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Ethnic & Ethno Pharmacology
Ethnic Pharmacology
Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. (2005). Ethnic Disparities in the Burden and Treatment t of Asthma. Reston, VA: Author.
Bazaldua, O. and Sias, J. (2004). Cultural Competence: A Pharmacy Perspective. Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 17(3), 160 – 166.
Belle, D., and Singh, H. (2008). Genetic Factors in Drug Metabolism. Am Fam Physician, 77(11), 1553-1560.
Bhandari V., Wang, F., Bindman, A., and Schillinger, D. (2008). Quality of Anticoagulation Control: Do Race and Language Matter? J Health Care Poor Underserved,19(1):41-55.
Bjornsson, T., et al. (2003). A review and assessment of potential sources of ethnic differences in drug responsiveness. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 43: 943–967.
Bjornsson, T., Wagner, J., Donahue, S., Harper, D., Karim, A., Khouri, M., Murphy, W., Roman, K., Schneck, D., Sonnichsen, D., Stalker, D., Wise, S., Dombey, S. Loew, C. ( 2003). A Review and Assessment of Potential Sources of Ethnic Differences in Drug Responsiveness. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 43: 943-967.
Bosch, F., and Banos, J. (2002). Religious beliefs of patients and caregivers as a barrier to the pharmacologic control of cancer pain. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 72(2), 107-111.
Bradford, L. (2004). CYP2D6 allele frequency in European Caucasians, Asians, Africans and their descendants. Pharmacogenomics, 3:229-43.
Burchard, E., et al. (2003). The importance of race and ethnic background in biomedical research and clinical practice. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(12, 1170-5.
Burroughs, V., Maxey, R., & Levy, R. (2002). Racial and ethnic differences in response to medicines: Towards individualized treatment. Journal of the National Medical Association, 94:1-26.
Campinha-Bacote, J. (2007). The Process of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Healthcare Services: The Journey Continues. Cincinnati, OH: Transcultural C.A.R.E. Associates (under chapter on "Cultural Knowledge," includes section on ethnopharmacology).
Chen, M. (2006). Ethnic or racial differences revisited: Impact of dosage regimen and dosage form on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 45(10):957-64.
Cordell, G., and Colvard, M. (2005). Some Thoughts on the Future of Ethnopharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 100(1-2), 5-14.
Espino, D., Palmer, R., Miles, T., Bayne, N., & Markides, K. (2000). Patterns of prescription drug utilization in elder Mexican Americans: Result from the Hispanic EPESE study, Ethnicity and Disease, 10: 218-223.
Garcia-Martin, E., Martinez, C., Ladero, J. & Gundez, J. (2006). Interethnic and intraethnic variability of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms in healthy individuals. Mol. Diagn. Ther., 10: 29–40.
Garwood C. L., Clemente J. L., Ibe G. N., Kandula V. A., Curtis K. D., Whittaker P. (2010). Warfarin maintenance dose in older patients: Higher average dose and wider dose frequency distribution in patients of African ancestry than those of European ancestry. Blood Cells, Molecules, & Diseases, 45: 93-97.
Giger, J. (2013). Transcultural Nursing: Assessment & Intervention. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book (includes ethnic pharmacology for each ethnic group).
Gupta, A. (2009). Racial Differences in Response to Antihypertensive Therapy: Does One Size Fits All? Int J Prev. Med.,1(4), 217–219.
Haddad, A., Fink, J., Hayes, B., Matthews, H., Saenz, R. and Wolfe, J. (2000). Report of the ad hoc committee on affirmative action and diversity. Am J Pharm Educ., 64(Winter Suppl):53S–57S.
Halbur, K. and Halbur, D. (2008). Essentials of Cultural Competence in Pharmacy Practice. Washington, DC: American Pharmacists Association.
Han, H., Reis, I., Zhao, W., Kuroi, K., Toi, M., Suzuki, E., et al. (2011). Racial differences in acute toxicities of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer, 47:2537-2545.
Hardy, Y. (2016). Patient Assessment in Pharmacy: A Culturally Competent Approach. MA: Jones & Barlett Learning.
Hines, S. with consultants Frate, D., Kountz, D., Levy, R., Strickland, T., & Williams, R. (2000). Intelligent Prescribing in Diverse Populations. Patient Care, 34(9), 135-149.
Kim, K., Birmingham, C., Azumaya, C., Chen, Y., Schneck, D. and Zalikowski, J. (2008). Increased systemic exposure to rosuvastatin in Asian subjects residing in the United States compared to Caucasian subjects. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther, 83 (suppl. 1), S14.
Kim, S., Lee, K., Song, W., Kim, S., Jee, Y., Lee, S., et al. (2011). Adverse Drug Reaction Research Group in Korea; Carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions and HLA genotypes in Koreans. Epilepsy Research, 97:190-197.
Klein, K., et al. (2005). Genetic variability of CYP2B6 in populations of African and Asian origin: allele frequencies, novel functional variants, and possible implications for anti-HIV therapy with efavirenz. Pharmacogenet. Genomics, 15: 861–873.
Levy, R., and Polatsek, J. (2002). Genetic Variations in Response to Medications: Looking at the Implications for Minority Elders. Healthcare and Aging, 9(1).
Limdi, N., et al. (2008). Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 1173C/T genotype on the risk of hemorrhagic complications in African-American and EuropeanAmerican patients on warfarin. Clin Pharmacol. Ther, 83:312–321.
Miskimen, T., Marin, H., and Escobar, J. (2003). Psychopharmacological Research Ethics: Special Issues Affecting US Ethnic Minorities. Psychopharmacology,171:98-104.
Morrison, A. and Levy, R. (2004). Toward Individualized Pharmaceutical Care of East Asians. Pharmacogenomics, 5(6), 673-689.
Morrison, R., Wallenstein, S., Natale, D., Senzel, R., and Huang, L. (2000). "We Don't Carry That" – Failure of pharmacies in predominately nonwhite neighborhoods to stock opioid analgesics. New England Journal of Medicine, 343: 1023-1026.
Munoz, C. and Hilgenberg, C. (2005). Ethnopharmacology: Understanding how ethnicity can affect drug response is essential to providing culturally competent care. American Journal of Nursing, 105(8): 40-48.
Murphy, E., and McMahon, F. (2013). Pharmacogenetics of anti-depressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics in diverse human populations. Discovery Medicine, 16, 113-122,
Murray R. (2003). Prescribing issues for Aboriginal people. Australian Prescriber, 26: 106-109.
Nakajima, M., et al. (2006). Comprehensive evaluation of variability in nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6 polymorphic alleles in four ethnic populations. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 80: 282–297.
Nebert D., and Menon, A. (2001). Pharmacogenomics, ethnicity, and susceptibility genes. Pharmacogenomics J., 1:19–22.
Ng, C., Lin, K. and Singh, B. (2008). Ethno-Pharmacology: Advances in current practice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
O'Connell, M., Korner, E., Rickles, N., and Sias, J. (2007). Cultural competency in health care and its implications for pharmacy. Pharmacotherapy, 27(7):1062–1079.
O'Malley, P. (2006). Ethnic Pharmacology: Science, Research, Race, and Market Share. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 19(6), 291-293.
Opler, L., Ramirez, P., Dominguez, L., Fox, M., and Johnson, P. (2004). , Rethinking Medication Prescribing Practices in an Inner-City Hispanic Mental Health Clinic. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 10(2), 134-140.
Popa-Lisseanu, M., Greisinger, A., Richardson, M., O'Malley, K., Janssen, N., Marcus, D., Tagore, J. and Suarez-Almazor, M. (2005). Determinants of treatment adherence in ethnically diverse, economically disadvantaged patients with rheumatic disease. Journal of Rheumatology, 32(5), 913-919.
Purnell, L. and Paulanka, B. (2013). Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach. PA: F.A. Davis Publishers (Chapters include ethnic groups with a section on the pharmacological variations for each group).
Quist, R. and Law, A. (2006). Cultural competency: Agenda for cultural competency using literature and evidence. Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy, 2:420–38.
Reyes, C., Van de Putte, L., Falcon, A., and Levy, R. (2004). Genes, Culture and Medicine: Bridging Gaps in Treatment For Hispanic Americans. Washington, DC: National Alliance For Hispanic Health. http://www.npcnow.org/publication/genes-culture-and-medicines-bridging-gaps-treatment-hispanic-americans
Rodriguez de Bittner, M. and Sias, J. (2004). Working with Hispanic populations. APhA Partners in Self Care. Volume 10. Washington DC: American Pharmacists Association.
Rothstein, M., and Epps, P. (2001). Pharmacogenomics and the (ir)relevance of race. Pharmacogenomics J., 1:104–108.
Roy, J., et al. (2005). CYP3A5 genetic polymorphisms in different ethnic populations. Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 884–887.
Shah, M., King, S. and Patel, A. (2004). Intercultural Disposition and Communication Competence of Future Pharmacists. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 68(5):article 111.
Sias, J. (2004). "Cultural competency in pharmacy practice." In: G. Schumock, D. Brundage, M. Richardson., et al, eds. Pharmacotherapy Self-Assessment Program. Kansas City: American College of Clinical Pharmacy, pp. 219-52.
Salerno, E. (2005). Drug news: Racial and ethnic drug differences. Pharmacology Update, Volume 40, August 2005, p. 4.
Satel, S. (2000). PC, MD: How Political Correctness is Corrupting Medicine. Washington, DC: AEI Press.
Schwartz, R. (2001). Racial profiling in medical research. New England Journal of Medicine, 344(18), 1392-1393.
Shavers, V., Lynch, C. and Burmeister, L. (2000). Knowledge of the Tuskegee study and its impact on the willingness to participate in medical research studies. J Natl Med Assoc,92:563-72.
Smith, T., Roth, J., Okoro, O., Kimberlin, C. and Odedina, F. (2012). Disability in Cultural Competency Pharmacy Education. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 75(2), 26.
Solus, J., et al. (2004). Genetic Variation in Eleven Phase I Drug Metabolism Genes in an Ethnically Diverse Population. Pharmacogenomics, 5(7), 895-931.
Taylor, A. and Wright, J. (2006). Should ethnicity serve as the basis for clinical trial design? Importance of Race/Ethnicity in Clinical Trials. Circulation, 112: 3654-3666. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/23/3654.full
Vadivel, N., Garg, A., Holt, D., Chang, R. and MacPhee, I. (2007). Tacrolimus dose in black renal transplant recipients. Transplantation, 83, 997–999.
Vaidyanathan, S., Jermany, J., Yeh, C., Bizot, M., and Camisasca, R. (2006). Aliskiren, a novel orally effective renin inhibitor, exhibits similar pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in Japanese and Caucasian subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 62(6), 690–698.
Watermeyer, J. and Penn, C. (2009). "Tell me so I know you understand": Pharmacists' verification of patients' comprehension of antiretroviral dosage instructions in a cross-cultural context. Patient Education and Counseling, 75(2), 205-13.
Wendler, D., Kington, R., Madans, J., Van Wye, G., Christ-Schmidt, H., Pratt, L., Brawley, O., Gross, P. and Emanuel, E. (2006). Are racial and ethnic minorities less willing to participate in health research?, PLoS Med., 3:e19.
Westberg, S., and Sorensen, T. (2005). Pharmacy-related Health Disparities Experienced by Non-English-Speaking Patients: Impact of Pharmaceutical Care. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 45(1), 48-54.
Williams, J., et al. (2008). PhRMA White Paper on ADME Pharmacogenomics. J. Clin. Pharmacol, 48; 849–889.
Wood, A. (2001). Racial differences in response to drugs – pointers to genetic differences. New England Journal of Medicine, 344(18), 1394-1396.
Woods, D., Mentes, J., Cadogan, M. and Phillips, L. (2017). Aging, Gentics Variations, and Ethnopharmacology: Building Cultural competence through awareness of drug responses in elderly miniory elders. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 28(1), 56-62.
Xie, H., Kim, R., Wood, A., and Stein, C. (2001). Molecular basis of ethnic differences in drug disposition and response. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 41:815–50.
Yang, C., Dao, R., Lee, T., Lu, C., Yang, C., Hung, S., & Chung, W. (2011). Severe cutaneous adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs in Asians. Neurology, 77: 2025-2033.
Yasudal, S., Zhang, L., and Huang, S. (2008). The Role of Ethnicity in Variability in Response to Drugs: Focus on Clinical Pharmacology Studies. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 84(3), 417-423.
Yuan, H., et al. (2005). A novel functional VKORC1 promoter polymorphism is associated with inter-individual and inter-ethnic differences in warfarin sensitivity. Human Hol. Genet, 14, 1745–1751 (2005).
Yuen E., Gueorguieva I., Wise S., Soon D., Aarons L. (2010). Ethnic differences in the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin. Journal of Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics, 37: 3-24.
Zweber, A. (2002). Cultural competence in pharmacy practice. Am J Pharm Educ., 66(2):172–176.
Zhou, H. and Liu, Z. (2000). Ethnic difference in drug metabolism. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med., 38:899-903.
Teaching Cultural Competence
Abel, C., Silva, M., Desilets, A. and Durand, C. (2010). Integration of Cultural Competence Training into an Accelerated Doctor of Pharmacy Curriculum. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 50(2), 282.
Assemi, M., Mutha, S., and Hudmon, K. (2007). Evaluation of a train-the-trainer program for cultural competence. Am J Pharm Educ., 71(6).
Assemi M, Cullander C., and Suchanek Hudmon K. (2004). Implementation and evaluation of cultural competency training for pharmacy students. Ann Pharmacother, 38:781–6.
Assemi, M., and Cullander. C. (2003). Cultural Competency in Pharmaceutical Care Delivery: A Training Template for a One-Day Pharmacy Student Elective Course. San Francisco, CA: Center For the Health Professions, University of California.
Berger, B. (2005). Communication Skills for Pharmacists: Building Relationships, Improving Patient Care (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Pharmacists Association.
Brown, B., Warren, N., Brehm, B., Breen, P., Bierschbach, J., Smith, R., Wall, A. and Van Loon, R. (2008). The Design and Evaluation of an Interprofessional Elective Course with a Cultural Competence Component. Journal of Allied Health, 37(4), 316-337.
Brown, B., Heaton, P., and Wall, A. (2007). Service-Learning Elective to Promote Enhanced Understanding of Civic, Cultural, and Social Issues and Health Disparities in Pharmacy. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 71(1): 09.,
Cailora, S., and Chen, A. (2015). Immediate and longitudinal effects of incorporating health literacy and cultural competency into a year long pharmacy curriculum. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 7:292–301.
Campinha-Bacote. (2013). Ethnopharmacology. What every nurse should know. Minority Nurse. March, 2013. http://minoritynurse.com/ethnopharmacology-what-nurses-need-to-know/
Campinha-Bacote, J. (2007). Becoming Culturally Competent in Ethnic Psychopharmacology. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 45(9).
Cooper, L., Vellurattil, R., & Quiñones-Boex, A. (2014). Pharmacy Students' Perceptions of Cultural Competence Encounters During Practice Experiences. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 78(2).
Cuellar, L. and Fitzsimmons, D. (2003). Raising pharmacists' cultural awareness. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 60, 285-6.
Dawson, L. (2010). Promoting Cultural Competence in Advanced Pharmacology for Nurse Practitioner Students. Nursing Education Perspectives, 31(3),198-190.
Davidhizar, R. (2002). Strategies for providing culturally appropriate pharmaceutical care to the Hispanic patient. Hospital Pharmacy, 37(5), 505-510.
Diggs, A., and Berger, B. (2004). Cultural Competence: Overcoming Bias U.S. Pharm., 2004, 29(6), 94-97.
Drab, S., Lamsam, G., Connor, S., DeYoung, M., Steinmetz, K. and Herbert, M. (2004). Incorporation of service-learning across four years of the PharmD curriculum. Am J Pharm Educ, 68(2) Article 44.
Durand, C., Abel, C., Silva, M. and Desilets, A. (2012). An elective course in cultural competence. Curr Pharm Teach Learn, 4(2): 102–108.
Evans, E. (2006). An Elective Course in Cultural Competence for Healthcare Professionals. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 70(3): 55.
Echeverri, M., Brookover, C., and Kennedy, K. (2010). Nine constructs of cultural competence for curriculum development. Am J Pharm Educ, 74(10): Article 181.
Haack, S. and Phillips, C. (2012). Teaching Cultural Competency Through a Pharmacy Skills and Applications Course Series. Am J Pharm Educ, 76(2):27.
Haack, S. (2008). Engaging Pharmacy Students with Diverse Patient Populations to Improve Cultural Competence. Am J Pharm Educ., 72(5): 124.
Hardy, Y., Johnson, C., Coleman, C. The Case for Culturally Competent Care in Patient Assessment. http://samples.jbpub.com/9781284025743/9781449690731_CH01.pdf
Johnson, C., Crawford, S., Lin, S., Salmon, J. and Smith, M. (2009). Neighborhood Geographical Factors and the Presence of Advanced Community Pharmacy Practice Sites in Greater Chicago. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 73(1) Article 8, pp. 1-6. http://archive.ajpe.org/aj7301/aj730108/aj730108.pdf
Lacey, E., McCann, A., Miller, B., Solomon, E., and Reuben, J. (2012). Achieving student diversity in dental schools: A model that works. Journal of Dental Education, 76:524–533.
McRae, M., Taylor, S., Swain, L. & Sheldrake, C. (2008). Evaluation of a pharmacist-led, medicines education program for Aboriginal health workers. Rural and Remote Health, 8:946. http://www.rrh.org.au/publishedarticles/article_print_946.pdf
McRae, M. and Taylor, S. (June, 2008). Medicines education for Aboriginal health workers: Is there a role for the pharmacist? Pharmacist, 27(6), 502-507.
Nyoni, E., and Ives, T. (2007). Assessing the implementation of cultural competence content in the curricula of colleges of pharmacy in the United States and Canada. Am J Pharm Educ, 71(2):Article 24.
Okoro, O., Odedina, F., Reams, R., and Smith, W. (2012) Clinical Cultural Competency and Knowledge of Health Disparities Among Pharmacy Students. American Journal of Pharm. Education, 76(3), 40.
Onyoni, E. and Ives, T. (2007). Assessing Implementation of Cultural Competence Content in the Curricular of Colleges of Pharmacy in the United Stated and Canada. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 7(2), Article 24.
Poirier, T., Butler, L., Devraj, R., Gupchup, G., Santanello, C., and Lynch, C. (2009). A Cultural Competency Course for Pharmacy Students. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 73(5).
Sales, I., Jonkman, L., Connor, S., and Hall, D. (2013). A Comparison of Educational Interventions to Enhance Cultural Competency in Pharmacy Students. Am J Pharm Educ., 77(4), 76.
Shah, B. and Lonie, J. (2012). Assessing the cultural competency of practicing community pharmacists: A pilot study. Curr Pharm Teach Learn, 4(4):240–246.
Shaya, F. and Gbarayor, C. (2006). The Case for Cultural Competence in Health Professions Education. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 70(06), Article 124.
Smith, W., Roth, J., Okoro, O., Kimberlin, C., and Odedina, F. (2011). Disability in cultural competency pharmacy education. Am J Pharm Educ., 75(2), 26.
Swain, L., and Taylor, S. (2006). Pharmacy student education helping to improve Indigenous medication management and health. Australian Pharmacist, 6: 490-494.
VanTyle, W., Kennedy, G., Vance, M., and Hancock, B. (2011). A Spanish language and culture initiative for a doctor of pharmacy curriculum. Am J Pharm Educ., 1;75(1) :Article 4.
Vyas, D., and Caligiuri, J. (2010). Reinforcing cultural competence concepts during introductory pharmacy practice experiences. Am J Pharm Educ., 74(7) Article 129.
Werremeyer, A., and Skoy, E. (2012). A medical mission to Guatemala as an advanced pharmacy practice experience. Am J Pharm Educ., 76(8):Article 156.
Westberg, S. , Bumgardner, M. and Lind, P. (2005). Enhancing Cultural Competence in a College of Pharmacy Curriculum. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 69(5), Article 82, 1-9.
White-Means, S., Dong, Z., Hufstader, M., and Brown, L. (2009). Cultural competency, race, and skin tone bias among pharmacy, nursing, and medical students. Med Care Res Rev, 66(4):436–455.
Zweber, A., Roche, V., Assemi, M., Conry, J., Shane-McWhorter, L., and Sorensen, T. (2008). Curriculum recommendations of the AACP-PSSC task force on caring for the underserved. Am J Pharm Educ., 72(3), Article 53.
Ethnic Psychopharmacology
Bailey, R. (2003). Atypical Psychotropic Medications and Their Adverse Effects: A Review for the African-American Primary Care Physician. Journal of the National Medical Association, 95(2),137-44.
Campinha-Bacote, J. (2008). Ethnic Psychopharmacology: An Overlooked Area of Cultural Competence in Mental Health Care. Synergy, Edition No. 1 (Publication of the Multicultural Mental Health Australia -MCMHA).
Campinha-Bacote, J. (2007). Becoming Culturally Competent in Ethnic Psychopharmacology. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 45(9).
Campinha-Bacote J. (2013). "African Americans." In L. Purnell & B. Paulanka (Eds). Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach. PA: F.A. Davis Publishers.
Chen, C., Chen, C. and Lin, K. (2008). Ethnopsychopharmacology. Int Rev Psych , 20(5), 452-459.
Chen, J., Barron, C., Lin, K. and Chung, H. (2002). Prescribing medication for Asians with mental disorders. Western Journal of Medicine, 176(4), 271-274.
de Leon, J., Susce, M., Pan, R., Fairchild, M., Koch, W. and Wedlund, P. (2005). The CYP2D6 poor metabolizer phenotype may be associated with risperidone adverse drug reactions and discontinuation. J Clin Psychiatry, 66:15-27.
Diaz, E., Woods, S. and Rosenheck, R. (2005). Effects of ethnicity on psychotropic medication adherence. Community Ment Health J , 41:521-537.
Gaw, A. (2001). "Cross-Cultural Psychopharmacology." In: Albert Gaw (Ed.). Concise Guide to Cross-Cultural Psychiatry. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishers, Inc.
Hamilton, L., Aliyu, M., Lyons, P., May, R., Swanson, C., Savage, R. and Go, R. (2006). African-American community attitudes and perceptions toward schizophrenia and medical research: An exploratory study. J Natl Med Assoc., 98:18-27.
Herbeck, D., West, J., Ruditis, I., Duffy, F., Fitek, D., Bell, C., Snowden, L. (2004). Variations in use of second-generation antipsychotic medication by race among adult psychiatric patients. Psychiatric Service, 55 (6), 667-684.
Knudsen, H., Ducharme, L., & Roman, P. (2007). Racial and ethnic disparities in SSRI availability in substance abuse treatment. Psychiatric Services, 58 (1), 55-62
Kilbourne, A., and Pincus, H. (2006). Brief Reports: Patterns of Psychotropic Medication Use by Race Among Veterans With Bipolar Disorder. Psychiatry Service, 57 (1),123-126.
Kuno, E. and Rothbard, A. (2004). Racial disparities in antipsychotic patterns for patients with
schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159 (4), 567-572.
Lanouette, N., Folsom, D., Sciolla, A. and Jeste, D. (2009). Psychotropic medication nonadherence among United States Latinos: A comprehensive literature review. Psych Serv, 60(2):157-174.
Lin, K., Smith, M. and Ortiz, V. (2001). Culture and psychopharmacology. Psychiatric Clin N Am, 24(3).
Lin, K. and Poland, R. (2000). "Ethnicity, culture and psychopharmacology." In F. Bloom & D. Kupfer, (Eds). Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress. American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, NY, NY: Raven Press. pp. 1907-1917.
Marin, H., and Escobar, J. (2001). Special issues in psychopharmacological management of Hispanic Americans. Psychopharmacol Bull, 35 (4): 197-212.
Melfi, C., Croghan, T., Hanna, P., et al. (2000). Racial variation in antidepressant treatment in a Medicaid population. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 61:16–21.
McMahon F., Buervenich, S., Charney, D., Lipsky, R., Rush, A., Wilson, A., Sorant, A., Papanicolaou, G., Laje, G., Fava, M., Trivedi, M., Wisniewski, S. and Manji, H. (2006). Variation in the gene encoding the serotonin 2A receptor is associated with outcome of antidepressant treatment. Am J Hum Genet, 78(5):804-814.
Miskimen, T., Marin, H. and Escobar, J. (2003). Psychopharmacological Research Ethics: Special Issues Affecting US Ethnic Minorities. Psychopharmacology, 171(1), 98-104.
Pi, E., and Simpson, G. (2006). Cross-cultural psychopharmacology: A current clinical perspective. American Psychiatry Association, 56 (1), 31-33.
Rey, J. (2006). The Interface of Multiculturalism and Psychopharmacology. Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 19(6), 379-385.
Ruiz, P. (2000). Ethnicity and Psychopharmacology. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Schillevoort, I., van der Weide, J., Steijns, L., Roos, R., Jansen, P. and Leufkens, H. ( 2002). Antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal syndromes and cytochrome P450 2D6 genotype: a case-control study. Pharmacogenetics, 12 (3), 235-240.
Taylor, A., Ziesch, S., Yancy, C., Carson, P., et al. (2004). Combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in Blacks with heart failure. The New England Journal of Medicine, 351 (20): 2049-57.
Ethnic Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Medication
Angus, D., Linde-Zwirble, W., Tam, S., Ghali, J., Sabolinski, M., Villagra,V., Winkelmayer, W., and Worcel, M. (2005). Cost-Effectiveness of Fixed-Dose Combination of Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine Therapy for Blacks with Heart Failure. Circulation, 112: 3745-3753.
Brody, H. and Hunt, L. (2006). BiDil: Assessing a Race-Based Pharmaceutical. Annals of Family Medicine, 4:556-560.
Exner, D., et al. (2001). Lesser response to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor therapy in blacks as compared to white patients with ventricular dysfunction. New England Journal of Medicine, 344(18); 1351-7.
Ferdinand, K. (2006). The isosorbide-hydralazine story: Is there a case for race-based cardiovascular medicine? The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 8(3), 156-158.
Flack, J., et al. (2003). Efficacy and tolerability of eplerenone and losartan in hypertensive black and whiter patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 41(7); 1148-55.
Kudzma, E. (2001). Cultural competence: Cardiovascular medications. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing, 16(4), 152-160, 169.
Jafar, T., et al. (2003). Ethnic subgroup differences in hypertension in Pakistan. Journal of Hypertension, 21(5), 905-12.
McDowell, S., Coleman, J. and Ferner, R. (2006). Systematic review and meta-analysis of ethnic differences in risks of adverse reactions to drugs used in cardiovascular medicine. BMJ, 332(7551):1177-81
Richardson, A., and Piepho, R. (2000). Effect of race on hypertension and antihypertensive therapy. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther., 38:75-79.
Sankar, P. and Kahn, J. (2005). "BiDil: Race Medicine or Race Marketing?" Health Affairs, 11. content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/content/abstract/hlthaff.w5.455
Schaefer, B., et al. (2003). Gender, ethnicity, and genes in cardiovascular disease. Part 2: Implications for pharmacotherapy. Heart Disease, 5(3): 202-14.
Taylor, A. et al. (2004). Combination of Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine in Blacks with Heart Failure. New England Journal of Medicine, 351, 2049–2057.
Xie, H.., Kim, R.., Wood, A., and Stein, C. (2001). Molecular basis of ethnic differences in drug metabolism. The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 41:815-85.
Ethno Pharmacology
Ethnopharmacology: Combining the approaches of medical anthropology, phytotherapy, and pharmaceutical science, this discipline examines medicinal plants in indigenous cultures, their bioactive compounds, and the sustainable development and production of nature-derived therapeutics.
Aburjai, T., Hudaib, M., Tayyem, R., Yousef, M., and Qishawi, M. (2007). Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal herbs in Jordan, the Ajloun heights region. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 110(2), 294-304.
Bourbonnais-Spear, N., Awad, R., Merali, Z., Maquin, P., Cal, V., & Arnason, J. T. (2007). Ethno- pharmacological investigation of plants used to treat susto, a folk illness. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 109: 380-387.
De Natale, A., and Pollio, A. (2007). Plants species in the folk medicine of Montecorvino Rovella (inland Campania, Italy). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 109(2), 295-303.
Fitzgerald, M. (2007). Herbal Facts, Herbal Fallacies. American Nurse Today, 2(12), 27-32.
Institute of Medicine. (2005). Use of Complimentary and Alternative Medicine by the American Public. Washington, DC: Author.
Kamatenesi-Mugisha, M. and Oryem-Origa, H. (2007). Medicinal plants used to induce labour during cildbirth in western Uganda. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 109(1), 1-9.
Karousou, R., Balta, M., Hanlidou, E. and Kokkini, S. (2007). "Mints", smells and traditional uses in Thessaloniki (Greece) and other Mediterranean countries. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 109(2), 248-257.
Koepfer, S. and Barrett, S. (2006). Teaching CAM to Pediatric Residents Within the Context of Cultural Competency. Journal of American Association of Integrative Medicine.
Ragunathan, M., and Weldegerima, B. (2007). Medico ethno botany: A study on the Amhara ethnic group of Gondar district of north Gondar zone Ethiopia. Journal of Natural Remedies, 7(2), 200-206.
Rahmatullah, M., Khatun, Z., Hasan, A., Parvin, Moniruzzaman, W., Khatun, A., Mahal, M., Bhuiyan, S., Mou, S., and Jahan, R. (2012). Survey and scientific evaluation of medicinal plants used by the Pahan and Teli tribal communities of Natore district, Bangladesh. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med., 9(3), 366‐373. http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?tc12050
Scott, G. and Elmer, G. (2002). Update on Natural Product-Drug Interaction. American Journal Health Syst Pharm., 59(4), 339-347.
Shrivastava, S., Dwivedi, S., Dubey, D. And Kapoor, S. (2007). Traditional herbal remedies from Madhya Pradesh used as oral contraceptives- A field survey. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 1(1), 18-22.
Singhuber, J. (2011). Isolation of positive, allosteric GABAA receptor modulators from Chinese herbal drugs traditionally used in the treatment of anxiety and insomnia. Dissertation: Universitat Wien. http://othes.univie.ac.at/15220/1/2011-04-18_0002922.pdf
Singhuber, J., Zhu, M., Prinz, S. and Kopp, B. (2009). Aconitum in Traditional Chinese Medicine – A valuable drug or an unpredictable risk? J Ethnopharmacol, 126(1), 18-30.
Ung, C., Li, H., Kong, C.Y., Wang, J. and Chen, Y. (2007). Usefulness of traditionally defined herbal properties for distinguishing prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine from non-prescription recipes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 109(1), 21-28.
Herbs Research Foundation
Research Guide for Herbs
Sloan-Kettering – About Herbs, Botanicals and Other Products
Herb Med
University of Washington Medical Herb Garden
Herbal Medicine
American Association of Naturopathic Physicians
American Association of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (AAAOM)
American Holistic Medical Association
National Center for CAM


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Jewelry is a perfect fashion item to spice up your style, yet, to me, it is more than that. It represents my personality, mood, style and memories. I often buy jewelry, mostly rings, when I am traveling to remember where I was, and to remember the precious time I had. Jewelries are very sentimental.
This time, I wasn't traveling, but the company called Mejuri caught my eyes. A few of my favorite YouTubers and bloggers were involved in designing jewelries with Mejuri so I was, of course, keeping an eye on them. I thought it would be fun to share what I got how I think of them.
They had this hand written card for me with my name and it made me feel so special! How lovely is that? Brownie point 😉
I ordered two pieces and these two items are so special to me. Evil eye design has been my favorite for the longest time. It is powerful and really attracts me for some reasons. I have a evil eye ring that I bought from Urban Outfitters, which I adore, but it is not made with fine material that it leaves green color on my skin so I do not wear it often. When I saw the dainty evil eye ring from Mejuri, it, no doubt, straight went to my basket. Not knowing my proper ring size, especially for chain ring, it was a bit challenging but I successfully chose the right size for my chubby finger. The beautiful pendant is from their Happiness Collection. They have a word engraved on a gold pendant. I originally was going to get the "happiness" one, but it was sold out by the time I purchased one, unfortunately. Instead, "positivity" caught my eyes. Sounded as cheesy, yet something I should keep in my heart in daily life.
Both pieces are fine jewelries; either silver coated in 14k gold, or just 14k gold. Gems (crystals) are used for both evil eye ring and the pendant. The blue part of the evil eye, I believe, is turquoise and the yellow stone on the pendant is citrine. I have never taken the pendant off since I got it, even in the shower but the quality seems to last and it looks gorgeous whenever I look at it.
Some may spend more money on handbags, other may do so on shoes, I do so on my jewelries. One of my biggest inspirations is my grandfather. He always loved wearing jewelries. It does not have to be expensive, but it has to be special to be worn. Each jewelry I own has a special memory and history that can be remembered for a long time.With that being said, I had to admit that I am not a huge fan of jewelries that are made with materials such as copper. Even if I loved the pieces, it is so unpleasant and embarrassing when my fingers turn green, if any of you have experienced that! Inexpensive pieces are great for daily use to enjoy fashion but for something to have for your lifetime, I would definitely choose quality jewelries.
I cannot be happier with what I have got from them. Thank you Mejuri for an amazing experience with your community and your products. If you are looking some rings, necklace or earrings, I would highly recommend their pieces. I will leave the link to their website down below in case any of you are interested in checking them out.
I posted more photos of me wearing the ring and the pendant on my Instagram so please go check it out and follow me there 🙂
Thank you so much for taking your time to read this if you did.
I will see you in my next blog post.

subset: commoncrawl


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Sukanya: Meet the musicians
For the world premiere production of Ravi Shankar's Sukanya, we're delighted to be collaborating not only with an international cast of singers, but also four acclaimed Indian classical musicians, two of whom are joining us from India especially for these performances.
M. Balachander (Mridangam & Konnokol)
M. Balachandar was born into a musical family, and started learning the mridangam at the age of 9. Gifted with an analytical mind and artistic sensitivity, he is at ease with many different genres of dance and music, including Carnatic classical music, Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Hindustani classical music, Jazz, Fusion and many others. 'Bala', as he is fondly known in the music fraternity, has performed across the globe in many prestigious festivals and has appeared on international TV and radio with many of the greatest names in the field of Indian music and dance. Bala has been the resident mridangam teacher at London's Bhavan Centre – the UK's foremost hub of Indian music and dance – since 1995, and has trained many students to a professional level. Bala is the recipient of many awards and titles and was awarded the Fellowship of Trinity College of Music, London in 2005.
Pandit Rajkumar Misra (Tabla)
Pandit Rajkumar Misra is one of the most renowned tabla players of Indian classical music. Having trained with his father, he has performed with leading artists in India as well as in international engagements, including concerts with the British Philharmonic Orchestra and a performance for the Queen at Buckingham Palace. Rajkumar is a fellow of Trinity College London and the resident Guru at The Bhavan.
Parimal Sadaphal (Sitar)
A senior disciple of Pandit Ravi Shankar, Parimal Sadaphal started playing sitar at the age of 7 and trained with Shankar for over 25 years. As well as travelling and performing extensively both in an individual capacity and with Ravi Shankar's touring group, Parimal is also an established senior consultant working international development organisations including The World Bank and United Nations Development Programme, and holds a Master's degree in Agricultural Engineering.
Generously supported by the Indian Council for Cultural Relations
Ashwani Shankar (Shehnai)
Born into a family of musicians, Ashwani Shankar had his initial training with his father and grandfather (both also professional shehnai players), as well as learning with Pandit Ravi Shankar. With his brother Sanjeev he has gone on to perform at numerous music festivals across India, as well as internationally.
Generously supported by the Indian Council for Cultural Relations.
Pirashanna Thevarajah (Ghatam, Morsing, Mridangam and Konnokol)
Pirashanna Thevarajah is a senior disciple of M. Balachandar, and one of the few percussionists of his generation to have a command of a variety of Indian percussion instruments, including the mridangam, kanjira, ghatam and morsing, as well as being proficient in the art of konnakol (Indian spoken rhythm). He has collaborated with many of the world's foremost Indian classical and contemporary musicians, including Pandit Ravi Shanka, and performed at venues and festivals across Europe, India, the USA and Canada. Pirashanna has also featured on many albums and movie soundtracks, including Anoushka Shankar's Grammy-nominated albums Traveller, Traces of You and Land of Gold.
We're enormously excited about being the first to perform Sukanya next month. We'll be giving the world premiere at Curve Leicester, followed by performances at The Lowry, Salford Quays, Birmingham Symphony Hall, and Royal Festival Hall in London.
Sukanya is a co-production between The Royal Opera, London Philharmonic Orchestra and Curve.
19 May performance in association with Southbank Centre.
Sukanya score completed by Ravi Shankar's long-time collaborator David Murphy.
Generous philanthropic support from Arts Council England and the Bagri Foundation.


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Emerson Coy, Mae Campbell, and Lyle Coy
- Pennsylvania |
- Graceton PA |
- Homer City PA |
- Indiana Co PA |
- Campbell |
- Coy
Left, Emerson Coy of Roberts Addition outside of Homer City, Pa, the my uncle.
Middle, Mae Campbell, now deceased. Mae was a sister to Emerson and Lyle Coy. She lived in Indiana, Pa, for many years.
Right, Lyle Coy of Graceton, Pa., my father.


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Assort of Vegetables.......read to find out!
Tbilisi Travel Blog› entry 2 of 6 › view all entries
This morning was a later start then planned. Rob slept through everything as usual, but I had trouble sleeping. He was up and went down for breakfast. He didn't give it rave reviews, but it kept him from being grumpy. He reported that there are quite a few American youth in the hotel. I knew this already because they were what kept me awake. We noticed form our window we had a view of a building that was collapsing. To our great surprise there was a woman in the sturdier half cleaning windows and apparently living there. She did have pride in what little she has.
After our morning showers, it was time to head out and find me food. After consulting with the hotel about where to find the Dry Bridge Market we were off.
Once we finished we went over to the Basilica to see what it had to offer.
Next we continued our journey towards the Dry Bridge Market. We found the area but it was across the street and above us on a bridge. Getting across required us crossing six lanes of traffic which was coming heavy from both directions, but other people were doing it, so we did it. Once across the street we were in the market. The first vendor we spoke with was Maya a lovely women selling hand-made Georgian hats, bags, and other small crafts.
Continuing on along the street front there was an amazing array of art on display. Paint fumes were in the air. There were many beautiful pieces that were pulling me to them. There was one awesome piece that was the artists interpretation of the city in a very narrow but five feet tall painting. If I could have gotten it home…..but, bus to
Back at the hotel we were able to ask for a fan for our room since is hot today, if I haven't already mentioned it, it is hot. I knew from my weather.com update before we left that it would be quite warm but, this was more than expected! We then headed out for another meal. Since I was only having veggies and no real protein I was hungry more often. We headed to a place near the hotel called Shemoikhede Genatsvale. I was thrilled to find multiple options. I decided on an egg plant dish and cucumber and tomato salad. Rob wanted to try the curd dumpling with cheese and a veal dish.
From there we wanted to go up to the TV Tower. We had to go through
Even though Rob is allergic to dogs and cats he is sucker for them. There was a cute little stray puppy frolicking at the base of the column. Rob was snapping shots and tried to play tug of war with the puppy. The puppy ended up rolling over and wanting to be petted.
Continuing on down
The idea was to take the funicular to the church half way up and then continue on. Rob took us down the wrong street and we ended up walking all the way to the church. The hill was very steep and winding, what a work great glute workout. As I had just done a heavy leg workout on Thursday, I was dying. There was a service being held at the church so we wandered in the graveyard for a few minutes. They had some fantastic grave markers. Waiting in the graveyard were the alter boys and some other people and a monk. I was amazed at the number of them. Form here we thought we could catch the funicular and go to the top.
Once we made it to the bottom it was on to the Rose Revolution Square. We stopped into a souvenir shop and found some great gifts for family and friends. The lady helping us let me go behind the counter to make it easier. When we were ready, she used an abacus to add up the totals for our purchases. Anyone ever use one as a kid…….I did! Once we reached the square we decided it was time to eat again and wanted to head towards the hotel as it was getting late. Our first choice was the Lonely Planet guide's choice restaurant.
At the next restaurant, I was also limited in choice, but had some options.
Man: It is an assort.
Rob asked "which greens are in the assort".
Man: It is an assort.
Me: but what is in the assort?
Man: It is an assort.
Rob: What kind of greens?
Me: Does it have broccoli, cauliflower, lettuce?
Man: It is an assort.
Me: He doesn't understand this Rob.
Rob, pointing at menu: does it have cucumber?
Man: You want cucumber and tomato, good.
Brian: No what is in the assort of greens?
2nd man enters who seems to know more English: Can I help?
Rob to 2nd Man: He is a vegetarian (pointing to me). We want to know what is in the Assort of greens.
2nd Man speaks Georgian to 1st Man
2nd Man to Rob: It is an assort of greens.
Rob: Does it have cucumber.
2nd Man: Yes cucumber and potato. You want the cucumber and tomato salad.
Rob lays his head on the table in frustration.
Me: What is in the Vegetable tart?
2nd Man: it is vegetable.
Rob: But what vegetable?
Brian: I just try it.
Man: We don't have the tart.
Rob: OK, we're out of here.
On to the next restaurant, the Colosseo.
A waiter came over and said something and we could hear a word. In between songs he came over again and tried to take our order. Rob tried to explain that we had already ordered, but he did not understand. Where was the singer drowning out the sound when you need her? Another girl came over and Rob managed to make them understand we had ordered from a waitress. We still didn't have drink yet and it had been at least 15 minutes since we ordered. The girl went off after the waitress. She came back to tell us they had no orange juice, but they had apple juice.
That settled, the singer was back at it and the teens were dancing. They were quite the crew and mixed the traditional ethnic styles with more modern moves. They were very enthusiastic and went from partner to partner. We enjoyed the show and it was wonderful to see the traditional infused into the modern. Rob just had to snap a few pictures and took a video too. The food came and I was a little concerned that the soup had chicken stock as the base.
Rob left me with the room to zone out and headed out to get some bottled water and a few other things so I could have more protein.


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This is a 125 Honda Shadow bobber motorcycle. I really dig the fat tires. I love front disc brakes and how the rear fender is cut. I think that 125 Honda Shadow is a great setup for a bobber motorcycle. The paint job is simple, yet very elegant for a classic bobber motorcycle with white and a teal and a little black for the lines. I like the black frame. I think that the 125 shadow engine left with the original polish has a nice touch. I think it is kinda weird that the front motorcycle pipe has been wrapped but that the rear pipe is naked. There is no mirror on this bike that I could see. I think that the fat front headlight is awesome.
Overall I would rate this Honda Shadow 125 bobber motorcycle a 4 out 5.


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October 23 – Jon Ritner
Today is the sixth week of our eight week Fall teaching series, "Sent: Rediscovering the Priorities of Jesus." We are studying the life of Jesus from passages in the four Gospels.
Much is made of the profound teachings and the powerful miracles of Jesus, but what were the underlying priorities of his life that determined how he invested his time and energy? As the modern-day Body of Christ, we are seeking to reclaim his mission as sent by God to declare and display God's universal reign over the world. We will also read together from the book by Michael Frost which will help us understand practical habits and rhythms we can adopt to live out Jesus's priorities.
This week's reading and application:
Read Chapter 6, Learn – The Fourth Habit
Spend one period this week learning Christ by reading from the Gospels and putting into practice what you read.
Some suggested Gospel passages to read:
Matthew 6
Mark 12
Luke 18
John 13
Do Jellyfish Feel The Ocean?
From Still Whispers by Phil Farrand
We live at the bottom of an "ocean" of air. So the weight of the air around us isn't just pushing down on us from above, it is pushing against you from all sides, at somewhere around 14 pounds of pressure per square inch.
That's a lot of pressure!
Most of time we don't even feel it because we live with it every day. But occasionally, we drive into the mountains or we hop a ride on an airplane and we feel the pressure change.
There is an interesting meditative phase that some Christian mystics ponder when thinking about God: "Boundless ocean, who can sound thee?"
For those of you who might not be familiar with the verb "sound", it means to try to measure the depth of a body of water by letting down a rope with a weight.
The phrase is describing God as a great boundless expanse, an expanse that is beyond any attempt to measure its depth.
I have only added one perspective to this phrase as I have meditated on it. I do not imagine myself bobbing on the divine ocean.
With the Divine, there is no single direction like below. He is all.
Just like the ocean of air that surrounds us, there has never been a moment when God has not surrounded us. David performs a thought experiment on this when he asks in Psalm 139 if he could ever escape from God's presence. And, of course, he concludes that there is nowhere he can go to remove himself from the presence of the Divine.
Right now, God completely surrounds you. He completely infuses you. If you aren't aware of him, it's because you have grown used to all that he does for you.
You've grown used to his provision. You've grown used to his kindness. You've grown used to his love.
Do jellyfish feel the ocean? Probably not.
But they should.
from Jon Ritner


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The New Tall Tales, Part One
1959 · Chicago
by MONROE, Marion (et al)
Chicago: Scott, Foresman & Co, 1959. Very Good. Later. Illustrated by Connie Moran. Very good plus, book has light rub of spine and edges of cover, light yellowing pages, nice clean copy. Please Note: This book has been transferred to Between the Covers from another database and might not be described to our usual standards. Please inquire for more detailed condition information. (Inventory #: 190651)


text: I got a phone call that a VERY wanted bag Im lusting after came in..heehee..CANT WAIT..Picking it up today..STAY TUNED...I was high up on the list for this bag so Im feelin PRETTY LUCKY!!!!!! Im gonna wait to tell ya which Chanel bag it is(IM EVIL!) ..... STAY TUNED...........Just hoping its not gonna be too big a bag for me(That was a subtle hint..LOL!) will post pics later today.........mu ha ha ha ha!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


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Product or Service
SMD Type GPS Module
Profile:Manufacturer - Producer|Ref:PSL48349YH | Country: Taiwan Province Of China | Currency: | Export: No
the advanced GPS receiver module based on MTK Chipset solutions. This GPS module is an ideal SMD solution for those who wish to incorporate GPS functions into their small factor device. It excels in tracking performances under urban landscapes or other environments where GPS signals can be difficult to acquire. design is powered by MediaTek Inc. chipset, the leading digital fabless semiconductor company for wireless communications and digital media solutions. This GPS module engine board has a compact, cost-effective design with excellent tracking performances; it is ideal for use in PND, Handheld, Portable, Mobile device, and those who wishes to Surface-Mount GPS receiver module onto their design!
- Based on MediaTek Inc. Solution
- TCXO Design
- Sensitivity: -158 dBm Tracking
- L1 frequency, C/A code, 32-channels
- Position Accuracy: <3M 50% CEP
- DGPS-SBAS(WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS), Datum
- Protocol: NMEA0183, RTCM SC-104, MTK Command
- 1 PPS Support
- Low Power Consumption
- Cold Start <36s, Warm Start <33s, Hot Start <1s
- Max Update Rate: 5Hz
- SMD Type
- Suitable for PND, Handheld, Portable, Mobile Device
- UART (TTL) Port
- RoHS
Please visit our website for complete Spec.!!
Contact the company


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MARMOGRES | Mosaic
Porcelain stoneware mosaic
Porcelain stoneware
Casalgrande Padana, a brand constantly searching for innovative technical solutions, presents the Marmogres series. 10 colours as a revision of previously known natural stones are interpreted according to the potential of porcelain stoneware to obtain an innovative material that can be recognised and connected to a distinct cultural identity. Marmogres is the result of a new technology developed by Casalgrande Padana involving the use of specific atomised and micronised earth during the pressing stage, so that full body material is achieved, of which every slab is different and may be processed through all its thickness just like natural stone, although it ensures unmatched compactness and solidity. This material is easy to clean and resistant to physical and chemical stress, consequently it is suitable for any situation: residential buildings, shopping mall and office floors, as well as the external cover of ventilated walls.


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Nostrum Oil Swings To Loss, Plans To Lift Output And Refinance Bonds
LONDON (Alliance News) – Nostrum Oil & Gas PLC on Tuesday said a large loss its hedging contract and a big drop in revenue caused the company to turn to a loss in 2016, but it said production should be higher in 2017, when it will also look to refinance some of its bond debt.
Nostrum shares were up 2.2% at 429.30 pence per share on Tuesday.
The oil and gas producer said revenue fell to USD348.0 million in 2016 from USD448.9 million the year before, as production dipped to 40,351 barrels daily from 40,391 barrels in the previous year. Despite the fall in revenue, cost of sales rose to USD199.5 million from USD186.6 million.
That resulted in gross profit of USD148.5 million versus USD262.3 million in 2015.
The major difference in costs during the year was a USD63.2 million loss from the fair value of the hedging contract covering oil sales, whereas last year it booked a USD37.1 million gain.
Nostrum turned to a pretax loss of USD64.5 million in 2016 from the USD72.3 million profit reported in 2015.
No dividend was declared. The dividend in 2015 was USD0.27 per share.
Net operating cashflows in 2016 were USD206.5 million compared to USD153.3 million the year before, and cash at the end of the year stood at USD101.1 million after falling from USD165.6 million a year earlier. Net debt at the close of the year was USD857.9 million, up from USD785.9 million. Net debt is now 4.4 times higher than annual earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation, whereas last year it was 3.3 times higher.
Nostrum said it reduced operating costs by 14% in 2016 while transport costs were down 19%.
The company plans to drill seven wells at Chinarevskoye in Kazakhstan in 2017, including one appraisal well. The construction of the third gas treatment unit continues in line with budget guidance with completion expected during the second half of 2017.
The aim is to keep production above 44,000 barrels daily in 2017 while completing GTU3, which will more than double its gas processing capacity in the second half of the year, it said.
Nostrum said it plans to keep a minimum of USD50.0 million on the balance sheet "at all times", while it will look to refinance all or part of its outstanding bond debt.
By Joshua Warner; email@example.com; @JoshAlliance
Copyright 2017 Alliance News Limited. All Rights Reserved.


text: I got assigned a new truck last night and this was my first day out with it; and I tell you this truck beeps for everything. When you put in reverse, directional, hazards, lights on with truck off, handbrake not on. It gets a little annoying as the day goes on. Is this a problem that can be rectified without having to get a different truck or do you guys just block it out and press on?


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It's time to celebrate our wonderful country with some flag decor!
and you can have find little flags everywhere right now for not much at all- I got mine in the Target Dollar aisle- 3 for $1
Feeling patriotic??? There's no tute since you can just look at this and figure it out. But…you can download the Sure Cuts a Lot file right here. For the plaque check out the Sign for all Seasons kick-off post here
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Owner at Peek-a-Boo Pattern Shop
Amy is the founder and owner of Peek-a-Boo Pattern shop. She is a wife and mother to 3 children. Amy loves to sew, read and spend time outdoors.
Latest posts by Amy (see all)
- Sewing for Kindergarten – September 22, 2017
- Back to School Sew Along! – July 31, 2017
- Sleep Tight Swaddle Sewing Pattern – July 20, 2017
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The United States in Vietnam
first edition
1969 · New York
by KAHIN, George McTurnan and John W. Lewis
New York: Dial Press, 1969. Fine/Good. First revised. Fine in good dustwrapper. Hardcover is a nice clean copy, like new, except for former owners name in red ink on front endpaper. Dustwrapper soiled and worn, a couple of 1 inch tears on top and bottom edges, spine browned, price clipped. Please Note: This book has been transferred to Between the Covers from another database and might not be described to our usual standards. Please inquire for more detailed condition information. (Inventory #: 146248)


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Have a little Exorcist with The Evil Dead
A new promo image for the remake of The Evil Dead seems to be borrowing from another popular horror film because The Exorcist is the first thing that pops into my mind when I look at this image.
Will new version of The Evil Dead be as awesome as the original film? I seriously doubt it since Bruce Campbell isn't starring in it, but the new photo offering a sneak peek isn't too shabby at all, although I think more of Linda Blair from The Exorcist more than anything at all from any of the Evil Dead films. It could be an indication that the remake is going more for a pure horror film feel than trying to recapture the magic that occurred the first time around, and that would be a very smart move, in my opinion. One does not plan to create a cult film; it's just something that happens. And the chance of catching lightning in the bottle a second time for the same film would probably take a miracle.
Regardless of whether the film goes for pure horror or foolishly tries to recreate the original, I believe it's necessary to give props to the make-up department. Why? Because that creepy figure above and the sexy woman below are the same person.
Yep. That's Jane Levy, who's probably familiar to fans of ABC's Suburgatory, although I'd be very impressed if you recognized her in the Evil Dead picture. If the rest of the film manages to look as good as that one shot (a lot to ask, I know) then I'm ready for this movie to hit the big screen.
The Evil Dead lets the demons loose in theaters some time in 2013.
Source: EW.com
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Set photos reveal new ride for Robocop


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NEW YORK (Reuters) - United Refining Inc has agreed to buy Phillips 66's (PSX.N) marine terminal and associated assets near New York Harbor, a deal that will add a five-million-barrel oil storage facility to the company's Northeast assets, the two companies said on Tuesday.
Pending regulatory approval, United Riverhead Terminal Inc, an affiliate of United Refining, will take ownership of the Riverhead, New York, terminal, about 80 miles east of the New York Harbor, at the end of October.
Terms of the deal were not disclosed.
The marine terminal is currently used to store and ship crude oil, heavy fuels, diesel and gasoline. Its offshore marine platform is the only deepwater loading and unloading facility on the U.S. East Coast and can handle Suezmax vessels and Very-Large Crude Carriers (VLCC) tankers.
United Refining declined to say if the deal will have a long-term effect on the type of crude it processes at its 65,000 barrel-per-day refinery in Warren, Pennsylvania.
"We're not making public what we intend to do with the terminal," said John A. Catsimatidis, chairman and chief executive of United Refining Company.
Catsimatidis said, however, that his company will lease some of the terminal's storage tank capacity to other firms and has no immediate plans to send the crude oil it receives at the terminal to the Pennsylvania refinery.
Almost all of the crude supplies to the refinery come from Canada and northern plain states via an Enbridge (ENB.TO) pipeline, according to a company filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Phillips 66 said in a statement that the terminal's sale is part of its strategy to divest assets that do not fit with its long-term business objectives.
Houston, Texas-based Phillips recently sold its 185,000 barrel-per-day refinery in Trainer, Pennsylvania to Monroe Energy, LLC, a subsidiary of Delta Air Lines Inc (DAL.N).
Reporting by Selam Gebrekidan; Editing by Bob Burgdorfer and Gunna Dickson


text:
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Beavers try to sneak up and steal Magpies shiny treasure
sweets wrapped in shiny paper, chair
A blindfolded Beaver(Magpie) sits on a chair at one end of the room guarding its nest of treasure, a basket of shiny sweets !
The rest of the Colony sit at the other end of the hall, Leader chooses someone to creep forward to take a sweet, the Magpie has 3 chances to guess who is creeping and calls out their name. If correct the creeper must go back. If correct they Creeper becomes the Magpie, at the end of the game everyone gets a sweet. Be aware of nut allergies and any other food allergies.
Rainbow, Brownie, Guide and Senior Section leaders should visit Online Guide Manager.
© 2011, 2018 Online Youth Manager Ltd.


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Reserve Bank of India employees will be on a one day strike today, making it the first strike in the last 6 years.
The unions are opposing reforms in the sector and are fighting for better retirement benefits. This is the first strike in the tenure of the present RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan.
Several banking transactions are likely to be affected in view of the strike. These would include cheque clearance and foreign exchange. It is not certain whether the strike would be a prolonged one and what steps the concerned authorities would take to prevent the ones in the future.
The employees that are part of the four unions have applied for "mass casual leave".
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|Noritaka Adachi1,2,*, Shinta Saito1 and Aya Kurosawa1
|1Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
|2Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
|Corresponding Author :
|Noritaka Adachi
Graduate School of Nanobioscience
Yokohama City University
Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
Tel: 81-45-787-2228
Fax: 81-45-787-2228
E-mail: [email protected]
|Received December 26, 2013; Accepted December 27, 2013; Published December 30, 2013
|Citation: Adachi N, Saito S, Kurosawa A (2013) Repair of Accidental DNA Double- Strand Breaks in the Human Genome and Its Relevance to Vector DNA Integration. Gene Technology 3:e107. doi:10.4172/2329-6682.1000e107
|Copyright: © 2013 Adachi N, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Visit for more related articles at Gene Technology
|HR and NHEJ: Two Major Pathways for Repair of Chromosomal DNA Double-Strand Breaks
|Efficient repair of chromosomal DNA damage is crucial for cells to maintain genome integrity. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most severe type of DNA lesions that can be caused by various exogenous and endogenous mechanisms, such as ionizing radiation, reactive oxygen species, topoisomerase poisons, or replication errors [1]. DSBs, if left unrepaired or mis-repaired, lead to cell death or chromosomal aberrations [2,3]. Human cells have evolved two fundamentally different mechanisms for repairing chromosomal DSBs, homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) [4]. NHEJ not only repairs accidental (non-physiological) DSBs, but is also essential for rejoining physiological DSBs that arise in the process of V(D)J recombination in B and T lymphocytes and class switch recombination in mature B cells [3].
|A wide variety of proteins have been identified thus far that contribute to the HR and NHEJ machineries [5]. HR is a highly complicated process of DNA transaction, in which Rad51 protein plays an essential role in DNA strand exchange with the aid of several other proteins such as Rad54, Brca2, Rad52, and Rad51 paralogs [6,7]. For HR to occur, DSBs should be processed (i.e., end-resected) to produce a long 3'-overhang single-stranded DNA [8,9], and recent studies have identified a number of proteins involved in end resection or its regulation; among these, Mre11 and CtIP play essential roles in the initial step of end resection [9-11]. In contrast to HR, NHEJ is thought to be a rather simpler process that requires, at least biochemically, only four proteins (two protein complexes); specifically, Ku, a heterodimer of Ku70 and Ku80, initiates an NHEJ reaction by binding to the ends of a DSB, and the DNA ligase complex composed of Xrcc4 and Ligase IV (Lig4) seals the ends to complete repair [3]. In most cases, however, many other proteins do participate in NHEJ-mediated repair to trim the DSB ends, which are typically non-ligatable or non-compatible. These additional NHEJ factors involve DNA-PKcs, Artemis, XLF, and DNA polymerase μ/λ; DNA-PKcs and Artemis have evolved in higher eukaryotes and do not exist in yeasts [3,12]. In addition to the classical pathway of NHEJ, recent evidence indicates the existence of a more error-prone mechanism of NHEJ called alternative endjoining that plays a role in DSB repair [3,13]. Alternative end-joining is Ku/Lig4 independent and the precise mechanism remains largely unclear, although PARP1, Ligase III, and several factors involved in end resection (to initiate HR) have been implicated in DSB repair via alternative end-joining [14-16].
|Which DSB repair pathway is beneficial for cells to preserve genome integrity? NHEJ (the classical NHEJ pathway) repairs broken DNA ends with little or no homology and is often associated with nucleotide loss, whereas HR allows for accurate repair of DSBs with the use of homologous DNA sequence, usually located on a sister chromatid [3,4,12]. Such difference in accuracy between the two pathways, however, does not mean that HR is superior to NHEJ in maintaining integrity of human genomes, which contain lots of repetitive DNA sequences [4]. For example, an HR reaction between Alu sequences in a cell would cause deleterious consequences and hence must be prohibited [17,18]. Thus, human somatic cells preferentially use NHEJ to repair accidental DSBs; in particular, in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, DSB repair is only performed by NHEJ, and HR is inert. Both NHEJ and HR can work, however, in S to G2 phases when DNA replication has been completed and the sister chromatid is available [19]. Thus, how and which pathway is chosen for repair of a DSB(s) has been a critical issue in the DNA repair field, and there has been a debate [4]. Recent evidence suggests that Ku-bound DSBs, where end resection does not occur, are directed to NHEJ, while end-resected DSBs, to which Ku cannot bind, are channeled to HR (or alternative end-joining) [20-24]. Thus, in addition to the end binding protein Ku, various factors that regulate end resection are involved in DSB repair pathway choice [16,25-30]. Apparently, the type of DSB is also a determinant of pathway choice [31,32]; for example, replication-associated one-ended DSBs are preferentially repaired by HR, while topoisomerase II-mediated DSBs are almost exclusively repaired by NHEJ [33,34]. Interestingly, however, it appears that cells do not always choose a proper pathway to deal with induced DSBs. In fact, absence of NHEJ gives a growth advantage to cells accumulating replication-associated DSBs [34,35], although this may simply reflect the fact that NHEJ is basically the first choice to repair any type of those DSBs that naturally allow Ku-binding [4].
|Impact of DSB Repair Deficiency on Targeted and Random Integration
|Gene targeting via HR provides the definitive tool in analyzing gene function. For gene targeting to be successfully achieved, the target genome sequence should be replaced with the vector DNA (i.e., targeting vector), not with the sister chromatid. The principal limitation of conventional gene-targeting technology is the extremely low efficiency of HR-mediated targeted integration, which occurs at least 2-3 orders of magnitude less frequently than random integration [36], as depicted in Figure 1A.
|Random integration is a phenomenon in which a transfected DNA molecule(s) are inserted into (random sites of) the host genome via non-homologous recombination. It has been generally assumed that random integration results from the repair of spontaneous chromosomal DSBs caused by endogenous factors. Indeed, we have recently shown that DNA topoisomerase IIα and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are such endogenous factors responsible for causing DNA damage that leads to random integration of transfected DNA in human cells [37]. Transient inhibition of topoisomerase IIα significantly increases random integration [38]; conversely, siRNA-mediated knockdown of topoisomerase IIα reduces random integration [37]. Cells continuously cultured under 3% oxygen conditions after DNA transfection display reduced random-integration frequency compared to that under 21% oxygen conditions [37], although the gene-targeting efficiency was little affected by the low-oxygen culture condition (our unpublished observations).
|Loss of NHEJ in lower eukaryotes results in significantly reduced or no random integration events, and thus, as high as 100% gene-targeting efficiency can be achieved by inactivating NHEJ (for example, [39]). In human somatic cells, however, suppression of NHEJ does not result in decreased random-integration frequency, although the efficiency of gene targeting can be increased [40] (Figure 1B-D). These findings clearly indicate that NHEJ is not the sole mechanism of random integration in human somatic cells, and suggest the contribution of alternative end-joining to the residual random integration events by non-homologous recombination. Intriguingly, unlike vectors with no or shorter homology arms, integration frequency of targeting vectors with long homology arms was not affected by LIG4 deficiency [40] (Figure 1B, C; data not shown). It could be that in the absence of NHEJ, homology arms of the targeting vector served to prevent marker gene loss caused by large deletion (chew-back); however, as these homology arms contain a number of Alu elements, it is more likely that homology arms serve to trigger random integration in an NHEJ-independent fashion. Earlier studies using rodent cell lines, along with the fact that alternative end-joining favors micro-homologies, strongly support this idea [13,41,42].
|Elimination of the HR protein Rad54 resulted in significantly reduced gene-targeting efficiency in human cells (Figure 1D), a finding consistent with previous reports using rodent and avian cell mutants [43,44]. Intriguingly, random-integration frequency was more than fivefold higher in RAD54-null cells than in their wild-type counterparts, implying that the observed reduction of gene-targeting efficiency in the absence of Rad54 is due, at least in part, to an unexpectedly increased random-integration frequency. Similar observations were made with mutant cell lines deficient in MUS81 and/or FANCB, genes implicated in HR [45,46] (Figure 1B-D). It is also important to note that the increased random-integration frequency associated with HR deficiency was suppressed by an additional loss of NHEJ, and this suppression was less pronounced when targeting vectors were used (Figure 1B,C). These data further support the aforementioned idea that random-integration frequency is substantially influenced by homologous sequences present in the vector, and that these DNA sequences may serve to trigger NHEJindependent, homology-based random integration. Thus, effective suppression of this mechanism will be a promising approach to reduce random integration events after targeting-vector transfection.
|Despite the rapid progress on artificial nucleases (i.e., ZFN, TALEN, or CRISPR-based system) and their effective applications to targeted gene inactivation in various species [47], HR-mediated gene targeting (knock-in as well as knockout) without the use of artificial nucleases still provides an indispensable technique that must be further developed in the context of human-derived cells, as artificial nucleases are capable of causing DNA lesions that lead to deleterious off-target mutations [48-50]. It is expected that deciphering the molecular mechanism of random integration in terms of vector DNA sequence and precise DSB repair mechanisms will help improve human somatic cell gene targeting, for example, by developing a targeting vector that is most suitable for reducing random integrants.
|Figure 1


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Close Castles
by Sirvo
For: pc
about Sirvo
Sirvo is the company that Asher Vollmer uses to make independent games with his extremely talented friends. Sirvo makes highly polished, minimalist games that you can play forever.
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Spain sets limits on emissions of VOCs
The Spanish government has approved a decree limiting emissions of volatile organic compounds from industrial use of solvents under the framework of a law passed last June (EED 18/06/02). The new regulations affect a wide range of industrial processes. Emissions limits have to be complied with immediately by new installations and within a prescribed period by existing ones. The regional authorities will be responsible for ensuring that operators supply emissions data at least annually. See press release.
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Iman Ben Chaibah (@ImanBenChaibah)
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December was full of achievements for Sail, ensuring 2014 ends with a thunder and confirming how successful it has been for us! It started with me receiving the Arab Woman Award in the Literature category, for all the work and efforts that has been put towards Sail to develop the literature scene in the UAE. I can't even put into words how much this award meant for Sail and for me personally – to get recognized not only for the work, not only for the idea as our previous awards, but now also for the achievements in the literature scene, which is exactly our goal in Sail.
Receiving all these awards this year has proved that hard work does pay, that you don't need to pretend to be someone you're not or go against your values to get the recognition, and that noble causes do get the attention from those who matter. And most importantly, what it really means, is that you need to persistently work hard. You can't just stop at the first few roadblocks, because if you want to break grounds and pave a new path, then there will always be many roadblocks. Otherwise, everyone else would have already been on that path!
Our second milestone that we achieved in December is publishing our first digital book through our newly established publishing house of digital books and magazines. The book titled "Alayah", written by Alia AlShamsi and illustrated by Hedaya Al Rahma (@hudhuds), is a children's illustrated book about the story of Alayah and the sand in her hair. The book sheds light on the children's ethnic roots, how they accept them, and how they grow up distant from those origins. It is targeted towards 2-6 years olds. You can find the book "Alayah" on Kindle through this link, and on iBooks through this link. If you have problems downloading the book on iBooks or this was your first digital book to download, you will find the steps here.
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Sharing emotions are often perceived as vulnerable and weak; however her column "Crack the Core Code" will plant seeds of bravery in sharing the truth in its stripped down core through digestible, yet impactful anecdotes.
I hope you have also ended 2014 on a high note, checked off as many goals off your list as you could. And now, I hope you have had the time to relax a little, reflect on everything achieved or not achieved in 2014, and brainstormed on what you'd like to achieve in 2015. Although some may argue against New Year's resolutions, I'm not with or against it. One thing is for sure though – you need to set timed goals for yourself, and you need to make the time to reflect on them and measure them every now and then. If you choose not to have it on the New Year, then you can have it on your birthday or any other date you choose, but you must force that habit of goals planning and achievement reflection sometime each year.
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Hats off to our incredible editorial team: Dhabya AlMuhairi and Deena Rashid. Enjoy our reads, and don't forget to check out the inspired artworks by our talented creative team: Dana AlAttar, Hayat AlHassan, Marwa Fuad, led by Maryam Zainal.
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