text:
If you\'re just starting to figure out how to play guitar, it might seem nearly impossible. The best route is to either try to find a teacher, or to use the internet to teach yourself. The most effective method is to combine the two. Understand that there are definitely good things and bad things about each choice.
Perhaps you decide that you want to someone to teach you how to play. It\'s important to find someone that you like, and encourages you to practice your instrument. There are some people out there that will just want to show off, which will probably only discourage you. Find a teacher that makes you extremely passionate to play, you will most likely be driven to practice as hard as you can.
Of course, there are pros and cons when learning with a guitar teacher. First of all, it\'s a lot more expensive than teaching yourself. However, it may be well worth the price, as a professional will be able to point out any bad habits you may be developing and guide you in the right direction. Sometimes it can be damaging to try and teach yourself, since you might try to take on a piece that\'s way above your skill level, destroying your confidence and making you abandon the instrument.
Though, teaching yourself isn\'t a bad option, and there are tons of websites on the internet that will help you out. If you search for lessons for beginners online, there will be literally hundreds, if not thousands of sites that will offer their services.
Luckily for you, guitar is one of the most popular instruments out there, so finding sites with lots of information will be easier than say, the bassoon.
When teaching yourself, make sure you go slow and try to understand what you are doing. Start by learning a few easy chords, like D, C, and A, and practice chord changes until you are comfortable enough to learn more. Learn some basic scales, and try to start by learning a few basic songs. Try to read a bit on theory, as understanding how music works will greatly improve your progress.
Make sure that you get plenty of practice in, since the more practice you get, the better you\'ll get at the guitar. People begin to enjoy things more when they see tangible improvement. Figuring out how to play the guitar is rather simple, so jump right in and try your best. Make sure to practice as often as you can.
You can easily learn how to play guitar today with the knowledge we\'re about to tell you! Let us tell you more on this topic today. Http://www.how-to-play-guitar.us


text:
Top Two Star Hotels In Thekkady In 2016-2017
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text: November 7, 2016Famous $20 Lunch: Spring Lamb Posted By : Liv/ 0 comments / Under : Famous $20 Lunch This November, our Famous $20 Lunch is this delicious dish of Spring lamb fillet with honeyed pumpkin puree, crushed baby peas and mint pesto. It's available lunch times, Sunday to Friday throughout November. Share This : Tags :


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Unprotected lovemaking puts lovers at health risks due to the prevalence of diseases as a result of infidelity among partners most times.
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text:
The Laufás turf house in Eyjafjörður is a must visit while travelling in North Iceland.
I love these old turf houses, they are so typical Icelandic in my opinion. My grandmother was born in a turf house, so it is not so long ago that turf houses were inhabited here in Iceland. Times have changed, for sure.
Laufásturf house now belongs to the National Museum of Iceland and is run by the Akureyri Museum. Laufás is bigger than the normal turf houses though as it was a manor and a wealthy vicarage.
Up to 20-30 people were living here at Laufás, including domestics. The furnishing inside is from ca 1900 and shows how Icelanders were living at that time.
Laufás was mentioned in the records from the Settlement of Iceland way back in 874-930. It was rebuilt when Rev. Björn Halldórsson resided at Laufás in 1853-1882.
Laufás was a wealthy farm by Icelandic standards. The last minister lived at Laufás until 1936 when he moved into a newer vicarage.
When I last visited Laufás a tourist had stopped his car in the middle of the road above Laufás, and ran out and took photos left and right. What he didn't know was that if he had driven just a a short distance ahead there he would find a parking lot and the entrance to Laufás.
I guess he was just so excited about seeing such old turf houses from the road :)
There has been a church at Laufás since early Christianity in Iceland. The present church at Laufás was built in 1865 and was dedicated to the Apostle Paul in Catholicism.
In the church you will see a very decorative pulpit from 1698. And I love the christening font, it was all lit up in the sunlight when I visited the church, ever so lovely.
The church is open and you can go inside and have a look around.
Laufásis open in the summer months from 9am-9pm.
Laufás is close to the village Grenivík on road 83, 30 km away from Akureyri. Coming from Akureyri get off ring-road 1 before you drive up on the mountain to Víkurskarð. Laufásis located at 65° 53,639'N, 18° 4,344'W. To reach this area you can rent a car either in Reykjavík or in Akureyri.
This is my last travel-blog in the Eyjafjörður series of travel-blog. It is by all means not a complete guide to Eyjafjörður, only a few places I find very interesting to visit in this longest fjord of Iceland.


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I have been using the Sea Infused Herbal Moisturizer from OZ Naturals for about a week now, and I'm really happy with the results. It is great for a lightweight daily moisturizer, it is non-greasy, absorbs well and left my skin feeling hydrated.
This product is cruelty-free, organic and contains no alcohol, parabens, or sulfates, so it is safe for all skin types, even sensitive skin like mine.I also like that this product comes in a tube so it's easier to control the product and the application isn't messy.
I have tried many products from OZ Naturals, and they never seem to disappoint!
You can find more about this product on Amazon @ OZ Naturals Sea Infused Herbal Moisturizer
Disclosure: I did receive this item free for review purposes however, all opinions are my own


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Info concerning Florida Metropolitan University pharmacy tech program, and registering for discussion sections. Which college degrees give you the best chances of finding employment after graduation? You can enter nursing with either an associates degree or BSN. As a licensed vocational nurse (LVN), you may provide patient care under the supervision of a registered nurse (RN). Concentrating on Florida Metropolitan University pharmacy tech program, for example, you may gain an advantage in job recruiting on-campus. Check with the pharmacy department for course registration deadlines, and pharmacy technician program requirements. Please use the form above to request admissions info for Florida Metropolitan University.
Typically, clinical trials compare a new pharmaceutical drug or therapy with another that already exists in order to determine if the new drug is more effective. In some studies, participants may be assigned to receive a placebo, usually a sugar pill. In double-blind experimental research trials, the participants are not informed about which medicine is being used. Double-blind studies are specifically designed to prevent both patients and scientists on the research team from influencing results. This ensures more scientifically-conclusive results for pharmaceutical companies.
Most clinical research studies pose the risk of physical discomfort, although some participants experience complications that require medical attention. In rare cases, participants have been seriously injured or have died resulting from their ingestion of experimental pharmaceutical preparations. The specific risks associated with a research protocol are described in detail in the informed consent document. Also, a member of the medical research team must explain the major risks of participating in a pharmacy study. Beyond major requirements within the pharmacy department, you may consider College of the Ouachitas oceanography classes as a complementary elective to your primary course of study.
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Grief Songs
View Single Post
July 18th, 2008, 06:27 AM
Platinum Supermommy
Join Date: Aug 2004
Location: Indiana
Posts: 9,769
Hello, Goodbye
By Michael W. Smith
Home Free
By Wayne Watson
A Place Nearby
by Lene Marlin
By Sting
By VNV Nation
Me To Life
by Evanescence
Borrowed Angels
By Kristin Chenowith
Better Days
By The GooGoo Dolls
Find Your Wings
By Mark Harris
Gone Without Goodbye
By Brian Littrell
Can you Hear Me when I Talk to you?
By Ashley Gearing
Somewhere out There
By James Ingram and Linda Ronstadt
By Celine Dion
Oh Very Young
By Cat Stevens
Candle on the Water
By Helen Reddy
Tears in Heaven
by Eric Clapton
All my Tears
by Selah
League of Angels
by Carolee Mayne
The Voice
by Celtic Women
Slipped Away
By Avril Lavigne
Bridge over troubled Water
By Simon and Garfunkel
Broken Wings
by Gracies Café
By The Dixie Chicks
Return to Pooh Corner
by Kenny Loggins
Some Children see Him
by James Taylor
Streets of Heaven
by Sherrie Austin
Precious Child
by Karen Taylor-good
by Mercy Me
Calling All Angels
by Train
Dancing with the Angels
by Monk and Neagle
Down in the River to Pray
by Alison Krauss
Goodbye Baby
by Fleetwood Mac
Goodnight My Angel
by Billy Joel
Jesus has a Rocking Chair
By The Greenes
All the Pretty Ponies
By Kenny Loggins
I am Your Child
By Barry Manilow
I can only Imagine
By Mercy Me
I Cried for You
By Katie Melua
I Grieve
By Peter Gabriel
I'll Still Love You
By Deestylistic
I Would Have Loved You Anyway
By Trisha Yearwood
I'll Be There
By The Escape Club
I'll Fly Away
By Jars Of Clay
In Better Hands Now
By Natalie Grant
I'm Your Angel
By Celine Dion
If Everyone Cared
By Nickelback
In The Sweet By And By
By Dolly Parton
Keep Me In Your Heart
By Warren Zevon
By U2
Life Ain't Always Beautiful Lyrics
By Gary Allan
Love is Not Enough
JoDee Messina
Mark's Song
By EastMountainSouth
My Heart Will Fly
By Mercy Me
Our FareWell
By Within Temptation
Somewhere Over The Rainbow
By Israel Kamakawiwo Ole
Not Home Yet
by Steven Curtis Chapman.
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text:
Too cute! Love how the pink pops against the chocolate!
Yay...it is yummy!!!
so lovely! What a great accessory!
very cute! I love strawberries.. yummy!!!!
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AWW, It's so cute!!! I have mine hanging off my speedy right now!
That is SO cute!!!!!!!!
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congrats! it's really cute!
TOO cute!!! I think I may need to get this one!
Very cute, looks great on you bag!
I love that charm! It look so great on your bag!


text:
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Pathfinder Module: Down the Blighted Path (PFRPG)
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It Runs in the Family!
More than a hundred years ago, Delbera Axebringer—a mighty warrior and dwarven leader—slew the necromancer Audalot Karexin, but spared his young apprentice Zohir. In the ensuing decades, the bitter survivor brooded and plotted her revenge. Now, descendants of the Axebringer clan are vanishing, dragged screaming into the darkness by the animated bodies of their fallen kin. The Axebringers and their hometown of Davarn need heroes to break this family curse. What mysteries lie sealed within Delbera Axebringer's ancient abandoned fortress? And what challenges lurk along the Blighted Path winding through the Darklands beneath Golarion's surface?
"Down the Blighted Path" is a deluxe adventure for 5th-level characters, and includes 64 action-packed pages of exciting battles, supernatural mysteries, and monstrous foes, plus a gorgeous double-sided poster map featuring an overview of the dwarven trading post of Davarn and a miniatures-scale battlemap! The author of this adventure, Monica Marlowe, was the winner of the 2015 RPG Superstar contest, in which hundreds of unpublished authors competed for the chance to write a Pathfinder Module. In addition to her adventure, this book contains a host of new monsters and magic items designed by the contest's runners-up.
Players can expect to reach 7th level upon completion of this adventure—if they can survive its deadly haunts, Darklands horrors, and furious villains both living and undead!
Down the Blighted Path is sanctioned for use in Pathfinder Society Organized Play. The rules for running this Adventure Path and Chronicle sheet are available as a free download (418 kb zip/PDF).
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text: "Martin, Gary G" wrote: > > Okay, I'm going to beat this horse some more.. S4/200 I5 engine. Which > thermostat, 87C or 80C. I know this has been discussed before. Looking at > Bently it refers in several places to "bring engine to operating temp of > 80C" and then in the coolant section states " thermostat opens at 87C and > closes?? at 102C". Bad wording there, I think they mean it's totally open at > 102C. I know from prior discussions that S4 seems to have some 80, some 87. My UrS6 came with the 80°C one. I replaced it with the 87°C. > Does anybody know for sure which is correct and/or does it make any > difference? Your FINAL answer please. :-) Yes, I do. I have FINALLY stopped freezing my a$$ in the winter. :-) -- Igor Kessel '97 S6, PA plate "KBATTPO" '98 A4, PA plate "KBATPO"


text: I know, seems stupid, since my husband does acupuncture. But yrs ago, I cried during one of the sessions and he said it was a bad sign during acupuncture and I could go into acu-shock. I asked him a yr later, then two yrs later ... asked again about six mo's ago. Nope. (t's been at least 8 yrs now since that happened.) Fine, I'm a big girl. I can look up different acupuncturists. I found one only 3 mi away, right next to our veterinarian. I filled out a history form, met him, (very nice, been in practice forever, heavy accent, though, a bit hard to understand) and he immediately told me to stick out my tongue. Huh? I went in for stress, and to speed up the healing of my pulled hamstring and piriformis syndrome. So I stuck out my tongue and he said, "You have stomach problems?" Yes, actually, I've had a stomach ache and diarrhea all week ... He said my chi was low and he could work on that and he put me in a room right then and there. Didn't even faze him that my husband had problems with-me crying. Woo hoo! He put needless on the tops of my ears, back of my neck, midback, lower back, right INTO the piriformis area (boy, did I feel that one), down my left leg and on my ankle, oh, and between my thumbs and fingers, in the flesh part. He also put a heat lamp on me, which was a nice touch, because the room was chilly and I had my gown open in the back. (Do you ever get to an appointment and then think, uh-oh, what color underwear to I have on and does the dr even notice? lol.) He checked on me halfway through. At first, I was nauseated and dizzy, but after about 30 seconds it passed. It took me awhile to relax, and then I had a nice nap. Fine by me! I go again Thur and will go twice a wk for awhile. by the way, I started sitting a couple months ago, so I know I am improving. I had a special wooden shelf made by a friend, for my computer monitor and I stood for well over a yr-and-a-half. But I am getting impatient now. I want to go horseback riding, and ice skating, and garden in the spring for more than 10 min. increments ... husband is going to be surprised and angry. I think I won't tell him right away ... hmmm. But it's my decision. I didh't go into shock, and I think it's better to have an objective, outside professional doing this anyway. Why stress out husband, thinking that I may have a horrid reaction? I'm doing both of us a favor. Oh, the dr also told me to eat much more spicy foods, and much less chocolate. Good grief, I look at ketchup and it makes me tear up. I'm starting with-cinnamon tea, and more pepper in my food.


text: David was the second king of Israel. This star is named after him and it is recognized by being a six pointed star. After the return of Israel to the land of ancient Israel, it was placed on the flag of Israel and has become a symbol of Israel and all things Zionist.


text:
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If you'd like to purchase or lease the 2017 Audi Q3 in Natick, MA, visit Audi Natick at 549 Worcester St., Natick, MA 01760 for a test-drive. We look forward to seeing our customers from Natick, MA, and throughout the Ashland, Dover and Wellesley areas.
*Based on 2017 EPA mileage estimates. Use for comparison purposes only. Your actual mileage will vary depending on how you drive and maintain your vehicle.


text: Oh man! Ad-blocking software has been detected! :'( This website is run by the community, for the community... and it needs advertisements in order to keep running. Blocking our ads means your killing our stats! Please disable your ad-block, or become a premium member to hide all advertisements and this notice. Hi guys, Looking at duel booting Windows 7 or XP on my Mac, Has anyone done this, any problems, or has anyone duel booted any Windows OS? The main reason for this is to run Virtual PC so I can set up a virtual network to aid my study work. I would be looking at installing a DC running 2003, and a Member server also running 2003, a client (Windows 7 or XP) and Exchange 2007. I do have two servers and a switch from work but I have no space to set them up, plus the other half cracks the whip and yells to clear that mess up! Anyway, my Mac has 4 GB of Ram and has around 150GB left in the drive with a 2.4Ghz Processor. Will this be adequate to handle the load of the install? Cheers, Mark


text:
first edition Hardcover
by Lewis, Sinclair
Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1927. First Edition. Hardcover. Good/Good. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1927. First edition, second state with the "G" binding. Hardcover. 432 pp. Very good, in a good unclipped jacket. Light edge wear with prior owner's name and some inventory notes from a previous bookseller on the front free endpaper. A few corners turned, straightened. Jacket chipped and torn with loss to the spine ends. Tears internally repaired with tape. Rear panel creased with soil. (Inventory #: 044765)


text:
Wire cutters will hold its, begin polizunchiki
Ah and dis'n loverly you have there, here is Shelton dash: Lucky
Kingdom most Dogs Shelton
Posts 41 to 60 of 141
Share41Aug 5 2015 17:28:56
Share42Aug 5 2015 23:54:57
Share44Aug 6 2015 12:08:32
Today us 3 month)
Share45Aug 6 2015 12:44:34
Today us 3 month)
I congratulate
Share46Aug 6 2015 22:46:09
Congratulations a baby brother with mini-dnyushey!
Share47Aug 7 2015 09:49:17
Congratulations to with Dnyushkoy!
It is a watchdog a remarkable, Hackus.
Share48Aug 7 2015 11:40:13
With small... Happy Birthday
Share49Aug 7 2015 11:53:56
With small Dnem Alekseei
Thank you large!
Share50Aug 11 2015 00:17:31
Share51Aug 11 2015 08:20:32
But as Shelton to water applies? Swim tried to?
Share52Aug 11 2015 11:57:51
Swim not tried to, but water not fears. Freely goes on chest and something searching for there under water) Yes and in sauna when homes go... I go, he same always on top and churchgoers, case will blast through in shower and me under souls runs, tries to a jet of cleft palate to capture) I would his atoning for, but this summer have us cold and water not hot, so'm a little afraid.
Share53Aug 11 2015 12:37:21
Cool krepenkiy infant child))
Share54Aug 11 2015 13:24:02
Thank you! Strolls on hours 3 in day!
Share55Aug 25 2015 23:57:50
Share57Aug 30 2015 16:45:11
And in water for stick flies without taking any pressure)
of his!
Share59Sep 3 2015 07:10:54
's growing up a boy and such sureznyy, immediately in sight the guy is growing
Last edited by Ольга С (Sep 3 2015 07:12:25)
Share60Sep 8 2015 11:17:33
Yes, is growing! On weekends papermaking shop his with the herd sheep, the bellwether herd look at Shelton's team released and as let hoof Stamping, tried to lift the Shelton's team, but the in turn stand stood, and then At Chabysh 2005 and ran occupies and for him all a herd) Shelton, of course, was in of shock, ran there and let there all different hair conditioners)


text:
NY Towns & Cities Ignore A.G. Sessions, Adopt Illegal Alien Sanctuary Laws
(Judicial Watch) Weeks after the chief law enforcement official in New York State issued "legal guidance" to help municipalities provide sanctuary for illegal immigrants, nearly a dozen have followed through with the attorney general's order to skirt federal law. The goal, according to New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman, is to provide local governments with a tool to "protect their immigrant communities, regardless of new federal enforcement practices." Those that have followed Schneiderman's directive range from sleepy towns like Newburgh to larger cities such as Rochester as well as Albany, the state capital.
Schneiderman issued the decree in response to the Trump administration's proposed immigration enforcement policies. The document states that its purpose it to describe the legal landscape governing the participation of local authorities in immigration enforcement and to "assist local authorities that wish to become sanctuary jurisdictions by offering model language that can be used to enact local laws or policies that limit participation in immigration enforcement activities." Utilizing so-called "model language" has become a key tool for sanctuary cities, counties and states that want to avoid losing federal funds under new Trump administration measures that punish local governments for not cooperating with federal authorities. Just last month Judicial Watch reported on a California town that found a creative way to implement a stealth sanctuary policy with "model language" that avoids using certain trigger words.
New York stands out because it's the only state in which the top law enforcement authority, a veteran elected official, is actively encouraging and assisting local governments to violate the law. Some have faced resistance from citizens, though the majority have passed stealth sanctuary measures with little opposition since Schneiderman launched his campaign to protect illegal aliens in the Empire State…


text: Apple core pattern is stitched and quilted by hand.I used old and new velvet ,silk, 'meydaniye' (a kind of Turkish fabric), necktie.I love to use Japanese folded flowers garnished with beads. I also used ribbon work. I also made a patch necklace to complete my shawl using old metarial and fabric.It smells authentic,I think.


text:
Juhi Chawla and Shahrukh Khan have given us some of the most unforgettable and hit movies in the past. The cute pair has starred in movies like Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani, Raju ban Gaya Gentleman and Yes Boss. The pair was last seen in Amitabh Bachchan starrer Bhootnath where Shahrukh Khan did a cameo appearance.
King Khan, who was recently congratulated by Amitabh Bachchan for having four lakh followers, is quite active on his twitter page. About Juhi Chawla and his friend and director Aziz Mirza, he tweeted, "Last night, I was thinking of beautiful times I had made Yes Boss, Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman, Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani, missing Aziz & Juhi (sic)"
The trio shares such an easy relationship with each other that they had even started their own production house called Dreamz Unlimited, which produced movies like Phir bhi Dil Hai Hindustani and Chalte Chalte.
Well, with his own little kingdom on twitter, we sure want to see Juhi and Shahrukh revive their chemistry on screen again.


text:
Loading Map....
Date(s) - Mon 27 March
6:00 pm - 8:00 pm
Arts House Cafe
Monday 27th March
FILM: Pride
True story of Lesbian & Gay support group during the 1984/85 Miners Strike – this unlikely but successful alliance gave a new meaning to solidarity.Plus speaker who was active in a Miners Support Group
Please promote https://www.facebook.com/events/4128710724080762/
Truthout Cinema every Monday 6.00-8.00pm at the Arts House, 108A Stokes Croft, BS1 3RU.
Free entry but donations appreciated.
For details see www.theartshousecafe.org/cinema.html
"Like" us on facebook at "Truthout Cinema"


text:
economic crisis is heading south , umemployment will hit Singapore anytime now.
just curious to know what else will rise despite of bad market ahead
economic crisis is heading south , umemployment will hit Singapore anytime now.
just curious to know what else will rise despite of bad market ahead
blood pressure up. financial stress up. uncertainties up.
Medical, dental and conservancy charges. Depression will be on the rise too.
I'm here to learn.:flame:
I hope that it is not the number of suicides also up too.
Remember Mr Tan?
individual workload?
what's next ? your blood pressure rise !
This trend is not surprising. And this is what I notice. In a crisis like this....we should have expected this I guess. Luxury stuff will never go up at times like this... but if you own something that is a necessity like electricity, transportation, water, petrol, food items, medicine..etc. As much as you cut back on them...you KNOW you will still need to use them. So even if you cut back, the increment made up for reduction you put in place to cut your cost. So it is back to square one for these businesses and you are still paying more though you have cut. So I suspect you can expect anything that is still the practical necessity to be where all the increment to take place. So far...that is what's happening as I see it. Necessities are almost recession proof so if you control one...you are still going to weather thru with good profits. That's just me or am I paranoid hehehe
Last edited by sammy888; 7th October 2008 at 08:48 PM.
It's like less than a $1.50 raise a month. First in almost two decades or something?
I don't know if it's just me. But, it's really nothing thattt surprising? what's the hooha. And, overseas call would be much cheaper really soon too. Why isn't anyone complaining?
bus fare!
postage rate?
TV license?
passenger service charge at the airport will increase by some 30 per cent in January, from S$21 to S$28.
everything up...only rain drop
all increments seems to be in tandem with one another
in the light of all these increases.. the worst thing that i feel can happen is a wage cut or a wage freeze..
This is madness
Time to tighten belts and lock the cards away.
Price increase, expenditure power decreases, spend less.
Pay value lowers, motivation to work drops, productivity goes down
(how come they could state in papers pay across the board increase by 50%??? Can we trust those numbers?? Is it fast food part time pay increase? Last time per hour pay 2 dollar plus, now 5 dollars? )
Vicious cycle, repeat. We can't spend more to help economy when we spend more,
we end up with nothing and no more savings in bank.
electricity! - turn off whatever u dun use and buy energy efficient devices.
newspaper! - this is not a necessity... I have been living for years without them. Besides, there is free Today and My Paper and online papers from all over the world!
telephone! - Cut off your singtel line la... my home doesn't use one. Use handphone and only for necessary calls. If wanna chit chat with friends, meet them to chat.
hospitalisation? - Keep a healthy lifestyle and be careful so as to minimise this.
conservancy? - OK, this one no choice must pay.
water? - reduce and recycle as much as you can.
gas? - can also reduce... dun boil water for ages before adding in the food to cook. Using a pressure cooker can reduce cooking times by 80%!
GST? - This one also no choice...
postage rate? - Use email as much as is possible.
TV license? - Ok, this one no choice also unless you can live without TV.
The best photographer is one who is inspired by the innate nature of his subjects.
HAhahha.. Why are people stressed over a 10 dollar increase in fix lines? Like 83 cents per month?


text:
Sightmark Ghost Hunter 5x60 Night Vision Monocular
Product Details
- Sightmark
- Sightmark Ghost Hunter 5x60 Night Vision Monocular for Sale
- List Price: $268.99
- 10 new from $252.95
- 1 refurbished
Large Photo
The Sightmark Ghost Hunter Night Vision Monocular delivers high quality image and resolution to view any night time scenario. The monocular has a high powered infrared illuminator recommended for use in low-ambient light conditions or total darkness. This monocular can be purchased in a 2x24, 4x50, or 5x60 magnification to fit the users desired operational distance. The Sightmark Ghost Hunter Night Vision Monoculars feature a close observational range of focus, quick power-up and a Ľ inch socket for a tripod or weapons mount. Sightmark products are protected by Sightmark's Limited Lifetime Warranty. Sightmark-Make Your Mark!
Ratings and Reviews


text:
Skip to comments.FBI Opens Investigation Into Three Shootings in Northern Virginia
Posted on 10/26/2010 1:29:15 PM PDT by Palmetto Patriot
The FBI announced today that it has opened an investigation into three shootings that have occurred in Northern Virginia since October 17, 2010.
Investigative evidence has confirmed that shots fired at the National Museum of the Marine Corps in Triangle, Virginia, and the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, involved a single weapon. Ballistics testing is underway for an overnight shooting that took place on October 25 or October 26 at the Marine Corps Recruiting Station in Chantilly, Virginia.
The incident at the National Museum of the Marine Corps took place during the early morning hours on October 17, 2010. A similar incident occurred at approximately 5 a.m. on October 19, 2010, at the Pentagon after officers reported audible shots fired in the vicinity of the Pentagons south parking lot, which faces I-395.
No further information, including a potential weapon used or the caliber of the ammunition, will be released at this time to preserve the integrity of investigative efforts.
(Excerpt) Read more at washingtondc.fbi.gov ...
They'll probably find out it was one of the Muslims they took on a tour of their facilities.
Darn Amish
What is being shot?
Symbolic buildings.
You think Ayers has gone back to his old ways? /s
Bill Ayers = Amish Convert?
"Darn Amish"
Dat's raciss!
For all you know, it's a Mennonite.
On the border you got drugs, weapons, murder, slavery, abductions, sedition, espionage but THERE MUST be something that the FBI cares about... Where are THEY?...
Maybe they are afraid, you know COWARDS...
What IS their budget?..
Here is an example of FBI efforts on the border:
Project Deliverance
Fighting Cartels on the Southwest Border
The results of a nearly two-year multi-agency investigation targeting Mexican drug trafficking organizations in the U.S.especially along the Southwest borderwere announced today, and the numbers speak for themselves:
In addition to the arrest of more than 2,200 individuals on narcotics-related charges, there were significant seizures, including:
* $154 million in U.S. currency;
* More than 2,600 pounds of heroin and methamphetamine;
* More than 71 tons of cocaine and marijuana;
* And more than 500 weapons and 500 vehicles.
You never hear of any of that..
What commie has O'Biden put in charge of the FBI these days?..
I don't see that Vince Foster's shooting is among those to be reopened.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


text:
SuperAWOS - Automated Weather Observing System
A typical AWOS (Automated Weather Observing System) delivers information to meteorologists and airport authorities for meeting weather requirements, flight planning, and data collection.
The Southern Avionics SuperAWOS goes beyond the traditional AWOS by connecting directly to pilots and operators. The system provides air traffic services, runway condition updates and aircraft accident response to grant safe and reliable access to rural communities.
SuperAWOS is quick and easy to install, requires little to no maintenance by non-technical personnel, and operates on an average of $500 per year.


text:
It's On Us: Free Shipping. Free Returns.
Product 9/13
Crafted from rich piquet in pure cotton, the Krall Polo in classic white is detailed with a striped, ribbed polo collar in contrasting dusty pink. Designed for a tailored fit, this staple piece features the Westwood iconic double button collar, finished with a placket with three additional gum brown logo embossed buttons and the signature Orb emblem embroidered to the chest.
Shown here with: Linen Stripe Samurai Shorts and Tiger Head Slip On Trainers White


text:
In Email Sent to Recaps From Winalot:
Note To Recaps From Winalot:
New 1/4, 1/2, and 1 Dinar notes.
I believe these are new??? Please post and see if anyone can shoot em down!!!
Remarks along with this picture were "good days" "return good days"!! Winalot
Read More Link On Right
From Straight Talk Chat:
[dinarboat] Knock, Knock. Anyone in here see an RV?
[WINALOT] i just found pictures of the lower denoms!!!!!!!! 1/4, 1/2, and 1 dinar!!!!
[Shawnieb] WINALOT where did you see the photos?
[WINALOT] i sent to recaps... They should have posted shortly
[WINALOT] Shawnieb i found them online watch for them on recaps
[WINALOT] wheels the 1/2 dinar is tan….the new one
[wheels] WINALOT from what i have heard the lower notes were printed same time as the large, just not released
[WINALOT] wheels would not surprise me at all anyway... here's hoping I got it right! Lol ok... gotta run.... enjoy!! we gotta be close!!!
HMS Victory
9/29/2013 05:14:07 am
Impressive, nice find.
9/29/2013 05:28:38 am
I googled the photo and it came up as a bill used sometime around 1958/1959
9/29/2013 05:31:21 am
Are we sure this is not another old pic resurfacing again?
The Jim Jones Cult
9/29/2013 05:31:36 am
Well if they are really out then the dinar dealers should have them available to sell. My dealer knows nothing of them and stays on top of it.
9/29/2013 08:28:58 am
i just ordred a shipment of the smaller notes they was not there a few days ago but are there now
Karla Husby
9/29/2013 05:33:30 am
These look to be ND (1959) "Arms" Issue P-51, P-52, P-53
9/29/2013 05:40:51 am
GIFT TAX: Gift tax does not need to be paid unless you exceed your lifetime $5.2 million maximum. If you exceed the $5.2 million anything after that will be taxed at 40%. The gifter is the one that pays the tax not the receiver. "Look it up" there are differences between a gift and charitable contributions.
9/29/2013 07:37:27 am
This statement is incorrect!!!!! You can only gift up to $14,000 to each person annually without being taxed. DO NOT take tax advise from people online!!!!! (Even Me lol) Consult a professional!!!!!!
9/29/2013 12:24:04 pm
Butch00b said "lifetime $5.2 million". We know it's $14k annually, as you said, but what about the "lifetime" as Butch said?
9/29/2013 08:09:18 am
Winalot...please note that the signature is the same as the 1959 Arms ND - without the security thread (page 53a). However the creasts on the left & right side are different (vs. the circle). I don't believe they can possibly be the "new" LDs.
9/29/2013 07:46:25 am
Not so fast! Two weeks ago at a family barbecue my son invited a friend stationed at Camp Pendleton to join us. We had a great time in which his buddy who is a Marine and was deployed to Iraq gave my son a 1 dinar note and said: here is a souvenier it is worth about 3 bucks. Obviously a lower denom with a $3 plus value, We all got a good chuckle from that. It is real and the in country rv is real.
9/29/2013 10:17:15 am
I don't think these are real. We listened to the guru's talk about 3 languages for over 5 years. Where's the English?
9/29/2013 11:05:16 am
English wasnt one of the 3 ... arabic, kurdish and asserian were the three I believe
9/29/2013 10:46:24 am
does anyone see three languages on it ?
9/29/2013 01:20:27 pm
Iraq will NOT have english on its new currency.
Comments are closed.


text: Jake manages the development of labs and lab resources for the Academy. He has been a system administrator working with a wide variety of computing systems in large enterprise environments. A former army networking specialist, he has continued to work with networking, server builds, Linux administration, virtualization, application support, and programming. Tying these disciplines together has aided his work in integrating security in to IT systems engineering. Jake holds the Security+ and CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner (CASP) certifications.


text: The System 312: Arial (Part 2) December 10th, 2009 Raise your hand if you're surrounded by people who don't understand of the value you put into your work. If you liked this post, you might just like: The System 311: Arial!? The System 209 See More Posts About: Arial Bathroom Guy Design Desk Dude Helvetica Typography Comments: Rion Raise your hand if you can spell obvious. AngelicHapa Raise your hand if you can produce an amusing comic in 30 minutes while half asleep. *looks for Ross' hand* Val I'm studying Journalism and know EVERYTHING about typography, mwaahahahaha! And yes, Helvetica totally changed my life, too 🙂 dgriff13 a friend of mine lost her shit when Ikea changed the font in their catalogs. It was a big deal. And I AM a designer myself. rossmom Even I, who am certainly not a web designer, as I'm sure everyone knows by now, realizes that there is definitely a difference between Arial and Helvetica Noue. I mean how can anyone not see it? It's so very, very obvious! Arial is sooo much better! Soup *Raises hand* Hands up if you spent three days getting people to vote on colour options for a financial report, only to have then ask for a new layout. Never making the mistake of bringing democracy into the workplace again. rosscott Democracy has no place in design. Design has every place in democracy. Buy A Print of This Comic Image Link Code: http://www.systemcomic.com/comics/2009-12-10-arialpt2.gif A link to this post: Tweet StumbleUpon


text:
From eis.net products wiki
What is Filemaker Server Advanced?
FileMaker Server Advanced is an enhanced version of FileMaker Server that includes powerful web publishing and connectivity options to efficiently manage shared database solutions from desktop to the web.
FileMaker Server Advanced gives you easy-to use, yet powerful features that you can use to:
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- Web users see a familiar, intuitive FileMaker interface using only their Windows or Mac OS X browser.
- No additional software is required for the remote user.
- Protect your data with additional security features.
How much does Filemaker Server Advanced Hosting cost?


text:
NewsPro, a news trade magazine produced by the team behind TVWeek.com, has announced its "10 Most Powerful in TV Financial News" for 2010.
All three cable business networks–CNBC, Bloomberg and Fox Business–made the cut, as did a number of talent from the channels. CNBC's Maria Bartiromo and Jim Cramer are on the list, as are Bloomberg's Margaret Brennan and FBN's Neil Cavuto.
The broadcast networks were represented by PBS' "Nightly Business Report," CBS News correspondent Anthony Mason and legendary newsmagazine "60 Minutes:"
"60 Minutes" may not immediately come to mind when discussing the power players of business television, but upon analysis of many of its pieces, the weekly CBS news program packs a wallop.
In the past year, it has done at least 16 businessand economic-related stories. "60 Minutes" just recently scored two major "gets" of the most powerful people in their respective worlds, obtaining in-depth interviews with Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke and with Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg — neither of whom are known for talking to the press.


text:
Patrick Green
- 51 years old
- Date of birth: Mar 28, 1892
- Date of passing: Aug 3, 1943
|Let the memory of Patrick be with us forever
This memorial website was created in memory of our loved one, Patrick Green, 51, born on March 28, 1892 and passed away on August 3, 1943. We will remember him forever.
Memorial Tributes
"Happy heavenly birthday lots of love granddaughter maureen"
Leave a Tribute:
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to visit this memorial:
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text:
Yesterday I got an email telling me that the T-Mobile Mobile Wallet Service will end operations 1st of April. No successor service was announced.
To my knowledge, that means that there is currently NO mobile payment service that people can use.
Is that possible? In 2005? Where have all the billion euro investments into mobile payment gone?
Obviously, one of the reasons may be that merchants are not too keen on mobile payments. Why should they – despite the huge number of mobile phone users, all those potential customers do have ways to pay already.
So, where is mCommerce? Where are the mobile services that cry for payment? Surely there must be more than ticketing and ringtones…
Any ideas..? What do I miss?


text:
Download LogiMatch apk 1.2.0 free for Android smartphone
Posted by Keesing Media Group in Puzzle | Nov. 24, 2014 | 0 Comments
Apk file size: 22.0 MB
The addictive game by MegaStar Games! Are the cards a match or not? Use your logic skills to match the symbols. With each new level the challenge gets harder and faster.
Choose whether to play against the clock or opt for a more relaxed game without the pressure of time. The premium version offers more game options.
Download the free app now and start the fun.
Keesing Media Group part of our Puzzle and have average installs from 500 to 1000. Last Update Nov. 24, 2014. Google play rating is 95.0. Current verison is 1.2.0. Actual size 22.0 MB.


text:
- Shopping Home
- Just For Him
- Lino Belt
Lino Belt
Product Description
A repeating, train track inspired, geometric pattern covers the handmade leather Lino Belt. The patterns and colors in this piece make it a wonderful alternative to any solid-color belt. This belt is cut from a single piece of full-grain vegetable tanned leather so they will add color and personality to your every outfit, and will soften and last for years to come.
The belt starts with a thick piece of tooling leather and brand, paint and dyed before applying a protective wash to keep it safe from the elements. The thickness of the leather and the process that's used is designed to give pieces a much greater longevity.
This belt is available in five widths and seven sizes so you can get the belt and fit that is just right for you. Each of the belts has a removable buckle (there are snaps that hold it on) so it is easy to mix and match your belts and buckles.
A note about sizing: The measurements indicate the smallest and biggest holes on the belt, as measured from the end of the leather nearest the buckle. To get the best fit, measure your existing belt from the end of the leather to the hole that you use most. Choose the size with this measurement roughly in the middle of the size range.
Colors: Blue, orange and gray with an antique brown finish
This item is final sale and not eligible for return.
Product Reviews
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text: Right now I have a 5 LNB dish. I have 1 receiver downstairs and 3 receivers upstairs. I'd like to add a 4th receiver upstairs. I'm kind of a DIY'er and won't always have all 4 upstairs receivers activated at the same time, so I'm not really interested in calling DirecTV installation right now. Question is - can I just take the lines for the 3 upstairs receivers and tie them into a 3X4 multiswitch, resulting in 4 upstairs receives? Obviously, I'll have some wiring to do so that I can have all 3 original lines come together at a single point for the multiswitch. Asked another way, do the 3 lines that go into the multiswitch have to be certain ones, or can they just be any random 3 coming off the dish? Thanks very much in advance.. Oh..I'm considering a SWM solution too but don't feel like upgrading my receivers for the same reason mentioned above. Jeff


text:
Levetiracetam (LEV) is an antiepileptic drug with a unique but as yet not fully resolved mechanism of action. Therefore, by use of a simplified rat-isolated nerve-bouton preparation, we have investigated how LEV modulates glutamatergic transmission from mossy fiber terminals to hippocampal CA3 neurons. Action potential–evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) were recorded using a conventional whole-cell patch-clamp recording configuration in voltage-clamp mode. The antiepileptic drug phenytoin decreased glutamatergic eEPSCs in a concentration-dependent fashion by inhibiting voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channel currents. In contrast, LEV had no effect on eEPSCs or voltage-dependent Na+ or Ca2+ channel currents. Activation of presynaptic GABA type A (GABAA) receptors by muscimol induced presynaptic inhibition of eEPSCs, resulting from depolarization block. Low concentrations of Zn2+, which had no effect on eEPSCs, voltage-dependent Na+ or Ca2+ channel currents, or glutamate receptor–mediated whole cell currents, reduced the muscimol-induced presynaptic inhibition. LEV applied in the continuous presence of 1 µM muscimol and 1 µM Zn2+ reversed this Zn2+ modulation on eEPSCs. The antagonizing effect of LEV on Zn2+-induced presynaptic GABAA receptor inhibition was also observed with the Zn2+ chelators Ca-EDTA and RhodZin-3. Our results clearly show that LEV removes the Zn2+-induced suppression of GABAA-mediated presynaptic inhibition, resulting in a presynaptic decrease in glutamate-mediated excitatory transmission. Our results provide a novel mechanism by which LEV may inhibit neuronal activity.
The frequent persistence of seizures in patients with epilepsy treated with different dosing regimens of conventional antiepileptic drugs (Perucca et al., 2000, 2001) necessitates the development of better therapeutics. This may derive from an increased understanding of how current antiepileptic drugs work. Levetiracetam (LEV) is one such antiepileptic drug, used for the treatment of refractory partial epilepsy (Klitgaard, 2001). The precise mechanisms of its anticonvulsant effects are unclear. LEV does not directly inhibit glutamate receptors or voltage-dependent Na+ channels, nor does it potentiate GABA type A (GABAA) receptors; thus, its clinical effects cannot be attributed to any of the three common mechanisms of anticonvulsant drugs (Birnstiel et al., 1997; Klitgaard, 2001). Variable effects on synaptic transmission at hippocampal synapses have been reported, ranging from nil to modest effects on low-frequency responses (Birnstiel et al., 1997; Lee et al., 2009), through to a gradual decrease in the amplitude of excitatory potentials evoked by long stimulus trains (Meehan et al., 2011).
The present study was designed to further clarify the effects of LEV on excitatory transmission at synapses between mossy fibers and CA3 neurons. Aberrant sprouting of mossy fibers is a key feature of temporal lobe epilepsy and results in recurrent excitation of dentate granule cells and additional innervation of CA3 neurons (Represa and Ben-Ari, 1992; Suzuki et al., 1997; Houser et al., 2012). The mossy fiber–CA3 synapses examined here are important model synapses for the enhanced excitability of the hippocampus in temporary lobe epilepsy and are suitable targets for investigating actions of anticonvulsant medications. We focused on how anticonvulsants interacted with physiologic modulators, whose effects can be difficult to quantify with in vitro slice preparations and are frequently not specifically investigated. Zn2+ is an endogenous modulator of neuronal excitability that is at particularly high levels at mossy fiber synapses, with released Zn2+ able to modulate both glutamate and GABAA receptors (Sensi et al., 2009). Both Zn2+-containing mossy fiber terminals and GABAergic transmission show significant changes in the epileptic brain (Coulter, 1999, 2000; Rigo et al., 2002), making them important neuromodulators to consider when investigating anticonvulsant drug actions.
We have established a method for isolation of single nerve cells with functional synaptic-boutons adherent, using an enzyme-free mechanical dissociation procedure (Akaike et al., 2002; Akaike and Moorhouse, 2003). This "synaptic bouton" preparation has the advantages of examining modulation of synaptic transmission in single neurons isolated from surrounding neurons and glia, enabling us to better evaluate the locus of action of various drugs at the single synapse level. Furthermore, we can simultaneously quantify presynaptic and postsynaptic aspects of neurotransmission by measuring the synaptic current amplitude, the synaptic transmission failure rate (Rf), and the paired-pulse ratio (PPR) of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs).
We used this synaptic bouton preparation to examine the mechanism of action of LEV, comparing this to another well-studied antiepileptic drug, phenytoin. We report a novel site of LEV action involving inhibition of Zn2+-dependent GABA-induced presynaptic modulation. LEV had a similar effect on GABAA receptor modulation as obtained with the Zn2+ chelators Ca-EDTA and RhodZin-3.
Materials and Methods
Mechanical Dissociation of Hippocampal CA3 Neurons
All experiments were performed in accordance with the Guiding Principles for Care and Use of Animals in the Field of Physiologic Sciences of The Physiologic Society of Japan and were approved by the ethics committee of Kumamoto Health Science University. Wistar rats (11−26 days old, both male and female) were decapitated under pentobarbital anesthesia (50 mg/kg i.p.). The brain was quickly removed and immersed in an ice-cold incubation medium (see below) saturated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. The hippocampal slices at a thickness of 400 µm were prepared using a vibrating microtome (VR 1200S; Leica, Nussloch, Germany) and then incubated in medium oxygenated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 at room temperature (21−24°C) for at least 1 hour before mechanical dissociation. For mechanical dissociation, slices were transferred into a 35-mm culture dish (Primaria 3801; Becton Dickinson, Rutherford, NJ) containing the standard external solution (see below), and the CA3 region was identified under a binocular microscope (SMZ345; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Details of the mechanical dissociation procedure have been described previously (Akaike et al., 2002; Akaike and Moorhouse, 2003). In brief, mechanical dissociation was accomplished with a fire-polished glass pipette coupled to a vibration device (S1-10 cell isolator; K.T. Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan). The tip of the glass pipette was lightly placed on the surface of the CA3 region and vibrated horizontally (0.2−2.0 mm displacement) at ~50 Hz. Thereafter, the slices were removed from the dish and the mechanically dissociated neurons were left to settle and adhere to the bottom of the dish for at least 15 minutes.
Electrophysiologic Measurements
All recordings were obtained from the soma of CA3 pyramidal neurons using conventional whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in voltage-clamp mode. Glutamatergic eEPSCs were recorded at a holding potential (VH) of −65 mV, while voltage-dependent Na+ channel currents (INa) and high-threshold Ca2+ channel currents (IBa) were recorded at VH values of −70 mV and −60 mV, respectively (Multiclamp 700B; Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA) (Wakita et al., 2012). All experiments were performed at room temperature (21−24°C).
Patch pipettes were made from borosilicate capillary glass by a vertical pipette puller (PC-10; Narishige, Tokyo, Japan). The resistance of the recording pipettes filled with the internal (patch pipette) solution (see below) was 3–6 MΩ. Isolated neurons were observed under phase contrast on an inverted microscope (Diapot; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Current and voltage were continuously monitored on an oscilloscope (DCS-7040; Kenwood, Melrose, MA). All membrane currents were filtered at 3 kHz (E-3201A Decade Filter; NF Electronic Instruments, Tokyo, Japan), and stored on a computer using pCLAMP 10.2 (Axon Instruments, Foster City, CA). Five-millivolt hyperpolarizing step pulses (30-millisecond duration) were used to monitor the access resistance, and if this changed by more than 20%, the recordings were rejected.
Paired-Pulse Focal Electrical Stimulation of Single Glutamatergic Boutons Using θ Glass Pipettes
Focal electrical stimulation of a single bouton adherent to mechanically dissociated central nervous system neurons has been described previously (Akaike et al., 2002; Akaike and Moorhouse, 2003). The stimulating pipette was made from a glass tube and filled with the standard external solution (see below). The stimulating electrode was placed as close as possible to the soma of a single CA3 neuron from which a whole-cell recording had been successfully obtained. The stimulating pipette was then carefully moved along the surface membrane of the soma and proximal dendrites, while applying stimulus pulses and monitoring for an evoked response. Responses were evoked using a paired-pulse stimulus protocol, with each stimulus pulse of 100-µs duration and of the same intensity, applied at a frequency of 0.2 Hz, using a stimulus isolator (SS-202 J; Nihon Koden, Tokyo, Japan). The stimulus intensity was 0.05−0.09 mA, and the interstimulus interval was 20 or 30 milliseconds. As the stimulation pipette was moved, glutamate-gated synaptic inward currents (eEPSCs) appeared in an all-or-none fashion, indicating that the stimulating pipette was positioned just above a single glutamatergic bouton.
The ionic composition of the incubation medium was 124 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 1.2 mM KH2PO4, 24 mM NaHCO3, 2.4 mM CaCl2, 1.3 mM MgSO4, and 10 mM glucose saturated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. The pH was adjusted to 7.4. The standard external solution used for recordings contained 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2, 10 mM glucose, and 10 mM HEPES. The modified external solutions for recording INa contained 60 mM NaCl, 100 mM choline-Cl, 10 mM CsCl, 10 mM glucose, 0.01 mM LaCl3, 5 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA)-Cl, and 10 mM HEPES, and for IBa contained 145 mM choline-Cl, 5 mM CsCl, 5 mM BaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2, 10 mM glucose, and 10 mM HEPES. All external solutions were adjusted to a pH of 7.4 using Tris-base. The composition of the internal pipette solution for glutamatergic EPSCs was 5 mM CsCl, 135 mM CsF, 5 mM TEA-Cl, 2 mM EGTA, 10 mM HEPES, and 5 mM 2-([2,6-dimethylphenyl]amino)-N,N,N-triethyl-2-oxoethanaminium (QX-314) bromide. The internal pipette solution for INa measurements was 105 mM CsF, 30 mM NaF, 5 mM CsCl, 5 mM TEA-Cl, 2 mM EGTA, 10 mM HEPES, and 2 mM ATP-magnesium salt (ATP-Mg), and for IBa, the solution was 80 mM Cs-methanesulfonate, 60 mM CsCl, 5 mM TEA-Cl, 2 mM EGTA, 10 mM HEPES, and 2 mM ATP-Mg. All pipette (internal) solutions were adjusted to pH 7.2 with Tris-base. ATP-Mg was dissolved in the internal solution just before use. Glutamatergic eEPSCs were isolated from GABAergic eIPSCs by recording at a VH of −65 mV, which is close to the Cl− equilibrium potential (ECl) (Wakita et al., 2012).
6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and (S)-AMPA were purchased from Tocris Cookson (Ellisville, MO). Muscimol, phenytoin, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), Ca-EDTA, TEA-Cl, EGTA, ATP-Mg, and 4-aminopyridine (4AP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). RhodZin-3 was purchased from Invitrogen (Eugene, OR). LEV was purchased from LKT Laboratories (St. Paul, MN). All test solutions containing drugs were applied by a "Y-tube system" allowing rapid solution exchange, within ~20 milliseconds.
Data Analysis
Glutamatergic eEPSCs evoked by paired-pulse focal electrical stimuli were counted and analyzed in preset epochs before, during, and after each test condition using the pCLAMP 10.2 (Axon Instruments). The amplitude, Rf, and PPR of eEPSCs were analyzed with pCLAMP 10.2 (Katsurabayashi et al., 2004). When the P1 or P2 current was a failure, the PPR was not included in the mean PPR data. For the time-course plots of PPR (Figs. 1–3, 6–8, and 10), when the P1 and/or P2 were failures, the PPR value was plotted as 0. Effects of LEV, phenytoin, muscimol, and Zn2+ on the current amplitude, Rf, and PPR for eEPSCs were normalized as relative changes from their respective controls. The relative INa and IBa responses with various concentrations of phenytoin and Zn2+ were similarly normalized to the control peak currents in standard solution without phenytoin or Zn2+. To examine exogenous glutamate (IGlu), NMDA (INMDA), and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor responses (IAMPA), we applied 10 μM glutamate, 30 μM NMDA, and 3μM (S)-AMPA, respectively, concentrations that elicit little desensitization. The concentration-dependent effects of Zn2+ and phenytoin on these responses were quantified by normalizing the peak current amplitudes in the presence of drugs to those in the absence of drugs. Concentration-inhibition curves of INa, IBa, IGlu, and INMDA for Zn2+ or phenytoin, and concentration-response curve of IAMPA were fitted by a sigmoidal dose-response equation with Origin Pro 7.5 software (OriginLab Corporation, Northampton, MA).
Data are reported as the mean ± S.E.M. of these normalized values. Possible differences in the current amplitude, Rf, and PPR distribution of eEPSCs were tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Dunnet's test. Values of P < 0.05 were considered significant.
Effects of Phenytoin on eEPSCs, INa, IBa, and IGlu
Focal electrical stimulation of single boutons synapsing onto an isolated CA3 neuron induced fast inward currents that were completely and reversibly abolished by adding 10−20 µM CNQX, AMPA/KA receptor antagonist, indicating clearly that they are AMPA/KA receptor-mediated eEPSCs (Henze et al., 2002, Wakita et al., 2013). Paired-pulse stimulation at a frequency of 0.2 Hz produced paired EPSCs in which the second eEPSC amplitude (P2) was approximately 138.0 ± 5.0% (n = 66 neurons [boutons]) of the first EPSC amplitude (P1). As shown in Fig. 1A, P1 and P2 eEPSCs appeared in an all-or-none fashion, as reported previously (Shin et al., 2012a,b; Wakita et al., 2012), with approximately 13.2 ± 1.5% (n = 43 neurons [boutons]) of stimuli producing no responses or response failures.
Given that the therapeutic range of plasma concentrations of phenytoin is 40−80 µM (Hayes and Kootsikas, 1993), we investigated the effects of various concentrations of phenytoin between 1 and 100 µM on the paired glutamatergic eEPSCs responses that responded to both the first (P1) and second (P2) paired focal stimuli. Phenytoin at concentrations of 1−10 µM had no effect on the eEPSCs, but higher concentrations (≥30 µM) significantly suppressed the P1 amplitude and increased the Rf and PPR (P2/P1) of eEPSCs in a concentration-dependent fashion. Figure 1, A and B, shows representative current traces (inset) and experiments illustrating the time course of effects of 30 µM (A) and 100 µM (B) phenytoin on the P1 eEPSC current amplitude (Aa, Ba) and the PPR (Ab, Bb) for eEPSCs evoked by paired-pulse stimulation with 20-millisecond interpulse intervals. Phenytoin at 30 µM significantly decreased the P1 amplitude (to 60.2 ± 13.0% of control, n = 5; P < 0.05) and increased the Rf (to 194.3 ± 23.2% of control, n = 5; P < 0.05) and the PPR (to 160.1 ± 19.3% of control, n = 5; P < 0.05). A higher concentration (100 µM) further decreased P1 amplitude (to 18.2 ± 7.5% of control, n = 5; P < 0.05) and further increased the Rf (to 550.2 ± 95.4% of control, n = 5; P < 0.01) and the PPR (to 261.6 ± 30.4% of control, n = 5; P < 0.05) (Fig. 1C). It is evident that phenytoin acts presynaptically to decrease the excitatory glutamatergic synaptic transmission.
The inhibition curves for INa and IBa by phenytoin are shown in Fig. 1D. The currents were elicited by a depolarizing step pulse from a VH of −70 mV to −20 mV (INa) and from −60 to +10 mV (IBa). Phenytoin decreased both IBa and INa in a concentration-dependent manner, with a greater potency for inhibition of INa, where significant inhibition was observed at concentrations ≥ 10 μM. The potency of inhibition of IBa and eEPSCs by phenytoin was similar, with significant inhibition observed at concentrations ≥ 30 μM. Phenytoin also inhibited the glutamate-induced whole-cell response in a concentration-dependent manner, with significant inhibition observed at concentrations ≥ 10 μM (Fig. 1E).
Effects of LEV on eEPSCs, INa, and IBa
Human plasma concentration of LEV 1−14 hours after administration of a typical clinical dose (1500 mg) is 44−185 µM (Koubeissi et al., 2008). Thus, we similarly investigated clinically relevant concentrations of LEV (10, 100, and 300 µM) on eEPSCs. LEV at all these concentrations had no effect on the P1 amplitude, Rf, or PPR of glutamatergic eEPSCs (Fig. 2, A and B). The application of 30 µM 4AP, a nonselective K+ channel blocker, following application of LEV, caused a marked increase in eEPSC P1 amplitude and a marked decrease in Rf and PPR, confirming that the synapses examined in this set of data could be modulated as reported previously (Shin et al., 2012a). In addition, the highest relevant concentration of LEV (300 µM) had no effect on either INa or IBa (Fig. 2C). The results demonstrate that LEV alone has no direct pre- or postsynaptic effect on glutamatergic transmission at these mossy fiber–CA3 excitatory synapses.
Effects of Zn2+ on eEPSCs, INa, IBa, IGlu, IAMPA, and INMDA
Zn2+ and other divalent cations (e.g., Co2+, Cd2+, Mn2+), and trivalent cations (e.g., La3+), are known to decrease voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents in neurons (Akaike et al., 1981) and thus may be expected to decrease glutamatergic eEPSCs. Low concentrations of Zn2+ (0.1−3 µM) had no effects on glutamatergic eEPSCs, but concentrations over 10 µM significantly and concentration-dependently decreased the eEPSC P1 current amplitude and increased the Rf and PPR of eEPSCs (Fig. 3, A–C). Figure 3, A and B shows representative current traces and sample experiments indicating the effects of 10 µM (A) and 100 µM (B) Zn2+ on eEPSC parameters evoked by paired-pulse stimulation (30 millisecond intervals). Figure 3C summarizes the effects of Zn2+ at 0.1−300 µM on the current amplitude, Rf, and PPR of P1 eEPSCs. The concentration of Zn2+ that produced a half-maximal effect to decrease P1 and increase PPR and Rf was between 30 and 100 µM, with a good correlation among the effects on these parameters.
The concentration-dependent inhibition curves for Zn2+ at various concentrations (1−1000 µM) on INa and IBa are shown in Fig. 3D. Zn2+ decreased INa, but only at the high concentrations, beyond 300 µM. In contrast Zn2+ decreased IBa in a concentration-dependent manner from much lower concentrations, with an IC50 of 33.2 µM. Zn2+ could also inhibit IGlu, but concentrations greater than 300 μM were required (Fig. 3E).
Zn2+ is known to have effects on both AMPA (Sun et al., 2010) and NMDA receptors (Westbrook and Mayer, 1987; Molnár and Nadler, 2001). Application of (S)-AMPA, a selective AMPA receptor agonist, induced the AMPA-receptor-mediated whole-cell currents in a concentration-dependent manner (Fig. 4A). The presence of 10−300 μM Zn2+ potentiated the AMPA-receptor-mediated currents, whereas 1000 μM Zn2+ inhibited these currents (Fig. 4B). Figure 5A shows that NMDA (30 μM)-induced whole-cell inward current responses (INMDA) (VH = −40 mV) were only recorded in our conditions when we added glycine (1 μM) to the external solution and removed Mg2+. Hence, NMDA-receptor activation is unlikely to contribute to EPSCs recorded under our standard conditions with Mg2+ present and glycine free. Zn2+ concentration-dependently inhibited these NMDA-induced currents, with inhibition observed above 3μM and an approximate IC50 of 30 μM (Fig. 5B).
Together, the results clearly indicate that Zn2+ decreases eEPSCs at concentrations between 10 and 100 µM, and eEPSC inhibition likely results from suppression of presynaptic voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and decreased glutamate release.
Interactions among Muscimol, Zn2+, and LEV on Presynaptic GABAA Receptors
We have previously demonstrated that mossy fiber glutamatergic terminals possess functional GABAA receptors that modulate eEPSCs (Yamamoto et al., 2011). In confirmation, Fig. 6 shows the effects of muscimol, a selective GABAA receptor agonist, on the glutamatergic eEPSCs. Muscimol at very low concentrations (0.03 µM) had a tendency to increase the P1 eEPSC current amplitude, and it decreased the PPR as we reported previously (Shin et al., 2011). Muscimol at higher concentrations (≥1 µM) significantly inhibited the P1 current amplitude and increased the Rf and the PPR. The muscimol-induced inhibition of eEPSCs can be prevented by adding 10 µM bicuculline, a selective GABAA receptor antagonist (Yamamoto et al., 2011).
In the continued presence of 1 µM muscimol, the addition of 1 µM Zn2+ increased the eEPSC P1 current amplitude and decreased Rf and PPR (Fig. 7, A and C). Recall that this concentration of Zn2+ had no effect by itself on the eEPSC, or on INa, IBa, IGlu, IAMPA, or INMDA. The modulatory effects of Zn2+ persisted throughout the experiment and restored the eEPSC parameters back toward the control (premuscimol) condition. However, when 300 µM LEV was applied in the continuous presence of 1 µM muscimol and 1 µM Zn2+, there was a decrease in the eEPSC P1 current amplitude and an increase in the Rf and PPR. The eEPSC parameters in response to LEV returned to the values observed with 1 µM muscimol in the absence of Zn2+ (Fig. 7, B and C). Recall also that LEV had no effect by itself on eEPSC parameters, and in the presence of 1 µM muscimol without Zn2+, LEV (300 µM) also had no effect on the eEPSCs (Fig. 8). These results indicate that LEV reverses the Zn2+-induced suppression of GABAA receptor–mediated presynaptic inhibition.
We next examined the actions of Zn2+ chelators on eEPSCs. We used two Zn2+ chelators, Ca-EDTA (Vogt et al., 2000) and RhodZin-3 (Sensi et al., 2003). Ca-EDTA is not a high-affinity chelator, but has much higher affinity for Zn2+ than other extracellular cations (Vogt et al., 2000). RhodZin-3 is a high-affinity chelator with nanomolar affinity for Zn2+ and no affinity for Ca2+ (≤40 µM), Mg2+ (≤500 µM), or Na+ (≤200 mM) (Sensi et al., 2003). Both of these agents (1 mM Ca-EDTA, 5 µM RhodZin-3) had no effect by themselves on glutamatergic eEPSCs (Fig. 9). However, the application of 1 mM Ca-EDTA in the continuous presence of 1 µM muscimol and 1 µM Zn2+ decreased the eEPSC P1 current amplitude and increased the Rf and PPR (Fig. 10A). Similarly, in the same experimental conditions, the application of 5 µM RhodZin-3 decreased the eEPSC P1 current amplitude and increased the Rf and PPR (Fig. 10B). The similarity between the actions of these Zn2+ chelators and those of LEV is consistent with the assumption that LEV reverses the Zn2+-induced disinhibition of GABAA-receptor mediated presynaptic inhibition.
Our present study compared the mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs on excitatory synaptic transmission at mossy fiber to CA3 neuron synapses in isolated hippocampal neurons. Phenytoin inhibited these glutamatergic synaptic responses in a concentration-dependent manner that correlated with its inhibition of voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channel currents in CA3 neurons (Fig. 1). Phenytoin also inhibited the postsynaptic CA3 soma membrane glutamate response to bath-applied glutamate in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, the inhibitory effects of phenytoin on eEPSC involve both direct postsynaptic glutamate receptor inhibition and the suppression of glutamate releases due to inhibition of the presynaptic voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels. However, the presynaptic effect is likely to be more relevant. Application of 100 µM phenytoin markedly suppressed eEPSCs (Fig. 1C), including complete failures in some neurons (as seen in Fig. 1B), whereas the direct glutamate receptor response was only decreased to 64% of control at this concentration (Fig. 1E).
In contrast, LEV had no effect itself on glutamatergic eEPCSs (Fig. 2). Previous reported effects of LEV on glutamate neurotransmission are controversial. LEV has been reported to inhibit glutamatergic eEPSCs recorded from granule cells of the dentate gyrus via inhibition of presynaptic P/Q-type calcium channels (Lee et al., 2009). However, LEV was also reported to increase elevated K+-induced glutamate release in rat neocortex (Kammerer et al., 2011).
We also found that Zn2+ concentration-dependently reduced eEPSCs, with the pattern of responses (increased PPR and Rf) consistent with a presynaptic site of action. The inhibition of eEPSCs was concurrent with inhibition of somatic voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (≥3 µM), and inhibition of these channels in presynaptic terminals is likely to mediate the inhibition of glutamatergic excitatory transmission (Fig. 3). These responses were consistent with studies using in vivo microdialysis in rat hippocampus (Takeda et al., 2004) and rat mossy fiber synaptosomes (Bancila et al., 2004) that showed Zn2+-induced inhibitory presynaptic glutamate release. In contrast, Huang et al. (2008), using mice hippocampal slices, showed that Zn2+ potentiates the efficacy of the hippocampal mossy fiber–CA3 pyramid synapse by a mechanism that requires tropomyosin-related kinase receptor subtype B. We are unsure why these studies differ, but it may relate to different sensitivities of the presynaptic terminals to Zn2+, resulting from different experimental methods and preparations. Here we would like to make sure that the "synaptic bouton" preparation allows a more direct examination of drug effects at the single synapse level, devoid of potential influences from extrasynaptic sites and surrounding neurons and glia cells.
Muscimol, a selective GABAA receptor agonist, significantly decreased the amplitude of eEPSCs, concurrent with an increase in PPR (Fig. 6). These results illustrate the importance of presynaptic GABAA receptors in controlling glutamate release. GABA interneurons in the hippocampus project to neurons and to the glutamatergic presynaptic mossy fiber terminals. Activation of these presynaptic GABAA receptor channels can cause a biphasic modulation of glutamatergic transmission, with enhanced release at low levels of activation and with inhibition of release at higher concentrations (Jang et al., 2006; Yamamoto et al., 2011). Under physiologic conditions, Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter type 1 (NKCC-1) transports Cl− into nerve terminals and thereby facilitates a depolarizing Cl− efflux upon activation of GABAA receptors (Kakazu et al., 1999; Jang et al., 2002). This GABAA-induced presynaptic depolarization induces facilitation of sEPSC frequency, even in CA3 pyramidal neurons dissociated from 4-week-old rats (Han et al., 2009). The same presynaptic GABAA-induced "depolarization" causes a decrease in evoked release of glutamate, via a depolarization block of Na+ channels (Fig. 6). The presynaptic inhibition of eEPSCs and the increase in spontaneous release by muscimol are blocked by the pretreatment with bumetanide, a selective blocker of NKCC-1, confirming that Cl− efflux and depolarization mediate this effect (Yamamoto et al., 2011).
A clinically relevant concentration of LEV (300 µM) applied with 1 µM muscimol did not further change eEPSCs (Fig. 8). In contrast, Zn2+ significantly inhibited the muscimol-induced presynaptic GABAA receptor activation, resulting in an increase in eEPSC amplitude (Fig. 7). Zn2+ is a well known physiologic GABAA receptor negative modulator, which binds at three discrete binding sites to mediate subunit-dependent effects. One binding site is located within the ion channel pore itself, with the other two residing in the externally facing amino (N)-terminus, at the interfaces between α and β subunits (Hosie et al., 2003). The precise subunit combination of the presynaptic GABAA receptors at mossy fiber–CA3 synapses is unclear, although the possible presence of various subunit combinations (δ, α1, α4, α5, γ2) has been implicated by the high neurosteroid and muscimol sensitivity of the synapses (Ruiz et al., 2010; Kim et al., 2011). Interestingly, the subunit expression pattern of GABAA receptors in the dentate granule cell layer changes in the epileptic hippocampus (Brooks-Kayal et al., 1998). Specifically, expression of α1 subunits decreases while expression of α4 and δ subunits increases (Brooks-Kayal et al., 1998). Although α1 subunits can exhibit a low sensitivity to Zn2+, association with γ2-containing GABAA receptors results in a high Zn2+ sensitivity (White and Gurley, 1995; Burgard et al., 1996; Fisher and Macdonald, 1998). Replacement of γ2 with a δ subunit further increases Zn2+ sensitivity of GABAA receptors (Saxena and Macdonald, 1996). Subunit changes observed in the epileptic brain may make them more sensitive to the action of Zn2+ and hence antagonism of Zn2+ actions on GABAA receptors by levetiracetam may be particularly important.
When a clinically relevant concentration of LEV was applied in the continued presence of 1 µM muscimol and a low concentration of Zn2+ (1 µM), the eEPSC amplitude returned to levels seen prior to Zn2+ application (Fig. 7). The most important finding in this study was that LEV reversed the Zn2+-induced disinhibition of the presynaptic GABAA receptor-induced depolarization blockade. In this way LEV decreased eEPSC amplitude. This interpretation is consistent with a study by Rigo et al. (2002) on cultured cerebellar granule cells from epileptic mice, who also reported that LEV could antagonize the inhibitory effects of Zn2+ on whole-cell postsynaptic GABA responses. Our study extends this to presynaptic GABAA receptor actions and is the first study to report antagonizing the inhibitory effects of Zn2+ in acutely isolated neurons. This interpretation was further supported by the similar actions of LEV and Zn2+ chelation. The well-known Zn2+ chelators, Ca-EDTA (Vogt et al., 2000) and RhodZin-3 (Sensi et al., 2003), did not affect glutamatergic transmission by themselves (Fig. 9), but they reversed the antagonizing effects of Zn2+ on muscimol-induced presynaptic GABAA receptor–mediated inhibition (Fig. 10). The effects of both Zn2+ chelators were approximately the same as that obtained with LEV. The molecular basis by which LEV is functionally antagonizing the Zn2+ effects on GABAA receptor activation is unclear at present. However, both studies by Rigo et al. (2002) and ours propose that antagonism of allosteric Zn2+ modulation by LEV is a novel mechanism of action.
The interactions between LEV and Zn2+ may be clinically important, when considering the hippocampal hyperexcitability and altered synaptic circuits in temporal lobe epilepsy (Coulter, 1999, 2000). In both human temporal lobe epilepsy and in animal models, there is a marked sprouting of mossy fiber terminals to innervate new targets in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Zn2+ is colocalized and coreleased with glutamate from nerve terminals (Assaf and Chung, 1984; Howell et al., 1984), with mossy fiber terminals being particularly rich in Zn2+ (Lin et al., 2001). Large amounts of Zn2+ and glutamate are coreleased during seizures as a result of this mossy fiber sprouting, and may diffuse into extracellular spaces to inhibit GABAA receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition onto dentate granule cells. Coupled with the ability of Zn2+ to facilitate glutamate-evoked synaptic currents in hippocampal slices (Lin et al., 2001), this could induce a vicious circle of excitation, which may contribute to the hyperexcitability and seizures in the epileptic hippocampus. Our results suggest that LEV may, at least partly, mediate some of its antiepileptic effects via preventing this Zn2+ modulation of presynaptic GABAA receptors.
Palma et al. (2007) reported an additional aspect to LEV's interactions with GABAA receptors, directly reducing the extent of GABAA receptor whole-cell response run-down. This effect was only seen in oocytes injected with membranes isolated from the mesial temporal lobe epilepsy neocortex and in human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy slices, but not in control brains, and after prolonged LEV incubations. LEV-induced alleviation of GABAA receptor response run-down would work in concert with the LEV actions reported here to facilitate inhibition.
LEV has shown a clinically favorable outcome in temporary lobe epilepsy (Jehi et al., 2012), and the results presented here provide an additional facet to the mechanisms by which LEV may exert its antiepileptic effects.
The authors thank Dr. A. Moorhouse (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) for valuable comments and critical reading of the manuscript.
Authorship Contributions
Participated in research design: Akaike, Wakita, Kogure.
Conducted experiments: Wakita.
Performed data analysis: Wakita.
Wrote or contributed to the writing of the manuscript: Kotani, Wakita, Akaike.
- Received August 13, 2013.
- Accepted November 19, 2013.
M.W. and N.K, contributed equally to this work.
This work was supported by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and by Grants-in-Aid from Kumamoto Health Science University (to M.W. and N.A.) and by a Grant-in-Aid from Kitamoto Hospital, Koshigaya (to N.K. and N.A.).
- 4-aminopyridine
- α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid
- ATP-Mg
- ATP–magnesium salt
- 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione
- Cont
- control
- eEPSC(s)
- evoked excitatory postsynaptic current(s)
- GABA type A
- levetiracetam
- N-methyl-d-aspartate
- paired-pulse ratio
- Rf
- failure rate
- tetraethylammonium
- Copyright © 2014 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics


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Bakra Eid Wishes 2016 in Hindi English Urdu for Parents Relatives Family Members DP :- Happy Eid Al Adha 2016 to all. Wish your all friends, relatives and family members Happy Bakra Eid 2016 via given below Wishes, SMS, Messages, Quotes, etc. Here we are providing Bakra Eid Wishes 2016 in Hindi, English, Urdu, Tamil, Telugu for all. Check Eid Ul Adha Brand New Collection of 2016 here such as Eid Ul Adha Whatsapp DP, Status, Profile Pic, Wallpapers, Bakrid HD Images, 3D Pics, Masjid Photos, Dua Image, Eid Mubarak Pictures, FB DPZ, Bakrid Greetings, Ecards, Celebration Video, etc.
Bakra Eid Wishes 2016 in Hindi English Urdu for Parents Relatives Family Members DP
On this special occasion we are sharing Bakra Eid Wishes 2016 for you. These days all the Muslim people are searching about Eid Al Adha 2016 latest Collection such as Bakra Eid Whatsapp DP, Bakrid Profile Pic, Eid Mubarak HD Images, Happy Eid 3D Pics, Greetings, Ecards, Wallpapers, Masjid Photos, Pictures, Happy Bakra Eid 2016 Wishes for Abba, Ammi, etc. Eid Mubarak Messages
May the Allah fill your life with joy and happiness and open all the Closed doors of success ,Happy Bakr Id.. Bakra Eid Wishes for All
Advanced HAPPY"عيد مبارك"
ألله أكبرألله أكبرألله أكبر لاإلاه إل ألله الله اكبر الله اكبر ول الله الحمد "Madeenayude Minarangalil Ninnuyarunna Thakbeer Dwani Arabi Kadalinte Olangalil Thatti Lokamengum Muzhangunnu
May the angels protect u…may the sadness forget you,…may goodness surround you and may God always bless u.,,,,,,Eid Mubarak to all!! Bakrid Wishes for Youngsters
May the day delight and the moments measure all the special joys for all of you to treasure.
مبارک ہو
مرکزی رویت ہلال کمیٹی نے
مجھے دیکھ لیا ہے
کل عید ہوگی
عید مبارک
/\ ~ * * * *
||| _.-^-._ * * *
||| (((()))))) * *
Sneha bandhangalkum Kudumba bandhangalkum Saamooha kadamakalkum Karuthekikond veendum oru baliperunnal koodi nammilekku samagathamayi yente ella friendsinum baliperunnal asamsaka
wish u happy Eid-ul Fidr…Bakra Eid Wishes 2016
Eid-ul-Adha is an Eid of sacrifice;
And commitment of Allah's orders.
May Allah bless us with the same in all circles of life!
Eid Mubarak! Bakra Eid Wishes in English
Eid is the Great day to pray, to love, to celebrate, to care to happy and Allah bless you..Eid Mubarak.. Happy Eid Profile Pic
May the magic of dis EID
bring lots of happiness in ur life
& may u celebrate it wid
all ur close friendzzzzzz
& may it fill ur HEART wid love
May the magic of this Eid bring lots of happiness in your life and may you celebrate it with all your close friends & may it fill your heart with wonders. Eid Mubarak 2016 Wishes
Punya Hajjinte NiraviL
AkaLe Thakbir DwanikaL
Uyarunu Sneha
Sandeshavumayi Hrdayam
Niranja HAJJ PERUNAL ashamsakaL
Wish your Friends, Relatives, Parents and all family members Happy Eid 2016. Don't forget to share this article Bakra Eid Wishes 2016 with your friends via social sites like Facebook, Twitter, Hike, Wechat, Whatsapp, etc. Share your thoughts about this Bakra Eid. To get all updates stay tuned with us.


text: Rikujōkōrō Video Clips Renji Abarai is bound by Byakuya Kuchiki using Rikujōkōrō.Aaroniero Arruruerie is bound by Rukia Kuchiki using Rikujōkōrō.Byakuya prevents Rukia from cutting her own neck using Rikujōkōrō.Byakuya uses Rikujōkōrō on Gonryōmaru to protect Rukia.Rukia binds herself to Sode no Shirayuki with Rikujōkōrō.Byakuya utilizes Rikujōkōrō before defeating Sode no Shirayuki.Kisuke Urahara uses Rikujōkōrō on Sōsuke Aizen.Reigai-Byakuya Kuchiki uses Rikujōkōrō on Nozomi Kujō.Reigai-Retsu Unohana uses Rikujōkōrō on Genryūsai Shigekuni YamamotoAdd an image to this gallery Retrieved from "http://bleach.wikia.com/wiki/Rikuj%C5%8Dk%C5%8Dr%C5%8D/Image_Gallery?oldid=472025" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Images