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Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
On-line version ISSN 1678-4324
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.49 no.3 Curitiba May 2006
Influence of ultrasound on sorbitol release by Zymomonas mobilis grown on high sucrose concentration
Márcio de BarrosI; Maria Antonia P. Colabone CelligoiI, *; Josiane Alessandra VignoliII; Lucia Helena Mendonça VargasI
IDepartamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia; Centro de Ciências Exatas
IIDepartamento de Ciência e Tecnologia em Alimentos; Centro de Ciências Agrárias; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; C. P. 6001; firstname.lastname@example.com; 86051-990; Londrina - PR - Brasil
This work investigated the effect of applying low intensity ultrasound on sorbitol release by Z.mobilis cultures grown on 200 g/L sucrose medium up to 48 h. The best sorbitol production was 36.09 g/L in 36 h culture. Ultrasound irradiation did not alter the sorbitol values detected after disrupting the cells with 20 minutes treatment.
Key words: Zymomonas mobilis; sorbitol, ultrasound
A bactéria Zymomonas mobilis produtora de etanol, produz também vários subprodutos quando crescida em meio de sacarose, entre esses o sorbitol. O sorbitol é produzido pela enzima glicose-frutose oxidorredutase (GFOR) presente no periplasma da bactéria, a função fisiológica da enzima é estabelecer a regulação do equilíbrio osmótico, quando a célula é crescida em meio com altas concentrações de açucares. A enzima produz sorbitol e este é acumulado, como um soluto compatível à alta concentração de açúcar fora da célula. Este trabalho investigou efeito da aplicação de ultra-som de baixa intensidade na liberação de sorbitol de células de Zymomonas mobilis crescida em meio com sacarose a 200 g/L até 48 h de fermentação. A melhor produção de sorbitol foi de 36,09 g/L em 36 h de cultivo. A irradiação ultra-sônica não alterou os valores de sorbitol detectados e o ultra-som levou ao rompimento das células após 20 min de tratamento.
Sorbitol is an alcohol sugar found in nature at high concentrations in various fruits and at lower concentrations in some algae and has applications in confectionary, chewing gums, candy, desserts, ice cream, diabetic foods and a wide range of food products. It is also used in pharmaceutical products, sorbose, ascorbic acid, propylene glycol, synthetic pasticizers and alkyd resins among others (Silveira and Jonas, 2002).
Zymomonas mobilis a gram-negative bacterium discovered in the late 1970s as the fastest and most efficient ethanol producer using sucrose, glucose or fructose as sole carbon and energy sources, has commercial potential for the production of other economically valuable by-products including sorbitol (Doelle et al. 1993).
Sorbitol production by the Z. mobilis occurs through the action of the glucose-fructose- oxidoreductase enzyme (GFOR) present in the bacterium periplasm that simultaneously converts mixtures of glucose and fructose into gluconolactone and sorbitol, respectively Sprenger (1996). Silveira and Jonas (2002) reported that the oxidoreductase enzyme presents an important physiological function for the osmotic regulation of the cell when grown in nutrient medium on high sugar concentrations. The enzyme produces sorbitol which works as compatible solute as its accumulation is linked to high sugar concentration outside the cell. Concomitantly with sorbitol accumulation, an exponential phase of cellular growth was observed by Loos et al. (1994) in their studies using high glucose and other sugar concentrations.
As sorbitol accumulated is excreted from the cell, an alteration in the cell membrane permeability may improve the release of this product. The application of low intensity ultrasound could interfere in the membrane permeability accelerating the transfer of substances and promoting cell growth and propagation. This indicates that ultrasound has a promising application in fermentation engineering (Lanchun et al. 2003).
Products of economic interest, such as proteins, enzymes, polyols and others, when stored inside the cells, lead to reduced production efficiency. Sinisterra (1992) reported that application of ultrasound irradiation to microorganisms caused cell damage or rupture, due to transitory acoustic cavitation or create micro currents that favored mass transfer through the membrane/cell wall by the stable cavitation. The use of ultrasound to release biomolecules has been reported by various authors with biotechnological application (Vargas et al. 2004; Levinia et al. 2000; Mason et al. 1996 and 2000).
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of culture time on sorbitol production by Z. mobilis in high sugar concentration, and the effect of ultrasound on the release of sorbitol to the culture medium.
Microorganism and Fermentation
The microorganism used in this study was the Zymomonas mobilis ATCC29191 preserved in medium containing (g/L): glucose 100; yeast extract 10; (NH4)2SO4 2; KH2 PO4 3; Mg SO4.H2O 0.3; peptone 0.5 and FeSO4 0.2. Medium for fermentation was 200 g/L sucrose supplemented with salts above mentioned.Batch fermentations were carried out in 250 mL erlenmeyer flasks with 50 mL fermentation medium at 30ºC without agitation for times 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 h. The inoculum was standardized at 0.2 g/L. The process was monitored by quantifying the biomass, sugar consumption and sorbitol production
Reducing sugars (RS) and total reducing sugars (TRS) were quantified by the cupro-arsenate method of the Somogy (1945) and Nelson (1944). Total reducing sugars were determined after hydrolysis by 0.1N HCl according to Amorim (1982). Glucose was used as the standard sugar. Biomass was determined after centrifugation of the fermentation medium. The cells were re-suspended in NaCl solution at 0.9% (w/v) and the optical density was read at 605 nm. Sorbitol concentration was analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a refractive index detector and HPX aminex column (8 um, 300 x 7.8 mm), at 55ºC using ultra pure water as eluent at a flow rate of 1mL/min.
Culture ultrasound irradiation
After defining the best sorbitol production time, ultrasound irradiation was applied using an ultrasonic Processor 20 kHz, model GE 130 PB/70W (Sonics and Materials) equipped with a 9.5 mm diameter probe-type wave guide. Acoustic power was manually controlled below 40 W, and the waveguide probe immersed at a depth of 2cm in 50 mL of culture medium with continuous irradiation. After irradiation for different periods (0, 10, 20 and 30 minutes) at amplitude 40 W, the samples were centrifuged at 8000 g for 20 min under refrigeration. The sorbitol content was determined in the supernatant. Cultures without treatment were used as control in the experiments (time 0).The irradiated and control cells were stained by Gram and observed by an optical microscope Nikon, model Labophot 2H III.
Statistical analysis of the results
The means of the sorbitol results and the ultrasound effect were compared by the Tukey test at level of 5% probability.
The influence of culture time on sorbitol production and the cell growth in the different periods was analyzed and the results shown in Table 1.
As shown in Table 1, there was a significant increase in cell production up to 24 h but after 24 h no increase in the cell concentrations were observed. Highest sorbitol production occurred in the 36 h culture period with a production of 38.09 g/L sorbitol, presenting a productivity of 1.34 g.L.h-1 that was not statistically different from the 24 h time period. In the 48 h fermentation period, there was a significant drop in sorbitol production and the value of 20.22 g/L did not differ statistically from that of 18 h.
Martinez et al. (1998) assessed sorbitol and glycolic acid synthesis by the GFOR enzyme of Z. mobilis and concluded that the time at which the enzyme presented most conversion activity of the substrate to sorbitol was close to 36 h and that beyond this period the enzyme activity remained constant. Barros et al. (2002) also studied the Z.mobilis grown on 200 g/L sucrose medium treated with and without yeast invertase at different time periods and also obtained the best sorbitol production in the 36 h in both media. Cells growth was highest at 24 h but after this time the growth ceased.
The effect of time on the sorbitol production by Z. mobilis is shown in Fig. 1.
To verify whether all the sorbitol produced by Z. mobilis was released into the extracelular medium, the 36-h culture with the highest sorbitol production was subjected to ultrasound irradiation for different time. Apparently there was no statistically significant differences in the concentration of sorbitol present in the medium after applying ultrasound. This to the conclusion that all the sorbitol produced and that accumulated intracellularly was excreted in the medium after the 36 h culture period. The results are presented in Table 2.
Amorim, H.; Zago, E. A. and Oliveira, A. J. (1982), Novos métodos analíticos para controle da fermentação alcoólica. Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiológica: Séries Manuais Técnicos e Científicas. São Paulo. pp. 58. [ Links ]
Barros, M.; Vignoli, J. A.; Schiabel, V. C.; Buzato, J. B. and Celligoi, M. A. P. C. (2002), Produção de sorbitol por Zymomonas mobilis em meio de sacarose pré-tratado com invertase. Semina: Ciências Exatas e Tecnológica, 23, 89-92. [ Links ]
Doelle, H. W.; Kirk, L.; Crittenden, R. and Toh, H. (1993), Zymomonas mobilis - Science and industrial application. Critical Review in Biotechnology, 13, 57-98. [ Links ]
Lanchun, S.; Bochu, W.; Liancai, Z.; Jie, L.; Yanhong,Y. and Chuanren, D. (2003), The influence of low - intensity ultrasonic on same physiological characteristics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Colloids and surfaces, 30, 61-66. [ Links ]
Levinia, M; Rubinstein, M. H. and Rabaji-Siahboomi, A. R. (2000), Principles and application of ultrasound in pharmaceutical powder compression. Pharmaceutical Research., 17, 257-265. [ Links ]
Loos, H.; Voller, M.; Rehr, B.; Stierhof, Y. D.; Sahm, H. and Sprenger, G. A. (1991), Localization of the glicose-frutose-oxidorreductase in wild type and overproducing strains of Zymomonas mobilis. FEMS Microbiol. Letters, 84, 211-216. [ Links ]
Silva-Martinez, M.; Haltrich, D.; Novalic, S.; Kulbe, K. D. and Nidetzky. (1998), Simultaneous enzymatic synthesis of gluconic acid and sorbitol. Appl.Biochem. and Biotechnol., 72, 863-868. [ Links ]
Mason, T. J.; Paniwny K. L. and Lorimer, J. P. (1996). The uses of ultrasound in food technology. Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 3, 253-260. [ Links ]
Nelson, N. (1944). A photometric adaptation of the Somogyi method for the determination of glucose. Biochemistry, 153, 375-380. [ Links ]
Nidetzky, B.; Fürlinger, M.; Gollhofer, D.; Haug, I.; Haltrich, D. and Kulbe, K. D. (1997). Simultaneous enzymatic synthesis of gluconic acid and sorbitol: Production, purification, and application of furctose-oxidurredutase and gluconolactonase. Appl. Biochem. and Biotechnol., 63-65, 173-188. [ Links ]
Silveira, M. M. and Jonas, R. (2002). The Biotechnological production of sorbitol. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 59, 400-408. [ Links ]
Sinisterra, J. V. (1992), Application of ultrasound to biotechnology on overview. Ultrasonic, 30, 180-185. [ Links ]
Somogy, M. A. (1952), A new reagent for determination of sugar. J. Biol. Chem., 160, 61-68. [ Links ]
Sprenger, G. A. (1996), Carbohydrate metabolism in Zymomonas mobilis: a catabolic highway with some scenic routes. Microbiol. Letters, 145, 301-307. [ Links ]
Vargas, L. H. M.; Pião, A. C. S.; Domingos, R. N. and Carmona, E. C. (2004), Ultrasound effects on invertase from Aspergillus niger. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 20, 137-142. [ Links ]
Received: September 09, 2004;
Revised: January 13, 2005;
Accepted: February 03, 2006.
* Author for correspondence


text:
Yesterday, while remembering those that made the ultimate sacrifice, we also remembered that in a free society we must tolerate those that sacrifice good taste.
Nice little play pen they got there, what, no sandbox? And with only 3 females(?) present, at least they won't breed.
The KKK confronting the Westboro haters, I guess the local chapter of the nazi party was at a Bar Mitzvah. When even the semi looney groups think you are "out there", it might be time to recalibrate your beliefs.
I like how the local police cordoned off the fringe groups into manageable areas, no doubt designed for their protection (notice that none of those 3 lady types would venture within swinging distance of the railing? They may be crazy but they are not stupid).
Standing in front of them with the American flags was a nice touch, but next time Westboro come for a visit, cordon off their cage with a big white canvas, with something appropriately written on it like ,"God loves American soldiers and fags, but he is not too keen on haters".

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Having problems with your Dyson Vacuums ?
DC07 cuts out and stops after about 1 minute's use. It will restart after being left for c. 5 minutes. It seems, therefore that it must be overheating, but an independent electrician could not find any problem.
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Your hot air popper model WCP-830 HI there! I bought & returned my 1st HAP because it could have gone on for 10 minutes & it still wouldn't pop all the corn! The 2nd one was definitely related to the 1st one!!! I didn't find the receipt until today which is past 90 days. Having the one year warranty on it, what do I do now? Thanx & Cheers! Lisa
... Vacuums
I have an animal dyson. The front nose dives into the carpet when moving the dyson in the forward motion, fine when pulling back. A huge amount of effort is required to move it forward. Took it to a technician and he said he could find nothing wrong. He had only short nap carpet for test. Works fine on short nap, if the carpet nap has any lenght to it like shag, the dyson severly nose dives. It's like the nose is sucked into the carpet. This problem just occured after the wife used the ho
... Dyson DC07 Animal Bagless Upright Cyclonic Vacuum


text:
Ask a Law Question, Get an Answer ASAP!
We have just responding to all questions on the Form E. The initial hearing happened in January. The next hearing is set for May.
10 years together
5 years married
I just need to know if we can request council records given we believe he has a property instead of claiming he is homeless.


text:
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Originally posted by Lysergic
I don't know if I could say anything that can help you, but I remember my first, I was so stuck on that # forever man. Thought it was going to be the one already. lol some # that is, no soulmates... for me atleast.
Just this hollowed out callused shell that gets thicker with each passing day.
Originally posted by Lysergic
lol oh #, please don't let it be a guy.
Originally posted by Lysergic
a boy hahaha woo!
I could see how this could turn into a mirror thread of the 1 DaRage started...
If I turn gay in June... lol.
Originally posted by QuestForSafety
I am glad to hear you have realized you are in love. It must be nice.
Do you think first love is more special for some reason? Which is why you have so many thoughts about the past of him. I wonder, and what reason for this would there be, maybe just the mind remembers the first love...
So she was the first woman you ever loved in your life?
Originally posted by m0rbid
I think what makes the first love so "special" is the fact the, most of us, were such innocents at that time...
(Besides the fact of being special in the way every first experience is special, I mean)
[Edited on 17-2-2004 by m0rbid]


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- Moved from Talk:Matter stream
I know that in TOS, the transporter beam has a "suspended subject" effect--i.e., the people going through are "frozen", and thus presumably could have no idea that they've been transported, except for the transporter sound effect which begins slightly before the actual "freeze" takes place, or of course once they notice that their surroundings have changed. This is somewhat evidenced in TOS: "A Piece of the Action" when Tepo is beamed to Oxmyx's office and is none the wiser for at least three or four seconds after the transport.
However, from Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan onwards, the "suspended subject" effect no longer took place, with people being able to move around and talk while in the transporter beam (probably due to some movement-compensation technology apparently developed somewhere around the late 2270's). Which begs the question: due to this, do people actually see some sort of noticeable effect while being transported? This would be somewhat consistent with what we've seen (such as in Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home, when Kirk beams Dr. Taylor aboard the HMS Bounty, and she screams the whole way due to the presumably strange feeling of being beamed for the first time--if this was a "suspended subject" model of transporter, that presumably wouldn't have happened). Another example would be TNG: "Realm of Fear", where the screen capture shown at the top of the episode summary shows a definite blue-sparkle effect that is presumably encountered by transporter subjects.
But, with that in mind, all of this begs the question: in episodes such as TNG: "Homeward", where a bunch of people, who would never have experienced a transporter before, are transported from the surface of a planet to a holodeck--yet they presumably didn't notice anything had happened. (One could imagine the chaos that would ensue if a whole village was suddenly experienced a visible, bright blue effect in front of their eyes.) Possibly the movement-compensation effect can be switched off so that the old "suspended subject" effect remains? Or maybe all the villagers in "Homeward" were asleep at the time of transport? (I don't know, I didn't actually see the episode yet, though I have read the summary here.)
Just curious, has this subject ever been addressed either in Star Trek canon, or in some sort of "pseudo-canon" reference material? – 22.214.171.124 23:07, 2 October 2008 (UTC)
- Well, If I recall correctly the people in Homeward were transported while sleeping. Given that in canon we saw the transporter from a First person perspective that you can see yourself being transported. However As you pointed out Piece of the Action someone didn't know - but that was older transporter technology. I'm going to speculate that the reason you now see the transporter effect is because of concerns about unauthorized transport. If you can see it then you'd know...as for Film 4 - I would say that a Klingon transporter doesn't care about safety and you can feel it - and is different from a Federation transporter. — Morder 23:23, 2 October 2008 (UTC)
- In "The Schizoid Man", Troi is aware at least before rematerialization is complete. I dunno about during the rest of the matterstream. Compared to people who have experienced it many times, maybe people who aren't experienced with being transported are less aware that something is happening or what it is that's happening. --TribbleFurSuit 01:56, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
- Ah, I get it now--yeah, if the people in "Homeward" were transported while sleeping, that would definitely make sense. As for the older transporter technology though--I don't think it would have to do at all with the fact that the transporter used in Film 4 was Klingon or because of concerns about unauthorized transport. It would simply seem logical that without a "suspended subject" effect, the subject would actively be able to notice that something is happening to them (whereas with a suspended subject, the person would effectively be in stasis for the duration of the transport and thus wouldn't even be aware of what's going on in the meantime). Thus, the difference in perception would be directly tied to whether or not the transporter in use contains the partiular technological advancement that compensates for motion while in transport. – 18.104.22.168 20:14, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
- But then in Star Trek Insurrection, the crew of an entire ship are beamed to a holoship without noticing. – The preceding unsigned comment was added by 126.96.36.199 (talk).
- That's why Data, Picard, and Gallatin created the little light show on the bridge to cover it. Also, consider that the ship they were using to do the transporting was purposely designed for mass transport of pre-warp peoples; I would surmise that it was designed with "suspended subject" transporters to facilitate this. That would in fact line up with what we saw in the scene where the Son'a were transported (which was shown from their perspective): the lights got really bright, then suddenly they went back to normal, and boom, they're on the holoship. That would be consistent with a "suspended subject" transporter. And since the Federation has used "suspended subject" transporters for years (ENT, TOS, TMP), we definitely know they have the ability to put those on the ship, even if it means just using an old TOS transporter (though more likely they would have just designed a special version of the latest Mark VII transporter). -Mdettweiler 10:53, March 20, 2010 (UTC)


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HPD Latest News
Three arrested for alleged robberies
Three suspects, a 17-year-old boy and two 18-year-old men have been arrested for robberies that allegedly happened earlier this month. The incidents occurred between the fourth and last week Wednesday near Ala Moana. The three complainants were two women, ages 61 and 79, and a 59-year-old man. HPD officers located the suspects yesterday around 2:07 p.m.


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on my doorstep this week...Strawberry Fields Revisited, by Fig Tree & Company.
I'll be sewing along with this year Fat Quarter Shop Crossroads quilt along, and my fabric kit for the sew-along arrived this week. The first block patterns will be available February 15th, but since the next few weeks are going to be busy I thought I'd get a head start.
You can get fabric requirements now if you're going to use your own yardage, but I must say that I love the way the kit is put together this year. Cutting instructions are provided by the fabric rather than by the block, so your fabrics come in larger pieces. For me this means less waste and more scraps!
I also love that you get to make each block out of different fabric combinations...I actually have the blocks finished now that are shown in the photo below, and I loved being able to chain piece all four blocks at the same time.
You can get more information about the quilt along here. I'll see you back on February 15th for this one!
Also...I had ordered a little bit of Strawberry Fields Revisited for my shop...
I have one Fat Quarter Bundle available as well as some yardage from one of my favorite prints (US shipping only).
I also started two Valentine's projects this week (now normally I don't do a lot of Valentine's sewing, but I just fell in love with Sweetwater's First Crush collection and couldn't stop sewing with it)...
I'll be sharing these soon!
Hoping to get a lot of scrappy sewing finished up in the next few days with the long weekend here...have a wonderful weekend!
PS Congratulations to Crickets Corner who is the winner of the $25 gift certificate from Lou Lou's Fabric Shop (I've just sent you an email).


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news & tips
A collection of helpful articles on teachers and teaching
The Power of Student Blogging in the Classroom
Anyone can publish their thoughts and ideas with the whole world as their audience, the incredible potential of the Internet and blogging is undeniable. The problem is how to get people to make use of that potential. Or more specifically, how can you make use of that potential in the classroom? What are the benefits of introducing blogs into your curricula?
From a teacher's point of view it's simply easier, more effective and more accessible. It contributes to a paperless environment, allows the use of multi media presentation and permits access to class work by parents and administrators to monitor progress and make comments. It allows for student work and lessons to be easily archived for future reference. And as blogger Tom Whitby points out administrators should be using the power of the blog as a way of connecting with teachers, parents and other administrators to share ideas and communicate their vision and intentions.
For students, born and raised in the information age, blogging just comes naturally. It's engaging and rewarding and encourages students to take pride in their work. A student writing for a potentially global audience is much more likely to take their writing and research seriously, and motivation is increased by receiving feedback from people other than just their teachers. It also gives them the opportunity to learn how to conduct themselves responsibly when communicating with others in cyberspace; if they don't, their peers will quickly take them to task. Blogging is an effective means of helping students to find their own voice. But perhaps most importantly, it's just plain fun.
Let's look at a few examples of how teachers are using this useful tool:
- This is a great example of an interactive blog created by a teacher for her fourth grade classes. As you can see it's chock full of fun and interesting things to learn and take part in. The same teacher also created this online book club for her students to discuss their assigned reading.
- Here's an example of a collaborative effort involving students from Texas, California, Australia and Korea in a cultural exchange. The first steps in an emerging global learning community.
- A book review blog page by Chloe, a 4th grader with very good writing skills, and comments from her peers. How often do you see enthusiasm jump off the page like this in a traditional written book report?
- High school biology students created this award winning page. You can see how the blogging medium engages students to excel and produce a highly professional finished product.
- And blogs aren't just for the primary grades. Here's a link to some student blogs from Auburn University. And even postgraduate students are utilizing blogs, which might be invaluable in the job market.
Setting up a blog is easy and free with almost unlimited online resources, design and technical support. Considering today's computer literate student, every classroom should be benefitting from the power of the blog.


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When Nokia announced its latest Symbian Belle phones last week, the company emphasized that all three devices support Near-Field Communications (NFC) technology that enable the devices to be used as payment methods and mobile wallets at point of purchases: if retailers support the technology, they can just wave their phones near point-of-sales terminals and approve the transaction—depending how users have things set up, payments might come off a credit card, out of a bank account, or get appended to a user's phone bill. NFC technology can also be used to transfer contact and calendar information between proximate devices and has significantly applications for gaming and social sharing.
Nokia's Symbian operating system might be going the way of the dodo—eventually—but the company is planning broad NFC support across future Symbian handsets. Nokia told NFC World all future Symbian smartphones will support NFC technology, and the company will also extend NFC support to users of the current Nokia C7 phones.
Symbian phones should have universal NFC support by mid-2012.
The move could be a smart one for Nokia: Symbian phones are still the company's bread and butter, particularly in emerging markets. Although NFC is facing some resistance from retailers, payment processors, and consumers in developed markets like North America, it's seen as broadly applicable to markets like India and China.


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The groups wrote:
The Durbin Amendment was tacked onto the Dodd-Frank Act at the last minute… without any hearings or analysis, and was sold on the promise of delivering lower prices to consumers. A so-called exemption was supposed to 'protect' small community banks and credit unions from the law's harmful price controls. The Durbin Amendment has not delivered on any of these promises, providing benefits only to retailers, and must be repealed.
In addition to driving up the cost of banking services, the groups pointed out that the Durbin Amendment has also slowed innovation, presenting "one of the leading obstacles to the development of a low-cost, highly functional mobile banking platform that could provide not only essential financial services for millions of low-income and young consumers, but also their first step toward full financial inclusion."
Echoing the groups' sentiments in an American Banker op-ed yesterday, Rep. Randy Neugebauer (R-Texas) added that consumers have seen almost none of the price decreases promised by the retail lobby. He wrote:
While consumers wait for the promised cost savings to come their way, what they have received is an adverse impact on their options for banking services. The very consumers the amendment was intended to help are losing at both ends of the transaction.Neugebauer recently unveiled his own separate piece of legislation – H.R. 5465 – to roll back the Durbin Amendment.
Read the letter.
Read Neugebauer's op-ed.


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Direct Line at Highest Since IPO Amid Asset Sales TalksSarah Jones
Direct Line Insurance Group Plc rose to its highest level since its initial public offering in 2012 after the U.K.'s biggest home and motor insurer said it's in talks to sell its German and Italian operations.
The stock rallied 5.1 percent to close at 299.4 pence in London as the insurer also said it will pay a special dividend of 10 pence a share in addition to increasing the interim dividend 4.8 percent to 4.4 pence.
Italy and Germany "are great businesses, have got strong positions and perform well, but there is a question whether they might be worth more to someone else," Chief Financial Officer John Reizenstein said on a conference call today. "We have decided to explore potential disposals of the operations and discussions are taking place with a number of parties."
Reizenstein said the talks came after a strategic review of the international unit in the first half of the year, adding that it wasn't about cash flow or dividends. He didn't provide details about the price at which the units in Germany and Italy may be sold.
The units are valued at about 427 million pounds ($719 million), RBC analyst Gordon Aitken wrote in an e-mailed report to clients from London.
No Certainty
Direct Line, in which Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc sold a first stake in an IPO in October 2012, is the latest British insurer to explore asset sales abroad. RSA Insurance Group Plc has raised more than 600 million pounds from asset sales in eastern Europe, Canada and China this year while Aviva Plc has reduced the markets it operates in to 17 from 28 in 2011.
Direct Line's international unit contributed 13.4 million pounds to the insurer's operating profit of 249.1 million pounds in the half year, the statement showed. That's down 4.3 percent on the previous year.
Disposals are "sensible given these businesses should be worth more to an insurer with an established motor presence in these markets," Aitken said. "We would expect the proceeds to be passed back to shareholders in the form of a special dividend."
Goldman Sachs Group Inc. is advising the insurer on the potential disposals, according to two people with knowledge of the discussions. Direct Line said in the statement that there was no certainty that a sale would occur.
The insurer said its on track to meet its cost-saving target of about 1 billion pounds this year after reducing costs by another 5.4 percent in the first half to 496 million pounds.
Gross written premiums from continuing operations fell 5.1 percent in the period to 1.87 billion pounds. Premiums for U.K. motor coverage declined by 9 percent in the first half, while prices declined by an average 2 percent in the second quarter.
The stock has rallied 20 percent in 2014, the best performer on the FTSE 350 Nonlife Insurance Index.
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I'm going to post this video in the thread, again:
I'm going to post this video in the thread, again:
I don't need Penn and Teller to tell me what words mean.
Read the fucking thing for yourself. It's right there on the initial image:
A well regulated militia,
Being necessary to the security of a free state,
The right of the people to keep and bear arms,
Shall not be infringed.
Funky ass comma placement, but I can only read that one way. I have never seen a proper defense for a liberal (LOL, see what I did there?) interpretation of the 2nd. Even my least favorite SCOTUS justice agrees with me, or at least admits there is wiggle room for us to agree.
I don't have to think. I only have to do it, the results are always perfect, and that's old news.
Every single reference to the right to bear arms, in the history of mankind, has referred to it as an individual right. The Founders themselves viewed it as an individual right, as did all of the classical liberal philosophers before them. The first legal reference to the right to bear arms was in 17th century England, and it referred strictly to an individual right. The US Constitution refers to it as an individual right. Every state constitution refers to it as an individual right. And every foreign constitution that has ever included the right to bear arms, has also referred to it as an individual right.
This "it only means the military can own guns" is completely unfounded and not based in facts.
Last edited by Masark; 2012-11-16 at 06:02 PM.
General Off-Topic Forum Moderator
Quite frankly most technical companies will take someone with real life experience (i.e. military or similar) before they take someone with a degree that basically only shows they read and wrote reports.
cause education involves things like critical thinking, communication, logic, etc. its certainly possible to do well in the world without those things, of course.Im trying to figure out how significant this is. I never went to college. i served my country in the military, got out and got a very good job designing, installing, and maintaining radio systems at US embassies and consulates which can, and have assisted in the protection of American life and property...all without a college degree, and i make more money than most people i went to school with, some of whom still live at home with their degree.
Quite frankly most technical companies will take someone with real life experience (i.e. military or similar) before they take someone with a degree that basically only shows they read and wrote reports.
(I'm not disrespecting the work you did for the US at all, I respect it a lot. I'm just saying in terms of employment that's what it is).
I don't have to think. I only have to do it, the results are always perfect, and that's old news.
"A strong body makes the mind strong. As to the species of exercises, I advise the gun. While this gives moderate exercise to the body, it gives boldness, enterprise and independence to the mind. Games played with the ball, and others of that nature, are too violent for the body and stamp no character on the mind. Let your gun therefore be your constant companion of your walks." -Thomas Jefferson
"One loves to possess arms, though they hope never to have occasion for them. " -Thomas Jefferson
"We established however some, although not all its [self-government] important principles . The constitutions of most of our States assert, that all power is inherent in the people; that they may exercise it by themselves, in all cases to which they think themselves competent, (as in electing their functionaries executive and legislative, and deciding by a jury of themselves, in all judiciary cases in which any fact is involved,) or they may act by representatives, freely and equally chosen; that it is their right and duty to be at all times armed" -Thomas Jefferson
"No freeman shall ever be debarred the use of arms." -Thomas Jefferson
"They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety." -Benjamin Franklin
"To model our political system upon speculations of lasting tranquility, is to calculate on the weaker springs of the human character." -Alexander Hamilton
"The advantage of being armed which Americans possess over the people of almost every other nation...(where) the governments are afraid to trust the people with arms." -James Madison
"To suppose arms in the hands of citizens, to be used at individual discretion, except in private self-defense, or by partial orders of towns, countries or districts of a state, is to demolish every constitution, and lay the laws prostrate, so that liberty can be enjoyed by no man; it is a dissolution of the government. The fundamental law of the militia is, that it be created, directed and commanded by the laws, and ever for the support of the laws." -John Adams
"Before a standing army can rule, the people must be disarmed; as they are in almost every kingdom in Europe. The supreme power in America cannot enforce unjust laws by the sword; because the whole body of the people are armed, and constitute a force superior to any band of regular troops that can be, on any pretence, raised in the United States. A military force, at the command of Congress, can execute no laws, but such as the people perceive to be just and constitutional; for they will possess the power, and jealousy will instantly inspire the inclination, to resist the execution of a law which appears to them unjust and oppressive. " -Noah Webster
"Who are the militia? Are they not ourselves? Is it feared, then, that we shall turn our arms each man gainst his own bosom. Congress have no power to disarm the militia. Their swords, and every other terrible implement of the soldier, are the birthright of an American...The unlimited power of the sword is not in the hands of either the federal or state governments, but, where I trust in God it will ever remain, in the hands of the people." -Tench Coxe
"Shall be too firmly fixed in the saddle to be overthrown by anything but a general insurrection. If raised, whether they could subdue a nation of freemen, who know how to prize liberty, and who have arms in their hands?" -William Symmes
"Whereas, to preserve liberty, it is essential that the whole body of the people always possess arms, and be taught alike, especially when young, how to use them; nor does it follow from this, that all promiscuously must go into actual service on every occasion. The mind that aims at a select militia, must be influenced by a truly anti-republican principle; and when we see many men disposed to practice upon it, whenever they can prevail, no wonder true republicans are for carefully guarding against it. " -Richard Henry Lee
"Guard with jealous attention the public liberty. Suspect every one who approaches that jewel. Unfortunately, nothing will preserve it but downright force. Whenever you give up that force, you are ruined. " -Patrick Henry
"O sir, we should have fine times, indeed, if, to punish tyrants, it were only sufficient to assemble the people! Your arms, wherewith you could defend yourselves, are gone...Did you ever read of any revolution in a nation...inflicted by those who had no power at all?" -Patrick Henry
"When the resolution of enslaving America was formed in Great Britain, the British Parliament was advised by an artful man, who was governor of Pennsylvania, to disarm the people; that it was the best and most effectual way to enslave them; but that they should not do it openly, but weaken them, and let them sink gradually...I ask, who are the militia? They consist of now of the whole people, except a few public officers. But I cannot say who will be the militia of the future day. If that paper on the table gets no alteration, the militia of the future day may not consist of all classes, high and low, and rich and poor..." -George Mason
"The people are not to be disarmed of their weapons. They are left in full possession of them." -Zacharai Johnson
"The whole of that Bill of Rights is a declaration of the right of the people at large or considered as individuals...It establishes some rights of the individual as unalienable and which consequently, no majority has a right to deprive them of. " -Albert Gallatin
"Conceived it to be the privilege of every citizen, and one of his most essential rights, to bear arms, and to resist every attack upon his liberty or property, by whomsoever made. The particular states, like private citizens, have a right to be armed, and to defend, by force of arms, their rights, when invaded." -Roger Sherman
*Mimes jerk off motion*
A nice list of logical fallacies. In picture form!
Not to discount our veterans, but they are given preference because they are more likely to be loyal to the company (as they were to their country). That's pretty much it.
And of the veterans who are unemployed, the majority of that sect were either drafted or joined the military because they had no other outlet. If you're drafted, you're essentially going into infantry. If you're joining the military because you couldn't get a job doing anything else, you're going into the infantry. In either situation, you don't usually acquire any skills that are valuable outside of general labor.
I'd like to see that graph amended to show the amount of people over 25 that still live with their parents or other relative.
Last edited by jmt; 2012-11-18 at 12:42 AM.


text:
Two Grade 12 students from Danforth Tech have invented a watch that tracks vital signs and can summon help in an emergency.
Andre Bertram and Frank Nguyen created a health technology start-up for their watch-like device, called the HeartWatch. Bertram says their invention is different from other emergency devices.
- Wearable technology: Canada emerging as a global leader
- Apps for monitoring seniors health: 5 things you need to know
- Smartphones tested as tools for medical research
"Many people can dial 911 and hit talk. But sometimes you're in denial as to whether or not something's actually wrong, and that's the difference. Our system uses technology to show that you are in trouble so that it takes away that need for your medical knowledge," he said.
The 24/7 device monitors a user's blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen levels and does ECG readings so that it can predict if someone will have a heart attack.
Nguyen's concern for his mother's heart condition inspired him to create the device.
"I don't know what she's doing at home and she is unwilling to call for EMS unless there is something that says you actually need help."
In her home in Toronto's Jane and Finch neighbourhood, Nguyen's mother Lan couldn't be more proud of her son's accomplishment.
"He said, 'this is very, very special. And when you have it and I am away, I'm not worried about you,'" she said.
They will show their creation to Premier Kathleen Wynne and Prince Edward on Tuesday as they meet with other technology founders at an event for young entrepreneurs.
Bertram and Nguyen are working with Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital to refine the tool and hope to see it around the world.
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text:
Second Thoughts: Game #100 Twins 11, Indians 0
Player of the Game: Scott Diamond (9 innings 3 hits 0 ER 0 BB 6 SO)
The Leadoff
Coming into the game having just beaten the American League MVP and Cy Young Award winner in Justin Verlander, the Indians made Twins left-hander Scott Diamond look like a Cy Young candidate himself, getting embarrassed and losing to Minnesota 11-0 on last night. The ballgame itself would be decided in just the first inning, when Justin Morneau crushed a 3-run homer off struggling Indians starter Josh Tomlin, losing in his third consecutive start.
With the MLB trade deadline fast approaching, this very well could have been Tomlin's last start as a member of the Tribe and their big league roster. The right-hander who led the Indians in wins just one season ago now owns a 5.87 ERA.
The Bottom 9
- Was it Tomlin's last start as an Indian? After leading the Tribe with 12 victories last season, the Indians and Tomlin sit at a crossroads. Do they make a trade for another starter and option him to Triple-A Columbus? Or should they try and make him a long reliever by inserting him into the bullpen? My guess is this will be the last time we see Tomlin as a member of the Tribe starting staff for a while. I really believe Indians ownership will have no choice but to make a deal for another starter after watching Tomlin's performance on Friday.
- Offense? Diamond left the Indians hitters guessing throughout the entire game last night. The lefty would go onto pitch a three-hit complete game shutout, the first of his Major League career. Let's not forget about Diamond's bid for a Perfect Game as well, where Travis Hafner would break up the no-no with a base hit with one out in the fifth inning.
- Losing to the AL's worst team. For a team pushing to get back into the American League Central race, a loss to the AL's worst team in the Twins certainly doesn't help. Having just taken two out of three from division rival Detroit, and climbing back in the playoff race, the Indians took a huge step backward now needing to win the final two games of the series if they want to make up ground. Just an inexcusable loss for the Tribe last night in all aspects of the game.
- 1st inning struggles continue for Tomlin. What is it about Tomlin and the first inning? The Indians right-hander now owns a horrific 12.38 ERA in the first inning, giving up 22 earned runs in just 16 innings. His ERA in the first frame last season: 1.38. Over his last three starts, Tomlin has also given up two, two-run homers and one three-run shot before his team comes to bat. Hard for an offense like the Indians to make any sort of comeback after being down by an early deficit as we saw yesterday.
- Loss against another lefty. There's not much left to say about the Tribe and their struggles against left-handed starting pitching. The team is now 10-21 against southpaws this season.
- Josh Willingham...what if? Wow, would Josh Willingham look good in an Indians uniform. He sure made his point to the Tribe on Friday night slamming a three-run homer in the fourth inning, his 26th home run of the season. We can give David Dellucci a three-year contract back in 2007, but we couldn't give Willingham one. Unbelieveable.
- Early deficit. Like I referenced earlier, it's hard for any team (let alone the Indians) to make a comeback being down a quick three runs early. This is just not the way the Tribe is built to win. They need their starters to eat up innings, give them quality starts and win ballgames 4-3, 2-1, or 3-2. Cleveland has only scored double-digit runs in two games in the month of July.
- Hitters 1 thru 5. Yes, the Indians offense struggled to do much of anything last night, but hitters 1-5 (Shin-Soo Choo, Asdrubal Cabrera, Jason Kipnis, Michael Brantley and Carlos Santana) went a combined 0-for-16 against Diamond yesterday. I don't care if it's the Tribe or Yankees, anytime your first five hitters in a lineup can't produce, you are just not going to win.
- Kipnis homerless streak. We all have been Kipnisses this season, and excited for the bright future that is ahead for the Indians second baseman, but he has tailed off in some sorts in power numbers. It's hard to believe, but Kipnis has not hit a home run in all of July, where his last one came way back on June 17 against Pittsburgh. For a player who was once leading the Tribe in homers, Kipnis has remained in a power outage.
The Top Moment
An argument can be made that there were not any highlights or top moments for the Indians in an 11-0 loss, but I did notice just one thing. With two scoreless innings against Minnesota on Friday, recently called-up Tribe reliever Cody Allen still has yet to give up an earned run in the big leagues. The young 23-year-old has now given up just one hit through his first 5 1/3 innings of work in the Major Leagues.
Closing Time
With the Tribe loss and a White Sox win yesterday, the Indians (50-50) now sit 4.5 games in back of Detroit in the Central Division, tied for their largest deficit so far this season. Before the Boston Red Sox traded Kevin Youkilis to Chicago, it was rumored that Cleveland had interest in the former Red Sox All-Star as well. The framework of a deal could never be worked out, as the Tribe was unwilling to part with one player the Red Sox wanted: Josh Tomlin.
Up next for the Indians: Cleveland will try to avoid losing the first two in the series on Saturday, as it will be Justin Masterson (7-8, 4.12 ERA) vs. Sam Deduno (1-0, 3.94 ERA) at 7:10 pm. Masterson will look to build on his last start against Baltimore, where the Tribe ace went 7 1/3 innings giving up just one run on seven hits, walking one and striking out six. The last time he faced Minnesota was back on June 3rd, where he went six innings giving up three runs and earning the tough loss. The Tribe has never faced Deduno, who will be making his fourth career start in the big leagues.
Follow Jim on Twitter @JBirdman27 or he can be reached via email at firstname.lastname@example.com.
User Comments
The Tribe could try addition by subtraction bringing in a cpl pieces by moving CPerez or Choo but it would have to be for now talent. I believe we will see them moved, but likely not until this offseason for MLB ready talents. In the past wk CPerez has been linked to the Giants, while Choo has been scouted by the Rangers. The tribe is also linked to Shields and Headley as well, CA is looking to make moves for now and the future.
FC Hernandez will be back in a cpl wks with a fresh arm and a new start. He could be invaluable to this club over the next 2+ mths.


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Discussion in 'The Black & White Gallery' started by D3sh1, Mar 12, 2008.
Good portrait here - nicely caught!
Those look like the glasses I was forced to wear in 3rd grade!
Great shot! I love everything you've been posting recently. So much emotion and texture and they all make me want to hear the story behind the subject.
I love it.
Tell me, do you know this man or did you just see him and ask to take a pic?
rob , i take street photography the most ,
90% of the portraits and the black and white pictures i post are pictures that was taken while i was traveling at the streets ,
this guy i met him while taking pictures one friday with my friend ,he was siting on a bench all alone with his 2 dogs and singing ,
we went to him and told us stories about his old dogs and how he got the dogs and more stuff .
after that i just asked to take a cuple of pictures of him and he didnt mind
Separate names with a comma.


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So, at the height of the Dead's electric blow your mind experience - they go acoustic. How cool was that? The first 'unplugged' of sorts. Keep in mind, Bobby was 'fired' for playing too acoustically - and then they go acoustic and play their first sets of 1970 unplugged. And, by 1971, Bobby (IMO) starts to really shine as the amazing rhythm player we now know. That acoustic stuff (as well as Working Man's Dead and American Beauty) really opened the door (and still does) to a lot of folks who wrote the Dead off (unjustly) as weird acid rock (I thought they were a heavy metal band for years until college, lol). Anyways, it'd be cool for Further to do an acoustic set - I don't think I've ever heard John K. play acoustic - would you'd be cool with that?
Yeah man !Staemius wrote: I don't think I've ever heard John K. play acoustic - would you'd be cool with that?


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Home > ResourceBlog > Article
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Sunday, 23rd September 2007
The German Wikipedia, Trusted Editors, and Past Comments
RS Correspondent Pete Weiss directed us to this post about the German language version of Wikipedia, "restritcing instant editing to allow "trusted editors" to look over the content before it appears online. According to the article, the change to this new model will come later this year and perhaps become part of other versions of Wikipedia if the response is positive.
We would like to share a few comments.
1) This new set-up for the Wikipedia in German reads very similar to what Larry Sanger's Citizendium is doing (amongst other things). Sanger is a co-founder of Wikipedia with Jimmy Wales. Like we've said before, perhaps Citizendium is something the info professionals should support as one large group. Here are links to two of many interviews (#1) with Mr. Sanger. #2
2) We would have liked to have learned who these "trusted" editors are going to be. Will they be Wikipedians who qualify (if so, how?) OR will they be "trusted" experts in a particular area of knowledge, perhaps from academia? Also, will these editors have a say in what gets an entry in the first place? We've seen several and heard even more stories about some some content making it into Wikipedia, while other content does not receive an entry or requires people to people to jump through hoops to get an entry. Of course, the issue about what does or does not deserve an entry in the first place is another discussion for another time.
Btw, if you would like to compare, here's a list of the members of Encyclopaedia Britannica's editorial board. How often will they make changes? For example, many of Intute's Virtual Training Suite tutorials are written and edited by educators, and directories like LII, InfoMine, and IPL have written collection development policies.
3) Is this a new idea ("trusted editors") either in Germany or elsewhere? No, it's not. Three years ago next month, Jimmy Wales was quoted in Red Herring saying that editors to review content were coming.
Wikipedia's [Founder] Mr. [Jimmy] Wales has said that next year he will begin using editors to review the web site's content for accuracy and allow users to rate contributions to the encyclopedia for their quality. 'It's complex because it's a social community, and feelings can be hurt,' said Mr. Wales, but he added that the change will be critical when Wikipedia content is put on more permanent media, such as CD-ROM disks."
3) It's well-known to many "reference geeks" that historic editions of of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (9th and 10th editions) had signed articles on various topics written by top scholars of the time. For example, the article about Yosemite was written by John Muir. Here's a list of Nobel Prize Winners (Albert Einstein is one) who have contributed to EB.
5) In June, 2007 the New York Times reported that Wikipedia would make a few entries at that point only available for editing by people who were registered with the site for 4 days. Here's are several lists of protected entries as of today. Here's an example of a semi-protected article.
6) Finally, during a December, 2005 interview on National Public Radio, Wales said, correctly, that material on the Internet (including Wikipedia) should be taken with a grain of salt. Perhaps putting it another way (our view), know about and use more than one resource. We've pointed out before that Mr. Wales is on perfect target with this statement. However, the issue arises that with the degree of popularity that Wikipedia has, what can be done and does Wikipedia need to play a role, to remind users of its founder's comment? Sure, as info pros we know how and where to access OTHER resources. The question is, do others know what else is available and how to access it? Is there, as some have suggested, another information divide among those who just go with what they find -- i.e., the first few Google search results (and disregard Mr. Wales' comment about taking Internet material with a grain of salt?) -- and those with more sophisticated research skills? Whether or not that's the situation, it's a critical time for info pros to be a part of the conversation.
Shirl's comments:
In my household, we've come to terms with the Wikipedia. Generally speaking, we like it and we use it a lot to answer fast questions or quell sudden attacks of intellectual curiosity. It's quite good for technical topics and popular culture and, as number two son points out, many, many articles provide useful bibliographic references and external links that take you to additional information.
Something we especially like is how quickly articles are updated when something of significance happens -- e.g., a famous person dies. Number two son noticed that when there was a "leak" earlier this week about the proposed new design for the local baseball team's uniforms, the relevant Wikipedia article was updated before this information appeared on either of the two local newspapers' websites.
All of that being said, of course we're not talking about a scholarly resource here. As my son explained to me, about doing research, "I would never actually use a fact that I found in there without checking it someplace else." As Gary knows, my younger son is hardly a typical Internet user. After all, he's grown up with a mother who worships at the Church of Information Literacy.
But the actual moral truth -- which we preach all the time here -- is that information professionals are needed because of resources like the Wikipedia, not in spite them.
See Also: Comments on Search Engine Land
We learn from the comments section that if you edit 500 or more items during a three month span you automatically become a trusted editor. However, that can be taken away.
See Also: Law Professor Predicts Wikipedia Will Fail in Four Years
When Professor Goldman talks or writes, it's worth reading.
See Also: "We should continue to turn our attention away from growth and towards quality."
--Jimmy Wales, August 4, 2006.
Stats: Currently Wikipedia (English version) has 2,016,576 articles.
On August 4, 2006 Wikipedia had aprrox. 1.2 million articles.
All Article Categories »
All Archives »


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Mom Corps Offering Flexibility Through Franchising
In tough economic times, Mom Corps provides experienced professionals and displaced workers a flexible, career alternative through its new franchise arm
Jan 23, 2009, 08:00 ET from Mom Corps
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The franchises, which will allow Mom Corps to expand beyond its current
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CONTACT: Caroline Evans, Marketing Manager 888.438.8122 x113 firstname.lastname@example.com
SOURCE Mom Corps


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I was not a huge fan of Ingrid Bergman until recently. After watching a number of her early films, I'm beginning to truly appreciate her talent. INTERMEZZO is her English speaking debut and she's wonderful in it. Even at the age of 24, there's something about her that's mesmerizing. How she manages to make this overcooked melodrama watchable is a tribute to her depth as an actress. She's the only reason to sit through this trite and ridiculous romance. She's radiant, intelligent, funny and makes you believe that Leslie Howard is sexy and interesting. Not an easy task. Yes, his character is a very talented musician and we're all familiar with the model/rock star thing, but still...the fact that a young woman with her obvious assets would actually fall in love with someone like him is pretty hard to swallow. That you're happy she's found love, a miracle. Which is not to say that Howard is unattractive or untalented, he's just lacks the sex appeal of a Grant or Gable.
There's not much to the story of INTERMEZZO. Leslie Howard is a world-famous violinist with a wife and family who stay at home while he tours the world. Upon his most recent return, he is introduced to his 6-year-old daughter's piano teacher, played by Bergman. He thinks nothing of her until she plays at his daughter's birthday party. Her talent and beauty take him by surprise. He falls for her completely after a night at the symphony where they accidently meet. After some champagne and a long walk, it's obvious there's more between them then mere friendship. For less than admirable reasons, he invites her to be the accompanist on his upcoming tour. She doesn't want to give up her studies, but her heart won't allow her to say no. They try to keep their affair quiet, but when she resigns and attempts to leave town, his wife knows all to well why. They leave on tour together, despite the familial repercussions. They have great success, but it's apparent their stolen love can't last forever. They part as they must, but tragedy follows him on his road to redemption.
"I wonder if anyone has built happiness on the unhappiness of others."


text: On Tuesday 18 November 2008 19:51, Lai Jiangshan wrote:> fdtable and sysipc use vfree() in RCU callback. this patch> introduce vfree_atomic() for them.AFAIKS, vfree is usable from atomic context? What am I missing?Actually, one could argue that we don't want to perform suchcostly operations in the atomic context, however with lazyunmapping, vfree is very cheap now (amortized, at least).But it should be much cheaper on average not to schedule this inanother context.If there was any concern about the TLB flush from atomic context,we should just defer the lazy flushing, rather than every singlevunmap.


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Juventus midfielder Paul Pogba will not make a decision on his future until after the World Cup, according to his agent Mino Raiola.
Pogba has enjoyed a superb season with the Bianconeri, notching eight goals in all competitions having firmly established his place in Antonio Conte's first-choice midfield alongside Andrea Pirlo and Arturo Vidal.
Paris Saint-Germain have long been linked with a big-money move for the 21-year-old, while Real Madrid have also been credited with an interest, but Raiola has made it clear Pogba's future will not be settled until after France's campaign in Brazil this summer.
"My priority is always the same: to look after the players I represent," Raiola was quoted as saying by Tuttosport.
"Between now and the World Cup, nothing will happen. Everything you speak of - a renewal or a possible transfer - will be carefully assessed, but only after Brazil.
"Pogba is happy with Juve, just as Juve are glad to have Pogba. He still has a contract in Turin until 2016. There is no rush, no urgency. For now, Pogba will not go.
"I say for now he will not go, because if one day a crazy offer for him comes in, we would assess it together.
"We will evaluate everything after the World Cup: any offers from other clubs, as well as proposals to renew his contract at Juventus. Everything is postponed, as Juventus know. I repeat: there are no problems of any kind."
Raiola was eager to stress that Pogba's sole focus is on securing silverware this season, both in Serie A and in the Europa League.
"At this moment, the boy is thinking about playing, about winning the Scudetto and the Europa League," the agent added.
"Pogba is bursting with motivation. He wants to win everything with Juventus, here at the end of the season, and then go to the World Cup with France - an amazing achievement for a phenomenal guy who only a year ago won the World Under-20 championship."


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Bust yields 1,400 plants at two sites –
By Patricia Beech –
An ongoing investigation by local authorities has culminated in the discovery of two multi-million dollar marijuana grow operations.
The state-of-the-art marijuana grow sites were shut down late Thursday night, July 21 by the Adams County Sheriff's office. Deputies seized 1,400 marijuana plants in what was described as a large commercial operation like those found in Colorado or California.
"I've seen bigger grows with more plants in fields," said Sheriff Kimmy Rogers, but this operation is the most professional I've ever seen."
The plants were found at two different sites owned by Steve Eury, 41, and his wife Justice, 33. The Eurys were arrested Friday morning and charged with the illegal manufacture of drugs. They are being held in the Adams County Detention Center on $150,000 bond each.
The People's Defender was the first to break the news online as investigators finished dismantling the operations located on Mayhill Road near Peebles and on State Route 348 in southern Adams County.
Deputies removed dozens of commercial grow lights as well as air-filtering and air conditioning systems from the underground facility on Mayhill Road.
"We've hauled truckload after truckload of stuff out of here," said Rogers.
The grow operation was located beneath an immense two-story, six-bay block garage and could only be accessed through a vaulted door which Eury refused to open for authorities.
Deputies entered the building by blasting through a wall using a Bobcat with a jackhammer attachment. The plants inside were described as high-quality with resin-covered buds,
"I've never seen plants like those," said Deputy Mark Brewer, "The smell was overwhelming."
Agents from the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) estimated the site would have generated $4 million a year.
The smaller, second underground grow site, located near 348 PreCast near Wamsley was also sealed behind a vault-like door and was accessible only by elevator.
"Both of these grows were very sophisticated operations," said Rogers.
The investigation into the extent of Eury's operation is ongoing.


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