text:
Why share book reviews? I have so many reasons to do so.
First, at our February 19th 2016 professional day, Faye Brownlie talked to us about literacy activities that should be happening in every classroom, for every child, every day and sometimes, every week.
Every child, every day should be read aloud to. Since the classroom is the environment we control, we cannot just hope this happens at home, we need to do this at school. I need to read aloud every day. This can and should include both fiction and non-fiction.
Book Talks are a powerful way to promote new titles that readers might not have considered before. In 3 – 4 minutes, one can promote 3 books. Every child, every day should be reading books of his or her choosing. Book Talks can expand the repertoire of books chosen.
If I do the Math, that means I will be reading aloud about 195 books in a school year. And if I do Book Talks of only three books, once a week, that is 120 titles per year. If I do Book Talks twice a week, that is 240 titles per year.


text:
bleach (blēch)
Share: Tweet
v. bleached, bleach·ing, bleach·es
a. To remove the color from, as by means of chemical agents or sunlight: Over time, the exposure to sunlight bleached the rug in front of the window.
b. To make white or colorless: Dawn bleached the mountains.
2. To whiten by causing the death or expulsion of algal symbionts from (coral).
1. To act as or use a bleach.
2. To become white as a result of the loss of algal symbionts, usually following an environmental stress such as increased water temperature. Used of coral.
1. A chemical agent used for bleaching.
a. The act of bleaching.
b. The degree of bleaching obtained.
[Middle English blechen, from Old English blǣcan; see bhel-1 in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.]
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition copyright ©2018 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
The American Heritage Dictionary Blog
Check out our blog, updated regularly, for new words and revised definitions, interesting images from the 5th edition, discussions of usage, and more.
American Heritage Dictionary Products
The American Heritage Dictionary, 5th Edition
The American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms
The American Heritage Roget's Thesaurus
Curious George's Dictionary
The American Heritage Children's Dictionary
The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots
The American Heritage Student Grammar Dictionary
The American Heritage Desk Dictionary + Thesaurus
The American Heritage Science Dictionary
The American Heritage Dictionary of Business Terms
The American Heritage Student Dictionary
The American Heritage Essential Student Thesaurus

subset: commoncrawl


text:
How to Crack Open Safe and Vault in 5 Minutes (Locksmith or Safe-Cracker Documentary)
What's the purpose of a safe (also known as strongbox or coffer) or value if it can be easily defaeted, cracked and opened by somebody? Luckily, it's not easy, or almost impossible for average person to crack and defeat the lock combinations on the safe without access to the key or knowledge of the combination numbers. But some locksmiths, or safecrackers can easily crack open any safe with ease, as shown in the Discovery documentary video clip.
Jeff Sitar is probably the world's best legit professional safecracker who crack safes for a living. Best of all, he can crack the safe using lock manipulation technique that manipulate the lock in order to obtain the combination required to open the safe without actually damaging the safe, and do it within 5 minutes!
The secret? Years of practice and a ultra-sensitive hand and ear to feel the dial when the notches of the discs are on proper position, or hear the 'clicking' sound when it happens. So don't feel bad if you cannot crack the safe like him.
Recent Articles
- Windows 10 Update KB4057144 (Build 15063.877) Releases For Older Windows 10
- Windows 10 Build 14393.2034 (KB4057142) Releases For Anniversary Update PC
- Windows Server Insider Preview Build 17074 to Windows Insiders adds new storage, failover clustering updates
- Windows 10 Redstone 4 Insider Preview Build 17074 For PC Released
- COVERT Pro Free Download With License Key [Worth $42]


text:
Organize your favourite listings
Sign up to keep track of your favourite spaces and revisit them later.
105- Great retail street exposure — open space ready for improvements 203-Office space with open floor plan ready for improvements — has common washrooms, bright with lots of windows, high-speed Internet available.
Close to all amenities including public transportation. Great location for small businesses or office space. Access to 204th Street overpass to North Langley.


text:
This is a split board - You can return to the Split List for other boards.
Anybody know of some good games that let you mix & match class skills?
You're browsing the GameFAQs Message Boards as a guest. Sign Up for free (or Log In if you already have an account) to be able to post messages, change how messages are displayed, and view media in posts.
Report Message
Terms of Use Violations:
Etiquette Issues:
Add user to Ignore List after reporting


text:
Rushing woman's syndrome0:26
Lisa Curry is now on a quest to spread the word around Australia on a female and male problem called 'rushing woman's syndrome'. Courtesy: ACA
WE owe Lisa Curry-Kenny a debt of gratitude for her brave admission that she has been suffering from Rushing Woman's Syndrome.
This crippling condition placed great stress on her now failed marriage. This is because, in her own words, she was "an irritable cow" who was cranky, crotchety, and often couldn't stop nagging her former husband Grant Kenny, whose iron man status offered scant protection from her unyielding domestic assault, although it might explain in hindsight why he was so fond of kayaking out to sea as fast as he could.
Curry-Kenny made the admission on that great clearing house of ideas, A Current Affair, on Thursday night.
Sadly she received a fair and reasonable hearing. Rather than having to answer any suggestion that Rushing Woman's Syndrome was laughable Californian psychobabble, or perhaps more bluntly, crap, she instead prattled on unchallenged about the horrors of this hitherto non-existent disease.
This allowed her to turn a pattern of behaviour she had arguably chosen into an affliction she simply couldn't avoid, and is now treating with something called a "happy hormone supplement" which she takes with her morning smoothies.
With any luck this supplement will soon be on the PBS and subsidised by the taxpayers, providing long-overdue relief to all those other irritable cows out there and the brow-beaten blokes who live with them.
This is some of what she said.
"The Rushing Woman Syndrome is absolutely me. It's been me for a long time. I didn't want to seem like I was the only cow on earth, but it always felt like that to me.
"I had days where I just felt completely out of control. I was angry, irritable, moody, cried for no reason, and wanted to kill the world.
"On behalf of me and all women in Australia, I want to say sorry to all the guys, cause they cop it, the men cop it, it's the men that are closest in your life, and ...they don't even have to do anything, yet they can't do anything right or wrong ... in our eyes they're the worst person in the world," she said.
"Sorry guys, but I'm glad there's a name for it now and I'm glad we've got a solution."
We should all be glad we've got the solution because it sets a terrific precedent for other forms of behaviour.
For years so many men I know, this one included, have suffered in silence from a condition known as horizontal couch-related imbibing syndrome.
Sometimes this condition is so intense that you feel like you have got a gigantic weight pressing down upon your chest. You find yourself stuck, just lying straight ahead for hours at at a time. You need to have something extremely cold in your hand – yet oddly, something warm nearby, like nachos, or maybe some barbecued chicken wings and a bottle of Frank's Red Hot Sauce.
Sufferers find themselves literally pinned on their backs to the couch, often on consecutive days, usually Saturdays and Sundays, even also for a few hours on a Friday night.
Symptoms include belching, excessive testicular self-examination and irrational and frequent shouting outbursts, similar to those experienced by sufferers of Tourette's Syndrome.
Phrases such as BALLLLLLLLL, HIGHHHHH, and AREYAFUGGINBLINDYAWHITEMAGGOT are commonly heard. At its worst, sufferers end the day in tears and talking to themselves, muttering incomprehensible sentences such as "but we were up at three quarter time and we absolutely threw it away I don't know why I bloody bother" and then perpetrate low-level acts of violence on a cushion or a remote control. Sometimes they will even kick the cat.
Horizontal couch-related imbibing syndrome often presents with another more common ailment, domestic deafness, in which male sufferers will blithely agree to perform tasks they have no intention of completing, such as fixing the hinge on the side gate which has been in a state of disrepair since 2007.
"Hey honey, the dog has been digging down the side again. Maybe if you have a moment you could have a bit of a look at the gate?"
"Yep hon I'm on it ... BALLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL."
There is, or should be, a condition for every domestic occasion, such as leaving the toilet seat up disorder, not knowing what grade the kids are in disease, groceryphobia or forgetting your birthday syndrome, which is not that serious a complaint as wives eventually catch that one too.
There's a condition psychiatrists define as a "dissociative fugue", a personality disorder whereby sufferers become forgetful, confused and have a sudden desire to travel.
This one could help the next time you find yourself mysteriously transported to the TAB or going to Bunnings for no good reason on the same afternoon your mother-in-law is coming over for a cup of tea.
Confess to any of the above conditions and you can not only win yourself a bit of clemency on the domestic front, you might even get a start on A Current Affair, and everyone feels better about themselves. Problem solved.
In all seriousness though, maybe the takeout message from all this is that to keep the magic alive, it's vital to set aside some regular "us" time.
Time when you just look at each other, smile, touch, and most of all, talk. Because in love, as in life, there will be ups and downs, and times when BALLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL ...
Originally published as My brave battle to get off the couch


text:
By: Annie Scaramuzzino
Yep, you read that right.
The internet is currently angry with Jennifer Lawrence for a story she recently told while appearing on The Graham Norton Show.
Lawrence and her co-star Chris Pratt were promoting their new film Passengers when she recalled an incident that occurred while she was filming The Hunger Games in Hawaii a few years ago.
"We were filming in Hawaii and there were Sacred Rocks … and you're not supposed to sit on them," she said. "I, however, was in a wet suit that whole shoot and oh my God they were so good for butt itching!"
Still, the story didn't stop there, as the Academy Award-winner added that her use the rocks nearly led to the death of a crew member.
"One rock that I was butt-scratching on ended up going loose," she explained. "It was a giant boulder and it rolled down the mountain and almost killed the sound guy."
"All the Hawaiians were like 'Oh my God, it's the curse!,'" Lawrence recalled. "I'm in the corner going 'I'm your curse. I wedged it loose with my ass.'"
Though some found J. Law's story funny, others weren't too impressed with the anecdote, and they took to Twitter to air their grievances with the actress.
Many are calling for the actress to apologize, though she has not commented on the backlash.


text:
Portland SEO, a digital marketing agency in Portland, Oregon, has announced that they now offer a service focused specifically on local companies. They assist these companies through extensive search engine optimization service. As experts, the staff at Portland SEO have been able to make a huge difference in the online authority of many of their clients. More details about their new, local approach are available at www.slideshare.net/PortlandSEO.
Augusto Beato, lead consultant from Portland SEO, says: "Here at Portland SEO we have earned the reputation as the best Internet Marketing Service in all of Portland for a reason. We offer unparalleled search engine optimization marketing plans Reputation Management and Portland web design Services. Our SEO packages are affordable and we use only proven search engine marketing and social media marketing technique that are trusted by some of the top brands online."
Portland SEO has also released a new video on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cGPyFcJ4xtU that highlights the services that they provide. The video includes a description of their service, such as search engine marketing and reputation management. Because they now focus strongly on the Portland local market, they aim to drive the local economy with their services as well.
"We are Portland born and bred, and we want to make sure that businesses here are allowed to thrive and grow," adds Augusto Beato. "This is why we have now changed our focus specifically to local businesses. Naturally, we welcome clients from anywhere in the world, but our focus is very much on Portland."
Those who have been served by the company have been very pleased with the results. "Portland SEO helped my small business manage search engine optimization, making our reviews and successes more available to the public eye," says Lindsay B. on the company's Facebook page. "We utilized their press release services and this was really helpful in bringing attention to the positive accomplishments our staff and customers wanted to share with the Portland community. As a small business it is imperative to find ways to reach potential customers through the assets we already possess. Portland SEO helped create a customized package of services that helps us manage our image, our potential in the Portland community and it helps us acknowledge customers who need us. I really recommend these guys - you won't be sorry."
Those interested are encouraged to follow the company's LinkedIn page at https://www.linkedin.com/company/portland-seo.
SOURCE: Press Advantage [Link]
Here at Portland SEO we earned the reputation as the best Internet Marketing Service in all of Portland for a reason. We offer unparalleled search engine optimization marketing plans Reputation Management and Portland web design Services.
September 29, 2017 – Portland Reputation Management Expert Reacted After Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke Uses Taxpayer Dollars for $12,000 Charter Flight
June 16, 2017 – Portland SEO Now Offers Adwords Management
July 08, 2016 – Portland SEO Releases Information On Reputation Marketing Tools
April 25, 2016 – Portland SEO Jobs Help Rebuild Oregon Economy
March 07, 2016 – Portland SEO Announces New Services To Accommodate AdWords Changes
February 18, 2016 – High Levels Of Heavy Metals In Portland Will Require Medical Testing And Intervention
February 05, 2016 – Portland SEO Consultant Responds To Story About Fake Businesses Getting Listed On Search Results
December 16, 2015 – Portland AdWords Management Company Moves To New Location
November 02, 2015 – Portland SEO Chief Operating Officer Augusto Beato Announces Publication of a Guidebook on Local Online Marketing


text:
Wow, this was incredibly delicious! It's also very easy to make, though it took me about an hour start to finish. It's easy to prep as you go, chopping the cauliflower while the (quick cooking) farro is cooking, grating the cheese while the cauliflower is sauteing, etc. Also, I made it all in the large stainless steel skillet. A few more notes:
1. I added some chopped spinach and white beans.
2. Cut back on the salt. I added some to the cauliflower while it was sauteing, and some of the caper juice ended up in the dish, so maybe avoid doing that next time but keep the same amount of salt the recipe calls for.
crusty baked cauliflower and farro


text: Bauernstand (Bauern = peasants/farmers; Stand = Estate): 1) a collective name for peasantry Bauern; 2) a popular name for the representative bodies of the "valleys and courts" subject to the local prince in the Landtag in the provinces of Tirol and Vorarlberg, sometimes also Salzburg. The fourth "Stand" (Estate) did not, however, represent the peasants as a social group, but the court district subject to the local prince. Courts under the jurisdiction of noblemen or the church (as in Matsch or the courts in Brixen/Bressanone) were therefore not represented in the Representative Assemblies. 3) a concept used in conservative social analyses indicating the stability and constancy of the peasant's/farmers' way of life.


text:
Deloitte surveyed of 7,700 millennials globally here. The respondents were folks born after 1982 with college degrees, working in large organizations (100+) across 29 different countries. You work with millennials everyday – anyone under 33 years.
As I have lots of opinions (nice thing about having a blog), see my comments in green.
"Remarkable absence of loyalty" This is how Deloitte phrased the fact that in the survey 66% of people said they would likely leave their employer in the next 5 years. Basically, 1 in 4 millennial will likely leave their job each year. This is a challenge for US employers since millennials are the largest demographic segment of the workforce.
This does not surprise me – this is exactly the advice I give younger undergraduates and MBAs. Seek out skills, capabilities, relationships, and networks. Companies are amorphous brands, organizations, products, and distribution channels stitched together by ERP systems and history. Find good hard work and make yourself more valuable.
I believe firmly in loyalty to people (boss, customers, peers, yourself) and your work. Everything else is a secondary. Perhaps this is my bias as a consultant – but you have to seek out projects which will make you more valuable. To me, not controversial.
"Leadership skills not being fully developed" Apparently, one of the greatest points of dissatisfaction is the lack of leadership opportunities. This groups sees leadership as the skill or attribute that the market prizes (and pays) the most for, and they are not getting adequate opportunities to flex those muscles.
This I disagree with. Perhaps this is my Generation X nature, but my questions is how much "leadership" can you really show with such limited experience? I have seen newbies "experiment" on their teams, customers, and peers with misguided leadership. It's painful to watch and disrespectful. Your leadership at the cost of other people is not acceptable. Your NET GAIN cannot be with a NET LOSS of other people.
Leadership is taking calculated risks – and honestly – is a privilege, not an assignment or specific role. Should you be given management opportunities? (of course), Should you be given undeserved leadership opportunities (it depends, probably not).
"Business has a positive impact on society" It was encouraging to read that 73% of respondents have a positive view on the role of business, in spite of all the market turmoil, occasional scandals, and fodder found in newspapers.
Bravo. Too many publicly-traded companies and managers (not leaders) are myopic and quickly sacrifice the environment, their people, and their customers for short-term gain. To me, the goal and beauty of capitalism done right is long-term greed.
"Put employees first" This is a dramatic departure from the shareholder view that I was (mis)taught in business school just 10 years ago, and perhaps shows a more global view than what you would hear from a typical free market-minded American.
I largely agree with this too. In a world where customer service is a core element of any product (e.g., automobile, healthcare etc), customers satisfaction will NEVER be higher than employee satisfaction. If your call center reps, schedulers, receptionists, analysts, and technicians are not happy then. . . your customers will feel that angst.
"Values guide where Millennials work, what assignments they will accept" This is a fascinating finding that millennials believe their values are shared by the organization they work for. Furthermore, 56% of them have identified companies they would never work because of value / moral reasons. Almost half (49%) have refused a task at work because moral or ethical reasons.
I have some cynicism with this one.
First of all, if they are so aligned with their current company, why are they going to leave? Second, I grew up in a conservative-minded household, and also worked overseas for 7 years so this is quite foreign to me. I cannot imagine what my Fortune 500 boss would ask me to do that would get to "refuse" to do it because of my ethics.
Rebuttal From Tomm in the comments below. Very good, reasonable example which argues the contrary. See a portion of Tomm's comment in red below:
My friend refused run an optimization project for a tobacco company, simply because he's against everything this industry stands for, for me it's fully understandable.
I think that being loyal to your company for the sake of loyalty = being lazy. Everything changes, when I look at my employer I see new branding, new strategy, new people around and it's all within last 2 years. It's not the same company, what's more these days I have different priorities. I get a lot of resumes of people who jump from one employer to another every 2 years or even less, are they of low ethics? I don't think so.
Finally, I understand this is a global survey. Yes, there are many countries where business practices are still rough; places where it is kind of Mad-Men – not friendly to women, minorities, or outsiders. Yes, I can imagine why some people would respond this way. My only pause is that this too often can be an excuse for not doing the work.
"Not employer focused" From this 2×2 graphic below, it's clear that millennials are focused on their own situation – income, quality of work, morality/ethics, skills and career path. Do the things in the grey-shaded box represent this mindset?
Not surprising. I would argue that has always been the case. Capitalism = long-term greediness. No one WANTS to a company cog, or die a company loyalist for no clear reason, other than it is who pays them to show up.
What I think has changed is the patience level, grit, and willingness to endure. Millennials – as symbols of their time – simply understand that there are multiple career options, a talent shortage, ability to harness disruptive technology, and opportunity cost.
"Work/life balance comes before career progression" Millennials want to enjoy both their work and their life. . which is shown by the #1, #3, #4, #6, #7 responses below.
As I have become mid-career I can empathize with this orientation. Work and life are two sides of the same thing. Also, as a consultant I am just as likely to work on a Saturday night, as I am to go to the dentist during a weekday when I am not traveling. It is a much more integrated view of life . . . and perhaps healthier.
I agree with a lot of this. What is different, and perhaps a sign of the abrupt maturity of the millennials, is that I certainly did not think this way coming out of school.
Are they simply ahead of their (expected) age in terms of maturity?
I am a Gen-X and often complain about millennials. Too often, I described them as selfish, spoiled, or just self-involved. From this survey, I realize that they are confident in what they want in life and not willing to wait until they are 50-60 years old to craft the work/life they want. Yes, they are selfish. Yes, they are self-involved.
Yes, they are a lot more like everyone else. Believe that my generation of Gen X managers are just frustrated because they are often-times not good listeners and sometimes impatient. Call it fierce individualism, call it non-committal. It's as if they would like to just SWIPE RIGHT, or UNLIKE things they don't want to do.
This can be a fiery topic. Let me know what you think.
Related posts:


text:
Moonraker / Danjaq, United Artists ; produced by Albert R. Broccoli ; directed by Lewis Gilbert.
Available copies
- 1 of 1 copy available at Evergreen Indiana.
Current holds
0 current holds with 1 total copy.
View other formats and editions
|Call Number / Copy Notes
|Shelving Location
|Due Date
|Plainfield-Guilford Twp PL - Plainfield
|DVD Moonrake (Text)
Record details
- Physical Description: 1 videodisc (121 min.) : sound, color ; 4 3/4 in.
- Distributor: Beverly Hills, CA : MGM, [2012]
Content descriptions
|General Note:
| Originally released as a motion picture in 1979.
Widescreen (2.35:1).
Special features: Audio commentary featuring Sir Roger Moore; Audio commentary featuring director Lewis Gilbert and members of the cast and crew.
|Creation/Production Credits Note:
| Music, John Barry ; lyrics, Hal David.
|Participant or Performer Note:
| Roger Moore, Lois Chiles, Michael Lonsdale.
|Summary, etc.:
| James Bond blasts into orbit in this pulse-pounding adventure that takes him from Venice, to Rio de Janeiro, and to outer space! Roger Moore stars for the fourth time as Agent 007 and joins forces with NASA scientist Holly Goodhead to prevent a power-mad industrialist from destroying all human life on Earth.
|Target Audience Note:
| Rating: PG.
|System Details Note:
| DVD, region 1, NTSC; Dolby Digital 5.1; dual layer.
|Language Note:
| English or French dialogue; Spanish or French subtitles; subtitled for the deaf and hard of hearing; closed-captioned.
Search for related items by subject
|Bond, James (Fictitious character) > Drama.
Intelligence service > Great Britain > Drama.
|Feature films.
Action and adventure films.


text:
Kewaunee and Kelly Lapseritis will be on The Good Nite Show with Little Triv this Wednesday night/Thursday morning (July6-7th)! The show broadcasts on a local college station in the Cleveland area called WRUW and the recording is uploaded as a podcast the next day. It's a 50,000 watt station so it covers Northeast Ohio all the way up Lake Erie and a little bit into Canada. The podcast is on iTunes– just search The Good Nite Show w/ Little Triv!
The show has focused more recently on paranormal subjects, specifically bigfoot. Kewaunee and Kelly will be on to discuss the psychic Sasquatch and their interdimensional/UFO connections, as our show has taken a more focused turn onto the paranormal (specifically Bigfoot).
It is a caller-heavy show, so we encourage you to call in with your questions at (216) 368-2207.
MORE AT: https://www.facebook.com/thegoodniteshow/ AND http://littletrivshow.podbean.com/


text:
« Return to Customer Gallery
Happy Thoughtsby Patricia (more by this designer)
Description from Patricia:
I used a 4" by 5 1/4" card. Covered the card and then placed a topper on with foam edgers.I stanped the rose design on white and cutout and glue sticked it to the center.
Paper Wishes items used in project:
CommentsThis project has not received any comments yet. Be the first to add one!
Add Your Comment


text:
Pa. officer critically injured in cruiser crash
Officer Richard Phillips injured when cruiser collided with truck
The York Dispatch
EASTERN ADAMS COUNTY, Pa. — An Eastern Adams County Regional Police officer was badly hurt early Thursday morning when his cruiser crashed into a tractor-trailer at the Cross Keys intersection of Route 30 and 94 in Berwick Township, Adams County, state police said.
Officer Richard H. Phillips, 40, was flown to York Hospital by medical helicopter, police said. His condition could not be obtained Thursday afternoon, but state police said Phillips suffered a "major" injury.
Terms and Conditions Privacy Policy
Full story: Pa. officer critically injured in cruiser crash


text:
Super Bowl baked Sausage Puffs are a real treat as a tailgating appetizer as part of your delicious spread.
Make your Super Bowl delicious!
How to Bake Sausage Puffs:
You will need a few things…
Type: Appetizer Recipe
Serve with: dipping sauce
Prep Time: 12 min
Bake Time: 10 – 15 min
Serves: 4
- 1 pkg puff pastry
- 1 large pkg small pork sausages
- sprinkle cayenne pepper – to taste
- pepper – t0 taste
- Roll out puff pastry into a rectangle about 1/8 – 1/4 inch thick.
- Lightly brush dough with melted butter.
- Sprinkle dough with a small amount of cayenne & pepper.
- Line up a row of pork sausages along the short side & roll up with the dough for only 3 or 4 turns. Continue doing this until all the dough is used up.
- Cut cylinders of sausage & dough into 1 inch pieces & place each piece on baking sheets.
- Place baking sheets into an oven of 400 degrees F, and bake until golden brown, about 10 – 15 min.
These tasty sausage rolls can be served with a mustard, horseradish or applesauce dip. Blue cheese & Ranch dips are also good accompaniments.
Thanks for checking me out on Cooking with Kimberly. Please check out my blog too:
I hope you enjoy this Tailgating Recipe on Cooking with Kimberly. Until next time…
Be a Champion in Your Kitchen & Eat Deliciously!
Similar Posts:
- How to Bake Pork Sausages in Puff Pastry: School Lunch Ideas
- 7 Tips for Flakier Scones: How to Bake Flaky Scones
- How to Bake Ham Pasties + Video
- National Apple Turnover Day Sounds Amazing – Quick Recipe Included
- National Pizza with Everything (Except Anchovies) Day


text:
With First Tutors you can find a local entrance exams tutor in Havant and anywhere in the UK. Local entrance exams tuition is an excellent way to bolster confidence as well as increasing grades and doesn't have to be boring! Please use our service to search for Havant entrance exams tutors and select which best suits your needs.
First Tutors is the only place to discover through one search the top Havant entrance exams tutors for your needs, enabling you to find a local Havant entrance exams teacher for any subject including GCSE English, A-Level Maths or even university Economics. We also help with language tuition, so if you want to learn Italian, take a Greek course or prepare yourself for Spanish life, we can help - and all in Havant! We order entrance exams Havant teachers in your area by entrance exams tuition charges and distance from you.
If you are a Havant entrance exams tutor wanting to offer your home entrance exams tuition services in Havant or the UK, please register with First Tutors or find out more about what we do here. Private entrance exams tuition is a great way to re-affirm your entrance exams knowledge while helping someone else, all in the Havant area!


text:
A friend of mine bought this pair of name brand, high quality headphones for his son a few Christmases ago. He wore them quite a bit and after 6 months or so, the earpiece snapped off of its mount. This is a great example of what I warn my staff about all the time. The design looks great but the plastic material they choose didn't have the proper yield strength to withstand the stress of frequently being placed on and taken off of the head using the earpieces as a grip. I don't know about you, but I've found it almost impossible to put on or take off headphones without gripping the earpieces. And, epoxying the pieces back together will not work as the stress will cause this bond to break as well.
So, even though the speakers in the headphones are basically still like new, this pair of headphones may have to be tossed out due to poor materials of construction. I glued the pieces back together and so far, it seems to be holding. But, this should not have occurred int he first place.
— Carlton Dyle —


text:
"If things don't wobble when you walk, you should eat more dinner"
Between Maureen Lipman in the West End and Meryl Streep in Hollywood, the story of notorious singer Florence Foster Jenkins has become much more widely known over the last decade. It does however remain one that I had somehow avoided and so the chance to see see the Peter Quilter play Glorious! with the marvellous Stella Gonet in the lead was one I gladly took. It also meant my first trip to the Frinton Summer Theatre out by the seaside in Essex.
Foster Jenkins' insistence on pursuing a career as a soprano of note had one major flaw in her lack of singing ability but with a family legacy able to pay enough yesmen to shield her from any negative reaction and the force of her good nature, a striking journey was established. And in Quilter's play, it a journey we witness through the eyes of her new pianist Cosmé McMoon, taken on to accompany Foster Jenkins at her 1944 concert at none other than Carnegie Hall.
Glorious! is a play that finds all sorts of easy laughs in the sheer comic improbability of this woman's chutzpah, her focus and determination that this is her chosen path bulldozing any sense of reason. But Quilter rarely makes the more challenging step to dig a little deeper and question what was really going on - was it self-delusion or merely self-satisfaction, what was really going through his protagonist's mind to keep her so firmly resolute.
What elevates the material is the sensitivities of actor Amanda Root's astutely cast production. Gonet is fully alive to the broader comedy here but skilfully shows us the fully human side to the eccentricities on show, leaving the heavier lifting of the laughs to Ben Stock's gurning McMoon with all his one-liners. Strong support too comes from Simon Shepherd and Matilda Ziegler and Neil Gordon's set and impressive costumery made the most of this charming venue. Sometimes, the only way really is Essex.
Running time: 2 hours 20 mins (with interval)
Photo: Christian Davies
Booking until 12th August


text: We absolutely do take pride in being number one in the GTA for delivering quality service in the timeliest manner, however on occasion your repair may require a part that we either do not stock or do not have in stock at that time. Therefore our service personnel must order the missing part and at times that part might be out of stock at our suppliers or it may be on back order. This causes a slower process then we'd all appreciate but we promise to do our best to have your machine repaired as quickly as possible once the part becomes available to us.


text:
I am a very sociable person, I like communicating with my friends, and I like new acquaintances and bright meetings. By my nature I am seductive and sensual, artistic and romantic, tender and passionate, kind, caring and affectionate... I am also creative. I try to develop my personality all the time. You will discover something new about me with every new day you spend with me. I always give all my love and care to my beloved man because I am very devoted. Such I am!
I would like to meet a reliable and intelligent man who is serious about family. He should be romantic and sexual. Good sense of humor is appreciated. I would like to feel safety and to be myself with him. We will share passion and feelings so intense and wild that we will never want it to stop! And it will last forever.


text:
Not only are Tim and I blessed with 2 sons of our own, but we're also honored and blessed to have 3 Godsons. Our first Godson is Andrew Gibson, our second is Ethan Clark and now our nephew Daniel Jacob Hosek.
Because Daniel was born so premature he was baptized with water in the hospital but the rest of the sacrament had never been done. So, this last Saturday while we were in Austin we gathered at Larry and Kelley's church so that we could complete the ceremony. It was a small and intimate occasion and we consider ourselves very lucky to now be the "official" Godparents to such a special boy…one who overcame so much at the beginning of his life. Thank you Larry and Kelley for giving us this honor.
Godsons are great because you can have special time with them and then send them home with their mommy and daddy, you know like when it's time to fuss or potty train! Thank GOD that's not part of the deal! HA! ; )
But seriously, we love you Daniel and are looking forward to watching and helping you grow in your faith.


text:
Category: Stock Graphic, Textures
Stock Graphic >> Texture - Waves Hand painted digital paper 328330 by NataliVA @ CreativeMarket
File Size: 42.31 MB; DPI: 300 DPI; Dimensions: 3600 x 3600 px.
I present to you Watercolor Hand Painted Digital Papers, painted with colorful stripes - waves.
2 original watercolor backgrounds that have been scanned and then edited in Photoshop. I love to experiment with color. The result was 10 different colors for each of the two parts. So here collected 20 pieces of digital watercolor paper.
It's not seamless patterns!
Note 2 preview! You can connect two pieces of paper in one format and get larger! ;)
These backgrounds are perfect for scrapbooking, wedding invitations, websites, blogs, birthday cards, stationery, packaging design and much more
Zip file contains.
- 20 JPG files 300dpi , RGB, size - 3600x3600px (12" x 12").
-For personal and limited commercial use (single commercial project for one client) as stated in the SimpleLicense.
-For small business use. You can use my art with small commercial use when your production is up to 150 digital projects (when you sell them in digital form) or up to 500 copies (when you sell your items as physical products). If you plan to manufacture an items with my design in excess of 500 - you need an Mass Production License. Please feel free to write me! :)
- Reselling or redistributing any of my designs and items in their original designs and formats as digital product. This also includes using my graphics products in its current form as part of a digital scrapbook kit.
- Create from my raster works vector copies for distribute/share/sell
- Resell my product (or elements) and distribute as freebies
- Selling or distributing my product (or elements) on third party sites such as Zazzle, Society6, Spoonflower and similar.
- Sell my product on stock sites.
- Claim any of my designs as your own in any way, copyright remains with NataliVA.
If you have any questions,please, send me a message before purchasing.
I hope you enjoy this product! :)
Thank you! :)
Buy Now ~ $10
Waves. Hand painted digital paper
by NataliVA
Keywords: hand painted, watercolor, digital paper, colorful, stripes, waves, backgrounds, scrapbooking, texture, abstract background, scrap paper, wrapping paper.


text:
Knight Models Release Marvels Most Heavy Metal Heroes
February 7, 2014 by dracs
Alongside their latest releases into the DC Universe, Knight Models have two new 35mm sculpts for Marvel. This proves that when it comes to super hero minis they are the best there is at what they do and what they do is awesome!
Iron Man and Wolverine are two of the most recognizable heroes of Marvel's comics. One a genius, billionaire, playboy, philanthropist, the other living proof that not all Canadians are really polite, these two 35mm sculpts do a great job in capturing the iconic appearances of these two characters.
Will you save the day with Iron Man? Or does the wild fury of Wolverine appeal to you more?


text:
Santa Surprise slot machine is a Christmas-themed online slots game running on the Playtech software platform. There are five reels, three symbol rows, twenty paylines, a bonus round and a gamble feature in it. A user can modify coin value (from $0.01 to $5), the amount of active paylines (from 1 to 20) and bet per line level (up to 10), thus this slot accepts bets varying from $0.01 to $250. There is an Autostart option which allows gamblers to set from 2 to 99 automatic spins. Also you can play such interesting game like Gladiator Slot.
Santa Surprise Slot
Online Casinos with Santa Surprise
✓+ 50 Free Spins
✓+ 100 Free Spins;
Santa Surprise slot has perfect graphics and thematic audio effects; the game starts with the famous Christmas song Jingle Bells, other funny tracks accompany bonus features and viewing the Info page (paytable). Five reels showcase typical Christmas items: a gift, a bell, a stocking, as well as traditional playing card symbols (Ace in Santa's cap, King wrapped in scarf, ten with two candles etc). Special symbols include the animated Santa (a wild), a winter house (a scatter) and a Christmas tree (a bonus symbol). IGT's Black Widow slot machine with.
If three or more Christmas trees appear in sequence on an active line from the leftmost game reel, the Christmas Gifts pick-em bonus round starts. Santa has left players six gifts to choose from. A gambler can choose five, four or three gifts (this number depends on the quantity of trees which trigger the bonus round).
Appearing of three or more winter houses somewhere on the reels gives a gambler ten free spins. In free play mode all achieved winnings are increased by 3 times. Three or more additional scatters grant ten more free spins. Also, two or more winter houses are paid regardless of the location on active paylines, thus five such symbols give a player 500 his total bets.
This online slots game has a gamble feature that may be activated by clicking on GAMBLE button after gaining any win. A gambler needs to guess a colour (black or red) of the next playing card from the deck. A correct guess increases winning by two times, but if a gambler doesn't succeed, he loses the whole sum of win. Prizes may be gambled until a player gains $1000.
Santa Surprise Game Details
- Software:
- Playtech
- Paylines:
- 20
- Max Coins Per Spin:
- 2
- Free Spins:
- No
- Scatter symbol:
- Yes
- Multiplier:
- No
- Reels:
- 5
- Min Coins Per Spin:
- 0.01
- Autoplay Option:
- Yes
- Wild Symbol:
- Yes
- Bonus Game:
- No
- Jackpot:


text:
كلمة الاسبوع: أزمة - كلمة الاسبوع: أزمة
Sunday, June 27, 2010
I Met This Man
His charm and acuity while telling a story is just surprising. When I told him that I just love this photo of his (it somehow reminds me of beautiful roman man and actors in fellini's Satyricon) and might want to use it somewhere, maybe on the net, he replied: take it, and take more of my photos, what does a man my age needs them for now? and I've got plenty: 93 years of photos, spread them around and talk about me, also maybe I would still interest some woman, who knows.
Wednesday, June 23, 2010
Mariam (Virgin Mary) & Mar Geryes (Saint George) protect the Brazillian football team
Another observation about Lebanese love for football but in relation to politics is available on this youtube video I uploaded Football and Elections in Beirut Streets
Labels: Lebanon, Photos, Popular Culture, street, Thoughts
Thursday, June 17, 2010
Beiruty Homes with External Stairs
|Hamra - next to Bliss
Any more info or/and links are very welcome :)
|Ashrafieh - Rmeil
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)


text:
AMERICA'S STRANGEST SPORTS TRADITION: Here's What You Need To Know About The Little League World Series
www.littleleague.orgThe 2011 Little League World Series gets underway a week from tomorrow.
To an outsider, the LLWS must look like a strange phenomenon — little kids playing a child-proofed version of our national pastime in front of 40,000 people (with millions more watching on national TV).
But the LLWS has nonetheless become an end-of-summer tradition for American sports fans since it was first broadcast on ABC in 1963.
Maybe this is because the LLWS falls in the dead zone of the sports calender.
Maybe it's because watching emotional 12-year-olds react to immense pressure is more entertaining than watching jaded pro players go through the motions.
Maybe it's because every little team in every little town has a chance to make it on the national stage.
But no matter which theory you subscribe to, TV ratings and general interest indicate that the LLWS is here to stay.
College football and the NFL are weeks away, and the MLB playoff hunt won't heat up until September so these 12-year-olds are the best show in town.
Here are 15 things you need to know about the LLWS >> »
Puerto Rico is taking a big step toward revamping how it gets power — and it could be a model for the rest of the US
The former Gilt Groupe CEO has let the same guiding principle take her from developing 'The Bachelor' to running Martha Stewart's empire to challenging Silicon Valley
Sports Emails & Alerts
Get the best of Business Insider delivered to your inbox every day.Sign-Up


text:
The Locust and the Bird
My Mother's Story
(If any tax is payable it will be calculated and shown at checkout.)
Preview (read now) Give this ebook to a friend Add to my wishlist Author's page Publisher's page
About the authorHanan al-Shaykh is one of the contemporary Arab world's most acclaimed writers. She was born in Lebanon and brought up in Beirut, before going to Cairo to receive her education. She was a successful journalist in Beirut, then later lived in the Arabian Gulf, before moving to London. A novelist and a playwright, al-Shaykh is the author of the collection I Sweep the Sun off Rooftops, and the novels The Story of Zahra, Women of Sand and Myrrh, Beirut Blues, and, most recently, Only in London, which was shortlisted for the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize. She lives in London.
From the Trade Paperback edition.


text:
James Fisher/Warner Bros. Pictures
James Fisher/Warner Bros. Pictures
Warner Bros. has released a trio of new stills from The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, the first chapter in what will now be a three-film adaptation of J.R.R. Tolkien's pre-Lord of the Rings-era novel—director Peter Jackson announced two weeks ago he had enough footage to make a trilogy.
The latest visuals offer up a dignified Gandalf the Grey, (Sir Ian McKellen), outside the Shire.
Mark Pokorny/Warner Bros. Pictures
Next up, we have Bilbo's dwarf companions including brothers Fili (Dean O'Gorman) and Kili (Aidan Turner) and Dori (Mark Hadlow) and Nori (Jed Brophy) along with Bifur (William Kircher) as they march along what looks like the side of a mountain—or is it the shores of an underground lake?—on their way to face the dragon Smaug.
Warner Bros. Pictures/New Line
And if fanboys were looking for something especially precious, we get a glimpse of that that pitiful creature otherwise known as Gollum (Andy Serkis).
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey unspools on Dec. 14, 2012 followed by the second film, The Hobbit: There and Back Again on Dec. 13, 2013. The final installment, which doesn't yet have a subtitle, is scheduled to hit theaters in summer 2014 after Jackson and company conclude some additional filming.


text:
|( 5 upvotes )
|Yeah, it pays... Right up to the point the manager of the motel you stopped at shows-up dressed as his mother, and hacks you to death with a kitchen knife while you shower! And the man that created that... He likes "Smokey & The Bandit"!
|Too bad we can't give up votes to the comments, MissPriss.
|I live by the motto: Crime. It's only illegal if you get caught. Gotta go my cell block is heading out for yard time.
|( 9 upvotes )
|( 17 upvotes )
|There is no such thing as a silencer for a handgun,in real lief. There are Flash suppressors, that suppress the muzzle flash.
|Another misogynist on Motifake.
|If your gun has a silencer, you can solve all your relationship issues. ^!
|( 13 upvotes )
|Thanks, Cern! Welcome back from your short absence. I missed your sharp wit when I returned!
|Nice, UP yours
|( 14 upvotes )
|Thanks, Zeul! Haven't heard from you for awhile. Welcome back!
|Dizz you nailed it!!!
|I'm in CA. It depends on the type/severity of the fire and next nearest hydrant. It takes 15-20 minutes or more to get a tow truck and the line that hooks to the hydrant isn't very flexible. There's a lot of pressure involved. So yup, there's a reason.
|I hear that's standard operating procedure in Chicago. In every state, the law says the firekillers can damage whatever they need to in order to fight a fire
|Thanks, JW! I'll be in and out for the next few months. Gotta be a responsible adult type... hate that!
|Brilliant! Welcome home, dizz! ^^^^^Up
Misc info


text:
Submitted by rosesherry23 • March 20, 2014 meldasolutions.com
Assisting clients
Buy legitimate projects are companies that provide clients with exceptional academic papers. Our company understands the essential steps needed to produce exceptional buy legitimate reports.
- Category: Education
- Tags: buy a project, buy legitimate project, buy projects, buying projects, purchase project


text:
Exciting Live Sports in Colorado
Eight Must-Visit Sports Venues in Colorado
Across Colorado, you can find a wealth of exciting sports action. Hockey fans enjoy watching the Colorado Avalanche play, while NBA fans have a great time cheering on the Denver Nuggets, and there's much more to discover across the state.
1. Sports Authority Field at Mile High
Opened in 2001, and home to the NFL's Denver Broncos, Sports Authority Field at Mile High is one of the most exceptional sports venues found in Denver. With a seating capacity of 76,125, Sports Authority Field at Mile High is also one of the biggest in the state.
Originally known as Invesco Field at Mile High, this stadium hosts all Broncos home games – the NFL season kicks off in September, and plays through to the Super Bowl which is usually held in early February. Local high schools also play their championship games here. At the stadium, you can also host an event at any one of the 132 executive suites. During the offseason, this stadium also hosts concerts.
The Pepsi Center Hosts Nuggets Games
2. Pepsi Center
One of the mainstays for Denver-area sports is the Pepsi Center. Home to the Denver Nuggets, the Colorado Avalanche, and the Colorado Mammoth of the National Lacrosse League, the Pepsi Center is rarely dormant.
Opened in 1999, the Pepsi Center is found in downtown Denver, just inland from the South Platte River. During basketball events, the Pepsi Center seats 19,155, while hockey and lacrosse matches see it host only 18,007.
See the Rockies in Action at Coors Field
3. Coors Field
Baseball fans, both local and visiting, often make their way to Coors Field, home of the MLB's Colorado Rockies. Another top destination for sports fans in downtown Denver, Coors Field is a true gem, seating 50,398 spectators.
Opened for the 1995 MLB season, Coors Field is known as a "home run-friendly park" due to its elevation – 5,200 feet. The baseball seasons starts up in March and plays through to the end of September, when the playoffs begin. Notably, the 1998 MLB All-Star Game was played at Coors Field.
4. Dick's Sporting Goods Park
Just northeast of downtown Denver, and a short drive from both Aurora and Brighton, Dick's Sporting Goods Park can be found. DSG Park, as it is more commonly known, is the official home of Major League Soccer's Colorado Rapids. DSG Park opened in 2005, and has a general seating capacity of 18,061, which can be expanded in certain cases to 19,680.
DSG Park hosts a number of concerts throughout the year – concert seating is maxed out at 26,000. Since it began serving the Commerce City area, DSG Park has hosted a number of important soccer matches – 2010 and 2014 World Cup qualifier matches, and 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup matches.
5. Magness Arena
See the Ice at Mangess Arena
Not all of the sports excitement in Colorado is tied to the professionals. Make your way to Magness Arena where you can catch University of Denver Pioneers basketball and ice hockey games.
Magness Arena is found on the University of Denver campus, just west of Interstate 25, and almost a direct shot east from nearby Lakewood.
Pioneers basketball games can see a max of 7,200 fans, while ice hockey matches top out at 6,315 fans. The Magness Arena opened in 1999, and is named after cable tv magnate, Bob Magness.
6. Folsom Field
Make the most of your next visit to Boulder with a day of exciting college football. Check out the University of Colorado Buffaloes play home games at Folsom Field.
Opened in 1924, Folsom Field was originally known as Colorado Stadium. Over the years, Folsom Field has seen more than a dozen renovations to expand the seating capacity. As of the 2015 college football season, a max of 50,183 fans could pack into Folsom Stadium.
7. Budweiser Events Center
Plan a stay in Loveland during your next visit to Colorado. Another top city in Colorado for hockey fans, Loveland is home to the Budweiser Events Center – this venue is home to the Colorado Eagles of the East Coast Hockey League.
Opened in 2003, the Budweiser Events Center seats 5,289 people for hockey matches, and 7,200 during concerts. This multi-purpose venue features 24 luxury suites and 777 club seats. It's also home to the Colorado Rush of the Indoor Football League, and the Colorado Lightning of the Professional Arena Soccer League.
Game Day at Sonny Lubick Field
8. Sonny Lubick Field at Hughes Stadium
For a truly exceptional college sports experience, make your way to Fort Collins in northern Colorado. Found just two miles from the Colorado State University campus, Sonny Lubick Field at Hughes Stadium is home to the CSU Rams.
The CSU Rams kick off their season, typically, in late August and play through the end of the year. Sonny Lubick Field at Hughes Stadium seats 32,500 fans – though the record seating number stands at 39,107.
Sonny Lubick Field at Hughes Stadium opened in 1968, and was simply known as Hughes Stadium until 2002. Famously, this venue is where Bob Dylan recorded an NBC television special in 1976.
Best Western Hotels Along the Way:
Best Western Plus Gateway Inn & Suites
800 S Abilene Street, Aurora CO 80012-3684
Phone: +1 720-748-4800 | Fax: (720) 748-9145 | Hotel Details & Reservations »
Best Western Plus Boulder Inn
770 28th Street, Boulder CO 80303-2343
Phone: +1 303-449-3800 | Fax: (303) 402-9118 | Hotel Details & Reservations »
Best Western Plus Denver International Airport Inn & Suites
7020 Tower Road, Denver CO 80249-7311
Phone: +1 303-373-1600 | Fax: (303) 373-5784 | Hotel Details & Reservations »
Best Western University Inn
914 S College Avenue, Fort Collins CO 80524-3033
Phone: +1 970-484-2984 | Fax: (970) 484-1987 | Hotel Details & Reservations »
Best Western Kiva Inn
1638 E Mulberry Street, Fort Collins CO 80524-3522
Phone: +1 970-484-2444 | Fax: (970) 221-0967 | Hotel Details & Reservations »
Best Western Plus Loveland Inn
5542 E US Highway 34, Loveland CO 80537-8994
Phone: +1 970-667-7810 | Fax: (970) 667-1047 | Hotel Details & Reservations »


text:
In the Summer of 2016 the School of Communication at Montclair State University held it's first ever Summer Journalism boot camp for inner city high school students. The program featured an in depth look in to the media world, with exposure to writing, photography, video, and radio.
Montclair State | New Jersey


text:
Basis Points is a curated list of articles on the payment industry. If you want to know the latest news in the payment industry then Basis Points is the right site to go to. Basis Point allows you to upvote articles, share articles, and discuss articles on the site.
Basis Points also has a daily newsletter of the best of the Basis Points delivered to your email inbox. Check out Basis Points HERE


text:
|Home | About | Journals | Submit | Contact Us | Français
Pain problems are exceedingly prevalent among psychiatric patients. Moreover, clinical impressions and neurobiological research suggest that physical and psychological aspects of pain are closely related entities. Nonetheless, remarkably few pain-related themes are presently included in psychiatric residency training.
Our objective is twofold: (1) to provide clinical and scientific rationale for psychiatric training enrichment with basic tenets of pain medicine and (2) to raise the awareness and sensitivity of clinicians, scientists and educators alike to the important yet unmet clinical and public health need.
Three lines of translational research evidence, extracted from the comprehensive literature review, are presented in support of the objective. First, the neuroanatomical and functional overlap between pain and emotion/reward/motivation brain circuits suggests integration and mutual modulation of these systems. Second, psychiatric disorders are commonly associated with alterations in pain processing, whereas chronic pain may impair emotional and neurocognitive functioning. Third, pain may serve as a functional probe for unraveling pathophysiological mechanisms inherent in psychiatric morbidity given its stressful nature for the organism.
Pain training in psychiatry will not only contribute to deeper and more sophisticated insights into pain syndromes but also into psychiatric morbidity at large regardless of patients' pain status. Furthermore, it will ease artificial boundaries separating psychiatric and medical formulations of brain disorders, thus fostering cross-fertilizing interactions between specialists in various disciplines entrusted with the care of pain patients.
Chronic pain is a public health problem of pandemic proportions that afflicts over 70 million Americans 1, 2 and remains the most common complaint brought to the attention of health care practitioners 3. Its annual cost to the American society is staggering and is estimated to be around $100 billion owing to medical costs and loss of earnings and productivity 4. The current demographic trends 5 and the tremendous shortage of pain experts 6 forecast the need for even greater attention to pain from the medical establishment in consequence of the substantial rise in the overall proportion of geriatric population that is naturally at a heightened risk for the development of pain-related conditions 7. Specifically, 50% of community-dwelling elders and up to 80% of nursing home residents are afflicted with chronic pain 8. The rates of Americans over the age of 65 has increased steadily due to the rise in life expectancy and decline in fertility from 4% at the beginning of the 20th century to 12% nowadays with projected over 20% (70 million) over the next 25 years 9. Pain is exceedingly prevalent in psychiatric samples 10 and since more people will be suffering from pain so will psychiatric patients 11.
One of the most daunting challenges faced by psychiatric practitioners is how to distinguish and approach physical and emotional symptoms arising in the context of pain experienced by their patients. We respond to this question by proposing to integrate fundamental tenets of pain medicine within the core psychiatric residency training curriculum 12. Besides altered pain function 13, 14, psychiatric patients can be noncompliant with pain treatment and additionally develop co-morbid addiction to opiate analgesics 15. On the other hand, chronic pain is frequently associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms 16 as well as with degenerative cortical changes that may further deteriorate affective states and cognition 17, 18.
Sensory areas are recruted by both acute and chronic pain, but the latter is a more complex phenomenon engaging a broader stress-related neural network with emotional, motivational and cognitive components 19 that converge on circuits such as the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic and endogenous opioid, involved in salience/reward/motivational mechanisms in addition to responses to pain, more generally stressors and their regulation 20. With this premise of neurobiological overlap between the processing of pain and of other stressful and emotionally salient signals, the present paper considers the aspects of pain that are related to stress, reward and motivational regulation and are pertinent to psychiatric morbidity. First, we compare data on the neural mechanisms that underlie physical and emotional types of "pain", and this comparison is taken as the basis for the assumption of overlap between these frequently related entities. Second, we summarize the mechanisms involved in the mediation of pain and analgesia, as they relate to normal processing of emotions, reward and motivation as well as their alterations encountered in psychiatric patients. The same section also covers specific background demonstrating that pain-related stimuli provide a reliable functional probe of the brain reward/salience/motivation circuitry and may thus have heuristic value for the inquiry into neurobiology of psychiatric illnesses. Next we provide specific clinical context on the association between psychiatric disorders and pain conditions. Finally, the two last sections cover psychiatrists' training in pain medicine and the importance of this endeavor.
In addition to the epidemiological association between pain and psychiatric disorders 10, there are clinical, even diagnostic features of pain syndromes that point to neuropsychiatric origin. Pain's definition by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage" 21, recognizes its multifaceted bio-psycho-social nature with causes that extend well beyond direct physical harm. This is expressed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) as the Axis I diagnostic category of the Pain Disorder, which is encoded in three of the five diagnostic criteria, viz., A. Pain…is of sufficient severity to warrant clinical attention; B. Pain causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning; C. Psychological factors are judged to have an important role in the onset, severity, exacerbation or maintenance of pain 22. Pain arising from physical sources is classified among the DSM-IV-TR Axis III disorders, solely reserved for medical conditions 22. In the reality the distinction between Axis I and III Pain Disorders is not that obvious and both pain categories share clinical characteristics, symptom severity and functional impairment 23. Realization of such blurring of diagnostic boundaries is rooted in the lay language where the "pain" term is used interchangeably in both physical and emotional contexts 24.
Acute pain signals real or perceived tissue damage from environmental threats 25. Contextually, albeit not clinically similar, cancer pain is also etiologically linked to direct tissue damages due to malignancy or to surgical, chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatments 26, 27. Chronic non-malignant pain is not a unitary sensation evoked by a local injury, inflammation or other tissue pathology but is a complex state modulated by genetic, environmental, cognitive and emotional factors 28, 29. Majority of non-malignant chronic pain cases are neuropathic viz., caused by alterations in the central nervous system 19. Such centralization is conceptualized as an independent neuropsychopathological disease state, occurring at the level of the spinal cord pathways and emotional/motivational circuits, respectively manifested in exaggerated response to painful (hyperalgesia) and non-painful (allodynia) stimuli in combination with negative affective states and persistent drive to eliminate pain via behavioral or pharmacological measures 19, 30, 31. The apparent intricate link between pain and emotions/motivations underscores the importance of dynamic interactions between these and other (e.g., neurochemical and neuroanatomical) factors for understanding of health and psychopathology (Figure 1).
Figure 2 schematically displays a somewhat representative compilation of the interactions between sensory and emotional systems with ensuing affective states and symptomatology. Evidence of such interaction is provided by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) work showing that grief-related emotional pain activates classical physical pain circuitry (e.g., periaqueductal gray, insula and the anterior cingulate cortex) 32 while physical pain in humans activates reward/motivational circuits (e.g., nucleus accumbens [NAc] and ventral tegmentum [VT]) 33–35. Furthermore, acute emotional or physical pain in patients with the respective chronic conditions (i.e., complicated grief and back pain) via exposure to reminders of the deceased32 or thermal pain 36 robustly engages the key reward and reinforcement structure, namely the NAc. These finding suggest that emotional and physical pain may become a reinforced stimulus in some conditions (e.g., complicated grief and chronic back pain) thus providing partial explanations for their unremitting course. In a broader sense, critical for the survival mechanisms pain system, is embedded within extensive emotion/reward/motivation circuitry, representing a neural network responsible for continued existence of individuals and species via pursuit of food, water, and sex as well as via learning, decision making and adaptation to stress. Considering survival significance of social affiliations, their pleasurable acquisitions and painful losses may have evolutionarily tapped the same reward systems 37; an idea consistent with the reward-pain continuum hypothesis promulgated by Baruch Spinoza. A practical offshoot of the reward-aversion continuum is that pain serves as a functional probe of the brain reward and motivational systems 33. This is an important contribution, given the paucity of reliable probes and the pivotal role played by reward and motivation in the course of psychiatric illnesses.
Provided that the emotional brain circuitry abnormalities are arising in psychiatrically healthy people exposed chronic pain 18, a compelling a fortiori argument is that propensity for pain condition is worsened by neuropsychopathology affecting the same neural structures. A model partially suited to explain this link is the diathesis-stress theory postulating preexisting sometimes subclinical traits that manifest in the form of overt psychopathology in the context of prolong pain-induced stress 16, 38,39.
The list of psychiatric ailments associated with heightened pain prevalence in at least one extant epidemiological survey would stretch the entire DSM-IV-TR diagnostic range from the Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood or Adolescence to Other Conditions that may be a Focus of Clinical Attention. For the purpose of the present discussion we address four common and representative syndromes, namely, the major depressive disorder (MDD), borderline personality disorder (BPD), addiction and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Elicitation of depressed vs. happy affective states in laboratory settings respectively worsen and improves pain experience in healthy individuals and in chronic pain patients 40, 41, 42. Accordingly, a substantial proportion of MDD patients suffer from chronic pain 43, the intensity of which increases with the severity of depressive symptomatology 44. On the other hand, sustained pain leads to increased negative affective states 45, 46 and eventually to high MDD prevalence in chronic pain patients 47 so that, in comparison to pain alone or MDD with other medical conditions, comorbid MDD-pain patients present greater severity of depressive symptoms and substantially poorer treatment outcomes 48.
In order to link MDD neuropathology and pain, painful heat stimuli were applied to the dorsal forearm of depressed patients during fMRI 13. Among other functional alterations, depressed patients had proportionally (to depressive symptomatology) heightened right amygdala activity when anticipated and actually experienced painful stimuli 13. Other lines of evidence supporting recursive, partly shared neural systems by MDD and pain processing include (a) serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways' involvement in mood regulation and in the control over ascending pain stimuli, explaining therapeutic pain successes of dual action serotonergic/noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants 49; (b) other shared treatment modalities (e.g., transcranial magnetic or vagus nerve stimulation) and (c) abnormalities of the analgesic opioidergic system in MDD patients and the involvement of this neurotransmitter in emotion regulation 50. Taken together, these findings support the idea that MDD and pain can trigger and perpetuate each other owing to overlapping neural and emotional alterations. Therefore, assessment of pain function may provide important diagnostic and therapeutic leads in MDD, which is projected to become the second most common cause of disability after the heart disease 51.
Emotion dysregulation, affective lability and impulsive behavior in BPD patients are reported to be associated with increased pain thresholds 52 that predict dissociative symptoms and negative affect 53. In comparison to healthy subjects, BPD patients demonstrated enhanced opioid neurotransmission during molecular imaging with positron emission tomography 54 in conjunction with greater pain-induced fMRI signal changes in the prefrontal cortex but lower activity in the amygdala and anterior cingulate. These are regions that interface emotion, pain and stress regulation and where the endogenous opioid system plays key modulatory roles55. Impulsivity, a trait characterizing not only BPD patients but also those at risk for addictive disorders, was also associated with greater endogenous opioid function in similar brain regions of healthy people 56.
Numerous epidemiological surveys documented that drug addiction (including prescription opioids) is particularly prevalent among pain patients 16,57,58. The mechanisms of this link are likely to be multifactorial and to involve both psychosocial and neurobiological causes 59. Among neurobiological factors, the brain reward and motivational system probably plays an important role. The mesoaccumbens dopamine pathway, extending from the VT of the midbrain to the forebrain regions such as the NAc is the crucial component of this system 60–63. Physiological significance of the increases in the NAc' dopamine, a common element of the rewarding effects of natural rewards as well as drugs of abuse 64, 65, is a subject of complementary hypotheses 20, 66, 67 including but not limited to the subjective pleasure or "high" (reward) sought by drug users as well as motivation, appraisal of stimuli salience, stress, learning and decision making 68–72.
Both acute pain 35, 73, 74 and euphorogenic drugs 64, 65 activate dopamine transmission in the brain reward circuitry including the NAc, whereas prolong periods of pain 75, 76 or of drug consumption 77–79 produce the opposite effect, accompanied by reduced motivation towards normally pleasurable stimuli 80–83. These findings can be interpreted in the context of the incentive motivation theory 34, viewing the brain reward function as comprised from core motivational and emotional processes, respectively termed 'wanting' and 'liking'. Pain- or drug-induced changes in the mesolimbic dopaminergic circuitry underlying the wanting but not liking purposes may be responsible for transforming regular wanting responses into heightened incentive salience assigned to pain or drug-related cues. Such incentive sensitization, construed as an animal homolog of human craving 34, may be responsible for drug seeking driven by the desire to ameliorate an inadequately treated pain (i.e., pseudo-addiction; 84) or to avoid a feared opioid withdrawal (i.e., therapeutic dependence; 85).
A closely related concept, derived from primate work, is the aberrant learning theory suggesting that learning of new rewarding or aversive experiences is encoded via interactions between tonic (baseline) and phasic spikes in dopaminergic neurons; phasic firing predicts unanticipated stimuli 86. Hence, neural adaptations to excessive dopaminergic bombardment in response to pain may lead to low signal-to-noise detection capability for natural rewards 87 along with profound overlearning of the motivational significance of cues that either predict painful episodes or are associated with painful experience 86.
The above ideas provide rich opportunities for neuropsychiatric clinicians and researches alike to decipher seemingly elusive interactions between pain and analgesia with respect to the addiction on opioid analgesics 88–91. Three potential classes of interaction may (co)exist between pain and opioids, including competition, independence (i.e., additive effects) and synergism. Competition (Figure 3A) may be the most notable interaction as opioid analgesics, when administered at the adequate dose, restore the homeostatic equilibrium 67, 92 by eliminating pain while pain offsets opioids' reinforcing properties 89, 93. Dependence, including tolerance and withdrawal, may nonetheless sometimes occur 88, 94 during opioid pharmacotherapy, but it qualitatively differs from addiction by lacking the compulsive nature and loss of control 67, 95–97.
To our knowledge, no studies to date directly investigated whether under- or over treated pain has competitive, independent, or synergistic effects on the development of addiction. Opioid analgesics and pain share the ability to affect extracellular dopamine concentrations in the NAc. The latter robustly activate dopaminergic neurotransmission both via inhibition of the GABA neurons 98 and by direct action at the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system and at the related structures e.g., the VT 99, the NAc 100 and the hypothalamus 101. Pain likewise produces DA releases in the NAc with the involvement of the GABA-ergic mechanisms 102, 103. Chronic pain perpetuation and addiction development may result from the dysregulation of these systems. For instance, activation of mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways involved in motivational processing 35 by inadequately treated or untreated pain (Figure 3B) leads to heightened incentive salience attribution to pain and to pain-related stimuli 86. Opioid analgesics providing quick pain relief (i.e., negative reinforcement) can thus become a sensitized motivational target capturing greater attentional resources and resulting in drug craving clinically manifested in expenditure of greater behavioral effort relative to normal reinforcers to seek and to obtain opioids 93, 104, 105. Even though this state is viewed as pseudo- rather than genuine addiction 84, the latter features may predominate with time, giving raise to opioids' overuse in the form of ill-fated attempts to 'self-medicate' perceivably intolerable pain and pain-related anxiety 67. Such an outcome is relatively uncommon and its likelihood is increased with prior history of drug abuse, non-compliance with treatment recommendations and disability litigation 106–108.
Changes in the mesolimbic dopaminergic circuitry induced by opioids, taken at the doses exceeding the homeostatic need for pain alleviation (Figure 3C), may be responsible for transforming regular motivational drives into heightened incentive salience assigned to opioids or to opioid-related cues, that is to say drug craving 34. Additional critical aspect of opioid overuse in the context of an ongoing pain condition is the amplification of "hyperkatifeia" or negative affective states and of physical pain itself 67, 109, 110.
This may be a variant of cross-sensitization when exposure to one stimulus (e.g., addictive drug) increases subsequent response to itself 111–113 and to a different stimulus (e.g., stress; 114–116). Hence, a common outcome in pain patients could be generation of the 'spiraling distress cycle' 79, whereby opioid overuse provoked by the heightened pain salience produces additional deterioration in the pain 117–20 and emotional 67 problems, leading to further opioid consumption that may eventually produce a transition from an excessive opioid use to the bona fide addiction. Given such an autonomous, self-sustaining feedforward loop, it is plausible that pain combined with excessive opioids brings about synergistic processes favoring addictive phenomena. In sum, safe and effective care of pain patient requires thorough understanding of the complex interplay among pain-, analgesia- and addiction-related factors.
Anxiety syndromes are also commonly comorbid with chronic pain 121. A conditioned fear and anxiety syndrome, PTSD, could be yet another example of reward/motivational circuitry involvement in the association of chronic pain and psychopathology. Several lines of evidence implicate pain in the course of PTSD. Neuroanatomically, in addition to their involvement in the pain processing 33, 35,122–125, dopamine terminal fields including the NAc, amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex also play key roles in stress, aversive responses and in PTSD 70, 126–129. From the pathophysiological perspective, peritraumatic pain is recognized among PTSD's independent risk factors 130 while morphine analgesia reduces the severity and even prevents the appearance of PTSD symptomatology 131–134.
A number of mechanisms may contribute to the PTSD-pain comorbidity that carries a substantially poorer prognosis than each condition taken in isolation 135–137. Pain, paired with emotional trauma and its recollections, can become a conditioned stimulus that evokes fear and anxiety responses that in turn augment subjective pain perception and its neural correlates 138, 139 leading to additional deterioration and avoidance of pain- and trauma-related situations 140–143. Such a "mutual maintenance" 144 cycle may be evident in PTSD symptoms emergence caused by surgical pain awareness despite seemingly adequate general anesthesia or in 5% to 19% PTSD incidence surges at the 6 to 12 months follow up points in injured accidents' survivors 145.
Additionally, increased central opiodergic tone 146, 147 along with robust elevations of endogenous opiates concentrations in the cerebral spinal fluid 148 and in plasma 149, but 150 is a relatively consistent clinical finding in PTSD. Therefore, similar to chronic users of opioid analgesics (Figure 3C), PTSD-related exaggerated CNS opioidergic activity could contribute to the sensitized pain phenomenon potentially mediated via the amplification of the excitatory (e.g., glutamtergic) neurotransmission 151–153. The proposed mechanism of excessive pain occurrence could have treatment implications, as it implies prophylactic use of opioid receptor antagonists. Indeed, on the basis of the hypothesis that opioidergic mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology and symptoms of PTSD 146, 154, 155, opioid antagonists have been evaluated for a potential clinical efficacy in a number of clinical trials 147, 156, 157. On the whole, they were safe and well tolerated and resulted in significant improvements of various aspects of PTSD symtomatology such as emotional numbing, startle response, nightmares, flashbacks, intrusive thoughts and comorbid alcoholism 147, 156, 158.
Pain themes are only marginally addressed by the respective training and certification requirements set forth by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) 159 and the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology 159. The former includes Intractable Pain among Medical Knowledge items but not among Patient Care competencies, while the latter only lists Pain Medicine in the section on Psychiatric Subspecialties and Other Areas of Psychiatric Endeavors. Psychiatrists appear to be inadequately trained in pain medicine and to consequently perceive their work with pain patients as ungratifying 160, 161 so the present psychiatric training requirements may be suboptimal for the physicians that are uniquely poised to evaluate and treat pain patients whilst sharing responsibility with their medical colleagues for the management of mental health issues 162.
Empirical data on potential benefits of increased pain training for psychiatric residents are missing. This line of inquiry may be limited by educators' concerns that any training add-ons may encroach on the time honored intensive and rigorous curriculum of the critical clinical skills and knowledge base 160. In our opinion, far from being adverse for psychiatric education, participation in pain training may be beneficial for psychiatric residents, their patients and medical field as whole.
Pain curriculum could build upon the residents' proficiency in neurobiology and upon the existing IASP guidelines 163. Since there are countless ways in how the training can be operationalized, a consensus concerning the adoption of various training components perhaps needs to be developed by a Committee comprised of Psychiatric Residency Training Directors and/or through the American Psychiatric Association Task Force. Following is a brief outline of possible components that may be included in the training activities.
The main objective of the first post-graduate year (PGY-1) is to shape the physician identity of new medical school graduates. Recent graduates accordingly spend at least four months in primary care clinical settings and so that part of their caseload requirements may include treatment and follow up of chronic pain patient(s). This clinical experience can be reinforced via didactics and direct patient care during the two months mandatory neurology rotation. The PGY-2, focused on the foundations of physicians' identities as psychiatrists may include assessments of dually diagnosed pain/psychiatric patients in conjunction with psychotherapeutic 164 and psychopharmacological 49 strategies in the treatment of pain patients. The PGY-3 provides an opportunity to refine the previously acquired skills in more specialized settings including inpatient detoxification unit and outpatient addiction clinic. Consultation-liaison rotation in the PGY-4 could emphasize the integrative nature of pain treatment within the context of medicine at large and the distinctive role of psychiatrists in identifying and handing individual and interpersonal issues within the medical team arising in the context of challenges inherent in the care for multi-problem and at times non compliant and treatment resistant pain patients.
Rather than viewing psychosocial and biological interventions as distinct therapeutic modalities, psychiatrists are exceptionally trained to conceptualize patients' care on the psychosocial-biological continuum and to shift flexibly across various parts of this spectrum among patients and treatment junctions. Thus, wide-ranging involvement of psychiatrists will invigorate essential elements of evaluation and treatment armamentarium that may be underutilized by their medical colleagues. This is a timely effort because majority of neuropathic pain is only partially responsive to opioids 27, 165 so innovative approaches are essential for the pain field.
Psychiatrists are understandably suited to recognize and manage subtle psychological processes including expression of feelings via somatic pain complaints 166, defense mechanisms e.g., denial and repression vs. lie and malingering along with conscious and unconscious motivations 167 such as self reported pain in the face of adequate analgesia due to unwarranted anxiety about the opioid dose reduction (i.e., pseudo-opioid resistance; 168) or drug craving vs. pseudo-addiction 84 or therapeutic dependence 85. Additional pertinent function is the motivational enhancement 169 fostering compliance and active participation in pain treatment plans 80.
While multiple cognitive and behavioral strategies (e.g., cognitive restructuring, stress management and systemic desensitization) were reportedly helpful for chronic pain 164, 170, National Institute of Health Technology Panel assigned the highest score (i.e., strong) to the evidence regarding the effectiveness muscle relaxation 171. Psychiatrists can become strong advocates for the utilization of cognitive and behavioral techniques by the pain field as they routinely apply them to the care of psychiatric patients. Moreover, being undisputed experts in psychopharmacology, psychiatrists can promulgate viable and non-addictive alternatives to opioids with substantial analgesic properties such as antidepressant, anticonvulsant and neuroleptic agents (49, however see 172 suggesting only minor pain effect of neuroleptics). Also, psychiatrists are the most logical physicians to diagnose and treat suicidal tendencies 1, 173 as well as mood, anxiety, psychotic and personality disorders exerting pivotal impacts on pain intensity and treatment outcomes 16.
The psychiatrists' dialectical perspective 174 on pain alleviation while preventing, diagnosing and treating addiction to prescription opioid pain killers is addressed in the preceding sections. Additional contribution from the addiction psychiatry field may involve empirically driven treatment matching algorithms allowing provision of individualized level care according to patients needs with regard to their medical status, employment/support, drug addiction, family situation and psychiatric condition. Patient Placement Criteria by American Society of Addiction Medicine 175, may be adapted to pain patients 176, 177 since they provide multidimensional assessment of severity of illness and level of function and treatment assignment based on needs for service and level of care determination within the available treatment options.
Hence, outweighing any personal benefits for psychiatric trainees per se, this may be of a broader public health interest to engage psychiatrists in the care for the pain patients. Such an addendum will not only generate additional clinical expertise to evaluate and treat a large spectrum of pain-related problems, but will also help expanding the spectrum of psychiatric field to include pain as an entity rooted in numerous other specialties (to name a few: neurology, medicine, surgery and anesthesiology) and will thus advance the integration psychiatry into the mainstream medical care 178 and underscore the significance of attending in concert to mental and physical problems notwithstanding physicians' specialties and patients' presenting problems.
Chronic pain is a major problem afflicting the modern world. The coalescence of epidemiological and clinical data suggests that psychiatric patients have a predilection for a development of various pain conditions. This is at least partially due to functionally impaired neural substrates that overlap emotion, reward, motivation and pain processing. Although psychiatry is only one of many appropriate settings were pain patients can be treated, this approach has several advantages. First, psychiatry is comprehensively focused on the etiopathophysiological mind-body interactions with direct relevance to the pain syndromes. Second, neurobiological research in animal models and more recently in humans confirms a substantial degree of overlap between pain regions and brain areas implicated in core psychiatric symptoms. Third, the relationship and co-morbidity between persistent pain and psychiatric disorders has been extensively documented.
If the interactions between pain and psychiatric illnesses can be further elucidated, they might be used to screen patients at risk for the development or worsening of psychopathology (i.e., primary prevention). It may be also discovered that psychiatric patients need to be targeted for early intervention even in the presence of mild pain problems (i.e., secondary prevention). Lastly, pain medicine training could speed the introduction of other essential 'medical' topics to psychiatric curriculum that have now become timely (e.g., metabolic disturbances 14). Filling in the missing "P" in elevating the psychiatrists' new role in pain patient care, teaching and research may be a substantial clinical contribution in a domain that currently offers relatively little in terms of adequate therapeutic responses.
The authors gratefully acknowledge Ms. Lauren Nutile and Ms. Jeanette Cohan for their assistance with preparation of this manuscript.
This work was supported by grants DA017959 (IE); R01 DA 016423, R01 DA 022520, R01 AT 001415 (J-KZ); and K24NS064050 (DB).
The authors of this manuscript, Drs. Elman, Zubieta and Borsook, have no conflicts of interest to report.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


text:
The cast of the upcoming Broadway staging of Driving Miss Daisy, starring James Earl Jones and Vanessa Redgrave, greeted the press Sept. 29 at a studio in Manhattan. The photo op was followed by a panel discussion with playwright Alfred Uhry and director David Esbjornson. Read the Playbill.com story.
Sign up for exclusive discounts and save up to 50% on tickets!


text:
Selected originals (offcuts, selected scenes, out-takes, rushes) for story "Labour Party Conference" 67/80.
Labour Party Conference at Scarborough, Yorkshire.
Various shots Chancellor of the Exchequer Jim Callaghan and Merwyn Rees checking points of conference in hotel bedroom. Various shots of Foreign Secretary and Deputy Prime Minister George Brown working on his speech in his hotel bedroom. Various shots Minister of Technology Anthony Wedgewood Benn (Tony Benn) working in his hotel room. Various shots Minister of Transport Barbara Castle discussing a point with Labour Party researcher Terry Pitt in the lounge of the Royal Hotel. Various shots Socialist MP for Liverpool Bessie Braddock checking conference agenda in the lounge of Royal Hotel.
"Merwyn Rees" in text and tags should read Merlyn Rees.
This footage represents offcuts for clip 2043.08.


text:
- Articles
- From the Publisher
- Ford's Theatre Ticket Voucher
- A Cup Half-Empty
- Who Were the Lincoln Life Guards?
- Kepi Controversy
- Primary Source Material: Manuscripts
- Overlooked Evidence: Lincoln in Pioneer Chicago
- "THE UNION Is DISSOLVED" The Charleston Mercury Broadside: Points of Authenticity and Variations
- Lincoln Letter Fraud on Ebay
- What He Really Thought of Lincoln: The Discovery of an Unpublished Letter by William F. Herndon
- The Sanitary Fair's Gifts to President Lincoln
- Behind the Scenes At Federal Hall
- In The Marketplace
- LINCOLNPHILE (book reviews)
- The Annotated Lincoln
- Lincoln's Campaign Biographies
- Lincoln's Code: The Laws of War in American History
- "Lincoln" Hits the Screens
- We Have The War Upon Us: The Onset of the Civil War, November 1860-April 1861
- Homefront & Battlefield: Quilts and Context in the Civil War
- President James Buchanan and the Crisis of National Leadership
- Giant in the Shadows: The Life of Robert T. Lincoln
- Lincoln Legends: Myths, Hoaxes, and Confabulations Associated With Our Greatest President.
- Abraham Lincoln: The Image of His Greatness.
- Letters to the Editor
- The Obvious Lincoln
- DeWitt Deaccession Debate
- Fake Lincoln Endorsement
- Historical inaccuracies found in CDV
- More on the Lincoln Avengers
- Cartoon Artist Identified
- Kepi Commentary
- An Item in Search of a Story
- Show & Tell
- Replicas For Sale
- Dueling Blogs
- Lincoln Artwork or Just Artwork?
- Devil with a Blue Dress On
- Breyer Model Horses
- Kudos on the new site!
- This daguerreotype looks like Lincoln, but is it Lincoln?
- What Is Lincoln's Embalmer Worth?
- New Lincoln Stuff on the Market
- Rail Splinters
- Suspect Lincoln
- Amateur Historians
- A Worthless Ribbon and a Worthless C.O.A.
- A Note from the Great Beyond
- 'A. Lincoln' Money Pit
- Added Cachet Value
- A Constant Flow of Fakes
- Problematic Copy Images
- Fraudulent Tintype
- If Only It Were Real!
- Rip-Off Ribbons
- Bogus Ballot
- "Ay, tear her tattered ensign down"
- Legit and Illegitimate Theater: The Ford's Theatre Ticket
- Implausible Provenance
- Twice As [Not] Nice
- These Have Age, But Not Enough
- The Real and the Unreal
- Great Finds!
Act of Justice: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War.
by Barrus M. Carnahan (The University Press of Kentucky, Louisville, KY, 2007, 202p.) $24.95.
Barrus M. Carnahan is a professional lecturer at George Washington Law School, as well as a foreign affairs officer in the U.S. Department of State. Parts of this, his first book, were previously published in issues of The Lincoln Herald in 2001 and 2006.
The subject matter of this brief work deals with the events and thought processes leading up to the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. The President answered some of his critics in a letter sent to James C. Conkling, read at a Grand Union Rally in Springfield, IL on September 3, 1863. Lincoln basically cited the "law of war" and the principle that "property, both of enemies and friends, may be taken when needed." In the book's introduction, Carnahan hints at his purpose in responding to Lincoln's statement: "What was the president trying to communicate when he invoked the 'law of war', and what reason did he have to believe that this would satisfy the critics, or at least some of them? What events led him to use this justification for the proclamation, and what were the legal and policy implications of this choice? .. In Lincoln's era, the principal way to challenge the legality of an official act was to sue individual government officers for money damages. This practice, which the United States had inherited from the English common law, meant that if the courts rejected the Emancipation Proclamation, every U. S. Army officer who sheltered a refugee from slavery would be liable to pay aggrieved slave owners the value of their property."
At the very outset of the Civil War, Lincoln was urged by members of his own party to invoke the laws of war and "free" the slaves of the rebels. There was ample precedent for his doing so, including efforts by the Spanish to recruit slaves in North America in the 1740s, Simon Bolivar in South America and the British both in the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. Basically, you promised freedom to the slaves of your enemy if they would cross lines and fight on your side. There was also a precedent from the Second Seminole War where former slaves who fought with the Seminoles were treated as prisoners-of-war and not sold to or returned to slavery.
In providing context and legal precedents, this book answers much of the criticism directed towards Lincoln regarding the Emancipation Proclamation. This criticism involves Lincoln's procrastination and the fact that the Proclamation was not legally binding because it dealt with areas not under Union control. As the book progresses, we get a clearer picture of how the Proclamation evolved. Initially, Lincoln hoped that the crisis, like the Whiskey Rebellion during Washington's presidency, would fizzle out. This was caused by his unrealistic view of popular sentiment in the South. Perhaps the fact that he had no correspondents from that region prevented him from accurately feeling the pulse of public opinion there. In September 1861, he countermanded John Fremont's emancipation proclamation in Missouri. Yet, it appears that Lincoln had already made up his mind to issue his own proclamation in due course. He corresponded with his Illinois colleague, Orville H. Browning, on the subject and received a fifteen page missive from Browning that enunciated the legal justifications for not only Fremont's proclamation, but any similar one that might be promulgated later. Lincoln held on to Browning's letter and even "borrowed" some of his phrases the following year.
Lincoln was concerned with a myriad of issues that impacted his course of action. Keeping the border states within the Union was certainly a key concern. Lincoln had also promised not to interfere with slavery in the states where it was constitutionally permitted. In upholding the standard of "military necessity", he felt compelled to avoid emancipation until all military options had been played out. This was partly due to his knowledge of legal decisions which, as a lawyer, he was keenly aware of. Roger Taney's Supreme Court had made one such decision regarding an incident of the Mexican War (Mitchell v. Harmony) which permitted the seizure of private property where "the danger is immediate, and impending; or the necessity urgent for the public service, such as will not admit of delay." Lincoln did not feel that point had been reached in 1861 and early 1862. Lincoln also felt that his actions should be underpinned by laws enacted by Congress. In 1861 and 1862, Congress passed the First and Second Confiscation Acts. The Confederates responded with a measured response that authorized sequestering of Union owned property held within their territory or under their control. Lincoln knew that an Emancipation Proclamation would not only have to overcome the "political and legal qualms of conservative politicians, but also the financial interests of businessmen and investors with sequestered property subject to Confederate forfeiture proceedings."
The book discusses the international "rule of law", "natural law", the military code of conduct and different regulations that were published for the benefit of the military in the United States. In many instances, Union commanders were presented with new situations and demanded guidance from the War Department on how to deal with them. There is also the question of the use of military tribunals or commissions and the suspension of habeas corpus. When did the civil authority defer to the military or executive branch? It deals with the proclamations issued by generals Fremont and Hunter, military matters (prisoner exchanges, treatment of prisoners, flags of truce, letters of marque), etc. We learn that Ben Butler, although he initiated the use of contraband labor to maintain Fortress Monroe, turned away black slaves who tried to enter his lines in Louisiana. In Virginia, he needed their help. In Louisiana, they were just a burden on his men and supplies.
The subject matter of this work is quite focused and limited. The author sticks to the subject and avoids the temptation to bring in tangential or rehashed material. Although somewhat "dry" in nature, he manages to keep it interesting. Readers should come away with a far-greater understanding of the issues surrounding the Emancipation Proclamation and no doubt see it in a new, insightful light.
Book Review Archive
- Act of Justice: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War.
- The Dark Intrigue: The True Story of a Civil War Conspiracy.
- President Lincoln: the Duty of a Statesman.
- Lincoln's Men: The President and His Private Secretaries.
- The Lincoln's: Portrait of a Marriage.
- The Madness of Mary Lincoln.
- Lincoln the Inventor.
- Lincoln and New York.
Rail Splinters Archive
- Stereo view photographs of Abraham Lincoln statue damaged in 1906 San Francisco earthquake
- Lincoln in Film
- John Wilkes Booth? Probably not.
- Answer to the question "Whatever became of the Gillett collection?"
- What happened to the Gillette Collection?
- This Train is Bound for Glory
- Lincoln Ballots 1834-1864
- Lincoln Museum in Boise
- Lincoln at the Abolition Ball
- Where East Meets West
- A Prince of a Guy
- In Memoriam: C. Peter Scanlan
- Portrait of Lincoln Legal Associate Unearthed
- Thomas T. Eckert Archive: Telegraphic History of the Civil War
- Beethoven's medium channels news of Lincoln's Death by composing "The Funeral March"
- Where is Mary Todd Lincoln's 1861 Inaugural Ball dress?
- The Meatball does The Sauceman (and The Rail Splitter) proud
- Lincoln "apparently not" a sexist
- Campaign woodcuts in illustrated magazines, symbolism or adornment?
- 1890 Wide-Awake Reunion program
- Baltimore Coin & Currency Convention Highlights
Past Print Issues