text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 16, 2011
|Filing date
|Dec 19, 2006
|Priority date
|Dec 19, 2006
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|William V. Da Palma, Baiju D. Mandalia, Victor S. Moore, Wendi L. Nusbickel
|Original Assignee
|Nuance Communications, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (25), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (10), Classifications (4), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of automated speech systems and, more particularly, to inferring switching conditions for switching between modalities in a speech application environment extended for text-based interactive services.
2. Description of the Related Art
Interactive Voice Response (IVR) systems are often used to provide automated customer service via a voice channel of a communication network. IVR systems permit routine customer requests to be quickly, efficiently, and automatically handled. When a request is non-routine or when a caller has difficulty with the IVR system, a transfer can be made from the IVR system to a customer service representative. Even when human interactions are needed, the IVR system can obtain necessary preliminary information, such as an account number and a reason for a call, which can ensure callers are routed to an appropriate human agent and to ensure human-to-human interactive time minimized. Successful use of IVR systems allows call center to be minimally manned while customers are provided a high level of service with relatively low periods spent in waiting queues.
IVR systems, especially robust ones having natural language understanding (NLU) capabilities and/or large context free grammars, represent a huge financial and technological investment. This investment includes costs for purchasing and maintaining IVR infrastructure hardware, IVR infrastructure software, and voice applications executing upon this infrastructure. An additional and significant reoccurring cost can relate to maintaining a sufficient number of voice quality channels to handle anticipated call volume. Further, each of these channels consumes an available port of a voice server, which has a limited number of costly ports. Each channel also consumes a quantity of bandwidth needed for establishing a voice quality channel between a caller and the IVR system.
One innovative solution for extending an IVR infrastructure to permit text-based interactive services is detailed in co-pending patent application Ser. No. 11/612,996 entitled "Using an Automated Speech Application Environment to Automatically Provide Text-Based Interactive Services." More specifically, the co-pending application teaches that a chat robot object, referred to as a Chatbot, can dynamically convert text received from a text-messaging client to input consumable by a voice server and can dynamically convert output from the voice server to text appropriately formatted for the client. From a perspective of the voice server, the text-based interactions with the text-messaging client are handled in the manner and with the same hardware/software that is used to handle voice-based interactions. The enhanced speech application environment allows for a possibility of switching between modalities, without interrupting a pre-existing communication session, which is elaborated upon in co-pending patent application Ser. No. 11/613,040 entitled "Switching Between Modalities in a Speech Application Environment Extended for Text-Based Interactive Services."
Different advantages exist for a text-messaging modality and for a voice modality. In a text modality, for example, a user may have difficulty entering lengthy responses. This is particularly true when a user has poor typing skills or is using a cumbersome keypad of a resource constrained device (e.g., a Smartphone) to enter text. In a voice modality, a speech recognition engine may have difficulty understanding a speaker with a heavy accent, or who speaks with an obscure dialect. A speech recognition engine can also have difficulty understanding speech transmitted over a low quality voice channel. Further, speech recognition engines can have low accuracy when speech recognizing proper nouns, such as names and street addresses. In all of these situations, difficulties may be easily overcome by switching from a voice modality to a text messaging modality. No known system has an ability to switch between voice and text modalities during a communication session. Teachings regarding inferential modality switching are non-existent.
The present invention teaches a solution applicable to a communication system having multiple interactive modalities that permits users to dynamically switch modalities during a communication session. For example, a user can dynamically switch between a text-messaging modality and a voice modality while engaged in a communication session with an automated response system, such as an IVR. The invention can infer a need to switch modalities based upon conditions of a communication session. When this need is inferred, a programmatic action associated with modality shifting can occur.
For instance, a user can be prompted to switch modalities, a modality switch can automatically occur, or a new modality can be automatically added to the communication session, which results in a multi mode communication session or a dual mode communication session. In a multi mode communication session more than one input/output modality (e.g., speech and text) can be permitted for a single device/client application communicating over a single communication channel. In a dual mode communication session, different devices (e.g., a phone and a computer) each associated with a different modality and/or communication channel can be used during an interactive communication session. That is, a user can respond to a session prompt by speaking a response into a phone or by typing a response into a text-messaging client, either of which produces an equivalent result.
It should be appreciated that conventional solutions for providing voice and text-messaging services implement each service in a separate and distinct server. Each of these services would include server specific applications tailored for a particular modality. For example, a VoiceXML based application controlling voice-based interactions can execute on a speech server and a different XML based application controlling text-based interactions can execute on a text-messaging server.
Any attempt to shift from a text session to a voice session or vice-versa would require two distinct servers, applications, and communication sessions to be synchronized with each other. For example, if a voice session were to be switched to a text session, a new text session would have to be initiated between a user and a text-messaging server. The text-messaging server would have to initiate an instance of a text-messaging application for the session. Then, state information concerning the voice session would have to be relayed to the text-messaging server and/or the text-messaging application. Finally, the speech application executing in the speech server would need to be exited and the original voice session between the speech server and a user terminated.
These difficulties in switching modalities during a communication session are overcome by using a novel speech application environment that is extended for text-based interactive services. This speech application environment can include a Chatbot server, which manages chat robot objects or Chatbots. Chatbots can dynamically convert text received from a text-messaging client to input consumable by a voice server and to generate appropriately formatted for he client. For example, the Chatbot server can direct text messaging output to a text input API of the voice server, which permits the text to be processed. Additionally, voice markup output can be converted into a corresponding text message by the Chatbot server. The extended environment can use unmodified, off-the-shelf text messaging software and can utilize an unmodified speech applications. Further, the present solution does not require special devices, protocols, or other types of communication artifacts to be utilized.
There are shown in the drawings, embodiments which are presently preferred, it being understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.
The voice server 118, like most voice servers, can include a text mode interface 106, which is typically used by developers, system maintainers, and/or trainers of a speech recognition engine. For example, a set of proprietary, restricted, or standardized (e.g., MRCPv2 INTERPRET) Application Program Interfaces (APIs) can be used for the interface 106. This set of APIs, which are typically not available or accessible within a production environment, can be enabled to create a text input channel that consumes considerably fewer computing resources that a voice channel, which is typically established with the voice server 118 operating in a production environment. In most cases, the text mode interface 106 is present, but dormant, within production voice servers 118. Interface 106 can be enabled for text based interactions with Chatbot server.
Use of interface 106 occurs in a manner transparent to the application server 108 and therefore has no affect on application 119. That is, application 119 and application server 108 remain unaware that the voice server 118 is processing text input via interface 106, as opposed to voice input. The output produced by voice server 118 and sent to Chatbot server 114 can be the same in either case. Further, the output produced by the application server 108 and sent to the Chatbot server 114 can be the same. Thus, multiple communication sessions, one or more being text-based sessions that use interface 106 and others being voice based sessions can be concurrently handled by application server 108. System 110 can be implemented without infrastructure changes to application server 108 (and without changes to voice server 118 assuming interface 106 is present) and without changing code of speech enabled applications 119, This is true, even though the application 119 may lack explicitly coded support for text exchange interactions and would be unable to support such interactions without the disclosed invention. Further, the text exchange interface 110 can be any off-the-shelf text exchange software, which needs not be modified to operate as shown in system 100.
In system 100, the Chatbot server 114 can fetch 121 voice markup 123 associated with a speech enabled application 119, which it executes. The Chatbot server 114 can also relay textual input 120 from interface 110 to send text 122 consumable by voice server 118 via interface 106. The voice server 118 can match the input against a recognition grammar and generate text output 124 for the Chatbot server 114. The Chatbot server 114 can use this output 124 when it executes the application. The application 119 processes this output, which can produce a responsive output, typically in a form of a Voice markup segment, such as VoiceXML (which can further employ the use of the W3C Speech Synthesis Markup Language or SSML). When performing text exchange operations, normal speech synthesis operations performed by the voice server 118 can be bypassed. The Chatbot server 114 can dynamically convert the responsive output from the markup into textual output 126, which interface 110 handles. For example, textual content contained between markup tags can be extracted from the application 119 markup (i.e., the markup tags can be omitted) and included within a text 126 message.
During the communication session, switching engine 115 can perform a switching operation from text-exchange interface 110 to voice interface 112. The switching operation can occur in a fashion transparent to application 119 and can occur without interrupting the communication session. After the switch, voice input 134 can be received from interface 112, which is conveyed to server 118 as voice input 136. Voice output 138 can be generated in response, which is conveyed to voice interface 112 as voice output 140.
From within interface 100, a user can switch from one modality to another, which results in Chatbot server 114 performing a switching operation. This switching can occur in a manner transparent to application 119 and a dialogue state of an existing communication session can be seamlessly maintained.
To illustrate, Chatbot server 114 can switch from the text exchange interface 110 to voice interface 112. The voice interface 112 can be provided through a separate device, such as a phone. After the switch, voice input 134 can be routed as input 136 to Chatbot server 114. The Chatbot server can send the voice input 136 to the voice server 118, which produces text result 138. The Chatbot server can generate new markup after processing result 138, which is sent (not shown) to voice server 118, which returns (not shown) voice output. The voice output can be conveyed to voice interface 112 by Chatbot server 114 as voice output 140.
One feature of the switching engine 115 is an inference module that automatically detect occurrences of conditions of interaction problems. These conditions can be established in step 160 of the illustrated flow chart. In step 162, a value indicative of an interaction problem can be calculated during a communication session. In step 164, the calculated value can be compared against one or more modality switching thresholds. In step 166, when a threshold is exceeded, a modality switching action can be triggered that is associated with the exceeded threshold. In step 168, connection information for the new modality can be determined. A user or a user machine can be queried as necessary. For example, when modality change requires a new telephony connection be established with a phone (associated with voice interface 112) than a telephone number can be required so that Chatbot server 114 can call the phone. This number can be received though user input or can be automatically look-up from a previously established profile. In step 170, modalities can be switched and previous communication channels can be closed as necessary.
A set of illustrative inferential switching conditions, which are not intended to be exhaustive, is shown in table 180. Different conditions can be indicative of a problem with a text exchange modality and with a speech modality. In table 180, a text exchange modality problem that could be corrected by a switch to a voice modality is indicated by symbol "T->V" included in the value column. Symbol "V->" is used to indicate a voice modality problem that could be corrected by a switch to a text exchange modality. Different conditions can optionally have a set of severity levels associated with them, where a modality problem is greater for a higher severity level.
In table 180, conditions associated with text exchange problems include inappropriate text entry, excessively long text input, long delays between input, and out of context input. Inappropriate text can be text indicative of angst or user frustration. Textual swearing or other frustration indicative input, such as "$@#@" or "****" are examples of inappropriate text. A detection of excessively long text input can indicate that a voice modality may be better served for input capture. This is especially true when long delays between input is combined with the long text, which can indicate a user is entering text through a cumbersome interface, such as through a mobile phone keypad, or can simply indicate that a user is an inexpert typist. Long delays between input can indicate user confusion regarding a correct manner to respond to a prompt and/or can indicate that a user is having difficulty typing a response. Out of context input can indicate an interaction problem with an automated system, which may be aggravated by the free form nature of a text-exchange modality. A user repetitively providing out of context input may benefit from switching to a more directed interface, such as dialogue-driven and contextually restrained voice interface.
Conditions associated with a speech modality that are shown in table 180 include recognition accuracy problems and problems with a low quality voice channel. Recognition accuracy problems can result from a speaker who speaks in an unclear fashion or has a strong dialect not easily understood by voice server 118. Additionally, many name, street addresses, and other often unique words or phrases are difficult for a voice server 118 to recognize. Additionally, a low quality voice channel between interface 112 and server 118 can be problematic for a voice modality, but less so for a text exchange modality.
In one embodiments, detection of a problem condition can result in a modality switching action being immediately triggered. In another embodiment, a set of weights (or problem points) and thresholds can be established, where modality switching actions only occur after a sufficient quantity of problem points are accrued to reach or exceed one or more action thresholds. Table 185 provides an example of a table that associates different thresholds with different switching actions.
As shown, a switching action can prompt a user to switch modalities or can occur automatically. A switching action can also switch from automated interactions with the voice server 118 to live interactions with agent 116. Additionally, a switching action can either disable an existing communication modality or not depending on circumstances. For example, when a voice server 118 is having difficulty understanding speech input received form interface 112, an additional and simultaneous text exchange channel can be opened so that input/output can be sent/received by either interface 110 and/or 112. When simultaneously operational, interface 110 and 112 can operate upon the same or different devices and within a same (e.g., multi mode interface) or different interface.
The voice server 208 can include a text input API, which is typically used by developers, system maintainers, and/or trainers of a speech recognition engine. This set of APIs, which are typically not available or accessible within a production environment, can be enabled to permit the voice sever 208 to directly consume text, which requires considerably fewer computing resources than those needed to process voice input, which server 208 typically receives.
As shown, client 204 can send a request 210 to Chatbot server 206 to initialize a text modality channel. Chatbot server 206 can send a channel initialization message 212 to voice server 208, to establish a session. Server 208 can positively respond, causing a channel 214 to be established between servers 206 and 208. Chatbot server 206 can then establish the requested text channel 216 with client 204. After step 216, the Chatbot server 206 can send a request 217 to application sever 209, which causes a speech enabled application to be instantiated. That is, application markup 220 can be conveyed to Chatbot server 206 or execution.
Application initiated prompt 221 can occur, when the Chatbot Server 206 executes the speech enabled application 119. Server 206 can convert 222 markup provided by application 119 into pure text, represented by text prompt 224, which is sent to client 204. For example, prompt 221 can be written in markup and can include:
The voice server 208 can include a text input API, which is typically used by developers, system maintainers, and/or trainers of a speech recognition engine. This set of APIs, which are typically not available or accessible within a production environment, can be enabled to permit the voice server 208 to directly consume text, which requires considerably fewer computing resources than those needed to process voice input, which server 208 typically receives.
As shown, client 204 can send a request 210 to Chatbot server 206 to initialize a text modality channel. Chatbot server 206 can send a channel initialization message 212 to server 208, which uses the text input API. Server 208 can positively respond, causing a channel 214 to be established between servers 206 and 208. Chatbot server 206 can then establish the requested text channel 216 with client 204.
A prompt 220 can be sent from server 208 to server 206 over the voice channel. Server 206 can convert 222 markup provided by server 208 into pure text, represented by text prompt 224, which is sent to client 204. For example, prompt 220 can be written in markup and can include:
Chatbot server 206 can then infer a potential interactions problem 238 that can be alleviated by shifting modalities. For example, long delays between user input and long text input strings can indicate that it would be easier for a user to interact using a voice modality. A modality switching prompt 239 can be conveyed to client 204, which permits a user to either continue using the text exchange modality or to switch to a voice modality. Appreciably, different actions can be taken when a modality problem is detected by the Chatbot server 206. For example, a user can be prompted to switch modalities, a modality switch can automatically be performed, and a switch between the voice server and a human agent can occur along with any related modality switch. Additionally, different problems can cause an actual switch to occur or can cause an additional channel of communication to be opened without closing an existing channel.
Assuming the user opts to switch modalities, a switch code 240 to that effect can be conveyed to the Chatbot server 206. A telephone number for a voice device 202 can be optionally provided to server 206 by the user. The telephone number can also be automatically looked up from a previously stored profile or dialogue session store. Once the Chatbot server 206 finds the number 241, it can call the voice client 202, thereby establishing 242 voice channel. The original channel with client 204 can then be optionally closed 243. That is, concurrent text and voice input/output from each client 202-204 is permitted for a common communication session.
Voice input 244 can be conveyed from voice client 202 to Chatbot server 206, which relays the voice input 245 to voice server 208. Voice server 208 can speech recognize the input 245 and provide recognition results 248 to the Chatbot server 206. The executing speech enabled application can apply 250 application logic to the results, which generates markup 252, which is conveyed to voice server 208. Voice outputs 254 can be generated from the markup 252, which is conveyed through Chatbot server 206 to voice client 202 as voice output 255.
Eventually, client 202 can send an end session request 260 to Chatbot server 206, which closes the channel 262 to the voice server 208 as well as the channel 264 to the voice client 202.
The communication device 310 can be any communication device linking a customer 302 to network 360. Devices 310 can include, for example, mobile telephones, line-based phones, computers, notebooks, computing tablets, personal data assistants (PDAs), wearable computing devices, entertainment systems, interactive media devices, and the like. Specific categories of devices 310 include a text exchange device 312, a voice communication device 314, and a multi mode device 316.
A text exchange device 312 is a computing device capable of real-time interactive text exchanges. These text exchanges include online chatting, instant messaging, and text messaging. A communication device 314 can be any device capable of real-time voice communication over network 360. This includes VoIP based communication, traditional circuit switched communications, two-way radio communications, and the like. A multi mode device 316 is a device capable of engaging in text exchanges and in voice communications. Some multi mode devices 316 are restricted to one mode of communication at a time, while others are able to communicate across multiple modes concurrently.
Chatbot server 320 can be a VoiceXML server or equivalent device that dynamically converts text exchange messages from device 310 to messages consumable by voice server 330. Use of a text input AIP 344, which lets voice server 330 accept text, may permit text from device 310 to be directly consumed by voice server 330. Chatbot server 320 can also dynamically convert output from voice server 330 to output consumable by the speech application, and then making it presentable within interface 318.
For each managed communication session, the Chatbot server 320 can instantiate a Chatbot object 324. The Chatbot object 324 can include a SIP servlet and one or more interpreters, such as a Call Control Extensible Markup Language (CCXML) interpreter, a Voice Extensible Markup Language (VoiceXML) interpreter, and Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XML) plus voice profiles (X+V) interpreter, a Speech Application Language Tags (SALT) interpreter, a Media Resource Control Protocol (MCRP) interpreter, a customized markup interpreter, and the like. The SIP servlet can map incoming SIP requests to appropriate interpreters.
A switching engine 323 of server 320 can allow a customer 302 to switch modalities in a manner transparent to an executing speech application. For example, the customer 302 can switch from a text exchange interface 318 to a voice interface 319 during a communication session. This switching can cause a text exchange channel 370 to close and a voice channel 371 to be established. The Chatbot server 320 can trigger text input API 344 to be utilized or note depending on a type of input that is conveyed over channel 372. In one embodiment, a data store 328 can include information that facilitates switching, such as storing telephone numbers associated with voice device 314 associated with voice interface 318.
The conversion engine 322 of server 320 can perform any necessary conversions to adapt output from text exchange device 312 in input consumable by voice server 330. Typically, no significant conversions are necessary for text consumed by the voice server 330, which provides access to text mode interaction functions via API 344. Appreciably, text mode interaction functions are typically used by developers during a testing and development stage, but are being used here at runtime to permit the voice server 330 to directly handle text. For example, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard Media Resource Control Protocol version 2 (MRCPv2) contains a text mode interpretation function called INTERPRET for the Speech Recognizer Resource, which would permit the voice server 330 to directly handle text.
The application server 340 will typically generate voice markup output, such as VoiceXML output, which a voice server 330 converts to audio output. The conversion engine 322 can extract text content from the voice markup and can convey the extracted text to communication device 310 over channel 370.
Application server 340 can be an application server that utilized modular components of a standardized runtime platform. The application server 340 can represent a middleware server of a multi-tier environment. The runtime platform can provide functionality for developing distributed, multi-tier, Web-based applications. The runtime platform can also include a standard set of services, application programming interfaces, and protocols. That is, the runtime platform can permit a developer to create an enterprise application that is extensible and portable between multiple platforms. The runtime platform can include a collection of related technology specifications that describe required application program interface (APIs) and policies for compliance.
In one embodiments, the runtime platform can be a JAVA 2 PLATFORM ENTERPRISE EDITION (J2EE) software platform. Accordingly, the application server 340 can be a J2EE compliant application server, such as a WEBSPHERE application server from International Business Machines Corporation of Armonk, N.Y. a BEA WEBLOGIC application server from BEA Systems, Inc. of San Jose, Calif., a JBOSS application server from JBoss, Inc. of Atlanta, Ga., a JOnAS application server from the ObjectWeb Consortium, and the like. The runtime platform is not to be construed as limited in this regard and other software platforms, such as the .NET software platform, are contemplated herein.
The IVR application 342 can be an application that permits callers to interact and receive information from a database of an enterprise server 350. Access to the voiceXML server 320 (which has been extended for Chatbot 320) can accept user input using touch-tone signals, voice input, and text input. The IVR application 342 can provide information to the user in the form of a single VoiceXML application that can be used by any modality, including DTMF, voice, and chat. The voice markup can also be directly conveyed to conversion engine 322, where it is converted to text presentable in interface 318.
The IVR application 342 can present a series of prompts to a user and can receive and process prompt responses in accordance with previously established dialogue menus. Speech processing operations, such as text-to-speech operations, speech-to-text operations, caller identification operations, and voice authorization operations can be provided by a remotely located voice server 330. Without the intervention of Chatbot server 320, IVR application 342 would be unable to interact with a text exchange device 312, since it lacks native coding for handling text exchange input/output.
The present invention may be realized in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. The present invention may be realized in a centralized fashion in one computer system, or in a distributed fashion where different elements are spread across several interconnected computer systems. Any king of computer system or other apparatus adapted for carrying out the methods described herein is suited. A typical combination of hardware and software may be a general purpose computer system with a computer program that, when being loaded and executed, controls the computer system such that it carries out the methods described herein.
The present invention also may be embedded in a computer program product, which comprises all the features enabling the implementation of the methods described herein, and which when loaded in a computer system is able to carry out these methods. Computer program in the present context means any expression, in any language, code or notation, of a set of instructions intended to cause a system having an information processing capability to perform a particular function either directly or after either or both of the following: a) conversion to another language, code or notation; b) reproduction in a different material form.
The present invention may be realized in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. The present invention may be realized in a centralized fashion in one computer system, or in a distributed fashion where different elements are spread across several interconnected computer systems. Any kind of computer system or other apparatus adapted for carrying out the methods described herein in suited. A typical combination of hardware and software may be a general purpose computer system with a computer program that, when being loaded and executed, controls the computer system such that it carries out the methods described herein.
The present invention also may be embedded in a computer program product, which comprises all the features enabling the implementation of the methods described herein, and which when loaded in a computer system is able to carry out these methods. Computer program in the present context means any expression, in any language, code or notation, of a set of instructions intended to cause a system having an information processing capability to perform a particular function either directly or after either or both of the following: a) conversion to another language, code or notation; b) reproduction in a different material form.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
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|Dec 19, 2006
Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW Y
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DA PALMA, WILLIAM V.;MANDALIA, BAIJU D.;NUSBICKEL, WENDIL.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:018656/0416;SIGNING DATES FROM 20061214 TO 20061215
Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW Y
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DA PALMA, WILLIAM V.;MANDALIA, BAIJU D.;NUSBICKEL, WENDIL.;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20061214 TO 20061215;REEL/FRAME:018656/0416
|May 13, 2009
Owner name: NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC., MASSACHUSETTS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:022689/0317
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Owner name: NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.,MASSACHUSETTS
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|Feb 4, 2015
|Fee payment
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Open up access to enhanced teaching and learning resources utilizing BYOD with Cisco BYOD Solutions for K12 Education. Read the Education blog. McAllen Independent School District (ISD) is a great example ofRead More
Cisco @ Interop – It is All about Solutions that Solve ProblemsMobility
Usually at shows like Interop Las Vegas 2013, attendees wander around the show floor looking at all the new products that are coming out from vendors. Now it is alwaysRead More
Take the Lead on Learning with BYOD and Mobile Devices in K-12 ClassroomsEducation
Open up access to enhanced teaching and learning resources utilizing BYOD with Cisco BYOD Solutions for K12 Education. McAllen Independent School District (ISD) is a great example of a schoolRead More
See How Organizations Use Cisco ISE to Centralize Policy and Secure AccessMobility
Activate the IT Transformation with Unified Access: Part 4 – Centralized Policy, Control, and Enforcement Wednesday, May 15, 2013 10am-11am PDT | Register Now WithRead More
Next Phase of Transforming the Mobile ExperienceMobility
Like a lot of us in IT, I'm into electronics. I enjoy visiting stores to get the actual hands-on experience of the product – but I admit I rarely buyRead More
MGM Resorts International Bets on Cisco; Double Downs on Wi-Fi ConnectivityMobility
Planning your summer travel and vacation destinations? Where are you headed and what kind of resort experience will you consider ideal? At this year's Interop Conference in Las Vegas, theRead More
Cisco will ride the 802.11ac Wave2Mobility
If you recall, back in the early days of 802.11n, the Wi-Fi Alliance (WFA) rolled out the 802.11n certification program in phases. Here we are several years later and inRead More
On Demand: Unified Access, K12 BYOD & Connected Mobile ExperiencesMobility
Did you know that we now have a new webinar portal that holds registration pages for upcoming webinars AND on demand links for any webinars you missed all in ONE place?Read More
Don't Miss Simplified Network Infrastructure & 802.11ac Tomorrow!Mobility
Register Now for Simplify the Network Infrastructure, 10am PST on May 1 (CLICK TO REGISTER) Today we announced a new set of products related to 802.11ac and released the highly anticipatedRead More
Connected Guests: Connected Mobile Experiences for HospitalityMobility
Imagine this travel experience: You enter your hotel, and your mobile app buzzes to welcome you back and offers you free Wi-Fi within the lobby area. The app informs youRead More

subset: commoncrawl


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what kind of perfume scents do you prefer on girls?
Most Helpful Guy
I'm very particular about the scents I find myself attracted to on women or men. First of all each person's chemistry determines how the perfume will be perceived by others so just because it is expense it doesn't mean it is going to be good for you.
Above all, the fragrance should never be able to be smelled by another until he or she is close to you. I hate women or men who come into a room and you can smell the over whelming fragrance from across the room. That is too strong and I can only imagine trying to have sex who smells that strong.
A clean scent, fresh almost like she or he just stepped out of the shower is a very wonderful fragrance. If I am giving oral sex to a girl I don't want her natural scents over powered by a perfume. I'm one who gets intoxicated by the sexual juices and fragrances of her freshly cleaned vagina.
So, don't over power your partner or target with your perfume. Make them come to you for a seductive whiff.00|00|0


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VIDEO: All about the caravan VIN Chip kits
In this FAQ video, we take a look at what's included in the VIN Chip and VIN Chip Plus packs to help deter caravan theft.
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Video: How to prepare your caravan for winter
This handy video has a step-by-step guide on how to prepare your caravan for winter. Take a look and make sure you're winter ready.
7 Comments
VIDEO: How to drain down your caravan
In this expert video, we explain the importance of draining down your caravan in winter and go through the steps to take.
10 Comments
VIDEO: Draining down with Floë caravan drainage kit
We take a closer look at the Floë caravan drainage kit for getting those last drips of water out of the system when draining down your caravan.
2 Comments
VIDEO: How does a tyre pressure monitoring system work?
In this FAQ video, TyrePal explain how a tyre pressure monitoring system (TPMS) works on a car and caravan outfit.
2 Comments
VIDEO: What is the AL-KO ATC system and how does it work?
ATC stands for Automatic Trailer Control. In this FAQ video we look at how it helps to prevent caravan snaking and bring your tourer under control when towing.
3 Comments
How to measure and adjust your caravan's noseweight
Having the correct noseweight is vital to towing stability. Here's a video guide and blog on how to measure and adjust your caravan's noseweight.
47 Comments
VIDEO: Where to find the CRiS number on your caravan
In this video we explain where to find the CRiS number on your caravan so you can register it and help to prevent caravan crime.
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VIDEO: What are the different motorhome body types?
In this "Frequently Asked Questions" video with Richard Baldwin motorhomes, we explain the three main motorhome body types.
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Norton Rose has bolstered its energy practice with the hire of Ashurst partner Ashley Wright to lead its Asia Pacific oil and gas team in Singapore.
Norton Rose has bolstered its energy practice with the hire of Ashurst partner Ashley Wright to lead its Asia Pacific oil and gas team in Singapore.
Wright joined Ashurst's Singapore office in January 2007 from Milbank Tweed Hadley & McCloy, where he had been an associate.
Norton Rose Singapore office head Jeff Smith said: "Ashley will be instrumental in further developing our energy practice and in particular taking forward our oil and gas business in Asia Pacific. We have a busy and growing Indonesia practice and Ashley's experience, having worked and lived in Indonesia will be highly valued by clients."
Wrght added: "Norton Rose has an exceptionally strong reputation globally in the energy sector, and is developing a fantastic legal network in all the key energy markets. I was particularly attracted by the strength of the Indonesian practice and the quality of clients and work undertaken by the energy team in Asia Pacific."
Norton Rose has increasingly targeted the Asia Pacific region as a growth area throughout 2010 after the firm's tie up with Australian firm Deacons – which created Norton Rose Australia – went live at the start of the year.
Since then, the former head of Deacons' commercial dispute resolution practice Peter Cash has relocated to Singapore where he has been joined by former Linklaters counsel Anna Tipping who now leads the insurance team in the jurisdiction as a partner.
Wright's departure comes at the end of a year in which Ashurst has also continued to build its Singapore office. Philip Thompson relocated to the jurisdiction in May to lead the energy practice, while January saw the hire of corporate partner Keith McGuire from Allen & Overy.


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I'm supposed to be slowing down on reviews so I can actually play games I own (the crazy talk), but when Tales of Berseria AND Kingdom Hearts 2.8 HD: Final Chapter Prologue drop in your lap, you can't say no. I mean, it's me. Me and Kingdom Hearts. Like I'm going to say no to that. If I said no to that, that's grounds for committing me, because obviously I'm not right or I'm a pod person.
Playing both games with close deadlines wasn't entirely a problem since KH 2.8 didn't have much in terms of new content. It has three experiences: a port of Dream Drop Distance, a new game 0.2 Birth by Sleep: A Fragmentary Passage, and animated film Kingdom Hearts χ Back Cover. Fragmentary Passage only took about 3 hours to beat, and the movie was only 80 minutes long. The bulk of the disc lies in the 3DS port, and it's a VERY faithful port.
So what does this mean? It means that Dan Birlew and Rick Barba's strategy guide came off the shelf and sat by my side during the review. I never did review that guide because 1) I'm a horrible person and 2) I really disliked the game. However, the game is vastly improved on console, simply because I can see everything that is going on. KH3DS introduced Flowmotion for quickly getting around and fighting, and this gave me a headache on the tiny screen. I do have vertigo, something that Portal triggered at the end, and trying to line up jumps while sliding rather quickly was murder on my sensory perception. I also loathed the Drop system. It is back, as I said, this is a FAITHFUL port. But since the larger screen wasn't wreaking havoc on my inner ear, the Drop system didn't add to my frustration.
The combat system is still the worst of all the games. I played Fragmentary Passage first, which had a combo of the first game and Birth by Sleep's menu system, and that was a mistake. It was amazing and incredibly intuitive. To go from that back to KH3DS was rough.
Prima Games has no plans for a Kingdom Hearts 2.8 guide. There's really not much to the game anyway, as the only new guide needed is for Fragmentary Passage. Even then, the only reason why I'd need it is for finding all the treasure chests and completing the objectives. I'm sure the publisher will have an online guide for that reason soon.
As for KH3DS, take heart in knowing that the strategy guide Birlew and Barba wrote in 2012 still serves its purpose with the PS4 port.


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Morgan Stanley helped Juno Therapeutics raise funds to advance its research and develop new cancer treatments.
Solving the mystery of cancer has evaded the world's top medical minds for decades. Cancer can be a stealthy killer that hides from the body's immune system. Our main cancer treatments so far—surgery, radiation or chemotherapy—can miss their mark and often cause debilitating side effects.
Biotechnology firm Juno Therapeutics is working on an innovative approach to treat the disease: re-engaging the body's immune system. In other words, Juno is on a mission to help the body defend itself against cancer.
Juno is pursuing a number of possible breakthroughs. One of its treatments, for example, genetically re-engineers a cancer patient's cells so that the body can detect the threat and mobilize an immune response. Initial clinical trials have shown encouraging results. *
Juno was founded in 2013, with partnerships with renowned medical institutions and top medical professionals committed to developing treatments for cancer. To advance its research—and bring new treatments to patients who may be running out of hope—Juno needed access to additional capital. The company sought out Morgan Stanley to lead its $304 million initial public offering in 2014, one of the largest biotech IPOs ever completed.
This new infusion of capital gave Juno more resources to pursue its cancer research and treatments. Some of the IPO funds are being used to support clinical trials of its treatments, which can be complex, expensive and time-consuming to develop.
With help from Morgan Stanley, Juno is taking the fight against cancer in new directions and offering some patients fresh hope in their battle against cancer.


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Galatasaray are the latest club to be linked with a move for Chelsea's out-of-favour striker Loic Remy according to the Turkish outlet Fotospor.
The report states that Galatasaray are looking to further improve their attacking options after signing the Switzerland international Eren Derdiyok earlier this summer.
Meanwhile, the daily Turkish paper Fanatik states that Besiktas president Fikret Orman is already locked in talks with Chelsea in London over a loan deal for Remy.
However, Crystal Palace are understood to be in pole position according to sigh the France international after Evening Standard revealed that Remy is keen to remain in London, rather than move abroad to Spain or Turkey.
Per-the-source, Palace are keen to sign the Chelsea striker as manager Alan Pardew wants to improve his attacking options. The report goes onto say that Palace will use the £28 million they received from the sale of Yannick Bolasie to fund the move for Remy.
Remy scored just one goal in 13 Premier league appearances for Chelsea last season.
Arsenal star included in squad ahead of Leicester City clash
Mesut Ozil may find it difficult to provide assists says Arsenal legend


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The "housing crisis" in USA. An economic thriller that unveils the logic of modern globalized economy and its «secret mechanisms».
An elder woman is dying in Varanasi, the holy city of Hinduism…An elder man is going to eat her flesh while he prays…Two ways to paradise.
From being at the top, a true model to be followed, Ireland is on the brink of bankruptcy.
10 years after the storm, the country stands on its own feet once again...
10 million Roma people in Europe are under persecution.
A documentary of shocking contradictions, where wonderful economic figures have nothing to do with real life.
Could air become an object of commercial exchange?
A "miraculous" biological pattern of the human body opens an ethical debate.
Trapped between Berlusconi and the Mafia, immigrants in Italy are under persecution.Racism and xenophobia on the rise.
By the year 2050, over 250.000.000 people will have become refugees due to climate change. In Bangladesh, it is already happening.
What happens when water resources are not a public good but a private property?
In Mexico, drug cartels put into question not only political life and institutions, but life itself.The city streets have turned into a field of war...
In Mali, 85% of women have suffered excision. As little girls are being kept captive by tradition and superstition, could this deeply rooted custom be eliminated?
A civil war that began in South Sudan as a small scale conflict over some land and water, has turned out to be one of the most savage contemporary wars.
Where does your computer go when it dies?
When "development" leads to disaster, then conflict becomes inevitable...For the first time the camera meets the Niger Delta MEND militia.
Homosexual men who wish to dress as women freely do so, celebrating their desire and joy to be women…a dream of tolerance and acceptance of difference comes true.
In the tropical forests of the Amazon, an unspeakable crime has been committed against humankind. Ancient native populations are disappearing on a massive scale as oil companies pursuit easy profits.
A new-age western film on the Wild North, exploring the Great Arctic Game for energy resources that has just begun.
In Tanzanina, witch - doctors use to say: "Bring me the limbs of an albino and you will become rich".
The dark years of the crisis that is plaguing Greece are condensed in two hours of intense emotion through the insightful storytelling of filmmaker Yorgos Avgeropoulos.


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Any applicant who has completed
an approved course of study
whose primary focus within the wedding industry is wedding planning
may apply for membership.
As a member of Dallas/Fort Worth's premier organization for professional wedding planners, you will enjoy benefits such as:
To apply to become a member of AACWP, go to the Application for Membership.
Our current annual membership dues are $195. Invoices will be sent to members following application approval.


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In this column, Ernest Pascual of Bespoke Manila talks about how to DIY your gifts for your principal sponsors and wedding entourage. With the help of Adrian Ardiente for photos, Ernest shows you how to add these personalized touches for your wedding.
Our aim is to give you and other soon-to-wed couples ideas on how you can personalize your wedding by undertaking easy and simple do-it-yourself (DIY) projects. We also want to help you create some lovely touches or details to make your nuptials extra special. We will tell you what materials to source, the step-by-step procedure, as well as show you how these crafted little items will look on wedding day.
Gift Wrapping
During weddings, the bride and the groom are not the only receivers of gifts. A considerate couple thinks of appropriate gifts to give to the principal sponsors and members of the wedding entourage.
Below are two ways by which you can dress up your gifts.
Here's what you need:
- Wrapping paper
- A pair of scissors
- Double-sided tape
- Glue gun
- Glue stick
- Jewel stickers
- Puncher
- Washi tapes
- Buttons and acrylic jewels
- Boxes
- Cupcake liners
Here's how to do it.
Version 1
Step 1: Put the gift inside a box. Cut the wrapping paper according to size.
Step 2: Use double-sided tape on the wrapper to secure the gift.
Step 3: Start sticking washi tapes on one side. Add washi tapes according to your preference and design. Place a "thank-you" card.
Step 4: Embellish the project with jewel stickers.
Version 2
Step 1: Put the gift inside a box. Cut the wrapping paper according to size.
Step 2: Use double sided-tape on the wrapper to secure the gift.
Step 3: Put ribbons in a criss-cross direction. Place a "thank-you" card.
Step 4: Adorn the project with folded cupcake liners, jewel stickers, and buttons.
Bespoke Tip: Always place your gift inside a box. Assign your coordinator to distribute the gifts on your behalf. If you haven't hired one, ask your bridesmaids to do this task.


text: Kingscliff is located in Northern New South Wales, about 20 mins south of the Queensland border. Kingscliff is a quiet beach-side community with terrific beaches. There's plenty to see and do in Kingscliffe. Play bowls at the Kingscliff Beach Bowls Club, take a stroll along the beach or visit one of the many restaurants and cafés. Although we don't have a retirement village in Kingscliff, we do have some nearby.


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C8. Teenager syndrome
So there are three pistons working…
First, we have a color piston. Color hints at which muscles and structures are involved during the exercise.
Second, we have a quantity piston. Quantity of liquid changes based on overall stress impact of the exercises.
- Local exercises tend to be a smaller pour.
- Global exercises tend to be a higher pour.
Third, we have intensity piston. Intensity of color changes based on how targeted and focused a stress is on a muscle or structure.
- Local exercises tend to have higher intensity.
- Global exercises tend to have lower intensity.
Getting good results is a juggle between these three things, which is something often missed by high school kids. You see them trying to get big arms, yet all they do are biceps curls.
Curls are a local hit to the biceps and certainly stress the arms, but if you just do curls, you're lacking a global stressor to really drive adaptation.
The bigger multi-joint movements are the meat and potatoes of a strength program. They send a stronger signal for adaptation.
Meaning, in general, if there was a contest between "isolation man" that did only single joint isolation exercises and "compound man" that did only multi-joint compound exercises, the "compound man" would tend to have better results overall…even in the places "isolation man" is singling out.
A person that spends time getting better at chin-ups will (likely) have better arms than a person that spends time getting better at curls. At least, initially. Once you get stronger, you need more concentrated doses of a stressor in order to improve, which is one of the reasons Starting Strength is programmed the way it is.
The compound multi-joint movements are the base. Adding in smaller isolation exercises when building the base means adding stressors into the funnel that the body has to deal with.
Why sacrifice progress on compound multi-joint movements when (a) they are more important for a beginner, and (b) the isolation exercises are better served when you're more advanced?


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We all like free. Free music, free games, free apps, free movies and almost anything else free. We also like good discounts and good deals. While we can't always have things for free or for super dirt cheap, there are still some things to be said about bolstering your movie collection for a decent price. In case you are unaware, Google is currently celebrating the Play Stores 2nd birthday branding change. While it isn't bringing in $0.02 purchases or a extremely discounted apps or games, it still has a fair share of offerings that are worth a look.
Earlier we share that Tom Hanks classic movie Big was free and was the HD version no less. That sparked a look at the birthday page and look around at some of the other areas that Google links into special deals. On the official 2nd birthday page there is a variety of things to look at, but if you head into each section you will get lists of things on special. In the movie tab there are 785 movies for under $10 to own, not rent.
Head into the Birthday Deals Movie Promo page and take a look around.


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The Economics Of Growing And Delivering Cellulosic Feedstocks In The Beaumont, Texas Area
We estimate the contract prices that must be paid to grow cellulosic energy crops, and the costs of harvesting and transporting those crops in the Beaumont, TX area. Results indicate that the delivered price would range between $54 and $101 per ton of dry matter depending on the specific crop.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
|Date of creation:
|Contact details of provider:
| Web page: http://www.saea.org/
More information through EDIRC
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Ben C. French, 1960. "Some Considerations in Estimating Assembly Cost Functions for Agricultural Processing Operations," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 42(4), pages 767-778.
- Richardson, James W. & Klose, Steven L. & Gray, Allan W., 2000.
"An Applied Procedure For Estimating And Simulating Multivariate Empirical (Mve) Probability Distributions In Farm-Level Risk Assessment And Policy Analysis,"
Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics,
Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 32(02), August.
- Richardson, James W. & Klose, Steven L. & Gray, Allan W., 2000. "An Applied Procedure for Estimating and Simulating Multivariate Empirical (MVE) Probability Distributions In Farm-Level Risk Assessment and Policy Analysis," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 32(02), pages 299-315, August.
- Richardson, James W. & Herbst, Brian K. & Outlaw, Joe L. & Anderson, David P. & Klose, Steven L. & Gill, Robert Chope, II, 2006. "Risk Assessment in Economic Feasibility Analysis: The Case of Ethanol Production in Texas," Research Reports 42095, Texas A&M University, Agricultural and Food Policy Center.
- Francis M. Epplin & Christopher D. Clark & Roland K. Roberts & Seonghuyk Hwang, 2007. "Challenges to the Development of a Dedicated Energy Crop," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 89(5), pages 1296-1302.
- repec:ags:joaaec:v:32:y:2000:i:2:p:299-315 is not listed on IDEAS
- Tembo, Gelson & Epplin, Francis M. & Huhnke, Raymond L., 2003. "Integrative Investment Appraisal of a Lignocellulosic Biomass-to-Ethanol Industry," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 28(03), December. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
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Showing Suppliers 1 - 20 of 126
Century Spring Corp.,a MW Industries Company (3 Products)
Address: 5959 Triumph St., Commerce, CA
Business Type: Manufacturer, Service
Description: Century Spring Corp. (CSC) was founded in 1927 as a full-service manufacturer of high-quality custom springs. From the beginning, CSC has been committed to providing our customers with the finest quality products and service in the industry. In 1997, Century Spring Corp. joined... (more)
Applied Industrial Technologies
Business Type: Distributor, Service
Description: Applied Industrial Technologies (NYSE: AIT) is one of North America's largest industrial distributors of bearings, power transmission components, hydraulic components and systems, pneumatic components and systems, hose & fluid connectors, linear components, tools, safety... (more)
Address: 976 S. Blackstone St., TULARE, CA
Address: 1010 W. Betteravia Rd., SANTA MARIA, CA
Address: 1812 N. American St., ANAHEIM, CA
Address: 5110 Caterpillar Rd., REDDING, CA
Address: 2260A Cooper Ave., MERCED, CA
Address: 2133 Yosemite Blvd., MODESTO, CA
Address: 5107 Walker St., VENTURA, CA
Address: 3751 S. Bagley Ave., FRESNO, CA
Address: 13723 1/2 Harvard Pl., GARDENA, CA
Address: 7545 Telegraph Rd., MONTEBELLO, CA
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Address: 701 W. Anaheim St., LONG BEACH, CA
Address: 15351 Tamarack Rd., VICTORVILLE, CA
Address: 3076 Colusa Hwy., YUBA CITY, CA
Address: 6478 Chestnut St. Suite 3A, GILROY, CA
Address: 57 Hangar Way, WATSONVILLE, CA
Address: 11895 Cabernet Dr., FONTANA, CA
Address: 2920 Landco Dr. Suite 5, BAKERSFIELD, CA
Address: 1190 Dogwood Rd., EL CENTRO, CA


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Tusla EWS Integrated Services Manager (Secondment)
Since 2014, Tusla's remit includes responsibility for Educational Welfare Services i.e. Home School Community Liaison Scheme, School Completion Programme and Educational Welfare Service (statutory).
Tusla is charged with developing a single strategic approach, reflecting equally the nature and strengths of each of the services, to address school attendance, participation and retention.
Integrated Services Manager
Applications are sought for three EWS Integrated Services Managers to support the delivery and practice of the service in the North East, North West and Dublin regions. Applications will be accepted from Primary and Post Primary teachers who currently hold full time posts in recognised schools and are registered with the Teaching Council in accordance with Sections 30 & 31 of the Teaching Council Act, 2001. The appointment will be on a secondment basis for the school year 2017-2018 with potential to extend to a maximum of five years. Candidates must be eligible for full-time secondment as per circulars 0107/2006 and 11/02. A panel will be formed from which future vacancies arising up to the end of 2019 may be filled.
Application forms and full details for the above positions can be obtained by emailing Zita Robinson email@example.com
Completed applications (3 x copies) should be forwarded to:
Director; Tusla Educational Welfare Services
Tusla-Child and Family Agency, The Brunel Building, Heuston South Quarter, Saint John's Road West, Dublin 8
Closing date for applications is 12pm on May 19th 2017.
HTML is disabled and your e–mail address won't be published. Comments will be deleted if commenters leave a keyword instead of a name in the name field, if sites linked in the URL field are commercial in nature and not related to the blog, or if the comment simply doesn't add substance to the discussion.
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Laughter is not a reaction but a contribution. What can happen in twenty-four hours may outlast a century.
Of the seven court jesters whom Velázquez painted close-up portraits of, three were dwarfs, one was boss-eyed, and two were rigged out in absurd costumes. Only one looked relatively normal – Pablo from Valladolid.
Their job was to distract from time to time the Royal Court and those who carried the burden of ruling. For this the buffoons of course developed and used the talents of clowns. Yet the abnormalities of their own appearances also played an important role in the amusement they offered. They were grotesque freaks who demonstrated by contrast the finesse and nobility of those watching them. Their deformities confirmed the elegance and stature of their masters. Their masters and the children of their masters were Nature's prodigies; they were Nature's comic mistakes.
The buffoons themselves were well aware of this. They were Nature's jokes and they took over the laughter. Jokes can joke back at the laughter they provoke, and then those laughing become the funny ones – all prodigious circus clowns play upon this seesaw.
The Spanish buffoon's private joke was that what anyone looks like is a passing affair. Not an illusion, but something temporary, both for the prodigies and the mistakes! (Transience is a joke too: look at the way great comics take their exits.)"
John Berger, 'Bento's Sketchbook'
"These people belong to the poor. The poor can be seen in the street outside or in the countryside. Pictures of the poor inside the house, however, are reassuring. Here the painted poor smile as they offer what they have for sale. (They smile showing their teeth, which the rich in pictures never do.) They smile at the better-off – to ingratiate themselves, but also at the prospect of a sale or a job. Such pictures assert two things: that the poor are happy, and that the better-off are a source of hope for the world."
John Berger, 'Ways of Seeing'
On Picasso
Many of his paintings are jokes, either bitter or gay; but they are the jokes of a man who does not know what else to do except laugh, who improvises with fragments because he can find nothing else to build up.
John Berger, 'Selected Essays'
The clown knows that life is cruel. The ancient jester's motley coloured costume turned his usually melancholy expression into a joke. The clown is used to loss. Loss is his prologue.
John Berger, 'Confabulations'


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♫♪ 'Daydream Believer' - The Monkees ♫♪
Whoa, it's been a while since my last outfit post, right? I would apologise, but I wont. There was no way I was going to stand in the petrifyingly cold Aberdeen whirl of ice, horizontal rain and wind just to take some lame-ass blog photo. Nope.
But the weather has picked up and I'm back!
Glasses* - London Retro (Presley Rich Havana). I used to be more of a rounded glasses kinda girl (I don't often wear my reading glasses on my blog), but these curved cat-eye frames are beautiful. I've had so many compliments, it's been quite overwhelming and I feel more confident about wearing my specs out-and-about now.
Earrings - H&M I don't usually wear earrings, but when Hannah pointed them out, I had to have them! I love how beautifully simple they are.
Gold and White (or is it black and blue??) bangle - H&M What's funny is that the girl at the checkout counter saw the earring and this bracelet and said "wow!". She also said she'd try and buy them after her shift! hahaaa
Jumper - H&M I really needed a slouchy jumper for this weird weather, so I'm glad I picked this crimson oversized jumper up for just under a tenner.
Pumps - H&M ... so if you haven't guessed already, I went on a little HM spree this week!
Trousers - New Look I was really to-and-froing about whether to buy these or not. Are they too busy? Too elaborate for Spring? Nahhhh. The next day, I went day to New Look to find a top for Hannah and I wound up standing next to the rack of these trousers whilst wearing them. So I was basically a life-mannequin! A girl did notice and compliment me, so it was a good buy after all!
Necklace - Topshop
I call this necklace the 'Circle of Life' because it contains all the major African animals on it. My bestie, Hannah got it for me for my birthday, and she was spot on - I love creative jewellery like this!
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MGF and MG TF Engine Mounted Thermostat and Housing
The thermostat fitted to MGF models and pre-2003 model year MG TF models is of a traditional type located inside a housing bolted to the engine. The thermostat can be replaced in its housing, in time honoured fashion, as required. It may be found in Engine Mounted Thermostat & Housing.
From September 2003 onwards (from VIN 4D) and intermittently from January 2003, a Pressure Relief Thermostat (known variously as 'PRT' or 'PRRT' - pressure relief remote thermostat) was introduced on the MG TF. Its purpose was to reduce thermal shock on the engine (and subsequent strain on the cylinder head gasket) by introducing a softer cycle of cold and hot coolant through the engine as the thermostat opened and closed during high speed running.
The PRT's location was further away from the engine inside a sealed assembly inserted in the hose run to the underfloor pipes. As the 'sealed' suggests, this assembly must be replaced as a single unit - it can be found under 'Pressure Relief Thermostat & Hoses'.
When the PRT was introduced, the old engine-mounted thermostat housing was retained in the cooling system, but a restricting flange was fitted inside it in place of the thermostat to ensure water pump flow was still governed correctly. At the same time, the water flow through the radiator was reversed. The radiator was not modified, since being a crossflow type it can operate either way, but considerable changes in the cooling system routing were required.
Also from January 2003 the MG TF automatic (CVT Steptronic) was given a PRT, but the layout and hose runs differ significantly to those on the manual cars, throwing further complexity into the already complicated MGF/TF hose layout history.
The PRT system was successful, and can be retro-fitted to MGFs and earlier TFs if desired. A good understanding of cooling system principles is however required to correctly carry out the necessary modifications to the engine bay pipework - unfortunately not a job for the average DIYer.


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Painting News
Italian artist Cristina Guggeri depicted world leaders in the surrounding you haven't seen them before.
Iris Grace, the five-year-old artist with autism, created amazingly beautiful paintings with her fluffy friend Thula the cat.
A Peruvian artist creates a series of paintings underwater, making his childhood dream come true.
The painting has been lost for centuries, making experts believe that it had never existed.
In this style Bernardi is most comfortable expressing his creativity while satisfying his perfectionist technical goals. He applies layers of oil paint and varnish in the traditional manner to a totally modern image, creating a wholly contemporary, unique kind of image.
The youngster artist is on his way to becoming a millionaire after selling his collection of 24 paintings for $386,000.
Italian art experts have reportedly discovered around 100 drawings and a number of paintings by the Renaissance master Caravaggio in a find that could be worth over $860 million.
One of the art world's most recognizable images — Edvard Munch's "The Scream" — sold for a record $119,922,500 at a Sotheby auction in NYC on May 2.
This is the Channel Island of Guernsey as you've never seen it before: with brightly-glowing orbs and multi-coloured waves hovering across the nightscape.
An Italian researcher has sparked new controversy over the world's most famous painting by claiming Leonardo da Vinci painted tiny letters into the eyes of the Mona Lisa.
A retired French electrician and his wife have come forward with 271 never-before-seen works by Pablo Picasso estimated to be worth at least $79 million, according to an administrator of the artist's estate.
Liu Bolin, 38-year-old artist has the ability to disappear, meet the real life invisible man. Inspired by how some animals blend themselves into the surroundings for self-protection, Bolin created these mind-blowing camouflage artworks.
An almost 7-foot-tall Andy Warhol painting of a glass Coca-Cola bottle sold for $35.4 million tonight at Sotheby's in New York.


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My cookery demonstration in Sirasa TV in Sri Lanka to help save about 60% energy and stop any cooking aroma depositing on you
Category: Articles
Published: 08 Sep 2016
Sri Express
My cookery demonstration in Sirasa TV in Sri Lanka to help save about 60% energy and stop any cooking aroma depositing on you
Dr Hector Perera London
We all need to get our meals, either by cooking at home by someone or if possible by you or have some takeaway. Most people are not familiar with complicated cooking but to cook the basic things such as rice and curries is not a difficulty thing because even our "kussi ammas" are able to cook on firewood stoves. Now modern facilities are available, gas and electric cookers, ovens, microwaves and even solar powered cookers. In other words the energy required for cooking is available but some people are not taking the best advantage that means they waste lots of energy during cooking due to total unawareness of the wastage.
I had this chance to come over to Sirasa TV studio to demonstrate my kind of cooking on the day after when The Sustainable Energy Authority visited our apartment to witness my scientific energy saving cooking. It was waste of time to cut onions, chillies, garlic and keep on adding curry powder and other things to chicken curry in a TV show because anyone can do that kind of things. I wanted to show how energy is saved and smell depositing on you avoidance while cooking. Before I went to the show I did exactly the same way I did when even when the energy authority visited to witness my cooking that means got the chicken curry ready with ingredients. The other advantage is there should be a short time for the ingredients first to adsorp then adsorb some into chicken that means time to marinate. The purpose of adding different ingredients to make the curry tasty and at the same time to have some effect on the germs, bacteria, E.coli salmonella on them. Things such as cinnamon are good to reduce the cholesterol in your system. I can give a whole list ingredients good effects on food but right now, I will leave them to a side. As I mentioned in the past chillies, garlic and ginger have lots of antibacterial, antifungal, microbial and medicinal values but not to shower with cooking aroma while cooking.
Initial preparations
Rice has to be washed properly to get rid of the soluble starch and other things on the surface adsorbed on them. One of the bacteria causes some damage even after cooking so it is necessary to get rid of them by properly washing. I let some water to boil on the cooker while I washed the rice because it saves time as well. This is what I usually do at home as well that means allow some water to boil while I prepare the rice. Once I add the rice into warm or boiling water it does not take not take no more than five minutes to get it boiling. Once it comes to thermodynamic eqlibrium condition then I know by past experience how long it will take to get it cooked perfectly. I do not keep on checking to see if the rice is cooked or not. That is what I mentioned this has to be demonstrated again so that the public would benefit by saving energy and time wasted in front of the cooker. This has been shown to the public in previous occasions as well but they do not take the ideas easily as they stick to their old ideas.
While rice get going, I let the chicken curry to cook slowly. Since I got it prepared by adding all the ingredients there was no need to keep on repeatedly open it even while boiling. One must see how some Sri Lanka ladies cook these things to believe my words. They keep on opening the boiling chicken curry and keep on adding this and that several times. Then close the lid but in a matter of minutes they open it to stir it then take some piping hot liquid on their palms, blow on it several times to get it cool then taste it or lick the palm several times. One must see their expressions on their lovely faces while they do that kind of acts, really beautiful. Sometimes it reminds me the cats and dogs licking their face after eating.
I also cooked chicken curry in a live cooking demonstration with Sirasa TV but I didn't do that kind things. There were two famous presenter as well, one lady called Juliana then a gentleman called Sameera. They took the matter quite seriously but with some jokes as well to make it interesting. He said "The best thing to save energy, get a lady at home with gas" that means to have a bossy woman at home. Everyone were laughing at his joke including the famous TV chef Duminda who also was there. While all these things happening, rice was cooking and chicken curry as well cooking. I even showed there was less radiation energy on both places where rice and chicken were cooking by bringing the fingers very close to the cooking vessels. Later when the presenters believed me they also brought their fingers near the boiling pot of rice and chicken curry to verify my idea. One must see the video to believe my words. The reason is I tried my best to cut down the energy wasted in cooking. Honestly one cannot do that kind of acts in any of the British TV chefs cooking or even with our good old "kussi amma" work as she worked on firewood stoves. That time is over and now modern facilities are there so no need to waste energy unnecessarily.
I cooked rice and chicken curry in a live cooking programme to demonstrate that there is no need to waste energy wastefully. I made use of some scientific laws in order to cook and save energy. Some of the laws are more than two centuries old and they would be revealed when the times permits. One must understand that I would not challenge with a large sum of money to be given away in case any energy saving expert or any famous British TV chef stepped forward to disprove my scientific energy and smell avoiding kind of cooking.
I heard BBC is doing a new show called HOME COOKERY but I have my doubts that I would be given a chance to demonstrate my kind of scientific energy and smell saving home cooking demonstration. My aim is to help the nation to save some energy in HOME COOKERY. So far I haven't witnessed any British TV chef or any other person who does any cooking done any energy and smell avoiding cooking.
Dr Hector Perera


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This article is a part of my "How To Be a Mompreneur Series". You can read the whole series here.
When you work from home, time is money. It is the investment you are doing and it is the key factor that will bring you money. It is not easy to be a freelancer or mompreneur. You must know how to manage your time. To run a home along with a business to look after with kids is a nasty business and you must be organized to run it. But do not worry even if you have to take a call while stirring that curry, technology has a solution to everything. Here are 5 most essential apps to organize everything and help you building your business.
5 Most Essential Apps if you want to be Work from Home Mom
Evernote is the best app to organize everything. It is available for both mobile and desktop version and easy to use. You can keep the tab on all your expenses (both personal and professional), make notes, create a slideshow and plan your every move.
Evernote lets you create digital notebooks where you can put everything that is on your mind. Thus you can keep everything that needs your attentions in one go without having the headache of going through everything on your shelves every time.
Trello is a visual collaboration tool that lets you create boards for everything. It is an essential app for women who work from home. Here you can create boards to pen down everything which is on your mind. For example, I have three boards on Trello right now- Ideas, Working on and Accomplished. Ideas, where I have to write down every idea that I want to share with my readers on this blog; Working on boards is home to every ongoing project and the Accomplished board contains everything that I have completed so far. So, whenever I open my Trello account, I get to know what's going on with my ideas and where to project my priority. It is time-saving and helpful for any woman who works from home.
A must-have app for everyone who needs to organize dates in advance. Easy to use, synchronized with your Gmail, accessible from any device and send you alarm in any format you want. It saves your time by highlighting the events you need to cover and reminding you about it beforehand. You can also import your events from other bookmarking sites to make your life a little easy with all the works.
(P.S.-It also helps you to remember your anniversary or your spouse's birthday. Shhh…don't tell anyone J )
As infopreneur, you need to read important articles, news and trends to know the market where you are working. But with kids and house works, it is not possible to read everything in a given time. Pocket gives you the opportunity to 'pocket' everything and read later from any device you want, even when you are offline. An essential app for busy moms to stay updated.
Admit it, whether you work from home or go to an office, you are the guardian who takes care of your family's health. It is important to give your kids all the nutrition they need to grow. You and your spouse also need to maintain a good health to do all the work. Hence, a proper meal planning can help you to look after that side of your responsibilities and save time together. Food helps you to schedule your meals beforehand, prepare the list of groceries and help you maintain a good health.
What are the apps you are using to organize your daily routine? Or you still rely on your notebook to jot down the chores for the week? Do you believe that technology has helped us to be more organized? If yes, do let me know in the comment section.
This article is a part of my "How To Be a Mompreneur Series". You can read the whole series here.


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"Knowledge isn't power until it is applied." - Dale Carnegie
If you have something that you would like for me to address that is not included in the library, please don't hesitate to contact me. For the people that I do answer and include their article for inclusion in my library, they will receive a free gift of their choosing from the StretchYourself Store or a free consulting session from me!
This page is updated regularly, so check back often for new content.
If you have something that you would like for me to address that is not included in the library, please don't hesitate to contact me. For the people that I do answer and include their article for inclusion in my library, they will receive a free gift of their choosing from the StretchYourself Store or a free consulting session from me!
This page is updated regularly, so check back often for new content.
I had the great opportunity to be on the Daily PodCast for Coaching Businesses. Are you stretching to your full potential? Today's guest is all about people stretching themselves - with Natural Born Coaches CEO Marc Mawhinney Click Here to Listen
How to Improve Business Performance (WITHOUT firing anyone ; )) Stretch your business, team, or leadership team performance with these simple tips. Remember business is relationships! This mini will give you some tips to look beyond the final result.
What is the BEST technique to close a Deal? There are a lot of ways to close a deal, but this audio will give tips to not only close a deal, but to create a connection with relational marketing that will bring referrals create a effective client/customer experience.
How To Turn Competition Into Connections And Cash Flow One of the most important things you can do as a self-employed professional or small business owner is developing win-win relationships with other business owners. You would be surprised how people that seem to be your competition you can develop some sort of cross-promotional partnership. Before you can collaborate with someone you first have to connect, in this podcast, Jeremy Jones of askjeremyjones.com and I discuss how we've been successful in connecting and developing win-win relationships and how you can too.
We continue education to increase our knowledge, our leadership abilities, even our careers, but why do we neglect our own mental performance? Our personal development and further knowledge of self is very important. The more you learn about yourself and your relationship with others, the better you can BE yourself for someone, a business, etc.
So I created the STRETCH YOURSELF Audio Mini series for you to download and apply in your life. Hope you enjoy!
How to BE in the Present Moment Understand the importance of using the moment to your advantage and proactively work to take positive steps to reach your goals. This audio will give you some tips on how to do that.
Staying Motivated Here are some tips to help you stay focused and in the game by being consistent and staying motivated to finish strong in your endeavors
5 Simple Ways to Maintain a SUCCESS Mindset. Having the right mindset is the first step in achieving your goals and dreams in life. This is the MAIN secret that many of the world's most successful and inspiring people know. The insight Ron gives will help you create your own SUCCESS Mindset and he challenges you to use the 5 simple steps to bring a relational transformation in your life.
3 Things You Should STOP Expecting From Others In a Relationship. The ONLY expectations you should have in a relationship are the VALUES you give to a relationship and the boundaries you have on a relationship, not for them, but for value YOU deserve in every relationship you keep.
5 Things You can STOP Wasting Time on The more you focus on the things that truly matter, the more you will enjoy not only the relationships you keep, but your life as well. So listen to this audio where I give 5 tips to help you focus on what matters to improve your productivity to achieve your goals.
5 simple ways to start STRETCHING YOURSELF. Listen to this audio that give you 5 simple tips to help you start stretching yourself from Ron's book STRETCH YOURSELF Create the Relationships You Deserve. These simple tips will help you focus more and gain the confidence you need to attract the relationships you want in your life. The insight Ron gives will help you look at the most important relationship you keep..with yourself.
Feed Your Mind and your thoughts and actions will follow. Listen to this Mentoring Moment audio that gives you simple tips to keep feeding your mind positive thoughts for inspiration and creativity.
Is FEAR holding You Back. Listen to this audio where I explain how you create fears in your mind as a reference point not just for one situation, but for EVERY similar situation you encounter in life.
STRETCH YOURSELF this time. Listen to this Mentoring Moment that give you some a simple tips to get you going and doing something towards achieving your goals.
What is the VISION of Your Life? Listen to this audio that gets you focus on the bigger picture of what you want in life based on your VISION of an abundant life.
Online Marketing Mistakes
5 common online marketing mistakes and what you can do to avoid them.
5 common online marketing mistakes and what you can do to avoid them.
Stretch Your Personal Perspective Worksheet This worksheet with help you with the creative process to visualize your goals and put them in perspective. The questions help provide clarity in the goals you are currently seeking and what would the next action step be to come closer to achievement. Highly recommend this if your starting out with any endeavor to start you in the right direction
8 STRETCH Tips to MAKE Your GOALS a REALITY Download this PDF and use it as a guide to help you stay on course with your goals so you can be consistent and finish strong. Clarity comes when you look are where you are now, what you are currently pursuing, and in between all of that the consistency to bring that achievement closer to fulfillment than you think. Download this and post it close to your desk and refer to it often.
Time to Think by Nancy Kline
A book that helps you uncover and deal with your limiting assumptions, develop better relationships with people at home and work, plan and lead meetings. Most of all it's about listening – real listening for improved performance and a better and more fulfilling life
Do What You Are by Paul Tieger
A book that enables you to identify your personality type and then discover what careers suit your personality type so you achieve greater success and find your direction.
Want to Achieve All-round Success?
How coaching can help you find success and effectiveness in all areas of your life.
Benefits of Workplace Coaching
The benefits of coaching in the workplace
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Succeeding in Asia is not a given; many giants have boldly stepped into the region and sometimes failed to gain the traction they are looking for.
However, these failures haven't dissuaded competitive organizations, and as Asia's economies continue to grow, the region remains an important target for companies looking to go global.
As pipes get faster and smarter, and the cloud plays an increasingly significant role in global data management, the way the telecommunication industry supports its partners in Asia continues to change.
Telecommunication companies no longer just support voice and data, but have taken on a critical role as a complete connectivity partner, where their regional knowledge and on the ground expertise can mean the difference between making a seamless and successful move into Asia or not.
Spotlight on Asia today:
Research suggests that today, forty per cent of global economic activity is now occurring in Asia, and world growth is expected to continue being led by Asia over the next decade. Half the world&rsquo…
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The Withings Aura Connected Alarm Clock is a stylish bedside device that wakes you with energizing light and music, and helps you fall-asleep. It also monitors your room environment to keep track of what helps keep you asleep. The Aura wirelessly connects to the internet to bring the world's music and radio stations into your bedroom, so you have unlimited music to wake, sleep, or dance to.
-Fall asleep smoothly: Melatonin-producing red light and personalized playlists will help create the right atmosphere and promote the secretion of sleep hormones.
-Environmental sensing: The Bedside Lamp analyzes sound, temperature and light levels throughout the night, to help you identify the sources that disrupt your sleep.
-Touch controls: Simple touch gestures launch sleep programs, turn off your morning alarm and control music volume and light brightness. More than just an alarm clock, Aura also has a built-in reading light and the ability to launch a nap program when you need extra Zzz's.
-Endless music choices: Aura can play music from your Spotify account, including specially-curated Wake-up and Sleep playlists. More of a radio person? Aura can stream over 20,000 web radio stations.
This product hasn't received any reviews yet. Be the first to review this product!


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SPX's Roller coaster ride
The market gapped opened double digits without a shred of news. Next thing it tried to break past the 21 day moving average and clearly broke the downward trendline. Than the Financial Times reported QE program being tapered off this Wednesday. The market started selling off and came down to hit the downward trendline as in the video and bounced higher. This has been a roller coaster ride.
All eyes are on Wednesday's announcement and the FOMC meeting and the Fed's decision to change the QE program if any. It has become so important that the market is caught up in a wedge which really represents a period of indecision.. This indecision will continue unless SPX breaks out to one side. Next 2 days expect choppy sideways and up and down action. This can frustate longs and the shorts on
Some major stocks are also caught up in this non trending period. GOOG for example is sitting on its 21 day line and waiting. NFLX however gapped up and didnot close the gap. Higher prices may be coming soon on this stock as it got a fresh new content deal today.
Once we are past this Wednesday, we shall see see clear skies to sail up or down..