text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 13, 1998
|Filing date
|Nov 19, 1996
|Priority date
|Nov 19, 1996
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Emanuel S. Kemeny
|Original Assignee
|Kemeny; Emanuel S.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Non-Patent Citations (14), Referenced by (48), Classifications (12), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1.1 Field of the Invention
The invention is in the field of computer speech recognition, and more particularly, phoneme waveform identification, with application to systems including speech-to-text, speech signal data reduction, and voice command and control.
1.2 Prior Art and the Invention
The prior art in speech recognition is well aware that, for example, spoken English uses 47 elemental sounds, called phonemes, and that these phonemes can be seen as 47 distinctive phoneme waveforms on microphone-oscilloscope equipment.
The present invention efficiently and uniquely recognizes each phoneme by direct measurement of structural features of the phoneme waveform itself, in terms of mainwave and ripplewave components.
The prior art, however, has found waveform identification difficult, and has relied on transformation of the time-waveform into a frequency-spectrum, whose frequency peaks, called formants, identify the phoneme. The transformation is typically done by band-pass filters, or by mathematical algorithms such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) or Linear Prediction Coding (LPC), which are rigorous, but costly in terms of lengthy computations and smooth-out of fast-transition signal data.
It is important to note that prior art may be pertinent if it includes analysis of the waveform itself for certain features, such as prominent pulses and zero crossings, which provide easily-accessible initial information, such as pitch period, voiced-unvoiced parameters, and limited-vocabulary word-recognition.
But ultimately, for phoneme recognition, the prior art relies on the frequency-transform and its formant pattern, as seen in the following references.
The following references are cited as pertinent prior art, with comments to clarify their relevance to and divergence from critical features of this invention.
1! Parsons, T. W., "Voice and Speech Processing", McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1986. This textbook discusses the great variety in prior art involving time-domain and frequency-domain techniques for speech signal analysis, recognition, and printout.
2! U.S. Pat. No. 3,553,372, Wright et al, issued Jan. 5, 1971, This patent shows pertinent prior art because it includes various time-domain techniques for zero-crossing and prominent-peak detection, thereby deriving initial parameters related to pitch-period and first-formant frequency (F1), these used in limited-vocabulary word-recognition. However, for phoneme identification, the patent relies on frequency-spectrum (Fourier) transform techniques.
3! Hess, W. J., "A Pitch-Synchronous Digital Feature Extraction System for Phoneme Recognition of Speech", IEEE Trans. on Acoustics, etc., VOL. ASSP-24, No.1, February analysis for prominent pulse and zero-crossover parameters, but relies on frequency-domain analysis to identify phonemes.
4! U.S. Pat. No. 4,882,757, Fisher et al, issued Nov. 21, 1989, teaches context-correction for speech recognition.
5! U.S. Pat. No. 4,692,941 Jacks et al, issued Sep. 8, 1987, teaches text-to-speech conversion using waveform sequencing of phonemes and transitions.
6! U.S. Pat. No. 4,661,915, Ott, issued Apr. 28, 1987, teaches an allophone vocoder, in which a speech signal is first analyzed for phonemes which in turn are used to generate an allophone sequence to better approximate the original speech signal in a synthesizer at a local or remote station, where a printer and a speech synthesizer output the data.
7! Peking Faculty, "Modern Chinese", Dover Press, 1971, teaches phonetic spelling of Chinese words, plus four pitch-contours for vowels to affect meaning.
2.1 The Basic Invention
The present invention provides efficient and unique speech recognition by using three major processing procedures:
(1) Analysis: fetching a frame (20 millisecond segment) of signal, then in the frame locating and measuring structural features of any waveform present in terms of a mainwave-ripple model, thereby deriving a set of measurement numbers (a waveform parameter array) called a single-frame analysis array, which uniquely defines the waveform;
(2) Training: generating known-phoneme reference arrays by combining the analysis array of a known input spoken phoneme with its corresponding typed-in phoneme symbol, and repeating this procedure for different input phonemes to derive a set of known-phoneme reference arrays;
(3) Recognition: recognizing unknown input speech by sequentially locating and measuring each frame waveform, and comparing its analysis array with the pre-stored set of known-phoneme reference arrays, whereby the best match yields a phoneme decision output.
2.2 Discoveries and Innovations
Original research by the inventor has yielded a number of discoveries and innovations which are advantageously included in the invention, and fully described in the detailed description.
Some of these are here briefly noted:
(1) Fine-structure measurements, in terms of mainwave amplitude and zero-crossings, identify the waveform as one of four basic phoneme waveforms (bpw's), called protowaves: voiced, fricative, stop, and mixed, which are representative of the 47 English phoneme waveforms;
(2) Main-structure measurements, in terms of a mainwave-ripple model which includes flyback-pulse parameters;
(3) Phonodes (nodal phonemes): eight phonemes of the 47 may be selected as phonodes, to represent groups of phonemes having similar sounds and similar waveforms, whereby coarse recognition and speak-back may be achieved;
(4) Universal reference arrays (URA's), which are automatically generated by interpolation to create a plurality of sets of phoneme reference arrays covering the male-female vocal frequency range.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing major components of the invention as a system;
FIG. 2 illustrates four basic phoneme waveforms;
FIG. 3 illustrates the mainwave-ripple model;
FIG. 4 illustrates a wave sequence in a single phoneme sound;
FIG. 5 is a printout of multi-frame data exemplary for the word SKIS;
FIG. 6 is a table of phoneme/phonodes;
FIG. 7 is a listing of signal processing procedures which further illustrates carrying out the invention.
The present invention provides speech recognition using three major operations: analysis, training and recognition. In particular, the analysis involves direct measurements of the phoneme waveform itself, to derive a set of waveform parameters called an analysis array which uniquely defines the waveform structure.
To best understand the invention, a brief description of speech sounds is now presented.
Speech sounds are generated in the vocal tract. Air from the lungs is forced to flow through the glottis (the opening between the vocal cords in the throat), branches through the mouth and nasal cavities, and emitted through lips and nose.
As a result, two kinds of speech sounds are possible: voiced (using the vocal cords, which vibrate at pitch frequency to cause pitch pulses of air), and unvoiced (using only the air flow, which is a hissed sound). Phonemes (voiced or unvoiced) are formed by the tongue position, which determines the size and effect of mouth and nasal cavities as resonant chambers, and thereby determines the waveshape (and frequency spectrum) of the emitted sound.
4.1 The Invention As a System
The invention as a system is illustrated in the block diagram of FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG. 1, master control unit (MCU) 100 is the central controller, which includes a monitor display, and connections to all system units and peripheral units (not drawn).
Speech input source 101 provides an input speech signal which may be known or unknown.
Pre-processor 102 provides the well-known functions: VOX (voice-operated control); ADC (analog to digital converter); AGC (automatic gain control); and AN (amplitude normalization). AN in this invention fixes the peak amplitude of a loud vowel (such as AH), at say 100 on a scale of zero +/-127, whereby other phoneme amplitudes are normalized thereto. Also, ADC is set to sample at 10K samples per second (sps), to ensure resolution of phoneme signals containing frequencies to 4000 Hz.
Buffer 103 stores the output of pre-processor 102.
Mainwave-Ripple Analyzer 104 performs a number of functions, including: fetching a short interval of signal, called a frame (20 to 30 milliseconds) from buffer 103; examining the frame to locate and measure any waveform present in terms of fine-structure and main-structure, thereby outputting a set of measurement numbers (waveform parameters), called a single-frame analysis array (SFAA).
Training/Recognition Switch (TRS) 105 is set to training mode T for training mode, which couples analyzer 104 to training reference generator 112.
In training mode, the operator is prompted on screen to speak a single known-phoneme input signal, with the corresponding known-phoneme symbol typed-in on keyboard (KB) 111.
Training reference generator (TRG) 112 thus receives two inputs: the phoneme analysis arrays for the one spoken phoneme, and the one keyboard phoneme symbol. Then the most-probable analysis array is selected by its significant parameter pattern in the multi-frame sequence, and combined with its corresponding typed symbol, to form a known-phoneme single-frame reference array (SFRA).
This process is repeated for other spoken input phonemes, until a full set of phoneme reference arrays (SFRA's) is generated, and stored both in TRG 112, and in single-frame recognizer (SFR) 107.
Training/Recognition switch (TRS) 105 is then set to recognition mode R, which couples the analyzer to single-frame recognizer (SFR) 107.
Now, in recognition mode, unknown input speech to the analyzer is output as a corresponding sequence of unknown single-frame analysis arrays (SFAA'S) to SFR 107.
Single-frame recognizer (SFR) 107 receives and compares each unknown analysis array with each of the previously-stored known reference arrays (SFRA'S), whereby the best match yields an output single-frame decision (SFd) phoneme. This process is repeated to yield an output sequence of single-frame decision (SFd) phonemes.
Multi-frame recognizer (MFR) 108 receives the sequence of analysis arrays and SFd phonemes, and examines the sequence for a significant multi-frame pattern, including a repeat pattern or a peculiar pattern, whereby a most-probable phoneme is output as a multi-frame decision (MFd) phoneme. The process repeats to output a sequence of MFd phonemes.
Context Correction Recognizer (CCR) 109 receives and examines the sequence of MFd phonemes, using context-correction rules such as adjacent-phoneme and word-spelling, whereby a word decision (Wd) is output.
Function Recognizer (Fd) 110 examines the word decision using a table of functional words, whereby a final recognition, consisting of a joint word/function decision (Wd/Fd), is output for appropriate action.
4.2 Analysis: Fine-structure Measures
According to the invention, analysis of the waveform involves two steps: fine-structure, and main-structure measurements.
Fine-structure in a waveform is defined as structure within a very short time interval (i=1 ms), and includes parameters, called local values, of amplitude valley (avi), and zero-crossing counts (zxi). Thus, over a frame, frame distribution arrays of local values are formed (avia and zxia), as well as frame lows (avL, zxL), and frame highs (avH,zxH), all local and frame values also coded with their frame location (np).
According to the invention, the fine-structure values provide an identification of the waveform as one of four basic phoneme waveforms (bpw's) illustrated in FIG. 2.
Referring to FIG. 2, each basic phoneme waveform (bpw), also called a prototype wave, or protowave, is labelled: voiced, fricative, stop, and mixed. The protowaves may thus be coded as bpw=vw, fw, sw, or mw.
Each of the protowaves is shown as a short segment of normal speech, the length depending on speech speed, and each seen to have its own structurally-distinct features in terms of size and shape of cyclic vibrations, and number of cycles per unit time.
As an example, FIG. 2 shows the 4 protowaves exemplary in the word SKIS (literal spelling), and pronounced S-K-EE-Z (phonemic spelling), noting that:
(1) the phoneme S is a fricative, or hissed sound, and is seen to be a cyclic waveform of rapid and random changes in amplitude and zero-crossover intervals;
(2) the phoneme K is a stop, or momentary quiet, consisting of: closure (c), quiet (q), and burst release (r) of air;
(3) the phoneme EE is a voiced wave consisting of: large-amplitude periodic components, labelled amplitude peak (ap), amplitude valley (av), and pitch period (pp); and smaller-amplitude components seen as ripple perturbations on the larger wave; and
(4) the phoneme Z is a mixed (voiced-fricative) wave, with periodic pitch-period (pp) and random rapid ripple wave in clear view.
4.3 Analysis: Main-structure Measures
According to the invention, the second step of analysis examines the main-structure of the waveform in terms of a mainwave-ripple model (MRM), as illustrated in FIG. 3.
Referring to FIG. 3, the mainwave-ripple model is seen as a complex waveform, with major components labelled: mainwave, ripplewave, and time-axis normalized position (np). The mainwave is identified as the larger wave with zero-crossings, while the ripplewave is the perturbations riding on the mainwave.
Again referring to FIG. 3, the mainwave-ripple model is further labelled for key structural elements:
(1) pitch pulse, labelled amplitude peak #1 (ap1), representing the large-amplitude stimulus-pulse of air caused by the vocal cords;
(2) flyback pulse, labelled amplitude valley #1 (av1), which is the first pulse of the ringing cycles due to the pitch-pulse stimulus, and due to resonant cavities in the mouth and nose;
(3) damped ringing pulses following the flyback pulse, until the next large pitch-pulse stimulus;
(4) ripple waves, of smaller amplitude, and riding on the large mainwave, noting that the mainwave crosses the zero-axis periodically;
(5) location of flyback-pulse av1 shown as normalized position (npv1), from which tracing starts to locate zero-crossings x2 and x3, and thereby find the flyback pulse-width (pw23);
(6) normalized ripple rate (nrr) and normalized ripple amplitude (nra), which are measured in the center-third (c/t) of the flyback pulse, using ripple wave slope analysis (s=da/dt) to find ripple rate nrr normalized to c/t, and find ripple amplitude nra normalized to valley amplitude avL;
(7) pitch-period (pp) is seen as the time-difference between the first wave's npv1 (labelled npL1), and the following wave's npv1 (labelled npL2);
(8) other features, including the highest peak in the phoneme wave, usually one of the first three peaks (ap123).
The measured waveform parameters defined above are combined to form a Single-Frame Reference Array (SFAA) which uniquely defines any phoneme waveform.
A practical example of analysis could include:
(1) sample the signal at 10K samples per second
(2) fetch a frame of 20 ms, which thus has 200 samples
(3) normalize frame-time position as np=1 to 200
(4) measure, in i=1 ms (10 samples), avi and zxi, over the frame, then avH,npvH, avL,npvL, zxH,zxL
(5) identify the basic phoneme waveform bpw
(6) locate aL1, npL1
(7) from npL1 track to find npx2 and npx3
(8) calculate pw23
(9) calculate c/t
(10) measure nrr and nra
(11) form SFAA
The practical analysis example could include protowave decisions based on:
If avL>121 then bpw=qw '(127=zero offset)
If zxL>=3 then bpw=fw '(fw=fricative wave)
If zxH<=2 then bpw=vw '(vw=voiced wave)
If zxH>=3 and zxL<3 then bpw=mw '(mixed wave).
4.4 Training: Most-probable Analysis Array
As illustrated in FIG. 4, a single phoneme sound, for example EE, may be spoken clearly, but the sound seen as a waveform is not a sequence of identical waves. Transition waves are at beginning and end, and in the center repeat waves which are thereby deemed most-probable.
As a result, analysis of the wave sequence will yield a corresponding sequence of transition and repeated analysis arrays, the repeated arrays deemed the most probable.
In training mode, the training reference generator finds the most-probable analysis array, and combines it with its corresponding phoneme symbol to form a phoneme single-frame reference analysis array (SFRA).
Again referring to FIG. 4, the transition waves are seen to change in shape and amplitude, corresponding to tongue transitions between phonemes. As a result, as each wave is analyzed to form its analysis array, the corresponding sequence of analysis arrays will show a significant transition pattern, useful in multi-frame phoneme recognition.
4.5 Recognition: Exemplary Multi-Frame Data
FIG. 5 is a printout of exemplary multi-frame data in recognition mode, after training by a male speaker. The data is for the spoken word SKIS (phonemically spelled S-K-EE-Z).
Referring to FIG. 5, and scanning downward on the left, each line on the left is seen to be a single-frame analysis array (SFAA), and on the right the corresponding single frame decision (SFd) phoneme, and multi-frame decision (MFd) phoneme.
Certain details of FIG. 5 will now be pointed out to further illustrate the carrying out of the invention in terms of multi-frame pattern analysis:
(1) The spoken input word was SKIS (S-K-EE-Z), but scanning down the SFd phoneme column we see many different phonemes (errata due to transition waveform recognitions);
(2) The SFd errata is reduced using multi-frame pattern analysis, by finding repeat patterns or peculiar patterns. The improvement can be seen scanning down the MFd column, where S-K-EE-Z is now more clearly recognized as Z-K-IH-EE-Z.
Note that the MFd phoneme output is approximated by phonodes, whereby:
SFd phoneme S is repeatedly recognized as Z, and thus output as MFd phoneme Z;
Phoneme K, being a momentary plosive, is a short and peculiar pattern in the SFd column: q-q-z-z, which is ouput as MFd phoneme K; and
Phonemes IH, EE and Z each show an SFd repeat pattern (count) of 4 or more, and thus output as corresponding MFd phonemes.
We conclude that recognition errata can be reduced, and recognition accuracy improved, using recognition rules for multi-frame significant pattern analysis, including parameter patterns, and phoneme patterns.
Thus, Multi-frame recognition rules can examine: amplitude-envelope patterns, zero-crossing patterns, repeat patterns and peculiar patterns, alternating vowel-consonant patterns, long-vowel drift phoneme patterns, decay patterns, and syllable patterns including consonant-vowel sequences.
Finally, sophisticated recognition rules are also useful, including context-correction recognition (CCR) using word-spelling rules.
4.6 Recognition: Phonemes and Phonodes
Although the 47 phonemes used in spoken English have distinctive waveforms, certain phonemes are related in that they have similar sounds and similar waveforms, and thereby fall into confusion groups.
For coarse recognition and read-back, I select a best-representative phoneme of each confusion group, which I call a phonode, or nodal phoneme, exemplary in the table in FIG. 6, whereby 8 phonodes are used to represent 47 phonemes.
For full recognition of the 47 phonemes, multi-frame analysis of parameter patterns of each phoneme must be examined in full detail, including the patterns of fine-structure local values, whereby coarse recognition of phonodes can be resolved into full recognition of phonemes.
4.7 The Invention As a Method
FIG. 7 is a listing of processing procedures which further illustrates the carrying out of the invention. The listing is in a form which is adaptable to well-known commercial programming languages including BASIC or C, available from Microsoft Corporation.
The following details refer to FIG. 7.
Initializating 710 sets constants and variables, as required by the programming language.
Prompt/Status 720 tests operation status, and thereby sets up proper conditions to prompt and respond to operator input, or respond to status direction.
Input-Processing 730 accesses input signal and provides pre-processing VOX, AGC, ADC, and AN, and buffers the pre-processed output signal.
Frame Analysis 740 fetches a frame of buffered signal and locates and measures any waveform in the frame to identify it as a protowave (bpw), then as a single-frame analysis array (SFAA), which is selectably output to Training or Recognition procedures.
Training Mode 750 includes four procedures, each generating one type of known-phoneme reference array:
(1) Singular reference arrays (SRA's);
(2) Universal reference arrays (URA's);
(3) Personal reference arrays (PRA'S).
(4) Phonode reference arrays (PdRA's)
The Singular reference arrays (SRA's) are generated by combining the most-probable array of a single spoken-phoneme input, with the corresponding typed-in phoneme symbol, thereby generating a singular reference array.
The universal reference arrays (URA's) are automatically generated by interpolating each parameter value proportionally between the analysis array of a male low-frequency voice, and the analysis array of a female high-frequency voice, thereby deriving a plurality of sets of universal reference arrays covering the male-female range. For example, the interpolation formula to find interpolation value (X) for formant frequency F2X (F2 is related to nrr), given the interpolation formant frequency F1X (F1 is related to pw23), is:
where F1=1/(pw23�2), F2=nrr�6, M=Male, F=Female, and X=interpolated value.
The personal reference arrays (PRA's) of 750 are automatically generated from a calibrating command input, such as a lengthy command prompted on the screen (and which is pre-typed phonemically). For example, the prompted command spoken by the operator may be:
which contains many key phonemes, and thus conveniently analyzed and trained automatically by multi-frame analysis as previously explained, thus creating personal reference arrays (PRA's) for the operator. This limited set of PRA's can be extended by either further prompted calibrating commands, or by extension using similar URA's.
The phonode reference arrays (PdRA's) are generated by broadening parameter value ranges to include confusion group values, whereby only phonodes are defined.
Recognition Mode 760 provides a sequence of recognition processes:
(1) Single-Frame Recognition (SFR) in which each single-frame analysis array (SFAA) is compared with a training prestored set of phoneme reference arrays, the specific set appropriately selected from the sets previously stored: SRA's, URA's, PRA's, or PdRA's, whereby the best match yields a single-frame decision (SFd) phoneme output;
(2) Multi-Frame Recognition (MFR), in which a sequence of SFd phonemes is examined for a significant pattern, including a repeat pattern or a peculiar pattern, thereby yielding a multi-frame decision (MFd) output;
(3) Context-Correction Recognition (CCR), in which context rules, including adjacent-phoneme and word-spelling rules yield a word decision (Wd) output; and
(4) Functional Recognition (FR), in which the word decision is examined against a table for functional significance, including commands, thus yielding a function decision (Fd) output; and
(5) outputting a joint decision Wd/Fd for response by Prompt/Status 720.
Print To File 770 prints recognized words to indications including End-of-File or Abort, to close all files and return to Prompt/Status 720, to await a new start by an operator.
4.8 Conclusions
The invention as disclosed above provides new and useful techniques for speech recognition, and lends itself to computer or microchip implementation. The explanations suggest variations by one of ordinary skill in the art, all thereby within the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed.
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|Macrovision Corporation
|Techniques for measuring peer-to-peer (P2P) networks
|Aug 31, 2006
|Jun 28, 2007
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Pattern matching method and apparatus
|Oct 31, 2008
|May 6, 2010
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Sound envelope deconstruction to identify words in continuous speech
|Jan 21, 2009
|Jul 22, 2010
|Al-Zahrani Abdul Kareem Saleh
|Arabic poetry meter identification system and method
|Apr 30, 2013
|Oct 30, 2014
|Ebay Inc.
|System and method of improving speech recognition using context
|Dec 19, 2013
|Jun 25, 2015
|Kirill Chekhter
|Phoneme signature candidates for speech recognition
|Sep 3, 2014
|Jun 24, 2015
|Sap Se
|Phoneme signature candidates for speech recognition
|Dec 15, 2000
|Jun 21, 2001
|Bright Spark Technologies (Proprietary) Limited
|Phonemes recognition in an audio signal
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 10, 2001
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jan 14, 2002
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Mar 19, 2002
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20020113


text:
Accession Number : AD0679384
Title : CHEMISTRY OF FERROCENE,
Corporate Author : FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO
Personal Author(s) : Nesmeyanov,A. N.
Report Date : 24 JAN 1968
Pagination or Media Count : 28
Abstract : A discussion is given of the chemistry of ferrocene and discusses separately each typical reaction carried out with ferrocene, presenting corresponding reaction schemes for sulfonation, acylation, Friedel-Craft alkylation and electrophylic substitutions. Furthermore, he analyzes the condensation process of ferrocene with aldehydes. Mercuration, metalization of ferrocene by alkyl-lithium, and alkyl-, or aryl-sodium are mentioned and also arylation reactions with diazo compounds. Three different methods were developed by the author to determine the structure of ferrocene. In contrast to benzene, dialkylferrocenes with different rings show that electrophylic substitutes enter differently into the second, or third position in relation to the alkyl group.
Descriptors : (*FERROCENES, *CHEMICAL REACTIONS), FRIEDEL CRAFTS REACTIONS, ALKYLATION, METALATION, SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS, MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Subject Categories : Organic Chemistry
Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE

subset: commoncrawl


text:
• Daniel (2)
• Eleven Madison Park
• Eleven Madison Park (2)
• Eleven Madison Park (3)
• Gabriel Kreuther
• Jean-Georges
• Le Bernardin
• Per Se
• Per Se (2) (extended tasting)
• Per Se (3) (vegetarian tasting)
• Per Se (4)
• Senses (Warsaw, Poland)
My friends Ellie and Jessica were visiting two weekends ago and wanted to eat some NYC finery, so I showed them a good time first at Tocqueville and then at Momofuku Ko.
The dinner at Tocqueville included sweet shrimps, creamy winter squash soups, succulent chickens, truffled grits, and so many desserts we had to leave whole scoops of ice cream behind. It's one of my favourite restaurants in the city, and I thought the reasons why were pretty clear to my friends.
But the next night at Momofuku Ko, we were making smalltalk with our chef and mentioned that the girls were visiting from out of state. He asked where we'd been to eat, and when I mentioned Tocqueville, he scoffed. He said he'd never actually eaten there but implied that it was somehow beneath him. Not only was I offended for this restaurant that I love so much, but I was embarrassed that my friends would somehow think I'd led them astray and wasted one of their few NYC meals.
Well, I was vindicated this past weekend when a couple of my other friends went to 15 East, which is owned by the same couple who owns Tocqueville. And who was there eating alongside them? David Chang, owner of the Momofuku restaurants.
I'm just gonna leave this here: http://youtu.be/2WoJV4NLxqg
After I watched that, I had to listen to that stupid Bono song from the Spider-Man Broadway show. Your fault!
Katie Ett wins again!


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Teen Voice Talent wanted in Rio Rancho, NM
Creative Content LLC is seeking people with great voices:
Educational publisher based in Rio Rancho is looking for talented teenaged voice actors to record educational materials. Actors should sound like teenagers aged 13~16.
No experience is necessary–we're building this team from the ground up, so if you're a teen, or if you're an adult who can create highly believable teen voices and would like to begin a career in professional recording, then please apply!
If you're interested in a position, send your resume and letter of introduction to:
If we like we what see, an editor will then contact you directly.
Locals only! Candidates outside of the Albuquerque/Rio Rancho metro area will not be considered.


text:
|Professional Automotive Repair Technical Discussions for January 24, 2015
International Automotive Technicians' Network (iATN) - Members Only
|(Also Available: All, Asian, Chrysler, European, Ford, GM.)
|Vehicle Owners: If you are seeking an automotive repair professional to service your vehicle, visit the iATN Repair Shop Finder.
Open Help Requests for GM
|Help Request
|1990 Chevrolet S10 Blazer Sport 4.3L blower fuse burns VIN: 1GNCT18ZXL
Happy New Year to all, this T-10 Blazer burns the Fan/ A/C fuse - intermittently - ONLY when the Mode controls are in "DEFROST" or any "A/C" mode; the blower fan stops working and the alternator stops charging. In addition to replacing the blower motor, relay,...
|2007 Chevrolet Avalanche LTZ 5.3L p0306 VIN: 3GNFK123X7
Hello. Thank you in advance. This 2007 avalanche is little pain. I am Japanese vehicle guy, not Chevy friendly. This truck had oil consumption issue before(internal burning, but owner want to leave as is as he topped oil regularly). Had P0306. swapped coil,plu...
Fixes & Summaries for GM
|2004 GMC Sierra 2500 HD SLE 6.6L No Start, Hard start VIN: 1GTHK29214
well this one is done. After lots of testing and lots of help from you great iatn guys and ended up being injectors. The new set of injectors and all is well


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What spices do you add? - by ADBASS77
My mother has always eaten tons of salt so to avoid the same pattern, I try combining different and new spices to add flavour. It makes meals more interesting and breaks up the usual routine. Now, I never add salt when I cook or eat, and I don't miss it.This Sparked Me! Leave a Comment


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iam confused if I should wear a little big cloths or tight fits...and which type means shirts ,t -shirts...tucked untucked... khakis,skinny jeans...and shoes..? .
Most Helpful Guy
not tight & not loose on you. they might be 'tight' on a bigger person but don't specifically get tight clothes, unless that is your style. get dressier clothes fitted. wear layers if you want to look 'bigger'. don't do bold large/thick vertical stripes...small stripes or pin stripes are OK. you can wear almost any kind of fabric and any style that you want.00|00|0


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A host of memorable moments
IT WAS the best of times, it was the worst of times, but did it ever quite define the times? Pat Kenny's 10 years at the helm of The Late Late Showhave passed in the blink of an eye, with a few blushes, several bloopers, some bland and some brilliant television, writes FIONA McCANN
This Friday, he will stand down from the show. Whether you see him as Ireland's answer to Larry King or Larry Sanders, or neither, Kenny has presided over many memorable moments during his tenure:
The three wise men first assembled on The Late Late Showin May 2007 to talk about the upcoming general election. Eamon Dunphy, Eoghan Harris and John Waters crossed swords about the likely outcome of the hard-fought elections, with Harris in particular rising to defend then taoiseach Bertie Ahern against any criticism, which on this panel came largely from Dunphy.
The reunion, in March the following year, post-Mahon tribunal, upped the ante, with Kenny, who has always seemed more comfortable on current affairs than culture, in his element. In a particularly impassioned moment, Eamon Dunphy was moved to tears and the audience broke into rapturous applause. Dunphy later decried the clapping, saying: "If you get applause on The Late Late, you are usually doing something wrong."
In October 2004, young widower Joe O'Reilly joined his mother-in-law, Rose Callaly, on the show to talk about the death of his wife, Rachel O'Reilly, just weeks previously. As O'Reilly appeared at ease, loquacious and relaxed, Callaly was straight-backed, barely even looking at her son-in-law. "Pat, she had a horrific death," she told the host, while beside her, her daughter's husband talked through the details of the body's discovery. In July 2007, Joe O'Reilly was convicted unanimously by a jury of the murder of his wife.
There was Pat in his comfy seat, settling in to interview You're a Star presenters Thomas Black, Linda Martin and Brendan O'Connor in November 2006, when an unidentified man marched up to the stage to harangue the host. In an ironically uncensored moment, the intruder, who was later identified as Paul Stokes, called an unfazed Pat Kenny a censor, along with several other unprintable things. He continued his insults until the show cut to a commercial break, but not before the bemused host had calmly replied "thank you very much". Stokes later rammed his car into RTÉ's television building in Donnybrook, and was subsequently arrested and jailed.
Pat showed just how seriously he takes his job when he called a prizewinner last November to tell her of the happy news that she'd won a weekend in Dublin, two tickets for the Toy Show, and €10,000 to go shopping. Showing no trace of the expected delight at receiving a call from the host, Barbara Heavey from Cork said she was "not particularly interested" in going to the Toy Show.
Without further ado, Kenny pulled the tickets from a breast pocket and ripped them up as he cradled the receiver. Clearly taken aback at the audacity of her acceptance of €10,000 and rejection of the coveted tickets, Kenny rather presciently mused: "I think I'll give up this job."
In another classic Late Latephone-line moment, English comedian Jimmy Carr, Gate Theatre director Michael Colgan and actor Michael Gambon looked on as Kenny made the competition call. The prize itself – a family holiday in Austria – was queried by Carr, wide-eyed at the notion of people bidding for a family trip to the country in the wake of the revelations about Josef Fritzl. "It's in a basement! You're going to love it!" he quipped as Kenny dialled.
"This is a most desirable prize," said the host as the winner answered the phone and the competition question to win himself the family holiday. "How many in the family?" asked Pat. "Just meself," came the deadpan response. It was one of the most delightfully off-script Late Latemoments, and it had Kenny falling off his chair laughing as he offered to send Colgan, Gambon and Carr with the prizewinner if he was stuck. "I'm not stuck at all!" responded the winner, as Pat dried his eyes and wrapped up the show like a consummate professional, with tears of laughter in his eyes.
It began badly: "Will you welcome Jerry Seinfield," yelled Kenny as the US comedian – one of the most famous of all funny men, whose surname was also the title of one of the highest-rating shows in US history – came out on stage. Seinfeld, promoting his film Bee Movie, did his best with a series of questions from the host, who appeared to know little about Seinfeld, or how to pronounce his name. But he had seen the movie, apparently, so by God, he was going to ring a good three minutes out of the bee universe, the nub of the plot, what kids learned about the movie and other such opportunities to make Jerry Seinfeld seem the unfunniest man on television. After Pat Kenny.
Pete Doherty is a musician and poet, but that didn't interest Pat Kenny, who spent most of his Late Lateinterview this February grilling him about his drug use. "This is a nice, cheery conversation, isn't it?" remarked Doherty, as his patience was slowly eroded. He then sat forward to put Kenny in his place. "I don't understand how this is the be all and end all of how you look at someone, how you judge someone. Twelve questions, you've asked, and they've all been about drugs or alcohol." Interrogating Kenny's interview technique, he dismissed the follow up question about Kate Moss, and then pointed up the gaps in Kenny's knowledge. "I don't think you could even name a song that I've written." "Possibly not," admitted the host. "Possibly not," echoed Doherty. Car-crash television.
It's often the ones you least expect that become the voice of public disaffection, and in his Late Lateappearance in March 2006, actor Brendan Gleeson spoke out about hospital facilities so deplorable that his own father's life was put at risk. "It's akin to war crime what's happening there," said Gleeson as he spoke passionately about his parents' experience at the hands of a failing health system. Kenny allowed him space to talk, as Gleeson, to resounding applause, said how appalled he was at what was happening. His disgust was clear, as he railed against a government that allowed such things to happen, and against anyone who would vote them in again. And then we did.
Latin heart-throb Iglesias oozed so much charisma it only served to highlight the lack of same in his interviewer. When Kenny had him on the show back in 2007, Iglesias was quick to take his measure: "You seem like a serious man," he said with a glint of mischief in his eyes. "You're like the Irish Larry King – and even better-looking, obviously." Kenny held his own, persisting with questions about Iglesias's relationship with tennis star Anna Kournikova until Iglesias stopped him short. "You're embarrassing me," the Spanish singer told Kenny. "You ask the questions so dry and so seriously that it kind of scares me."
Timing is everything, and while he may have missed the odd comic beat over the years, when it came to finishing his run Kenny chose his moment well. "A bit of news," he called it, when after 10 years of hosting "this marvellous institution of Irish broadcasting" he announced that, after consultation with his family, he had decided that "it's about time that I spent Friday nights at home".
Cannily referring to his decision as quitting while he's ahead, Kenny made a dignified and understated exit with: "Here's to whoever will be sitting in this seat next year."
Over to you, Tubbers.


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Sneakers: ohw?
One of my most vivid memories is from my first day 9th grade. I walked into my new school wearing a white and blue pair of Phat Farms, what I considered to be incredibly cool back then. Although I have since retired my godawful Phat Farms, my love affair with sneakers never withered. It's been 10 and a half years since my first day in 9th grade, and yet, sneakers are a part of my everyday uniform.
I've always been someone who believes that style and comfort can go hand in hand. It's unsurprising then, that I own more pairs of sneakers than I do heels. Also unsurprising is the fact that I'm always on the hunt for cool new sneaker brands. My newest discovery (and/or obsession) is a brand called ohw?
The UK-based brand focuses on trend-driven, yet simple designs, something which is totally up my alley. What I found particularly interesting about the brand is that they don't outsource manufacturing. Instead, their sneakers are manufactured in their very own third generation family owned factory in China.
Initially ohw? just produced men's sneakers but have recently forayed into women's sneakers are well. And of course, I'm so glad they did because these grey sneakers have quickly become one of my favourites. They're classic enough to wear with just about anything in my wardrobe, with detailing that makes them unique.


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Media Manager Online: Open Edition
You are viewing the open edition of Media Manager Online. Information indicated by a icon is restricted to subscribers.Useful links:
- Featured Media
Type Value Period East Wave 92.2 FM
- Extra
- Website: portal to view station resources, listen online. Non-commercial. 2/9/2016 Under construction
- Social Media
Followers Last Active 2,659 1 day ago 518 10 months agoSocial media metrics are updated daily.
Key Updates
- 2016-09-07 New radio management East Wave 92.2 FM new programme/station manager
- 2014-05-09 New radio management East Wave 92.2 FM new station/programme manager


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Starbucks Roasted In 'Charbucks' Trademark Suit
U.S. District Judge Laura Taylor Swain on Dec. 23 ruled in favor of defendant Wolfe's Borough Coffee Inc., which is run under the name Black Bear Micro Roastery in Tuftonboro, N.H., ending a case that began in 2001 when Starbucks had claimed that the name "Charbucks" blurred its marks.
"There is no evidence...
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text:
Nokia today announced it would acquire the remaining shares in operating system firm Symbian as it looks to create an open mobile software platform with other handset manufacturers.
The Finnish manufacturer said it expected Symbian co-owners Sony Ericsson, Ericsson, Panasonic, Siemens and Samsung to accept its £209m (€264m) bid for the shares that it does not currently own.
Nokia will then contribute the Symbian and S60 software to the 'Symbian Foundation' - also launched today - with the aim of creating a royalty-free open platform to accelerate operating system innovation.
Sony Ericsson, Motorola and DoCoMo will also contribute technology and assets to the project, and they are expected to be joined in the venture by AT&T, LG, Samsung STMicroelectonics, Texas Instruments and Vodafone.
Analyst Geoff Blaber of CCS Insight estimates that Nokia paid more than £127 million in license fees for Symbian last year, and he said it makes sense for the company to buy the remaining shares rather than keep paying the royalties.
Blaber said he also believed Nokia was worried that Symbian's structure would erode its competitive position.
'Apple has raised the bar from a technical perspective, and Symbian licensees need to respond quickly to its touch-screen user interface, high performance and easy-to-use development tools,' he said.
'Google has challenged the commercial model, stating that its Android platform has reduced the cost of software to "close to zero".'
Mobile Industry Awards 2017 - B2B & Distribution Finalists
Mobile Industry Awards 2017 – Retail Finalists announced
Mobile Industry Awards 2017 - Best Ruggedised Device
Nazish Dossa Joins Brighstar as UK Managing Director.
Get your FREE copy of Mobile's e-zine and stay up to speed on your PC, laptop or
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Huawei - 'Our 2017 focus is premium products'
Retail Special
S6 to re-ignite the market
Brightstar 20:20 and HTC join forces
Meeting the challenge of in-building coverage


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View Atlanta Yoga Studis on a map
Looking for something unique to do for yourself and your children this summer?
Every weekday at 9:30 AM we will have a YogaKids class for children ages 3 - 11 and a simultaneous adult class. Take advantage of the opportunity to do something fun and enriching with your child. Unlimited specials or drop ins available!
We offer numerous styles of hot and non-hot yoga, Pilates, YogaKids, and prenatal classes twice weekly! Call or visit today for more info!
Adults receive one free yoga or Pilates class with YogaKids Summer Special purchase. $16 value!
116 Drexel Ave.
Decatur, GA 30030 - 30 Metro Atlanta locations
Advertise your Business!
Atlanta Moms®, online since 2001, was founded by a mom who wanted to find things to do with her kids in and around Atlanta, all in one website. We search for family-friendly events and activities that you can enjoy with your kids and post them on our blog, events calendar, Twitter, and Facebook pages so you can enjoy them too!
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text:
WILMOT, Wisc. — July 27, 2017 —When asked to pinpoint what has made him so successful at Wilmot Raceway with the World of Outlaws Craftsman Sprint Car Series, David Gravel can't quite put his finger on one specific item. He has made two starts with the Outlaws at the 1/3-mile in Wisconsin and both times he has been victorious at the end of the 40-lapper. Read more: Gravel Looks for Three-Peat at Wilmot
Every driver remembers their first Outlaw win. Hear their stories this week on Open Red, the Official Podcast of the World of Outlaws!Read more: Open Red Ep 56 - My First Outlaw Win
HARTFORD, Mich. — July 25, 2017 —Sheldon Haudenschild raced three times in the state of Michigan last year and was victorious in two of those starts. One of those wins came at Hartford Speedway. This year, he'll make just a single appearance in the "Great Lakes State" and looks to continue his success there.Read more: S. Haudenschild Looks for Strong Run at Hartford
By: Tony Veneziano
HARTFORD, MI — July 24, 2017 — A new challenge awaits the World of Outlaws Craftsman® Sprint Car Series at Hartford Speedway in Michigan on Friday, July 28, as the series takes to the recently re-configured track for the "Battle of Michigan." The Outlaws have raced at Hartford seven times in the past on the former half-mile, with this trip marking the first on the now-three-eighths-mile. In those seven races, a different driver has visited victory lane each and every time. This edition of The Breakdown sets the stage for the "Battle of Michigan" at Hartford Speedway, which serves as the series only visit of the season to the state of Michigan.Read more: Hartford Speedway Breakdown
RANSOMVILLE, NY — July 23, 2017 — The Big "R" Outlaw Shootout presented by Budweiser at Ransomville Speedway has been postponed due to persistent rain in Niagara Country.
The event will be rescheduled for October — day to to be announced at a later date.
Tickets and armbands for today's event will be honored at Ransomville Speedway for the rain date. No cash refunds will be given at ticket gates or office.Read more: Ransomville Speedway Event Postponed
MECHANICSBURG, PA — July 22, 2017 — Due to rain, the World of Outlaws Craftsman Sprint Car Series was unable to run the Feature during the second and final night of the Champion Racing Oil Summer Nationals at Williams Grove Speedway.
Since the full schedule of events was completed up to the Feature, no refunds will be granted. The Feature will be run when the Series returns to the track for the Champion Racing Oil National Open on Thursday, September 28.Read more: Rain Prevents Williams Grove Feature
The Kings Royal is in the books, and Daryn Pittman joins the show to recap his weekend and talk about his career as an Outlaw! It's Open Red, the Official Podcast of the World of Outlaws!Read more: Open Red Ep 55 - Daryn Pittman
By: Tony Veneziano
WILMOT, WI — July 19, 2017 — The World of Outlaws Craftsman® Sprint Car Series hits the track at Wilmot Raceway in Wisconsin on Saturday, July 29 for the running of the Badger 40. The event will mark the fifth visit to Wilmot, dating back to 2006.
David Gravel, who is third in points this season on the strength of a career-high 10 wins, was victorious at Wilmot Raceway last year to remain undefeated in World of Outlaws Craftsman Sprint Car Series competition at the track. The young driver also won at Wilmot with the series in 2014. Gravel recently earned that tenth win of the season in the Brad Doty Classic at Attica Raceway Park in Ohio.Read more: Outlaws Visit Wilmot for Badger 40
By: Tony Veneziano
HARTFORD, MI — July 18, 2017 — The World of Outlaws Craftsman® Sprint Car Series will hit the track at Hartford Speedway on Friday, July 28 for the "Battle of Michigan." The event will mark the series eighth overall visit to the track and first since the surface was re-configured during this past off-season to a three-eighths-mile. It will also be the series only visit of the year to the state of Michigan.Read more: Hartford Prepares for Battle of Michigan
CONCORD, NC — July 17, 2017 — When a race fan hears "Knoxville" one thing immediately comes to mind: the 5-Hour Energy Knoxville Nationals, the largest Sprint Car event held annually at Knoxville Raceway in early August, this year from August 9-12.
The small town of Knoxville that sits 40 miles southeast of the state capitol of Iowa has a population of just over 7,000 people. When the the racing industry descends on this small town, the population nearly triples for what is referred to as the "Super Bowl" of 410 Sprint Car racing at Knoxville Raceway.Read more: 5-Hour Knoxville Nationals Nears
|DIRTcar Nationals/Volusia
|Event Info
|DIRTcar Nationals/Volusia
|Event Info
|DIRTcar Nationals/Volusia
|Event Info


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Monday's Maven
Monday's Maven
Full Name: Jordan Mangum
blog: My Angle of Repose
Kids: Seth (6), Lucy (4), Hazel (3), Avery (19 months)
Location: Durham, NC
One Word that Describes You:
What makes you smile? The things my children say, a plate full of good food, a clean house, harvest from the garden, happy children, a new coat
What is one of your dreams you hope to accomplish soon? Create a music room in the house, take the whole family abroad, build a chicken coop in the backyard, go to law school…(I know you said just one, I couldn't choose)
One of Your favorite motherhood moments?
Listening and watching my children discover the world.
What is your guilty pleasure?
Guilty…pleasure…hmmm. McDonald's French Fries. They're the best.
What do you love most about you? I'm never bored, there's always something going on in my head at least.
Favorite Restaurant? Fresco Italian Cafe in Salt Lake City
Who is your hero? My Dr. Gooch. For so many reasons and mostly putting up with me.
Your advice to other moms: Stay one step ahead. Children are super smart and depend on you to direct those sharp minds. I nearly always encounter "breakdown" when I let them get ahead of me. This isn't easy. Also, smile at their grungy little faces. It has the power to change the mood of a little person. Do something new everyday. Say "I love you" 20 times a day at least. Keep it simple stupid. Ignore the mess.
Thank you Jordan, I have fallen in love with her blog, it helps that it is first in my Google Reader then I always see it. I just adore it, be sure to make a visit.
Tags: Monday's Maven


text:
NEED HELP?Call9702041930
Phone Center Hrs: Mon-Fri 6:00AM - 4:00PM MST
Email: email@example.com
Tuxedo Distributors
Tuxedo Distributors, LLC, is a leading importer of high quality automotive repair equipment manufactured in the Peoples Republic of China. Founded in 2004, we formed a strategic alliance with Kernel International Trading (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. which has been critical to our success. Having a strong Chinese partner has benefited us and our distributors with an equipment refinement and development process not found with many other Chinese vendors. This has enabled us to penetrate American markets with quality and value added automotive repair equipment in an unprecedented way. Another unique aspect of our business model is the strategic partnerships we have formed with many of our distributors, allowing us to warehouse inventory across the country in over 10 satellite locations. Our state of the art systems give us the capability to offer same day shipping from the nearest warehouse for fast freight delivery times and low freight rates, providing our distributors with an unparalleled competitive advantage. In addition, we maintain a 70,000 sq. ft warehouse in Cleburne, Texas with a comprehensive inventory of lifts, wheel service equipment, accessories and parts and a staff of trained service technicians to provide support. Over the last 10 years Tuxedo has succeeded in distributing thousands of pieces of equipment that have proven the test of time for reliability, durability and customer satisfaction. We look forward to the opportunity to prove to you that the professional, dedicated team at Tuxedo is ready to deliver.
Products (Total Items: 87)
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FAQ & Site Info
AboutTrent Enterprises
American based company
About Our Company
Trent Enterprises is the premiere online wholesaler distributor and closeout company that helps small business to compete against larger enterprises by offering high-quality goods at prices close to those all which large chains purchase. No minimum order giving small business the opportunity to quickly turn merchandise rather then having the dollars tied up in inventory.
Trent Enterprises helps small stores to compete with big chains on both selection and price. At Trent Enterprises small business owners can order their goods ranging from Hosiery, Socks, Footwear, General Merchandise and more.
Proudly Serving the Industry Since 1998
The MISSION - IS TO HELP You Make Money and Grow Your Business!!! and to create lifetime customers.
Trent Enterprises is here to help you make money, because the better you do, the better we do.
Never Hesitate To Communicate with US!
Trent Enterprises connection consistently tries to maintain the lowest in the industry to provide you with the highest quality merchandise at the wholesale level and have the most competitive prices on the market to benefit you whether your a business owner and looking to increase profit or a customer looking for yourself, friends and family or a startup business.
Trent Enterprises is continually updating our site with new Products, Bulk Opportunities and Closeouts.
If you are a reseller of our merchandise, you have our permission to copy and use our item images and descriptions.
Corporate Headquarters
Trent Enterprises
Illinois, USA
We operate form a warehouse location and facilities. Because we are processing orders throughout the day, all orders are shipped directly to our customers, and we do not have customer pick-up or showroom hours.
Website Address:
Online eCrater Store Address:
Sales Inquiries: firstname.lastname@example.com
Return Shipping Support: email@example.com
Customer Retations Administrator: firstname.lastname@example.com
PayPal Verified:
Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TrentEnterprise
Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/TrentEnterprise
Thank you for visiting us. We look forward to doing business with you and keeping you as a valued, long-term customer. We promise to do our best to meet your needs. Your suggestions and creative ideas are always welcome to help serve more efficiently. Questions or concerns about our proucts? Contact Cusomer Relations Administrator @ firstname.lastname@example.com.
Wishing you the very best of business
Your friends at Trent Enterprises


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There has been a new addition to the
barn house with this sparkly old hobby horse that I gave a facelift. The before: You don't want to see it so I don't have it. It was pretty ugly. This was just in my parent's basement & they wanted to see if I would have any use for it, so I said why not. I painted up my new "pony" & finished it off with a coat of clear glitter paint. Right now I'm just keeping my new creation in the corner of my office for a little extra fun.
The "cotton candy" saddle & orange saddle pad.
Do you have any horses in your home?


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Advertising as a Signal of Quality, A New Explanation
The present article provides a unied explanation for several phenomena related to advertising by firms. (i) Advertising without repeat purchase of the product, (ii) advertising from established brands, or post-introductory, (iii) simultaneous advertising from low and high quality firms, (iv) its persistence and pro-cyclicality. The explanation is original because it rests upon oligopolistic interaction. The analysis hinges upon two fundamental results. The first is that advertising allows separation when a signal via prices only does not. The second is that purely dissipative advertising can be used to strategically deter entry. Hence, a link is established between entry deterrence and signaling.
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|Date of creation:
|Sep 1995
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: Piazza Scaravilli, 2, and Strada Maggiore, 45, 40125 Bologna
Phone: +39 051 209 8019 and 2600
Fax: +39 051 209 8040 and 2664
Web page: http://www.dse.unibo.it
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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Kihlstrom, Richard E & Riordan, Michael H, 1984. "Advertising as a Signal," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 92(3), pages 427-450, June.
- Kyle Bagwell & Garey Ramey, 1988.
"Advertising and Limit Pricing,"
RAND Journal of Economics,
The RAND Corporation, vol. 19(1), pages 59-71, Spring.
- Kyle Bagwell & Garey Ramey, 1987. "Advertising and Limit Pricing," Discussion Papers 729, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science.
- Steven A Matthews & Doron Fertig, 1990. "Advertising Signals of Product Quality," Discussion Papers 881, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science.
- Jaskold Gabszewicz, J. & Thisse, J. -F., 1979.
"Price competition, quality and income disparities,"
Journal of Economic Theory,
Elsevier, vol. 20(3), pages 340-359, June.
- GABSZEWICZ, Jean J. & THISSE, Jacques-François, "undated". "Price competition, quality and income disparities," CORE Discussion Papers RP 370, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
- Russell Cooper & Thomas W. Ross, 1984. "Prices, Product Qualities and Asymmetric Information: The Competitive Case," Review of Economic Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 51(2), pages 197-207.
- Bagwell, Kyle & Riordan, Michael H, 1991. "High and Declining Prices Signal Product Quality," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 81(1), pages 224-239, March.
- Kyle Bagwell & Michael Riordan, 1988. "High and Declining Prices Signal Product Quality," Discussion Papers 808, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science.
- Klein, Benjamin & Leffler, Keith B, 1981. "The Role of Market Forces in Assuring Contractual Performance," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 89(4), pages 615-641, August.
- Michael H. Riordan, 1986. "Monopolistic Competition with Experience Goods," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 101(2), pages 265-279.
- Nelson, Philip, 1974. "Advertising as Information," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 82(4), pages 729-754, July/Aug.. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
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Reuters Staff
1 Min Read
April 26 (Reuters) - Giglio Group SpA:
* Creates with Class Editori joint venture which provides for acquisition by company of 50 percent of Class TV Moda Holding Srl Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage: (Gdynia Newsroom)
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After news broke of actress Jennifer Aniston's wedding to actor Justin Theroux, thousands of people online began sharing a photo of who they thought was Aniston, standing in a beautiful gown with her back facing the camera.
There was just one problem — it wasn't her.
The photo was posted on Facebook fan page devoted to Aniston, where it racked up over 300,000 likes and 27,000 shares, Cosmopolitan reported.
Here's the post.


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Kambi Group Q3-2015 Reports -
Kambi Group plc delivered a robust quarterly financial Wednesday reporting an increase of 35 percent in Revenues for the third quarter.
Basketball Star and Bar-Bar-Black Sheep slot launch -
It wouldnt be Golden Riviera Casino if it didnt include exciting new surprises every now and then. The casino is now launching Basketball Star and Bar-Bar-Black Sheep Slot games, two widely anticipated new games that are set to bring players a breath of fresh air.
2015 WSOP November 9 This Sunday November 8 -
The 2015 World Series of Poker Main Event final table is back in the news this week as preparations are made for the nine finalists to gather again at the Rio in Las Vegas Sunday to compete for the top prize.
DDOS Attacks Becoming More frequent vs online gambling sites -
Online gambling numbers that operators should ponder include the fact that 9 in 20 online companies are targeted by Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks; 3 out of 4 that are attacked are attacked more than once; 9 out of 10 sites that have been targeted in a DDoS assault were hit in the last 12 months; and 1 in those 10 have been hit in the last week.
Arjel Q3-2015 Report -
The latest quarterly results from the French online gambling regulator ARJEL show a persistent pattern of weakness, with sportsbetting the only vertical making any real impact with a year-on-year rise of 3 percent to Euro 62 million, thanks to a 5 percent increase in punters to 165,000.
#dfs Our readers may recall New Jersey Governor Chris Christie's outburst during the third Republican presidential debate, in which he ridiculed the media focus on regulating daily fantasy sports when there are so many more urgent issues on the world stage at present.
Betsoft and Nuworks Launch New Slots -
Betsoft's latest game is titled Alkemor's Tower, a five reel, anyway-pays 3D video slot set against a background of a fantastical world and the mysticism and magic of the legendary wizard Alkemore. The theme features the forces of elemental magic fire, earth, air and water with each element having its own powerful effect on the richly animated reels.
The BHA said that its offer to bookmakers who signed up prior to the deadline, which included cheaper rates and the status of Authorised Betting Partner, failed.
New Sportsbook Launches in Australia BlueBet. -
Former chief executive of William Hill Australia, Sportingbet and Centrebet exec Michael Sullivan is back in the fray with the launch of the all-Australian bookmaker BlueBet.
HRTV horse racing television network Rebranded to TVG2 -
TVG said it offers consumers and distributors an improved product following a rebrand that allows it to leverage its production infrastructure.
Paddy Power has hired Sarah Ellis Davies as marketing innovations director -
Together with Paddy Powers in-house innovation team, Davies will look for new commercial opportunities using customer behaviour and product data as a base. She will be tasked with executing marketing and brand strategies across new channels and technologies.
DafaBet Official Betting Partner of Football Association of Wales -
Online gaming operator DafaBet has expanded its relationship with the Football Association of Wales (FAW), signing a three-year deal to become FAWs official betting partner until August 2018.
Mecca Bingo adds Playtech One Content -
Playtechs omni-channel content Playtech ONE has launched across Mecca Bingos complete product range expanding on its existing long-term relationship.
Harry Lang has been appointed by Pinnacle Sports as marketing director -
Lang previously served as interim head of digital marketing for Rank Groups Mecca Bingo business prior to which he was head of games marketing for casino and bingo at bwin.party digital entertainment.
Sportech PLC VAT Claim Postponed -
Sportech PLCs long-running GBP 97 million VAT claim appeal regarding its Spot the Ball game has been delayed due to a lack of judicial availability.
Hong Kong Jockey Club's eWin website went down over the weekend -
Hong Kong Jockey Club's eWin website went down over the weekend, frustrating punters and resulting in an estimated drop of 4.9 percent, or HK$65 million compared with the same race meeting last year, for the company.
Research specialist SuperData has issued a bullish forecast for the eSport vertical, predicting that annual revenues will soar from the current $748 million to $1.9 billion by 2018, with significant growth in Europe and the United States.
Pokerstars Changes VIP Program -
#pokerstars Eric Hollreiser, communications chief at PokerStars and Amaya Inc., issued a statement via the company blog on Sunday regarding important changes designed to enhance the recreational playing experience and re-emphasise the fun and social aspects of online poker while attracting and retaining more players.
Grand Parade Hires John OReilly and Martyn Miller -
Grand Parade, the gaming technology company that has worked with Betfair, Coral, Bwin, Ladbrokes, Sky Bet, Sportech and NYX Gaming Group over the past six years has announced the appointment of online gambling industry veterans John OReilly and Martyn Miller to its executive management team.
Are Daily Fantasy SPorts Threats To Lotteries and Casinos -
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2015 EPT Euro 10,300 High Roller Results -
US online and live poker pro Byron Kaverman topped cashes in two previous high roller events in Malta this weekend by winning the European Poker Tour Euro 10,300 High Roller competition, besting a field of 209 opponents to claim the Euro 430,800 lion's share of the Euro 2,037,000 prize pool.
2015 EPT Malta Main Event Results -
Glasgow-based online poker ace Niall 'Firaldo87' Farrell won his first major live title event over the weekend, taking down the Euro 5,300 European Poker Tour Malta main event for Euro 534,330 after a two-way heads up chop with runner-up Alen Bilic (26) a mainly online player from Bosnia.
Mobile Gambling More Profitable then Desktop Gamblers -
New research by Optimove indicates that mobile operations are likely to be the most profitable for operators, with mobile users twice as likely to switch to real-money games - and twice as fast - as their desktop-using counterparts.
80 Computers Seized in Malaysian Online Gambling Raid -
The persistence of the Malaysian police in their efforts to exterminate online gambling is well known, but it seems that demand for internet gambling is undiminished...and there are clearly operators prepared to take the risk of police raids.
DraftKings Looking to Raise a further $200 million from investors -
The Boston Business Journal reported on the funding drive Thursday, noting that the company has in the past raised a total of $430 million.
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Title Outsourcing - a Brief Explanation of the Outsourcing Process
Title outsourcing involves finding liens against the current owner of a property listed for sale. It is a service provided by autonomous title search companies. The main aim of conducting a search is to protect the lender and borrower from such liens in the future. Whether you want to buy a commercial or residential property, title outsourcing is ideal. The price for searching a commercial property title may be higher if it is too valuable or has very complicated documents. When the public records are being scrutinized, the property owner is not notified.
If you decide to have this procedure carried out on your behalf, it is only the professional abstractor or searcher hired who will know about it. Perhaps you are wondering how long a title outsourcing company takes to complete your job. This will depend mainly on the complexity of your project. Some searching tasks are completed within twelve to twenty-four hours. Moderately complicated searches can take twenty-four to seventy-two hours to complete. A title search project for a property with records that spans more than ten years may take more than three days.
The duration that a title outsourcing company will require to finish your project will also depend on the number of abstractors it has employed. Some independent title searchers own numerous abstractors who complete tasks quickly and accurately. In addition, many outsourced companies use internet-based systems. They may be hired by any property buyer or mortgage firm in the USA. The results of a search exercises such as updates or reports are shared quickly over the internet using various communication methods.
Email is often used as major document-sharing method where documents are scanned and saved as PDF files to encourage easy viewing on a computer. One may also decide to print out the downloaded PDF files. The hard copies could also be sent to you by traditional mailing service although processing and shipping fees may apply. When choosing a title outsourcing firm, you need to be careful and serious. There may be several companies operating in this niche, in this country, but some of them are not to be trusted.
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Since they have multiple branches overseas, they can guarantee quick delivery, high quality and creative results and constant support whenever you need it. Another detail you might want to consider is customer involvement. You should be involved in the entire title outsourcing procedure in person, on phone, fax or internet. Pay attention to budget and pricing models. Some great outside contractors give you hourly and fixed pricing models. The two pricing models enable you to survive when title search projects from your clients are either many or few.
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Candlelight Pavilion Dinner Theatre follows its excellent Guys And Dolls revival with an equally fine production of another mid-20th-century classic, the one that started it all, Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II's Oklahoma!
American musical theater changed for good on March 31, 1943 at the St. James Theatre in New York City when Oklahoma! opened on Broadway minus chorus girls, one-liners, or bright-and-bouncy opening production number.
Oklahoma! was, and is to this day, the first truly modern Broadway musical, one in which songs take the place of dialog, not only advancing plot but providing audiences with one Hit Parade favorite after another.
The majority of Oklahoma!'s story unfolds over the course of a single "oh what a beautiful day," the day of the box social dance. As Curly (Gregg Hammer) and Laurey (Michaelia Leigh) exchange barbed words, their flirtatious undertone makes it clear that these two independent souls are made for each other, though like Carousel's Julie Jordan and Billy Bigelow two years later, this Rodgers & Hammerstein couple only allow themselves to sing around and not about the love they so obviously feel for each other.
Though not a "musical comedy" in the pre-1943 sense, Oklahoma! does have its share of comic relief in scenes revolving around the inability of budding teen vixen Ado Annie (Monica Ricketts) to say "No" to either her beau Will Parker (Michael Skrzek) or Ali Hakim (Jonathan Arana), the Persian peddler traveling from town to town selling his exotic wares.
Later, the introduction of the dangerously twisted Jud Fry (Jeffrey Ricca), who's got his own perverted designs on Laurey, makes it perfectly clear that Oklahoma! has more to offer than light-hearted frothy fun.
In fact, it's this perfect blend of the comedic and the dramatic that keeps Oklahoma! as fresh as if it had been created only yesterday, book writer Hammerstein having taken Lynn Riggs' play Green Grow The Lilacs and complemented it with Rodgers' unforgettable melodies and his own's plot-propelling lyrics.
And talk about song classics: "Oh, What A Beautiful Mornin'," "The Surrey With The Fringe On The Top," "I Cain't Say No," "People Will Say We're In Love," "All Er Nuthin'," and the infectious title song. This one's got them all.
Director Chuck Ketter clearly knows Oklahoma! like the back of his hand, his savvy revealed from the get-go by his casting choices. It's refreshing to say the least to see all but a couple of "older" characters played by under-30s, or at the very least by performers who look 20something.
As Curly and Laurey, Hammer and Leigh make for a highly appealing pair of romantic leads. Ricketts is a bubbly delight as Ado Annie, Skrzek is ah-shucks adorable (and a fantastic dancer) as Will, and Candlelight staple Arana completes the B-plot romantic triangle to comical effect as Ali Hakim.
Ketter's smartest casting choice, and one that's all too rarely done, is to cast Judd Fry as hot, handsome, and hunky. Ricca's Judd is all three, with a baritone to match, adding an oft-ignored layer of repressed sexual desire to Laurey's proclaimed disgust at being pursued by her dark and twisted handyman.
Dynell Leigh reprises her fabulously feisty turn as Aunt Eller from last year's Cabrillo Music Theatre Oklahoma! revival, once again proving herself a Southland treasure, with able support from Sam Nisbitt (Andrew Carnes) and Garrett Chandler (Ike Skidmore).
Dustin Ceithamer recreates Agnes de Mille's once groundbreaking, now iconic choreography, highlighted by the two-stepping "Kansas City," the high-energy "The Farmer And The Cowman," and the first-of-its-kind "Dream Ballet" featuring the dance talents of Dylan Pass and Stephanie Urko as Dream Curly and Dream Laurey.
Ensemble cast members prove themselves more than up to the task of executing Ceithamer/de Mille's energetic dance moves. Snaps all-around to Scott Arnold (Fred), Rachel Burkert (Vivian), Sam Chlanda (Kate), Emerson Dauwalder (a deliciously dimwitted Slim), Emily Dauwalder (who scores extra points for Gertie Cummings' hysterical shriek of a laugh), Michael Gonzalez (Mike), Amy Hammer (Ellen), Kristin O'Connell (Sylvie), Chad Takeda (Joe), and E.Y. Washington (Cord Elam).
Douglas Austin's musical direction assures fine vocal performances to Candlelight's prerecorded orchestral tracks.
Ketter's particularly colorful set design is complemented by Mary Warde's 1906 costumes (provided by Glendale Centre Theatre and The Theatre Company) and by Mary Warde and Mischon Gruber-Gonzales' larger-than-life wigs. Steve Giltner of StreetLite LLC lights all of the above with his accustomed professional expertise.
Daniel Moorefield is stage manager. Orlando Montes is technical director. Executive chef Juan Alvarado and sous chef Maria Sandoval serve up Candlelight's invariably yummy cuisine. Kudos as always to Candlelight Pavilion owner/producer Ben D. Bollinger, general manager/vice president Michael Bollinger, acting producer Mindy Teuber, and especially to artistic director John LaLonde.
Candlelight will next be moving into the 60s with How To Succeed In Business Without Really Trying before offering dinner-and-a-show stagings of Mary Poppins, Footloose The Musical, and more.
In the meantime, audiences can sit back and relish the many pleasures of the grandfather of all contemporary musicals, the one-and-only Oklahoma!, well worth a drive out Claremont way.
Candlelight Pavilion, 455 W. Foothill Blvd., Claremont.
–Steven Stanley
March 13, 2106
Photos: Demetrios Katsantonis
Tags: Candlelight Pavilion Dinner Theatre, Los Angeles Theater Review, Rodgers & Hammerstein


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This is a favorite with a variety of textures and flavors. It's a combination of recipes which I love - part caldo verde, part my fave dish at my local Italian place. Great comfort food on a cold day.
- Yield
- Serves about 4 for a main dish or 6 as a starter.
- 3/4 lb. orecchiette ("little ears") pasta
- 1 19-oz can cannellini
- 1 1/2 pounds hot Italian sausage or chorizo, casings removed
- 1 1/2 pounds (usually 1 big bunch) broccoli rabe, cleaned and chopped into 1 1/2 inch pieces
- 4 garlic cloves
- Pinch of pepperoncini (red pepper flakes)
- 2 cups beef broth
- 1 15-oz can whole San Marzano tomatoes or 1/2 cup really good jarred marinara
- 3 T good olive oil
- Freshly grated Parmesan
- In a large saucepan, boil pasta for about 5-6 minutes. You want it very al dente (it'll finish cooking in the preparation below) Heat 2 T of the olive oil in a non-stick skillet. Crush 3 garlic cloves into pan and add red pepper flakes, stirring until garlic is golden and both give off an aroma. Crumble sausage into pan and saute about 2-3 minutes. Remove sausage with slotted spoon and keep warm in a dish or bowl nearby. Crush 1 more garlic clove. Add chopped broccoli rabe to pan, stir to coat with oil and pan juices, then pour in beef broth until partially submerged. Partially cover and let broccoli rabe braise for about 5 minutes or so (you want it cooked but not too soft). Break up canned tomatoes with your fingers and add to pan with sausage and pasta and stir together. Cook, partially covered until liquid in pan reduces a little (you want it a little brothy but not swimming in soup). Just before serving, drizzle remaining T olive oil, salt and pepper to taste and grate Parmesan over dish (serve with additional cheese).


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Meet Single Women In Dennis Kansas 67341
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Exactly what the "Cook House" did not have in living quarters, it more than made up for in its function to feed hungry lumberjacks and mill workers. While the living area was only 380 Sq. Ft., the kitchen area and dining room was substantial. The guys made a check by their name each time they consumed a meal. At the end of their pay period, the meals were subtracted from their paychecks. It was the very best location to eat in the area. Just the males, who resided in the bunkhouses, were allowed to eat there. There were no other dining establishments in Izee. The single guys raved about the food.
Informing the fact about who you are and exactly what you're looking for will make the whole online dating process a lot more worth your while. Besides, what have you got to lose anyway? Dating sites indicate that you can potentially meet single girls by the dozen, so who cares if a few of them aren't switched on a by a man who isn't really over 6 foot high or rakin' in million dollar paychecks? Be sincere about who you are and exactly what you want and you're a lot most likely to get it.
When I was six years old, the only time that I had ever seen a rattlesnake was. I thought it was interesting, nearly getting to it prior to my preferred uncle Hugh, who I was going to, drew his pistol, shooting it's avoid. I actually didn't wish to see any. Robert, however, had learned everything about them in the Boy Scouts handbook. We stopped to cut 2, four-foot long, branches with a Y at the end. Robert said, "If we see any rattlers, we'll pin them down to the ground with our sticks. They can't bite you if you press the Y stick down on their back, just behind the head." It sounded good, anyhow.
Use This In Order To Find Hot Women In Dennis Kansas 67341
With Asian internet dating immediately find single girls who are likewise seeking to date somebody that is their match. When you sign up with an Asian internet dating site you can take a look at women's images and profiles. Easily find the woman that you have actually been searching for. You might want to correspond with a couple of women and date each of them to make sure you find the ideal match for you.
If she asks you why your marital relationship ended, try: "We grew apart, what films do you like?" A 3 word sentence and change the topic. Individuals pretend they are interested however they are not. They will then tell you their story and you will discover it as tiring as they found your story.
In Summary
With the development of the online dating websites, the earlier dating stamps have been modified in much level. It has really created interaction a million times immediate and convenient and has actually likewise helped in ameliorating the kinships in multiple ways. You do not have to spend your hard made money in the public places. You should sign up for at least one of these websites. They proffer their services without charging anything. Will you get anything better than this?
Find more: Damar KS 67632 Single Ladies Who Want A Date


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Netflix is gearing up to get lost in space!
The streaming goliath announced on Wednesday (June 29) that they have ordered 10 one-hour episodes of an updated version of Irwin Allen's classic '1960s television series Lost in Space. The show will revolve around the Robinson family, a group in crisis after being stranded in space light years from their intended destination.
Described as "equal parts family drama and sci-fi adventure," the Robinsons find themselves battling a strange new alien environment as well as their own personal demons in a survival story for the ages.
"The original series so deftly captured both drama and comedy, and that made it very appealing to a broad audience," Netflix Vice President of Original Content Cindy Holland said in a statement. "The current creative team's reimagining of the series for Netflix is sure to appeal to both fans who fondly remember the original and to create a new generation of enthusiasts around the world."
While the original series aired on CBS between 1965 and 1968, a feature film adapted from the show was released in 1998. With a cast that featured Matt LeBlanc, William Hurt, Heather Graham, and Lacey Chabert, the movie went on to gross over $136 million at the box office.
Netflix's Lost in Space reboot is scheduled to debut in 2018.
What do you think? Do you plan to watch the new Lost in Space?
For the latest pop culture news and voting, make sure to sign up for the People's Choice newsletter!


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Arizona Seaside Trailer (2007)
01 January 2007 Comedy 94 mins
Comedy - Elena, a young factory worker from Kazakhstan with Nashville dreams, is duped by a wannabe pimp and oddball gangster. Through a comedy of errors she crosses paths with a sweet con man moonlighting as a Robin Hood for stray animals. - Roy Werner, Kim Delgado, Sanjay
Watch the official Arizona Seaside 2007 trailer in HD below or find more Arizona Seaside videos on Vidimovie.


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If it were in the uk, where 16s the legal age, how old would be too old to date?
Most Helpful Guy
There is no law dictating who a 16 year old can have sex with, but there are many laws dictating who can have sex with a 16 year old - if you follow. (I say "have sex", because technically there are no laws concerning courtship, as long as you abide by the laws concerning sexual affairs.)
In the United States the age of consent ranges from 16-18 depending on the state. In my state (Illinois), the age of consent is 17, with the limit of a 3 year age difference. Meaning that a 17 year old can legally have sex with someone as young as 14, and you can be no older than 20 to have sex with a 17 year old. In any case that violates a law concerning age of consent, the younger party is innocent, and the older party is charged with the crime (which is what I was referring to in the first sentence).11|00|0
In my state, it's called the 3 year defense. So, having sex with someone underaged within 3 years is still statutory rape, but due to the age difference, you have a *defense* for it in court. But you could still get thrown in jail for it.
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Mmmm. I'm not sure if most states have it at 16, though I know quite a few do have it at that. Though, even though they can legally have sex at 16 with whomever they wish (I think), it's still illegal to film them naked or having sex until they're 18, even in the age: 16 states. In Texas it's 17, I know. Lemme see.
Oup. Yep. Like 30 some odd states it's 16: the majority. And only 10 states have it set at 18. I personally don't see much of a difference between a 16 year old and an 18 year old, anyway. At least, I was about the same in both ages.
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I was thinking 20, but according to the half your age plus seven rule, it does not work, so 19 would be the maximum. I can relate, because when I was 16 I wouldn't be interested in anyone more than 3 years older, I felt like it was a bit too old for my taste, lol.11|00|0


text:
The Highland School (firstname.lastname@example.com)
Fri, 04 Jan 1980 20:20:57 -0500
Hi Connie,
My experience is that children who start school in a democratic
environment have no problem rejecting unwanted suggestions or
withstanding well meaning attempts to influence their activities. On
the other hand, I have seen children with traditional schooling
backgrounds seek out guidance from staff often in a very direct fashion
- "Tell me what to do." Not providing answers to fill the void - even
when asked - can then be part of a staff member's responsibility. It
really depends on the situation! Candy Landvoigt
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.0b3 on Thu Mar 29 2001 - 11:15:56 EST


text:
Some bands never fade away, not from your memory, and not from your heart. One such band surely is Blondie, and the lead singer Deborah Harry. This perhaps could be one of the shortest songs ever that kick ass real hard.
"Don't touch Me, You're Too Hot", could be Debbie's way of saying that music could be made and sung without writing lengthy poetry, and still get you obsessed! Of course, this is from her solo album "Necessary Evil" released in September 2007.
While Blondie fans wait for the new album to arrive or at least be announced, it could be a good idea to play this all day and night!