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May 20, 2004
Tenth Incat enters cross-Channel service
SpeedOne fast catamaran service commenced yesterday across the English Channel between Dover, England, and Boulogne in France. It is the first ferry service to Boulogne in several years. The 86 m SpeedOne is Incat hull 045. It made history in 1999 when it was chartered by the Royal Australian Navy as HMAS Jervis Bay. Its operations during the East Timor crisis drew the attention of the worldwide military to the potential of high speed catamarans in various military roles.
The Australian-built high speed cat crosses the Dover Strait in 50 minutes making five return trips each day in a year-round service for a new operating company, SpeedFerrries.
SpeedOne is the tenth Incat built high speed catamaran operating on the English Channel to ten, with all the fast ferries operating out of Dover being Incat vessels.
Since it served as HMAS Jervis Bay between 1999 and 2001, Incat 045 has also operated fast ferry services between the mainland and islands of Italy.
The fast wavepiercer has a capacity of 200 cars. Its the original passenger capacity of 900 passengers has been reduced to around 700 to allow additional facilities to be incorporated for passenger comfort. The vessel has a top speed of 50 knots and service speed of over 40 knots


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|Method of reusing stripping compounds
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The present application is a continuation-in-part of PCT International Application No. PCT/US02/02106, filed on Jan. 25, 2002, and which designated the United States; the present application also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/264,068, filed on Jan. 26, 2001. The present application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/308,084, filed Dec. 3, 2002, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/633,264, filed on Aug. 4, 2000, now abandoned. The disclosure of all of the above-referenced applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to coatings for gypsum board products, and the production thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to the composition of coatings for gypsum board products, and methods of producing the coatings and applying the coatings in one continuous gypsum board manufacturing process.
2. Discussion of Related Arts
In the discussion of the related art that follows, reference is made to certain structures and/or methods. However, the following references should not be construed as an admission that these structures and/or methods constitute prior art. Applicants expressly reserve the right to demonstrate that such structures and/or methods do not qualify as prior art against the present invention, if appropriate.
The product density and surface type and finish of traditional gypsum board products are manufactured to have a desired strength and appearance while minimizing product weight and costs. Generally, calcined gypsum slurry is agitated in a mixer with aqueous foaming agents and deposited onto a conveyor carrying a facing sheet. A backing sheet is applied over the slurry and the wet gypsum board product is formed to the desired thickness between forming rollers. The wet gypsum sets during the conveying process, is cut to the desired length, and is dried by passing the gypsum board product through a drying oven.
Coatings for gypsum board products may be used to impart surface homogeneity and improved surface appearance, both in the manufactured condition and after a decorative coating has been applied. An example of a previously known two-step manufacturing method for coated gypsum board products is disclosed in Australian Patent Application No. 19322/92, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. A surface coating is applied to the facing sheet and dried before the gypsum is applied to the facing sheet in the gypsum board manufacturing process.
An alternative method for applying a coating utilizes a separate coating process subsequent to the manufacture and drying of the gypsum board product. U.S. Pat. No. 6,105,325, issued to Zuber et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses prefabricated elements, preferably flat prefabricated elements such as gypsum fiberboards, cement fiberboards, cement wallboards or plasterboards, comprising a sheet of lining paper and a plaster body, wherein the structure and/or the external surface of the prefabricated elements is substantially homogenous with the composition of a jointing material, e.g., a sealing coat, a joint coat and/or a joint-pointing coat, in its dry state, to obtain an overall surface having one or more physical characteristics, including color or shade, which are substantially homogeneous in virtually the entire overall surface, including in the region of the visible outer face of the joints.
According to U.S. Pat. No. 6,105,325, in addition to the color or shade, at least any one of the following physical characteristics is substantially homogenized between the flat prefabricated elements and the jointing material, namely: the surface appearance, including reflectance; the absorption of surface water; and decoloration or coloration under the effect of natural light.
In the above processes, the coating imparts desirable aesthetic qualities including surface coloration, reflectance, and absorbency. However, the methods are capital intensive, requiring separate and dedicated production facilities in which to apply the coating and suffering inefficiencies by not being part of a larger in-line production facility.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an efficient system for manufacturing a gypsum board having a high quality finish.
The present invention provides a coated gypsum board which can be produced in one continuous gypsum board manufacturing process. Such gypsum board can be made either with paper on both sides thereof, paper on one side thereof, or without paper on either side thereof. Further, such gypsum board coatings may be applied to wet gypsum board prior to drying.
In an exemplary embodiment, a coated gypsum board comprises a gypsum core having a first side and second side and a facing sheet disposed on the first side. A coating is disposed on at least a portion of the facing sheet and at least a portion of the coating penetrates into the facing sheet and/or the gypsum core. In an additional embodiment, the gypsum board further comprises a backing sheet on the second side of the gypsum core. In one aspect, the coating may penetrate into the gypsum core to a substantially uniform depth across an area of the gypsum board. A gypsum board with such a coating exhibits a nail pull value of greater than 80 pounds.
In a method of producing a coated gypsum board, a gypsum slurry is deposited to form a wet gypsum board, a coating is applied to the wet gypsum board, and the wet gypsum board is dried. The coating can be applied directly to the gypsum core or to a facing sheet applied over the gypsum slurry. When the coating is applied to the gypsum board prior to drying, the coating can penetrate into the facing sheet and/or the gypsum core and forms a coating that is up to 30 mils in thickness.
In one exemplary embodiment, the coating has a composition of 25-75 vol. % water, 30-70 wt. % calcium carbonate, 0-30 wt. % fillers, 2-10 wt. % latex emulsion, and 0-10 wt. % other additives. Fillers can comprise one or more of mica, talc, clay and limestone. 2-8 wt. % perlite can be added to the coating to form a lightweight product and pigment can also be added in an amount effective to provide a desired tint to the coating.
In a further embodiment, a coating to be applied to a gypsum board has a composition of 10-60 vol. % water, 50-90 vol. % calcined gypsum; 0.1-10 vol. % binder; 0-50 vol. % limestone; 0-10 vol. % clay; 0-30 vol. % other fillers; and 0-10 vol % additives. Fillers can comprise one or more of mica and talc. 2-15 vol. % perlite can be added to the coating to form a lightweight product and pigment can also be added in an amount effective to provide a desired tint to the coating.
In one exemplary embodiment, the coating to be applied to a gypsum board is a joint compound or a diluted joint compound.
An exemplary method of making a wall includes depositing a gypsum slurry to form a wet gypsum board having a gypsum core, applying a coating to the wet gypsum board, and drying the wet gypsum board. The step of applying the coating occurs prior to the step of drying the wet gypsum board. The coated gypsum board is then fastened to a support structure to form the wall and the seams between adjacent coated gypsum boards are taped and finished using a joint compound having a composition substantially similar to the composition of the coating.
Aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments thereof in connection with the accompanying drawings in which like numerals designate like elements and in which:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the invention including a coated gypsum board with a coating applied to a facing sheet.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the invention including a coated gypsum board with a coating applied to the gypsum core.
FIG. 3 is a schematic of an embodiment of a production line incorporating a coating step prior to drying a gypsum board.
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of the coating step showing a coating machine.
Although the description herein may from time to time refer to a wallboard, a ceiling tile, a ceiling board, or a gypsum board, in each case, the concepts of the present invention may be applied generally to wallboards, ceiling boards, or ceiling tiles.
As used herein, the following physical characteristics are defined as follows:
the reflectance factor of the overall surface, including that of the visible outer face of the joints, is between 70% and 80%, and preferably between 72% and 76%, for a wavelength of 457 nm;
the decoloration or coloration of the overall surface, including that of the visible outer face of the joints, has a color deviation (delta E*) at most equal to 3 after exposure for 72 hours to a source of UV radiation arranged at 15 cm from the surface and having a wavelength at least equal to 290 nm; and
the surface water absorption of the overall surface, including that of the visible outer face of the joints, is not less than 60 minutes.
Generally, gypsum board is installed during construction on surfaces such as wall, ceilings, and the like, in edge abutting engagement. After affixing the gypsum board to the surface with suitable attachments (e.g., nails, screws, epoxy, and so forth), the seams and/or artifacts from the attachments (e.g., depressions from nails, nail heads, screw holes, and so forth) are covered with a coating to present a uniform and smooth finish. For seams, said coatings can be used in combination with tape. The coating material is sometimes referred to as joint compound.
Coatings for use in the gypsum board industry can be of one of two types. In a first type, the coating is applied and the evaporation of water over time produces a hard coating. In a second type, the coating is applied and allowed to set for a suitable time during which the components of the coating solidify into a hard gypsum-based coating.
A coating of either of the first type or the second type can be applied to one side of a gypsum board (e.g., applied to a facing sheet or directly to a gypsum core) during the manufacturing process to form a coated gypsum board. The selection of the coating can be made such that the coating of the coated gypsum board substantially matches the coating or joint compound intended to be used to cover the seams and/or artifacts of attachment associated with the affixing of the coated gypsum board to a structural support. In one embodiment, the coating is a diluted form of the coating or joint compound.
Conventionally, one side of the gypsum or plaster board is covered with a sheet of paper which has a dark color which can vary between a grey color and a chestnut color, since it is composed of cellulose fibers which have not undergone any particular purifying treatment. Traditionally, this so-called grey paper is obtained from unbleached chemical pulp and/or from mechanical pulp, and/or from thermomechanical pulp and/or from semi-chemical pulp. By mechanical pulp, it is usually meant a pulp obtained entirely by mechanical means from various raw materials, essentially wood, which can be provided by salvaged products originating from wood, such as old cardboard boxes, trimmings of kraft paper and/or old newspapers. Thermomechanical pulp means a pulp obtained by thermal treatment followed by a mechanical treatment of the raw material. By semi-chemical pulp is meant a pulp obtained by eliminating some of the non-cellulose components from the raw material by means of chemical treatment and requiring a subsequent mechanical treatment in order to disperse the fibers. As used hereinafter, this type of paper is referred to as grey paper.
The other side of the board is covered with a sheet of paper of a color generally lighter than the grey sheet. To obtain this lighter color, the layer or layers of this face are based on chemical pulp, if appropriately bleached, composed of recycled and/or new cellulose fibers, and/or on mechanical pulp, if appropriately bleached. By chemical pulp is meant a pulp obtained by eliminating a very large proportion of the non-cellulose components from the raw material by chemical treatment, for example, by cooking in the presence of suitable chemical agents, such as soda or bisulphites. When this chemical treatment is completed by bleaching, a large part of the colored substances is eliminated, as well as the substances which risk decomposing by ageing and giving unpleasant yellow shades associated with the presence of, for example, lignin.
Plasterboards similar to Example 5 of document EP-A-0 521 804 are assembled by means of a conventional sealing joint, for example a joint coat sold under the registered trade mark of "PREGYLYS"® of PLATRES LAFARGE. The upper web of the lining of the board is obtained from 65% bleached synthetic cellulose fibers and 35% talcum, and is covered with a pigment layer comprising, as mineral filler, 85% by weight of CaSO4, 2H2O in the form of needles of a length of between 3 and 5 μm and, as a binder, 10.3% by weight of styrene-butadiene copolymer.
The sealing joint subsequently receives a thin layer of a joint-pointing coat according to the invention, having the following composition: 50 to 85% by weight of calcium carbonate, grain size from 5 to 35 μm, as a mineral filler; 2 to 12% by weight of a binder comprising polyvinyl acetates and acrylic acid esters in aqueous dispersion; 0.5 to 3% by weight of a silicone derivative as a hydrophobic agent; 0.1 to 0.9% of a cellulose derivative of the methylhydroxyethylcellulose type; 0.1 to 0.6% of a slipping agent of the attapulgite type; 1 to 12% of another silicate derivative as an additional slipping agent; 0.1 to 5% of a polycarboxylic acid ammonium salt as a dispersant; 0.001 to 0.015 of an iron oxide as a pigment; 0.1 to 0.3% of a preparation of N-fonroles and isothiazolinones as a biocide; 0.1 to 0.3% of a conventional anti-foaming agent; water up to 100%.
The weight percentages given are in relation to the total weight of the coat, unless indicated otherwise. For comparison requirements, standard boards conforming solely to French standard NF P 72-302 and not comprising the above-defined upper web and pigment layer are assembled by means of a joint coat for a plasterboard of the range of coats "PREGYLYS"®, sold by the Company PLATRES LAFARGE. The characteristics of the two overall surfaces thus formed are compared by applying the following tests:
(A) Degree of whiteness or reflectance factor R obtained according to standard NFQ 03038 with a wavelength of 457 nm. This degree represents the percentage ratio between of a reflected radiation of the body in question and that of a perfect diffuser under the same conditions.
(B) Surface water absorption: A drop of distilled water of a volume of approximately 0.05 cm3 at 23° C. is deposited on the surface. It is important that the drop be deposited and not allowed to fall from a variable height which consequently would crush it to a greater or lesser extent, thus falsifying the result. The duration in minutes represents the surface absorption of the tested area.
(C) UV radiation resistance obtained by exposing the overall surfaces, in a cabinet comprising eight high pressure mercury vapour lamps, each of 400 watts, to a wavelength which is not less than 290 nm. The surfaces are maintained at a distance of 15 cm from the lamps and at a temperature of 60° C. for 72 hours. The color deviations delta E* are measured on a spectrocolorimeter according to the standard DIN 6174 at an angle of 8°, illuminant D65 as a bright specular, included in the system L*, a*, b*, in which L* is the luminance, a* represents the transition from green to red, and b* represents the transition from blue to yellow. A point E* in this system, the said point being a function of L*, a*, b*, defines the colorimetry of a sample and the deviation is measured in relation to a reference point. In general terms, a color deviation beyond 2 becomes discernible to the naked eye.
The results of the tests (A) and (B) are collated in Table I and those of the test (C) are collated in Table II below.
|Overall surface according
|Standard overall surface
|to the invention
|Reflectance R (%)
|Board: 50 to 60
|Board: 72 to 76
|Coat: 65 to 85
|Coat: 72 to 76
|Absorption (min)
|Board: 50
|Board: >=60
|Coat: 15
|Coat: >=60
This shows that the overall surface is clearly more homogeneous than that of an assembly according to the conventional technique. Moreover, the more homogeneous absorption time of the overall surface makes it possible to use a paint having less covering capacity than that necessary with traditional boards and coats and is also beneficial to the painting operation.
|Before Exposure
|Initial Measurements
|of the board
|a* = −0.43
|a* = −0.03
|b* = 4.64
|b* = 3.13
|Initial measurements
|of the joint
|a* = 0.73
|a* = 0.50
|b* = 5.28
|b* = 3.60
|Board/Joint color deviation
|Board/Joint color
|delta E* = 7.87
|deviation delta E* = 1
|Exposure to UV for 72 hours
|Measurements of the board
|after exposure
|a* = 0.69
|a* = −0.91
|b* = 12.93
|b* = 7.40
|Color deviation delta E* =
|Color deviation delta E* =
|8.56; very substantial
|4.36; substantial
|yellowing plus chestnut spots
|Measurements of the
|joint after exposure
|a* = 0.91
|a* = 0.50
|b* = 3.83
|b* = 3.19
|Color deviation delta E* =
|Color deviation delta E* =
|2.32; slight yellowing plus a
|0.67; very slight color
|few chestnut spots
This table shows that the color deviation before exposure to UV is much slighter for an overall surface according to the invention than for an overall surface such as is obtained traditionally.
This table also shows that the change in the color deviation after exposure to UV is much less pronounced in the overall surface according to the invention than traditionally. In fact, the color deviation before exposure and after exposure must be as little as possible, so that the overall surface does not give the impression to the naked eye of being spotted or being covered with zones of different shade and brightness. This is not possible with an overall surface obtained by means of traditional plasterboards and products, but the very slight deviation of the overall surface according to the invention makes it possible to mitigate this disadvantage.
An embodiment of a coated gypsum board 100 is shown in FIG. 1. A gypsum core 105 is disposed between a backing sheet 110 and a facing sheet 115. A coating 120 is disposed on the facing sheet 115. An alternative embodiment of a coated gypsum board 200 is shown in FIG. 2, in which a coating 205 is directly disposed on a gypsum board 210. It should be clear that any combination of facing sheet and backing sheet may be utilized in practicing the invention. In cases where one or more sheets have been removed, the coating may be applied directly to the gypsum core with attendant penetration of the coating into the gypsum core.
The coating is evenly applied onto the surface of the gypsum board (e.g., applied to the facing sheet, if used, or directly to the gypsum core) to a uniform thickness t that is preferably not sensitive to surface irregularities. A typical thickness t for the coating is up to 30 mils, preferably from 3-20 mils, and more preferably from 5-15 mils. The preferred thickness can be dependent on the ultimate application. For example, for wallboards, the thickness t is preferably 10 mils; for ceiling tiles it is 20 mils. Furthermore, thicknesses outside of these ranges may also be contemplated by the present invention. However, a coating of approximately 30 mils or greater may result in cracks and grazing of the surface finish when dried. Accordingly, thicker coatings should be used carefully.
In embodiments in which the gypsum board has a facing sheet, the coating may penetrate into at least a portion of the facing sheet and, in some cases, all the way through the facing sheet and into sections of the gypsum core, over at least a portion of the gypsum board. In one embodiment, the coating may penetrate into the gypsum board over substantially the whole of the area to which it is applied, i.e, the whole gypsum board, or predetermined portions if selected regions of the gypsum board have been coated.
The depth of penetration of the coating can be influenced by the relative moisture level and/or degree of set of the gypsum board, although the coating preferably penetrates into the gypsum board to a substantially uniform depth. In the cross-sectional view as shown in FIG. 1, the coating 120 is shown to have penetrated into the facing sheet 115 and into the gypsum core 110 to a depth d. In other cases, i.e., where the moisture content is lower or the gypsum is in a state of more advanced set, the coating only penetrates a certain depth into the facing sheet. In one embodiment of a gypsum board with a facing sheet, the depth of penetration into the gypsum core is from about 5 mils to 20 mils, preferably from 10 mils to 15 mils. In embodiments of a gypsum board without a facing sheet, the depth of penetration is from about 5 mils to 30 mils, preferably from 10 mils to 20 mils.
A method of producing a coated gypsum board is shown in FIG. 3, in which a flow chart of a coated gypsum board manufacturing line is depicted. The general manufacturing steps 300 include mixing 305 the gypsum slurry and forming 310 the gypsum into a desired shape, cutting 315 the gypsum into the desired dimensions, followed by coating 320 to form a gypsum board product and then drying 325. Setting of the gypsum occurs primarily between the forming step 310 and the cutting step 315. The manufacturing steps from forming 310 to cutting, inclusive, are herein described as the forming and setting line; the steps following cutting 315 are herein described as the coating and drying line.
Starting at the forming and setting line, a formed, coated gypsum board is manufactured. In a first embodiment, a gypsum core is coated on a first surface with a coating while the gypsum core is wet. In alternative embodiments, the gypsum board has a facing sheet and/or a backing sheet and is coated on a first surface, e.g., on the facing sheet surface, with a coating while the gypsum core is wet. For purposes of this application, a gypsum core is considered wet at any time during the manufacturing process before the gypsum board is passed through the drying oven.
To control the setting time of the gypsum core, the components of the gypsum board can be adjusted, by, for example, controlling the quantity of accelerator and the retarder used in the composition of the gypsum slurry. The accelerator includes small crystal-like objects which are coated with a starch or other dissolvable substances. As the coating on the starch or other dissolvable substances is dissolved, the accelerator crystals form a starting point or seed for crystal growth of the gypsum. Retarder is preferably added to the gypsum board components in order to delay the set time of the gypsum core. The retarder has no long term effect on the strength or other characteristics of the final board product.
It is desirable to delay the set time under certain circumstances so that the gypsum slurry does not set earlier than desired. For example, if the gypsum slurry begins to set in the mixer, inefficiencies result, such as blocked and/or clogged apparatus with attendant down time for maintenance and/or repairs. In addition, if the slurry sets beyond the mixer but prior to forming, forming of the slurry may cause the crystal structure to be disrupted during the setting process, which can result in a weaker final board product. Accordingly, accelerator and retarder may be used singularly or in combination to adjust the set time of the gypsum to achieve a desired set or hardness at a desired time in the manufacturing process.
After forming, the gypsum board is conveyed by a conveying system along the forming and setting line to a cutting position. The conveying speed and distance are chosen in combination with the set time of the gypsum to result in gypsum having a desired set or hardness for subsequent cutting and manipulation. Cutting is accomplished by a cutting machine, as is conventionally known in the art. After being cut, the gypsum board is turned over and placed on a conveying surface and transported to a coating and drying line. Where the gypsum core has a facing and/or backing sheet, the manipulation of the gypsum board results in placing the backing sheet in contact with conveying surface and exposing the facing sheet.
On the coating and drying line, the gypsum board, with or without the facing and/or backing sheet, is conveyed by the conveying means through coating machinery, which is located prior to the drying apparatus. FIG. 4 schematically depicts an in-line coating process 400. The coating machinery 405 is positioned over the conveying path 410 of the gypsum board 415. The conveying path typically includes a conveying belt 420 on which the gypsum board to be coated has been placed, although other suitable conveying paths can be used, such as driven and nondriven rollers. An uncoated and wet gypsum board 425 is passed under the coating machinery 405 and a coating is applied via a coating applicator 430. The coated gypsum board 435 is then conveyed to the next manufacturing steps, if any, and is then dried in, for example, an oven.
The coating can be applied using traditional coating machinery, such as a curtain coater. An example of a curtain coater is that provided by Hymmen International, which can be custom designed to adapt to a particular production line or manufacturing facility. The curtain coater provides a continuous curtain of the coating through which the wet gypsum board is passed. Alternative coating machinery may include sprayers, such as nozzle or shower sprayers, drip lines, and atomization techniques. An example of a spray technology is that provided by Graco, Inc. using spray tips suspended over the wallboard line. Another alternative method is a blade technology that scrapes the coating mix on to the surface of the gypsum board, i.e., on the surface of the gypsum core or the facing sheet. In yet another embodiment, the coating can be applied using one or more rollers.
Coatings may be applied to the gypsum board under any condition of set of the gypsum. For example, the coating can be applied before oven drying, thus allowing the coating to penetrate into the wet facing sheet and/or the wet gypsum core during the conveying period. After coating, the coated gypsum board is dried and then prepared for storage and shipping. Alternatively, the coating can be applied after drying where, for example, the coating is heat sensitive or penetration into the facing sheet is to be minimized.
Coatings can be applied to the whole surface area of the gypsum board, or to predetermined portions thereof. In the latter, predetermined portions can be so designated by, for example, masking the gypsum board to prevent coating of the designated sections or by adjusting the coating machinery to only apply a coating to predetermined portions.
Several alternative embodiments of compositions of coating are envisioned, each affecting the end product. One embodiment of a coating, referred to herein as the "rapid coating", is a coating that hardens by evaporation of the water content, i.e., a drying coating. The rapid coating comprises water; calcium carbonate; fillers such as limestone, mica, talc, and/or clay; binder; latex emulsion; and other additives such as preservative, and thickener. The rapid coating is provided with a water content of 35-45 wt. % and is diluted in the mixture to between 10% and 60% dilution, e.g., to between 25-70 wt. %, preferably between 39 wt. % and 56 wt. % water, by the addition of water. Table 3 presents an exemplary formulation of an embodiment of the rapid coating.
|Amount (wt. %)
|calcium carbonate
|latex emulsion
|other additives
In a lightweight embodiment of the rapid coating, the filler can include from 2% to 8% by weight perlite. An additional embodiment of the rapid coating incorporates a pigment added in an amount effective to provide a desired tint to the coating. Additionally, the rapid coating may be made so as to substantially match a property of the joint compound, such as the absorbency, the reflectance, and so forth. The substantial homogeneity of one or more properties may improve the aesthetic appearance of the gypsum board in the finished condition after a decorative coating has been applied. In fact, according to one embodiment, the coating applied to the board is actually a diluted form of the joint compound that is used to cover seams between the boards.
Another embodiment of the present invention uses a coating referred to hereinafter as the "setting coating". The setting coating forms a hard gypsum-based coating by a setting process similar to that of the gypsum in the gypsum board. The setting coating comprises is a dry product comprising calcined gypsum; binder; fillers such as limestone, mica, talc, and/or clay; and other additives such as preservative, accelerator, and thickener. The calcined gypsum may be either alpha or beta type or a blend of these types. Prior to use the setting coating is mixed with 30-60 vol. % water to form a mixture. Table 4 presents an exemplary formulation of a setting coating.
|Amount (vol. %)
|Calcined gypsum
|Other fillers
|Other additives
In a lightweight embodiment of the setting coating, the filler can include from 2% to 15% by volume perlite. An additional embodiment of the setting coating incorporates a pigment added in an amount effective to provide a desired tint to the coating.
The setting coating is generally more resilient to impact, i.e., tougher, than the rapid coating, and may be utilized to provide an abuse resistant surface on the gypsum board, for example, for use in high traffic areas or public spaces. Additionally, the coating may be made so as to substantially match a property of the joint compound, such as the absorbency, the reflectance, and so forth. The substantial matching of one or more properties may improve the aesthetic appearance of the gypsum board in the finished condition after a decorative coating has been applied.
Binders suitable for use in the above rapid coating and setting coating include starches, which assist the binding properties. Examples of such binders are wheat starch which can be preset between 0.01 and 5%.
A preservative suitable for use in the above rapid coating and setting coating can be present between 0.01 and 5%. This additive prevents the product from spoiling prematurely, prior to application. The coatings can spoil because there can exist inside the formulations water and/or a number of organic raw materials. The preservative is also commonly known as the biocide.
Accelerators may be used to adjust the set time in the above setting coating. An example of an accelerator is potassium sulfate. The accelerator can be present in a suitable amount to achieve the desired set time. Typically, the accelerator is present from 0.01 and 15% by solids weight.
Thickeners, such as generic cellulose-based thickeners, may be used to adjust the rheological properties of the coatings and can be present in suitable amounts. Typical values are between 0.01 and 35% by solids weight.
The penetration of the coating provided by the application of coatings to a wet gypsum board results in improved coated gypsum board properties, such as better adhesion of the facing sheet to the gypsum core. In one example, a coating improves board strength, as measured by nail pull. Table 5 includes nail hold values for both coated gypsum board and uncoated gypsum board. From Table 5, it is shown that the coating improves nail pull by up to 25% of nail pull values for traditional uncoated gypsum board products.
|nail pull value
|80 pounds
|63 pounds
Additionally, a coated gypsum board displays a mechanical or strength advantage over uncoated gypsum board products that may allow for utilization of facing sheets of lower weight or quality with attendant cost reductions. Typically, facing sheets are anywhere between 40 to 60 lbs. weight. In some applications, the facing sheet is a paper blended with mineral or synthetic fibers. If the facing sheet is to be coated, the improved board strength imparted by the coating allows the paper weight to be reduced. This advantage of the invention is realized while still obtaining the required handling characteristics to allow manipulation without breakage during the manufacturing process. Furthermore, in view of the coating placed therein, the finished side of the board may be made with grey paper, instead of the more expensive bleached paper traditionally used for the finished side.
The Association of Wall and Ceiling Industries International (AWCI), the Ceilings and Interior Systems Construction Association (CISCA), the Gypsum Association (GA), and the Painting and Decorating Contractors of America (PDCA) have defined five levels of gypsum board finish.
The definitions provided for the various finishes are:
A Level 1 finish is recommended in areas that would generally be concealed from view or in areas that are not open to public traffic. In Level 1, "set" has replaced "embedded" so that the first sentence now reads, "All joints and interior angles shall have tape set in joint compound." This was changed to clarify that tape need not be covered with joint compound to fulfill the requirements of Level 1. In Level 1, the surface is left free of excess joint compound. Ridges and tool marks are acceptable for a Level 1 finish. This level is often specified in the plenum area above ceilings, in attics, or in service corridors.
In garages, warehouse storage areas and other similar areas where the final surface appearance is not of concern, a Level 2 finish is the recommendation. Level 2 may be specified where moisture resistant gypsum board is used as a tile substrate. Level 2 now reads, "All joints and interior angles shall have tape embedded in joint compound and wiped with a joint knife leaving a thin coating of joint compound over all joints and interior angles". This change is to further differentiate Level 2 from Level 1. Joint compound is applied over all fastener heads and beads. The surface is left free of excess joint compound. Ridges and tool marks are acceptable for a Level 2 finish. Additionally, Level 2 now includes the following sentence: "Joint compound applied over the body of the tape at the time of tape embedment shall be considered a separate coat of joint compound and shall satisfy the conditions of this level." This sentence also appears in the ASTM C840 Appendix. In the past there has been some confusion as to whether tape pressed into joint compound and covered with joint compound in a single operation fulfilled the requirements of Level 1 or Level 2. This statement is intended to clarify the requirements of Level 2.
In areas to be decorated with a medium or heavy texture or where heavy-grade wall coverings will become the final decoration, a Level 3 finish is recommended. Level 3 now states, "All joints and interior angles have tape embedded in joint compound and one additional coat of joint compound applied over all joints and interior angles. Fastener heads and accessories shall be covered with two separate coats of joint compound. All joint compound shall be smooth and free from tool marks and ridges." Before final decoration it is recommended that the prepared surface be coated with a drywall primer prior to the application of final finishes. Level 3 is not recommended where smooth painted surfaces or light- to medium-weight wall coverings become the final decoration.
If the final decoration is to be a flat paint, light texture or lightweight wall covering, a Level 4 finish is recommended. Level 4 has been modified to read, "All joints and interior angles have tape embedded in joint compound and two separate coats of joint compound applied over all flat joints and one separate coat of joint compound applied over interior angles. Fastener heads and accessories shall be covered with three separate coats of joint compound. All joint compound shall be smooth and free from tool marks and ridges." Before final decoration it is recommended that the prepared surface be coated with a drywall primer prior to the application of final finishes. Gloss, semi-gloss and enamel paints are not recommended over a Level 4 finish.
A level 5 finish is defined as follows: "Level 5 finish is recommended for areas where severe lighting conditions exist and areas that are to receive gloss, semi-gloss, enamel or non-textured flat paints. Level 5 requires all the operations in Level 4. Additionally, a thin skim coat of joint compound, or material manufactured especially for this purpose, is applied to the entire surface. (This definition is referenced to Terminology, Section II, Page 2 of GA-214 to make the description of "skim coat" clear to all.) The surface is smooth and free from tool marks and ridges. Before final decoration it's recommended that the prepared surface be coated with a primer prior to the application of final finishes. The Level 5 finish is required to achieve the highest degree of quality by providing a uniform surface and minimizing the possibility of joint photographing and/or fasteners "burning through" the final decoration."
According to one aspect of the present invention, a level 5 finish can be achieved on a gypsum board during manufacture of the board and prior to installation on a wall. According to another aspect of the present invention, a level 4 finish can be achieved on a gypsum board during manufacture of the board and prior to installation on a wall.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, a wall can be assembled by producing a gypsum board and coating the gypsum board before the drying step with a joint compound or a diluted joint compound. And, when the gypsum board is fastened to a supporting structure to form the wall, the seams between adjacent boards can be taped and finished using a joint compound having a substantially similar or identical composition to the coating. Any of the coatings disclosed herein may be used on embodiments of the present invention.
According to a preferred embodiment, at least one jointing material and at least one skim coat on the board exhibit substantially the same surface water absorbability. Preferably, the at least one jointing material and the at least one skim coat exhibit also substantially the same coloration and/or reflectance factor.
According to a preferred embodiment, the at least one jointing material, e.g. the joint-pointing coat, and the at least one skim coat have substantially the same solids formulation, the skim coat when applied to the board having a solids content lower than the jointing material when applied. Especially, when the skim coat is applied, the viscosity will be adjusted to the viscosity needed for the coating apparatus that will be used.
Compared to the jointing material such as the joint-pointing coat, the skim coat, when applied (for example, when the skim coat is applied to the prefabricated elements, or when the skim coated prefabricated elements are assembled in the methods of the present invention), will comprise more water than initially present in the jointing material such as the joint-pointing coat. It will thus generally comprise additional water, e.g., about 10 to 60%, preferably about 15 to 40%, more preferably about 25%, more water than initially present in the jointing material such as the joint-pointing coat. By "water initially present in the jointing material", it means the amount of water present in the jointing material when the jointing material is applied to the skim coated prefabricated elements, before the jointing material is in a dry state.
In one embodiment, the final thickness of the skim coat (determined when dry) is generally between about 0.001 and about 3 mm, preferably between about 0.01 and about 2 mm, more preferably between about 0.01 and about 1 mm, and most preferably between about 0.2 and about 1 mm.
According to another preferred embodiment, the jointing material such as the sealing coat, joint coat and/or joint-pointing coat and the skim coat have the following composition, by weight:
40 to 70% of a mineral filler, such as calcium carbonate;
1 to 10% of hydrophobic surface perlite;
0.1 to 10% of a binder such as polyvinyl acetates and acrylic acid esters in aqueous solution;
0.1 to 10% of a handling agent such as a cellulosic ether;
0.1 to 5% of a slipping agent such as clay;
0.1 to 20% of another silicate derivative as an additional slipping agent, such as talc and mica;
water with optional conventional additives up to 100%.
The compositions of the jointing material such as the joint-pointing coat and the skim coat are not limited to the components disclosed above in the above amounts for the preferred embodiment. These components may be present in other amounts in the compositions of the jointing material such as the joint-pointing coat and the skim coat. By using the embodiment involving the skim coat, it is possible to obtain the same surface water absorption, reflectance factor and/or color deviation as with the first embodiment depicted above, i.e. the embodiment involving adapting the composition of the jointing material, e.g. the sealing coat, joint coat and/or joint-pointing coat, to the composition of the surface of the prefabricated elements, e.g. the upper layer or web and/or the pigment layer of the plaster boards, to form a substantially homogeneous outer surface in the dry state.
According to one preferred embodiment, a gypsum board is produced by forming a gypsum slurry and depositing the slurry onto a facing sheet laid out on an endless conveyor belt. A backing sheet is then laid on top of the gypsum slurry. The facing sheet, the gypsum slurry, and the backing sheet are then formed into a wet gypsum board by passing the gypsum and optional facing and backing sheet through a forming roller or rollers to produce the desired thickness. The wet gypsum board is carried by a conveyor belt until a set time expires, after which the gypsum board is cut into desired lengths with a blade cutter, and then passed through a mechanical coater. A subsequent application of heat, such as in a dryer or an oven, removes excess water. At any stage during the process, either the facing sheet or the backing sheet or both may be removed.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the gypsum board product can be formed in a manufacturing line generally known for making ceiling tiles. In such a process, the desired components are blended with a high shear mixer in a batch. The batch is then extruded through an opening of an extruder onto an endless conveyor belt. After a predetermined set time, the mixture is then cut into desired lengths. The cut lengths are then passed through a mechanical coater followed by a dryer to evaporate the excess water.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, lightweight gypsum boards can be made. The density of such boards can range from as low as 1,000 lbs. per thousand square feet to about 1,700 lbs. per thousand square feet, or greater. After cutting the gypsum and while the gypsum is still not dry, the wet gypsum board is transported to the coating and drying line. A coating of thickness of up to 30 mils is applied which is subsequently dried in a drying process, e.g., dried in an oven.
In one preferred embodiment, at least one parameter differs by no more than 10%, preferably no more than 5%, at different parts of the overall surface, so that at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, homogeneity is achieved. In other words, as an example, when said at least one jointing material and the prefabricated elements are dry, said at least one of the parameters of the visible surface of said at least one jointing material can differ by not more than 10%, preferably not more than 5%, from the corresponding parameter of the visible surface of the prefabricated elements.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a gypsum board product of a desired thickness can be made as conventionally known. For example, a ⅝ inch, ½ inch or ¼ inch gypsum board can be made. After cutting the gypsum and while the board is still not dry, the wet gypsum board is transported to the coating and drying line. A coating of thickness of up to 30 mils is applied which is subsequently dried in a drying process, e.g., dried in an oven.
Although the present invention has been described in connection with preferred embodiments thereof, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that additions, deletions, modifications, and substitutions not specifically described may be made without department from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Its nearly impossible not to panic as you imagine the headlines and the damage this can do to your business and reputation. Unfortunately, this scenario happens a lot more frequently than most people think.
First Response
Lets step back and develop a checklist of how you should react to a compromise of credit card data. The most important thing to remember is to immediately stop the breach, if possible, or isolate the problem. The best defense is to be well-prepared. Heres what should have been accomplished before the compromise occurred as well as what actions to take immediately following the breach:
- You must be Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard compliant. This would include having quarterly vulnerability scans done.
- Immediately put into action your preexisting containment plan.
- Notify law enforcement.
- Notify your merchant financial institution and/or processor.
The information you should have available includes:
- Why you suspect you have been compromised.
- Any documentation indicating the potential size of the compromise.
- Names of people with access to the information.
- The name of your processor and merchant bank, and the appropriate identifying information.
- The physical location and equipment where the suspected breach occurred.
Breach Response
Here are the immediate steps for overcoming a credit card breach:
Multiple regulations rule the appropriate response to a breach. These include federal regulation and rules associated with the PCI Data Security Standard. The most important aspect, as mentioned before, is to be PCI compliant.
Compliance addresses multiple areas of assessment and vulnerability scans. However, its critical that under no circumstances are certain pieces of data stored or present in your environment. Two specific questions must be answered: May the specific data be stored? And, if it is allowed to be stored, how must it be protected?
PAN Storage
A specific PCI section (3.4) defines the requirements for protection of allowable stored data and indicates testing procedures that must be accomplished. Boiled down, it means you must render any primary account number (PAN) unreadable anywhere it is stored (including data on portable digital media, backup media, in logs and data received from or stored by wireless networks) by using any of the following approaches:
- Strong one-way hash functions
- Truncation
- Index tokens and pads (which must be securely stored)
The following is the list of the various elements associated with PANs and their storage:
So what does this mean to you? First and foremost, awareness is critical. Never store (or allow staff to keep) any of the following information:
- Magnetic stripes on credit cards
- Three-digit codes on the backs of Visa or MasterCards
- Four-digit codes on the front of American Express Cards
- Personal identification numbers (PINs)
If you retain the cardholder name, service code or the expiration date of the payment card, make sure you protect that information. There is no specific requirement under PCI as to the methodology used for protection, just that compliance should be in place. Finally, be sure to follow PAN requirements as stated above.
In todays environment, the theft of credit card numbers is a multi-jurisdictional issue. The crime is more broadly classified with the theft or unauthorized use of personal data. On the federal level, the FBI and Secret Service lay claim to these areas. On the local level, start with the police department and await guidance.
If a breach occurs, notify your merchant service provider immediately. The merchant service provider will instruct you on additional system-reporting requirements based on the circumstances involved. Some of these requirements include public disclosure.
In addition, isolate the affected computer from the network by unplugging its cable. Do not turn the affected machine off, log onto it or change any passwords. Change any wireless network passwords, including the router(s). Change all network user and administrator passwords. Preserve the evidence, making sure to keep an accurate record of all actions taken, by whom and the time and date of the action.
Visa Fraud Control
In the event of either a suspected or actual breach, the Fraud Control Group offers specific inputs. The group works with the compromised entity to obtain all potentially compromised account numbers and providing that info to the issuing banks. It begins monitoring the activity on the affected accounts and works with appropriate law enforcement on the entitys behalf. Visa has further identified the top-five data-security vulnerabilities:
- Storage of track data and other sensitive data
- Missing or outdated security patches
- Vendor-supplied default settings and passwords
- SQL injection
- Unnecessary and vulnerable services on servers.
If any of the above five apply to your environment, they should be immediately rectified. Remember the key to compliance and understanding your own vulnerabilities is the local environment. Do not depend on providers to protect you.
Ross Federgreen is a co-founder of CSRSI, which provides an integrated approach to the analysis, design, implementation, deployment and management of electronic transaction services and systems. Since 1999, the company has helped more than 350 public and private institutions reduce the cost of acquiring money and minimize liability exposure related to payment transactions and customer data. For more information, call 866.462.7774, ext. 23; e-mail [email protected]; visit www.csrsi.com.


text:
Anyone who enjoyed the odd documentary Sherman's March will instantly recognize the narrator in Photographic Memory. In Sherman's March, filmmaker Ross McElwee, ostensibly documenting Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman's path of demolition in the Civil War, traveled across the South and asked former girlfriends why they broke up with him or why their relationships didn't work. Often he filmed these conversations until they became uncomfortable and the women asked him to turn off the camera. It's the same McElwee years later, this time filming his son Adrian, who has grown distant as he's reached his early 20s. McElwee is a much more mature and insightful narrator here, but occasionally one marvels at the way in which he kept his camera between himself and his son throughout their lives. Some of the moments are brilliant, but it's unexamined how Adrian felt about constantly talking to the camera.
McElwee embarks on another self-indulgent trip, this time to France, where he spent a year in his early 20s. He searches for people he knew and places he visited, and reflects on the nature of photography and memory as well. He says he hopes to understand his son by remembering himself at the same age, but that seems like a convenient premise for another journey of personal exploration. His unreserved candor about his own feelings and shortcomings makes it an engrossing film, in spite of its humble revelations and regardless of how well he has his mission in perspective. — WILL COVIELLO


text:
Raymond Kelly appears in the following:
Policing New York, the Ray Kelly Way
Tuesday, September 15, 2015
Ray Kelly: 20 Years After the WTC Bombing
Tuesday, February 26, 2013
New York Police Department Commissioner Ray Kelly talks about remembering the 1993 bombing that killed six people and injured 1,000 others. Kelly was police commissioner at the time.
Decade 9/11: NYPD Commissioner Ray Kelly
Monday, September 05, 2011
Ray Kelly, NYPD Commissioner, talks about his own reflections on the tenth anniversary of 9/11, and discusses the challenges for first responders on that day.
New York Police Ramp Up Security for Obama's Visit
Thursday, May 05, 2011
President Obama is in New York today to pay his respects at Ground Zero and meet with family members of victims of 9/11. Whenever the president is in town, the New York Police Department is on heightened security. But this time, they will be keeping the status quo. The NYPD's 35,000 officers have been on alert since Sunday night when the White House announced Osama bin Laden's death. Officers have been working overtime to protect subways during rush hour and have been commanded to be on the lookout for suspicious packages at landmarks. Police officials say there have been no specific threats against the city, but New York is still a prime target for terrorist attacks.


text:
28 comments found.
Incredibly beautiful, I'm moved
Thanks! You are too kind
ein sehr gefühlvoller und schöner track. Klasse !
Very beautiful!!!
Thank you very much! I appreciate your opinion
I flippin love this. I would love to collab at some point.
Thank you Matthew! I am always happy to meet and collaborate with other artists. Feel free to contact me anytime!
Sounds great!
This gave me goosebumps! I especially love the violin, a good use of bowed instruments can make the entire composition for me. And I love how you gave it sort of eastern feel to it. At first I even wondered if the solo was on Erhu. Anyway, beautiful and emotional. Love it.
Those are really kind words! Thanks for your appreciation! Its funny that you mention the Erhu…Last year I had a tour in China and bought myself one…right now I am still learning it and hope I will be good enough soon to use it in my compositions
Nice track. I used it in my project. Thanks. http://videohive.net/item/adventures/8194430
Thank you very much for using my track Alex! By the way, great portfolio you have! I will link it up on my page
Wunderschön! Ist die Violine selber eingespielt?
Hey there! Thank you for your kind words! Yes, I play the violin in this track
Very beautiful. Thank you. Now your melody will sound in Ukraine.


text:
Goa GSL recruitment 2016 junior supervisor 231 posts :- Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) invites application for the position of 231 junior supervisor, assistant superintendent, nursing assistant, junior instructor (Apprentice), civil assistant, office assistant, store assistant, yard assistant, cook, shipwright fitter, oilman, mechanic, Khalasi, steward, painter, carpenter, driver, crane operator, wireman, diploma trainee, unskilled vacancies. Apply before 7th June 2016.
Name of post:- junior supervisor, assistant superintendent
Eligibility:- SSC, graduation, diploma, BBA, BSW, BA, degree
Job Location:- Goa
Last Date:- 7th June 2016
Total No. of Posts:- 231 Posts
Junior Supervisor:- 04 posts
- Age Limit:- The age of the candidate should be 35 years.
- Pay Scale:- Rs 9000 – 233300/- Per Month
- Qualification:- Candidates should have passed SSC plus worked in Navy for a period of 10 years and last rank not less than the leading of Sea Man LME OR graduation with diploma in hotel management or catering OR diploma in mechanical engineering / electrical engineering.
Assistant Superintendent:- 04 posts
- Age Limit:- The age of the candidate should be 35 years.
- Pay Scale:- Rs 9000 – 233300/- Per Month
- Qualification:- Candidates should have bachelor of business management (BBA) or graduation in any discipline with diploma in personnel management / industrial relations / labour law / labour welfare / BSW / BA in social work / sociology from a recognized university institute OR Graduation in any discipline with computer typing speed of 30 words per minute and short hand speed of 8- words per minute.
Age Relaxation:- The upper age of the candidates in relaxable for the following specified categories to the extent indicated below:-
i) By 5 years for candidates belonging to ST communities.
ii) By 5 years for candidates belonging to SC communities.
iii) By 3 years for candidates belonging to OBC communities.
Application fee:- Candidates are required to pay application fee Rs 200/- through demand draft in the favor of Goa Shipyard limited payable at Vasco – da – gama, Gooa as processing fee. No fee is to be paid by schedule caste categories candidate categories candidates / schedule tribe categories candidates / person with disabilities categories candidates / Ex-servicemen categories candidates as per government of India rules.
How to apply:- Candidates may apply online through the official website of Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) http://career.goashipyard.co.in from 10th May 2016 to 7th June 2016. Applicants are required to send hard copy of online application form along with self – attested photocopies of the documents and DD to Chief general manager (HR&A), Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Bhawan, Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL), Vasco – D – Gama, Goa:- 403802 on or before 20th June 2016.
Click here to view the advertisement
Like Govnokri.com on facebook to get updated towards latest jobs.


text:
With relaxing massages and revitalising beauty treatments, a trip to The White Rooms will leave you looking and feeling fabulous. Nestled right in the hub of Bearsden Cross, The White Rooms is a hidden gem with four spacious treatment rooms. There are also nearby parking facilities.
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Keep up-to-date
Join our mailing list for latest news, promotions and beauty tips.
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- With every gel nail treatment receive a Jessica Hydracreme hand lotions free of charge (while stocks last)
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Monthly Spa Offer - September


text:
Tweet [1]
My new colleague Dan Klein — who, I'm thrilled to report, will join George Mason University's Economics faculty in August — offers this penetrating critique [2] of Richard Thaler's and Cass Sunstein's notion of "libertarian paternalism." (I agree with Pejman Yousefzadeh, at the always-insightful Pejmanesque [3], that this term is evidence of impressive chutzpah.)
Thanks to Larry White, over at Division of Labour [4], for reminding me of Dan's essay — an essay that goes far deeper into the problems with "libertarian paternalism" than I attempt here [5].


text:
A Japanese press release contained a single screen (pictured above), confirming that the game looks pretty much just like the WiiWare version with bigger UI elements -- it's still kind of a mess, visually, and it still features those weirdly human-sized characters; instead of the adorably round Bub and Bob we grew up with. Towering Adventure also differs from the arcade classic by making the ascent up the game's tower a continuous pursuit, even during boss battles.
[Thanks, sacra]
Source (PDF link)


text:
Having problems with your Casio Exilim EX-S500 Digital Camera ?
Lcd off I replaced the LCD but still doe not turn on
Answers :
Who replaced it? You. If not, take it back it should have come with some type of warranty on the repair. Casio can be reached at: 800-706-2534, they also have an upgrade program.
Repair Help & Product Troubleshooting for Casio Exilim EX-S500 Digital Camera
Tips for a great answer:- Provide details, support with references or personal experience .
- If you need clarification, ask it in the comment box .
- It's 100% free, no registration required.
Suggested Questions/Answers :
Lcd off I replaced the LCD but still doe not turn on
Who replaced it? You. If not, take it back it should have come with some type of warranty on the repair. Casio can be reached at: 800-706-2534, they also have an upgrade program. ... Casio Exilim EX-S500 Digital Camera
I disasembled my kodak Z712SI down to the LCD screen to replace it but I found out there was a soapy substance all inside and behind the backlight . Once I cleaned everything off and put it back together the screen is still darklike but you can see the words and stuff on the screen if you turn it to the side but the light is still low . When I took the lcd screen aloose I notice three clearlike screen protector like things behind the backlight that seem to magnify the light but idk if I put them
I am sorry I can't help, but I am in the same position. My camera's LCD screen broke, but the camera is fine other than that. I'd rather buy a $59 screen than a $200+ replacement. I'd appreciate you passing on an info on how to replace the screen. Th ... Kodak EasyShare Z712 Digital Camera
Nikon d40 hi i got my self a nikon d40 all was well for the first 5 days was working well very happy. but then i went to get the d40 out to take some early morning beach shots turned it on and got a white lcd and the camera would not work so took the battery out to check it put it back in cam turned on and worked but still the white lcd and if you turn it off then back on camera wont work unless you push the battery first and still have a white lcd. have taken it to my registered nikon dealer t
Sounds like you got a bad one, i would ask for a new one. ... Nikon D40x Digital Camera
My K7 will turn on but the LCD screen and monitor won't turn on. The only thing that shows up on the LCD screen is the battery button. When I try to take a picture it makes a funny noise. I didn't drop my camera or anything and it worked perfectly yesterday. The only thing is that I did charge my battery overnight. It still turned on normally earlier in the day but then I didn't take any pictures (as my daughter wouldn't look) so I turned it off until a little bit ago when I turned it on and dis
... Pentax K7 Digital Camera
LCD screen and small viewfinder screen go snowy than white. When I turn the camera on the LCD worked fine, when I than turn it, it was just white. Now it won't even turn on normal. I can still make pictures and they come out good. I can also not view older pictures, same problem
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I have an olympus stylus tough 6000, when I turn it on, I see the olympus name on the lcd screen. It then beeps several short spurts and it shuts itself down. I have charged different batteries and still on a fully charged battery, it does it still. When I turn the knob to view pictures, I am able to do this, but if I turn to take a picture or video it shuts down.
... Digital Cameras
My canon digital rebel (ds6041) wont turn on. I have already replaced the battery 4 times with new ones. All fully loaded. still doesn't turn on. I have taken out the mini battery inside the camera, on the internet it said that the camera then would reset itself, still doesn't turn on. Who has an idea, because I don't want to sent it to a reparation store.
... Canon Rebel XT / EOS 350D Digital Camera
When ever i turn my fujifilm s5000 on the screen is white in both viewing taken photos or when trying to take a photo in both lcd and eye piece you can still change the date ect. and even scrowl thru memory card {white screen still} as if you were looking at the photos it tales you the code number of the photo or if its a video but still a white screen sometimes when you flick it to take a picture it comes up with the image then turns white and some times flickers of black lines go thru the scre
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Display problem Hello, I've had my SD1000 for less than 3 months. Sometimes the display goes black, I can still access the menu options and if I slide the button to review images they will display on the LCD panel. But even if I've just powered it on, the LCD is black, if I take a picture anyway, the picture is also black. Sometimes if I turn on the camera and turn it off again a few times it starts displaying correctly again. Is there a hardware problem with my camera or is this something I sho
I had the same problem with my SD1000 and was so frustrated with reading all of the troubleshooting "solutions".... After a couple of days researching, I finally stumbled upon a site that actually suggested turning the unit off and "slapping" it a c ... Canon PowerShot SD1000 Digital Camera
Hi, i bought this camera brand new in October and it has been used once or twice. Now when i turn it on and take a picture, the screen just oes black and turns itself off (with the lens still out). At first i thought it was batteries, so i tried new ones, the lcd states the battery is full but still the problem persists. Help please! Thanks
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LCD screen when I turn my camera on the LCD screen doesn't turn on but I can still take pictures and retrieve them on the computer.
When I turn my camera on the LCD screen doesn't turn on ... GE A730 Digital Camera
How can i check if which need replacement my batt or my charger coz when i charge my batt the led lights on then after a while it turn of the led light then ill unplug it and plug it then still the same the light turn off and when i put it on my cam it doesnt last and it will show low battery thus myt batt need replacement or what?
Power Source\015\012Li-ion Rechargeable Battery (LI-42B) \015\012Are you using the above battery? \015\012Check the voltage to make sure it has enough as printed on the charger or the battery.\015\012Alkaline rechargeables, or NiMH rechar ... Olympus FE-280 Digital Camera
Faulty camera Turned on camera , and theres a black ink like mark under LCD screen. None of the features on the camera now work.When camera is of you can still see this mark very faintly LCD screen is white when turned on , black mark takes up left side of screen and is very very slowly getting bigger. Could this possably be a leak of some sort? Thanx Matt
LCD is damaged and needs to be replaced. The cost of replacing is less than buying a new camera. If they charge more than 50 of the cost buy a new camera. ... Kodak EasyShare DX4530 Digital Camera
Fujifilm 10.2 mega pixels digital camera w/SR Auto Scene Recongnition 2.7 LCD. The batteries were dying, we put others in and it won't turn on. We plugged it into the DC outlet (still won't turn on). Connected it to the computer, it won't turn on. (you have to turn it on in order for the computer to recognize it, I think) Anyway why won't it turn on? The lens is stuck in the open position and we just wanted to get enought power to it to close the lens. Can you help?
Maybe the problem is the kind of batterys, change another brand an try remember you need a nikkel batterys ... Digital Cameras
I have the same problem with my Lumix DMC-TZ3 lens error states "Turn off camera and then turn back on" Though my lens tries to adjust then stops. The power stays on with the error message. Til I turn it off .The lens still does not retract. Now when I turn it back on the lens will do the same thing. I don't think its the lens. How would someone repair or replace firmware. Can it be done over the net?
Of course it's the lens. Try these:\012Fixing a Lens Error on a Digital Camera\012\012This has to be THE most ... Panasonic Lumix DMC-TZ3 Digital Camera
I have (2) DGS-200 Moultrie cameras that the LCD display has gone out. Replaced (1) with the LCD display from a Moultrie 100. Worked great but I still have two cameras that can't be programed without seeing on LCD. Is there anywhere to purchase these LCD screens or purchase non-working Moultrie cameras?
WWW.MOULTRIEFEEDERS.COM WILL SEND REPLACEMENTS AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR FREE.... ... Moultrie MFH-DGS-100V2 Digital Camera
Canon ixus i7. LCD screen is cracked, and thus does not sdisplay any image, however the camera still zooms, takes pictures, etc Obviously now viewfinder so only way to see what your taking pic of is through the cracked LCD.(whic you can;t as it is pure white with black leak lines of the crack. I assume its a simple replace of the LCD screen which i would assume connects like any standard LCD screen using a ribbon cable?
I know some canon LCDs can be replaced by the user. Canon will sell you the specific part or you can find them on ebay. The LCD ribbon cable can be easily pulled out and with a little fiddling a new one can be put in. I have not personally done it wi ... Digital Cameras
I bought a replacement LCD screen for my Nikon S3000 camera, but when I remove the back case, the connector for the LCD is under the silver plate. I can't figure out how to get the plate off to reach the connector so I can install the new LCD. I've removed screws, but it still lifts only halfway. Is there some kind of trick I'm not seeing to get this thing open?
Hi dear Sir, contact uscamera.com to obtain a repair manual.Regards ... Nikon Coolpix S3000 Digital Camera
I bought a replacement LCD screen, but when I remove the back case, the connector for the LCD is *under* the silver plate. I can't figure out how to get the plate off to reach the connector so I can install the new LCD. I've removed screws, but it still lifts only halfway. Is there some kind of trick I'm not seeing to get this thing open?
Hi dear Sir fishiemnma, remove the broken LCD display lifting it up carefully of retention plate.You did not make? will you have access to the connector afterwards.Regards ... Nikon Coolpix S3000 Digital Camera
White Screen: I turned on my camera shortly after replacing the batteries, but when I looked at my screen, it was completely white. I turned it off, then turned it on again, and the same thing happened. Later, I tried to see if it'll work after I connected it to my computer, but the screen was still white. The camera has been dropped a couple of times, but it wasn't anything severe - just a couple of centimeters from the ground, and I'm pretty sure the screen isn't cracked (I didn't see an
HelloThe problem is that the lens has become stuck in the barrel\012 after dropping it. There are some DIY solutions you could try, but the \012probability is that you will have to get it fixed by a professional.Use\012\ ... Panasonic Digital Cameras
My casio EX-S880 had that common lens error where it comes out and goes right back in - I purchased a replacement lens on eBay and it worked (came out and camera powered on like normal... only there is no picture. The LCD works (ie menu and settings) but you cannot see any picture through the lens. I have gotten my second replacement lens (thinking the replacement was no good) and it is still doing the same thing.
HelloThe problem is that the lens has become stuck in the barrel. There are some DIY solutions you could try, but the \012probability is that ... Casio Exilim EX-S880 Digital Camera
Lcd blurred I have a canon power shot a80 and when i turn it on and try to take a picture, on the LCD display i see a mixture of colour which is not even letting me see the image of the picture i would like to take. If i look through the lens and take the image, i am still able to view the picture I had taken if i set the camera on the view pictures. The mixture of colours on the LCD only shows when the camera is set on take the picture... and it doesn't even do it always. Thanks.
Canon will fix this camera if it is in the list of ccd defect. Contact canon.com for the Americas, or where you are. Call Service on the web page with the 800 number.http://www.usa.canon.com/consumer/controller?act=PgComSmModDisplayAct&am ... Canon PowerShot A80 Digital Camera
My Finepix s5700 will not turn on even with new batteries. The last thing I did was delete some photos from the memory card. The next time I went to turn it on I thought the batteries were dead and so I replaced them with new ones, but it still will not turn on. And the camera was not dropped.
A possible cause could be the "cut off" switch for the xd picture card door. Check the plastic tabs on the door for damage. If it looks ok then open and close it a few times to see if the micro switch on the board is stuck. This is a cut off switch t ... Fuji FinePix S700 Digital Camera
Lcd broken hi.. olympus FE model but iforgot the exact model.. the lcd screen was broken..is there any olympus service center here in the philippines? or is there still a replacement for the lcd?
I have one for FE model,,, Where at your exact location? text me 09157048641,,, ... Olympus Stylus 710 Digital Camera
I turned on my samsung sl202 and the lense come out making a funny noise but the lcd screen doesn't turn on. And then the lense gets stuck out and wont turn back off. But I can still view the pictures.
HelloThe problem is that the lens has become stuck in the barrel\012 after dropping it. There are some DIY solutions you could try, but the \012probability is that you will have to get it fixed by a professional.Use\012\012\01 ... Samsung SL202 Digital Camera


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Ladies and gentlemen: I introduce you to the Twin Cities bars and restaurants I guarantee you will feel like a rockstar, minus the paid paparazzi and strobes of camera flashes. If you are someone who enjoys showing off that hard work from the gym or the flashy new outfit you got on clearance, you may just want to save this page to your "favorites."
Regardless of your age, gender, race, lifestyle or income, we all deserve a little star treatment. Stretching throughout the Twin Cities, these are some of the best places that will ensure your class-act persona and thrill for life (in no particular order).
Seven Sushi
700 Hennepin Avenue
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Whether or not you're a fan of sushi, Seven is a great place to bring co-workers or friends and to simply hang-out and get a cocktail. Its colorful and exciting lounge-style atmosphere provides a great backdrop to be a showstopper. If you plan on stopping by to enjoy the warm temperatures, the rooftop patio is a must-see.
Chino Latino
2916 Hennepin Ave. S.
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Its high-energy attitude is impossible to ignore before even approaching the host stand. The dim lighting paired with the aroma of its Asian and Spanish food fusion is mouth watering on a number of levels. Try the House of Wang Salt and Pepper Shrimp coupled with the Chocolate Volcano Cup. You won't want to share.
Cocina del Barrio
5036 France Ave. S.
Edina, MN 55424
I have lived in the Twin Cities long enough to learn the 50th and France area is a hit among most Minnesotans. If you are looking for fun nightlife and a light or plentiful meal, your senses will be satisfied here. The margaritas are just as amazing as the free parking.
Salut Bar Americain
917 Grand Ave.
St. Paul, MN
Website | Directory
If you like French food but you want a larger portion I have great news for you. This St. Paul restaurant serves potions large enough for a to-go box and the overwhelming dose of positive energy from its staff is refreshing. If you are a fan of espresso, I highly recommend getting its double-shot … maybe after you try the Pepita Poulet. It's tender and amazing.
Redstone American Grill
8000 Eden Road
Eden Prairie, MN 55344
The high-end feel of Redstone may urge you to start off with a glass of red wine and take a seat in its elegant bar area. The wine list is short and sweet. Usually I am prepared to begin Googling the name of each winemaker, however, the bartenders and servers are well-educated on each flavor and varietal. If you are a fan of a dry, red wine, I recommend the Barossa Valley "E Minor" Australian Shiraz. It will make your lips say "pop."
San Pedro Café
426 2nd St.
Hudson, WI 54016
Website | Directory
If you're wondering about what boots to wear, go with the Uggs. If you're deciding between a button-up or a polo shirt, go with the polo (I did not say with a popped collar). The laid-back environment complements its spicy Caribbean flavor. If it's attention you seek, try the One Barrel Punch cocktail.
Ingredients Café
4725 Highway 61 N.
White Bear Lake, MN 55110
If "hipster" coincides with your definition of a rockstar, trade in those diamonds for a pair of vintage skinny jeans. This place is a great alternative to what is trendy. Drink specials and live music are what you will find on the regular at this classic café.
Buona Sera Wine Bar
11949 West River Rd
Champlin, MN 55316
Website | Directory
If your night out with friends reflects that of the characters from Ocean's Eleven and not-so-South-Beach, check out Bouna Sera. It is located in a neighborhood near the Mississippi River and is a place where you can relax. Known for their variety of classic Italian wine, this place will have you feeling like you are in the comfort of your own home.
-Justin Reis is a WCCO intern studying broadcast journalism at the University of Minnesota. His passion for finding the "best" in the Twin Cities is inspired by his role as a group fitness instructor and interests ranging from "anything artistic" to "anything social." Please leave a comment on what you think of his recommendations.


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Set in serene and tranquil surroundings and the only hotel in the region to have direct access to the sea, India's Taj Exotica Goa offers an idyllic location to relax and unwind. When booking through Great Hotels of the World, guests can now enjoy an exclusive three-night spa package, including a host of indulgent treatments. Valid until 31st March, the package includes: three nights' accommodation in a Garden Villa; daily breakfast; one Taj Signature Spa treatment (120 mins); one scrub or wrap of choice (45 mins); one facial (60 mins); one Taj spa manicure; and return airport transfers. The price costs US$1,900 (approx £973) based on two people sharing and includes taxes; treatments are per person. Upgrades and exchanges of treatments are not possible.
For further information and to book, please visit the GHOTW luxury offers page.
As a country with many ancient landmarks still intact, Greece is the perfect destination for any cultural trip! There is no better place to learn about history than on a luxury heritage holiday in Greece, particularly Rhodes. read A Greek guide to a luxury heritage and outdoors escape in Lindos, Rhodes
From our window we could see the dome of the Santa Maria del Fiore and Giotto's Campanile, and the rooftops of the city stretching to the mountains beyond. read Exploring the timeless beauty of Florence
We wanted a relaxing holiday in the sun where we could simply rest and enjoy ourselves, and that's exactly what we got read Sublime spa treatments and world-famous golf in Estoril


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IBM And Trillion
What got me going on this subject is IBM (NYSE:IBM): I've been long and wrong for some time now, because I share the company's belief that AI (artificial intelligence) is the next big thing and the company is the leader in that field. At their investor conference last week, they announced that they are emerging as a cognitive computing and cloud solutions provider. The market's reaction has been a combination of skepticism and indifference. Quantifying the Opportunity Here's a slide presented by John Kelly, IBM's SVP Cognitive Solutions and Research: Click to enlarge $2 trillion is a big number. Now IBM has $82 billion, or 6.8%, of the current $1.2 trillion spend. Assuming they get the same share of the additional $2 trillion, revenue comes in at $137 billion. Net…
Link to Full Article: IBM And Trillion
IBM And Trillion


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Paz the Ringneck Dove Bird received this card on June 18th.
Recipient: Paz the Ringneck Dove bird
Delivery: Mon, Jun 18 @ 12am Pacific
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All your friends at KAYTEE
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Sal Niner and All of Us at DOVEBOOK & Beyond
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