designated at 1 is a film of an Al-Si alloy with an Si content of about 1% by weight, and a barrier layer 2 is interposed between the film 1 and a substrate 5 such as SiO2. The barrier layer 2 is composed of a TiON layer 21 placed on a lower side or surface of the film 1 and a Ti layer 22 mounted on an upper surface of the substrate 5. An reflection-inhibiting layer 3 is disposed over the film 1, a TiON layer being here exemplified on which a resist mask 4 is positioned.
The composite material of FIG. 3, however, cannot be adequately processed by a mode of etching commonly employed to etch a single Al-Si film with good anisotropy. This is partly due to the reflection-inhibiting layer 3 being present between the resist mask 4 and Al-Si film 1 and partly due to the TiON and Ti layers 21, 22 being underneath the film 1. To be more specific, one-step or continuous etching is not applicable because the film 1 is necessarily overetched, as viewed in FIG. 2, under a set of conditions intended to etch the barrier layer 2.
FIG. 2 shows a structure resulting from etching the material of FIG. 3 on an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR)-etching system and under the following conditions.
gas: BCl3 /Cl2 =60/90 SCCM
pressure: 16 mTorr
microwave: 300 mA
RF bias: 40 W
When the barrier layer 2 is satisfactorily etched, the Al-Si film 1 undergoes excessive etching owing to insufficient anisotropy and results in adverse undercutting. To solve this problem, Al films have been protected sidewise with deposits which may be generated from resist decomposition products upon exertion of incident ion energy to a greater extent. Although effective to improve anisotropy, such protection means is susceptible to the following drawbacks.
1. Etch selectivity is rendered small with respect to the resist and substrate.
2. In a step of over etching, both the resist and the resultant pattern at its side walls tend to involve objectionable sputtering arising out of the substrate. This in turn leads to a so-called after corrosion if a given etching gas contains a chlorine atom or atoms in the molecule Details as regards that corrosion are reported in "Semiconductors and Circuitry, 35th Symposium Prints", Pages 13-18, Article No. 3, December 1988.
Gases such as SiCl4 and the like which are capable of deposition are in common use in protecting Al films. However, these gases will in most cases put an etching chamber into a full deposition atmosphere, entailing particle dusting or contamination.
With the foregoing drawbacks of the prior art in view, the present invention seeks to provide a new process for etching films of aluminum or its alloys which process enables sufficient anisotropy and adequate patterning without needing great ion energy and adverse gas of deposition capability and without involving objectionable undercut.
More specifically, the invention provides a process for etching an aluminum-based film of a composition structure including a substrate, which comprises: (a) etching and patterning the aluminum-based film with a gaseous mixture such that the substrate is exposed to the gaseous mixture containing a hydrogen-donating gas in an amount of 10 to 99% by volume, (b) forming a protective film at two opposite side walls of the resulting pattern with use of an oxidation-imparting gas, and (c) over-etching the protective pattern.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be better understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view, taken diagrammatically and segmentally, of the etched structure provided in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1, but illustrative of an etched structure of the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of one preferred form of the composite material to be etched by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a vertically sectional view of an etching system used to carry out the invention; and
FIGS. 5 and 6 are charts which graphically represent the contents of residual chlorine in the structures of FIGS. 1 and 2.
The process according to the present invention is contemplated for use in etching a selected class of aluminum-based films disposed over a suitable substrate commonly accepted in the art. One important aspect of the invention lies in effecting etching with two specified gases. One gas is a mixture of a hydrogen-donating gas and an etching gas, while the other is an oxidation-imparting gas. The gaseous mixture is used to etch and pattern a given aluminum-based film, and the resulting pattern is protected at its side walls with the oxidation-imparting gas.
Suitable hydrogen-donating gases are gases capable of generating hydrogen upon decomposition during etching, and they include hydrogen gas, hydrogen halide, hydrogen sulfide and compounds of non-metallic elements with hydrogen. Particularly preferred are HCl, HBr, and HF either alone or in combination. Those gases, hereunder called H-containing gases, should be rather small in, preferably free from, the ability to deposit. To this end C- or Si-containing gases are not feasible in the invention.
Etching gases used herein are not specifically restricted by conveniently selected from conventional etchants for Al materials. Typical examples include Cl-containing gases such as BCl2, Cl2 and a mixture thereof.
The H-containing gas may be admixed, with the etching gas, usually in the range of 10 to 99% by volume (% by flow rate). Taking etch rate in view, the volume of the first-mentioned gas may be greater than 20% and preferably range from 20 to 50%. This gaseous mixture may be incorporated, where desired, with any suitable known dilution gas.
Oxidation-imparting gases according to the invention should function to form a protective film such as an oxidation film at side walls of the Al film having become patterned by etching. They typically include O2 (oxygen), O3 (ozone), NO, NO2 and the like which have an oxygen atom in the molecule. O2 and O3 are preferred in an electron discharge-free environment.
The H-containing gas according to the invention is by itself extremely small in deposition. This is particularly true of HCl. The gas generates, by the coaction with plasmas while in etching, hydrogen which reacts with a resist decomposition product (CzHy) to easily produce a carbonaceous deposit.
To implement the invention, a given film of an Al-based material may be etched with the above specified mixture of gasses until the substrate is allowed to come into sight. Prior to over etching, the resultant Al pattern should importantly be covered at its side walls with a protective film being formed by the action of the foregoing oxidation-imparting gas. The protective film acts to inhibit the pattern from getting sidewise attacked or otherwise undercut in a step of over-etching.
CHCl3 is known to improve patterning but has a drawback in that, upon contact with plasmatic discharge, it leads to plasma contamination on the whole.
Even with use of Cl-containing gases, the process of the invention has been proven to notably reduce residual chlorine after etching and moreover after ashing.
The invention will now be described by way of the following examples which are provided for purposes of illustration only.
A multilayered structure illustrated in FIG. 3 was employed for performance evaluation. The test structure was made up of a TiON reflection-inhibiting layer 3, an Al-Si film 1, a metallic barrier layer 2 and an SiO2 substrate 5 laminated in the order mentioned. The aluminum alloy of the film 1 contained 1% by weight of Si, and the barrier layer 2 consisted of TiON layer 21 and a Ti layer 22.
In an inventive example, a first step of etching was conducted under a set of conditions given below.
gas: BCl3 /Cl2 /HCl=60/40/100 SCCM
pressure: 16 mTorr
microwave: 300 mA
RF bias : 30 A
An etching system of an ECR type was employed as seen in FIG. 4 which was comprised of a semiconductor wafer 10 to be etched, a susceptor 11 adapted to support thereon the wafer 10 and an etching chamber 6. A quartz bell jar was designated at 61, a magnetron at 62, a microwave conduit at 63, solenoid coils at 64 for formation of magnetic fields, an etching gas inlet at 65, an etching gas outlet at 66 and a high frequency power source at 67.
The gas in the inventive example was capable of exhibiting good anisotropy at an RF bias of 30 W. A comparative example using a prior art gas, BCl3 /Cl2, called for an RF bias of 50 W.
The inventive gas, though suitable for over etching at a degree of about 30%, is liable to attach the resulting pattern at the side walls due to chlorine radicals being abundant at a degree of above 50%, thus leading to undercut. The inventive example, therefore, involves a second step of protection and a third step of over etching.
In the first step, etching was effected until the substrate was uncovered or exposed to view, followed by the protection in the second step under the following conditions.
gas: O2 =200 SCCM
pressure: 16 mTorr
microwave: 300 mA
RF bias: 0 W
time: 2 sec.
The pattern was thus protected at the side walls with an oxidative film. In this instance, the resist was also etched at about 1000 Å.
Over etching was done in the third step. A set of conditions was employed as indicated below.
gas: BCl3 /Cl2 /HCl=60/40/100 SCCM
pressure 16 mTorr
microwave: 300 mA
RF bias: 30 W
Over etching was set at a degree of 50% in the inventive example. The conditions of over etching were similar to those for use in the first step. Other different gases specified above may of course be employed in the third step.
An adequately anisotropically etched product was obtained free from adverse undercut as illustrated in FIG. 1. These benefits have been found attributable to the protective film formed at the side walls of the pattern in the second step. This protective film would probably be regarded as a stable oxidative film and contributes greatly to protecting the pattern from becoming damaged or undercut sidewise by the attack of excessive chlorine radicals even with use of a Cl-containing gas such as HCl in the step of over etching.
It has also been found that the etched product according to the invention is reduced in the residual chlorine to an appreciable content even when over etching is done with an HCl-containing gas. In FIG. 5, the inventive and comparative samples are compared in regard to residual chlorine contents after etching. Comparative label A is as high as about 20 μg/wafer in that content as against about 15 μg of inventive label B. Similar contents after subsequent ashing are shown in pair in FIG. 6. Comparative labels Al and A2 are of the same level at about 0.16 μg, whereas inventive label B1 is slightly above 0.1 μg and inventive label B2 slightly below 0.1 μg. From these analyses, the residual chlorine content is proved sufficiently small and reproducible in the inventive example.
With respect to the results of FIG. 6, the inventive sample is made devoid of the protective film upon ashing and hence considered free from residual chlorine derivable from that film. This means that smaller contents of residual chlorine in the inventive example will accrue from use of a hydrogen-donating gas, thus leading to least after-corrosion. Full removal of the protective film on ashing is presumed to be due to the film being like a hydrocarbon sufficient to be easily detachable during ashing as HCl is responsible for formation of the film.
The content of residual chlorine was determined by putting a given amount of pure water onto an etched product, a wafer in these examples, and by allowing the same to stand for a given length of time, followed by analysis by ion chromatography.
According to the process of the invention, an aluminum-based film is etched with a selected hydrogen-containing gas immediately after the resultant pattern is treated with a selected oxidation-imparting gas and then subjected to over etching so that a product of good anisotropy is provided without side undercut. The second step of treatment is easy to perform for example with a stream of oxygen gas in the etching system.
Also advantageously, incident ion energy associated with RF bias is made small in quantity for instance from 50 W to 30 W. Lowered RF bias as result, even in the case of use of Cl-containing gases, in reduced Cl-rich sputters occurring from the substrate and hence reduced chlorine residues. Plasmatic treatment with oxygen gas in the second step will presumably aid in reducing residual chlorine. The less residual chlorine, the less after-corrosion. Particle dusting is totally absent as no gases of deposition capabilities are necessary.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 4, 1977
|Apr 10, 1979
|Dionex Corporation
|Gas plasma reactor and process
|Apr 9, 1982
|Apr 16, 1985
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Process for dry etching of aluminum and its alloy
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 24, 1993
|Feb 7, 1995
|Applied Materials, Inc.
|Etching aluminum and its alloys using HC1, C1-containing etchant and N.sub.2
|Apr 26, 1994
|Jan 2, 1996
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Protection of aluminum metallization against chemical attack during photoresist development
|Nov 16, 1994
|Nov 5, 1996
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Semiconductor device having a multi-layer metallization structure
|Nov 30, 1995
|Nov 18, 1997
|Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
|Construction that prevents the undercut of interconnect lines in plasma metal etch systems
|Jan 3, 1995
|Dec 30, 1997
|Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
|Method of etching conductive lines without undercutting
|Oct 15, 1996
|Mar 24, 1998
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Protection of aluminum metallization against chemical attack during photoresist development
|May 28, 1996
|Apr 14, 1998
|United Microelectronics Corporation
|Method of making a reliable barrier layer
|Jun 6, 1996
|Jun 16, 1998
|Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics, Inc.
|Method of making a dielectric structure for facilitating overetching of metal without damage to inter-level dielectric
|Apr 8, 1997
|Sep 15, 1998
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Interconnects using metal spacers
|Oct 18, 1995
|Dec 1, 1998
|Sony Corporation
|Method of plasma etching
|Mar 19, 1997
|Dec 15, 1998
|Lam Research Corporation
|Methods and apparatus for etching a conductive layer to improve yield
|Dec 8, 1992
|Feb 9, 1999
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for processing samples
|Jul 3, 1997
|Jun 8, 1999
|Yamaha Corporation
|Manufacture of semiconductor device with fine pattens
|Jun 24, 1998
|Jul 20, 1999
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Interconnects using metal spacers and method for forming same
|Sep 13, 1996
|Nov 30, 1999
|Sony Corporation
|Dry etching method
|Mar 26, 1996
|Jul 18, 2000
|Lam Research Corporation
|High density plasma etching of metallization layer using chlorine and nitrogen
|Feb 22, 1999
|Oct 24, 2000
|Yamaha Corporation
|Semiconductor device with multi-layer wiring
|May 26, 1998
|Feb 13, 2001
|Motorola Inc.
|Inert plasma gas surface cleaning process performed insitu with physical vapor deposition (PVD) of a layer of material
|Dec 22, 1998
|Feb 13, 2001
|Yamaha Corporation
|Manufacture of semiconductor device with fine patterns
|Aug 18, 1997
|Apr 3, 2001
|Micron Technology, Inc.
|Method of improving resist adhesion for use in patterning conductive layers
|Feb 1, 2001
|Aug 6, 2002
|Micron Technology, Inc.
|Interconnect structure having improved resist adhesion
|Sep 13, 1994
|Mar 22, 1995
|Sony Corporation
|Dry etching method
|Sep 13, 1994
|Mar 20, 1996
|Sony Corp
|Dry etching method.
|Nov 3, 1995
|Jul 11, 1996
|Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
|Method of etching conductive lines without undercutting
|Aug 7, 2007
|Feb 21, 2008
|Oerlikon Usa, Inc.
|Method to minimize cd etch bias
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 8, 1991
Owner name: SONY CORPORATION A CORPORATION OF JAPAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:SHINOHARA, KEIJI;REEL/FRAME:005927/0232
Effective date: 19911030
|Nov 1, 1996
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 29, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Nov 4, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Real Madrid's Gareth Bale has dismissed suggestions that he will be affected negatively by the huge sum his club spent to acquire him from Tottenham.
The attacker finally completed his long-awaited switch to Estadio Santiago Bernabeu from White Hart Lane for a transfer fee believed to be a world record 100 million euros.
Bale has assured that the exorbitant price tag will not change his game whatsoever, as he feels he is professional enough to cope with the expectations that come with such a huge fee.
"I would have come here for a penny, for whatever," Bale told reporters. "The transfer fee is not something that affects me.
"It's something between Madrid and Spurs. It only brings extra pressure if I want it to."
Bale made 146 appearances for Tottenham since his arrival in 2007, scoring 42 goals, and he won the Premier League's Player of the Year honors last season.


text:
2. Do the following:
- a. Visit a bank. Talk with one of the officers or staff. Chart the organization of the bank. Show its relationship with other banks, business and industry.
3. Do the following:
- b. Pretend to have bought $1,000 worth of the stocks from the company you wrote to in requirement 3a. Explain how you "bought" the stocks. Tell why you decided to "buy" stock in this company. Keep a weekly record for three months of the market value of your stocks. Show any dividends declared.
5. Run a small business involving a product or service for at least three months. First find out the need for it. For example: a newspaper route, lawn mowing, sales of things you have made or grown. Keep records showing the costs, income, and profit or loss. Report:
- a. How service, friendliness, hard work, and salesmanship helped build your business.
- b. The benefits you and others received because you were in business.
NOTE: Comparable 4-H, FFA, or Junior Achievement projects may be used for requirement 5.


text:
Broken Branches Chapter 8Posted by Labels: Broken Branches, Refined Books
Chapter Eight
Jumping Fish was pleased with the birth of Tomas, but he was never the same after losing White Grass, Lazy Mouse and Red Snake. He died around a year after Tomas was born. I think it was mostly from a broken heart, but I am not a medical doctor, of course.
Fat Rat had been already asked to act as chief. When the council of elders made it official after the death of Jumping Fish, it was almost like the village itself let out a deep exhale. Even some smiles were starting to be seen—especially when Tomas would accompany Fat Rat as he went around checking to see if someone might need some help with something.
Hey, Tomas was pretty fast for a toddler, but he sometimes fell behind. However, Fat Rat was always good to wait until he caught up, which put even bigger smiles upon some faces.
Then the soldiers came one day with orders to dismantle the village and move all of the inhabitants to a reservation. They came in such numbers that Fat Rat decided against resisting.
It was a decision he sorely regretted for the rest of his life. For all of the assurances Fat Rat received concerning the good treatment of his people at the reservation proved to be blatant lies.
Oh, and it did not take long for the truth to become all too painfully clear to see, neither. For as soon as all of the villagers were secured behind the high fences (topped with barbwire) of what turned out to really be a temporary internment camp, interviews were conducted to determine identities and demeanors.
Adding injury to insult, no effort was made to keep immediate families together when it came time to transfer the villagers to several different locations that started out as reservations for other specific tribes. When Juanita failed to provide enough information for the satisfaction of the authorities, Tomas was officially identified as a mixed-race orphan by the name of Thomas Nelson (after the publisher of the Bible on the desk) Hardeman (after the county in Texas the village was located in) and sent to an orphanage in Alabaster, Arkansas. He was loaded in the back of a wagon and well on his way to the orphanage by the time Juanita was allowed to re-enter the general population of the internment camp, and Tomas never saw her, his Grandmother Starling, Fat Rat, nor any of his other loved ones in the village again.
Before my flight off of Boston Mountain, I made a few trips through Alabaster, and the strongest memory I have of the place is the stench from a paper mill on its north side. After seeing the way the children at the orphanage were treated, I now wonder if what I smelled before was actually more due to lingering evidence of long-past truly egregious child abuse.
Of course, the administrators of the orphanage would insist that their efforts were as a sweet-smelling sacrifice to the Lord. For the place was run by a firebrand of a Methodist minister and his even more zealous wife, who believed that they were called by God to drive the devil out of Indian savages and Mexican heathens (including professing Roman Catholics) by any and all means at their disposal.
Those means included giving a child a painful whack with a wooden paddle for each time they broke one of the Ten Commandments. Tomas received one for lying every time he insisted that his name was not Thomas, and they added up to be quite a few before he gave up and accepted that his name was now Thomas.
It was a wonder to me that Tomas was not subjected to what those caught (or just accused of) telling bigger lies were, which was having their mouths roughly washed out with lye soap. Several accidentally swallowed some of the lye soap and lost the ability to speak entirely.
Those judged to have reprobate minds were kept in isolated cells in the basement of the main hall. Not many lasted very long down there, and their lifeless bodies were paraded in clear of the rest of the children before being cast into a burning pit that had been dug to symbolize Hell on the edge of the property.
A fast on the Sabbath was strictly enforced to teach that a true child of God is sustained by more than food. When a child was caught with food they had snuck out of the dining hall, they were forced to eat dog vomit.
No, Tomas was never subjected to any of the more harsh punishments, but seeing others suffer so much pushed him over the edge. He had just turned ten when he came to the conclusion that he would be better off dead than live another day in that place.
Furthermore, Tomas knew that he was not alone in his thinking. No one dared speak openly about it out of fear of being caught, but he could tell from a look here and a slight gesture there that he would not be the only one to try to escape from the orphanage when the time came.
The time came when the main gate was opened to allow a wagonload of supplies to enter while Tomas and five other boys of around the same age were tasked with picking up hog manure with their hands and placing it in a pile outside of a pen not far away. Tomas took off for the open gate at a dead run, and the other boys followed him.
The teamster in the wagon saw them and caused his horses to rear up. This distracted the guards enough for the boys to make it out of the gate.
A guard in the closest watchtower fired his shotgun at the boys. Two were hit, and one could not continue on foot. Tomas wanted the group to help carry him, but the other boys insisted that it would just get them all caught.
The wounded boy screamed at Tomas and the others to go on without him. Then the dogs were let loose, and when the boys heard them coming, they took off running again.
Tomas sure wished he had not made one last look back. For it was in time to see two catahoulas tear the wounded boy to pieces.
The boys crossed a flooded rice field to mask their scent from the dogs and took refuge in an old barn a good distance away from any houses. By nightfall, they were feeling a lot safer.
They actually were. For after seeing the catahoulas kill the one escapee so viciously, the minister and his wife were quite confident that those still in their custody had been given another clear sign of what happens to those who dare to go against the will of God and called off the search for Tomas and the others.
The next morning, the escaped boys decided that they should go their separate ways. Tomas was sad to see the others go, but he understood that traveling in a group could draw more attention than traveling alone.
Tomas wanted to find his family, but he had no idea just where he actually was, nor where they might be now. He did remember that the sun would go down toward the back of the wagon that took him to the orphanage. So, he decided to follow the path of the sun across the sky.
He would walk on the edge of the road he was on and dive for cover whenever he spotted someone ahead or behind him. Food was gathered where it safely could be, and nights were spent where he did not think he could be found.
It was as Tomas was reaching for a chicken egg he spotted in a patch of grass near the edge of the road that he heard a kindly voice tell him that he would probably be much better off leaving the egg be. Tomas snapped his head up to see where the warning had come from, and he saw an old man with a long white beard standing on the other side of a split-rail fence in front of him.
Tomas froze in fear for a few seconds, and then he told the old man (in a barely audible voice) that he was sorry for trying to steal the egg. The old man smiled broadly and told him that he was not concerned with that.
The old man also told Tomas that his name was Henry and that one of his favorite hens loved to lay eggs where he could not easily find them. When Tomas gave him a puzzled look, Henry explained that the hen was one of favorites on account of looking for her eggs added a little excitement to his life.
Henry let out a little chuckle and went on to further explain that the reason why he had warned Tomas about picking up the egg was because of him not being sure of just when it had been layed. For rotten eggs have a tendency to explode when they are jarred enough.
Tomas still looked like he was not quite sure of what to think. So, Henry asked him to gently pick up the egg and hand it to him over the fence. When that was accomplished, Henry placed the egg on the top of a fence post. He then took a stick and gently pushed it off of the fence post on Tomas' side. The egg exploded the instant it hit the ground.
Tomas jumped back and started to gag from the smell of…um…well…a rotten egg! I suppose it would be more accurate to describe the smell as being sulfuric, but since the smell of sulfur is often described as being like that of a rotten egg, I think I will stand uncorrected on this one.
Getting back to Tomas and Henry, a huge laugh erupted from them both, but the mood quickly turned dour. For Tomas could not remember the last time he was able to genuinely smile—let alone have a laugh like that.
Henry watched Tomas go from sharing a great belly-laugh with him to sobbing like a baby in a matter of seconds. In a feat that defied his age, Henry quickly climbed over the split-rail fence and held the grief-stricken boy in his arms until Tomas regained some of his composure.
Henry sure wanted to ask Tomas about what was wrong, but he felt like he should wait until the boy was ready to tell him. That is, if he ever did.
When Henry saw that Tomas did not act like he was so afraid of him anymore, he asked him if he was hungry. Tomas nodded yes, and Henry told him that he was in for a treat. For he would bet good money that his wife made the best meatloaf in the ArkLaTex region and it just so happened that she was making one when he left the house to go hunt for some eggs.
That almost brought a chuckle out of Tomas, and he followed Henry back to his home with a glimmer of hope peaking over his horizon. His belly began to growl when he caught the first whiff of meatloaf wafting in the breeze as they neared a nice looking two-story farmhouse surrounded by several outbuildings.
Henry's wife's name was Hannah, and she squealed with delight when she saw Tomas follow Henry through the front door. For their babies had long since grown up and now had families of their own much too far away (in her opinion).
Tomas was somewhat taken aback by her reaction, but he melted into her arms when she ran to give him a big hug. His glimmer of hope was shining brighter with each passing second.
It took him a few days, but Tomas finally told Henry and Hannah about what had happened to him and that he would like to find his family much sooner than later. The tears flowed freely from his eyes, and they promised to help him to do so after having a good cry of their own.
Henry insisted that a good place to start would be at the orphanage in Alabaster. He reasoned that they would surely have a record of where Tomas had come from for legal purposes, and when he came out of the house with his trusty old Greener 12-gauge double-barrel shotgun and a determined look upon his face, it was fairly obvious that he was not planning on asking nicely for the information.
He was halfway to the horse barn before Hannah could get him to stop and listen to her better way of handling the situation. This involved asking one of their sons-in-law, who was magistrate judge in a neighboring country, to look into what could be done about the orphanage.
Henry reluctantly agreed to first try it her way, and after their son-in-law pulled some strings in Little Rock, an honest investigation resulted in the minister and his wife (along with their staff and several local businessmen who had been getting rich off of their dealings with the orphanage) facing a number of serious charges—including several counts of murder to varying degrees.
The orphanage was left open, however. For the state was not prepared to make a lot of effort relocating them, but the new administrators made sure of life there being quite different than it had been.
Tomas could not bring himself to go see for himself. For the bad memories of his life at the orphanage were still way too vivid, but he was glad for the children still there.
No record of a Thomas Nelson Hardeman ever living at the orphanage was found, but this did not dampen the spirits of Henry and Hannah. For they were quite confident of their oldest son being able to find at least traces of Tomas' family. For he was a high-level executive in a company that supplied provisions to Indian reservations all over the west, but after months of searching high and low, it was as if Tomas and the rest of the villagers had never existed.
Tomas was very disappointed, but he let it go. For he knew that Henry and Hannah had tried their best—especially in consideration of their advanced ages, and he was very happy with the home they had made for him.
Henry and Hannah loved Tomas as much as they did their own children, and all of their children loved him as much as their parents did. Oh, and one of their daughters had a daughter by the name of Sarah, whose eyes would sparkle every time she saw Tomas.
Tomas became very adept at finding hidden eggs, and Sarah, who was three years younger than Tomas, would insist upon helping him when she was over to spend some time with her grandparents. The usual routine would start with Henry fussing about feeling neglected and Hannah telling him to be quiet. Tomas would then claim that he did not need any help and Sarah would take off on the hunt without him. The final act of the play would have Henry and Tomas shaking their heads in feigned disgust before Tomas scooted out of the door to catch up with Sarah.
The good times continued to roll as the years went by, and after testing at a very high intellectual level, Tomas was offered a full scholarship to attend the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville. Henry and Hannah were thrilled, but Tomas turned it down. For he could see that Henry and Hannah were starting to really feel their ages, and he wanted to be there to care for them as much as they had cared for him. Besides, he had a thriving egg business to keep running.
No, his egg business was not dependent upon finding hidden ones. For over the years, Tomas had slowly built up a flock of several hundred hens faithfully laying eggs in their nests around the hen houses he had constructed.
Along the way, Tomas started selling chickens for meat, as well. This endeavor eventually became the greatest source of revenue for his company.
Tomas named his company Fanchier Farms in honor of Henry and Hannah Fanchier. Ironically, his biggest contract was with the orphanage at Alabaster.
Well, Sarah certainly did not mind him sticking around, and Tomas started seeing her in an entirely different light. For that pesky little girl had bloomed into a very beautiful young woman.
Henry and Hannah noticed the changes, and they hoped that nature would take its course. Sarah's parents were not so sure, but they made no move to nip the romance in the bud.
Tomas and Sarah were married on March 18, 1917 in a simple ceremony at the Southern Baptist church that Henry and Hannah had been married in, as well as being longtime members of. It was also the church that Sarah's parents had been married in.
The pastor performed the ceremony as a favor to Henry and Hannah. For he did not know Tomas, but he did know of his circumstances.
Henry and Hannah had not insisted upon Tomas attending church services with them. For the Methodist minister and his wife had succeeded in instilling a great deal of actual fear of God in the children at the orphanage, and Tomas had wanted to stay far away from where he suspected that God might be, such as in a church.
Subsequently, Tomas was quite reluctant to be married in a church, but his great desire to be pleasing to Sarah and her family won the day over his great actual fear of God. He also greatly appreciated the pastor's personal efforts to help insure that the children now at the orphanage were well cared for.
The next day, a letter addressed to Thomas Nelson Hardeman arrived in the mail. It was a draft notice.
Sarah was absolutely devastated, but Tomas did not think that he could ever truly respect himself if he did not answer the call to duty. Henry and Hannah stayed out of the discussion, but they both found it rather curious that here was a draft notice for someone they could find no official record of ever existing not all that very long ago.
Since he and Sarah had planned on staying with Henry and Hannah to begin with, Tomas felt like he had no reason to worry about how well his three closest loved-ones would do without him around for as long as was required. He also believed that Fanchier Farms would continue to prosper with Sarah at the helm. So, he actually reported to the local draft board in Texarkana without as much trepidation as he thought he should feel.
Frustration was another matter, though. For when the draft officials saw that Thomas Nelson Hardeman looked like he might have a lot of Mexican in him, an argument broke out among them over whether or not he was fit for duty. Tomas felt like this was utterly ridiculous. For if a man was willing to fight for his country when called to do so, he should be allowed to fight.
Tomas was subjected to a battery of tests meant to determine his intelligence and loyalties before being examined by a medical doctor. He passed all of the tests with flying colors, and it was determined that he could serve in some capacity supplying provisions to the front. However, the final decision was in the hands of Army Major General Culver.
Tomas was held in the Miller County Jail until word was heard from Major General Culver. He was told that it was for his own protection from those outraged over the recent news of Germany making overtures to encourage Mexico to enter the war on their side and against the United States.
Tomas spent ten days in isolation, and since he was classified as a military prisoner, no one at the jail was told his name. Furthermore, no official record of his incarceration was made public. Therefore, not even Henry and Hannah's son-in-law (the magistrate judge) knew that he was there.
Instead of dispatching a subordinate, Major General Culver came himself to supervise Tomas' transfer to an internment camp in a very remote part of northern New Mexico. Tomas felt a chill run down his spine when he saw the general walk up to his cell, but he did not understand why.
No, it was not the first time Tomas had seen the general. For then Lieutenant Colonel Culver was in command of the Army unit that had moved his family to the internment camp long ago, and he had actually placed Tomas in the back of the wagon that took him to the orphanage in Alabaster.
What the orphanage started, eighteen months at the internment camp for having the wrong color of skin finished. Tomas' spirit was finally completely broken, and when the swine flu pandemic reached the camp, he was one of the first to die.
Sarah did her best to not lose hope, but not knowing what had happened to Tomas after he left to report to the draft board was taking quite a toll on her. She wrote letters to him (at the draft board's address in the hope of them passing them along) each and every day, but she never received a reply back. She held up pretty good for the first ten months or so, but after not receiving a reply to her letter telling him of the birth of their son, Henry (called Hank to save confusion) giant cracks in her brave façade were starting to show.
The war ended and there was still no word of where Tomas might be. According to the Army, there was no record of his enlistment. The same news was received from the Navy and Marines.
As Sarah sank deeper and deeper into a depression over her missing husband, she cared less and less about the daily operations of Fanchier Farms. Since she and Tomas had been careful to make each employee feel like an integral part of the company, the business did not suffer much at first, but it needed to keep growing in order to truly flourish.
I looked on in horror as the swine flu pandemic swept through Hank's extended family like a Biblical plague. I knew better by then to not ask my guide about what was going on, but it sure looked to me like God had targeted them for destruction. For in a matter of a few short weeks, even all of his unofficially-adopted uncles and aunts on Sarah's side of the family lay dead, but little Hank remained as healthy as he could be.
Adding all the more to my horror was seeing the pastor of the Southern Baptist church that Tomas and Sarah had been married in decline to take Hank in. For this meant that he would be surely heading for an extended stay at the Alabaster orphanage. Considering how things had been going, I fully expected to see Major General Culver show up to take Hank there, but it was actually the Little River County sheriff, who did.
Click [here] for a free fancy PDF of the entire book.


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This B&B is different than a lot of others that you'll find, in the sense that Edna makes you feel at home immediately. She has a way of carrying on frank conversations that feel like they're part of your escape, rather than a return to...More
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"The suites have large living rooms which provide ample space to visit with family or friends. Some rooms..."
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|Home | Articles | News | Blog | About | Mailing List | Resources | Prominent Islamists | Middle East Forum | Keep Us Informed | Donate
Letter from U.S. Muslim Leaders Asks Hamas to Return Bodies of IDF Soldiers
by Bridget Johnson
A rabbi who coordinated with a Muslim member of Congress to spearhead an effort to get Hamas to return the bodies of two Israeli soldiers said the resulting letter is proof "Muslims are speaking out" against terrorism and on behalf of the Jewish state.
Rabbi Marc Schneier, co-founder and president of The Foundation for Ethnic Understanding (FFEU), told PJM at the Israeli-American Council National Conference on Sunday that he reached out to Rep. Keith Ellison (D-Minn.), one of two Muslim members of Congress, to get the effort rolling. Rep. Andre Carson (D-Ind.) signed on to the letter drafted by Ellison.
The letter to Hamas leader Khaled Mashal asks for the return of the bodies of Lt. Hadar Goldin and Sgt. Oron Shaul, who were killed in the 2014 conflict in the Gaza Strip. The Goldin family came to D.C. for the conference.
Read the complete original version of this item...
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Creeping Dhimmitude


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Photographer of the Week: Maxine Denver Photo + Video
This profile appears as part of Photographer's Month. Once upon a time, a boy named Paul and a girl named Kelly both attended film school in Chicago. Both shared a love for photography and soon enough, fell in love with each other. They decided to move back to Oregon, buy a house on a farm, and start their very own business.
What made them decide on a photography business? "We were motivated by seeing cheesy wedding photography and really bad promotional videos, we thought we could do better," says Paul. This is their very first business, and has definitely been a steep learning curve.
Their business, Maxine Denver Photo + Video, focuses on taking natural photos and videos of weddings, though they also do promos, music videos, and just about everything in between. Right now, their business is part-time, but they're hoping to soon have it as a full-time gig.
So what's their 5 year plan? "We're not looking to become famous or rich, we just want to make a living doing something we love, which allows us to live where we love near people we love."
The happy couple is making things official with a wedding on June 18, and couldn't be more thrilled!
Before & After
What were your hopes when you found Wave? "Since this is our first business, I was really looking for something that was simple, clean and elegant. I wanted to be able to keep track of everything without being confused or frustrated. Wave fit all of those criteria. And it's free to boot."
Will Wave save you money? "Wave saves us money in many different ways. Not only do we not have to pay for the service, but we don't have to worry about accountant fees or and late fees for doing our books wrong."
Do you have any favorite tools in Wave? "I love the bank transaction importer, it makes life so much easier. It's actually fun to categorize and place each purchase into its proper place, or maybe I'm just weird like that."
How do you feel about your account now after using Wave? "I'm feeling like a pro."
Will Wave save you time? "At least 4 hours a week." (So they can spare more time for antiquing and reading. They're basically an elderly couple in 24-year-old bodies.)
And they lived happily ever after…
Company Info
(971) 208-3982
Wave is 100% free accounting software for photographers, freelancers and other small businesses.


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I believe that readers are leaders.
I ensure that I read as much as I can.
I just finished reading George S. Clason's classic, "The Richest Man In Babylon", and I recommend you read it if you haven't already.
Here are some of the lessons I learnt.I'm sure you'd find them useful too.
1.Money is one of the the parameters by which earthly success is measured.
Take it or leave it, money is one of the yardsticks by which earthly success is measured.
No matter how effective in other areas of your life, if you are not financially free, you are not totally free.
King Sololmon once said "even the wisdom of the poor man is despised."
It is important to be wise.In fact, wisdom is the principal thing.With that in mind, our wisdom should find expression in our finances and help us create the wealth we require to fulfill God's purpose for our lives.
2.Money is not everything but it can be used to acquire things that make life more enjoyable.
People say this often "money is not everything".I absolutely agree.
However, nobody can dispute the fact that money can be used as a tool to acquire the stuff that make life more enjoyable.I relly don't think its a bad idea to have those stuff as long as you are not obsessed by them.
3.Money is always attracted to those who understand the simple laws which govern its acquisition.
Money is no respecter of race, stature, educational background or sex.
It's not your looks that determine how much money you have. There are beautiful people who are broke and there are "not-so-good-looking" people who are rich.
There are tall people who are neck-deep in debt and there are short people who are prosperous.
There are professors who are as poor as the word and there are people who can't even spell their names correctly who are unbelievably wealthy. Riches respond to principles not to sentiments.
4.Money is governed today by the same laws which controlled it thousands of years ago.
I love the fact that wealth creation has been demystified. I appreciate the fact that wealth creation strategies can be learned.
The principles for making money can be learned. Laws are laws.The law of gravity applied two thousand years ago and it still applies today.
Likewise the laws of weath creation.The lawsof gravity applies to both black and white, tall and short, nice and nasty.
The same is true for wealth creation strategies.
5.You can choose to make money.
I have chosen to learn those principles and apply them.I still have a long way to go so I'm glad to start now.
I choose to share what I learn on this trip towards financial prosperity with you. I hope you come with me.
Watch out for my next post because I will share more along these lines. Do drop a line or two and let me know what you think.
Feel free to share what you are learning too and let's see how far we can go together.
Set Yourself Up For Personal, Professional and Financial Greatness! Let Brian Tracy Show You How. Start Today!


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Absolutely Cool's nose hits wire first in Luke Kruytbosch
PHOENIX – Absolutely Cool had always shown flashes of brilliance, including winning Turf Paradise's marquee event, the $75,000 Phoenix Gold Cup, last winter, but the 8-year-old has apparently learned a new trick – consistency – at this age as he rattled off a third straight big effort, rallying to win Saturday's $35,000 Luke Kruytbosch Stakes.
Absolutely Cool ($7.80), owned by Karl Krieg and trained by Valorie Lund, was devoid of speed, as usual, in the six-furlong event, swung very wide turning for home, and came with a strong sustained rally under Jake Barton to just get up in the final strides to win by a nose. Jamaican Memories sat back, came with a strong run to grab a clear lead at 39-1 by midstretch but just couldn't quite fend off the winner while finishing well clear of Redsolocup, third in the field of 10.
Absolutely Cool ran the distance in a brisk 1:08.69. The winner's share of $20,615 gives him earnings of $345,342 from 10 wins in 41 starts. He figures to target a defense of his Phoenix Gold Cup crown, to be run Feb. 13, with a likely prep in the Hank Mills Sr. Stakes (formerly the Swift) at 5 1/2 furlongs here Jan. 23.
Winning Vision takes City of Phoenix
On paper, Winning Vision figured to dominate the $35,000 City of Phoenix Stakes and that's the way it worked out on the track. Owned by C J Racing LLC and trained by Molly Pearson, Winning Vision ($2.60) pressed the early pace of Camille in the six-furlong event for fillies and mares, took command going to the far turn, opened up into the lane under Scott Stevens, and cruised home to win by 2 1/2 lengths without really being asked. Always a Chance, just behind the winner from the start, gamely chased her to finish second while Missdang Sally ran third in the field of eight.
Winning Vision ran the distance in 1:09.72. The winner's share of $21,266 gives her earnings of $152,774 from six wins in 12 starts. She won the Princess of Palms here Oct. 24. There are no more dirt sprint stakes for open older fillies and mares here the remainder of the meet, so she may go back to Southern California for her next outing.


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Wrinkles in Time
(Critical Survey of Contemporary Fiction)
Launched on November 18, 1989, the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) was a satellite with the mission of mapping the universe as it appeared approximately 300,000 years after the big bang. Specifically, it was trying to prove the existence of ripples or wrinkles in the fabric of space-time, which, according to theory, formed the seeds for the galaxies and clusters of galaxies that exist today. George Smoot was the principal investigator for that mission.
WRINKLES IN TIME is essentially three books in one. The authors provide a history of cosmology and cosmological research; a nontechnical discussion of current thought about the origin, evolution, and nature of the universe; and a first-person account of Smoot's research career, which culminated in the detection of ripples in the cosmic background radiation by the COBE. The history is pedestrian, and sometimes misleading. There are equally good or better nontechnical descriptions of modern cosmology. However, the account of Smoot's career, which included research using U-2 aircraft and balloons, and required a stint in Antarctica, is fascinating. Thanks to Stephen Hawking and others, the work of theoretical cosmologists who work with pencil and paper and computers has become well-known. In WRINKLES IN TIME, the reader meets their experimental counterparts and understands the obstacles that they face. Fifteen years passed from the conception of the COBE to the launch. It took three more years to analyze and confirm the data. This is a wonderful account of the frustrations and rewards of science.


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One of the three women shot to death Sept. 10 in a house on Progress Street had called police at least three times to report incidents of her accused killer threatening her, beating her and kidnapping her toddler, police documents show.
Clarissa Cobbing, 19, first reported problems with her ex-boyfriend, Courtney Williams, 21, on Aug. 23. Those problems continued until Sept. 5, five days before Williams allegedly shot and killed her, police reports show.
Williams was not arrested in any of the incidents leading up to the slayings because police could not find him, said Cpl. L'Jean McKneely, a police spokesman.
One incident — in which she reported Williams kidnapped her 2-year-old daughter, threatened to kill Cobbing and tried to burn down the house where she was living — was not assigned to a detective for a follow-up investigation until Sept. 12 — two days after she was killed, police reports show.
Williams is accused in the Sept. 10 slayings of Cobbing, Josephine Lathers, 76, and her granddaughter, Britney Lee, 18, at 1056 Progress St., police have said.
Eric Dozier, 20, was wounded and taken to a hospital with nonlife-threatening injuries.
Williams, 3119 Midway St., surrendered to police Sept. 11 and was booked into Parish Prison on three counts of first-degree murder and one count of attempted first-degree murder.
The Advocate requested the police reports Sept. 12 and received the documents Friday.
The first incident reported to police occurred Aug. 23 when Williams allegedly walked into Cobbing's home at 1520 Utah St., and punched her in the face as she sat in the living room with family members, according to a police report.
Williams then took Cobbing's phone and ran from the home, the report says.
The responding officer, Cpl. Jeremy Bourgeois, filed a report, which was forwarded to the Baton Rouge Police Department's burglary division, the report says.
Det. Matt Johnson went to Cobbing's home twice the following day, but Cobbing was not home, the report says.
Johnson spoke with Cobbing's mother, whose name was not provided to The Advocate, and she told the officer she did not witness the attack, but knew Williams was the person who did it, the report says.
The mother told Johnson the family did not have a phone, but had access to one, the report says. Johnson left his number with the mother, asking her to have Cobbing call him so he could proceed with the case, the report says.
Johnson had not yet heard from Cobbing when he filed his report Sept. 1, the report says.
But before Sept. 1 ended, officers responded to another complaint by Cobbing against Williams.
Cobbing, who was now staying with Lathers and Lee at their Progress Street home, told the responding officer, Cpl. Nicholas Varnado, that Williams had taken her 2-year-old daughter from the home, the report says.
Williams, who is not related to the child, went to the home when Cobbing was not there, and the child was being watched by a babysitter, according to the report.
The babysitter, who is not identified in the report, and the toddler were on the porch when Williams arrived, the report says.
The babysitter went inside the house to get shorts for the tot, and when the babysitter returned, Williams was driving away with the child, the report says.
A short while later, Williams returned, put the child out of the car two houses away and drove away, the report says.
Varnado responded at 2:25 a.m. and searched for Williams in the nearby area before going to Williams' home at 3119 Midway Ave., the report says.
Varnado spoke with Williams' grandmother, who said Williams took her car without permission but had recently returned it before running away, the report says.
After leaving the house, Varnado continued to search for Williams but could not find him, the report says.
While Varnado was searching, Williams returned to the Progress Street home at 3:24 a.m. and threatened to kill Cobbing, according to Varnado's report.
Williams fled before police arrived, and again, could not be found, the report says.
Officers received a third call to Progress Street at 4:25 a.m. after Williams was seen pouring gasoline on the house and threatening to burn it down, the report says.
Several officers again searched for Williams in the area, but they could not find him, the report says.
The attempted arson was investigated by Baton Rouge Fire Department investigators.
No further action was taken that night, the report says.
A detective was assigned to do a follow-up investigation on the incident on Sept. 12 — 11 days later and two days after Cobbing, Lathers and Lee were shot and killed, according to the reports.
Police spokesman Cpl. L'Jean McKneely said it can take days after the initial police report is forwarded to a division before a detective begins an investigation.
"There is a process in which it takes a little while for the detectives to get to it," McKneely said. "They're bombarded with cases."
On Sept. 5, Williams again kidnapped Cobbing's daughter, this time from a relative's birthday party on Lorraine Street, according to a police report.
Williams went to the party when Cobbing was not there and was seen walking away with the toddler at about 7 p.m., the report says.
Cobbing met responding officer Brandon Hollis at the Lorraine Street house and told him she had ended the relationship with Williams about a month earlier, the report says.
Cobbing said Williams "wouldn't accept the breakup," the report says.
Hollis and several officers searched through the night for Williams.
At about 1 a.m., Cobbing told Hollis that Williams had agreed to meet her and give her back the child.
With police cars staged nearby, Williams brought the toddler to the arranged meeting place, but he became angry when he saw that Cobbing brought a cousin with her, the report says.
Instead of returning the child, Williams fled with the tot, the report says.
Officer Hollis then told Cobbing to go to the police station to fill out a missing persons form, which she did, the report says.
At 6 the next morning, Sgt. Brenda Gann took over the investigation, a police report says.
Gann met with Cobbing, who said Williams had threatened to kill the child and flee to Texas because she had involved the police, the report says.
While Gann was beginning to issue an Amber Alert, Williams' brother was able to get the child from Williams, the report says.
The brother met detectives at the entrance of an apartment complex where he gave them the child, the report says.
Detectives returned the child to Cobbing, the reports says.
Gann learned of the previous incidents involving Cobbing and Williams, and provided all of the police reports to Det. Belford Johnson of the Victim's Crime Unit.
Belford filed an arrest warrant for Williams for simple kidnapping on Sept. 7.
McKneely said officers began actively searching for Williams, checking known addresses and notifying his family that there was a warrant against him.
"Locating him was the problem," McKneely said. "Officers were aware of all the incidents and were all over the place trying to find him."
Williams was able to elude capture and allegedly killed the three women on Sept. 10.
Martha Forbes, executive director of the Capital Area Violence Intervention Center, said her agency is actively working with law enforcement to improve how domestic violence cases are handled.
"Chief (Dewayne) White is working very closely with us on that," Forbes said. "Domestic violence is a very complex issue, and law enforcement has a tough job. But we had a meeting with the chief to work on truly developing a safety net for victims of domestic violence."
Forbes said a coordinated community response team is needed to assess the current system and policies and identify the shortcomings in handling domestic violence cases.
Forbes said she would also like to see a streamlined process that allows for quicker arrests if a suspect has a history of violence against a victim — as was the case with Williams.
"We're very sad for the family," Forbes said. "We want these murders to stop."


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The darth_katarn_v3.zip file you have requested: Skins / Star Wars / Darth Katarn - 734.76kb is not available. Perhaps try browsing all files for the game Star Wars: Jedi Academy and upload any files you want to share or are missing. This is the only information we could locate:
Ok, for those of you who missed the first 2 Darth Katarn's
In case you missed the original version of this file, here's the review:
The author stated in his read-me that he was diappointed with some of the Sith Kyle skins out there, so he decided to make his own. Unfortunately it seems he searched only the JK3 skins and put in "sith" as one of his key terms, missing all of the "dark" kyle skins which, lo and behold, look almost exaclty like this one.How does one make a "Sith" skin? Just make all the clothes black! Two Thumbs Up!Okay, so maybe I have a personal problem with the black=Sith cliche. However the skin isn't bad, if just a little unimaginative. Kyle sports a black outfit with a red under shirt, red RotS-ish eyes, and a scar over his left eye. The scar actually seems to be done well - it's not just a drawn-in line.If you're looking for anything extra with this skin you're not going to get it. No bot support, no NPC, no new sounds. We do get some team skins, though. Looking for Kyle in black duds? Give this a try.
Yay, no more black=Sith! I'm so happy. It is still a very simple Kyle recolor, but the colors are tasteful and don't scream "Look at me, I'm wearing BLACK!"The pants are still black, however. I only have one problem with that - the author didn't retain enough of the original material's texture. At first I thought he just painted over it with a black brush, but after severely straining my eyes in dim light I realized that indeed the original texture was there, the coloring was just very dark with little contrast. For the future I would suggest playing around with contrasts to get those folds to show up just a little better.Now I do have a gripe or two about the team colors. With the dark red shirt, I felt the team colors were much too bright. They clashed badly, in my opinion. Especially the blue. However that's just my opinion, so look for yourself.There are also a couple of things you should know before downloading this file. First of all the read-me says this file includes bot and NPC support. Now the author didn't lie, but he didn't tell the truth, either. The bot doesn't work. I could tell it wouldn't without testing it in-game (though I did anyway, just to make sure). The author has not included the actual .bot file, so all that you'll get is the personality file. Also the NPC support isn't exactly what you'd expect. It overwrite's Kyle's NPC file, so you'll get Darth Katarn when you try to spawn Kyle's NPC, or whenever you see him in the single-player game. Now personally I like this version of Kyle better than the original, so I don't mind, but if you do this may not be quite right for you.Bot Support: NoTeam Support: YesNew Sounds: NoNPC Support: Yes~Inyri
Well looking back at the original Darth Katarn I can see it has come a long way,The things that have changed in this version 3The brightness of the blue team colour has been reduced so it doesnt clash as much with the red jacket but hasn't been reduced so much that you can't see it. Although personally I think making his whole jacket blue, I know it ruins how he should look but if you imagine a team FFA server full of people wearing this skin, the blue team would have an advantage because from a distance it looks red.His pants have been lightened, which gives the skin in general a better look, now you can see the original texture which gives depth to it, instead of it just looking like hit pants have been dipped in tar... hmm that could be a cool affect, I might have to try that.Lastly the bot support has been fixed.
(can't believe I forgot the stupid .bot file...)
Don't worry we have all made mistakes like this in the past :)Well it is nice to see a new developer ... well develop so fast, I hope to see more mods from you in the futureKeep up the good workBot Support: YesTeam Support: YesNew Sounds: NoNPC Support: Yes-TheSpike
We recommend you return to the download list and browse the links from there. If the problem persists, contact us with the details.


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Posts by Fallacies
Total # Posts: 3
Logical Fallacies
I think number 4 might be Red Herring, Anyone please confirm?
Logical Fallacies
Corrections: 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. B
Logical Fallacies
SECTION A Please respond to ALL FOUR questions in this section. Be sure to include a 1-2 sentence explanation of your answer (i.e., why is that the correct answer), not just the letter of your choice. 1.) I should get an A in this class because I really need one. (...


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The Atlantic, Eric Liu, May 11, 2012. Liu is a correspondent for The Atlantic and co-author of The Gardens of Democracy.
In this article, Liu implores individuals to exercise their "citizen muscles." According to Liu, "The work of democratic life — solving shared problems, shaping plans, pushing for change, making grievances heard — has become ever more professionalized over the last generation. . . . [I] f we make the little shifts in mindset and habit to reclaim civic life, they will compound into contagion. We are the renewal of self-government we yearn for." Read the article.
One Response to "Democracy Is for Amateurs"
Well worth the read. This article speaks strongly in support of the VAN / Evolve mission.


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Skin felt very clean and soft after washing! Helps to remove makeup as well and doesn't leave skin feeling dry. I love that the Amie skincare products are vegan friendly and free of mineral oil and parabens too. I just wish it didn't have fragrance in it however which is why I gave it one less star
These reviews are the subjective opinions of ChickAdvisor members and not of ChickAdvisor Inc.


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We are right to the left of the big burn in the center. Kinda busy. Still folks digging and opals coming out. The NWR is rounding up horses and mapping mining district boundries finally since 1975 act of congress. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/fires/main/usa/20120810-westernus.html
Tag: travel
Memorial Day Weekend tailings digging at the Rainbow
Hiya all; Well all you Opalholics, summer is NOT here. Opening day at the Rainbow never got warmer than the 50s. It was cold and windy with showers. The mud welcomed us and the road into the tailings was one lane of two fresh scrapes down below the 3 inches of mud. I didn't even consider driving down the other side of the valley that afternoon. Less than half of the normal opening weekend crowd was there. The line of cars got stalled as folks got stuck going in. By 9 we were all digging tho'. It was miserable so no one was wandering around gloating with big ones from the piles to show off in the gloom and drizzle. I did hear repeated finds from a couple piles. Walkin' tall with mud gloomed onto the boots for sure. 6 or 7 loads were sold and I saw opals from at least 3 of them. Like I said it was a bad day light wise. I'm sure ounces went into the tailings in muddy dirt clods that night. Everybody got back out of the mine Ok. Today was snowed out but it's supposed to be clearing for a couple days around Monday. Did not talk to any other valley diggers so I can't give a sitrep on the Peacock or Bonanza mines. The campground was barely populated,but I blame that on the oil situation and the economy going belly up on peoples savings instead of just a couple bad banks. Give us a couple warm days without rain and it will all be dry again. Even with the rain the tailings were dry when you got below the surface (2-3 inches). The montmorillite here soaks up water and breaks down fast but it sort of swells and makes a waterproof crust of dust and the rest of the water just runs off. I have seen tailings from 20 or 100 years ago still like that. Smooth dirt crust on top and originally mined rough chunks under the surface. Well I did find the usual suspects of opal. About 1 -5 gallon bucket all told of every thing including dirt clods and rocks. The un expected big one and some cones. Here's photos.


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Community images
Great for riding out in the Winter when visibility is poor. These pads feature a reflective piping and two broad reflective stripes on each side. With...
published 06/06/2008
ProComfortable and it does reflect!!
ConsMight fade after repeated washing.
Long Name: Kincade Reflective Pads
Type: Horse Wear
Genre: Numnahs
Manufacturer: Weatherbeeta
Listed on Ciao since: 07/05/2007


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news on the beach
who to call
volunteers in action
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Page last updated: 3/28/12

Seal pup Sandy thriving in rehab at PAWS
Oct/02/11 07:56 AM
The seal pup nicknamed Sandy is fattening up at
PAWS Wildlife Center
in Lynnwood, the only local resource for rehabbing a small number of seal pups each season. The terribly thin pup weighed only 7.7 kgs, or slightly less than 17 lbs, when taken to PAWS on August 15th after spending the night on a West Seattle beach. A healthy pup her age should have weighed about 23 kgs (approx 50 lbs). As of September 24th, Sandy had doubled her weight in rehab to 36 lbs and she is reported to be great at catching live fish! She is due to be released in a few weeks. In the photo, Sandy shows off her new beachball body with a pal in the rehab pool. She will be released when her weight reaches 50 lbs, a sufficient blubber layer to sustain her as she makes the transition back into the wild. Thank you PAWS!

news on the beach
who to call
volunteers in action
Seal FAQs
contact us
public service announcement


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Renesas launches the development of a new processor for mobile handsets
Renesas Technology , a joint venture of Hitachi and Mitsubishi Electric, and Nazomi Communications, chip vendor for multimedia and Java solutions, informed about the joint development focused on improving mobile handsets performance.
Renesas is to purchase the acceleration technology for Java from Nazomi and will pass to this company the intellectual property rights for SH-Mobile series. As a result, we should see new inexpensive handsets with built-in cameras supporting Java, 2D/3D graphics, video and audio applications.
According to the official press release, the three primary objectives are:
Video, audio and data capabilities is one of the primary trends of todays wireless industry that offers nice prospects for multimedia processors for Java- enabled phones. According to the latest report by Zelos Group, 450 million phones or 74% of the world sales volume will support Java by 2007.
The SH-Mobile series includes SH-Mobile 1, SH-Mobile J and SH-Mobile V solutions. They actually have the dual-way structure in which one processor is responsible for the communications, and the other for applications. SH-Mobile models utilize 32-bit RISC SuperH architecture and support JPEG image browsing, MP3 playback, MPEG4 encoding/decoding, virtual Java. Below is an example of a system based on SH-Mobile V:
ASUS Launches R9 200, R7 200 Series, Matrix R9 280X Graphics Cards
Apacer Launches SATA SLC-lite SSD solutions
ADATA Introduces a Stylish External HDD HC630
Samsung Introduces New Wireless Multiroom Speakers
WD Gives Consumers a Cloud of Their Own
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Watching the recent Antifa videos taken in Austin, Texas, I can't help but be unimpressed with what passes for modern rhetoric. Color me less than convinced by those pitiful little passels of sadness called Antifa.
Surprisingly, "F*#k you" has risen above mere vulgarity. Moving into the realm of educated speech, it is now intended to defend the veracity of one's right to protest. Profanity is the next wave in philosophical brilliance.
I had no idea. I thought excessive foul language was used when people without an adequate vocabulary or education attempted to appear forceful.


text: Just finished another long chat with Customer Support. They confirmed that DJI still doesn't have any stock (and haven't had any all week). Initially I was told that they had "no idea" when they would have more stock. When I asked if anybody there had any idea, or whether everybody was clueless, the response was "almost total clueless " After persistent questioning I was told that according to the supervisor and logistics team, they are hoping for a batch of 400 late next week - but it's not for certain and they can't promise anything. When I asked if there was a problem with production, the reply was "maybe". None of this gives me much confidence.


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Summer Trailer (2014)
28 September 2014 Drama 86 mins
Sixteen-year-old Anne grows up in the isolated Biesbosch area, where spacious fields and power pylons define the landscape. With a group of friends, she spends a sultry summer holiday there trying to make the leap to maturity. But this shared experience turns into a conflict situation when Anna develops feelings for the tough girl Lena. Coming-of-age drama about growing pains, the inevitable end of childhood and choosing your own life - no matter how confusing your environment may find it.
Watch the official Summer 2014 trailer in HD below or find more Summer videos on Vidimovie.


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The design of a specialty Gelato retail kiosk was conceived to create a unique visual image to be associated with the brand. A playful and attractive decidedly feminine approach was taken using the strong colorful nature of the product line.
The concept of the privileged Chef's Table inside the kitchen was the inspiration for the design of this restaurant. A completely open kitchen gives the guests a connection to the preparation and special attention given to the decidedly healthy and whole-food cuisine. The careful balance of comfort, ambiance and functionality of the kitchen and dining spaces was struck with the design skills of all those involved, primarily the client, architect, mechanical engineer and kitchen equipment provider.
A comfortable eclectic design sensibility with twists and artistic expressions to complement the popular Italian food chain that was originally developed by the Don Bosco Italian priests to give them a taste of their own home cooking. The design inspiration for this restaurant was an Italian immigrant's young entrepreneurial and artistic daughter, a close profile match to this particular branch's target market of call centers and the college university crowd.
This Italian restaurant concept was originally developed by the Italian priests of the Don Bosco parish. For this new branch the design inspiration was an immigrant mother who moved to the Philippines and became known for her cooking. Her design sense as an interpretation of what is locally available in her current community was the basis for the eclectic design. Although now the restaurant has many branches, the feel for the design is still that of being a one-of concept.
The second branch of a successful comfort food concept restaurant, the design is the more masculine version of the original restaurant that emulates coming to the chef's apartment to enjoy a well prepared meal. The design is inspired by the architecture of 1970s homes.
Bakery in Pasig 2009
Design of a store located within the factory of a pastry supplier. Design provides for all the functional needs of the unique retail location while providing a relaxed and personality driven ambiance.
Wine Club 2007
Design of a Wine Bar and Retail Store featuring the inventory of an importer of American Wines. Also serving as his office and showroom. An ambiance for serious wine aficionados was designed.
Apartment 1B 2006
Design of a former restaurant space renovated to accommodate a new homey restaurant concept. The design aimed to provide an extension of the chef owner's own kitchen and dining area to provide a comfortable space for people to hang-out and return to.
Design of a Fine Dining Restaurant featuring local finishing materials complementing the innovative take on Philippine cuisine.
Grams Diner Rockwell 2003
Design of a modern American diner inspired restaurant. Iconic elements were used and given a more modern twist to suggest the cozy welcoming atmosphere that diners projected during their prime.
Design of a new French inspired pastry kiosk also meant to provide meals and snacks. The design incorporates the multi-functional requirements of the kiosk as well as its strong graphic design developed for it's labeling. The design aims to provide a modern conceptual translation of a traditional classic icon.
A new take on an existing fast food chain. The design aims to bring the look of the restaurant to a more contemporary feel and image.
A new take on an existing fast food chain. The design aims to bring the look of the restaurant to a more contemporary feel and image.
The first of a series of new restaurants designed with a newer fresher take on an old reliable restaurant concept. Taking into consideration the appeal of elements of the existing restaurants and creating a newer younger market appeal. The design has since then been the basis for succeeding store design concepts.


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Using this media collection, students explore the theme of loss within Shakespeare's plays, particularly focusing on Hamlet, Twelfth Night, and Richard II. Whether it is loss of a loved one, loss of power, or loss of identity, students examine how Shakespeare's characters cope with loss. Students also question whether or not Shakespeare's own life (and loss) influenced his writing.
© 2018 PBS & WGBH Educational Foundation. All rights reserved.
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Sold STC – What does it mean?
As an acronym, SSTC merely means 'Sold Subject To Contract'. That sounds nice and simple, doesn't it? Unfortunately, it's a little bit trickier than that due to legal technicalities and what it actually means to the different parties involved. Considering an average of 15% of properties come back onto the market after being listed as 'Sold STC', it's worth understanding exactly what STC means for different parties involved. As experienced estate agents in Cardiff, we're more than familiar with the jargon used in the industry, so we've compiled this guide on what Sold STC really means for both buyers and sellers.
What does it mean?
As soon as a property is SSTC, all the necessary work begins to officially transfer the ownership of the property into the buyer's name. This is a lengthy legal process that we've previously broken down into a more in depth 12-step article. Put simply, this is the stage that the buyer will make mortgage arrangements, conduct searches on the property, authorise a survey, negotiate contracts and finalise all the details before the sale becomes concrete. As you can imagine, the intricate nature of this process means that buyers will occasionally find red flags in the property which can lead to them backing out or trying to negotiate a lower price. Although it sounds risky, the lack of legal commitment at the Sold STC stage can provide benefits for both the buyer and the seller.
What does it mean for sellers?
Listing a property as Sold STC means that the seller has the right to accept a better offer if approached by another interested buyer. It also helps the seller to look for other buyers if the original buyer starts to run into problems. Prospective buyers can phone the estate agent and ask them to put their details on record if the property comes back on the market, this puts the seller in a much better position should something go wrong with the original sale.
What does it mean for potential buyers?
Sold STC gives buyers the option to leave the deal with minimal financial loss if any problems arise with the sale. For example, sometimes a surveyor may find issues with the structure of the property, if this happens then the buyer has the freedom to withdraw from the deal or renegotiate on the original offer.
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