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Contact Me…
For Leveridge Landscape Design inquiries please email me privately at:
I look forward to hearing from you.
{ 36 comments… read them below or add one }
- 1 May 7, 2010 at 10:40 am
great seeing your design services!
- 2 June 9, 2010 at 8:32 pm
obviously, i'm not so sophisticated, but, philip, i don't think i've ever seen a website that's so lovely, complex, and interesting all at once. i hesitate to write anything because i feel like such a rube.
and i thought i was a gardener. hmmm.
- 4 August 3, 2010 at 3:16 pm
Hi. I am returning to Austin after 15 years in Arkansas. Your web site is interesting, I too am a gardner. Thanks, Terry
- 6 August 10, 2010 at 1:13 pm
Love your website and creative use of words/pictures/movie references. I have shown it to the landscaper helping me re-work our backyard and said "do it like this!"
One suggestion (as if you asked for it): It does take rather a long time to load for those of us on connections less-than-blinding fast. I wonder if you'd ever consider re-sizing your photos down a bit or shortening your pages somehow? Your home pages is 33MB! That's huge…bigger than my first hard drive!
OK…sorry. I love your site, want to have your yard and will continue to read.
- 8 September 2, 2010 at 12:36 pm
Found you a few months back while reading "Digging".
Love your photos. Love your garden.
Thank you for sharing!
- 10 October 9, 2010 at 2:45 am
I'm soooo impressed with your artistry, and can't wait to see how you'll incorporate my favorite plant into your designs! Your sense of texture, as well as color and design, are remarkable. Keep up the good work!
- 12 October 18, 2010 at 10:39 pm
Philip, the Patch looks so beautiful, unlike any other patch on earth. I've no doubt it was the jewel in the Conservancy's crown on Saturday's tour.
Next time you come across a Giant Swallowtail caterpillar, give the nasty looking fellow a gentle chuck under the chin and be amazed by the bright yellow antennae that spring from his brow, complete with a somewhat repellent odor reminiscent of rancid oil. (Come to think of it, he might deserve an inglorious spot in Looks Like … )
Thanks for another delightful visual extravaganza. I so look forward to these weekly browses!
- 14 October 20, 2010 at 8:57 pm
Hmmmm. That surprises me. Maybe the booger actually enjoyed the chin chuck – or perhaps you're a caterpillar whisperer! Well, next time, try a gentle touch on the body. I promise he'll deliver. Even an unexpected sprinkling of water can cause the reaction. But hurry! He'll be off to pupate before you know it. Is he on your lime tree? There are bound to be others, perhaps still much smaller and easily overlooked as they look like mere bird droppings.
- 16 October 23, 2010 at 12:26 am
I'm shocked! Well, don't be too discouraged by your disappointing experience with Jabba. I just know the little blobs will perform for you and the hobbits. If the small caterpillars don't respond, I don't know what to think. Lest you think I'm pulling your leg, here's a link to a picture of another giant swallowtail caterpillar, possibly even less attractive than Jabba. I know, you think that's not possible. But behold and be amazed: http://www.butterfliesandwildlife.com/2010/05/11/giant-swallowtail-caterpillar-on-orange-tree/
Fingers crossed for an awesome display,
- 17 January 11, 2011 at 7:09 am
Hi Philip,
I admire your macro shots of flowers and fauna…I photograph flowers as well and I'm interested in knowing what kind of camera and lens do you use when shooting the macro shots?
- 19 January 31, 2011 at 10:35 pm
Hey Philip,
Can you tell me what software program you use for landscape design? Thinking about stepping into the 21st century and getting a program instead of drawing on paper.
Toni :-)
- 21 February 14, 2011 at 10:47 am
How did the Mexican Lime survive the freeze? Do you do anything to protect it or have it planted in a strategic location?
- 23 February 24, 2011 at 10:40 pm
have you checked out http://www.lagunadirt.blogspot.com? I just found her and I'm overwhelmed!
- 25 March 29, 2011 at 1:02 pm
Hi Philip,
I took two of your offerings at Pam's Go Go Design day last Saturday. And I have a couple of questions (because I am notoriously bad at paying attention when information is first presented):
Would you keep the acorn cactus in a pot or can it go in the ground?
And, what is the spotted, green leafed plant which I greedily took without absorbing the name, or how big it gets, or whether it likes sun/shade etc.
I don't want to put it in the ground until I know what it likes.
Thanks, and it was nice to meet you and other Austin gardeners that day.
- 27 March 30, 2011 at 8:29 am
Thanks so much, that is exactly what I needed to know.
- 28 October 29, 2011 at 10:15 pm
Although I am supposed to be finishing a paper, I have spent the last two hours reading your blog, admiring the photographs, enjoying the lightness and warmth of your writing, smiling at the pictures and stories of your children, and wishing more people were as creative and happy as you are. I intend to spend more hours reading your entries (after the paper is done)! Thanks for sharing your ideas and talent; they are inspiring.
Hi Eugenia.
Sorry for my late reply.
What a nice message…I love getting feedback from my writing and my blog, especially when it is all positive :-) I am happy you find it all interesting. I wish you luck with your paper and do stay in touch. Now…get back to that paper, immediately!
- 29 November 3, 2011 at 5:22 pm
Hi Philip,
I've really enjoyed your web site, and all the images of all the hard work and thought you've put into your garden. I am at step 3 (learning), but making
progress. After seeing your digital plan view of your garden, I've decided to layout a hand sketch or our yard for the purpose of planning.
Then I am going to attempt a digital plan view in CS maybe Photoshop and/or Illustrator.
- 31 April 12, 2012 at 1:36 pm
Dear Phillip,
I found your blog while searching Google for an image of the Amaranth flower pod to see how it opens. Wow!
Thank you for the beautiful photos. Your joy and sense of fun inspire me to embrace more for myself.
A question….your photos inspire some art making thoughts. I am in progress on a series of The Tree of Life in various traditions. May I use your photos as….. reference….probably as source for drawings and or collage. It's your sense of pattern and abstract design that beckons me.
- 33 May 11, 2013 at 7:01 pm
I love your design ideas and your gardens are amazing. I had a quick question, we are constructing a play area in our backyard and will be multching a fairly large area for safety purposes. ( double swings) I want the transition to our crushed granite to be attractive opposed to using rail ties and was thinking stone. Do you have any suggestions of stone that would be attractive and also meld the six inches of multch into our crushed granite by possibly stacking it? Thanks in advance.
- 35 January 25, 2014 at 10:21 am
Hi – I have some questions about caring for old large live oaks. I live in a subdivision in Round Rock. I found you by googling "image: leaning oak". My trees are healthy, but we are adding things to the yard that I am afraid are covering some roots. I saw a photo of yours with a small but leaning tree. It's on the HOUZZ website, as a "Nov 2013" project you did. You took out a bed and put in a path, between the leaning tree and the house. My leaning tree is about 20 feet from the house but has a trunk about 3 feet in diameter. I am wondering about the roots of your client's tree that go under the house, and mostly, of course, about my tree. Do you know anything about what would be happening with the roots on the side where the house is on your photos, ie, the roots that seem to me would be holding up the tree because it is leaning away from them? Did you put in a permeable path? I am trying to thoroughly understand the oaks. I have read a lot, and yet I don't know whether we are making mistakes, how important they might be, and what we can do to minimize them. Is this part of your expertise? If so, can we talk, please? Thanks!
Leave a Comment


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It's October again and I'm going to attempt to write for 31 days straight (this will be my fourth year) about all things real.
The "real" of what is going on with my life
on any particular day in October.
Real crazy.
Real funny.
Real frustrating.
Real fascinating.
And hoping above all else that I can keep
up with this writing schedule this year.
I might not.
But that's okay.
It's real.

subset: commoncrawl


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In Reply to: For Kevin posted by Jill D on October 16, 2000 at 08:40:55:
Hello Jill,
I hope you had a pleasant day and hope that you was able to manage on your own today. It sounds like you have a great support base with your children and husband. Having assistance after the surgery is a big concern for me. I am recently divorced and I really do not have anyone to take care of me. My surgeon brought up the idea of putting me in what sounded like a nursing home (the thought of that really bothers me), but this would only be for a few days following the surgery. You stated that getting the kids ready for school was do-able, but how was the rest of your day? Do you have to push yourself rather hard to get things done? The reason I ask this is because I tend to do whatever it takes to complete my daily task, and I see that this could become a problem when I am post-op. Even though I understand that it will be my responsibility to limit my activities so I can actually heal, I think it will be rather hard! Hope things are bearable.
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|LimeWire Pays RIAA $105 Million, Artists Get Nothing
|Posted by: Digg on May 14th, 2011 9:53 AM
|In the midst of their jury trial, the company behind the defunct LimeWire client and the RIAA settled their dispute out of court. Limewire will pay $105 million to compensate the major music labels for damages suffered. A moment of justice for the music industry, but not necessarily for the artists.
Read More


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Narendra Modi, the Superhero of General Elections 2014 is all set to rule the country as he wants. The clear mandate for Narendra Modi and allied parties represents the mood of nation. The expectations are high and Modi has to perform and take bold decisions to meet the expectations of people.
Image source: Internet
Tough decisions by Modi are required to fast-track economic growth. BJP got a clear mandate; Modi needs to take bold decisions to revive the economic condition of India.
Hopes of Oil and Gas Industry
Approval for domestic gas price hike
Quicker approvals for exploration and production
Continuing with diesel price hike
Hopes of Steel Industry
Additional restrictions on iron ore exports
Demand creation through infrastructure push
Hopes of Automobile Industry
Reduction of import taxes on components and completely knocked down vehicles
Incentives for localization of inputs
Hopes of Banking Industry from Modi Government
Reduce government stake in Public Sector Banks
Reduce SLR
Permission to issue tax free bonds
Hopes of Infrastructure and Power industry
Shield the power sector from a proposed hike in gas prices
Development of industrial and height corridors
Streamlined project clearance for faster execution
Real Estate Sector
Sector regulator to speed up approvals
Transparency through electronic record keeping
Favorable home loan rates
Agriculture Sector
Deregulation of Urea Industry
Favorable Policy to spur investment in fertilizers
On Friday votes were counted, Sensex and Nifty had the life time high. Sensex crossed 25000 mark and Nifty touched 7500. Buying by foreign investors was high, but domestic investor booked the profits. Indian Stock markets are expected to touch all time high and by December the target for Sensex is 30,000.
Foreign institutional Investors are bullish on Indian stock markets. Companies which were associated with donations to BJP, are the biggest gainers in election rally. Reliance Industries, Adani Enterprises made big gains.
Since 1984, it's the first time that a single party won the seats required to form a government. BJP have the enough number to pass any bill that it wants. Modi is all free to take the decisions and pass the bills he thinks will benefit the country.
Posted 3 years, 8 months ago by Stock Guru
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Henry Fielding
Henry Fielding (1707-1754) was an English novelist and playwright.
Whereas his contemporaries Samuel Richardson and Daniel Defoe dressed up their novels as "letters" or "memoirs," Fielding was the first major English writer to proclaim openly that his books were fictions. They are known for their satire and earthy humor; his most famous novel is Tom Jones.
In his professional roles as barrister and then magistrate, Fielding is also credited with helping to establish London's first police force, the Bow Street Runners.


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Download Motorcycle Sounds apk 1.1 free for Android smartphone
Posted by Amntelm in Entertainment | Oct. 19, 2014 | 1 Comments
Apk file size: 12.0 MB
This Application has some original engine sounds of the Bikes - Motorcycle Sounds Made for FREE App!!
Imagine yourself as a participant of the Moto GP! How awesome it would be to hang out with famous bikers and to enjoy listening to the Honda sounds. You don't have to imagine this anymore because Motorcycle Sounds app leads you directly to the core of the best motorcycle sound where you'll find loads of different motorcycle models.
Suzuki or Kawasaki – which one do you prefer? Or maybe you are a fan of the most famous brand of motorcycles in the world known as Yamaha? Well, guess what, it doesn't matter which one you like, because this free app offers you all these cycle sounds and even more. This is a really great application and the best thing is that you can download it for free. With this new Motorcycle Sounds app you can enjoy listening to the revving of Harley Davidson. You can use these sounds to brag at biker parties or to start a conversation with a person who shares the same passion for motocross and who also appreciates hearing screeching tires on the asphalt. This fast and furious app can help you get your motorcycle license and help you learn more about motorcycle clothing and other stuff. If you are a true fan, you will love to have these sounds as your ringtone!
Put your helmets on and prepare for the wildest ride you have ever had!
Disclaimer :
All copyrights and trademarks are owned by their respective owners. Pictures in this application were collected from all over the web, if I violated your copyright, please let me know and it will be removed as soon as possible.
Amntelm part of our Entertainment and have average installs from 5000 to 10000. Last Update Oct. 19, 2014. Google play rating is 71.3513. Current verison is 1.1. Actual size 12.0 MB.
Similar applications
SoundRacer OBDII Engine Sounds379 Comments
Motorcycle Masterpieces Part 16 Comments
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Motorcyle sound The bests sound


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New Delhi, 10 March 2016: The New Trade Union Initiative condemns the judgment of the Additional District and Sessions Court, Gurgaon, in the 18 July 2012 incident at Maruti-Suzuki Limited's Manesar plant, in which a manager unfortunately lost his life, convicting 13 workers with murder. 18 other have been variously convicted for trespass, unlawful assembly, mischief and rioting and possession of deadly weapons. 117 workers who were kept under arrest for at least 31 months and more have been acquitted of all charges. The sentences of the 31 convicted workers will be announced by the court on 17 March.
- Kavita Bhatia
- Ashrita Saran
- A Jyoti
- 07 Jan 2018
- 06 Jan 2018
- 26 Oct 2017


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Town founder Zeb Garrison is finally getting his wish — a qualified physician is coming to High Plains.
Yet when Dr. N. Mitchell turns out to be the very pretty Nora Mitchell, Zeb is furious. The storm-torn town needs a doctor, but Zeb needs someone he can trust — not another woman who's deceived him. If Nora's going to change his mind, she'll have to work fast. All she has is a one-month trial to prove her worth … to High Plains, and to Zeb.


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Bluffton Today Online
I'm having trouble with the new online version of the Bluffton Today. For Example if I open up page 2-3 and zoom in I can read everything on page 2 but when I try to drag the hand over to page 3 I can't view the whole page. What am I doing wrong?


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Our 'not so' best kept secrets...
Join The Breakfast Club
Early riser? Gym before work? Nightshift worker? Why not wax before work! We are pleased to introduce our Breakfast Club which will be open for waxing from 7am. This service is available NOW, every Wednesday, Thursday and Friday in our Glasgow branch.
Book Your Breakfast Club Wax
February Treats
Since our January treats were such a success meaning we couldn't fit everyone in, we have decided to extend the offer to February.
- Dermaplaning Standard - £40
- Lash Lift - £39
- Bring a friend for a Lash Lift, you both get it for £29 each!
Patch test required for Lash Lifts at least 24 hours prior to your appointment. Deposit required at time of booking.
Tell A Friend (Tell The World!)
If you have recommended a friend to the salon, they will receive money off their first visit and you will also get a little surprise from us to say thank you!
Peaches Training Academy
Learn new beauty skills at Peaches Academy.
Finally the chance is here to learn all things Peaches. We have designed but a few training courses to help you get ahead of the competition.
Peaches Training Academy
20/1/17 Press Release - Peaches's Awesome Aberdeen Salon Launches
Award Winning Peaches Wax Bar is celebrating the launch of their new expert Waxing Salon in Aberdeen. Peaches is offering new clients a free treatment from a list of many when they book any wax treatment.
In a slightly different approach to launching its new expert Brazilian Waxing salon, Peaches Wax Bar, a Beauty Salon in Aberdeen has decided it will celebrate the launch by offering new clients a free treatment from a list of many when they book any wax treatment. The launch celebration is expected to take place Saturday 11th February.
Where most businesses tend to just launch and keep quiet about it, Peaches Wax Bar has decided to have a lot more fun with the launch of its new Aberdeen expert Brazilian Waxing Salon. The new salon, the first dedicated waxing salon in Aberdeen, offers intimate Brazilian waxing services for women and men, LVL Lashes, Billion Dollar Brows, beauty treatments and Dermaplaning.
Kerri-Ann Angus, Owner at Peaches Wax Bar, says: "We wanted to bring our famous waxing skills to Aberdeen, introduce our award winning team and launch of our new dedicated, expert Waxing Salon with a launch offer that will let the awesome people of Aberdeen get to know us and find out for themselves, what all the fuss is all about when they hear folk talk about Peaches.
It will be an ace celebration and we're hoping it will introduce Peaches to the Aberdeen community helping us make some new friends and clients for life. It will be a brilliant day, unless of course we underestimate how much bubbly to buy for everyone".
Peaches Wax Bar has always made a point of standing out when compared to other Beauty Salons in Scotland. This launch celebration is just one of the many ways it does so.
This is a great chance for Aberdeen residents to go and try their new salon and to sample the services of Aberdeen\'s only dedicated waxing venue and support a new professional, friendly, local business.
Peaches Wax Bar has been serving Scotland since 2010. To date it has served over 5000 customers and has become recognized as a multi-award winning business. It has two other very successful salons located in Glasgow and Falkirk. Peaches also has a super successfultraining academy, offering beauty courses and specialist waxing courses for beginners through to professional.
In 2014, Peaches were finalists in the INAA Hair & Beauty Awards for 'Best Beauty Salon In Glasgow and finalists in Fakebake Hair & Beauty Awards for 'Best Beauty Salon In The South West of Scotland. In 2015 they were finalists in Fakebake Hair & Beauty Awards for 'Best Team/Customer Service in Scotland.
2016 was a fantastic year for this customer focussed business scooping up another haul of awards including: finalists in Scotlands Business Awards for Best 'Glasgow Beauty Salon', 'Glasgow Consumer Award' and 'Best Multi-location business'. Winners of 'Glasgow Consumer Award 2016. Winners in Scotlands Business Awards Grand Finale for 'Scotlands Consumer Award. Winners in Scotlands Business Awards, Falkirk Stirling for 'Best Beauty Salon, Falkirk. Shortlisted in Icon Awards for 'Beauty Business Of The Year, for Business Women Scotland Awards for 'SME Of The Year' and for 'Team Customer Service Of The Year ' (Peaches Glasgow).
To top it off, they were winners of'Beauty Salon Of The Year' (Peaches Falkirk) and winners of 'Overall Beauty Salon Of The Year, Scotland.
Peaches Wax Bar can be found at 18 Victoria Street near Union Street and is in easy walking distance of Aberdeen's central shopping areas.
Kerri-Ann Angus also said: "While Peaches Wax Bar may not be the only business offering waxing services, our clients choose Peaches Wax Bar because we guarantee quality treatments, service and aftercare, doing everything possible to ensure our clients leave our salons with the perfect wax every time. This means continually improving our services by holding staff training every six weeks to ensure every Peaches waxer is at their utmost standard".
When asked about the new Specialist Waxing Salon service, Kerri-Ann Angus said: "It's going to be a hit because we were asked by so many people to head up here and after researching and doing Peaches Pop Ups in Aberdeen, we quickly realised what was missing from the industry in Aberdeen. Us of course! So pop in and say hey".


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The Inherent Value of Learning Proper CPR
For most people, cardiopulmonary resuscitation is something that they know about. How can it be unfamiliar when even pop culture presents it all the time? It is very common to see movies where a damsel in distress suddenly finds herself drowning, then a guy, whom she has been dreaming about since she was eight, comes to her rescue and gives her CPR. Suddenly, the focus goes to the mere fact that their lips kissed rather than her being practically brought back from the dead. In all seriousness however, CPR is something that should be learned for very important reasons.
What makes learning CPR so crucial is the fact that proper knowledge of it gives people the chance to save lives. There is a step by step procedure that must be followed in order for the technique to be done properly. It is a good thing that CPR training courses are made available at different places. Initially, there is a need for a few compressions on the victim's chest in which the hands will be placed at a specific area on the chest. It would then be pushed harder and harder until the victim shows some signs of life. Next, the administrator of the CPR will do mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, applying artificial breath to the victim. This helps the latter's blood circulation improve and spreads oxygen to the body's important organs. This buys some time until emergency professionals come to the rescue.
There is a great significance in being able to give a victim appropriate CPR. If the technique is not provided, it might cost the life of the victim. Though there is still the need to give the person professional medical attention, the short moments in which CPR is performed can help them pull through to at least make it to the hospital. There is a risk, though, of causing severe complications if CPR is not administered properly. This is why it is important for someone who has taken appropriate CPR training to take on the task.
It is not hard to find CPR training classes today. There are many certified centers and health institutions that teach the courses with the help of licensed professionals. They will cover all the important points that a person needs to go over before being CPR-certified. As a matter of fact, in accordance to what is known as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, most of the CPR training centers do a revisiting of the procedures involved in the technique for those who have taken on their courses. To meet up with the demands of the people today, there are many training centers that now provide their lessons through online portals.
CPR training courses are mostly implemented with a bunch of life-saving drills. The trainees are given the chance to choose the level of first aid training though. Those who are involved in the medical field should opt for courses that go for more comprehensive training. The difference between adult and child CPR should be made clear in order to avoid any mishaps upon administering the technique.


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Most consumers consider the cost of buying health insurance a burden, which is not surprising considering that premiums continue to rise. According to an independent analysis conducted by USA Today, insurance purchased in the marketplace in just the last year has had an average rate increase of 7.5 percent in 30 of the largest markets. Additionally, deductibles are up for all plans and it's getting harder to obtain health insurance with out-of-pockets of less than $3,000 per plan member.

How Can Health Care Consumers Get More out of Their Incomes Without Scrimping on Coverage?

Fortunately, most employers are doing all they can to provide low-cost group employee benefits that enable members to make their health care dollars stretch further. Employers are turning to three and four tier health care plan options that give consumers more choices. On top of that, employers are offering a wide range of voluntary plan options at group rates that won't break the bank.

The good news is that there are plenty of ways that employees can squeeze more out of their incomes by being smart health care consumers and choosing the right programs for their needs. Using a customized and smart strategy, it's possible to make earnings count. Some ways to do this include:

Participating in the Employer's Flexible Spending and Health Savings Arrangements

Every year, millions of consumers leave dollars on the table by not taking part in their employer's FSA and HSA programs. This is a costly mistake. Even putting a small amount of money away on one of these types of accounts can save you a great deal in taxes and the money is portable for medical and dependent care expenses. The government allows individuals to save as much as $3,350 for individuals and $6,750 for families (as of 2016 guidelines). For FSAs, you can put aside $5,000 for the family, and FSAs also now allow for a roll-over of $500 each year.

Negotiate for the Best Rates for Medical Services, Prescriptions, and More

Many healthcare consumers do not realize that they can shop around for the best rates on medical services, medications, and other necessary health needs. A Washington Post article highlighted the fact that medical costs for similar or the same procedures can vary widely from one provider to another – largely because they can charge what they want. For example, one hospital in the Richmond, Virginia metropolitan area charged $117,000 for a lower limb replacement, while another medical center charged $25,600 for the identical procedure. Call around and negotiate the best rates, including for prescription drugs and durable medical equipment.

Use Transit Benefits to Rack up the Tax Savings

In many cities, companies offer transit benefits for daily commuters to offset the costs of parking or using public transportation. Companies with as little as 20 employees in major metropolitan areas may offer generous transit benefits that can rack up to $255 or more per month (as approved by the IRS) and it's conveniently handled directly through payroll processing. Find out if you can put this money into a special pre-tax account and if you park your own vehicle and ride the bus or subway in, you can double-dip on these benefits. Don't forget to track mileage to and from doctor's appointments too, which you can claim on your annual taxes.

Take Advantage of Wellness Programs and Incentives

Based on a 2015 report from the Society for Human Resource Management, "more than two-thirds of U.S. employers offer wellness programs as part of their benefits packages." (Source: Forbes) This means companies are focused more than ever on helping employees to maintain health and well-being throughout their employment experience. Stretching your income can be as simple as taking time to work out in the corporate gym each week, a measure that could save you as much as $5000 a year off the cost of a fitness membership. In addition, health care plans often provide cash incentives for participating in wellness programs and reaching milestones, like weight loss and smoking cessation.


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|Professional Automotive Repair Technical Discussions for January 7, 2010
International Automotive Technicians' Network (iATN) - Members Only
|(Also Available: All, Asian, Chrysler, European, Ford, GM.)
|Vehicle Owners: If you are seeking an automotive repair professional to service your vehicle, visit the iATN Repair Shop Finder.
Open Help Requests for Chrysler
|Help Request
|2003 Chrysler Town & Country LX 3.3L No Start VIN: 2C4GP44333
Please help! Van came in on the hook with all those codes stored. Noticed that there was a cam sensor signal, but no crank signal. And jumping the gun, I decided to replace the crank sensor (cheap @ 20.00). Still no start, watching downstream o2 noticed voltag... Trouble codes: P1193, P0118, P0509, P1598, P0123
|1987 Dodge Ramcharger 5.2L MIL Lamp on VIN: 3B4GW1218H
Customer has just moved here from the East Coast to West Coast here in California. He states that the check engine light has been on for years but I guess back there it is not an issue. Well in California it is and he has to get it smogged. I do not have much ...
|1996 Dodge Ram 1500 5.2L Steering VIN: 1B7HF16Y0T
I'm hoping someone has run across this before. The truck has a 4" suspension lift and 4" body lift. It was done in 2000 and never had a problem until about a year ago. My son let a friend use the truck and he broke the front wheel and studs going off roading. ...
|1997 Dodge B1500 3.9L Starting VIN: 2B7HB11X7V
As you can imagine this truck is driving me insane. Came in with no start. Fuel pressure was good, spark was a little weak, changed everything above. Now I get a random back fire while cranking. Did start in between but with a very very rough idle.I will post ...
|2001 Dodge Ram 2500 5.9L Excessive Emissions, Poor Idle Quality, Hesitation, Stall VIN: 3B7KF26Z41
I need some help with this Dodge.Customer complained of running rough and close to stalling on occasion.Preliminary road test and truck ran fine.I have scanner hooked up to truck and with engine running in shop the only thing I can see on scaner is eratic timi...
|2004 Dodge Ram 1500 SLT 4.7L Excessive Emissions, Stall, Misfire VIN: 1D7HU18N94
got this truck in and customer said it was running great down the freeway and then started loosing power. customer would accelerate and but could not get over 40 to 45 mph. truck would die sometimes but always restarted. runs like crap. has sever engine misfir... Trouble codes: P0300
|2002 Jeep Liberty Limited 3.7L No Start VIN: 1J4GL58K32
Hello Boys & Girls, Originally vehicle was towed in for no crank no start, engine was locked up, found broken valve spring, and valve stuck in pistion. Just installed engine (12-28-09)(reman). Installation went perfect and started on first try. Customer com...
Fixes & Summaries for Chrysler
|2003 Chrysler PT Cruiser 2.4L pcm VIN: 3C4FY48B53
thanks everybody, cam and coil plugs where switched and pcm was blown, but now I have a surge and stall problem. i hate chrysler
|2004 Chrysler Pacifica 3.5L Accessories VIN: 2C8GN684X4
Thanks for the responce. I've been on the phone to the owner of this vechical and findly got them to take it to a nother dealer. No responce haves been recived but the air in the spare was never check and some I have talk to had to have the vechical driven 400...
|1998 Dodge Ram 2500 5.9L not charging VIN: 3B7KF26D5W
Thank you for your help it was the crank shaft position sensor. Thank again Dean
|1996 Jeep Grand Cherokee Laredo 4.0L Stall VIN: 1J4GZ58S8T
REMOVE THROTTLE BODY AND SET BASE IDLE TO 550. PASSED MIN AIRFLOW NOW, STILL WAS GETTING INTERMITTANT STALLING WITH NO CODES SETTING. FOUND GRABBING WIRES AT BACK OF CYL HEAD WOULD INDUCE STALL, FOUND ASD RELAY LOSING GROUND FROM PCM WHEN THIS HAPPENS. RAN GRO... Trouble codes: 420 (cat eff).
|2003 Jeep Liberty Limited 3.7L No Start, Stall VIN: 1J4GL58K43
The vehicle did end up needing the Cam and Crank sensors, but when they went they took out the PCM. So with a replacement PCM and flash the engine runs great. Much appreciation! Trouble codes: P0320 (crank sensor), P1299 (air flow), P0700 (transmission).


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Things To Consider When Searching For An IT Company
You are starting a small to mid range business and have to decide whether to have an in house IT support system or look for an outsourced IT support company.
Choosing an IT support services Sussex company may be far more beneficial to a small to mid range business due to the cost of installing something like this in the business. The costs of installing an IT support company under the one roof can be quite large, plus staff have to be hired and also trained especially if they are not up to scratch.
Maintenance and breakdown issues can become a costly item when dealing with them in a business structure. How much time is taken to fix the problem is also an item that requires attention. The longer it takes to fix a breakdown the more income can be lost.
When dealing with an IT support company this problem is minimised due to the experience of the staff. IT support company staff, are generally highly trained to deal with all types of problems in this industry and are generally experience in what they do. They are most likely to have the problem fix and the business up and running again within a reasonable time.
There are a number of these companies operating and it pays to do research on the benefits of each company to hopefully hire the one that suits your type of business. The monthly costs or whatever plan you decided on is another thing to research. Using an IT support company also means you know the cost of this part of your business at the end of each month.


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* Inflation at 1.8 percent in February, around ECB target
* Lower wage growth, recession add to calls for ECB rate cut
* EU leaders in Brussels try to balance austerity with growth
By Robin Emmott
BRUSSELS, March 15 (Reuters) - Inflation pressures in the euro zone are easing, data showed on Friday, giving governments and central bankers a touch more leeway for stimulus as the region's leaders seek to shift their focus to reviving economic growth.
Modest wage growth and a cooling of food price pressures drove annual euro zone inflation down to 1.8 percent in February, its lowest level since mid-2010, the EU's statistics office said on Friday.
The figure, which confirmed Eurostat's flash estimate from March 1 and was as expected by economists polled by Reuters, is around the European Central Bank's target of below but close to 2 percent.
Combined with only very modest wage increases in the fourth quarter of 2012, the data highlights the weakness of the euro zone economy and will fuel expectations in some quarters that the ECB could cut interest rates this year.
"With inflation set to undershoot the ECB's objective, an interest rate cut appears to be largely constrained by the prospect of an economic recovery in the second half of this year," Citigroup said in a research note on Friday.
But with commercial bank lending in the euro zone still subdued despite base rates being at a record low of 0.75 percent, others are sceptical about the impact of another cut.
Three quarters of economists expect the ECB to leave rates unchanged for the rest of the year, according to a Reuters poll published on Wednesday.
Already in recession in 2012, the euro zone economy is expected to shrink 0.3 percent this year as households and businesses struggle with the fallout of the bloc's public debt crisis and government spending cuts.
Thousands of protesters called on EU leaders, whose two-day summit in Brussels is due to end on Friday, to put an end to the austerity blamed for record unemployment in parts of Europe. ž
"Market pressure on European governments has been replaced by people pressure as a result of austerity and reform fatigue," said Barclays economist Philippe Gudin.
The ECB's role is important because EU leaders are trying to find ways of reviving economic growth while budget discipline remains part of their strategy to overcome the bloc's debt crisis.
"There are no easy answers," European Council President Herman Van Rompuy, who chairs the summit, told a news conference on Thursday night. "The good progress towards structurally balanced budgets must continue," he said.
France and Italy did win support for a slightly more growth-friendly interpretation of European Union budget rules at the summit after French President Francois Hollande challenged German-driven fiscal austerity.
One silver lining in the Mediterranean region is that only very modest wage increases are helping to improve competitiveness after a decade-long boom fuelled by easy credit pushed the euro zone into a false sense of economic wellbeing.
Hourly labour costs in the euro zone rose 1.3 percent overall in the last three months of 2012, compared to the same period in 2011. Wages per hour grew by 1.4 percent.
Those rises were less than half the level of increases in early 2009, at a time when Europeans were giving themselves generous pay hikes, pushing up the cost of labour by 12 percent between 2001 and 2011.
In Spain, hourly labour costs fell 3.4 percent, but Germany recorded a 2.9 percent increase, which bodes well because wealthier consumers in Europe's largest economy could buy more of their neighbours' products.


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Edwards South Gate Stadium 20 & IMAX
Imax Theatre in South Gate, CA USA
Americas Best Value Inn-South Gate/Downey
Hotel in South Gate, CA USA
Currently as low as $99.00/night!
Free Wi-Fi cable TV and free breakfast help our guests get the most from their stay at Americas Best Value Inn in South Gate 15 minutes from downtown Los Angeles. The two-story hotel's 37 rooms come with microwaves clock radios and cable TV. Free Breakfast, Non Smoking Rooms.
Budget Inn Motel
Motel in South Gate, CA USA
Currently as low as $80.00/night!
Featuring free Wi-Fi this motel is 20 minutes' drive from Los Angeles International Airport. All rooms include a cable TV. Free parking is offered on site.Each air-conditioned room offers an en suite bathroom at Budget Inn Motel South Gate. Free Internet, Non Smoking Rooms.
Days Inn & Suites South Gate
Hotel in South Gate, CA USA
Currently as low as $60.38/night!
Free breakfast and comfortable rooms with cable TVs are among the amenities our guests enjoy at GuestHouse Inn & Suites South Gate. Free Internet,Outdoor Pool, Free Breakfast, Non Smoking Rooms.
La Siesta Inn
Hotel in South Gate, CA USA
Currently as low as $88.00/night!
Located within 30 minutes' drive of Marina Del Rey and Venice Beach this Long Beach hotel is only 8 miles from Los Angeles Convention Center. A flat-screen cable TV is available in each room. Free Internet.
Oak Tree Inn Motel
Motel in South Gate, CA USA
Currently as low as $75.00/night!
Oak Tree Inn Motel is in a central location just 30 minutes' drive from Disneyland and 20 minutes' drive from Downtown Los Angeles.Each spacious room here will provide you with air conditioning and cable TV with HBO sports channels and Spanish channels. Non Smoking Rooms.
Rodeway Inn South Gate
Hotel in South Gate, CA USA
Currently as low as $79.00/night!
A handy location near the interstate is one of the main draws at the Rodeway Inn South Gate which has a seasonal outdoor pool and free Wi-Fi local calls and on-site parking.Outdoor Pool, Non Smoking Rooms.
Sands Motel
Motel in South Gate, CA USA
Currently as low as $65.00/night!
This single-level motel is located in South Gate. Free guest parking with spaces in front of guest rooms is available.A satellite TV is provided in each air-conditioned guest room at Sands Motel. Complete with a microwave the dining area also has a refrigerator. Free Internet, Non Smoking Rooms.
Southern Motel
Motel in South Gate, CA USA
Currently as low as $133.94/night!
Just 14 miles from LAX this South Gate motel offers air-conditioned rooms with free Wi-Fi. Free parking is available on site. Los Angeles Convention Center is 21 minutes' drive away.A flat-screen TV is featured in all rooms at Southern Motel. Free Internet.
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Adorable Chocolat
Shediac, New Brunswick
Adorable Chocolate began when Ginette Ahier met fellow chocolatier and food lover, Frederic Desclos. Together they have over 30 years expierence creating delectable eddibles. They take great care with their creations, only using the best of ingredients, right down to their fair trade sourced chocolate.
"International cooking, the mystery of cocoa, and local producers. Those are our main inspiration sources here at Adorable Chocolat. Chocotate being an artistic medium ripe with endless possibilities, our chocolatier creators, intoxicated every day by chocolaty fragrances, passionately prepare a must-taste selection of delectable creations."


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CORAL GABLES, Fla. -- There is a clock in the Miami locker room that is constantly counting down the hours, minutes and seconds until the season-opening Labor Day matchup against Maryland.
It's a fitting addition under this new coaching staff, considering Al Golden's high regard for clock management. After all, time is of the essence at Miami, where championships are expected on an annual basis but haven't been delivered since prior to its joining the ACC in 2004.
"If you look at our calendar, he's probably got things set through 2012," quarterback Jacory Harris said. "The calendar he gave us for spring was done every day, every time, all the way through May. You know what you're going to do at this time. There's nothing that's going to surprise you -- no surprise meetings. The only time anything will probably be a surprise is if he gives us a break."
It's not (all) boot camp. On one Friday during winter conditioning, Golden told the players they only had to lift for 10 minutes.
"We were all like 10 minutes?" Harris said, "But it was the hardest workout ever."
The intensity and demands have increased at Miami, but it's Golden's organizational skills and attention to detail that have made the most immediate, noticeable impact on the program. Those defining characteristics are what he's built his reputation on, how he elevated Temple from no wins to nine wins. Those within the program and longtime observers around Miami agree it's been years since they've seen such a smoothly run operation. The question, of course, is whether or not it will translate into wins, and if so, how quickly.
After all, they're on the clock.
"With this new micromanaging, detail-oriented focus, I think it's going to have huge dividends for this team," senior center Tyler Horn said. "We're not going to miss the big catch. We're not going to miss the block, or not make the tackle. There's so much focus on it, there's no way you can. They're leaving no room for error."
Because the seniors on this roster are so hungry to win, so eager to leave their legacy and live up to the hype the No. 1-ranked recruiting class of 2008 came in with, Golden easily won them over, essentially bypassing one of the most difficult parts of a coaching transition. Golden, who had been a part of staff changes at Boston College, Virginia and Temple, said he's never seen anything like it.
"I've been a part of four of these transitions," Golden said, "and this is by far, the most unique senior group I've been around. Seniors, just by the very nature of a transition, are generally the ones who don't buy in necessarily, tend to reject you because you didn't recruit them. Not only didn't you recruit them, but they were with the other coach for four or five years. This senior group came in with such expectations, I think they have expectations and goals to such extent they feel like they have unfinished business. There's urgency on their part."
And there should be.
The 2008 class enters its final season with a pedestrian 23-16 record that doesn't include any bowl wins or Coastal Division titles.
"When we came here, you come to Miami to win championships, that's the bottom line," Horn said. "When you go three, four years without doing that, it's just kind of like, 'This is my last hoorah. This is the last chance to actually make my time here mean something, leave my legacy here.' We're mature guys. A lot have played as freshmen, sophomores, juniors. We're ready to go. We have the experience. It's a last chance to leave a legacy here."
First, though, they've got to determine a starting lineup.
Golden sent a message to the players with the pre-spring depth chart that featured then-third-string quarterback Spencer Whipple at the top and true freshman Thomas Finnie starting at cornerback.
Yes, Golden said, some players were mad. Some came to his office, seeking an explanation. As long as they followed the chain of command -- position coach, coordinator, head coach -- Golden was more than willing to speak with them. There shouldn't have been any surprises, though. Every Friday, the position rankings -- based on a new point system throughout winter workouts -- were posted.
"Well, some guys were really pissed,'' said running back Lamar Miller, who wasn't upset or surprised by his demotion to third string because of his dedication to the track team this offseason. "But it depends on how you worked in the offseason. Now guys get the idea of what they've got to do in the summer.''
Harris, who was No. 2 on the depth chart, said many of them -- including himself -- needed the competition and chance at a fresh start.
"We see the potential we have on this team," he said. "I can't tell you we've seen it since our freshman year. And for us to have the seasons we had, we've got to find something that's going to change. We feel like a new coaching staff came in and it gives us a whole new start."
Not to mention a whole new schedule.
At a recent practice, the Canes were running four minutes behind. Golden immediately informed offensive coordinator Jedd Fisch he had two fewer minutes for the next drill. Same for the defense. They also can't miss their mandatory two-minute Gatorade break. The players must drink their entire bottle. Golden said part of his regimented schedule stems from the fact that they have to stay on schedule to comply with NCAA rules and get the players to class and study hall on time.
But there's more to it.
"I am obsessed by attention to detail," Golden said. "When players carry the ball in the wrong arm, and we allow that, that is generally conveyed to their coach immediately. I think it's real important to be a smart team, to be a disciplined team. And we weren't that last year. We weren't that last year."
No, they were 117th in the country in penalties and 104th in turnover margin.
The discipline Golden has instilled extends beyond the field. They have a mandatory breakfast together at 7 a.m. every day. No hats inside the football building.
"Now I walk into class and sit down, take my hat off and put it down without even knowing," Harris said. "There are some things like that you just know to do."
Of course, there's also things they're still learning -- like entirely new offensive and defensive schemes.
"C'mon, man!" yelled defensive coordinator Mark D'Onofrio at the second spring practice. "What film were you watching? You gotta get better, man!"
Progress couldn't possibly happen quickly enough for Miami fans.
This staff knows the expectations. All five national championship rings are on display in a glass case in Golden's sprawling office, which is at least 40 percent bigger than what he occupied at Temple.
Temple, this isn't.
Golden and his staff must now beat the likes of Florida State and Ohio State. Not Kent State and Ohio.
"Good. Perfect. That's the way it should be," recruiting coordinator Brennan Carroll said. "That's why I love doing this; because there's high expectations, it gives you the chance to compete at the highest level. I'm so excited to be a part of it. Bring on the expectations."
Including a national title?
"All of the pieces have to be in the right place to get that done, but it's been done here before at different times, different decades," he said. "It can definitely be done again."
Whether or not it can be done on Golden's watch remains to be seen.
Heather Dinich is ESPN.com's ACC football blogger. She can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com. Please also check out the ACC blog.


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The Rockefeller family's crusade against Exxon Mobil is part of a "covert" campaign to give the oil rich family a leg up in emerging markets, according to a report from an environmental legal group.
The Energy and Environment Legal Institute (E&E Legal) published a report Tuesday suggesting that the Rockefeller family has pumped millions of dollars into fringe movements meant to place climate policies at the forefront of nearly every aspect of American politics.
E&E Legal's report, titled The Rockefeller Way: The Family's Covert "Climate Change" Plan, highlights years of the philanthropic efforts by the family to direct policy objectives meant to pad its already bloated wallet.
The group's report includes a video running down John D. Rockefeller's history of dumping money on fledgling charity groups to rebuild his public image.
Their opposition to the very fossil fuel industry that helped them become the wealthiest oil families in U.S. history suggests their inquisition is not what it seems, Craig Richardson, E&E Legal President, told The Daily Caller News Foundation in a press statement.
They are "merely opportunists," he said, who use various social causes to gain "leverage in the economic and public policy arenas" all around the world. It's the "Rockefeller way."
The family uses various funds – including the Rockefeller Family Fund, Rockefeller Brother Fund, and the Rockefeller Foundation – to direct tens of millions of dollars to major green foundations since the 1980s.
Most of their efforts are directed toward creating public policy, the report stated, but they've also been at the forefront of the campaign against Exxon, a descendant of Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company.
The Rockefellers were initially cagey about whether they specifically targeted Exxon but later admitted to going after the company.
Kaiser and Lee Wasserman, the head of RFF, admitted several months ago in The New York Review of Books that the family intended all along to bring down Exxon because of its supposed anti-global warming positions.
They hashed out their campaign against Exxon during two closed door meetings with climate scientists in 2012 and 2016, while floating the idea of using New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman as a possible weapon against the company. The New York Democrat began investigating Exxon in November 205, three years after the first meeting.
The Columbia School of Journalism, which published reports alleging the oil company buried internal reports on climate change, insists the contributions it received from the RFF, as well as the RBF, are independent from its research on climate change.


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Black Mass
Starring: Johnny Depp, Joel Edgerton, Benedict Cumberbatch
Directed By: Scott Cooper
Genre: Drama
In 1970s South Boston, FBI Agent John Connolly (Edgerton) persuades Irish mobster Jimmy "Whitey" Bulger (Depp) to collaborate with the FBI in order to eliminate their common enemy: the Italian mob. The drama tells the story of this unholy alliance, which spiraled out of control, allowing Whitey to evade law enforcement while consolidating his power and becoming one of the most ruthless and dangerous gangsters in Boston history.
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Relatives at 10,000 miles can be quite supportive, at 20,000 miles they become fond memories, and if you have rellies on Pluto they become almost God-like, any closer than these examples given here and you are in deep doo-doo.
The function of a relative is to show you how hopeless you are, and they serve to teach you Einstein's lessons of space and time, which you know were called the Laws of Relativity. Einstein knew all about this "relative" problem.
The trick is to give yourself enough time to create enough space. Stuart Wilde
© 2012 — Stuart Wilde.
www.stuartwilde.com — All rights reserved.
Joy – Falling in Love with Life by Stuart Wilde


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The Centre has scrapped more than 3.5 crore bogus or duplicate LPG (cooking gas supplied in cylinders) connections. This has saved a subsidy outgo of Rs 21,264 crore in the last years to the Central government.
Each registered LPG consumer is eligible for 12 subsidised cylinders in a year after which refills are supplied at market price. According to officials the government is expected to save Rs. 6,443 crore as a subsidy for the year 2015-16.


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Hi everyone!
We'd like to announce the new Wind and Water: Puzzle Battles video review by Gagaman (thanks!) from the Dreamcast Junkyard:
The review looks great and explains much of the many complex modes and details inside the game.
Also, redspotgames has announced a huge price reduction on shipping costs to Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, head to the resdpotgames website for more information about purchasing the game and supporting independent games!


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GraphicRiver Summer Music Facebook Timeline Covers 12189393
Category: Web Element | Comment: ( 0 )
GraphicRiver Summer Music Facebook Timeline Covers 12189393
Web Element \ Social Media \ Facebook Timeline Covers
Party \ Music \ Live \ Pool \ Profile \ Timeline \ Techno \ Summer \ Grunge \ Festival
Web Element - Summer Music Facebook Timeline Covers 12189393 by ConectoStudio @ GraphicRiver
Web Element \ Social Media \ Facebook Timeline Covers
High Resolution: No; Layered: Yes; Graphics Files Included: Photoshop PSD; Minimum Adobe CS Version: CS3; Pixel Dimensions: 850x315.
Facebook Timeline Covers – Summer Music
Promote your Summer Event on Facebook with this Timeline Covers Set. Ready for Live Music, Summer Festivals, or Chill Out Clubs
- You Get 2 Psd Files
- Well Organized Layers
- Simple to Customize with Smart Objects
- Text, Colors & Shapes are Fully Editable
- Quick Photo Replacement with just One Click
- 2 Colors Variation Included
- Recommended size 850px x 315px for optimum quality in your Facebook
- Free fonts download links included in the "Help" file
Important Informations
NOTE! Photos in the preview image are used for display purposes and are NOT included
Thanks for Watching!
Twitter Profile Covers - Corporate Leadership; Facebook Timeline Covers - Corporate Leadership; Facebook Timeline Cover - Corporate Multipurpose; Twitter Profile Covers - Minimal Corporate; Fashion Sales Banners; Twitter Profile Cover - Colored Multipurpose; Facebook Timeline Cover - Minimal Corporate.
Keywords: beach, brush, chill out, club, covers, dj, event, facebook, festival, grunge, live music, party, pool, profile, summer, techno, timeline.


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2-Piece Blind Spot Mirror
Attaches to outside mirror to help prevent blind spots.
Where to buy
- $3.13
- $4.69
Find the best deal for 2-Piece Blind Spot Mirror sorting the prices, lowest to higest and/or higest to lowest. Chose the store before you read the seller ratings. The merchants are responsible for providing GoShopping.com with correct and current prices. Although we make every effort to present accurate information, we are not responsible for inaccuracies.
Technical Details


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Grizzly Bear released a new song from their forthcoming fifth album, Painted Ruins. The upbeat pop-rock song "Mourning Sound" has the steady bass build of a U2 song and singer Ed Droste's voice in the first verses sounds eerily (and wonderfully) Bono-esque.
The Chris Taylor-produced Painted Ruins is set for release on August 18th.
Grizzly Bear also announced their first tour in four years. The 26-date trek, which spans North American and Europe, launches October 5th in Dublin and concludes December 13th in L.A., Pitchfork reports.The indie-rock band last toured behind their fourth LP, 2012's Shields, though they did perform in 2016 at a rally supporting Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders' presidential campaign.
In April 2015, Droste told Rolling Stone that the band was "feeling more adventurous with the sonic directions" of their new material. "[We're] changing it up a little bit – not like, a techno dance album," he said. "It's in the beginning stages. Only a couple songs have started to take shape and it's gotta be like, a good dozen or so before we get the picture."
Painted Ruins Track List
1. "Wasted Acres"
2. "Mourning Sound"
3. "Four Cypresses"
4. "Three Rings"
5. "Losing All Sense"
6. "Aquarian"
7. "Cut-Out"
8. "Glass Hillside"
9. "Neighbors"
10. "Systole"
11. "Sky Took Hold"
Topics: Grizzly Bear


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Roopkund Trek has narrow and curvy roads that cross from one slope of the mountain to other. While crossing the mountain, you can witness amazing views of the valley. Didna Village is the second destination. It is very difficult to reach there as it is located at the height. You have to cross mixed forest to reach there. Then you will come to Ali Bugyal. Surrounded by mountains, this is the perfect place for taking some amazing photographs. Ghora Latoni is the next destination, which is 3 km far from Ali Bugyal. This walk is an easy walk. Situated on the plain, Ghora Latoni is the best place for campsite. From there, you will reach Bhagwabasa. Trail going to Bhagwabasa is very crisscross and moves uphill towards the mountain. Roopkund is the last destination of the trek. It is 5 km far from Bhagwabasa, and the trail is very ascending and steady. Witnessing the lake after so much exertion is the life time experience. After spending some unforgettable moments, you can come back to your base camp by reversing your trek.
Reasons why you should go for Roopkund Trek
1.Ideal for Beginners
Do the trek if you are a beginner and still want to experience high altitude. And make no mistake. Roopkund is a very high altitude trek. It climbs to 15,700 feet, which is higher than Mt Blanc, Europe's highest summit! There are very few trails in our country that are as safe for beginners as the Roopkund trail is and yet climb to such a high altitude.
The trail is wide and well-laid-out. There is no chance to get lost or lose your way. Frankly, you don't even need to take a guide on this trek if you follow the Roopkund blog. A guide comes in handy only when you have to traverse the snow patches on your final climb to Roopkund.
The Roopkund trek is too much of a good thing for a beginner. The trekker gets such a complete package on this trek – that they often start comparing all treks with the Roopkund trek. Unfortunately, not all treks are as grand as the Roopkund trek.
2. Trishul
here are many unique things about the Roopkund trek. For example, the twin meadows of Ali Bugyal and Bedni Bugyal are the largest high altitude meadows in our country. On your trek, you are going to be in the meadows for two and a half days – a fact that is missed by most. Two and a half days spent in meadows is a lot of time and unique to any trek in our country. Each of those hours spent in the meadows is going to be a treasured moment of your life for many years to come.
3. Climb to Roopkund
Again, not all treks present such a magnificent adventure on snow as the Roopkund trek does on its final climb to Roopkund. The setting is truly alpine and the thrill, high. Few who get a chance to climb to Junargali find the experience so moving that they break down in tears.
If you're looking for adventurous activities near Uttarakhand then Roopkund trek might be a worth a choice. Go for the Roopkund trek and enjoy the fun and adventure. Cost for Roopkund Trek – Himalayas starts around just ₹ 11445 per person. It will absolutely be a good adventure weekend getaway from Delhi.


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House road funding plan more popular than Senate version
By Shelby Mullis
INDIANAPOLIS — Several Hoosier lobbyists took advantage of what may have been their last chance to voice their support and concerns with the state's proposed road funding plan Monday.
Significant gaps remain between the Senate and House versions of the 10-year plan to upgrade the state's highways and infrastructure. They have two weeks to sort out the differences and send a final proposal to the governor's office.
"I think we have more in common than we do apart," said Sen. Luke Kenley, R-Noblesville. "We're going to have to double our efforts and work together to really hit home."
The House version of House Bill 1002 proved to be more popular among most witnesses Monday. The $1.2 billion plan calls for Hoosiers to pay an additional 10 cents per gallon in gas taxes, $15 more to register vehicles and a new $150 fee for electric-powered vehicles. The bill would also shift all sales tax on gasoline purchases to fund the state's roads.
Both the shift of the gasoline sales tax and the rise in the gas tax would take effect immediately.
Meanwhile, the nearly $700 million Senate version would phase in the 10-cent increase in the gasoline tax over two years. It also encourages discussion of potential toll roads and user fees such as a $5 tire fee and a $100 commercial license plate fee. The House calls for a study to determine whether some roads should be tolled.
Indianapolis business owner John Thompson favors the House version. Thompson owns four companies in the state and invests in several others, and with more than 25 vehicles on the road, he called himself a significant user of the state's highways.
"I'm very happy to pay all user fees and taxes. I would like to see those user fees and taxes go to road maintenance and improvement. I will tell you it will create jobs, it'll maintain jobs," Thompson said. "I'm very, very happy to pay my fair share if it's going to the roads."
While Thompson said he supports the House version, he also likes the language added in the Senate version that would require owners of hybrid vehicles to pay a fee for every 75 hours of highway travel.
Several local officials said they were against the Senate version, which would cut funding for local roads by more than two-thirds from the House version.
Fishers Mayor Scott Fadness, representing Aim, or Accelerate Indiana Municipalities, said the House version reflects the need of local roads and the Senate version didn't. Sen. Karen Tallian, D-Portage, said she agreed that the Senate version lacks funding for local highway needs.
"We need to see that yes, it may cost more money to do Interstate-65 or I-70, but there's still a lot of local roads that have more needs and less ability to come up with the money themselves," Tallian said, referring to local municipalities.
Aim CEO Matt Greller said in a statement that an independent study commissioned by the General Assembly found that local governments need $775 million annually over the next 10 years to bring local roads to a fair condition.
But not everyone supported the House version.
Justin Stevens of Americans for Prosperity urged lawmakers to consider that the money for highway funding would come from average Hoosier taxpayers.
He said that by increasing the gasoline tax, the bill would offset what he called the "largest tax cut in state history," which passed four years ago.
Both Senate and House Republican and Democratic lawmakers will continue negotiating road-funding details until the legislative session ends later this month.
Shelby Mullis is a reporter for TheStatehouseFile.com, a news website powered by Franklin College journalism students.


text: On 8/30/2010 7:14 AM, Paul Rubin wrote: > example, tkinter has been part of the stdlib for at least a decade but > is totally undocumented in the Python library manual. I have trouble equating 'totally undocumented' to about 400 lines + 200 for tix + 600 for ttk ;-). Yes, 400, while more than most modules get, is inadequate as a complete reference. But no one has volunteered to reproduce the material available elsewhere. I am not sure that that is the highest priority for doc improvement yet. You are welcome to have a go at expanding the tkinter page. -- Terry Jan Reedy


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NEW YORK, Sept 20 (Bernama) -- Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi has expressed shock over the military coup in Thailand, and hoped the country would soon be ruled by a democratically-elected government.
"I am really shocked, I didn't expect a coup would have taken place in Thailand," was the Malaysian prime minister's reaction when asked about the coup at a press conference Tuesday attended by Malaysian journalists covering his working visit to New York for the 61st United Nations General Assembly here.
Noting that resorting to such a means to change any government would not go down well with many people, he said that an election would be a better proposition.
Nevertheless, Abdullah pointed out that those responsible in the Thai coup had mentioned that democracy would return as soon as possible.
"That is an acknowledgement that we hope can be implemented as soon as possible, and if possible, an election that has been planned can be carried out at an appropriate time," he said.
Thailand's Army Commander-in-Chief Gen Sonthi Boonyaratglin staged a coup d'etat in the Thai capital, with Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra away in New York to attend the General Assembly.
Sonthi declared over army radio that Thaksin had been overthrown by the "Democratic Reform Council" because there was a need to control the political crisis for the benefit of the country.
"We want this to happen peacefully and we will return democracy as soon as possible," the announcement said.
Abdullah said he had intended to meet Thaksin to find out more about what had happened, but this did not materialise as he (Abdullah) was too busy with his programme in New York.
The prime minister said currently there was no advisory asking Malaysians not to visit Thailand.
"We will monitor the situation in Thailand," he said, advising Malaysians to closely monitor the latest situation in the neighbouring country in the print and electronic media.
Nevertheless, he said Malaysians should consider deferring their visit to Thailand if martial law or curfew was declared in that country.
"If there is chaos, then don't go. But if the situation is under control and if the authorities have assured businessmen, for example, or anyone at all that they can go, then it should not be a problem."
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Ajax grid performance in IE
Generating a grid (table) view from the results of an Ajax call is a common Web 2.0 use case. But performance can be an issue, especially on IE7.
Let's look at an example without the actual Ajax part; just generating a table and inserting it into the DOM. Here is a naive implementation:

Results:
- Firefox - 1660ms
- Chrome - 446ms
- IE7 - 6906ms
Constructing the table with via the DOM is fairly slow, especially on IE. This is well documented at quirksmode. So, let's try an innerHTML implementation:
function populate() { var tableHtmlArr = ["
"]; for (var row = 0; row < MAX_ROWS; row++) { tableHtmlArr.push("
"); for (var col = 0; col < MAX_COLS; col++) tableHtmlArr.push("" + row + ":" + col + "	"); tableHtmlArr.push("
"); } tableHtmlArr.push("
"); $("grid").innerHTML = tableHtmlArr.join(""); }Results:
- Firefox - 315ms
- Chrome - 108ms
- IE7 - 360ms
So far so good. IE7 is actually pretty fast at concatenating all this HTML and displaying it. IE8beta2 is even better. So, why is this post titled "Ajax grid performance in IE"?
Let's try one more test. What if we insert more layout elements into the grid? In this implementation, I have just wrapped each cell in five nested DIVs. (This is an extreme example, but it's not hard to imagine some rich formatting in those cells.)
for (var col = 0; col < MAX_COLS; col++) tableHtmlArr.push("

" + row + ":" + col + "

	");Results:
- Firefox - 540ms
- Chrome - 272ms
- IE7 - 2734ms
As you can see, the performance in IE7 degrades dramatically as the complexity of the HTML increases. If you put a timer before the innerHTML setter, you will see that the time increase to that point is negligible. It's actually not a javascript performance problem at all; it's DOM insertion performance!
The IE8 team has actually blogged about this. They estimate that fully 70% of the browser cycles are dedicated to either "Layout" or "Rendering" on real world applications.
Even worse, it's not getting better on IE8. This test actually gets slower on IE8beta2. My hypothesis is that all the work they are doing to increase their Acid2 score (while maintaining a backwards compatibility mode) is actually slowing down their rendering performance.


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Radio 1 DJ Dave Lee Travis has been convicted of indecent assault by a jury at Southwark Crown Court.
The ex-Top of the Pops presenter was cleared on a second charge of the same offence following a trial at London's Southwark Crown Court.
The jury were unable to agree a verdict on another charge of sexual assault and were discharged.
Travis, 69, who became a household name in the 1970s, had faced a retrial after jurors failed to reach verdicts on two of the charges earlier this year.
Prosecutors had claimed the ex-Top Of The Pops presenter was an "opportunist" who acted as if he had the "perfect right" to grope young women.
He was accused of two counts of indecent assault and one of sexual assault, with the allegations dating back to the 1990s when he was starring in panto, while the most recent was said to have happened during an interview with a journalist at his home in 2008.
Wearing dark grey trousers and a light grey blazer, Travis stared straight ahead with a stony expression and held his hands in front of him as the verdicts were read out.
He glanced over his shoulder to his wife Marianne, who sat at the back of court, before sitting down.
The jury of six men and six women came to their verdicts after 19 hours and 15 minutes.
Prosecutor Teresa Hay told the court that the Crown would not be seeking a retrial on the count of sexual assault which the jury was hung on, and a formal verdict of not guilty was entered.
The forewoman told the court the jury had found Travis guilty of a single count of indecent assault by a majority of 10 to two.
Judge Anthony Leonard QC warned the former radio star that he was looking at "all options" when he considered his sentence.
Sophie Wood, defending, told the judge they would be asking for Travis to be given a non custodial community order sentence.
She said: "It is the defence position that we will seek to persuade your honour that this is a community order penalty. That is where we submit it fits.
"It's the defence position that a pre-sentence report would assist."
Judge Leonard said "all options remain open", including jail.
Travis left the courtroom accompanied by his wife Marianne, who put a protective arm around her husband's back as he left.
He declined to comment on the verdict, saying: "I'm not speaking to anybody right this moment."
With his quirky catchphrases and over-the-top personality, Travis came to personify Radio 1 in its heyday when it pulled in massive audiences and its DJs were almost as famous as the artists whose records they played.
DLT - real name David Patrick Griffin - learned his trade in clubs and on pirate radio as well as a stint touring the United States with Herman's Hermits before joining the BBC in the late 1960s.
Dubbed the Hairy Cornflake as a result of the hirsute presenter's stint on the Radio 1 breakfast show, he was a fixture on the station for more than two decades and a regular on Top Of The Pops (TOTP).
The larger-than-life star, who drove a yellow pontiac he called the Flying Banana, even had a hit single of his own when his version of the trucking song Convoy GB, attributed to Laurie Lingo And The Dipsticks, was a top five hit in 1976.
It was a parody of CW McCall's hit which had been in the charts just weeks earlier and saw him guesting on TOTP himself, dressed as a superhero with his face covered.
But by the early 1990s, audiences for Radio 1 were falling and plans to bring in a new generation of DJs - who would bring a new generation of listeners with them - were under way, with controller Matthew Bannister wielding the axe for many familiar voices thought to be out of step with the plan to appeal to younger audiences.
Travis, complete with his ''quack, quack, oops'' catchphrase and gimmicks including the snooker on the radio game, was seen as old-fashioned and was being parodied on a weekly basis by Harry Enfield with his Smashie and Nicey characters.
The characters, which lampooned Travis as "BLT - the Hairy Sandwich", reflected the view that Radio 1 and its veteran presenters were falling behind the times.
DLT jumped before he was pushed when he famously quit Radio 1 live on air in 1993, telling listeners that ''changes are being made here that go against my principles and I just cannot agree with them''.
He kept working, with stints on stations including Classic Gold, Garrison Radio and Spectrum FM, but did not leave the BBC entirely.
His programme A Jolly Good Show stayed on the World Service until 2001 and in 2011 an unlikely fan emerged in the shape of Burmese pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi.
She told the Radio Times that the request show helped make her ''world much more complete'' when she listened to it during her years under house arrest.
The DJ was even introduced to the campaigning politician when she visited Broadcasting House in 2012.
Along with his love of broadcasting, Travis has also spoken of his passion for photography.
He was awarded a fellowship of the British Institute of Professional Photographers and is an associate of the Royal Photographic Society with a book of his work published.
Titled A Bit Of A Star, Media Women... Their Fine Points And Phobias As Photographed By Dave Lee Travis, the book features celebrities such as Joanna Lumley, Kim Wilde and Jenny Agutter in a variety of quirky costumes and poses.
Travis previously told jurors he had taken a series of photographs designed to ''halt people in their tracks'' where stars were asked to tell him something about themselves they either liked particularly or disliked.
In his private life, Travis married Swedish girlfriend Marianne in 1971.
The couple reared pigs and chickens in the home counties, with Marianne often accompanying Travis to his guest appearances and DJ slots.
Although happily married, during his first trial Travis admitted that he had given in to ''temptation'' more than once during his career, as he enjoyed the celebrity status being a Radio 1 DJ afforded him.
During his two trials, both defence and prosecution witnesses alike described the 6ft 1in-tall defendant as a "gentle giant" and ''larger than life'' character who enjoyed giving bear hugs to all he met.
When asked to describe himself during the first case, he told jurors to much amusement: ''I have never said, in my life, that I am a sex symbol. No, I am a big, hairy, cuddly bear.''
Jurors heard that Travis's career dramatically ground to a halt when he was arrested in October 2012, with his defence barrister Stephen Vullo QC saying the former star was "finished" and his reputation "totally ruined".
He has also faced financial ruin and sold his house in order to pay private investigators to help in his defence case.
Mr Vullo said the fact that Travis had been investigated by officers from Operation Yewtree - the inquiry set up in the wake of the Jimmy Savile scandal - had put him under a "massive intrusive microscope".
"Anybody that's ever had anything against him at all has really had the opportunity in the last two years to tell Operation Yewtree all about it," he added.


text:
A bird flies as sun is partially eclipsed in Sidon, southern Lebanon.
Men from the Rendile tribe observe a rare solar eclipse in the Sibiloi national Park in Turkana, Kenya. Astronomy enthusiasts caught a partial glimpse of a rare "Hybrid Total Eclipse" which hasn't been witnessed in Africa for over 40 years.
The coffin of Poland's first non-communist prime minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki is seen covered with a Polish national flag during his funeral at St. John's Archcathedral in Warsaw.
Syrian refugees try to grab food in a park, in Istanbul, Turkey.
Daha fazla


text:
Whatsis the past history of Diplomatic Immunity?
- print Print
- list Cite
Diplomatic immunity dates back to ancient times, although it was only codified as an element of international law by the Geneva Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961. The Romans, ancient India, even the Mongols practiced diplomatic immunity. The Mongols in particular took terrible revenge on those who were so vile as to "shoot the messenger." The immunity of the diplomat was considered an expression of honor to the sovereign whom he represented. To deny him immunity was to dishonor his sovereign.
During the early modern age, diplomats were quite often not hired professionals but might be relatives of the sovereign whom they represented. Even in the event of war, it was commonly accepted that war was between nations, not the individuals, and there was therefore nothing to be gained by refusing to extend courtesies to the person representing the foreign government. As early as 1709, the British Parliament passed acts guaranteeing immunity for foreign representatives.


text:
Forget the "T-Paw vs. Hee-Haw" fracas that was kicked up by Bill Kristol, in his attack on Haley Barbour. As Minnesota Public Radio has reported, Tim Pawlenty might be going country, too.
As MPR points out, the lifelong Minnesotan Pawlenty appears to have adopted something of a Southern drawl, at least during certain points in his speeches out of state:
Asked about it after a speech last weekend in New Hampshire, Pawlenty said he sometimes doesn't "use the exact king's English." But he added that he's not adopting an accent to project a folksy image.
We contacted Pawlenty's PAC for further comment, but have not received a response.
Listen to the report here:


text: The recent budget passed by Congress and signed by POTUS has changed the HOS rules, again! Guess we will not have to wait 7 days from the beginning of our last restart to use another restart period. No limit on amount of restarts used weekly and no requirement that we be off twice during the restart period(32 hours) between 1 and 5am. This may change again, depending on a report that must be completed before the end of 2015 detailing the effectiveness of the new rules. http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/hours-service/hours-service-drivers In advance I apologize if this information has already been posted.


text:
Construction Paper
Cardboard template
½ Paper plate (no styrofoam)
You have the best ideas, so creative! My son and DIL are here now. Surprised me! I was expecting them next weekend. I havent seen them since we flew out to CA to see them before he left to go to Iraq, so I am having a GREAT weekend and hope you are too!!!ReplyDelete
Enjoy your family! Thanks, as always, for stopping in!ReplyDelete
By the time I find my camera and turn it on, it's too late!ReplyDelete
He. He. I know what you mean. Praying my memory holds out through the years!ReplyDelete
Hello lovely blog!
Just want to leave a note to tell you that Mzuribeads is an ethical business who have been individually hand rolling recycled paper beads in the village of Ndejje in Uganda for over two years. I would like everyone interested in fair trade beads, or the art of rolling paper beads to visit our website, where you can locate a stockist near you or goto our online shop to buy our loose paper beads and paper bead jewellery. http://www.mzuribeads.com Thank you.


text: Working with The Crunch initiative from Wellcome Trust, Coan & Zorn created a series of short animations to bring to life an online quiz developed to draw attention to food awareness. The quiz asked a series of questions based on the 'Which came first, the chicken or the egg?' premise. For example, which came first…'The first domesticated chicken, or the first produced wine?'…the answer…the first domesticated chicken. Or, which came first…'The first chicken bred for eating, or the first chicken bred for fighting?'…the answer….surprisingly, the first chicken bred for fighting. The short animations correspond with each correct answer, integrating seamlessly into the web page.


text:
SCoPE is proud to be an exclusive partner with the National School Public Relations Association (NSPRA).
Based in Rockville, MD, NSPRA is a non-profit professional association providing school communication training and services to school leaders throughout the United States, Canada and the U.S. Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) Schools worldwide. Dedicated to advancing education through responsible communication, NSPRA programs include a highly-acclaimed National Seminar, webinars, toolkits, books, research papers, timely and topic-focused newsletters and publications, communication audits and crisis counseling and support.
Through the SCoPE partnership, NSPRA adds a quantitative communication evaluation tool to its offerings, for which NSPRA members receive a discounted rate. Jointly, SCoPE and NSPRA will use the centralized and standardized quantitative measure to inform and improve the practice of school communications across the country.
For additional information on the SCoPE program for NSPRA members, contact email@example.com or call 844-322-8675


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One of the features that really gets the Nokia phones to shine is the possibility to show the clock on the phone even if the phone is "off". This feature has been available for long long on their older Nokia phones, but now it has also come to Lumia.
Nokia Glance Screen returns with the Lumia Amber update. With the Glance Screen, your Lumia doubles as a clock with day and night modes while keeping you up to speed on your battery status. (Glance Screen is not available for Lumia 520)
But this feature is not enabled by default. You need to enable it yourself. Go to Settings and display+touch. There you find the option to turn it on under the glance section.


text:
By: Shaun Fluker
PDF Version: The Application of stare decisis in Administrative Decision-Making
Case Commented On: Altus Group v Calgary (City), 2015 ABCA 86
In Altus Group v Calgary (City), 2015 ABCA 86, the Alberta Court of Appeal confronts the application of stare decisis to administrative tribunal decision-making. Some would say it is a truism that statutory decision-makers are not bound by precedent given the fact-intensive and policy-laden nature of their work, and that most tribunal members have little or no substantive legal training. Jurists of Diceyan thought have surely held this position and indeed typically point to the very absence of stare decisis in administrative law to bolster their suspicion of and disregard for statutory decision-making and to justify the need for intrusive judicial scrutiny. In modern times, a tribunal seeking to downplay arguments based on precedent might be expected to respond along the lines of "[w]hile our earlier decisions may be relevant and even persuasive in this case, we are not bound by these previous rulings." But on the other hand, many administrative law practitioners have no doubt appeared before a tribunal who references its earlier decisions and the need for consistency to support a particular ruling. Perhaps all we can say for sure is that the application of stare decisis to administrative decision-making is a tricky business.
The need for consistency in administrative decisions is starting to gain some traction in Canadian administrative law at the expense of the traditional rule that a statutory tribunal is not bound by its prior decisions. In particular, this issue has arisen in the context of statutory interpretation by administrative decision-makers. I raised this point earlier in Some Thoughts on the Presumption of Deference under the Dunsmuir Framework in Substantive Judicial Review wherein I questioned the ruling in Alberta Treasury Branches v Alberta Union of Provincial Employees, 2014 ABQB 737, that it was lawful for a statutory decision-maker to completely depart from an earlier interpretation of provincial legislation.
In Altus Group the Court of Appeal has ruled that while an administrative tribunal is not bound by its previous decisions and is free to adopt any reasonable interpretation of its home legislation in a matter before it, previous interpretations given to that legislation will have some bearing on the reasonableness of the tribunal's interpretation in a current matter (at paras 16 – 31). Whether this decision is helpful in clarifying the application of stare decisis in administrative decision-making is open to question. It seems to me while the Court begins by asserting that stare decisis is not applicable to an administrative decision-maker, in the end the Court rules that stare decisis does apply to how an administrative decision-maker interprets its home legislation. And since the vast majority of administrative decisions involve some measure of statutory interpretation, this decision is arguably a significant change from the traditional rule.
The Court observes that little attention has been paid to conflicting statutory interpretations given by administrative tribunals and the need for consistency in statutory decision-making (at para 19). The issue is commonly understood as arising from the conflict between two fundamental norms in public law: (1) the separation of powers doctrine that calls on the judiciary to respect the intention of the legislative branch to empower an administrative tribunal to make legal determinations within its specialized area; and (2) the rule of law that abhors arbitrary decision-making by public officials and calls for similar treatment in legal determinations.
The leading authority on this topic is the Supreme Court of Canada's 1993 decision in Domtar Inc v Quebec, [1993] 2 SCR 756, 1993canlii106, which ruled that conflicting interpretations by an administrative tribunal of its home legislation does not constitute an independent basis for judicial review. Madam Justice L'Heureux Dubé held that allowing the superior courts to resolve conflicting administrative decisions would inevitably thwart the intention of the legislature to empower administrative decision-making to make legal determinations within its specialization, as jurisprudential conflicts would develop over time in mature administrative regimes and eventually demand intrusive judicial review. The Court stated that any conflicts within administrative law that are truly offside the rule of law should be remedied with legislative action (Domtar at 794-800). We might say this decision asserts the norm of curial deference over the rule of law.
This line of authority can be seen in the more recent iterations by the Supreme Court on applying the reasonableness standard to review the interpretation given by an administrative tribunal to its home legislation. Perhaps the most striking illustration of this is the Supreme Court's 2013 decision in McLean v British Columbia (Securities Commission), 2013 SCC 67. This case involved a dispute over the interpretation of a provision in the Securities Act, RSBC 1996, c 418, given by the British Columbia Securities Commission. In upholding the interpretation provided by the statutory agency, Justice Moldaver stated that there may be competing lawful interpretations of the same legislative provision (at paras 40, 41, emphasis by the Court):
The bottom line here, then, is that the Commission holds the interpretative upper hand: under reasonableness review, we defer to any reasonable interpretation adopted by an administrative decision maker, even if other reasonable interpretations may exist. Because the legislature charged the administrative decision maker rather than the courts with "administer[ing] and apply[ing]" its home statute (Pezim, at p. 596), it is the decision maker, first and foremost, that has the discretion to resolve a statutory uncertainty by adopting any interpretation that the statutory language can reasonably bear. Judicial deference in such instances is itself a principle of modern statutory interpretation.
Accordingly, the appellant's burden here is not only to show that her competing interpretation is reasonable, but also that the Commission's interpretation is unreasonable. And that she has not done. Here, the Commission, with the benefit of its expertise, chose the interpretation it did. And because that interpretation has not been shown to be an unreasonable one, there is no basis for us to interfere on judicial review — even in the face of a competing reasonable interpretation.
Justice Moldaver applied the modern principle of statutory interpretation to conclude that the interpretations put forward by the Appellant and the Commission were both reasonable given the applicable facts and law, and that the principle of curial deference required the Court to uphold the interpretation given by the Commission rather than adopt the interpretation put forward by the Appellant.
The question more particularly at issue in this post would be whether the Commission is then able to adopt the Appellant's competing interpretation of the Securities Act in a subsequent proceeding on similar facts? Is it still the case that the curial deference espoused by Justice Moldaver requires the reviewing court to respect this choice by the Commission as well? One argument would surely be that since both interpretations were seen as reasonable by the Court in the Mclean case, curial deference (and arguably stare decisis itself) requires that both interpretations remain reasonable in any subsequent proceedings. However the rising line of authority that calls for consistency in legal determinations suggests otherwise.
Canadian courts have supported the need for consistency in administrative decision-making on many occasions. The Supreme Court of Canada relied on the need for consistency when it qualified the rule of natural justice that "she who hears decides" by acknowledging the legitimacy of institutional consultations within an administrative agency on specific cases to ensure individual adjudicators or panels of that agency render consistent findings on substantively important topics within their regulatory area (IWA v Consolidated Bathurst, [1990] 1 SCR 282, 1990 Canlii 132). More recently in Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada, Local 30 v Irving Pulp & Paper, 2013 SCC 34 , Justices Moldaver and Rothstein (in dissent) speak of the need for statutory decision-makers to consider prior rulings in their field. Irving Pulp& Paper involved the review of an arbitration decision on a labour grievance dispute concerning random drug testing in the workplace, and Justices Moldaver and Rothstein remarked (at paras 77, 78):
Thus no arbitral board is an island unto itself. As it is with the common law, which matures with the benefit of experience acquired one case at a time, so it is with the arbitral jurisprudence. Indeed, in this case, the arbitral board cited multiple prior arbitral awards for the proposition that Mr. Day had a right to privacy in his workplace . . .
Respect for prior arbitral decisions is not simply a nicety to be observed when convenient. On the contrary, where arbitral consensus exists, it raises a presumption – for the parties, labour arbitrators, and the courts – that subsequent arbitral decisions will follow those precedents. Consistent rules and decisions are fundamental to the rule of law.
This decision and others in this camp assert the rule of law over curial deference. The significance here is that once an administrative tribunal has adopted a particular interpretation of its governing legislation which is found to be reasonable by a reviewing court, the tribunal is no longer free to adopt another interpretation – arguably contrary to what the Supreme Court of Canada suggested in McLean. The scope of what amounts to a reasonable decision under the presumption of deference is significantly narrowed once a statutory tribunal has established a body of decisions in its area.
The Irving Pulp & Paper decision also illustrates some of the difficulty faced by a reviewing court when it digs into the jurisprudence of an administrative decision-maker. Just how far should a reviewing court dig? In assessing the reasonableness of the board's decision in Irving Pulp & Paper, the majority of the Court found the arbitration board had given careful attention to the consensus of prior arbitral awards in balancing workplace safety and employee privacy (at paras 29-42). In contrast, the dissenting justices held the board departed from that consensus because it held the employer in this case to a higher evidentiary burden without any explanation, and that accordingly its decision was unreasonable because it departed from the jurisprudence without explanation (at paras 98-111). Arguably the Irving Pulp & Paper dissent is exactly the sort of intrusive review – guised as deference – that Justice L'Heureux Dubé cautioned against in Domtar.
In Altus Group the Court of Appeal gives likewise gives emphasis to the need for consistency in administrative decision-making over curial deference, noting it is difficult to conceive of meaningful legislation that allows for competing, reasonable interpretations (at paras 23-30). The Court concludes:
[W]hile an administrative decision-maker is unconstrained by the principles of stare decisis and is free to accept any reasonable interpretation of the applicable legislation, the reasonableness standard does not shield directly conflicting decisions from review by an appellant court. In assessing the reasonableness of statutory interpretation by the administrative tribunal, the appellant court should have regard to previous precedent supporting a conflicting interpretation and consider whether both interpretations can reasonably stand together under principles of statutory interpretation and the rule of law. (at para 31, emphasis mine)
Query whether a reviewing court can insist on consistency in administrative decision-making, while remaining true to the principle of curial deference called for under the reasonableness standard in Canadian administrative law? We can begin to see why the application of stare decisis to administrative tribunal decision-making is a fundamental problem for Canadian administrative law. Administrative decisions by their very nature usually involve statutory interpretation. As John Willis persuasively observed almost a century ago, the nature of legislative drafting is such that in cases where parties are willing to spend money to argue their case on a statutory provision you can be sure there are at least two compelling interpretations of that provision (John Willis, "Statutory Interpretation in a Nutshell" (1938), 16 Can Bar Rev 1). Thus most administrative decisions will require a statutory tribunal to choose between reasonable, competing interpretations of its governing legislation. How is it then possible to both defer to the interpretation given by a statutory tribunal and also insist on consistency in those interpretations? The real answer is that it is not possible to reconcile these public law norms in the case of statutory interpretation by administrative tribunals. Any attempt to reconcile will either be an application of correctness under the guise of reasonableness or some fudging on whether there is more than one reasonable interpretation of the statutory provision in question.
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