text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 26, 2008
|Filing date
|Jun 21, 2005
|Priority date
|Jun 21, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Robert E Dutton
|Original Assignee
|Invensys Systems, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (16), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (10), Classifications (11), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This description relates to flowmeters.
Flowmeters provide information about materials being transferred through a conduit. For example, mass flowmeters provide a measurement of the mass of material being transferred through a conduit. Similarly, densitometers provide a measurement of the density of material flowing through a conduit. Mass flowmeters also may provide a measurement of the density of the material.
For example, Coriolis-type mass flowmeters are based on the Coriolis effect, in which material flowing through a conduit is affected by a Coriolis force and therefore experiences an acceleration. Many Coriolis-type mass flowmeters induce a Coriolis force by sinusoidally oscillating a conduit about a pivot axis orthogonal to the length of the conduit. In such mass flowmeters, the Coriolis reaction force experienced by the traveling fluid mass is transferred to the conduit itself and is manifested as a deflection or offset of the conduit in the direction of the Coriolis force vector in the plane of rotation.
According to one general aspect, a method includes detecting a manual operation of an input device that is connected to a controller of a flowmeter, the controller being operable to output measurements of a mass flow rate of a fluid within a vibratable flowtube associated with the flowmeter. The method also includes determining that the manual operation of the input device corresponds to a request for checking a zero flow rate calibration value that is present during a time of zero flow of the fluid within the flowtube, performing an averaging operation on a series of the measurements over a pre-determined time period and during the time of zero flow, to obtain an averaged zero flow calibration value, and outputting the zero flow calibration value, in response to the request.
Implementations may include one or more of the following features. For example, detecting the manual operation of the input device may include detecting operation of a switch that is connected to a casing of the controller. Operation of the switch may be detected through a contact input connected to the switch and to the controller, where the switch is accessible externally to the casing, and without requiring direct access to the controller within the casing. Determining that the manual operation of the input device corresponds to the request for checking the zero flow rate calibration value may include determining that switch is activated for greater than a second predetermined time.
Outputting the zero flow calibration value may include displaying the zero flow calibration value on a display associated with the controller. Additionally or alternatively, Outputting the zero flow calibration value may include outputting a standard deviation of the zero flow calibration value.
Detecting the manual operation of the input device that is connected to the controller of the flowmeter may include detecting the manual operation of the input device that is connected to the controller of a coriolis flowmeter.
In another example, the method may further include modifying subsequent measurements of the controller during a subsequent time of non-zero flow, based on the zero flow calibration value, to obtain adjusted measurement outputs, connecting a proving meter to pulse output terminals connected to the controller, and testing an accuracy of the flowmeter, based on outputs of the proving meter and the,adjusted measurement outputs of the flowmeter.
The method may include performing the averaging operation multiple times over each of a number of periods of zero flow, detecting a trend of change in resulting zero flow calibration values, and outputting an alarm signal notifying impaired performance of the flowmeter, based on the trend.
The method may include detecting that a magnitude of the zero flow calibration value exceeds a pre-determined value, and outputting an alarm signal notifying impaired performance of the flowmeter, based on the detection of the magnitude exceeding.
According to another general aspect, a system includes a controller that is operable to output drive signal information for driving a vibratable flowtube, and receive sensor information reflecting a vibration of the flowtube. A measurement system is associated with the controller that is operable to generate measurements of a mass flow rate of a fluid within the flowtube, based on the sensor information. A manually-activated input device is connected to an exterior of the controller, for activation by an operator of the controller. A zero checking system is associated with the controller and is in communication with the input device and the measurement system. The zero checking system is operable to detect the activation of the input device and perform an averaging operation on a series of measurements from the measurement system over a pre-determined time period and during a time of zero flow of the fluid within the flowtube, to obtain an averaged zero flow calibration value, in response to the activation. The system also may include a display for displaying the averaged zero flow calibration value.
Implementations may include one or more of the following features. For example, the system may include a casing containing the controller, wherein the input device is located externally to the casing and is connected to the controller through a contact input of the casing. The input device may be included within a connection module that is attached to the contact input. The input device may be a switch, and the activation of the input device may include pressing of the switch by the operator.
The zero checking system may be further operable to distinguish between a first type of activation of the input device, for which no determination of the zero flow calibration value desired, and a second type of activation of the input device, for which determination of the zero flow calibration value is desired. The controller may be a coriolis flowmeter controller.
The zero checking system may be operable to de-activate a low-flow cutoff system for masking the measurements of the mass flow rate below a defined value, in response to the activation of the manually-activated input device.
According to another general aspect, an apparatus comprising a storage medium having instructions stored thereon is provided. The instructions may include a first code segment for controlling and analyzing a vibration of a flowtube, so as to determine measurements of a mass flow rate of a fluid within the flowtube, a second code segment for receiving an activation signal corresponding to an activation of a switch, and for analyzing the activation signal to determine that a zero-checking operation is desired, a third code segment for performing the zero-checking operation by analyzing the measurements during a time of an actual zero flow rate of the fluid, to determine a zero-flow calibration value, and a fourth code segment for outputting the zero-flow calibration value.
Implementations may include one or more of the following features. For example, the third code segment may include a fifth code segment for averaging the measurements over a pre-determined time period within the time of actual zero flow rate of the fluid, and for determining a standard deviation associated with the averaging of the measurements.
The fourth code segment may output the zero-flow calibration value to a display screen for display. The second code segment may include a fifth code segment for receiving the activation signal from a host computer in communication with the apparatus.
The details of one or more implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
Types of flowmeters include digital flowmeters. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,311,136, which is hereby incorporated by reference, discloses the use of a digital flowmeter and related technology including signal processing and measurement techniques. Such digital flowmeters may be very precise in their measurements, with little or negligible noise, and may be capable of enabling a wide range of positive and negative gains at the driver circuitry for driving the conduit. Such digital flowmeters are thus advantageous in a variety of settings. For example, commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,505,519, which is incorporated by reference, discloses the use of a wide gain range, and/or the use of negative gain, to prevent stalling and to more accurately exercise control of the flowtube, even during difficult conditions such as two-phase flow.
Although digital flowmeters are specifically discussed below with respect to
Referring to
The digital transmitter 104 generates a measurement of, for example, density and/or mass flow of a material flowing through the flowtube 215, based at least on signals received from the motion sensors 205. The digital transmitter 104 also controls the drivers 210 to induce motion in the flowtube 215. This motion is sensed by the motion sensors 205.
Density measurements of the material flowing through the flowtube are related to, for example, the frequency of the motion of the flowtube 215 that is induced in the flowtube 215 by a driving force supplied by the drivers 210, and/or to the temperature of the flowtube 215. Similarly, mass flow through the flowtube 215 is related to the phase and frequency of the motion of the flowtube 215, as well as to the temperature of the flowtube 215.
The temperature in the flowtube 215, which may be measured using a temperature sensor, affects certain properties of the flowtube, such as its stiffness and dimensions. The digital transmitter 104 may compensate for these temperature effects. Other sensors may be included, such as, for example, a gas void fraction sensor that is operable to determine what percentage of a material in the flowtube 215, if any, is composed of a gas, or a pressure sensor that is operable to sense a pressure of a material flowing through the flowtube 215.
In performing measurements of mass flow (and/or density), calibration of the flowmeter may be required in order to maintain system performance, particularly over long periods of time and/or extensive operation of the flowmeter. One calibration technique is known as "zeroing" or "a zero calibration." In a zeroing process, a flow of material through the flowtube 215 is stopped (for example, upstream and downstream valves may be closed) during a time when the flowtube 215 is filled with the material. As a result, there is a zero flow of the material, which should, ideally, lead to a corresponding reading of zero flow output by the flowmeter.
For various reasons, however, it may be the case that the flowmeter outputs a non-zero (i.e., erroneous) flowrate during a time of zero flow. In these cases, the (erroneous) non-zero flowrate at zero flow may be used as a calibration factor; that is, for example, it may be subtracted from (or added to) a measured flow, so as to obtain an accurate, i.e., zero-corrected, reading of the flow during future readings.
For example, when more than one of the sensor(s) 205 are used, there may be some phase difference in signals that are output from the sensors 205 that is inherent to the structure or operation of the sensors 205 relative to one another. Even if attempts are made to "balance" the sensors 205 with respect to one another, it may be the case that, since the mass flow rate of the fluid in the flowtube 215 may be determined at least partially based on such phase differences, the transmitter 104 may detect a non-zero mass flow rate of the fluid in the flowtube 215 during zero flow. Similarly, non-zero mass flow rates may be detected during zero flow, due to, for example, external vibrations or disturbances of the transmitter 104, or due to a change in a type of fluid within the flowtube 215, or due to a changed configuration of the flowtube 215 and/or surrounding piping, or for other reasons.
Moreover, in some cases, such non-zero mass flow rates detected during zero flow may be extremely transient, and may be prone to exhibit a wide range of quickly-changing values, during a relatively short period of time. In many applications, such values may be effectively discarded or ignored, if they are very small relative to an amount of fluid being processed, or if a high degree of accuracy is not required.
In other applications, however, non-zero mass flow rates detected during zero flow may be very important to determining mass flow rates of fluid through the flow tube 215. For example, in gas and oil applications, in which an operator uses the flowmeter 200 to determine an amount of, for example, oil that is being transferred (measured in barrels per day, or bpd), then a number of barrels of oil may correlate with a large dollar value, so that high levels of accuracy and repeatability are desirable.
That is,
As also described, the resulting mass flow rate values may include non-zero mass flow rates detected during zero flow, which may be, for example, factory-measured to determine an appropriate calibration value. This calibration value may then be used to correct mass flow rate values that are determined/output by the measurement system 225, for display on a display 230.
In other words, the ideal or theoretical situation is that the measurement system 225 outputs a zero value at zero flow, and the calibration system 220 is not needed. In practice, this is often not the case, and so the calibration system 220 is configured with the intent of altering the output of the measurement system 225 by a measured zero-flow rate value, so that the output of the transmitter 104 itself is zero at zero flow. Even with the calibration system 220, however, as described, the resulting mass flow rate that is output, particularly over time and over a variety of circumstances, may be non-zero at zero flow. That is, in many cases, the practical effect of the calibration system 220 is to reduce, but not entirely to eliminate, a non-zero reading at zero flow.
In some circumstances, the calibration system 220 may be re-configured with additional or corrected zero-flow calibration values. However, such a re-configuration may require a level of access to the operation of the transmitter 104 that is either not available or not desired. For example, once the digital transmitter 104 is manufactured and sold to a customer, then that customer may not have the time, the tools, the expertise, or the desire to re-configure the calibration system 220.
In particular, when the flow meter 200 is used in field operations, such as the transfer of large volumes of oil, as mentioned above, it may be impractical to expect or require available technicians to have the resources to re-configure the calibration system 220. For example, such a re-configuration may require access to the transmitter 104 within a packaging or casing 235, which may be difficult or inconvenient. Further, opening the casing 235 may expose certain inputs/outputs or voltages of the transmitter 104, the mis-handling of which could lead to impairment or failure of the transmitter 104.
In such cases, a "low-flow cutoff" may be established, which is an artificial flow rate value determined by an operator, below which the transmitter automatically outputs a value of zero for the determined flow rate. In other words, such a cutoff masks the appearance of non-zero mass flow rates during zero flow, without really accounting for the effect(s) thereof. Such a low-flow cutoff may make an operation of the flow meter 200 appear to be more accurate than the flow meter 200 actually is, and does not do away with a need for field operators to access and determine a current zero flow value for the flow meter 200.
Thus, in
The button 245 may be used, as described in various examples below, to check a current value of a non-zero mass flow rate detected at zero flow (referred to hereafter as a "zero value," a "zero flow value," or the like), in an easy, accessible, reliable, and accurate way. For example, once a zero flow rate is established through the flow tube 215, by, for example, closing upstream and downstream valves associated with the flow, then a simple pressing and/or holding of the button 245 outputs a current zero flow reading, averaged over some pre-determined time, and using the display 230. This current zero flow reading may then be subtracted from, or added to, future readings of the flow meter 200, in order to obtain a more accurate measurement therefrom.
Although instantaneous zero flow values may be obtained simply by reading the display 230, such instantaneous values may be inaccurate, or may be largely or completely useless in practical situations. For example, if an operator of the flow meter 200 simply establishes a zero flow condition and reads the display 230, the display will, in many circumstances, display transient, changing, and widely-varying zero flow values. In this case, the operator may be forced to use the worst, highest, or most extreme zero flow value, in order to ensure a baseline level for readings of the flow meter 200, and in order to ensure that flow volumes calculated by the flow meter 200 are, at the least, not under-reported, even if they are inaccurate.
Thus, generally speaking, pressing the button 245 activates a zero checker 255 associated with the transmitter 104, which calculates a current, e.g., an average, reading of the zero value, based on outputs of the measurement system. Such a reading will generally be more accurate and more reliable than a sight-reading performed by the operator, and will thus lead to improved measurements being used by the operator.
In one implementation, the zero checker 255 is operable, upon activation of the button 245, automatically to disable or remove any low-flow cutoff value that may presently be instituted with respect to the flow meter 200. For example, as referenced above, the digital transmitter may be configured to display a zero value on the display 230, anytime that a flow rate output of the flow meter 200 is less than some pre-determined value. Such a low-flow cutoff value may be useful for the sake of appearance or convenience, but, in fact, may mask non-trivial errors in the read-out of the flow meter 200. Thus, in this implementation, activation of the button 245 and, thereby, the zero-checker 255, disables any existing low-flow cutoff value that may be in effect, so that an operator may observe any transient zero-flow read-outs that occur, as well as the final, averaged zero value that is provided on the display 230.
Although the button 245 is illustrated as a single button, it should be understood that multiple buttons may be used, e.g., a first button to initiate a zero flow reading and a second button to end a zero flow reading. Also, other implementations may use other input techniques than a button, and may use, for example, a switch, a turn-knob or dial, a toggle, a lever, or any other manually-operated input device.
Also, although the display 230 is illustrated in
Additionally, or alternatively, in
The handheld device 275 may include a user interface that emulates the display and user interface of the transmitter 104 so that information presented on the display 230 associated with the transmitter 104 is simultaneously presented in the user interface of the handheld device 275. The user interface of the handheld device 275 also may include a virtual button or an actual physical button or key that when selected or depressed will simultaneously activate the contact input 250 by way of the communication links described herein for activating the zero checker 255 and initiating the zero-checking operations.
Then, the process begins with a normal display (402) on the display 230, e.g., with transient and widely-varying readings of non-zero flow rates, despite the fact that zero flow has been established. As described above, an operator of the flow meter may have to lift a lid or otherwise expose the display 230 for viewing.
By pressing the button 245 for some pre-determined time, e.g., two seconds (404), the operator may activate the zero checker 255, so that the display 230 reads "check zero?," as shown in
If the operator does wish to check the zero flow value, then the operator may indicate such a "yes" answer to the "check zero?" query by pressing the button 245 for two seconds or more, or, again more generally, for greater than some pre-determined amount of time. In response to such an affirmative request, the zero checker 255 may present a "start checking?" query on the display 230 (408).
Here again, if the operator does not wish to start checking the zero flow value after all, then the process may return to providing a normal display. In this case, again, the operator may indicate "no" as an answer by pressing the button 245 for less than a second.
If the operator, however, indicates "yes" to the "start checking?" query, by pressing the button 245 for more than two seconds, then the zero checker 255 may automatically begin to input and average measurements from the measurement system 225, and may continue doing so for a predetermined amount of time "t" seconds, such as, for example, thirty seconds.
As explained above, the non-zero mass flow rate values detected by the measurement system 225 during this time of zero flow may generally be transient and widely-varying, over the selected time period "t." If the operator were forced to determine a zero flow value based on such outputs, then the result would likely be either a "worst case scenario," which may result in unacceptably inaccurate readings, or would be an inaccurate estimate that is guessed by the operator, which may result not only in inaccurate measurements, but measurements which under-report an amount of fluid processed by the flow meter 200/300.
The zero-checker 255, however, determines an averaged zero flow value (410), and then outputs the averaged zero flow value and associated standard deviation value (412), which provides both increased accuracy and information as to an amount of variability of the zero flow value and associated measurements. In this way, the operator may quickly and easily obtain an improved zero flow value, which may be shown on the display 230 for some pre-determined amount of time, such as, for example, thirty seconds (414).
In a further example of such an application, a first entity is producing or possessing oil, which is being measured for transfer using the coriolis flowmeter 200/300 of
As a result, a proving meter 502 is utilized in series with the flowmeter 200/300, and connected with piping or tubing 504. Generally speaking, the proving meter 502 allows for a known volume of fluid (oil) to pass therethrough, so that this known volume may be compared to a volume measured by the flowmeter 200/300. For example, a number of pulses output by the flowmeter 200/300 may be counted, for comparison to an output of the proving meter 502.
That is, depending on the type of meter used as the proving meter 502, the proving meter 502 may be connected directly to the pulse outputs 260 (not explicitly shown in
One type of the proving meter 502 is known as a piston prover, or a compact prover, which operates by moving an internal piston to initiate a pulse counting process. A movement range of the piston corresponds to a known fluid volume, so that completion of the movement range signals a stop of the pulse counting operation.
By repeating this process multiple times, an accuracy and repeatability of the flowmeter 200/300 may be determined. From these values, a "meter factor" may be obtained, which may then be used with actual flow readings to determine an amount of oil being transferred. An advantage of the piston prover is a fast proving time, requiring only a relatively small volume of fluid for testing.
A second type of the proving meter 502 is known as a pipe prover, in which, somewhat similarly to the piston prover, a ball is launched from one end to the other of a U-shaped pipe, tripping a switch at each end of the pipe in the process. Since there is a known volume between switches, the pulses from the Coriolis meter pulse output 260 are counted between the switches, and compared between passes of the ball. The counts are then analyzed for repeatability and linearity. As a result, a meter factor can also be determined from this procedure, which represents an accuracy and/or repeatability measure of the associated flow meter. The pipe prover is generally capable of proving relatively larger volumes of fluid, but takes longer to do so.
In such an environment, the zero flow rate of the flowmeter 200/300 may be expressed as a number of barrels of oil a day by which the flowmeter 200/300 may be off. That is, if the zero flow rate is expressed as five barrels a day, then this value may be taken into account (subtracted or added) when determining an output of the flowmeter 200/300, and/or when performing the proving operation described herein. As may be seen, a large or inaccurate value of this measure may result in a relatively large dollar value of oil being miscalculated.
Such miscalculations may be avoided or minimized by obtaining an accurate, averaged value for a zero flow rate of the flowmeter 200/300, after obtaining zero flow by closing upstream and downstream valves 506. As described, the operator of the flowmeter 200/300 may simply press the button 245 to obtain an averaged zero flow value, which may thereafter be used during proving and other operations of the flowmeter 200/300.
Moreover, in a case where the resulting zero value is large, or is becoming larger over time, a determination may be made that a total re-calibration of the flowmeter 200/300 is required, or that some other defect of the flowmeter 200/300 has occurred. Similarly, if a variability of the zero flow value, as indicated by the standard deviation calculated by the zero checker 255, becomes large or begins to increase over time, then a determination may be made that the flowmeter 200/300 is in need of repair or replacement.
In such cases, a memory may be associated with an operation of the zero checker 255, for storing previously-detected zero flow calibration values. In this case, an alarm generator may be included in association with the zero checker 255, where the alarm generator includes logic rules for generating an alarm in response to a magnitude and/or rate of change of the zero flow calibration value(s).
Again, such determinations may be made more easily and more reliably with the use of the flowmeter 200/300 than with the use of a conventional flowmeter, where a large zero flow value may seem to indicate a potential problem with the flowmeter 200/300, but which may only be a transient zero flow value that is not particularly indicative of any larger problems. Similarly, as just referenced, use of the button 245 and zero checker 255 may allow an easier determination of trends of increasing zero flow values (or standard deviation values), as opposed to conventional flowmeters, in which a relatively large zero flow value may be followed by a relatively small value, so that trends in zero flow value changes may be difficult or impossible to discern.
As described above, various factors may conspire to result in a presence of an erroneous non-zero flow rate being output by a coriolis flowmeter, even during a time of zero flow. Such factors may include, for example, varying densities of the fluids being processed, a presence of gas in an associated flowtube, a mechanical configuration of the flowmeter or related components, or changes in operating temperatures of the flowmeter.
Further, although fluids such as oil and gas are discussed above, it should be understood that many types of materials may be used in conjunction with the implementations described herein. For example, the zero checking techniques may be used in the context of other hydrocarbon materials, or of food and food-related materials, as well as cleaning materials. Similarly, the flowmeter and zero checking techniques may be used to measure density and/or mass flow of various gasses, including air, natural gas, and elemental gasses such as Helium. As a result, applications for these and related techniques are far-ranging, including food industries, drug production, oil and gas processing, and various other industries.
In all of these settings, the implementations described herein allow for fast, easy, and accurate determination of a current zero flow value, without requiring access to the internals of a digital transmitter or controller.
A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made. For example, although the above discussion is provided in terms of zero flow values, it should be understood that the button 245 and zero checker 255 may be used to determine an average value during any flow condition of the flowmeter 200/300. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.
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|Coriolis flowmeter with zero checking feature
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|Access Business Group International Llc
|Control methods for setting a reference voltage in an air treatment system
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 10, 2005
Owner name: INVENSYS SYSTEMS, INC., MASSACHUSETTS
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text:
IRL Launches EU Parliament Campaign, With Urban Graffiti Elements ({{commentsTotal}})
IRL presented their list of candidates for the European Parliament elections to the election commission today, also unveiling an anti-corruption platform with a creative poster of the likeness of mayor and Center Party head Edgar Savisaar, who is also running in the elections.
The poster says: "No to corruption! Less corruption - higher standard of living!" and a montage of Russian President Vladimir Putin and Savisaar sharing a kiss.
The message of the party in the elections is that the greatest threat to European security is the spread of the corruption of Putin's regime.
Anvar Samost, a former journalist running on the IRL ticket, said the roots of the crisis in Ukraine, Russia's aggression and Europe's inadequate response can all be traced to corruption. Corrupt links have tied several influential circles and business to Russia's corrupt system and it is a great security threat for Europe, he told uudised.err.ee
The IRL candidates include Tunne Kelam, Ene Ergma, Marko Mihkelson, Anvar Samost, Eerik Kross, Yoko Alender, Mihhail Lotman, Liisa Pakosta, Tõnis Palts, Tarmo Kruusimägi, Linda Eichler and Mart Nutt.
The poster appears to be a homage to Dmitri Vrubel's iconic mural My God, Help Me to Survive This Deadly Love.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Article #2 from Saturday:
brought by two (2) news hounds: JJONESMX & walkingstick
"Let him go to the forest"
Reforming the IMF apparently impossible. But can be rebuilt
March 7, 2014, 21:45 Photo: EPA / ITAR-TASS Lyrics: Olga Samofalova
Foreign media said that Russia is trying to put pressure on the IMF to deprive the U.S. veto [power], and finally, [hand in hand with this] to increase voting stake of developing countries. China and Russia are trying to achieve this for several years - and, apparently, to no avail. We have to act very differently suggest economists.
[Memphis note: Again we read clear language that the eastern nations are ready to assume their rightful role in the financial decisions of the world. The rules of the game are changing. You might want to read the above once more, it's words should be ingrained in our minds.]
Read More Link On Right
Russian officials are putting pressure on the International Monetary Fund to its planned reform was carried out without considering the opinion of the United States, Reuters reported, citing informed sources in the IMF. Reform can mean the loss of the United States the right to veto strategic decisions in international credit organizations.
[Memphis note: no doubt you have noted that this article's translation...sucks. I am not going to offer much help tho as the meaning still comes thru imo. Again, we read that the veto power of the US is the OBJECTIVE.]
According to Reuters , Russian Finance Minister Anton Siluanov proper idea expressed during the meeting of finance ministers and central bankers of the G20 in Sydney in February 2014.
The essence of the reform is to increase the IMF's resources and reallocate quotas and voting in favor of the emerging economies, especially China, Russia, India and Brazil.
[Memphis note: allow me to be redundant? We now read that "the ESSENCE of the reform" includes:
"...reallocate quotas and voting IN FAVOR OF..."
These words are quite clear and THAT in itself is a change, a delta from their normal language. THIS contributes to the conclusion that this is a final warning, a last chance for the US to lie down and accept change...or else....]
[Memphis note: If you are thinking that I am being dramatic here or possibly jumping to conclusions? Remember this post is only an introduction....]
In fact, at the summits G20, which are held annually since 2008, the only live issue discussed - is the revision of the quota countries - members of the IMF, said the chairman of Russian Economic Society them. SF Sharapova Valentin Katasonov.
During the existence of the IMF really performed 14 revisions of quotas. The stumbling block was the decision of the last revision, which was adopted in 2010. And to solve this issue is still not possible because of the disagreement of the U.S. Congress.
The U.S. veto
IMF quota corresponds to the country's contribution to the total capital of the fund, and it is calculated from the number of votes of the country, which are necessary for the adoption of a decision the organization. Payment of shares is also calculated according to the traditional formula, where four important indicators, including GDP, openness and international reserves.
Who has more votes and he really can influence IMF policy. Most influential in the IMF is the United States, as they have the highest number of votes - 17.08%.
On the one hand, a little and a lot of decisions that require only 50% of the vote, or 70% of the vote can be taken to bypass the United States. But to make important decisions concerning the structure, financing and redistribution of quotas, it is necessary to at least 85% of the vote. And in this case more than 17% of the vote gives the U.S. the ability to block any important decision.
[Memphis note: Pay attention to this next sentence. It is the POINT to all that they are saying here. The balance of this article is free of commentary as I am out of time here to work on it. The message given here tho is quite clear.]
Compete with Washington, no one can. In Japan - 6.13% of the vote in Germany - 5.99%, the UK - 4.95%, in France - 4.95%, Saudi Arabia - 3.22%. In China and Russia only 2.94% and 2.74% respectively.
Some countries have merged into one group, which acts as a united front in the vote on various issues.
For example, the so-called group Gelvetistan, which includes Azerbaijan, Poland, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Serbia, and the interests of this group is Switzerland.
If you collect a country in the coalition, the European Union has a total of 30.3% of the votes in the IMF, and the OECD countries - 60.35%.
Other countries (85% of the total number of member countries) have only 39.65% of the vote. But the problem is that even if all members of the IMF agreement, a U.S. refusal enough to block a decision Fund on key issues.
In this closed circle seems logical to act behind the United States, namely the deletion of the U.S. general in matters of reform and increasing votes for the developing countries. But the reality is not so simple.
Arguments "for" and "against"
According to the order of the IMF is particularly displeased with China. And there are objective reasons. When created in 1944, the IMF, the U.S. had a share in the world consumption and world production of about 50%.
Now, however, the balance in the global economy seriously changed. Now, the U.S. accounts for 15-20% of world production, about the same share in the structure of global consumption, says the head of expert advice "Neocon" Mikhail Khazin.
Of course, the United States still retain its leadership in the global economy, but the Chinese economy is now quite comparable to the U.S.. In absolute scale of China's economy for more than the U.S. economy, said chairman of the Institute of dynamic conservatism Andrei Kobyakov.
"The IMF, like other financial institutions, it is necessary to reflect a growing share of China, Russia, Latin America, South Africa," - said the expert before the American Enterprise Institute, a former deputy director of the IMF to develop a strategy and analysis Desmond Lechman.
Opponents of this idea argue their opinion that countries are taking money from the IMF loan in dollars, euros, yen, and pounds, so these countries with national currencies and have a disproportionate control of the fund.
How should spread voice
In 2010, IMF members agreed to such a revision of the vote. Significantly, China's share is expected to grow - from 2.94% to 6.39%.
As a result, China should become the third largest state quotas - a member of the IMF. Also in the top ten countries with the largest number of votes shall enter Russia, India and Brazil. Thus, Russia's voice should rise from 2.49% to 2.71%.
In total, the developing countries: Brazil, Russia, India and China - now accounts for 10.71% of the allowances and the revised total quota should be increased to 14.18%, said Valentin Katasonov.
Make this decision does not give the United States, even though in this case Washington remain control over key decisions in the fund and the right of veto. But in fact, such a revision of votes against not only the U.S..
"Least of all interested in such a review, the European countries and Japan. Especially given the current plight of (the debt crisis) Europe when she is looking for money around the world, including the IMF, to plug holes in their budgets.
Europe and so it became extremely difficult to knock out new loans in the fund, as for 2010-2013, the IMF gave a disproportionate amount of loans namely European countries (mainly countries in the eurozone).
Now among the many non-European countries - members of the IMF enhanced murmuring about such favoritism European fund "- says Katasonov.
Thus, developing countries can not compete with the United States only, but also with the EU and Japan. Simple vote count shows that fight them useless. On the U.S., EU and Japan accounts for 53.51% of all votes.
Therefore, even if Russia, Brazil, India and China "recruit" to his coalition all other countries - members of the IMF, the majority will be on the side of those who support the status quo.
Russian pressure points on the EU - it is gas, and trade. However, this mutual lever. Unless, of course, Russia will not agree completely redirect their products and natural gas in Asia, covering gas supply prospects and fully closing trade - the realm of fantasy.
We need to create an alternative
Chief Economist "Uralsib Capital" Alex Deviatov believes that the output path of the U.S. game when deciding on IMF reform - hopeless. "In practice, it is impossible" - I agree, and Mikhail Khazin.
"The IMF - a system created in 1944, which is fully controlled by the United States. And, in particular, the whole apparatus of the IMF is controlled by U.S. Treasury.
In this situation, any attempt to arrange it will sabotage. If we want to keep the current system, the IMF is needed, but to make the system more adequate and less subordinate to the United States in this case will not work.
And if we want a new system, you need to create new institutions, the IMF and there is no good ", - says Mikhail Khazin newspaper VIEW.
Better to go the other way: to unite developing countries - Russia, China, India and others - and an alternative to the IMF.
This is a more effective way, although long, was considered the ninth. However, he did not rule out that progress in this direction may occur before the end of 2020.
Khazin agree that developing countries must create an alternative financial institution, and "let the U.S. are forested." But hurry here is dangerous.
"If we are talking about how to create a regional emission centers and settlement system between them, such as the clearing system, tied to gold, and so on, we can do it.
But as soon as we begin to do this, the U.S. will immediately begin to create terrible trouble with us considering that today the system - the dollar. So I tend to think that this plan will be implemented later when U.S. ability to "dirty tricks" significantly diminished. They are already weakened, "- said the expert.
Need to influence the dollar as a reserve currency has fallen below the critical level. "This can happen fairly quickly - within two to three years. But everything will depend on developments. If the U.S. will go to far in its desire to control everything, it will accelerate the process of weakening U.S. economic influence, "- said Khazin.
"States should continue in his own style twist the hands of all arrange fascist terror in Ukraine, to require all countries to buy their securities, close their markets.
Because today you can have a lot of dollars, such as China, but to buy something in the U.S., especially on some technological enterprise, you can not. The more they behave like this, the sooner will receive "- says economist.
Meanwhile, developing countries, in particular Russia and China should strengthen their national economy and create their regional emission centers, sure Khazin. "China is actively engaged in this, Brazil is likely, too, Russia - not because we have the chairman of the National Bank of the Russian Federation is an agent of the IMF.
Therefore, until you change the leadership of the Central Bank, we have the relevant work will not be done "- sums Khazin.
At the last BRICS summit, which took place at the end of March 2012 in New Delhi, has been decided to establish international financial institutions, which will have functions similar to the functions of the IMF and the World Bank.
Comments are closed.


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If you're heading out on the road and need to secure your snowmobile. Use the Raider Tie-Down Bar. This heavy steel square tube bar secures over the skis to keep your snowmobile in 1 place whether you're traveling near or far.
- Heavy steel construction
- 1-1/4 in. square tube
- Uses SP-311 ski protector
- Deluxe tie down bar


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Jerrit Clark/Wireimage
Jerrit Clark/Wireimage
Dominique Says: "Kim Kardashian meets Lady Gaga in the same place Dorothy met the Tin-Man."
The Perp: Kim Kardashian, at the Kardashian MasterCard launch in New York City
Kimmy can rock the minidress with the best of 'em, but this sheer, geometric-print sequin number is dizzying, not dazzling, not to mention unflattering!
What do you think of the reality star's getup? Write a clever caption below and we'll post our favorite here and on our Facebook page.


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AUSTIN (KXAN) — The state's Higher Education Coordinating Board is preparing for the ITT Technical Institute fallout to spread to other for-profit colleges across the state.
Raymond Paredes, the Commissioner of Higher Education, gave KXAN an update on for-profit schools. Over the summer, ITT Tech caved in because the federal government would not back student loans to the school. More than 3,000 Texas students couldn't attend classes or get access to their transcripts or records.
Now, the Texas Attorney General's Office is working with a trustee from the college to digitize all Texas records with the hopes that students can access them after November. Due to the nature of their business model, 33 for-profit college campuses are on the state's watch list that could end up in the same position as ITT Tech. Approximately 5,000 to 8,000 Texas students attend those campuses. Commissioner Paredes didn't want to go into specific campuses or colleges in the fear that it would become "a self-fulfilled prophecy" that they'd collapse.
In next year's Legislative session, the Higher Education Coordinating Board is requesting $750,000 for an additional staff member to build an online database of for-profit college records. They also are looking into creating new laws protecting for-profit colleges and students who attend them; so if one goes belly-up again, there will be a smoother transition.
Texas community colleges have specifically targeted ITT tech students who now need to finish their degree, especially in the much-needed nursing field. Some schools even have an ITT tech recruiting button right on their home page.
While some students have already transferred into local community colleges or other schools, the Higher Education Coordinating Board expects the vast majority of the 3,000-plus students to be re-enrolled in another school by this spring or next fall semester.


text: As many of you know difficult child has been having a rough time lately and has been in crisis mode several times. He's homeless 3 hours away in a different state and has been unmedicated since October. He's staying at a shelter and has been since November. The shelter director is really nice and I've contacted her several times in regards to difficult child's mental health etc. She's always been very helpful and said to contact her any time. Last week when difficult child left his "goodbye letter" on FB she was the first one I called since she runs the shelter and could help get him into the hospital etc. Today I emailed her to ask how he was doing, any updates on medication help etc. She emailed me back and said he was fine. difficult child called me shortly after and said he was told he'd be kicked out bc I contact her too much. Wow. I really don't contact her that much (except for last week during his suicide crisis) and she was the one who said in the first place to please feel free to contact her weekly. I guess I over stepped my boundaries and she's tired of hearing from me?? I'm pretty embarrassed right now about the whole thing. Do I come off to her like a crazy stalker? I guess so. Uggggh! I guess I have no one in this world to help me or my son. I guess his fate is sealed. I want to cry right now.


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- WarmUp 2 Piva Friendly Tourney: Saturday, October 29th @ Washington State University
- HOLIDAY HUSTLE: Saturday,Nov. 12th & Sunday, Nov. 13th @ Oregon State University
- WINTER WARM UP: Saturday, Jan. 21st & Sunday, Jan. 22nd @ Boise State University CANCELLED
- PIVA INVITATIONAL: Saturday, Jan. 28th & Sunday, Jan. 29th @ University of Washington
- FEBRUARY FEVER: Saturday, Feb. 11th & Sunday, Feb. 12th @ Oregon State U
- BASH 4 CASH: Saturday, Feb. 25th & Sunday, Feb. 26th @ Western Washington U
- PIVA CHAMPIONSHIPS: Saturday, March 4th & Sunday, March 5th @ Washington State University
The following requirements are needed to be considered as hosts:
1. Must participate in at least 3 total PIVA tournaments.
2. Must be able to provide at least 4-5 courts, available at 9am on both Saturday and Sunday.
3. Provide chairs, tables, and scoreboards for each court.
4. Have an onsite venue supervisor or first aid response person to assist with minor medical needs.
5. Must have nets and court ready prior to captain's meeting during tourney weekend.
As a school, you do not need to share hosting responsibilities when putting in a request unless you specify that it is a duo hosting gig. For example, if Boise State Women put in a request and gets it approved, it is their tournament and they can choose to share with the men or not. I will take into consideration last year's overall participation when making decisions on tournament hosting. The sooner you get your request in the better. As an incentive, each host will get a stipend based on how many teams participate and the game balls used during the tournament on each court. Good Luck!


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- Research and knowledge exchange activities of the School are anchored by the Centre for African Entrepreneurship Research (CAER) which was established in 2011.
- The Centre collaborates with Covenant University, Ota, and University of Abuja, University of Essex, UK, Saint Mary's University, Philippines, and University of Wolverhampton, UK on different research proects some of which have resulted in publications and Knowledge exchange.
- The Centre led the creation of Centre for African Entrepreneurship and leadership (CAEL) in University of Wolverhampton, UK
- Research leading to OXONIA Award
- Entrepreneurship and Innovation (Text book) published by University Press Ibadan
- How Agricultural Value Chain Development Can Empower Women in Developing Countries: Evidence from Nigeria and the Philippines, published by International Journal of Arts and Science
- The Changing Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Africa, published by IPA Publishers, London
- Investigating the Determinants of Wealth Creation in Nigeria, published by SAGE Publications, Washington, DC
- Informal sector economy
- Knowledge economy
- Poverty and growth strategies in Africa
- Agribusiness and Commercial Agriculture
- Binding constraints to entrepreneurial culture
- Women Entrepreneurship
- Social entrepreneurship and advocacy
- Family business management and succession
- Growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
- Comparative studies on African and Asian Entrepreneurial activities
Recent knowledge exchange output
Current Research Focus


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Traveling Luck for Smith Chapel, Georgia, United States
Where is Smith Chapel?What's around Smith Chapel?
Wikipedia near Smith Chapel
Where to stay near Smith Chapel
The timezone in Smith Chapel is America/Iqaluit
Sunrise at 08:32 and Sunset at 18:50. It's light
Latitude. 33.8653°, Longitude. -82.4489°
Weather near Smith Chapel; Report from Washington, Washington-Wilkes County Airport, GA 44.4km away
Weather :
Temperature: 4°C / 39°F
Wind: 0km/h North
Cloud: Sky Clear
Weather :
Temperature: 4°C / 39°F
Wind: 0km/h North
Cloud: Sky Clear
Satellite map around Smith Chapel
Loading map of Smith Chapel and it's surroudings
Geographic features & Photographs around Smith Chapel, in Georgia, United States
- Local Feature;
- A Nearby feature worthy of being marked on a map..
- Smith Chapel (0km)
- Barksdale Ferry (historical) (1.7km)
- Barksdale Ferry (historical) (1.7km)
- Murry Creek Camping Area (3km)
- Lincolnton Waterworks (5.1km)
- Remsens Ferry (historical) (5.7km)
- Remsens Ferry (historical) (5.7km)
- Soap Creek Lodge (6.2km)
- Willow Landing (historical) (6.3km)
- Fortsons Ferry (historical) (7km)
- Fortsons Ferry (historical) (7km)
- Augusta Camp (8km)
- Marthas Chapel (historical) (8.9km)
- Leroys Ferry (historical) (9.3km)
- Leroys Ferry (historical) (9.3km)
- stream;
- a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.
- Murry Creek (3.1km)
- Patterson Creek (3.2km)
- Harman Branch (4.7km)
- Mill Creek (5.9km)
- Curry Creek (6km)
- Lees Branch (6.3km)
- Dry Fork Creek (7.5km)
- Goshen Branch (8.1km)
- Florence Creek (8.5km)
- Buffalo Creek (9.4km)
- Beach Branch (10.2km)
- Baker Creek (10.2km)
- church;
- a building for public Christian worship.
- Bethany Church (2.5km)
- Hosannah Church (7.1km)
- Price Grove Church (7.1km)
- Goshen Church (7.9km)
- Ebenezer Church (8.1km)
- Saint Charlottes Church (8.4km)
- Bordeaux Church (9.2km)
- populated place;
- a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work.
- Hickory Knob Subdivision (4.3km)
- Goshen (7km)
- Bordeaux (9.3km)
- Honora (9.3km)
- Little River Subdivision (9.9km)
- Curry Hill (10.1km)
- Leverett (10.3km)
- park;
- an area, often of forested land, maintained as a place of beauty, or for recreation.
- Hickory Knob State Park (5.2km)
- Hickory Knob State Park (5.4km)
- Elijah Clark State Park (5.6km)
- Elijah Clark Monument (5.7km)
- Leroys Ferry Recreation Area (9.3km)
- Buffalo Creek Recreation Area (9.3km)
Accommodation around Smith Chapel
- school;
- building(s) where instruction in one or more branches of knowledge takes place.
- Ebenezer School (8km)
- Marthas Chapel School (historical) (8.1km)
- Saint Charlotte School (historical) (8.4km)
- Bordeaux School (historical) (8.4km)
- airport;
- a place where aircraft regularly land and take off, with runways, navigational aids, and major facilities for the commercial handling of passengers and cargo.
- New Prater Ranch Airport (1.5km)
- Old Prater Ranch Airport (4.7km)
- Prater Ranch Airport (4.7km)
- cemetery;
- a burial place or ground.
- Smith Chapel Cemetery (0.2km)
- Goshen Cemetery (7.9km)
- Bordeaux Cemetery (9.1km)
- bridge;
- a structure erected across an obstacle such as a stream, road, etc., in order to carry roads, railroads, and pedestrians across.
- Fortsons Ferry Bridge (7km)
- Fortson Ferry Bridge (7km)
- spring(s);
- a place where ground water flows naturally out of the ground.
- Dooley Spring (6km)
- island;
- a tract of land, smaller than a continent, surrounded by water at high water.
- Murry Island (historical) (5.9km)
Wikipedia entries close to
Smith Chapel
- Lincolnton, Georgia city city o
- Willington, South Carolina city city o
- McCormick, South Carolina city city o
- Mount Carmel, South Carolina city city o
- Plum Branch, South Carolina city city o
- Troy, South Carolina city city o
- Parksville, South Carolina city city o
- Tignall, Georgia city city o
- Modoc, South Carolina city city o
- Bradley, South Carolina city city o
- Calhoun Falls, South Carolina city city o
- Washington, Georgia city city o
- Clarks Hill, South Carolina city city o
- Abbeville, South Carolina city city o
- Promised Land, South Carolina city city o
- Rayle, Georgia city city o
Airports close to Smith Chapel
Augusta rgnl at bush fld(AGS), Bush field, Usa (90.8km)
Anderson rgnl(AND), Andersen, Usa (94km)
Columbia metropolitan(CAE), Colombia, Usa (157.2km)
Emanuel co(SBO), Santa barbara, Usa (179.2km)
Middle georgia rgnl(MCN), Macon, Usa (220km)


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Frequently Asked Questions about Marriage
1. Why does the Church teach that marriage is a sacrament?
Because it is sacred. Marriage is to be a union of love, and the sacraments make Christ, the author of all love, present in our midst. For this reason, marriage between two baptized persons is a sacrament. Like the other sacraments, marriage is not just for the good of individuals or the couple but also for the community as a whole. The Old Testament prophets saw the marriage of a man and woman as a symbol of the covenant relationship between God and his people. The permanent and exclusive union between husband and wife mirrors the mutual commitment between God and his people. Paul's Letter to the Ephesians says that this union is a symbol of the relationship between Christ and the Church.
2. Do Catholics ever validly enter into non-sacramental marriages?
Yes. Marriages between Catholics and non-Christians, while they may still be valid in the eyes of the Church, are non-sacramental. They are still blessed by God, and with permission a priest or deacon may witness such marriages.
Click the link below to read more.


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Energy Assistance Program
September 2012 - May 2013
- What is the Energy Assistance Program (EAP)?
- Who can get help from the Energy Assistance Program?
- How do I find out who my Energy Assistance Program agency is?
- How does the Energy Assistance Program work?
- How much will the Energy Assistance Program pay?
- How do I get an application for Energy Assistance?
- What is the application like?
- What else do I have to provide to apply for EAP?
- Can I apply for EAP if I am behind on my heat payments or my heat has already been shut off?
- Do I have to go in person to apply?
- How soon will I be able to get on the program?
- Once I have applied for EAP, can I stop paying my heating bill?
- Is there a waiting list for EAP?
- What do I have to do to stay on the program?
- Do I have to be a U.S. Citizen to get help from EAP?
- To get help from EAP, does if matter how long I have lived in Minnesota?
- Are there any asset limits for the EAP?
- What is the Weatherization Assistance Program?
- What is the Cold Weather Rule?
- What will happen if my heat gets shut off?
The Energy Assistance Program helps people with lower incomes to pay their heating/energy bills during the fall, winter and spring months. EAP agencies around the state take applications for the program and decide how much help each household can get to pay their heating bills.
The Energy Assistance Program is administered by the Minnesota Department of Commerce.
There is an Energy Assistance Program agency that serves every county in Minnesota. Usually, it is your local Community Action Agency. Sometimes it is your county human services office. To find the EAP agency for your county, click here.
It depends on how many people live in your household, their income, the type of fuel you use, and how much fuel you use. Those families with the lowest incomes and the highest cost for energy will get the most help paying their bills. You will get between $100 to $1400 of help. The average grant is $500. Some homeowners may also be eligible for furnace repair/replacements if they meet eligibility requirements. Ask your Energy Assistance agency for more information.
The application is called the "Minnesota Energy Programs Application." It is available in English, Spanish and large print. You can pick one up from your EAP agency or have it mailed to you. If you got help from the EAP last year, you will probably get an application mailed to you automatically. You can also get an application on this website by clicking here. It is best if you get the application directly from your local Energy Assistance Agency as that application will have the local agency's return address on the application, making it easy for you to know where to mail the application.
Applications must be recieved or postmarked by May 31st of each year to processed for EAP benefits for that program year. Applications after May 31st may be eligible for the Weatherization Assistance Program, local funds, referrals, advocacy, ect. EAP applications denied due to end of program year will be put on the mailing list to automatically recieve an applicatiion for the next prorgram year. A new EAP application is issued each year and it is not available until September of that year. You will need to apply every program year.
The Cold Weather Rule protects all Minnesotans from having their heat turned off during the winter (from October 15 to April 15) even if they have not paid all of their bills. There is information about the Cold Weather rule on the EAP application. If you fall behind paying your heating bills, you will get a letter in the mail from your energy company called a "Notice of Proposed Disconnection" telling you that your heat may be turned off soon. You will also get an "Inability to Pay/10% Plan Form." Fill this out right away and return it. Then, the utility company can decide that you do not have to pay anything, or that you only have to pay up to 10% of your income each month (but no more). Either way, your heat cannot be turned off. You may also have to fulfill other requirements, such as attending a Budget Counseling class. Another way to make sure your heat is not turned off is to call your utility company and set up a budgeted payment plan. That way, you can plan to pay about the same amount each month of the year, instead of having very large bills during the winter. Some companies also offer the Gas Affordability Program, contact your vendor for more information.


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Article Side
Online Article Directory!
How to Create Batik clothing and Category of Product Produced
As you know that batik has been admitted by UNESCO as the world's heritage. It means batik is included into the cultural things that need to be kept from extinction. Batik is originally from Indonesia. For the specific location, batik comes from Central Java, especially Yogyakarta, Solo, and Pekalongan. The tradition of batik has been in Java Island for several centuries. The history documents verification that batik clothing has been invented since seventeen century. The folks in Java, especially in Yogyakarta, Solo, and Pekalongan, have made batik for a very long time and they used traditional way to do it. The batik clothing making process takes a very long time to finish.
The first thing that needs to be prepared is a white cloth. The white cloth usually made from the perfect cotton woven fabric. The material used is 2m x 1m in size. The next thing that needs to be prepared is the canting. The canting is the instrument to paint on the white cloth. The canting is same to a pen with a small container. You can imagine a little teapot if you want the precise form of the canting. The next thing is wajan. Wajan is a frying pan but in making the batik clothing, iron frying pan is used. The wajan is used to melt wax. So, wax is also needed, The wax is used to paint the white cloth with batik pattern before the cloth is dyed into big a place full of warm water.
The process of the batik painting is started by putting the white cloth into a hanger or flat place. The batik artist sits with a canting in the hand and wajan near her. The batik painter takes the wax from the wajan using the canting and then starts painting on the white cloth. The motifs that the batik artist paints are varied. Generally they draw animals, decorative flowers, insect, geometrical shapes. The artist creates the design very carefully and with patience. The skills in painting the batik clothing motif is very needed to guarantee top quality design. After the painting process is over, the dying process is in progress. After the dying, the painted fabric is boiled. The boiling process is intended to wash the cloth from the wax.
After the process is complete, the batik clothing is ready to be sold. The batik clothing usually sold in pieces and sometimes people sell it as pakaian batik, kaos batik, tas batik, kebaya, etc. The use of batik clothing to make t-shirt make the t-shirt is more trendy. The bags made from the batik will also raise the price. Batik is very exclusive because it uses traditional technique in the making process. You can choose several motifs type of batik and purchase it as gift or you can use it for making batik.
Dedy Indrawan - About Author:
Dedy Indrawan is the owner of a website that sells a variety of pakaian batik, especially batik yogyakarta, solo and Pekalongan - Indonesia. If you are looking for a variety of typical Indonesian kaos batik then you can visit us at batik
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text: Human Rights Observatory HRW: Egypt Brotherhood Trial Relied on Single Testimony The prosecution's evidence in a trial this month of 51 alleged Muslim Brotherhood supporters in Egypt relied on the testimony of one police officer, Human Rights Watch said on Sunday. HRW said the prosecution had presented little evidence to show the defendants did anything other than spread news about a mass sit-in in Rabaa square in 2013 and organize peaceful protests. The court on April 11 had condemned 14 men to death and 37 others to a life sentence for their actions in...Read complete article© Voice of America - Sunday, April 19, 2015


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Guys, this is the corner of Wales that we are constantly exploring and where most of our mini-adventures happen. This is region of Wales where the mountains of Snowdonia meet the coast, and I'll tell you — it's where I've truly fallen in love with the one of a kind country of Wales.
And to make this sweet vintage guide book even better, is that Lonely Planet recently named North Wales 4th in regions to visit in the WORLD to visit in 2017. I've been saying what a lovely gem North Wales is since I moved here in 2012, so it's nice to have validation from one of the world's leader in travel.


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Our Bar/Bat Mitzvah Program is designed to assist in the transition to Jewish adulthood by helping participants grapple with the reality of becoming a Jewish adult and a teenager at the same time. Through experiential activities and trips, participants explore what it means to be a responsible 21st century young Jewish adult. A sense of Jewish identity is strengthened and supported through open forum dialogue among the participants, creating a community of peers. Jewish experiences of coming-of-age are also contrasted with similar experiences in other cultures and religions, leading to a greater understanding of the wider world as well as a unique perspective on the Bar/Bat Mitzvah journey. Sessions will be led by our Director of Education and Family Programming, Daniel Silverman, with assistance from our Youth Director and outside presenters. For more information, contact Daniel Silverman at 416-781-3514 ext 231.
We are looking for students with a Bar / Bat Mitzvah in 2015/2016 who are seeking to prepare for this experience with peers in a program suited to their needs. This program is tailored for students who have:
The program will consist of nine evening sessions with dinner. A valuable and voluntary parent group will run concurrently with the children's sessions. The highly subsidized cost of the Bar / Bat Mitzvah Prep Club is $700. For more information, please contact Daniel Silverman at 416-781-3514 ext 231.
This program has been made possible thanks to the Elizabeth Rose Herman Education Bursary of Beth Tzedec Congregation with partial funding provided by the UJA Federation of Greater Toronto.
To register your child in the CSX—Congregational School Experience, please download and complete the Registration Form and return it to the office. For more information, contact Daniel Silverman at 416-781-3514 ext. 231. Click here to download the Registration Package.


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text: > On Thu August 25 2005 06:52 am, RAZEK wrote: > Thanks for the tip. I did go buy this card and built the madwifi > package and it seems to work quite well. Looking back I think the > 3com card was also working, I just didn't know how to configure > debian to get it up and running. I have an open unencrypted linkup > to the ap right now so I need to set it up with a bit more security. > Can you give me any pointers on how to set that up? Where do I put > that config? Does it go under ath0 in /etc/network/interfaces? > I need to get straight in my head how to configure wireless in > debian. I seem to have it working now, but I'm not sure if I can do > it again.. ;) Install the WPA Supplicant. Gives you a single config file for configuring unencrypted, WEP-encrypted, or WPA encrypted network connections. WPA Supplicant handles the connection between the wireless card and the access point. Then you just run DHCP to handle the IP configuration. Works like a hot damn. And so much simpler than using shell scripts and the /etc/network/* config files to manage the interface. Even better, it's portable across OSes. I've used the same wpa_supplicant.conf file on FreeBSD 5.3, 5.4, and 6.0, as well as Debian 3.1, and testing. -- Freddie Cash, CCNT CCLP Helpdesk / Network Support Tech. School District 73 (250) 377-HELP [377-4357] email@example.com


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Welcome to the office of
Dr. Jose Muniz and Dr. Alpa Jani
Mission Statement
Drs. Muniz and Jani both became physicians to help others. They both believe in listening and in using their knowledge and experience to improve the lives of their patients. They encourage patients to ask questions and to participate in their own care.


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Penny and the KidVision VPK Kids go to the airport and learn about aircraft. They sit in the cockpit, watch the helicopter being fueled, see the helicopter fly vertically and horizontally, and visit an airplane museum. Come fly with KidVision VPK!
© 2018 PBS & WGBH Educational Foundation. All rights reserved.
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text: Thanks for all the research this site provides for someone with no knowledge of the topic. I just bought my wife two bags from Chanel for the holidays, a jumbo classic in black caviar and a classic coin caviar in beige/tan. I saved a few $'s doing it this week after reading here about the upcoming price increase. Seems like a wonderful supportive community. all the best.


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No matter whether your preferred pet has scales, feathers, fur, or fins, they will boost your mood just being near them. There is no better remedy for coming home after a bad day than being greeted with the unbridled enthusiasm, happiness, and unconditional love a pet can give. It's practically impossible to stay sad when your dog is wagging his tail and barking with happiness at seeing you. Pets keep us from feeling irrelevant and unloved which, in itself, is a huge health benefit.
Whether you like it or not, pets will keep you more active and physically engaged. Playing with your pet, taking them on walks, and even just being with them keeps you in motion. They also help keep your interpersonal skills honed. Going outside with your dog to the dog park, obedience classes, for grooming, or just for a stroll enables you to meet other people, other dog owners, and helps improve your social skills. Pet owners often join groups or clubs that celebrate their particular pet, or breed, which also encourages positive personal relationships. Just connecting with like-minded people who share your interests will give you an emotional health boost.
Anyone who has ever owned a pet knows that a pet will listen to you, silently and without judgment, as you talk about your day. They'll never interrupt you or make you feel that you've done anything wrong. You may not realize it, but this act alone causes your body to release oxytocin, a stress-reducing hormone associated with emotional bonding. Meanwhile, your pet's body is also releasing oxytocin, promoting a sense of connection and calmness between you. how awesome is that?
The benefits of owning a pet is inestimable. They instill a greater sense of self love, and self-acceptance. When you become too absorbed, they distract you from yourself. Their antics can provide you with laughter and stories to share; they help keep life from becoming too serious. If you don't already own a pet, consider adopting a shelter animal. The love and trust you provide your new pet with will come back to you in ways you could never imagine.


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Fantasy Cricket: Test Your Cricketing Knowledge!
Many of us dream and aim for many things in our life, but it is not always that all our wishes are fulfilled. So how would you like to fulfill at least one of your dreams? If you are a cricket fan, you are simply going to love this. You cannot claim to be a true cricket fan if you have never dreamt of selecting your ideal dream team. Every other day, we see our team losing a match and start mumbling our disapproval about the team�s combination. In fact, all cricket fans feel that they are the ones, who can best understand the game and also select the best combination for playing a match.
Life gives very little chance to an individual to realize their dreams and so no one must ever let go this opportunity. Fantasy cricket is one such chance provided to cricket fans to realize their dream of selecting their own team. What is more important is, not only can you select your own dream team, but you can actually see them live in action. One more thing, you can choose players from several countries to represent your team. So your team can consist of leading players from all over the world and play in the field at the same time.
The concept of fantasy cricket is to play a virtual game of cricket. This game can be played online on any site that provides fans with the chance of playing the game. Playing the game is very simple. Whenever an international tournament gets underway, fans can log on to the site and play the game of fantasy cricket. The names of players who are playing in that particular tournament will be listed and points are allotted to them. The points are allotted based on several factors. The form of the player is taken care and also some of the previous performance of the player is taken into consideration before allotting the points.
Each player will be allotted a sum total of certain points within which they have to build the team. So, this means that the sum total of all the selected players cannot exceed the total allotted budget points. It is here that the actual knowledge of the cricket fan and his selection skills are put to test. So, if someone is really serious about this and wants to select his dream team, he can very easily do so. Find out how much you actually know about your favorite game and your favorite players.
Winning a game of fantasy cricket depends on the way your selected player performs on the field. So if you have selected a batsman who does not perform very well in the field during the course of the tournament, you could end up losing the game. So be very careful while selecting the members of your dream team. Never get swayed by reputation and big names while selecting your team. Go strictly by merit, as only merit will help you in successfully playing and winning fantasy cricket.
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Brian J. Von Herbulis
Brian J. Von Herbulis is a decorated combat veteran and retired Lieutenant Colonel in the U.S. Marine Corps. Throughout his military career, he served in various intelligence, reconnaissance and special operations leadership assignments. He was an original member of 1st Marine Special Operations Battalion (re-designated 1st Marine Raider Battalion) where he served for 6 years. He commanded two Marine Special Operations Companies in the conduct of combat operations in Afghanistan. He also served as Battalion Operations and Executive Officer. Brian's final assignment on active duty was as Commanding Officer, 1st Reconnaissance Battalion. He officially retired from the U.S. Marine Corps on November 1, 2014. Brian is an entrepreneur and is currently the President of Ultra Solutions, Inc. He serves on the Board of Directors for the MARSOC Foundation and is involved as a team member of Mission43, a veteran support organization in Idaho.


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State Champs To Be Recognized At City CouncilDesert Pines won its second straight state championship in November defeating Mojave High School 54-24. The Jaguars won despite losing 30 seniors, eight of which received Division 1 scholarships.
Football Teams Forfeit Over Pepper-Sprayed BrawlThe Nevada Interscholastic Activities Association announced Tuesday that both Basic and Canyon Springs high schools must forfeit their games this week, as well as take a double-forfeit for last week's game.
Tackle Football Before Age 12 Can Cause Brain Damage, Study SaysOne of the authors of the study says eliminating tackling in youth football would be a major step toward making the game safe, but it's not a perfect solution.
Raiders Get OK for Las Vegas Stadium Construction PermitsThe Oakland Raiders are one step closer to being able to start building their proposed stadium in Las Vegas.
Raiders Stadium Work Could Be DelayedCounty is hoping to tackle the problem and begin construction, possibly by this December.
O.J. Simpson Getting July 20 Parole Hearing DateState Board of Parole Commissioners official David Smith said Tuesday the 70-year-old Simpson is due to appear July 20 before a panel of four parole commissioners who could approve his release Oct.1.
Raiders Will Be At 'Welcome To Las Vegas' Sign For DraftThe team announced it will be at the famous 'Welcome To Las Vegas' sign to make their fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh round pics from the iconic landmark.
Coach In Rural Nevada Accused Of Stealing FundsKen Higbee faces 225 misdemeanor and felony offenses including theft, forgery, official misconduct and misappropriation of funds.
Bishop Gorman Football Coach Sanchez Arrested for Domestic ViolenceBishop Gorman High head football coach Kenny Sanchez, who leads one of the nation's most powerful high school football programs, was arrested Tuesday in connection with a domestic violence case last year, according to authorities.
Property West Of Strip Favored For New Raiders StadiumA 63-acre parcel of land west of the Strip appears to be the top spot for a new Las Vegas Raiders stadium.
Report: Raiders 'Cautiously Optimistic' On Relocation VoteClark County Commission Chairman Steve Sisolak met with team president Marc Badain Wednesday, and said the Raiders are still lobbying for votes from fellow NFL owners and are taking "nothing for granted."
Adelson Spokesman: Raiders Made More DemandsAdelson spokesman claims Adelson was "willing to share revenues" with the NFL team, but the Raiders were "picking his pocket."


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Download formula 1 car wash and design apk free for Android smartphone
Posted by Boo Mania in Casual | Nov. 17, 2014 | 0 Comments
Apk file size: 0 bytes
Welcome to the special car salon games, place where you'll get to work with some of the best cars on the planet and one of them is a formula 1 car, a vehicle which needs your attention right away.
Despite the age you have, this job you'll be doing here in our car wash and design games for kids is not harder than the one that you'll might do when washing your own car.
★★★★ One of the car garage games you'll love to play! ★★★★
Like in any my car games you'll might get to play on the market this has also some of the features any car wash needs:
• New special car!
• Washing materials!
• Enjoyable sound effects and music!
• Fun game play and easy!
• FREE to play for how long you like!
What better formula 1 car games had you played?
Boo Mania part of our Casual and have average installs from 5000 to 10000. Last Update Nov. 17, 2014. Google play rating is 54.359. Current verison is None. Actual size 0 bytes.


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(CBS/AP) "Think Like a Man" won the box office for the second-straight weekend in a row, earning $18 million.
Four movies were bunched up for the No. 2 spot in the $11 million range: Sony's animated comedy "The Pirates! Band of Misfits" with $11.4 million; the Warner Bros. romantic drama "The Lucky One" with $11.3 million; Lionsgate's blockbuster "The Hunger Games" with $11.25 million; and Universal's romantic comedy "The Five-Year Engagement" with $11.2 million.
Those four flicks were so close that their rankings from Sunday studio estimates could change once final numbers are released Monday.
Along with "Pirates," whose voice cast was led by Hugh Grant, and "Five-Year Engagement," which stars Jason Segel and Emily Blunt, the other newcomers were Jason Statham's action tale "Safe" from Lionsgate at No. 6 with $7.7 million and John Cusack's Edgar Allan Poe mystery "The Raven" from Relativity Media at No. 7 with $7.3 million.
"Think Like a Man" raised its domestic total to $60.9 million, while "The Lucky One" lifted its haul to $39.9 million.
Meanwhile Disney's "The Avengers" lived up to its buzz earning $178.4 million overseas. The action blockbuster debuts Friday in the United States after launching in 39 other countries a week earlier.
The huge overseas launch will help fan the frenzy already in place for "The Avengers," the superhero mash-up of Marvel Comics idols whose cast includes Robert Downey Jr., Scarlett Johansson, Chris Evans, Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Jeremy Renner and Samuel L. Jackson.
Directed by Joss Whedon, "The Avengers" has strong word-of-mouth domestically from fans who were able to see advanced screenings.
Critics also have given the film high marks, and the publicity blast from the overseas revenues could push the movie into record-debut territory. The "Harry Potter" finale now has the top opening weekend domestically with $169.2 million, followed by "The Dark Knight" with $158.4 million and "The Hunger Games" with $152.5 million.


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Shaco Build Guide by Phsychofreak
Not Updated For Current Season
This guide has not yet been updated for the current season. Please keep this in mind while reading. You can see the most recently updated guides on the browse guides page.
Thank You!
Your votes and comments encourage our guide authors to continue
creating helpful guides for the League of Legends community.
Shaco Simplicity
Shaco Build
Top Lane
Basic Purchase Order.
In Depth Purchase Order.
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
A little about me.
Hi, well I've only been playing league for a few weeks and have bounce between different types of people, different builds and different strategies.
After a while i took a risk and used all my I.P on Shaco, hoping i would be able to use him. now at first i struggled, the builds already up on mobafire didn't suit my aggressive play style so i started to create my own.
After a little trial and a lot of error, i came up with a reasonably simple build that will hopefully suit people of all skills and strategies.
About the build.
The build starts out with a crystalline flask, so you can simply restore health and mana throughout the game whenever you may need it.
Now the reason i chose to open with deceive over jack in the box is because unlike jack in the box, deceive can be used to directly attack an enemy with the element of surprise, and can be used to escape if you ever get caught short in battle.
Now as you get more gold you go on to buy the philosophers stone to make you self sufficient on mana, so no more finding you cant use an ability due to lack of mana.
next we get shaco's speed up, so you get further when deceiving, and to get away quick get-away if you find yourself loosing to another champion.
Now from there its simple, get Shako strong. i start to focus on increasing Shaco's attack damage and ability power, while decreasing his ability's cooldown.
The final statement.
Now for me, this class has worked wonders, and with a few modification to my play style, i hope to go from getting 3-5-11 (my first game with Shako) up to at least 6-3-10.
I think personally that my build is well balanced until around level 10, and from there you will start becoming a little over powered, depending on how well you use and combine your ability's.


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Hey crazy genius. How's your day?
Did you spend your entire weekend cramming in work for your baby business?(Not a baby business per se, but a new business. I know how things can get misconstrued over these internet waves.)
Instead of enjoying a night out with your favorite peeps, you toiled away at your laptop.
The next day you went to that job.
And, it pissed you off every time someone actually asked you to work.
You don't mean any harm. You have bills to pay and hell, this is how you are getting that done.
But, you are ready. Ready to take that leap of faith.
Leaps of faith are admirable, but…you've still got bills.
So you build while you work.
These tips are for you.
You cannot conquer it all in a day. Baby steps are key.
Don't rush through developing your baby biz. Pay attention to the details. The fine details will lead clients to you.
Treat your baby biz as a job with set hours. Ten hours per week is a good starting point. Establishing hours will help keep you more focused, and force you to pay attention to how you spend your time.
Embrace where you are in life. Remember that your job, is on some level, making it possible for you to build your baby biz.
Assign certain types of tasks to specific days. For example, Mondays work on new client outreach. Tuesdays work on administrative tasks such as organizing your contacts. Wednesdays work on service or product development. Thursdays work on promotional strategies and marketing initiatives. Fridays work on blog and/or website updates. By the end of the week, you will have made progress in each of the key areas of your business.
Entrepreneurs need multiple streams of revenue. While you are working that job, take time to flesh out your primary service into multiple revenue streams.
Now that you've given yourself set hours each week, take a day off. You need it!
Make a list of where you waste time. Does one fan page update turn into 45 minutes of browsing Facebook? Then use a service like Hootsuite that doesn't require you to log in.
Instead of focusing on the something new that you can add to your business, spend a few minutes each day improving what you already have. Potential clients will notice. I promise.
At the beginning of each week (I do this on Sundays) review what you achieved for your baby biz during the previous week. Make your to-do list for the upcoming week. Don't forget to plan your to-do's according to what we discussed in #5.
Do you have specific goals for your baby biz? Goals are concrete such as "Improve reader retention on my blog by 25%" If you are not intimately familiar with your goals, then your are probably wasting a ton of time.
Each and every to-do should align with a goal. If it doesn't then why are you doing it??
Focus on where you've come from instead of where you are at now. Don't discredit all of the hard work you've done so far just because you are not where you would like to be.
If you have clients, think of ways to improve their experience. Clients should not have to suffer because you are working a job and your baby biz. For instance, if you cannot check emails everyday, manage their expectation. Set up a friendly auto-responder that says that they will receive a response within 48 hours. This automates a process for you, lets the client know that you care and gives you a bit of time to breathe instead of leaping at every email alert.
Do you have tips to add to the list? Do share.


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Sonoma State University is bringing the global experience to students on campus. International Education Week, Nov. 14-17, showcases a celebration of different cultures from around the world.
"Showcasing diversity is important because our world is flatter every day and California's borders do not lead to the end of the earth," says Robert Eyler, Dean of the School of Extended and International Education. "Diversity in this context, it's really about recognizing that we are not alone on this planet and that having people from different races, creeds, and national origins on campus is extremely important as to how we learn about ourselves and our world."
SSU's participation in the week is part of a national effort to prepare American students for a global environment, says Becky Petrow, international student coordinator for international education. "With the rhetoric of the election and its outcome, there has been a growing concern about international law, immigration, international education and exchange," she says. "The international community at SSU deserves our acknowledgement and appreciation for the global perspective that they bring to this campus and we need to be sure that we are active more than ever to highlight these global cultures."
International Education Week starts off the weeklong schedule of events with a special opening ceremony Nov. 14 at noon in Seawolf Plaza with remarks from Interim Provost Jeri Echeverria.
Following the talk, Hamel Family Chair of Wine Business Education Damien Wilson holds a special lecture on cultural adaptation in Schultz 3001 at 1 p.m. Wilson has worked in 16 countries around the world and his talk explores the obligations of being an international guest and how to embrace cultural diversity through international exchange.
Along with fun workshops highlighting cheese from around the world and a Taiko drumming performance, International Education Week also ventures into more serious territory with Eyler's talk, "Five Things You Need to Know About the International Economy for 2017." This talk explores the effects of Brexit and the recent U.S. election on international education and work opportunities in the U.K.
"I hope that students recognize the importance of a global perspective and how much there is to explore around our world," says Eyler. "This is especially true in terms of the labor market opportunities when one becomes more global and sees that you can live abroad and have amazing experiences."
International Education Week also offers informational sessions to students wanting to start their own unique global journey. Whether a student wants to study abroad, join the Peace Corpsor work, intern, or volunteer abroad with WIVA, students will be able to hear all these options for themselves.
"With studying abroad, students gain the experience of living elsewhere while going to school and not necessarily having to work abroad," says Eyler. "It is a completely different way to spend time and can exponentially expand one's perspective on the world. The acquisition of a new language can also transform your life; so can living in another place where English is the primary language but is simply outside the United States."
International Education Week is sponsored by the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, as well as the U.S. Department of Education. The annual week of celebration is observed across the United States and around the world each November, typically the week before Thanksgiving.
For a full schedule of events, see Sonoma State's Center for International Education.


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This article I wanted to ReBlog is pretty close to my heart. It was making the rounds a few months ago on my friends' Facebook pages. It's important stuff to remember, because theatre extends to all of us in a performing capacity.
Things I Wish I Had Been Told In Theatre School
#5 is important. Very important.
In college, I learned never piss off the stage manager. That's the first person you don't want to piss off. The next people are the crew. Because you don't want to piss off the people who are in charge of either: having your props ready, having your quick-change ready, keeping you lit, keeping you mic'd, and doing your make-up and wig well.
After working for Front of House these past few months, I'll also say this to the theatre youth, because I've been "meeting" quite a lot of them lately: the way you treat front of house staff members may not affect how well or badly you do as a performer, but it is much more reflective of how terrible of a person you will be in real life. Much like a waiter, or retail person, or some other low-level position that gets little respect but has to deal constantly with the worst society has to offer, I'll just say this: you'll get a lot further with us if you start off with, "I'm sorry, could you help me," or "Excuse me?" as opposed to, "Hey. You. Over there."
And #25 is the most important to understand of all.
But I also love #30.
I hate it, I hate it when people are intoxicated in any way, when they're about to go onstage. It's stupid, it's childish, and yeah, you're worse. Do what you want for your solo act, but everyone's expected to be at their best when they go and do a show with other people. I agree, it has nothing to do with professionalism. I think it has everything to do with respect. Do you respect the people you work with enough, and do you respect what you do enough?