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It's being called a 'triple whammy' for the UK nuclear industry. And with what's on the horizon - it's beginning to look more like a quadruple or quintuple whammy.First, local representatives in Cumbria in the north of the country rejected plans to build a deep geological storage facility for nuclear waste on the doorstep of the beautiful Lake District national park. There are no other candidate sites, putting plans for the long-term storage of highly dangerous nuclear waste in the UK into disarray.Then it was announced that the cost of decommissioning and clean up at the Sellafield nuclear facility – also in Cumbria – is currently running at 67.5 billion pounds. That's not the final figure. The bill is growing fast and nobody has any idea what the size of the final bill will be. As with anything nuclear, don't believe any estimates from the industry itself.This was swiftly followed by the news that Centrica, the last major UK company involved in plans to build new nuclear reactors in the country, was pulling out because "the anticipated project costs in new nuclear have increased and the construction timetable has extended by a number of years." But that's not the end of the trouble. More dark clouds are gathering. Further whammies lie ahead.Whammy #4: Largely unnoticed, a few weeks ago the chief executive of French nuclear giant EdF, Vincent de Rivaz, told a committee of UK politicians that if EdF builds new nuclear reactors in the UK, it wants to be paid whether the electricity is used or not. "If a power station is available to generate electricity, its operator should not suffer financially because a policy or system decision is made that its electricity is not needed," he said."It is right not only for investors," said Mr de Rivaz, "but for consumers as well." But why charging consumers for a product they don't need is 'right' is extremely hard to understand. Here at Greenpeace we've been trying to think of another industry that could get away with such barefaced cheek. How would you feel if a baker knocked at your door demanding money even though you didn't want the bread he's made?Whammy #5: On top of that, EdF wants a guaranteed price for the electricity its new reactors would produce. Indeed, the company says it will pull out all together unless it is guaranteed profits. It is currently in secret talks with the UK government trying to agree to a figure. Estimates say this will be close to 95-99 pounds per MWh. Basically they want to force UK consumers to pay double the current price for electricity for the next 25 years. That's more than wind power costs right now. Does that sound like value for money for UK taxpayers? Is it 'right' for consumers, Mr de Rivaz?Where does this leave us? In a speech this week, UK Prime Minister David Cameron said "countries that prioritise green energy will secure the biggest share of jobs and growth in a global low-carbon sector set to be worth US$4 trillion by 2015" and that the UK should be "a global showcase for green innovation and energy efficiency."With its waste of time, taxpayer and consumer money and vital resources, its toxic legacy, its incompetence, blackmail and broken promises and its way of frightening investors, nuclear power just doesn't fit anywhere in Mr Cameron's vision.Greenpeace is calling for the UK to abandon its nuclear plans and turn the prime minister's words into reality.
(Photograph of the UK's Sellafield nuclear plant © Greenpeace / Nick Cobbing)
Justin McKeating has been blogging the meltdown of the nuclear industry for Greenpeace International since 2008. He is based in Brighton, UK.
(Unregistered) Beppe
the Bloomberg article you posted says "All but two of Japan's 50 reactors are shut", which is exactly what I am saying. In th...
the Bloomberg article you posted says "All but two of Japan's 50 reactors are shut", which is exactly what I am saying. In this case "shut" means cold shutdown. One of the skills required to an engineer is being able to read carefully -- and also think out of the box, especially if you should face an emergency situation.
ALL reactors in northern Japan have been damaged by the 2011 earthquake; after undamaged reactors were shut down for scheduled maintenance across 2011/12 they were not given permission to restart (except for two units at Oi).
Some Japanese want to exit nuclear now, others want to exit it as soon as possible; the total of the two is largely above 50%. Polls are not 50/50 as you say.
Thanks for acknowledging Dungeness B was down for unexpected failures rather than scheduled maintenance. BTW, Dungeness B is currently scheduled to be decommissioned in 2018, it is not being decommissioned now as you say (though it does look it is already falling apart a little).
Devising a sodium cooled reactor seems to me reckless: sodium burns spontaneously in contact with air and explodes in contact with water. What would have happened if Fukushima Daiichi had been cooled by sodium? Superphenix has been a failure and so is Monju; check out their incident record: it is atrocious. I am also tired to see public money wasted for tens of years on this idiotic fast breeder technology: if the industry really believes in it should finance it by itself.
Nuclear industry has been in the doldrums for so many years and, after the Fukushima disaster, its outlook is no brighter. Choosing to work in this area will probably affect your life for many years so you probably want consider carefully your options; EDF stock has lost half of its value in the last two years.
16 February, 2013 at 19:24
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Jan Haverkamp - Greenpeace
Dear Beppe, Zamm_ and AliShaw,
Thank you for your interesting discussion.
@AliShaw - looking at energy policy requires engin...
Dear Beppe, Zamm_ and AliShaw,
Thank you for your interesting discussion.
@AliShaw - looking at energy policy requires engineering and technical insight, but is large and by a political business. We have a lot of choices and certainly not only the narrow one that you propose: the need for nuclear. Politics will have to make a choice for the most beneficial policy.
As engineer to engineer: "Base-load" is a paradigm of the 20st century. Beppe is quite right in pointing out that modern grid management does not use base-load and peak-load any longer. It looks at marginal-cost cheap but variable input (CHP, wind, PV, CSHP, wave, tidal) and plans that 48 to 24 hour ahead. On top of that it scales in input from invariable sources with a higher marginal cost (nuclear, coal) and in case of expected over-supply asks power stations to go off-line for some period (which is in the order of hours to days), and then on a shorter notice base adds on the power with the largest flexibility but higher marginal costs: gas. Hydro is either used as low-marginal cost input or storage (order pumping in case of low-marginal-cost over-capacity; order generation in case of peak demand). New developments include the production of hydrogen or even methane with peak-wind power (so-called wind-gas), that can either be stored for use by gas generators or pumped into the gas network for heat and transport use.
We can well do without coal and nuclear in this system, as many studies have proven. In fact we will have to do without the coal - in Europe already before 2050 - if we want to prevent global warming in amounts that will not be nice.
Because of their low marginal costs, renewables are not used for flexible loads, but they deliver variable loads. That is a vital difference.
Although nuclear power is a relative low CO2-emitter (depending to a large extent on the quality of ore and used enrichment technologies), it does have other drawbacks, like the chance on a large accident by technical and/or human failure, sabotage, terrorist attack or act of war. Also, proliferation is a an issue other options do not know (the issue that Beppe refers to: can you guarantee the good intentions of the Japanese military in the coming few centuries? Or for example the Brasilian, Swedish, German, UK, French, US, Russian, Indian, Pakistani? Just look back the last century...).
Concerning waste and reprocessing. The use of reprocessed uranium and MOX (plutonium mixed with uranium) as fuel is still a marginal issue for several reasons. The first one being continuous problems in MOX production, but also in reprocessing itself (the environmental records of Sellafield, LaHague and Mayak are simply not up to scratch - with all the "upgrades" that Sellafield has seen, your argument of first of a kind is shallow). Reprocessing is simply an ongoing nightmare and should be stopped as soon as possible - the technology is too complex to engineer towards an acceptable safety level and Sellafield and LaHague count to the largest "authorised" emitters of radioactive substances on the globe. Authorised does not mean safe - in their case it is rather "unavoidable". Other options like transmutation, PRISM reactors and other genIV reactors are still all in early research phases, outcome uncertain, and all show their own drawbacks (costs, remaining waste, energy input, additional risk, long term control, to name a few). You do not base a decision on continuation of production of SNF on those.
For the remaining waste, the nightmare only thickens: most of low-level waste and medium-level waste needs to be safely stored for a period of roughly 300 years. That means 300 years of political stability to prevent human interference, apart from continuously appearing engineering problems (Asse II, the Centre de la Manche, to mention two examples). For high-level waste no attempts for long-term risk reduction have been successful so far. Even Finland, Sweden and France are still very far from something that not only functions but can also deliver sufficient protection for the long times needed.
All this taken together removes any remaining shine from nuclear. And the vital question is whether it makes any sense to continue with the technology if alternatives exist - and, as an engineer you should know that, they do exist, with less climate impact, lower costs and less over-all environmental side-effects.
Greenpeace does not yell. We are an evidence based campaigning organisation. If you want to understand (as engineer) the background behind our work - and notice how we are rather conservative than, as you claim, unrealistic, have a look at http://www.energyblueprint.info, where you will find all the work on the energy [r]evolution scenarios. For the grid-part of the discussion: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/publications/reports/Battle-of-the-grids/
@Zamm_: The piece is *not* misleading. You are misleading by linking last year's increase in coal use in Germany with the nuclear phase-out and closing your eyes for the wider picture. We both agree that there is still no optimal policy coming out of the German goverment (and with the German lobby-industry being what it is, it probably never will be optimal), but I think we can also agree that the direction taken in Germany is a lot more promising than the pie-in-the-sky policies and debates in the UK or the complete lack of debate in the Netherlands or Poland. We need to end up with 100% RE system for the long term. Setting the switches for that should, given the need for climate policies, be done today. Nuclear, CCS or other expensive diversions only close eyes for the technical possibilities that are already there. And, yes, that includes also grid-optimation.
18 February, 2013 at 12:31
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(Unregistered) AliShaw
Yes I miss typed when I said about the reactors being switched on. I meant to say they will be switched on rather than they are on,...
Yes I miss typed when I said about the reactors being switched on. I meant to say they will be switched on rather than they are on, apologies.
With regards to Dungness B, the process of decommissioning involves toning down the production year on year and by 2018 it will produce nothing. So I still say its an invalid example.
About the sodium reactor, yes I am well aware of that but the designs are genius. Its incredibly clever, no water water goes anywhere near the core. You cannot compare Generation II reactors with Generation IV, it is irrelevant. The incident at Fukushima would have been the same even with sodium. the issue at Fukushima had nothing to do with the coolant as such. It was to do with a failure of the backup generators, which would have been prevented had they been stored on the land side of the reactors, like Fukushima Dani.
You keep talking about safety record. The power source that has caused more deaths per kWh is Hydro, so if safety is such a big issue why not attack that? Nuclear has one of the best safety records out of any industry and if you are an engineer then you should be well aware of this. The incident at Fukushima is almost unique to the geography of Japan.
These companies hundreds of millions in research and development. I am starting to get bored of your circular argument. Unless you can provide me with a technical report that backs up what you say then I am not interested, web links and news stories mean nothing.
They deal the base load 24 hours in advance as far as I am aware. I dont want to entertain the idea of wind gas, I dont need to explain the issues of hydrogen as we are all very well aware and the production of methane just adds to greenhouse gas problems. Carbon sinks don't solve the problem they just stall it.
You know as well as I do what problems Germany have encountered abandoning Nuclear and Coal. Their country neared blackouts on many occasions, and this is an issue that cannot be ignored. Also Germany taking up coal again was because it phased out nuclear. It was the reason that was given. You can claim studies all you like but as an engineer you also know that what happens on paper and what happens in reality are two different things. The only country to try this was Germany and it has been a colossal failure.
Sellafield is the only Magox reactor in the world to attempt PUREX. It is much easier to use it with PWRs and BWRs. I have already addressed the large scale accidents in previous answers. As for good intentions that is irrelevant as you can modify most processes to make deadly substances if desired, I daresay you know that already.
Greenpeace yell and yell loudly. It is selective evidence based the lots of examples where you have yelled about things that are wrong. Plastic bags being a great example of this. Where greenpeace did not look at the full life cycle analysis and as a lecturer in environmental engineering you should know that. Let us not get hung up on plastic though.
In terms of cost per kWh its lower than most renewable sources. The storeage of waste is barrels in a trench 30 feet deep which is then filled with concrete. There is no chance the public can get to it.
I have looked at the background of greenpeaces work, it is a joke at best. I agree with the principles of greenpeace but they they go about it the wrong way. Climate change is a huge threat to life on earth and something needs to be done about it. For me nuclear is the start of that.
18 February, 2013 at 19:29
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@AliShaw - Greenpeace does not in any way endorse large scale hydro (the form of hydro that is related to the large casualty number, but besides that ...
@AliShaw - Greenpeace does not in any way endorse large scale hydro (the form of hydro that is related to the large casualty number, but besides that to problems of huge ecological damage as well) and has opposed and opposes many such projects for good reasons. Safety records of micro- and small hydro on the other hand are among the best.
Concerning safety - every nuclear incident we know is unique to its circumstances. Whether that be fuel damages in TMI, Bohunice, Chernobyl, Greifswald, Fukushima, reprocessing mess-ups (Mayak, Windscale / Sellafield) or the hundreds of near misses or large safety related mess-ups we have seen over the years (think of Forsmark, Kozloduy, Paks 2). That said, there were known flaws in the GE Mark 1 design that have complicated the catastrophe. Ranging from missing vent filters to the potential vessel response on large pressure. They influenced decision moments, they influenced actual behaviour of the reactors. There are similar warnings for many other reactors in the world (personally I am among others involved in such a case concerning the Temelin 1 reactor in the Czech Republic), where operators, regulators, governments - and often the public, do not react adequately - for reasons of economy, politics, personal ambitions or sheer blind stupidity. When it goes wrong for whatever reason - human or technical failure, natural catastrophe, sabotage, terrorist attack or act of war - these issues can start playing a crucial role, like they did in Fukushima and Chernobyl. Addressing these known issues could prevent a lot worse. But because the worst accident cannot be excluded completely and safer (and cheaper and cleaner) alternatives are available, the best prevention is a nuclear phase-out, starting with the oldest and most risky reactors, and a stop on new build. Why is it, that in Environmental Impact Assessments of all new nuclear projects in the last decade, there is a flat refusal to compare the nuclear option with alternatives?
Wind-gas is currently implemented (by a former Greenpeace off-shoot - Greenpeace Energy in Germany) and might well play an important role in the future. Up till 5%, hydrogen can be mixed without problem with methane in the gas supply. Over 5% it is better to convert it first to methane (which binds CO2 and therefore is CO2 neutral - does *not* add to CO2 emissions, as you thought).
We do not count on CCS at all, because it is too expensive and too uncertain on the long term - we fully agree there.
Germany has not neared black-outs in the last years. The only moment they have brought several coal and oil power stations from cold shut-down into stand-by was the extreme cold-spell of February 2012, but this emergency stand-by capacity was *not* called upon. In contrary, Germany exported during that week electricity to France. German coal was up in 2012 because of RWE, Vattenfal and E.On trying to run their lignite power stations maximally until they need to shut down in 2016 and dumping the electricity on the export market against low prices - helped by record low carbon prices. This has nothing to do with the nuclear phase-out. The lost nuclear capacity was in 2012 already made up by higher inputs from renewables into the grid. As engineer, I indeed follow what is happening on the ground. What you call a failure is a huge engineering success. But for one or another reason you seemed to be blinded by nuclear spin and rather buy into the completely theoretical debates and factual mistakes and myths going around in the UK. Am I right you are following that debate? I just can't help but notice you jump to conclusions in ways that engineers normally avoid doing, but that I recognise from the UK debate.
I still fail to see how one can turn decentralised generation with wind, CSHP, PV, high- and low-temperature geothermal, wave, tidal and micro- and small hydro into deadly substances. Maybe I am naive... but my impression is that only large centralised sources (with centralised power structures behind them) are capable of doing so - from acid rain, over climate change, nuclear catastrophes to river silting, land salination and dam breaches.
Your plastic bag paragraph seems to need more explanation.
Nuclear is not cheaper any longer than small and micro-hydro, on-shore wind, certain geothermal projects, PV and CSHP in certain regions and prices of these continue to fall. The break even point with off-shore wind is depending on area already reached or will be reached shortly. Nuclear costs continue to climb. Something that UK citizens should by now also understand if they follow the discussions on proposed nuclear subsidies and cost developments of decommissioning and waste. The currently debated UK strike price will bind the UK into double current market prices while pushing out cheaper renewables. There is too much ideology behind this grab for money.
Maybe you did not look really at the background of Greenpeace's work. If you call, for instance, the work of the German Institute DLR (the larges modelling institute in the world) a joke, I have to doubt your claim of being an engineer. The energy [r]evolution scenario work is worldwide seen as trendsetting and high quality. Greenpeace does not do these things ourselves (though our people are involved). We use renomated institutes and academics to understand the evidence.
Nuclear is a dangerous diversion of the real debate. It delivers too little, too late, against too high cost and with too large risks (accident, sabotage / terrorism / war, proliferation, long term risk of waste). That is an evidence based conclusion.
19 February, 2013 at 11:52
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Jan: Every dam has a problem with methane production and as we know 1 kg of methane is equivalent to 24kg of CO2.
Wind gas is a carbon si...
Jan: Every dam has a problem with methane production and as we know 1 kg of methane is equivalent to 24kg of CO2.
Wind gas is a carbon sink it doesn't solve the problem it only delays it. The process is:
Methane then burns to give us:
No problem solved only delayed. That what the reality is, unless you propose some sort of perpetual motion machine. In terms of near misses you can apply near misses to almost every single industry most of which have the potential to. For example between 1975 and 2012 there have been 1328 incidents ranging from near misses and fires from wind turbines. Am I going to say that wind turbines are unsafe because of that? No, because that is a terrible argument. On a side note I am pro wind power, it definitely has a role to play. Every single plant in the world has incidents on site, if you have had any industrial experience you would know and if you have had industrial experience then I would ask you not to ignore it as it just makes you look completely biased.
In terms of phasing out old reactors I couldn't agree more but they should be replaced with modern PWRs. Old reactors are inefficient and produce too much waste. I would also replace the fuel in reactors, once zirconium matrix fuel becomes commercially available. Reason being is that it has a high burn up and consumes all the fission fragments thus eliminating the problem of high level waste.
"I still fail to see how one can turn decentralised generation with wind, CSHP, PV, high- and low-temperature geothermal, wave, tidal and micro- and small hydro into deadly substances. Maybe I am naive..." - you know precisely what I mean so don't act otherwise.
The life cycle of a paper bag has a greater carbon footprint than a plastic one. Greenpeace campaigned vigorously to replace plastic bags with paper with climate change being cited as a reason.
Nuclear is around the same price per kWh, maybe a shade cheaper.
Greenpeace funded that report, as such I am wary of bias. I can't seem to find the report anywhere and from 2005? Its on the website it gives a date and a link but I cant seem to find the report on the link. Is that not rather outdated. When doing reports I have always been taught to use papers from the last 5 years as older ones are outdated.
Germany are near blackouts, legislation was passed in November 2012 to try and prevent it happening again.
If you provide me with technical, unbiased reports then I will consider your point of view. But these sources must be from nuclear experts, which you are not. The way you are writing tells me that. No nuclear engineer, even those who are against, would make their argument as one sided as you did. Also EIA doesn't work it is an advisory tool, I know that as I am currently doing a course in environmental impact assessment, I was rather startled to learn that. By the industries own admission, they are the last people who get listened to. It is a very interesting course though, but I don't think I could do it for a living. When you provide me with the reports I shall read them, when I have some time. Be in mind that i am in posession of a technical report from 2012 that was conducted by nuclear safety experts that states the risks you have stated as "minimal"
19 February, 2013 at 18:09
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@AliShaw - I hope you understand the difference between carbon sink and carbon-neutral. I talked about the latter. That means no delay of the problem,...
@AliShaw - I hope you understand the difference between carbon sink and carbon-neutral. I talked about the latter. That means no delay of the problem, it means no addition to the problem.
Your wind turbine accident argument is heavily flawed. How many people were injured, how many evacuated temporarily, how many for good from incidents with wind turbines. Bringing this up in a discussion on nuclear energy shows you are following manipulation.
Greenpeace / EREC's energy [r]evolution scenario shows we do not need to replace old nuclear with new nuclear. There is simply no reason for it. The technologies you refer to are still pies in the sky, while renewables and efficiency can do the job and are already available.
Concerning the price of nuclear: the UK is currently negotiating a twice market price fixed for 40 years plus a government guarantee for the construction investment. No renewable energy ever would get that after having been 60 years on the market. Nuclear is not the same price per kWh. Your information is outdated or tweeked by other interests.
Your information about the updated German electricity legislation and blackouts is wrong and spin from the nuclear industry. The update was necessary to support further grid development and to enable a smooth transition after the decision of the Energiewende. That does not mean that they were near to black-outs. See my previous response.
The Chernobyl health report is indeed from 2005. The fact that Greenpeace financed it does not make it biased. We cannot afford being biased. It is properly peer-reviewed and the material it contains is peer-reviewed scientific material. I am not aware of any similar large scale overview made since, except for the non-peer-reviewed study of Yablokov, published by the New York Academy of Science. Therefore the 2005 Greenpeace study still stands and given the complexity of the epidemiological backgrounds of low-level radiation effects, it is unlikely we'll ever get much nearer than the broad band estimate given in that report.
Interesting you bring Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) into the discussion. I have participated in six large nuclear EIAs and one SEA. They are an advisory tool, but an important one if they are taken seriously. They are meant to enhance the quality of decisions (Aarhus Convention). Unfortunately, they are so far treated by the industry and their political backers as bureaucratic tick-off musts and therefore none of the ones I have been involved in can be characterised as in line with the law or the spirit of the law or even coming near to enhancing the quality of the final decision. That means that quite a bit of it ends - to my regret - up in court. If you are interested in this subject, I advice you to contact me over email (jan.haverkamp[at]greenpeace.org), and we can discuss it further.
The only advice I can give you is to become slightly more critical to what you get from the nuclear industry. The information I gave you and the views on it are unbiased and if you would take the time to look a bit further into the reports I mentioned and their sources, or do your own research, you'd find many other nuclear experts backing me up. You'll find an industry opposing some of the arguments I brought forward - follow the money there. Also, realise that nuclear engineers know something about parts of a nuclear power station in the technical sense. For nuclear power in its ecological, social and economic environment, you will also need a lot of people with a completely different background than that of a nuclear engineers. Understanding nuclear is team-work. In that, I am a generalist (knowing a bit about a lot), working in close cooperation with many specialists (knowing a lot about very little). Together we can come to something to approaches nuclear expertise.
For the links to reports, I just refer you to the sources used in the many Greenpeace publications you find on our home-page. The reasons that the industry pushed their own non-transparent data (often with a marketing background!) into reports of the European Nuclear Energy Forum, where I participated for Greenpeace, and our transparent peer-review data from independent scientific sources were marginalised as "Greenpeace claims" was one of the reasons for NGOs to leave that forum. The nuclear industry is not about arguments, but about power and money - unfortunately. It is a game I deeply detest, and I will continue to try in my lifetime to get the discussion back to the facts. The facts speak against nuclear.
By the way - there are many good reasons to be against the extravagant use of plastic bags (and paper bags) we see today. Greenpeace campaigned for reduce, re-use and recycle - not for replacing plastic bags with paper bags. Be more precise. It will help you in your further career. And take your own shopping bag with you if you go the next time to a supermarket ;-)
21 February, 2013 at 12:03
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hydro is perfectly safe: just look at tbe Vajont dam safety record, after so many years the dam is still there! The problem was just th...
hydro is perfectly safe: just look at tbe Vajont dam safety record, after so many years the dam is still there! The problem was just that the stupid Mount Toc decided to collapse into the basin. The operators of the dam can't complain too much tough because there were a lot of early signs of the impending catastrophe; they decided to ignore them for profit reasons.
Nuke is safe in theory but in practice things go wrong much more often than the industry tells us in its plant designs.
Fukushima too was touted to be safe but, again, early warnings of a possible catastrophe have been ignored -- again for profit reasons.
BTW, Fukushima 1 lost not only the emergency generators and, by large, the batteries but also the main cooling water pumps and hence the ultimate heat sink so, even if the generators survived, the reactor could probably not be cooled enough.
Fukushima 2 survived barely, also because it had submbersible water pumps (Tepco did not want to upgrade Fuku 1 to use the same pumps, guess why). Note the "survived barely" means Fuku 2 has been on the brink of meltdown for days after the quake and it will take several *years* to repair it -- if ever.
Obviously all types of plants have accidents but after so many years people around Chernobyl are still fighting with cesium and the same will be in Fukushima. Why do we have to go through this? Had Fukushima been a fossil fuel plant I would not be trying to buy food from the most remote regions of Japan now.
Please understand that engineering choices are ultimately driven by cost and that the way money flows has little to do with the (more or less) brilliant design of a piece of machinery.
For example, several years ago, Fiat stated that it had introduced too much robotization in its then new Melfi plant -- the reason being that with a little less robots and a little more workers manufacturing would have been cheaper. This is probably a little depressing if you love technology but still.
Besides, nuclear is not even cost competitive (see my previous post about Japanese government estimates).
21 February, 2013 at 17:45
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Of course the wind turbine argument is flawed, that is why I said I would not use that argument. I was using it to illustrate a poi...
Of course the wind turbine argument is flawed, that is why I said I would not use that argument. I was using it to illustrate a point. It is a poor argument, yet it is the argument that you appear to be using against nuclear.
It depends entirely on your source of CO2, if you source it from a sink then its a store if from the air its neutral. However I imagine that the efficiency would be shockingly low for air. The energy needed to do this is huge. To do this on an industrial scale would require a constant energy supply as for peak efficiency this process has to operate at around 600 - 800 oC. Wind turbines do not provide consistent energy because of wind fluctuations.
Any report that titles itself energy [r]evolution is clearly biased and as such I cannot use it when making up my mind on the issue. Also please stop saying the term [r]evolution as I just cannot take anyone who says that seriously.
Yes these companies are looking at 40 year set prices to guarentee the construction cost. Not so bad when you consider upto 100 year life times. By any chance do you know where the money comes from for renewable technologies? Well I do. It comes from every single major electrical generation company under the Renewable Obligation Certificate. So the very reason renewables require relatively low investment is that they make a financial killing from the money made from fines given to edf, etc.
In case you don't know how this scheme works it basically set out targets in the UK what needs to be produced from renewable sources. Any company that doesnt meet these targets gets fined and this is passed onto companies who develop renewable energy. If this scheme was changed or taken away then the tax payer would have to foot the bill and the development of renewables would come to a stand still. There are similar schemes throughout Europe. So when boasting about the financial viability of renewables I would ask you to keep that in mind. My information in terms of price comes from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) from 2010, so it is pretty in date. If you are going to get into conspiracy theorys about Germany then Im interested in talking about this, what is happening in Germany is because of Nuclear phase out, that is a fact. If you wish to bury your head in the sand about in then go ahead.
While we completely disagree on the nuclear issue I do find EIA very interesting, so I may take you up on that offer. I believe it has the potential to enhance many projects although I think that it does need to be improved as it does have failing in analyzing things such as sustainability for example. Quite coincidentally I am currently doing a project to conduct a basic EIA for a relatively large scale hydro project. While this is not an ideal hydro plant Id rather talk about a project that is actually happening rather than talking about a hypothetical situation.
I dont read what the industry says as I mistrust it as much as I mistrust greenpeace sources. I always look for independent reports, those who have many interests. I like researching this way as you can trust what they say more as having many interests means you have more than 1 revenue stream, meaning a company will find it much harder to manipulate that researcher. Also generally speaking a nuclear project would require at least 2 EIAs, thats according to someone who worked in the field for 20 years. As I understand it one of the failings in EIAs is with Nuclear, if not failing then a unique case. As I believe that Nuclear comes under Annex 1, whereas most projects seem to come under Annex 2.
There certainly were sections of greenpeace that campaigned for replacement. I always reuse plastic bags to the point that they break as the number of them does need to be reduced. I dont think anyone can argue against that.
Hydro is safe? Well two days ago the 3 gorges dam had a water breach that killed 701 people. Not to mention the 1.6 million people that were displaced by the dams construction.
In terms of cost a lot of the money that funds renewables comes from the pockets of major electrical generating companies. Very similar scheme to europe. If the generators had survived it could have crash cooled the reactor. Engineering choices are down to cost and early data shows that metallic fuels in fast reactors have a wider profit margin than traditional reactors and fuels.
22 February, 2013 at 16:20
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@AliShaw - conclusion of this discussion.
AliShaw, I do not know which influence on you made you dismiss Greenpeace reports before you have actu...
@AliShaw - conclusion of this discussion.
AliShaw, I do not know which influence on you made you dismiss Greenpeace reports before you have actually read them and seen with your own eyes that these are transparent and in most cases properly peer-reviewed reports. Greenpeace cannot afford to work under the standards of a professional research journalist. If we would, we'd loose credibility on every level of influence.
Thanks for making clear that you are subject to the debate in the UK. The UK seems to be good in debating (one against the other, scoring points) but less good in discourse (exchanging views, weighing the facts, reaching a common outcome). The energy debate in the UK currently contains a lot of myths and it is worthwhile to concentrate on evidence based information.
The term "[r]evolution" clearly shows what needs to be done today. Because of climate change, we need a very fast change in energy policies and infrastructure. There is no way out. It needs a change of very basic, one century old paradigms. Hence the word revolution. But it needs to be done realistically on the basis of really available technology and realistic developments. Hence the word evolution. For that reason we have put from the start the [r] into brackets. Maybe your bias is... eh... biased?
The UK support for RE is basically flawed so far. The UK was reluctant to follow the Danish, German, Spanish and Portuguese successful implementation of Feed-in-Tariffs, but indeed went on the support mechanism you describe. You can see in the real numbers what the effect was. The UK plays only a minor role in the development of RE and a huge opposition to it. Be careful with OECD numbers. There was a time that the IEA was trying to pay an independent role, but that seems to be over. Under influence of the (nuclear promoting) NEA, numbers tend to be leaning pro-nuclear. But even then, the NEA numbers reach the conclusion that nuclear delivers too little, too late, against a too high price and with open standing issues like waste, proliferation and rest-risk unsolved.
I motivate you also to read industry information. It helps you learn to find your way in the jungle of policy making. Learning what you can trust why. And what not.
You're very welcome to contact me on the EIA issue. With the Aarhus and Espoo Conventions and related EU regulations, it is a potentially powerful tool, although formalities can also be abused and are abused.
23 February, 2013 at 16:42
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A French-government funded agency, the Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN) or the Institute for Radiati...
A French-government funded agency, the Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN) or the Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety estimates the cost of a major nuclear accident in France to about €300 billion ($400 billion). This would be 25% of France GDP.
Is it worth?
Source: http://reneweconomy.com.au/2013/the-mind-boggling-cost-of-a-theoretical-french-nuclear-accident-83800
1 March, 2013 at 14:31
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text:
Browse Bulletins
Potato Biodiversity: Ensuring the Future
Farmers in the Andes use biodiversity as insurance.
Ancestor of All Placental Mammals Identified
A new study identifies a likely ancestor to all placental mammals.
Bat Succeeds at Part-Time Pollination
A short-nosed bat bests its nectar-drinking cousin at pollination.
Rarest Whale on Earth Identified in New Zealand
DNA evidence identifies the world's rarest whale.
Urban Coyotes Mate for Life
City-dwelling coyotes in the United States choose lifelong partners.
Underwater Microscope Zooms in on Tiny Marine Life
A submersible microscope reveals plankton behavior.
Protecting Wildlife in a Changing Climate
As habitats shift, connections are key for climate-sensitive species.
Caving for Cures: Mining Drugs From Nature
Scientists seek cures for disease in underground microbes.
Brown Widow Spiders Invade Southern California
Have black widow spiders lost their bite?
Seeking Spiders—Biodiversity on a Different Scale
Mysterious, tiny goblin spiders get a census.
Deep Sea Cephalopods Hide Using Light
Cephalopods turn skin patterns on and off to fool predators.
Bee Deaths Linked to Common Pesticides
Nicotine-related pesticides may be responsible for bee population decline.
CT Scans Help Poached Rhinos
An Ohio research lab helps save rhinos mutilated by poachers.
New Frog on the Block
A distinctive croak heralded a new species of frog in New York.
Fire Ants Raise Brazilian Butterflies
Fire ants play a care-giving role for butterfly larvae.
On the Hunt for a Balanced Diet
Beetle predators consider nutrition when choosing their prey.
Whales Give Dolphins a Lift
Scientists observe dolphins and whales at play in Hawaiian waters.
Scarlet Macaws Soar in Guatemalan Skies
Conservation efforts lead scarlet macaws toward a comeback in Guatemala.
Earth's Green Carbon Machine
As the seasons come and go, plant life and carbon change on Earth.
Down and Dirty Biodiversity
Worldwide, a diversity of life dwells deep in the dirt.
Learning From Lyme
Biodiversity loss may be encouraging the increase in Lyme disease.
Deadly Larvae Lure Predators
Prey strike back! For ground beetle larvae, predators are on the menu.
Baja California Park Rebounds
Thanks to local people, a Mexican marine park makes a record recovery.
Fishing Breaks Dolphin Bonds
Accidental netting of related dolphins threatens their genetic future.
Mississippi Floods Leave Historic Wake
Coexisting with the powerful Mississippi River is a challenge for flood-prone communities.
Coral Reefs in Hot Water
High temperatures in 2010 stressed corals around the world.
More Species, Better Water?
Biodiversity may help clear pollutants from streams.
Ocean Peaks Are Vital for Biodiversity
Undersea mountains are prime spots to protect ocean life.
The Invasion: A Case Study on the Hudson River
The invasive zebra mussel loosens its grip on the Hudson River.
Pandas Love Old Trees
Biologists discover that pandas need old-growth forests to survive.
Tropical Vines on the Upswing
Why are climbing vines overgrowing tropical forests in the Americas?
Little Farmers
A single-celled organism is found to sow and harvest crops of bacteria to sustain its colonies.
How Successful Is Wildlife Conservation?
Conservation helps, but more must be done to reverse the decline of vertebrate species.
African Parks Are Losing Vultures
For many vultures, scavenging has become dangerous business.
Earth's Nitrogen in the Balance
Use of nitrogen fertilizer is radically impacting Earth's nitrogen cycle.
Roads Influence Animal Genes
Roads connect people, but they separate animals.
For Sturgeons, the Journey Is Long
Knowing how far Atlantic sturgeons roam will help protect this threatened migratory species.
In Search of Wild Variety
AMNH scientists name hundreds of newly discovered species every year.
Toxic Sludge Caught on Satellite
The October 4 spill from a Hungarian industrial plant is visible from space.
New Blood Gives New Life to Florida Panthers
Endangered Florida panthers benefited from the introduction of Texan panthers in their ranks.
Making Medicine from Nature
Three cutting-edge medical technologies inspired by biodiversity
Fungus Brainwashed Ancient Ants
Fungi have been invading ant brains for tens of millions of years.
Lethal Fungus Decimating Local Bats
Little brown bats may disappear from eastern North America in just 16 years.
Little Fish Brings Dead Zone to Life
Overfishing has altered Namibia's coastal waters--but a native fish is keeping them productive.
The Oil Spill's Other Victims
Beyond oil-coated pelicans, the spill imperils many lesser-known species.
The Ecology of Climate Change
Visit Alaska's boreal forest to learn its role in Earth's climate.
Scientists Radio-Track Orchid Bees
Tiny transmitters reveal that bees pollinate flowers far and wide.
Satellites Detect Forest Hotspots
New maps of global forests show where they are disappearing.
Oil Spill Poses Risks to Gulf Ecosystems
When oil spills invade ecosystems, impacts can last decades.
Discovering the Ocean's Microscopic World
The Census of Marine Life is studying an ocean's worth of microscopic marine species.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Joint Advance gives you a shield of protection
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Floor Plan
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하늘 문화
Sky culture is a term used by Stellarium referring to the way a culture describing the sky and celestial objects. In the field of astronomy, the point of concern about a sky culture is how stars are named and related to each other within this culture.
As of version 0.8.1, Stellarium contains 4 different sets of sky cultures: Western, Chinese, Ancient Egyptian, and Polynesian.
Like other cultural categories as well, Western sky culture remains the dominant sky culture in modern-day astronomy.
The Western culture divides the celestial sphere into 88 areas of various sizes called constellations, each with precise boundary, issued by the International Astronomical Union. These constellations have become the standard way to describe the sky, replacing similar sets in other sky cultures exhaustively in daily usage.
Most of traditional western star names came from Arabic. In astronomy, Bayer/Flamsteed designations and other star catalogues are widely used instead of traditional names except few cases where the traditional names are more famous than the designations.
스텔라리움의 또 다른 별자리
Asterisms by H.A. Rey, from his book "The Stars: A New Way To See Them", by tleemans
Download this constellationship.fab file
외부 링크
- Constellation article at Wikipedia
- Star Catalogue article at Wikipedia
- Constellation image library of the U.S. Naval Observatory and the Space Telescope Science Institute. Johannes Hevelius Engravings.
The Chinese culture keeps one of the most detailed observation data of the celestial before 18th century, when Western astronomy began having breakthrough discoveries with the help of scientific method.
Stellarium currently provides roughly one third of Chinese Xingguan (Chinese: 星官; pinyin: xīngguān) sets, and is without any Chinese star names. A project conducted by community member G.S.K.Lee is now underway to construct a complete Chinese sky culture set for Stellarium based on the information inside Yixiangkaocheng (Chinese: 儀象考成; pinyin: yíxiàngkǎochéng), an imperial record of astronomy finished in 1756, which is the major reference to the traditional Chinese Xingguans and star names used today.
The major difference between Xingguan and constellation is that while constellation refers to a definite area upon the celestial sphere, Xingguan only refers to a pattern of stars. Its closest term in Western culture might be asterism, though unlike asterisms, Xingguans have their official status. The number of Xingguan varies along different eras of Chinese history; new Xingguans were made when fainter stars were observed, and some old Xingguans were abolished when the pattern could no longer be observed (mainly due to proper motions). Xingguans near southern celestial pole were created following the introdution of Western constellations into China by Catholic missionaries.
Yixiangkaocheng has 300 Xingguans in total.
Edged out by Western constellations, Xingguans were no longer in active usage today by the Chinese.
Traditional Chinese star names were given with a systematical method, by combining the name of Xingguan this star is in with a number, usually reflecting the star's position within this Xingguan. When fainter stars where observed with better instruments in the era of Yixiangkaocheng, they were named by combining the name of Xingguan this star is nearest to with an augmentation number.
Yixiangkaocheng has 3083 Xingguans in total. A complete list which corresponding all 3083 stars into any modern star catalogues or designations is yet to exist.
Unlike Xingguans, traditional Chinese star names are still in common usage today, even more common than Bayer/Flamsteed designations.
성관과 별자리 그림
Traditionally, Chinese do not have similar expressions like constellation arts in the Western cultures. If any, clouds were sometimes added to each Xingguan's background on the starcharts in astrology books, but seldom be seen inside astronomically oriented works.
- Perhaps it would be a good idea to indicate the extent of the four symbols with Xingguan arts?
성관과 별자리 경계
As stated, Xingguans are not related with areas, hence they have no definite boundaries.
프로젝트 상태
- constellation_names.fab: Chinese: Completed; English translations: Incomplete.
- star_names.fab: 228 out of 3083 stars have been entered into the conversion list.
- constellationship.fab: (Major star names need to be completed first)
An under development screenshot.
외부 링크
- Yixiangkaocheng at Wikimedia Commons
- Ferdinand Verbiest at Wikipedia
고대 이집트
Some developers need to come here and explain to us where they got those ambiguous constellation
names which beat the translators to the ground, doh.
The Polynesian people used to utilize some constellations which helped them navigating through the Pacific Ocean. The mythology behind these constellations are majorly linked with the sea as well.
외부 링크
- Polynesian Constellations at Polynesian Voyaging Society


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Anna Norman


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List & Earn Rs.250* extra. Available in Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad.
The Racoon Lean printed designer hard back mobile phone case cover for LG G4. (Skulls)
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ERISA requires plans to provide participants with plan information including important information about plan features and funding; provides fiduciary responsibilities for those who manage and control plan assets; requires plans to establish a grievance and appeals process for participants to get benefits from their plans; and gives participants the right to sue for benefits and breaches of fiduciary duty. Attorneys may represent employees or they may represent the company in the design, preparation, and review of plan, trust, and employee communication documents to implement pension, profit sharing, employee stock ownership, fringe benefit, flexible benefit, and all types of employee welfare plans.
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text:
Your location: Home
List of
A. Description of project
1) Title of project:
Balvi District Heating
2) Participants/actors:
Please fill in one table for each participant/actor. For individuals fill in as from item Function
within activity".
Please fill in if applicable
Name of organization(a):
Närings- och Teknikutvecklingsverket
Name of organization (English):
Swedish National Board for Industrial and Technical Development
Environmental Energy System in the Baltic Region and Eastern Europe.
Acronym (English):
Function within activity:
Assigned by the Swedish Government for Implementation including financing arrangements.
Liljeholmsvägen 32
Post code:
+46-8-681 96 07
+46-8-681 96 67
Contact person (for this activity):
First name, middle name:
Job title:
Direct tel:
+46-8-681 96 72
Direct fax:
Direct E-mail:
Latvian co-reporter
(standard classifiers to be developed)
a) Organization includes: institutions, ministries, companies, non-governmental organizations, etc.
involved in the activity, i.e. research institutes associated with the project, auditors, government agency
closely following the activity.
3) Activity:
General description:
Balvi is a town where NUTEK earlier has financed one boiler conversion project. On the same side of
the river there was one more coalfired boiler plant with separate network. The energy price from
this boiler plant was very high.
Type of project :a)
energy efficiency
Location (exact, e.g. city, region,
Ballvi town
Balvi district
Activity starting date:
18. Oktober 1994 (letter-of-intent)
Expected activity ending date:
30. September 2005
Stage of activity:b)
Lifetime of activity if different from ending date:c)
Technical data:d)
Integration of two separate district heating networks, whereby an old coal-fired heating plant
situated in the midst of a hospital area is closed down. In addition a newly installed timber
drying plant at a saw-mill was connected to the district heating system, which provides the heating
company a solid source of income and with demand for a large base load for the boiler. Installation
of metering and control equipment in substations are also included in the project.
a) For example, using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) classification: energy efficiency;
renewable energy; fuel switching; forest preservation, restoration or reforestation; afforestation;
fugitive gas capture; industrial processes; solvents; agriculture; waste disposal or bunker fuels.
b) Circle the appropriate option.
c) Methodological work will be required to define lifetime of activities.
d) Methodological work will be required to determine for each type of activity what the minimum data
requirements are.
4) Cost (to the extent possible):
Year 0
= 1995
Year 1
Year 2
= 1996
2 -9
Year 10
Cost of the project in US$:
AIJ component in US$:
US$ per avoided ton of CO2 equivalent:
Describe briefly how costs are determined:
The investment proper is calculated to be 420.993 USD and technical support 44.960 USD.
The lifetime or the project is foreseen to be minimum 10 years (corresponding to the maturity period of the
loan). The following definitions are used:
Cost for the project in year 0:
Costs for investment (= loan from NUTEK) and technical assistance (= grant from NUTEK) are summarized over
the investment period (up to the time for commissioning) and stated for year 0, being the year of the date
for commissioning.
Cost for the project in consequtive years:
Costs (i e possible costs for investment and costs of AIJ component character) are shown per calender year.
Year 1 represents part of the calender year after the date of commissioning.
AIJ component in year 0:
The costs for technical assistance up to commissioning have a clear character of AIJ component. The costs
for the investment can also be maintained to have the an AIJ character, as the loan is a cost for the host
country, and as the loan represents a business risk for the financier, NUTEK.
AIJ component in consequtive years:
Consist a o of the following parts:
1. Costs for follow-up after the date of commissioning (information exchange to secure a high utilisation
of the investment + costs for measuring and reporting to FCCC). The cost for follow-up for the years up to
and including 1996 is calculated by dividing NUTEKs total costs for follow-up by the total years of
operation of all NUTEK-financed projects.
2. Difference between a market interest rate and the favourable interest rate (STIBOR) which NUTEK applies.
This can be settled between the co-reporting parties annually.
3. Business risk.
US $ per avoided ton of CO2 equivalent equals:
- at year 0 the cost of the project/AIJ component cost divided by the projected decrease in CO2
emission over the 10 year lifetime of the project
- for consequtive years the cost of the project/AIJ component divided by actual figure for decrease of
CO2 emission for each of the years 1 - 10.
Note: Possible costs for organisations in the host country may be suggested by the co-reporter in the host
5) Mutually agreed assessment procedures:
Describe the procedures, including name of organizations involveda):
It is intended that upon agreement with a central Latvian authority on reporting of JI-projects,
this authority will assign a local organisation, which will be involved in the evaluation of the
climate effects of this project. After an initial work in cooperation with NUTEKís assigned
consultant, this local organisation will take the main responsibility the continued measuring for
a) Please ensure that detailed contact information for all organizations mentioned is reported under
section A.2 above.
B. Governmental acceptance, approval or endorsement
Bearing in mind that all activities implemented jointly under this pilot phase require prior acceptance,
approval or endorsement by the Governments of the Parties participating in these activities, which shall be
shown as follows:
(a) In the case of joint reporting, the report is submitted by the designated national authority of one
participating Party with the concurrence of all other participating Parties as evidenced by attached
letters issued by the relevant national authorities;
(b) In the case of separate reporting, the reports are submitted separately by the designated national
authority of each and every participating Party. Information will only be compiled once reports have been
received from all participating Parties.
1) For the activity:
* First report and joint reporting: Agreement with designated national authority is planned to be
signed summer or autumn 1997.
* Subsequent reports:
Activity was: suspended
terminated earlier
2) This report is a joint report: (för senare ifyllande)
Yes, Agreement with designated national authority is planned to be signed summer or autumn 1997.
3) General short comment by the government(s) if applicable:
Comment by the Swedish government
The Swedish Parliament decided already in 1993 to establish a program for what was later to be known as AIJ
The decision stemmed from the perception that Swedish mitigation costs were relativeliy high when compared
to most countries especially some of our neighbouring countries Acccordingly, Swedish policy against
climate change should include promotion of activities in these countries.
The relatively high mitigation costs in Sweden are caused by a high share of non-fossil energy in the
energy balance, efficient use of energy due to high carbon dioxide taxes and programmes for the
introduction of renewables as well as for increased energy efficiency. (The background is more fully
described in the Swedish national report to the FCCC)
In the bill leading to the establishment of the programme now reported the minister of energy in 1993
declared that Sweden immediatelly should take action to assist the Baltic countries to make their energy
system more efficient. Such actions were seen to be in accordance with the notion of JI as conveyed in the
FCCC. They should also contribute to the cost-effectiveness of Swedish measures against climate change .
The minister also underlined in his message to the Parliament that Sweden should have a pragmatic approach
in her climate change policy
That the criteria for JI were not yet determined when the programme was launched was not to be considered
as any obstacle for the promotion and introduction of Swedish climate change policy initiatives in the
Baltic countries, Poland and other East European countries. Such measures should be seen as an initial step
towards an efficient, sustainable and equitable international climate strategy.
In the Swedish energy agreement of 1997 it was concluded that "Sweden shall, as a member of the
European Union, work towards a common climate policy and should actively promote international cooperation
in the climatic field. In particular, Sweden shall engage in the development of efficient policy means
within the framework of the climate policy of EU and the Framework Convention on Climatic Change. Sweden
should also cooperate with other countries in the way envisaged by the Climate Comvention, through so
called joint implementation."
C. Compatibility with and supportiveness of national economic development and socio economic and
environment priorities and strategies
Describe (to the extent possible) how the activity is compatible with and supportive of national
economic development and socio economic and environment priorities and strategies
The project meets with a o the following objectives in the Government Policy of the Republic of
- priority to a o projects with use of local energy sources
-saving and efficient use of energy is in the focus of govenment attention. Special attention is
paid to measuring, records and statistics of energy production and consumption.
- reduction of the volume of pollutant emissions and residues will be carried out gradually and
purposefully with regard to the existing technological level of energy utilities and the actual
economical possibilities.
D. Benefits derived from the activities implemented jointly project
Whenever possible, quantitative information should be provided. Failing that, a qualitative description
should be given. If quantitative information becomes available, it could be submitted using the update(s).
(If the amount of quantative information is too large, the source could be indicated.)
Please fill in
Describe environmental benefits in detail:
Annual emissions reduction:
4000 ton CO2
17.7 ton SO2
3.9 ton NOx
The closing down of the coal-fired boiler in connection with the integration of the two networks
means that a heat demand, corresponding to the burning of around
1000 tons coal/year, is replaced with heat supplied from the biofuel-fired boiler.
Do quantitative data exist for evaluation of environmental benefits?
Describe social/cultural benefits in detail:
More stable energy supply.
Improved working conditions, increased motivation..
Do quantitative data exist for evaluation of social benefits?
Describe economic benefits in detail:
Decreased energy prices about 3 USD/MWh
Do quantitative data exist for evaluation of economic benefits?
E. Calculation of the contribution of activities implemented jointly projects that bring about real,
measurable and long-term environmental benefits related to the mitigation of climate change that would not
have occurred in the absence of such activities
1) Estimated emissions without the activity (project baseline):
Description of the baseline or reference scenario, including methodologies applied:
The reference scenario represents at status quo situation. The decrease in energy consumption that followed
after 1990 is assumed to have reached full impact, meaning a stable heat consumption over the life-time of
the project. Loan from NUTEK is so far one of the very few sources to finance this type of investments for
municipalities in Latvia. As this would imply that an alternative investment would not have taken place,
neither the consequence of another investment, nor the consequence of an alternative technical solutions
are considered.î
2) Estimated emissions with the activity:
Description of the scenario, including methodologies applied:
Cf. E.1. above.
Fill in the following tables as applicable:
Summary table: Projected emission reduction s:
A) Project baseline scenario
B) Project activity scenarioa)
C) Effect ( B-A )
D) Cumulative effect
a) Includes indirect GHG leakages.
Summary table: Actual emission reductions :
Year X
* relevant following up figures have not been presented, saving are assume to be at least as
F. Additionality to financial obligations of Parties included in Annex II to the Convention within the
framework of the financial mechanism as well as to current official development assistance flows
Please indicate all sources of project funding.
Category of funding
(For each source one line)
(US dollars)
Loan from NUTEK
Grant from NUTEK for technical assistance
G. Contribution to capacity building, transfer of environmentally sound technologies and know-how to
other Parties, particularly developing country Parties, to enable them to implement the provisions of the
Convention. In this process, the developed country Parties shall support the development and enhancement of
endogenous capacities and technologies of developing country Parties
Transfer of environmentally sound technologies and know-how
Describe briefly
Schematically, the transfer of knowledge involves the following activities over time:
i) Technology transfer through NUTEKs technical specialist during the implementation of the
ii) Technology transfer through cooperation between foreign supplier and local partner
iii) Conferences, seminars, documentation and training.
iv) Stimulate înet-workingî for the exchange or experience between plant owners with
similar problems, e g îbio-clubsî.
technology transfer has taken place through
i) NUTEKs technical specialist support to the local project leader and municipality.
iii) personal from boilerplant has been invited to different seminars and work-shops, documentation
for training has been handed ower
Endogenous capacity supported or enhanced:
Endogenous capacity
(Name of organization1)
Development (DEV) /
enhancement (ENH)
Balvi municipality
The municipality has developped a long-term energy plan for the city
1) Please ensure that detailed contact information for all organizations listed is reported under section
A.2 above .
H. Additional comments, if any, including any practical experience gained or technical difficulties,
effects, impacts or other obstacles encountered
Fill in as appropriate:
1) Any practical experience gained:
2) Technical difficulties: The electrical voltage is only 220 V, which has affected the choice of
electrical components.
3) Effects encountered:
4) Impacts encountered:
5) Other obstacles encountered:
6) Other:
© 2014 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change


text:
February 13, 2007
ORIGINATING OFFICE: Region 5
SUBJECT: Solicitation for Grant Applications - Women in Apprenticeship and Nontraditional Occupations (WANTO) grants, SGA/DFA-PY-06-01
PROGRAM(S): All Programs
1. Purpose. To transmit a Solicitation for Grant Applications (SGA) for awards in support of Women in Apprenticeship and Nontraditional Occupations initiatives.
2. References. Federal Register, Vol. 72, No. 29, February 13, 2007, pp. 6768-6774; Amendment Vol. 72, No. 36, February 23, 2007, 8201-8202; Women in Apprenticeship and Nontraditional Occupations Act of 1992 [Pub.L. 102-530]; 29 U.S.C. 2501; Workforce Investment Act of 1998 [Pub.L. 105-220]; Jobs for Veterans Act [Pub.L. 107-288]; DUNS Number; Circulars A-21, 87, 122; 20 CFR 667.220; 29 CFR Parts 37, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98 and 99; 48 CFR 31; Community Based Organization Information Booklet; Help With Solicitation for Grant Applications; SF-424; SF-424A
3. Links. This Alert is in the Regional Resources website archive at: http://www.doleta.gov/regions/regionalresources/
Link to the Federal Register attachment (.pdf) and the Amendment correcting the number of sections from eleven to eight.
4. Action: State Workforce Agency administrators are requested to share this Information Alert with appropriate staff and other agencies. Eligible applicants, as defined in Part III.A. of the Solicitation, are invited to submit an application on or before April 16, 2007 to the individual named in Part 4.C. of the Solicitation.
5. Contact. Comments or questions about this Solicitation may be directed to James Stockton on 202.693.3335. Comments or questions about the format of this Alert may be directed to Robert Rainault on 312.596.5416.
6. Expiration Date. April 16, 2007
7. Attachments. Federal Register, Vol. 72, No. 29, February 13, 2007, pp. 6768-6774.


text:
Welcome to the Songlines Gig Guide, where you can search and purchase tickets for concerts, tours and festivals in the UK and Ireland. Please refer to the Submit Event page if you would like your event listed.
We aim to provide information that is correct and functioning. Should you encounter any information which is incorrect or links which are not functioning, please let us know by emailing email@example.com.
Cara Dillon
Wednesday, 20 December, 2017
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There was so much stupid over kickoff weekend in the NFL that the law of averages indicated we'd have a lot less stupid in Week No. 2. That indeed was the case, but we still dug up some stupidity for ya'll. Enjoy. The stupidest penalty The San Francisco 49ers probably weren't going to make a comeback and beat the Seattle Seahawks anyway, but Aldon Smith put that far-fetched chance to bed with a silly personal foul on a third-and-28 for the Seattle offense at the end of the third quarter. That gave the Seahawks new life and an automatic first down. Three plays later, they were in the end zone, extending their lead to 19-3. Game over. The stupidest pass interference penalty We didn't get a good replay angle, but I have no idea why Luke Kuechly would grab Stevie Johnson late on this route in the final seconds against Buffalo: There were two deep safeties there, waiting to break up the pass. One of those safeties actually intercepted it, but that was negated by Kuechly's unnecessary penalty, giving Buffalo a fresh set of downs. Two plays later, they'd score the game-winning touchdown. The stupidest performance Geno Smith's three-interception fourth quarter against the Patriots. You kidding me, man? And don't you dare blame the rain. Terrible decisions. The stupidest coaching decision, personnel edition Whoever decided Redskins rookie cornerback David Amerson was ready to be activated for a game, let alone take 51 snaps, screwed up. Amerson's performance against James Jones, Jordy Nelson and the Packers Sunday was magnificently terrible. The stupidest coaching decision, in-game edition With hindsight on their side, some critics are wondering why Buccaneers head coach Greg Schiano attempted a 47-yard field goal instead of punting with a one-point lead late in the fourth quarter Sunday. Tampa was on the New Orleans 29-yard line with just over a minute to play in a low-scoring game. It was either punt to gain somewhere between nine and 28 yards for the defense, attempt the 47-yarder to force the Saints to need a touchdown to win or run a play on fourth-and-three. Punting instead of kicking a 47-yard field goal makes no sense, especially when you consider that kicker Rian Lindell had made 11 of his last 13 attempts from 40-49 yards. But what about going for it? Converting in that situation is about a 50/50 proposition, which might be slightly lower than a field goal conversion, but the field goal wouldn't have ended the game anyway. The punt and the field goal guarantee the Saints will get a shot, and all three scenarios contain the possibility that the Saints will only need a field goal to win on their next drive. But I think you consider that Doug Martin has 144 yards on 29 touches and you find the play in your playbook you're most confident in and you run a play there to try to clinch the victory. Schiano went the field goal route, Lindell missed, and Drew Brees easily got the Saints into field goal range to set up a walk-off kick. Again, this wasn't an easy call, but Schiano should have been more aggressive.
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- Home
- Shop Equipment
- Air & Management
Browse Subcategories
Air Supply and Management
Adding an air compressor to your shop opens a whole world of new possibilities. Not only can you use the air powered version of tools, which are often more powerful, but you can do now apply professional finishes to your projects as well. Eastwood has professional quality compressors from top brands to suit everything from the occasional hobbyist, to the full time, multi-bay repair shop.
We carry all the accessories you could ever need for your air supply as well. We have air dryers, regulators, lubricators, filters, as well as the hoses, reels and quick release ends. We even carry everything you need to plumb your whole shop with air to every work station from one central compressor.


text:
Home > Support > FAQs > Search Result: RKJ100
> KX25, KX49, KX61, KX8 - Remote Basic Setup for Logic Pro
Back to the list
Go to Product Information
Last Update: 09/01/2011
This procedure will require that the KX series controller be connected to your Mac computer via USB and that the following steps have been taken:
1) Ensure that the compatible USB MIDI driver is installed
2) Access the KX Utility Menu and assign the KX's DAW Control option to "Logic Pro"
3) Ensure that the MIDI Select option within the KX Utility Menu is set to "USB"
Steps to take within Logic:
1) Access the Controller Setup Menu. Logic Pro>Preferences>Control Surfaces>Setup...
2) Install a new controller. New>Install
3) Select "Mackie Designs, Logic Control"
4) Assign "Yamaha KX Port 2" for the MIDI "Out Port" and "Input"
Additional functions can be assigned to the KX by using Logic's Controller Assignment Menu. To access this menu take the following steps:
a) Access the Controller Assignments Menu. Logic pro>Preferences>Control Surfaces>Controller Assignments
b) Assign additional functions to the KX assignable buttons. Pressing a button on the KX will select its assignment within the Controller Assignments Menu.
For additional information and procedures related to Logic, refer to you Logic Owner's Manual or contact Logic Technical Support.
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Berkeley DB (libdb) is a programmatic toolkit that provides embedded database support for both traditional and client/server applications. It includes b+tree, queue, extended linear hashing, fixed, and variable-length record access methods, transactions, locking, logging, shared memory caching, database recovery, and replication for highly available systems. DB supports C, C++, C#, Java, PHP, and Perl APIs. It supports key-value pair (NoSQL), SQL, and Java Object formatted data. It is available for a wide variety of Unix platforms as well as QNX, Android, Mac OS X, and several varieties of Windows.
DashO is a Java application obfuscator, optimizer, and packager. It performs a dependency analysis on the application, removing unused methods and fields. Classes and members can be renamed using the patented Overload-induction renaming algorithm. Byte code optimization, control flow obfuscation, and string encryption can also be selectively applied. Special features include analytics for Java/Android/RIM/J2ME including exception reporting, Android obfuscation and tamper protection, and JAR watermarking.
db4o is an object database for Java and all .NET environments. Its features include ACID transactions, automatic class schema recognition, query-by-example, a S.O.D.A. object querying API, native queries, LINQ support on .NET, callback methods, memory files, cascade-on-delete, multi-threaded access, and Java Webstart and servlet support.
Dr. Geo is an interactive geometry program that is distributed as a universal portable application. It allows one to create a geometric sketch and manipulate it according to its constraints. It is usable at home or at school, in primary or secondary education. It is simple and effective with extended features including scripting and programming.
Linphone is an audio and video Internet phone with GTK+ and console interfaces. It uses the SIP protocol, and is compatible with most SIP clients and gateways. It can use various audio and video codecs such as Speex, GSM, G711, G722, ilbc, amr, Theora, H263-1998, MPEG4, H264, VP8, and snow.
ProGuard is a shrinker, optimizer, obfuscator, and preverifier for Java bytecode. It detects and removes unused classes, fields, methods, and attributes. It optimizes methods and removes dead code. It renames the remaining classes, fields, and methods using short, meaningless names. Finally, it preverifies the processed code for Java 6 or higher, or for Java Micro Edition. The resulting code is more compact, more efficient, and more difficult to reverse-engineer. Advantages of ProGuard compared to other Java shrinkers and obfuscators are compact template-based configuration, memory efficiency, and speed. It is mostly popular for embedded development and for commercial development, and is integrated in Oracle's Wireless Toolkit, in Intel's TXE SDK, and in Google's Android SDK.
Frink is a calculating tool and programming language designed to help you in the real world. It tracks units of measurement throughout all calculations and ensures that answers are correct. It converts between systems of measurement, and has a huge library of physical data. It is both a simple calculator for quick calculations and a full-fledged programming language for large tasks. It draws high-quality graphics, handles conversions between time zones, currencies, and historical values of the U.S. dollar and the British pound, translates between several languages, does date/time math, and more.
A Webmail system based on IMAP.
A PHP class to authorize and access APIs using OAuth 1.0, 1.0a, and OAuth 2.0.


text:
UAA Sports Medicine Office
Mailing Address:
3211 Providence Dr.
Anchorage, AK 99508
Physical Address:
Wells Fargo Sports Complex, Rm. 124
2801 Providence Dr.
Head Athletic Trainer
Chris Volk (907-786-1326)
Asst. Athletic Trainers
Kevin Lechtenberg (907-786-6164)
Rachel Butler (907-786-1347)
Head Team Physician
Jeff Moore, MD
Team Physician Emeritus
William G. Mills, MD
Jay E. Caldwell, MD
Team Physicians
Richard McEvoy, MD
Paul Steer, MD
Sports Medicine Consultants
Keith Brownsberger, MD
Leo Bustad, MD
Leslie Dean, MD
Jay Derksen, DM
Mary Ann Foland, MD
Robert Gieringer, MD
Larry Levine, MD
C.J. Little, MD
Nell Loftin, MD
Brett Mason, DO
David McGuire, MD
Jan Nyboer, MD
Elisha Powell, MD
Douglas P.Prevost, MD
Bret Rosane, MD
Greg Stone, DM
George Stransky, MD
Kenneth Swayman, DPM
Tom Vasileff, MD
Judith Whitcomb, MD


text:
December 14, 2007
ORIGINATING OFFICE: Region 5
SUBJECT: Request for Comments - Workforce Information Grants to States Application Instructions for Program Year (PY) 2008; OMB No. 1205-0417
PROGRAMS: All Programs
1. Purpose. To transmit a request for public comment on an Information Collection Request (ICR), which will be submitted to the Office of Management and Budget for review and approval, concerning the proposed revision of the currently approved collection for Workforce Information Grants to States under OMB Control Number 1205-0417.
2. References. Federal Register, Vol. 72, No. 240, December 14, 2007, pp. 71159-71161; Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, 44 U.S.C. 3506 (c) (2) (A).
3. Links. This Alert is in the Regional website Resource page at: http://www.doleta.gov/regions/regionalresources/
Link to the Federal Register attachment (.pdf)
4. Action. Program administrators are request to share this Information Alert with appropriate staff and other agencies, and are invited to comment, on or before February 11th to:
Anthony Dias
Office of Workforce Investment
Employment and Training Administration
Room S-4231
202.693.2784 (voice)
202.693.3015 (fax)
A copy of the ICR will be available on-line or by contacting Anthony Dias on 202.693.2784.
5. Contact. Questions and comments about the ICR may be directed to Anthony Dias on 202.693.2784. Questions or comments about the format of this Alert may be directed to Robert Rainault on 312.596.5416.
6. Expiration Date. February 11, 2008
7. Attachment. Federal Register, Vol. 72, No. 240, December 14, 2007, pp. 71159-71161.


text:
Plastic bags can cause big problems when placed in your kerbside recycling bin, most* councils around the country do not accept them.
Most supermarkets accept plastic shopping bags for recycling, look for the plastic bag recycling collection bin at the front of the store. Torn or damaged reusable 'green bags' that can no longer be reused can also be placed in these collection bins.
Many other types of Soft Plastics (inclucing plastic bags), can now be recycled at selected supermarkets through a scheme run by the REDcycle program. These soft plastics include pasta and rice bags, lolly and biscuit packets, fresh fruit and vegie bags, frozen food bags, magazine and newspaper wrapping, and clean plastic wrap/film. Find your nearest soft plastic recycling location here.
If you don't have a soft plastics recycling option nearby, you can post your plastic packaging to:
RED Group
Attn: Reusable Bag Recycling 38 Chelmsford Street Williamstown North VIC 3016
Plastic Check-out Bags in the Shire of Menzies area
Sorry, there are no businesses listed for you to drop off Plastic Check-out Bags
Pick up locations for Plastic Check-out Bags
6 pick up businesses match your query on Plastic Check-out Bags
Click the link for business details
|Business Name
|Picks up
|RED Group
|To drop off your plastic, please call for your closest ...
|Perth Bin Hire
|We deliver and pick up skip bins and bulk bins, and pro...
|WA (Metro Area Only)
|May apply
|Local Bins
|Pick up is offered on bulk quantities only in south wes...
|WA (Metro Area Only)
|May apply
|eCycleCorp Pty Ltd
|Bulk quantities
|May apply
|REMONDIS Australia Pty Ltd
|REMONDIS collects recycling and waste streams in bins r...
|May apply
|1800-GOT-JUNK? (Australia) Pty Ltd.
|We cover the following suburbs: Armadale Caulfield No...
|WA (Metro Area Only)
|May apply
About plastic checkout bags
- 20 million Australians still use over 3.9 billion plastic checkout bags a year. That's 10 million a day!
- A person's use of a plastic checkout bag can be counted in minutes - however long it takes to get from the shops to their homes. However, plastic bags can take between 15 and 1,000 years to break down in the environment.
- Many marine and terrestrial animals are killed by plastic bags that escape from landfill. The best solution to this problem is to use reusable bags that prevent you using plastic bags in the first place..
Recycling plastic checkout bags
- Plastic bags cannot be placed in most* council recycling bins.
- Over 200,000 plastic checkout bags are dumped in landfills every hour.
- Only 3% of Australia's plastic bags are currently being recycled, despite recycling facilities being available at major supermarkets and retail outlets listed above.
*There are a small number of councils that do accept plastic bags in their kerbside recycling.
Plastic Bags Factsheet
pdf file)
Information about plastic bags, biodegradable bags, handy hints to reduce plastic bag usage and more.


text:
December 20, 2006
ORIGINATING OFFICE: Region 5
SUBJECT: Request for Comments - State Unemployment Tax Avoidance (SUTA) Study Implementation Survey; OMB No. 1205-0NEW
1. Purpose. To transmit a request for comment on a new Information Collection Request (ICR), which will be submitted to the Office of Management and Budget for review and approval, concerning a proposed State Unemployment Tax Avoidance (SUTA) study implementation survey.
2. References. Federal Register, Vol. 71, No. 243, December 19, 2006, pp. 75985-75986; Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, 44 U.S.C. 3506 (c) (2) (A); Social Security Act (SSA) section 303(k); SUTA Dumping Prevention Act of 2004 [Pub.L. 108-295].
3. Links. This Alert is in the Regional website Resource page at: http://www.doleta.gov/regions/regionalresources/
Link to the Federal Register attachment (.pdf)
4. Action. Program administrators are request to share this Information Alert with appropriate staff and other agencies, and are invited to comment, on or before February 28th to:
Kevin M. Culp
U.S. Department of Labor
Employment and Training Administration
200 Constitution Avenue NW
Room N-5641
Washington, D.C. 20210
202.693.3679 (voice)
202.693.2844 (fax)
A copy of the ICR is available from Kevin Culp on 202.693.3679. The ICR will also be available on-line.
5. Contact. Questions and comments about the ICR may be directed to Kevin Culp on 202.693.3679. Questions or comments about the format of this Alert may be directed to Robert Rainault on 312.596.5416.
6. Expiration Date. February 28, 2007
7. Attachment. Federal Register, Vol. 71, No. 243, December 19, 2006, pp. 75985-75986.


text:
« back to first:utility supplier page
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