text:
A GOOD APPETITE; A Little Nostalgia, A Long Fork and Lots of Cheese
By MELISSA CLARK
Published: January 23, 2008
ONE chilly afternoon, my mother dropped by with a small shopping bag filled with fondue forks.
''I thought you might find a use for these,'' she said before rushing out the door.
But wait, I called after her, what happened to the fondue pot?
''Oh, I used it to plant an amaryllis,'' she said.
I think she meant for me to use the forks for tasks like removing the last olive from a tall, narrow jar, or spearing a stray cherry tomato that had rolled onto the oven floor.
But I had another idea. Why not make fondue?
Although I hadn't made fondue since graduate school, when I lived with a friend and her parents' vintage fondue pot, I remembered the recipe being as simple as a toasted cheese sandwich, but more satisfying. After all, be it an oozing wedge of baked Camembert, the puddles of mozzarella atop a pizza, or a bubbling Welsh rabbit, few foods are as compelling as melted cheese.
But did fondue always have to be the centerpiece of what inevitably comes off as an I Love the '70s theme party? What if I wanted to make fondue for two? Would we have to wear bell-bottoms?
And, most pressingly, could I substitute another pot for the one currently housing my mother's flowering plant?
I called Terrance Brennan, the chef at Artisanal, where fondue is on the menu year-round. He was reassuring. ''You can use any pot for fondue, as long as you eat it fast enough, before it gets cold and hard,'' he told me.
I told him I doubted that would be a problem. Besides, a heavy, enamel-lined cast-iron pot, like the ones at Artisanal, would retain heat far longer than my mother's lightweight fondue pot, giving me plenty of time to devour a fittingly gluttonous portion before the melted cheese lost its allure.
Mr. Brennan assured me that almost any cheese could work in a fondue. After all, fondue isn't one particular recipe. I've seen it on menus to describe any number of preparations, including a lush blanket coating snails at Anthos and a thick sauce for apple salad at One Sixtyblue in Chicago.
As long as it is primarily made from copious quantities of melted cheese (the word fondue comes from the French fondre, to melt), then, at least to me, it qualifies.
But I did want to start with something fairly classic, so I searched my shelves for a Swiss cookbook. I eventually came across a chapter on Switzerland in a 1970 Time-Life Foods of the World cookbook titled ''A Quintet of Cuisines,'' a wide-ranging farrago that juxtaposed chapters on Bulgaria, Poland and all of North Africa.
Its fondue recipe called for an equal amount of Gruy? cheese, for its depth of flavor, and Emmenthaler, for its supple texture; a shot of kirsch, for its cherry aroma and alcoholic oomph; and a little garlic, for bite.
The recipe came with a warning: do not drink any cold beverages with fondue, or the cheese will ball up and wreak havoc on your intestines.
The information sounded suspect. So I called my Swiss informant in New York, Ralf Kuettel. At his restaurant, Trestle on Tenth, one can order pizokel, traditional Swiss dumplings, and any of 10 Swiss wines, but conspicuously not fondue. ''I'm trying to avoid the stereotype,'' he explained.
And what about that ban on cold liquids?
''That's what people always say, but then, most people drink fairly cold white wine with fondue, so it's a dish that's full of contradictions,'' he said, adding that he never encountered any intestinal distress from the combination.
He approved of the recipe, though. So that night I made it in my trusty cast-iron Dutch oven. It took all of 15 minutes, and emerged as magnificently creamy, smooth and velvety as custard, but with a funky, deep flavor that dazzlingly enriched anything I dunked in the pot: bread cubes, apple slices, clementine sections, nuggets of salami, pretzels, tofu. It was even marvelous spooned onto a romaine lettuce salad in place of dressing.
When the cheese started to cool and congeal, which took a good 30 minutes, all I did was stick it back on the stove, stirring until runny.
Although I had gobbled the better part of a fondue dish meant for four, days later I was ready for another. A friend was coming to dinner, and I couldn't think of a simpler or more inviting dish to serve on a winter night.
This time I used a good extra-sharp Cheddar cheese and stirred in a little Irish whiskey in place of the kirsch. We devoured it in minutes, and my friend didn't even notice the absence of a Sterno can beneath the pot.
When the pot was nearly empty, I put it on the stove to brown the thin layer of cheese that remained. It became as crisp and salty as a potato chip. Called la religieuse, according to my multi-culti sourcebook, it made an appropriately miraculous finale. My friend was unduly awed by my culinary prowess; I never mentioned that fondue was one of the easiest company dishes I'd made.
After those accolades, I realized that most people are charmed by a vat of gushing, aromatic cheese. Fondue became my go-to dinner party hors d'oeuvre, and I tried to concoct every possible combination.


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Fiji Time: 3:34 PM on Sunday 25 March
/ Front page / News
Avinesh Gopal
Tuesday, April 08, 2014
THE proposed national youth organisation that aspires to be a political party says it will contest all 50 seats in Parliament in the coming general election.
And it says it will register on the same day Prime Minister Rear Admiral Voreqe Bainimarama registers his proposed Fiji First Party, which is expected on April 22.
The proposed organisation's interim president/leader Nayagodamu Korovou said they would be the last political party to register for the September election.
"We will not let the Prime Minister take all the publicity by registering our political party on the same day he registers his," he said.
Mr Korovou said they would contest the election on their own and decide on a coalition with Rear Admiral Bainimarama's proposed party, depending on the election results.
"We are looking at contesting all 50 seats and we will work out things and decide how much money our candidates have to fork out for the election campaign."
The proposed association wants to register all youth groups, provide jobs to unemployed youth, remove VAT from essential food items and strengthen the security forces by manpower and budget if it was a part of the new government.
Mr Korovou said they had prepared a very easily understood and easily implemented manifesto, concentrating on helping the youths and poor people.
He said they would reduce the business tax and encourage small businesses for youth groups where they could be employed.
On the issue of funding, he said: "We have some funds for the election. Mostly if all youths contribute one dollar each, we will have enough to contest the election.
"We have other ways which will be revealed later."
Mr Korovou said the proposed party was sure to form the new government and continue the implementation of the People's Charter if it was allowed to contest the election.
"We are continuing in fasting and praying for wisdom from the Heavenly Father. For us, people are of more value than institutions and people are our focus."
Use the free Acrobat Reader to view.
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VUV to FJDTOP to FJDSBD to FJDWST to FJDPGK to FJDXPF to FJDCHF to FJDSEK to FJDLKR to FJDZAR to FJDPHP to FJDPKR to FJDNOK to FJDINR to FJDDKK to FJDCAD to FJDHKD to FJDSGD to FJDJPY to FJDGBP to FJDEUR to FJDCNY to FJDNZD to FJDAUD to FJDUSD to FJD
Exchange Rate updated on 23th, March, 2018
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text: A button topiary doesn't seem much like jewelry, does it? Of course I have an explanation (as always). I've been cleaning up my workspace, and shedding the things I haven't any plans for, and I came across some styrofoam balls. then I remembered I wanted to make a floral topiary. I blame it on Pinterest. Continue readingPin It


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Thursday, January 8 | 6:30pmSalon conversation hosted by Randi HopkinsFree and open to the public
Art makers, curators, writers, educators, art lovers – how did 2014 go for you? Highlights? Low points? What kind of ACTION are you looking forward to in 2015? How can we take advantage of Boston's recent creative surge and up the ART ANTE around here? Let's talk about it when GERTRUDE'S artists' salon takes an informal, wide-ranging, art-centric view of the current state of things at the BCA's Mills Gallery on Thursday, January 8, 6:30 pm. Maybe even get a few things GOING…
Bring a small dish to share, or just bring yourself, we'd love to see you!
Image: Left: Danielle Maio, A Study in 35mm, 2014; Right: Chase Carter, Progress, 2013
Thursday, November 20 | 7pmSalon hosted by Danielle Maio and Chase CarterFree and open to the public
Come and discover what art students in Boston are really doing! The BCA's Mills Gallery showcases local art students and their practices, in a format inspired by Pecha Kucha, a rapid-fire style of presentation.
This event is presented in conjunction with GERTRUDE'S artists' salon at the Boston Center for the Arts, and is co-hosted by BCA Education and Community Program Interns Danielle Maio and Chase Carter.
Thursday, October 16 | 6:30pmSalon conversation hosted by Steve LockeFree and open to the public
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Join us for a night of discussion about pictures that have been (and continue to be) rich and important touchstones for his work. It will be a chance to see some favorites and maybe discover some new ones.
Image: Most Wanted Men No. 11, John Joseph H., Jr. (1964) by Andy Warhol. (Photo by Axel Schneider/© 2014 The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York)
Thursday, August 14 | 7pmSalon conversation and ping pong game hosted by BCA Summer Public Art Resident Liz NofzigerBCA Plaza | Free
Stop by for lemonade and conversation around the topic "RULES OF THE GAME," an informal artist-generated/artist-hosted get-together at GERTRUDE'S, the artists' lounge and lab at the BCA's Mills Gallery. Conversation will evolve into actual play—come show us your skills, or pick up some new ones on Nofziger's uniquely configured table. All levels welcome.
Artists, athletes, gamers, sports fans, audiences, students—if you are curious and/or opinionated about the many issues raised by creative consideration of topics such as rules and play—tell us about it!
Friday, June 13 | 7pmSalon conversation co-hosted by Maggie Cavallo and Leonie BradburyFree and open to the public
Artists, arts educators, audiences, students – if you are curious and/or opinionated about the many many issues raised by considerations of art and education – please come join the conversation!
How do you learn about art? Through art?
The overlapping roles of art and education have a distinct effect on the lives of artists, arts educators, audiences, students and the general public. From identifying and being able to describe arts learning experiences, to the place (or lack there of) for the arts in K-12 Education – the relationship between these fields are complex and ripe with opportunity. Join Maggie Cavallo and Leonie Bradbury for an open discussion geared towards defining art as, in and with education. Whether STEM to STEAM, the role of teaching artists in our schools and community centers, considerations of art as research and learning, or the role of colleges and universities in the lives of emerging and practicing artists – these conversations can lead us to models for how we understand both the arts and education.
Institutional supporters
Barr Foundation and The Klarman Family Foundation in collaboration with the Barr-Klarman Arts Capacity Building Initiative


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Patent application title: Apparatus and Method for Area Disinfection Using Ultraviolet Light
Brian Roy Henson (Rockwood, CA)
IPC8 Class: AB01J1912FI
USPC Class:
Class name: Radiant energy invisible radiant energy responsive electric signalling ultraviolet light responsive means
Publication date: 2012-12-06
Patent application number: 20120305787
Sign up to receive free email alerts when patent applications with chosen keywords are published SIGN UP
A surface disinfection system comprising a plurality of independently
placeable and controllable portable ultraviolet light emitting assemblies
(ULAs), and a control station for remotely controlling the plurality of
light assemblies. A cart housing the control station includes a dock for
storing and transporting the assemblies. Each assembly includes a tubular
UV-C lamp mounted on a portable base unit that includes electronic
components for generating power to the lamp, detecting motion within the
room being sterilized, detecting fluence levels and for audible alarm,
and for wireless communication with the control station which is located
outside the room during operation of the system. Using a plurality of
ULAs permits strategic placement of the radiation sources to minimize
shadows and thereby provides a thorough degree of disinfection.
Independent control of the ULAs permits shutting down any unit to
minimize the exposure to which UV-degradable materials are subject by
repeated disinfections over time.
1. An ultraviolet light emitting assembly for disinfecting surfaces
within an area, the assembly comprising: a base unit including a
programmable logic controller and a ventilation fan; a support rail
mounted to said base unit; a transparent sleeve supported by said support
rail; a UV-C light emitting source positioned within said sleeve defining
a ventilation channel between said sleeve and said UV-C light emitting
source, said ventilation channel including a first opened end and a
second opened end; and a temperature sensor associated with said UV-C
light emitting source for monitoring the temperature of said UV-C light
emitting source, wherein said ventilation fan is positioned within said
base unit for blowing air into said first opened end of said ventilation
channel, wherein said programmable logic controller is communication with
said temperature sensor, said programmable logic controller being
configured for enabling said ventilation fan to maintain the temperature
of said UV-C light emitting source within a predetermined temperature
range, or enabling said ventilation fan if the temperature of said UV-C
light emitting source exceeds a predetermined threshold, and wherein said
programmable logic controller is configured for selectively enabling said
UV-C light emitting source to radiate UV-C light into the area to
disinfect the surfaces located within the area
2. The assembly in accordance with claim 1 wherein said UV-C light emitting source is an amalgam lamp.
3. The assembly in accordance with claim 1 wherein said sleeve is formed of quartz.
4. The assembly in accordance with claim 1 further comprising a UV sensor mounted to said support rail and in communication with said programmable logic controller.
5. The assembly in accordance with claim 1 further comprising an antenna for allowing said programmable logic controller to wirelessly communicate with a remotely positioned control station.
6. The assembly in accordance with claim 1 wherein said temperature sensor is a Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD).
7. The assembly in accordance with claim 1 further comprising a motion detector that is in communication with said programmable logic controller.
[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for disinfecting surfaces; more particularly, to an apparatus and method for disinfecting surfaces using ultraviolet light; and most particularly, to an improved apparatus and method for the disinfection of rooms in, for example, hospitals and clinics, using UV-C light.
[0002] Surface disinfection of patient care areas is a key factor in the constant battle to reduce or eliminate Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs), also known in the art as nosocomial diseases or infections. Increased evidence published in scientific literature confirms that Clostridium difficile, MRSA, VRE, Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus subtilis var. niger, Bacillus anthracis Sterne, and influenza are transmitted via environmental surfaces and air. The problem has become so serious that many hospitals must close critical areas, such as operation theaters and intensive care units, to eradicate pathogens via terminal cleaning. HAIs contribute to rising health care costs and can lead to severe, if not lethal, affects on patients.
[0003] Surface disinfection of patient care areas can be performed by exposing surfaces to a dose (also referred to herein as "fluence") of UV-C light, which is a form of electromagnetic radiation that is harmful to micro-organisms such as pathogens, viruses, and molds. Fluence is a measure of the quantity of light or other radiation impinging from all directions on the smallest possible three dimensional object. Fluence is often expressed in millijoules per square centimeter (mJ/cm2).
[0004] Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is a sterilization method that uses ultraviolet (UV) radiation at a sufficiently short wavelength to break down micro-organisms. The short wavelength of UV-C is harmful to forms of life at the micro-organic level by destroying nucleic acids in these organisms so that their DNA and/or RNA chemical structure is disrupted by the UV radiation. The disruption prevents micro-organisms from replicating, thereby rendering them inactive and unable to cause infection. The primary mechanism of inactivation by UV is the creation of pyrimidine dimers which are bonds formed between adjacent pairs of thymine or cytosine pyrimidines on the same DNA or RNA strand.
[0005] Low pressure mercury lamps are particularly suitable for disinfection applications because they emit two narrow peak wavelengths of light at 185 nm and 254 nm, the latter peak being close to the wavelength where DNA and RNA experience maximum UV absorption (253.7 nm). The 185 nm emission causes disassociation of oxygen molecules to create ozone, a gas with a short half life that is an air pollutant with harmful effects on respiratory systems. The EPA has designated a safe concentration of ozone concentration to be 0.05 ppm in air. Therefore, UV lamps that generate ozone are generally undesirable for use in closed areas.
[0006] A primary benefit of using UV light for disinfection is that it does not contain or create any residuals or byproducts, such as can occur with chemical methods of purification. In fact, UV light is sometimes used to remove residuals, and disinfection by-products, such as chlorine, peroxide, ozone, and trihalomethanes, that can result from other purification processes.
[0007] Different species of microorganisms require varying levels of UV-C exposure, but nearly all can be effectively inactivated with a fluence level of about 30 mJ/cm2 of surface area. Fluence levels of this intensity can achieve a 4-log reduction for most microorganisms, equivalent to a 99.99% reduction in the number of active organisms.
[0008] However, the effectiveness of UV surface disinfection is dependent on line of sight exposure of the micro-organisms to the UV source. Environments with obstacles that block the source are not as effective, and UV reflectance may be low and unreliable. In such an environment, effectiveness is then reliant on the placement of the source system so that line-of-sight is optimum for surface disinfection. The effectiveness of a surface disinfection unit (SDU) in such an environment depends on a number of factors, including the length of time a micro-organism is exposed to UV; power fluctuations of the UV source that impact the wavelength; the distance of the surface from the radiation source; the ambient temperature; the humidity of the air; the presence of particles in the air; the presence of dust and dirt on the lamp surface; the presence of particles that can protect the micro-organisms from UV; and a microorganism's ability to withstand UV during its exposure.
[0009] A portable room disinfection unit employing a plurality of UV lamps on a single base unit is available under the trade name TRU_D from Lumalier Corporation, Memphis, Tenn., USA. The tubular lamps are disposed vertically about a vertical axis and irradiate radially in different directions. A shortcoming of such a single-unit ultraviolet area sterilizer (UVAS) is that any equipment or appurtenances in the room, such as beds, tables, and chairs must necessarily create shadow areas which can be irradiated only at a reduced intensity by reflections.
[0010] U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,656,424 and 6,911,177 disclose a method and apparatus for a mobile or stationary automated UVAS. The UVAS is positioned in a room, such as an operating room or intensive care unit, where concern exists regarding the presence of pathogenic bacteria on environmental surfaces. For an initial interval after actuation, motion detectors sense movement, to assure that personnel have evacuated the space to be sterilized. Subsequently, UV-C generators, such as a bank of mercury bulbs, generate intense levels of UV-C. After the bulbs have reached a steady state of output, an array of UV-C sensors scan the room to determine the darkest area, or the area reflecting the lowest level of UV-C back to the sensors. A basic stamp contained in the device calculates the time required to obtain a bactericidal dose of UV-C reflected back from darkest area. The UVAS transmits the calculated dose of UV-C, as well as other monitoring information, to the remote control where it is displayed to the user. Once a bactericidal dose has been reflected to all the sensors, the unit notifies the user and shuts down. By relying on reflected doses rather than direct exposure, the UVAS purportedly is able to sterilize or sanitize all surfaces within the room that are within view of an exposed wall or ceiling.
[0011] As noted above for the TR_D UVAS, a shortcoming of such a single-unit UVAS is that any equipment or appurtenances in the room, such as beds, tables, and chairs must necessarily create shadow areas which can be irradiated only at a reduced intensity by reflections. Further, auxiliary spaces, such a bathroom that commonly accompanies a hospital room, cannot be properly irradiated by a single UVAS, so a second UVAS is required. The patent references disclose an embodiment wherein a second UV lamp may be disposed apart from the UVAS, but powered and controlled by the UVAS, to assist in irradiating shadow areas of the UVAS.
[0012] What is needed in the art is a UV surface disinfection system comprising a plurality of independently placeable and independently controllable surface disinfection units controlled by a single remote control console, each unit having but a single ultraviolet lamp. The present invention fulfills this need as well as other needs.
[0013] Briefly described, the present invention is generally directed to an ultraviolet light emitting assembly (ULA) for disinfecting surfaces within an area, such as a room in a hospital or clinic. The ULA may comprise a base unit including a programmable logic controller and a ventilation fan, a support rail mounted to the base unit, a transparent sleeve supported by the support rail, and a UV-C light emitting source positioned within the sleeve defining a ventilation channel between the sleeve and the UV-C light emitting source. The ventilation channel may include a first opened end and a second opened end. The ULA may also include a temperature sensor associated with the UV-C light emitting source for monitoring the temperature of the UV-C light emitting source. The ventilation fan is positioned within the base unit so that it may blow air into the first opened end of the ventilation channel. The programmable logic controller is communication with the temperature sensor an is configured for enabling the ventilation fan if the temperature of the UV-C light emitting source exceeds a predetermined threshold. The ventilation fan may also be used to maintain the temperature of the UV-C light emitting source within a predetermined temperature range. Further, the programmable logic controller may be configured for selectively enabling the UV-C light emitting source to radiate UV-C light into the area to disinfect the surfaces located within the area
[0014] The present invention is also directed to a surface disinfection system comprising a plurality of independently placeable and independently controllable portable ULAs, and a control station for remotely controlling activation and deactivation of the plurality of light assemblies by wireless data communication. Each ULA includes a tubular lamp, for example, an amalgam lamp, vertically oriented and positioned within a protective quartz sleeve, wherein the lamp is capable of UV-C emission at a wavelength of about 254 nm. The lamp is mounted on a portable base unit, preferably with lockable castors for easy positioning of the ULA. Within the base unit are electronic components for generating power to the lamp, for detecting motion within the room being sterilized, for detecting fluence levels, for generating an audible alarm, and for wireless communication with a control station which is located remotely outside the room during operation of the system. Each base unit preferably may be connected directly for power to a 110v AC room receptacle. The plurality of ULAs permits strategic placement of the light emitting sources to minimize shadows and thereby provides a more thorough degree of disinfection than is possible with a single-location device as in the prior art. Further, independent control of the plurality of ULAs permits shutting down one such unit operating in an area requiring less lengthy irradiation, such as a small bathroom. This minimizes the total exposure to which UV-degradable materials may be subject by repeated disinfections over time. In one embodiment, a portable cart housing the control station includes a dock for storing and transporting the plurality of base units between uses.
[0015] In operation, the ULAs are unloaded from the cart and positioned strategically within the area to be irradiated, taking into account various factors including room width and length and the minimization of shadows when the ULAs are energized. The ULAs are plugged in, and the cart is rolled outside the area. The area is checked for absence of all personnel and then temporarily sealed against re-entry. The control station is programmed for operation of the ULAs and the ULAs are energized. At the conclusion of the programmed time period, the ULAs are denergized and the area is opened for re-entry of personnel. The ULAs are unplugged and reloaded onto the cart for future use.
[0016] The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification and are to be read in conjunction therewith, wherein like reference numerals are employed to indicate like parts in the various views, and wherein:
[0017] FIG. 1 is an elevational view of one embodiment of an ultraviolet light emitting assembly (ULA) in accordance with the present invention;
[0018] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the ULA shown in FIG. 1;
[0019] FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a base unit of the ULA shown in FIG. 2 with the protective sleeve removed;
[0020] FIG. 4 is a view of the base unit similar to FIG. 3 with a portion of the outer case removed showing various components of the ULA;
[0021] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the lower portion of the ULA taken along line 5-5 in FIG. 2;
[0022] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the upper portion of the ULA taken along line 6-6 in FIG. 2;
[0023] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a ULA in accordance with the present invention, showing three ULAs docked on a cart for storage and transport, wherein the cart also includes the control station for the ULAs;
[0024] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of one of the ULAs shown in FIG. 7;
[0025] FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the base unit of the ULA shown in FIG. 8;
[0026] FIG. 10 is an enlarge view of a foot pedal on the docking cart shown in FIG. 7;
[0027] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the control station on the docking cart shown in FIG. 7;
[0028] FIG. 12 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the cart shown in FIG. 7.
[0029] FIG. 13 is a schematic plan view of a system including an example of a multiple-ULA layout for use in accordance with the present invention;
[0030] FIGS. 14 through 25 are sequential menu screens of the control station for use by an operator during operation of a UV surface disinfection system in accordance with the present invention; and
[0031] FIG. 26 is a block diagram generally illustrating a computing environment in which the various aspects of the present invention may be implemented.
[0032] The exemplifications set out herein illustrate various embodiments of the invention, and such exemplifications are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.
[0033] Referring to the drawings in more detail, and initially to FIGS. 1 through 6, one embodiment 10 of an ultraviolet light emitting assembly (ULA) in accordance with the present invention generally comprises a base unit 12, a vertical support rail 14 mounted to base unit 12, a transparent protective sleeve 16 supported by support rail 14, and a UV-C light emitting source 18 positioned within sleeve 16. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a plurality of ULAs may be associated with a control station 19 (FIG. 7) to form a system for disinfecting an area, such as a room in a hospital or clinic. In operation of the system, the plurality of ULAs are strategically placed within a room to be disinfected so that, when control station 19 operates to remotely activate and deactivate the plurality of ULAs to emit UV-C light within the room, the shadows within the room are minimized and the surfaces within the room are efficiently disinfected.
[0034] As best seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, base unit 12 may include an enabling on/off safety lock-out switch 20, an electric power cord 22, and a detachable case 24 for enclosing the components of base unit 12. Case 24 may include a plurality of venting slots 26 defined therein for allowing air to flow into and out of the internal compartment of base unit 12. Base unit 12 may be supported on four lockable castors 28 so that the ULA 10 may be easily transported.
[0035] Referring to FIG. 4, base unit 12 may also contain a transformer 30 connected to power cord 22, a DC power supply 32, a contactor 34, a plurality of terminal blocks 36, a ballast 38 and a programmable logic controller (PLC) 40 that monitors and controls the operations of ULA 10 and also transmits status data and other data wirelessly using a Bluetooth antenna or other type of wireless communication device 42 to control station 19 for monitoring by an operator of the system. For example, as best seen in FIG. 2, a UV sensor 44 may be mounted to support rail 14 and configured for measuring fluence levels. UV sensor 44 monitors the output level of the lamp and communicates with PLC 40 to confirm that the system is emitting the required amount of UV-C radiation to disinfect the required surfaces. An audible alarm may be included on base unit 12 and activated by PLC 40 if the UV-C output level falls below a predetermined minimum threshold. Transformer 30 provides the variable-output 220-volt AC power required for lamp ballast 38. Ballast 38 controls the electric power to lamp 18 and is interfaced to PLC 40 preferably via an RS 422 link. PLC 40 uses this link to control ballast parameters. DC power supply 32 provides the 24-volt DC power required for the control of circuits driving lamp 18. Contactor 34 controls the on/off state of the UV-C lamp 18 by switching the power to ballast 38. The coil of contactor 34 is controlled by PLC 40.
[0036] As best seen in FIGS. 4 and 5, base unit 12 may also include a Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) temperature sensor 46 and a ventilation fan 48. The PLC 40 also monitors and controls the temperature of the glass surface at each lamp's 18 amalgam pellet by selectively enabling ventilation fan 48. The temperature of this location on the UV-C lamp 18 should be monitored in order to maintain stability in the UV-C irradiance level. The RTD/temperature sensor 46 provides glass surface temperature to PLC 40 as part of a feedback control loop including fan 48. For example, if the temperature of lamp 18 rises above a predetermined operable threshold, PLC 40 may be configured to activate fan 48 to lower the temperature of lamp 14 within an acceptable temperature range. Also, PLC 40 may be configured to enable ventilation fan 48 to maintain the temperature of lamp 18 within a predetermined operable temperature range.
[0037] In particular, as best seen in FIGS. 5 and 6, lamp 18 is mounted between a lower socket 50 and an upper socket 52 of ULA 10, and protective sleeve 16, which may be formed of doped quartz glass, is configured so that it surrounds lamp 18 to define a ventilation channel 54 therebetween. A bottom portion of sleeve 16 is configured to be removably secured within an aperture formed within a top portion of base unit 12, and a top portion of sleeve 16 is configured to be removably secured to a top end 14a of support rail 14. Ventilation channel 54 includes a first open end 56 adjacent to lower socket 50 and a second open end 58 adjacent to upper socket 52. Further, a ventilation hub 60 is disposed on the top portion of sleeve 16 to maintain spacing between protective sleeve 16 and lamp 18. Hub 60 has holes defined therein so that second open end 58 remains open to the external environment. Fan 48 is mounted within base unit 12 and positioned so that when fan 48 is activated by PLC 40, fan 48 will pull air through venting slots 26 and blow it through first open end 56, across the surface lamp 18, and out second open end 58 to reduce the temperature of lamp 18, or maintain the temperature of lamp 18 within a predetermined temperature range, as shown by the arrows 64 in FIGS. 5 and 6.
[0038] Referring now to FIGS. 7-9, another embodiment 10' of a ULA in accordance with the present invention is shown. With particular reference to FIG. 7, three ULAs 10' are shown disposed in a slotted dock 66 having upper and lower portions 66a, 66b formed in a portable transportation and storage docking cart 68. Lower portion 66 may be configured so that ULAs 10' may be elevated off the ground when positioned within lower portion 66 to facilitate the transportation of the ULAs 10' from one location to another. As best seen in FIG. 10, ULAs 10' may be elevated off the ground by actuating a pump action foot pedal 70 mounted to lower portion 66b, which may in turn be released to lower ULAs 10' back to the ground when seeking to re-deploy ULAs 10'. For convenience in unloading and loading ULAs 10' from cart 68, the base units 12' are preferably circular rather than rectangular as in previously described embodiment 10, although the previously described embodiment 10 may also be used with docking cart 68. In embodiment 10', support rail 14 is omitted and is replaced by a plurality of thin radial flanges 72, which may be fixed to lower socket 50 or base unit 12', supportive of upper socket 52, and protective of sleeve 16 and UV lamp 14. Moreover, ULA 10' may include a top assembly 74 including upper socket 50, a motion sensor 76 so that the UV-C light can be shut off if motion is sensed in a room which ULA 10' is present and actively emitting UV-C light, and a wireless communication device 42' allowing for communication between ULA 10' and control station 19. As best seen in FIG. 11, computerized programmable control station 19 may be mounted adjacent to a handle 78 of docking cart 68. Control station 19 includes an operator interface such as a keyboard/touch pad 80 and a screen 82, which may be a touch screen, to assist the operator in controlling the ULAs, and monitoring the ULAs and the conditions within the room, when disinfecting a room using the system. It should be understood that control station 19 may be used with either ULA 10, ULA 10', or a combination thereof.
[0039] As best seen in FIG. 12, an alternative type of cart 68' is contemplated wherein a plurality of ULAs 10 or 10' may be connected to cart 68' to form a train. The portion of cart 68' having control station 19 would have handle 78 for pushing and pulling the train of ULAs around the hospital, for example. The cart 68' and ULAs may be selectively coupled together using a coupling mechanism 94 so that they become a ridged single unit when they are coupled together. The coupled train would move similar to docking cart 68 with multiple wheels as there would be no articulation between ULAs. In operation, coupling mechanisms 94 would be removed to disengage the train so that ULAs may be strategically positioned within the room to be disinfected, and the cart 68' along with the control station 19 would be positioned in front of door 92 (FIG. 12). One reason for using the train approach instead of the docking approach is that the detached cart 68' would be significantly smaller than the fully assembled train with its cart 68' and ULAs or the lift mechanism style of docking cart 68. This is important in a hospital environment since leaving equipment left in the working hall ways is discouraged.
[0040] The selection of the UV-C light source to be used in lamp 14 for the ULAs is highly important to the success and acceptance of the system. The following types of UV-C light sources are commercially available: low pressure mercury standard output; low pressure mercury high output; low pressure amalgam; and medium pressure mercury.
[0041] Low-pressure UV lamps are sub-divided into three categories: standard output, high output, and amalgam. Standard and high output lamps rely on mercury vapor, which emits UV radiation when excited by electricity. Amalgam lamps are different in that they do not use liquid mercury but rather a mixture of bismuth, indium-2 and mercury (amalgam) that is bound to the inside wall of the lamp's glass envelope (amalgam spot).
[0042] Standard and high-output UV lamps' mercury vapor pressures within their glass envelopes are governed by the temperature of tiny droplets of free flowing liquid mercury. The liquid mercury droplets collect at the coldest spot inside the lamp, and maximum UV-C output occurs when the mercury droplets are at a peak temperature of 40° C. The difference between standard and high output lamps is that high output lamps are driven at a higher electrical current and input wattage, are equipped with heavier filaments, and are capable of carrying higher electrical loads. These "heavy duty" filaments also provide a more controlled cold spot (behind themselves) for mercury collection, enabling the lamp to produce greater levels of useable UV-C power (typically two times the power level of a Standard Output UV Lamp).
[0043] Amalgam Lamps use a "fixed amalgam spot" in place of free flowing liquid mercury. This "amalgam spot" provides the optimum mercury vapor pressure at an operating temperature of 80° C. which allows for greater input current loads and, in turn, greater UV-C output. Additionally, the "amalgam spot" regulates the mercury during operation: if the internal lamp pressure falls, the "amalgam spot" releases mercury into the excited vapor; if the pressure rises, it will absorb mercury from the vapor. This inherent regulation maintains stable UV output while offering significantly broader ambient temperature tolerances (typically two times the power level of a high output UV lamp).
[0044] Medium-pressure lamps produce the majority of their UV output in the UV-A and UV-B spectral areas well outside the specific UV-C wavelength commonly used for disinfecting surfaces. In order to obtain maximum life from a medium-pressure lamp, the lamp's operating temperature must constantly be monitored and controlled. This increased level of control adds a higher level of sophistication and expense to the disinfection system.
[0045] ULA 10 or 10' will be required to operate in existing patient care areas using the existing electrical utilities. This restricts the amount of power the system will have for its operation. Therefore the most important factor in selecting a light source will be the ratio of input power to the corrected output UV-C power of the light source. It is important to select a light source that is the most efficient in generating the raw disinfection energy as this will be a major factor in the time the system takes to disinfect an area.
[0046] The system must be designed to disinfect an area repeatedly under operating conditions that will degrade the UV-C output power of the light source over time. The corrected output UV-C power must be used so that the system is designed using the worst case UV-C power output, thereby ensuring that the repeatability of the system is not compromised.
[0047] The light source's corrected output UV-C power will be affected by source-dependent variables including ambient temperature and UV losses due to solarization of the lamp tube over operating time, and by source-independent variables including dirt and dust on the lamp surface, transmissivity of air, suspended solids/dust in air, and surface distance from the light source.
[0048] The low pressure amalgam light source is the most efficient in generating raw disinfecting UV-C energy. It is 25 percent better that the low pressure standard light source, due mainly to a coating used to reduce the effects of solarization. During lamp operation, the mercury that is used to create the UV energy reacts with the applied electrical arc which, over time, forms a very gradual plating of mercury oxide onto the inside surface of the lamp's glass envelope which absorbs UV light, reducing the transmissivity of the envelope and thereby reducing the disinfection capability of the system over time.
[0049] The surface temperature of the various lamp types are different and will also affect the radiation output under different ambient temperatures. The surface temperature of the lamp is also a safety concern as a lamp could become a fire hazard or cause a burn to operating personnel. Preferably, each lamp 18 is sheathed in quartz sleeve 16 that is transparent to UV-C light and provides protection for the lamp 18. Further, sleeve 16 provides ventilation channel 54 between sleeve 16 and lamp 18 for passage of air from cooling fan 48 over the lamp surface to keep lamp 18 cool. Low pressure amalgam lamps have a normal surface temperature operating range of about 80° C. to about 90° C. with a maximum temperature of 130° C. They also have the lowest losses over the largest ambient temperature range, although this should not be a major factor as it is expected that the room temperature will remain substantially constant during disinfection.
[0050] The selection of a lamp type will have a maintenance impact on the disinfection system. The quantity of lamps needed for the rated input power will affect the maintenance of the system by affecting cleaning time, lamp replacement number and time, quantity of hazardous material (mercury or amalgam), component failure probability (lamps, ballast, and connections), and durability to breakage. Further, low pressure amalgam lamps require 25 percent fewer components (lamp, ballast, and connector) resulting in lower maintenance. Cleaning of the lamps is the major preventive maintenance issue as it directly impacts the level of UV-C emission from the ULA. The lamps should be kept clean and free of dust at all times, as accumulated dust will absorb UV light and convert it to heat, therefore lowering the effectiveness and lifetime of the UV lamp. For all these reasons, the presently preferred UV-C lamp for use in a disinfection system in accordance with the present invention is a low pressure amalgam lamp.
[0051] Referring now to FIG. 12, an exemplary area to be disinfected by a disinfection system in accordance with the present invention may be a room 84, which may be a hospital or clinic room and which may include a dedicated bathroom 86. Embodiments 10 and 10' define ULAs that can be deployed and controlled around rooms 84, 86 independently of each other.
[0052] A plurality of ULAs 10 or 10' are unloaded from docking cart 68, are positioned at strategically determined locations within rooms 84, 86, plugged into room electrical receptacles 88, and enabled by turning on their individual on/off safety lock-out switches 20 (FIG. 3). Alternatively, if room 84 lacks sufficient electrical receptacles, each ULA may be provided with a pass-through circuit and receptacle 90 (FIG. 9) such that a ULA may be plugged into and obtain power from an adjacent ULA. The position of each ULA will be discussed in more detail below. The cart 68 and associated control station 19 then are removed from room 84 and positioned remotely outside the area to be irradiated. Room door 92 is closed and preferably cart 68 is positioned in front of the door 92 such that any physical entry to room 84 during irradiation is temporarily prevented. The further operation of the system is described in detail below in connection with FIGS. 14 through 25.
[0053] A currently preferred sequence for safely operating an area disinfection system in accordance with the present invention is as follows. The system is deployed and controlled using an interactive "Deployment Wizard" for an operator via keyboard/touch pad 80 and screen 82 located on control station 19. This wizard leads an operator throughout the steps necessary to position the ULAs 10 or 10' optimally, and to control and monitor the system's operation.
[0054] To initiate the Deployment Wizard, as best seen in FIG. 14, the operator may touch the "Zeller" (or any other system-identifying) Button 102 on the first screen 100. As seen in FIG. 15, a Mode Selection Screen 104 appears, and the operator selects the Operations Button 106 to access the Deployment Wizard. As best seen in FIG. 16, a Deployment Wizard Warning Screen 108 appears where the operator must acknowledge the warning messages by touching the Accept Button 110. As best seen in FIG. 17, a Room Set Wizard Screen 112 appears, wherein the operator must enter the number or name of the room to be disinfected in the Entry Field 114, and then touch the Next Button 116. As best seen in FIG. 18, a Room Set Wizard Screen 118 appears and the operator must enter the length of the room to be disinfected in the Length Entry Field 120, and then touch the Next Button 122. As best seen in FIG. 19, a Room Set Wizard Screen 124 appears and the operator must enter the width of the room to be disinfected in the Width Entry Field 126, and then touch the Next Button 128. As seen in FIG. 20, a Room Set Wizard Screen 130 appears, wherein the operator can touch the Next Button 134 if he has deployed the ULAs 10 or 10' in the positions as suggested in the Table 132, including the positioning of a ULAs in the Bath Room in a generally central location. The system calculates the suggested placement locations for each ULA based on an algorithm that minimizes the distance from the nearest ULA to the outside walls of the room. The irradiance level at the outside walls of the room is proportional to the inverse square of the distance between the ULA lamp and the surface being disinfected. The system uses the actual distances from the outside walls to calculate the disinfection time, using at least the following factors, in order to obtain the fluence level required to disinfect the room: maximum distance to walls; irradiance level of the lamp at 1 meter distance; and fluence level set point required for disinfection.
[0055] If the ULAs 10 or 10' cannot be deployed as suggested in Table 132, the operator should touch the Edit Positions Button 136 to advance to Room Setup Wizard 138 as seen in FIG. 21, wherein the operator is asked to enter the actual locations of the ULAs 10 or 10' in Column 140. It should be understood that operation should position ULAs to minimize creation of shadows in the room. The Next Button 142 should then be touched to advance through Wizard.
[0056] As best seen in FIG. 22, a Room Prep and Check-list Menu 144 appears and the operator is required to check off that each item on the list has been performed: that the room has been thoroughly cleaned; that UV protective covering where necessary is in place; that the room is free of UV-sensitive medications; that the room is unoccupied; that room safeties, including sealing against entry, are in place; that the room overall is properly prepared for disinfection; and that an authorized operator is present. The operator then presses the Log In Button 146.
[0057] As best seen in FIG. 23, a Log-In Menu 148 appears and, before starting a disinfection cycle, the operator is required to enter a user ID and password, then press the OK Button 150. As best seen in FIG. 24, a Confirm Safe Operation Menu 152 appears and the operator is required to press an Accept Button 154 to start a disinfection cycle. As best seen in FIG. 25, an Operation Status Monitor Menu 156 appears. This screen displays dynamic data relative to the operation of the three ULA 10 or 10' emitters during the disinfection cycle. Should the system go out of control during operation, the operator presses the Stop Button 158 to de-energize all ULAs. In normal operation, the control station 19 will automatically shut down the system at the end of the prescribed disinfection cycle.
[0058] As would be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the described Deployment Wizard may be a software module that is individually or collectively implemented on single or multiple computing devices, such as control stations 19, and such computing devices may be co-located or otherwise dispersed across a network 160. Such implementations and arrangements achieve the objectives of the present invention and are contemplated and within the scope of the present invention.
[0059] Having described the apparatus and method of the present invention and an embodiment thereof, an exemplary computer environment for implementing the described Deployment Wizard, or the functionality of PLC 40 in each ULA 10 or 10' as previously described, is set forth below.
[0060] FIG. 26 illustrates an exemplary computing environment 200 that can be used to implement any of the processing thus far described. As shown, computer 212 may be a personal computer including a system bus 224 that couples a video interface 226, network interface 228, one or more serial ports 232, a keyboard/mouse interface 234, and a system memory 236 to a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 238. A monitor or display 82, 240 is connected to bus 224 by video interface 226 and provides the user with a graphical user interface to interact with the system and method of the present invention. The graphical user interface allows the user to enter commands and information into computer 212 using a keyboard 80, 241 and a user interface selection device 243, such as a mouse or other pointing device. Keyboard 80, 241 and user interface selection device are connected to bus 224 through keyboard/mouse interface 234. The display 82, 240 and user interface selection device 243 are used in combination to form the graphical user interface which allows the user to implement at least a portion of the present invention. Other peripheral devices may be connected to remote computer through serial port 232 or universal serial bus (USB) drives 245 to transfer information to and from remote computer 212. For example, personal digital assistants (PDA) or other smart devices may be connected to computer 212 through serial port 232 or USB port 245a so that transaction information or other data may be downloaded to system memory 236 or another memory storage device associated with computer 212.
[0061] The system memory 236 is also connected to bus 224 and may include read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), an operating system 244, a basic input/output system (BIOS) 246, application programs 248 and program data 250. Computer 212 may further include a hard disk drive 252 for reading from and writing to a hard disk, a magnetic disk drive 254 for reading from and writing to a removable magnetic disk (e.g., floppy disk), and an optical disk drive 256 for reading from and writing to a removable optical disk (e.g., CD ROM or other optical media). Computer 212 may also include USB drives 245 and other types of drives for reading from and writing to flash memory devices (e.g., compact flash, memory stick/PRO and DUO, SD card, multimedia card, smart media xD card), and a scanner 258 for scanning items to be downloaded to computer 212. A hard disk interface 252a, magnetic disk drive interface 254a, an optical drive interface 256a, a USB interface 245a, and a scanner interface 258a operate to connect bus 224 to hard disk drive 252, magnetic disk drive 254, optical disk drive 256, USB drive 245 and a scanner 258, respectively. Each of these drive components and their associated computer-readable media may provide computer 212 with non-volatile storage of computer-readable instruction, program modules, data structures, application programs, an operating system, and other data for the computer 212. In addition, it will be understood that computer 212 may also utilize other types of computer-readable media in addition to those types set forth herein, such as digital video disks, random access memory, read only memory, other types of flash memory cards, magnetic cassettes, and the like.
[0062] Computer 212 may operate in a networked environment. Network interface 228 provides a communication path 260 between bus 224 and the network 160. It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that the network connections shown herein are merely exemplary, and it is contemplated and within the scope of the present invention to use other types of network connections between computer 212 and any other computing devices including both wired and wireless connections.
[0063] From the foregoing, it will be seen that this invention is one well adapted to attain all the ends and objectives hereinabove set forth together with other advantages which are obvious and which are inherent to the method and apparatus. It will be understood that certain features and sub-combinations are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features and sub-combinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of the claims. Since many possible embodiments of the invention may be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is also to be understood that all matters herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings are to be interpreted as illustrative and not limiting.
[0064] The constructions described above and illustrated in the drawings are presented by way of example only and are not intended to limit the concepts and principles of the present invention. As used herein, the terms "having" and/or "including" and other terms of inclusion are terms indicative of inclusion rather than requirement.
[0065] While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof to adapt to specific situations without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope and spirit of the appended claims.
Patent applications in class Ultraviolet light responsive means
Patent applications in all subclasses Ultraviolet light responsive means
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text:
Flipkart's Sachin Bansal reiterates stand on 'level playing field' for local cos
E-commerce giant Flipkart's co-founder Sachin Bansal has re-ignited the debate around a "level playing field" for Indian startups, saying it is essential to ensure that local companies don't get "prematurely killed" by foreign competition. "Indian companies can and they should build products which are world-class, and take them globally. Zomato, Practo and Freshdesk are clear […]Read more


text: The following reply was made to PR kern/36673; it has been noted by GNATS. From: Juan Romero Pardines <email@example.com> To: email@example.com Cc: Subject: PR/36673 CVS commit: src/sys Date: Sun, 22 Jul 2007 18:17:03 +0000 (UTC) Module Name: src Committed By: xtraeme Date: Sun Jul 22 18:17:03 UTC 2007 Modified Files: src/sys/dev/sysmon: sysmon_envsys.c sysmon_envsysvar.h src/sys/sys: envsys.h Log Message: Fix the last point reported by yamt in PR kern/36673: - There must be three mandatory objects in a sensor to be valid and be enabled on its dictionary: units, state and desc. If any of these objects fails for some reason, its dictionary won't created in the array and sensor will be marked with ENVSYS_FNOTVALID in edata->flags. That means there won't never be a partial dictionary. - Mark all invalid sensors and sensors with duplicate description with ENVSYS_FNOTVALID and remove ENVSYS_FDUPDESC. The former is the generic way to say that a sensor does not obey the rules and must be not created. - sysmon_envsys_createplist: if the array does not contain any object, release the array and return the error. And with all that stuff I can go to holidays and be happy. To generate a diff of this commit: cvs rdiff -r1.40 -r1.41 src/sys/dev/sysmon/sysmon_envsys.c cvs rdiff -r1.10 -r1.11 src/sys/dev/sysmon/sysmon_envsysvar.h cvs rdiff -r1.13 -r1.14 src/sys/sys/envsys.h Please note that diffs are not public domain; they are subject to the copyright notices on the relevant files.


text:
Shipping company Oceanex has made the decision to close its small operation on Newfoundland's west coast.
Chairperson Sid Hynes said four Oceanex employees and four security people in Corner Brook will lose their jobs.
Hynes said business has dropped off at the port, and Oceanex cannot compete with Marine Atlantic and its federal subsidy.
"Well, it's not something we took lightly ... it's not something we want to do," said Hynes.
"But obviously we need to reduce costs where our volume is not sufficient to warrant these costs. So it's a dollar and cent issue."
Hynes said Oceanex will continue to deliver goods to customers on the west coast from its terminal in St. John's.
The company will also maintain a building and a large dockside crane in Corner Brook.


text: Yes, I may be able to help. Getting RNA with trizol from cell lines is a cinch. With biological samples, when resuspending the RNA, USE an RNase inhibiter. I have just used Promega RNasin, and it works. Put it on the RNA pellet first, then add water or TE, *with* 10 mM (I guess) DTT so the enzyme works. I use 80 U / 30 ul TE. Also, with TRIreagent don't over do the reccomendations of sample:reagent Despite the instructions also try doing *everything* on ice, (except pelletdrying) and precip RNA for -20 C for 1 hr. As far as detergents, TRIreagent doesn't go frothy - does this allow for a guess? If you want to try your faithful chom.&sacchi method (though I find TRi reagent better for some reason (a secret ingrediant?), instead of using solution D, add the GITC salt (1 ml blood => 0.5 g GITC, 7.2 ul/ml mercapto EtOH, 1/10 vol 2M pH 4.0 acetate, equal vol acid/water phenol, and chloroform followed by a few (bloody many) phenol chloroform extractns If you can, do you pellet the blood (all cells) for TRI reagent extraction? One more thing, In Australia, TRI reagent from Sigma is by FAR the cheapest. Please feed back, if you find anything. jnakamot at ucla.edu (Jon Nakamoto) writes: > > We're trying to analyze RNA expression patterns of human mixed leukocyte > populations immediately after drawing the blood sample (i.e., we don't have > time to let the samples sit, lyse the RBCs, separate out individual > populations by adherence, etc.) > > Using reagents such as Trizol LS (with or without added acetic acid), > TriReagent BD, yields from either whole blood (directly added to the > reagent or from EDTA tubes) or from buffy coats (sucked out of EDTA tubes > after a quick spin) have been uniformly terrible (RNA isolation from > cultured lymphoblasts performed in parallel give good yields, so it's not a > simple problem of lab klutziness). > > Any tips? I know there's a protocol using Catrimox, but the amount of > Catrimox used relative to the volume of whole blood is huge. > > A long time ago I used to mix up my own guanidinium isothiocyanate-acid > phenol solution (a la the Chomczynksi & Sacchi original recipe), drop the > buffy coats into this, layer it all on a CsCl/EDTA cushion and spin it down > in an ultracentrifuge -- got fair yields of good quality RNA at the bottom > of the tube. I note that there was 10% sarcosyl in this GIT/acid phenol > solution -- could this be making the difference (anyone know if Trizol and > TriReagent include this stuff?) > > Thanks for your insights. > > Jon and Daina > > Jon Nakamoto, MD,PhD > Assistant Professor, Pediatric Endocrinology > UCLA > > Daina Dreimane, MD > Fellow, Pediatric Endocrinology > UCLA


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January 3, 2006
Colombia Indians Aim to Take on Coke with Coca Drink
By Jason Webb
INZA, Colombia -- Colombian Indians are using the raw material of cocaine to make a soft drink they hope will displace in their area another, better known beverage with the same ingredient: Coca-Cola.Coca Sek -- a fizzy, sweet yellow drink with a fruity, slightly herbal taste -- is being made using coca leaf by Nasa Indians living in the village of Calderas high in the green mountains of Cauca Province in southern Colombia.
While it will only become commercially available for the first time in the next few months in the southern Colombian city of Popayan, there has been plenty of initial buyer interest and the cooperative which makes the drink hopes eventually to export it.
The Indians, who have invested $13,000 and aim to start producing a modest 20,000 bottles per month, hope that by selling a soft drink based on coca they will revive a key part of their culture by bringing it into the modern economy.
Coca has long been sacred to the Nasa, who chewed the bitter leaf for its properties as a mild stimulant and appetite suppressant and used it in their rituals. But coca is also used to make cocaine, and its traditional consumption, even though legal for Colombia's Indians, is declining under the impact of the government's U.S.-funded war on the narcotics industry.
"I always say a town without coca is a town which has died," Nasa woman Fabiola Pinacue told Reuters in the remote town of Inza. She helped launch Coca Sek in December at a stall in the town's market as Indians nearby bartered produce including coca leaf for vegetables and live ducks.
"Coca leaf has been under attack, from the state, from the Church, from education," she said, speaking with her 5-month-old daughter strapped to her back in traditional fashion.
In addition to preserving their customs, the Indians also hope Coca Sek will, at least within their own territories, take some sales from Coca-Cola, a product for which they have a special animosity.
This is partly because of accusations by a union, which Coca-Cola denies, of human rights abuses at bottling plants in Colombia.
But Coca-Cola is also a worldwide symbol of the United States, which the Indians blame for the government's drive against coca. And, to top it off, this emblem of anti-coca America actually uses the leaf but won't admit to it.
"The people behind Coca-Cola are hypocrites," Pinacue said. "Coca-Cola doesn't dare speak about coca."
"But we are saying straight out to the country and the world that we're not ashamed and we're not doing anything harmful. We are the people who know about coca."
Coca-Cola is extremely coy on the subject of coca, even though the leaf gave the drink the first part of its name and its qualities as a stimulant were included in early promotion in the late 19th century, when it was marketed as an "Intellectual Beverage and Temperance drink."
At the time, cocaine was available over the counter in the United States and was recommended as a cure for many ills ranging from fatigue to hay fever.
But Coca-Cola began to clam up over its use of coca leaves when a scare about the negative side effects of cocaine swept America in the early 20th century, leading to the drug being progressively restricted.
These days, the company clearly worries that it could be damaged by publicity about coca and that consumers might confuse the leaf with refined cocaine.
When asked about coca leaves, a spokeswoman at Coca-Cola headquarters in Atlanta said the drink's ingredients are secret, although she was careful to add that it does not contain cocaine.
However, it is pretty easy to follow the trail of legal coca exports from South America to the United States. And Coca-Cola itself has occasionally owned up to using coca -- as it did in an interview with the New York Times back in 1988.
Pressed by Reuters about the evidence regarding the company's use of coca leaf, the spokeswoman, Kirsten Witt, suffered from a slip of the tongue.
"It's just part of I guess you would say our marketing, in that it's the secret ingredient," she said.
Of course anyone hoping to get a cocaine hit from Coca-Cola will be disappointed -- the only "buzz" the drink gives comes from sugar and caffeine. For 100 years, the company has used a flavor extract derived from the leaf in a process that removes traces of stimulant.
In contrast to Coke's reticence, the Nasa proudly admit that they do nothing to eliminate the active component of coca from Coca Sek, although it is present in such tiny amounts that it is impossible to notice any effect.
And, far from coca cultivation encouraging production of narcotics, the Nasa hope that by providing a legal outlet for coca leaf and purchasing it to make the drink as well as other products including coca tea, wine and biscuits, they will push drug traffickers from their territories.
The cooperative making the drink pays growers about the same as traffickers -- about $3 for 2.2 pounds (1 kg) of leaf -- but is much more reliable and does not bring violence or unwelcome police attention, Pinacue said.
The idea to make Coca Sek comes as Colombia's Indian minority, particularly in Cauca, is becoming more assertive. The Nasa have even tried to ban the different factions in the country's decades-old guerrilla war from entering their territories.
But, while the Indians would like to eventually export Coca Sek, it is early days yet and the launch of the drink in Inza was almost ruined when a car bringing the first few cases of the drink from a bottling plant in the city of Pasto broke down on a cold stretch of high altitude dirt road.


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Sandwich spread recipe
1/2 cup mayonnaise
1/3 cup plain nonfat yogurt
6 eggs, hard boiled, chopped
1 teaspoon prepared yellow mustard
1/4 teaspoon dried dill weed powder
1 teaspoon lemon juice
1/3 cup sweet or red onion, minced
1/3 cup chopped celery
1/3 cup chopped bell pepper
1 teaspoon sugar
1/8 teaspoon salt
1/8 teaspoon black pepper
1/2 teaspoon sweet paprika
Mix everything together well except the paprika, use it to garnish.
Spread the mixture on bread, add a couple of pickle chips, lettuce leaf and tomato slices to sandwich if desired.
Serve sandwich with potato chips
Recipe makes 4 Sandwiches
More Sandwich Recipes
Cooking Fish
Fried Baked Fish
Seafood Gumbo
Oven Baked Fish
Salmon Loaf with Egg Sauce
Halibut Steaks
Crispy Fish Fry
Fried Catfish
Tuna Patty Burger
Tuna Melt
Dessert and Pastry
Pie Crust
Hot Apple Cobbler
Cherry Pie
Strawberry Pie
Bread Pudding
Just Apple Pie
Just Lemon Pie
Reese's Peanut Butter Pie
Ritz Cracker Cake Dessert
Bread Pudding
Just Pumpkin Pie
Big Boy's Strawberry Pie
Whipped Cream
2 Hour Nut Rolls
Funnel Cakes
Just Rice Pudding
Hot Fudge Topping
Just Peanut Butter Cookies
Apple Fritters
Carrot Cake
Darlene's Chocolate Cake
Apple Strudel
Darren's Chocolate Chip Cookie
Cream Puff
Meat Recipes
Consumer Corned Beef (USDA)
Thai - Pork Spare Ribs
European Cabbage Rolls
How to Thaw Frozen Meat
Cabbage Rolls, Meat Stuffed
Six (6) Beef Chuck Roast Recipes
Asian satay - Meat on a stick
Wine Steak with Mushroom Sauce
Bar B-Q Pork Spareribs
Beef Brisket
Amish Stew
Sauerkraut and Pork
Pan Fried Steak
Pan Fry Pork Chop
Meat Stuffed Tomatoes
City Chicken
Amish Meal Tidbits
Stuffed Cabbage Rolls
Stuffed grape leaves
Steak on a Stick
Corned Beef and Cabbage
Glazed Chinese Ribs
Hungarian Kocsonya
Chinese Orange Beef
Roast Leg of Lamb
Cooking a Ham - Boiling or Baking
Prime Rib and Standing Rib Roast
Beef Tenderloin Steak, Chateaubriand
Flambe Steak Dianne
Lamb Chops
How to purchase better tasting steaks
Short ribs in sauce
Hungarian Goulash
Ground Round Steak Burger
Ground beef and macaroni
Dry Rub For Barbecue Pork
Breaded Cutlet
Grape Jelly Meatballs
Swedish Meatballs
McDonald's Big Mac Sauce
German Beer Brats
Chopped Ham Salad
Mexican Enchiladas
Gypsy Campfire Bacon
Italian Hero Sub (Toast A Sub)
Chunky Chicken Salad
Nine (9) Bagel Combinations
Peanut Butter Bacon Sandwich
Lum's Beer Hot Dogs
Grilled Reuben Sandwich
Grilled Monte Cristo Sandwich
McDonalds Filet-o-Fish
Egg Salad Sandwich Spread
Coney Island Hot Dog Sauce
Burger King Jr. Whooper
Polish Boy Sandwich
Fuddruckers Hamburger
Cuban Sandwich
the French Dip
Breakfast and Brunch Recipes
Sausage Gravy Biscuits
Fluffy Scrambled Eggs
Plain Biscuits or Flavored
Waffles, Plain or Bacon
Fresh Egg Test
How to Cook Perfect Eggs
The Perfect Hard Boiled Egg
Plain Pancakes
Plain French Toast
Deviled Eggs


text:
Sometimes we all need a little pampering!
Now, as you can see, I'm a pretty macho guy but I gotta tell you – being pampered in the full service grooming salon at Central Bark is one treat I never miss!
First thing we do is get bathed in a state-of-the-art bathing system. The bathing system delivers a therapeutic massage and deep down skin conditioning treatment and our coats are just squeaky clean. Oh Man, you just gotta try it!
Our groomer will cut your coat in a style which best fits the lifestyle of your human and you, while still representing your breed's characteristics.
Just a quick FYI – Our groomer is usually booked out 2 weeks in advance so make your appointment early, especially around the holidays.
Rates are based on breed, condition of coat and behavior of the dog.


text:
Since magick effect energy of things, not physical as much, tho i know it effects it slightly considering weapons are capable of harming at range such as knives. but i see all theses "grow this" or "flying spells" i don't think they're real, considering all magick is is altering the energy via shaping it to your will, asking help from stronger beings and so on.
if you were to physically alter your self, i see it as more dangerous than awesome. i know slightly considering I'm a "crafter" (i don't know any technical terms, so i use guessed names. i only have instinct) i took out the energy of my body and replaced it with basically magic item enchantment instead.
that took a huge toll, but trying to physically alter is a horrible idea to me, considering your body is so use to human parts...and if it suddenly had cat ears or wings, bad things like: social outcast (people are bastards vs new things most of the time) and your body would probably fail hardcore because suddenly new body parts are there they don't know how to handle...
am i wrong?


text:
tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7029419017923677229.post2402191481980613703..comments2013-12-06T04:46:02.365-05:00Comments on TeachPaperless: Question of the Day: Best PD?Shelly firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7029419017923677229.post-22662266532372233342011-05-02T00:07:03.847-04:002011-05-02T00:07:03.847-04:00The Apple Distinguished Educator Institute was far...The Apple Distinguished Educator Institute was far and above any other PD experience I have had in my 20+ year career as a teacher. There is not a lot of talk about the Institute, as the focus tends to be on earning the recognition. That is unfortunate, because the PD was much better any recognition I could have received. I recommend applying for ADE, not for the recognition, but for the PD and community that comes along with it.Steve Katzhttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7029419017923677229.post-52444695292636769222011-04-29T21:46:13.335-04:002011-04-29T21:46:13.335-04:00Hmm...? Let me see. I can't really pin point ...Hmm...? Let me see. I can't really pin point one particular PD that has had an impact on me. However, I can say that any PD that has had me walking away having learned one new thing I can implement is considered powerful. Lately, I've been finding this on various webinars from classroom20. I love meeting and chatting with other educators outside of my district, and listening to new ideas. It has broadened my thinking and given me more of a world view of teaching and learning. Needless to say, I've been trying to nurture this attitude in my students.

I also love the fact that I can choose the webinar topics that interest me and help me grow as an educator. I need that freedom sometimes.Teacherhttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7029419017923677229.post-92009830334757947582011-04-29T18:59:14.315-04:002011-04-29T18:59:14.315-04:00At a formal PD day on technology, the presenter st...At a formal PD day on technology, the presenter stopped every half hour and asked participants on each table to share their methodology for the topic at hand. Rather than just the presenter's content, I left that day armed with copious ideas, strategies, resources from fellow teachers. My best learning comes from firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7029419017923677229.post-52388379786357548442011-04-29T10:46:21.675-04:002011-04-29T10:46:21.675-04:00My visit to the Ron Clark Academy in Atlanta, GA w...My visit to the Ron Clark Academy in Atlanta, GA was by far the most transformational experience I have ever experienced. At RCA, the approach to teaching and learning is different. The attitudes and expectations are different. A culture of honor is prevalent. Yes, there is great learning occuring at RCA, but I was just as moved by the spirit of the place.Mrs. Wallacehttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7029419017923677229.post-11788447738919875532011-04-29T09:17:00.189-04:002011-04-29T09:17:00.189-04:00The best PD is what I set out to do each day...fin...The best PD is what I set out to do each day...find new and innovative ways to connect with colleagues with similar and dissimilar interests. The best PL (professional learning) days are when I am able (in part) to make this happen; it usually occurs through live, informal, online interactions. Emergent learning that happens through open, diverse, autonomous, and interactive discourse has typically been the most rewarding for me. It's the similar process much like when traditional jazz musicians find those special moments when they lose themselves in the music.Benjaminhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7029419017923677229.post-20563293131768056272011-04-28T22:48:27.143-04:002011-04-28T22:48:27.143-04:00The most powerful PD I ever received was my first ...The most powerful PD I ever received was my first week as a teacher. It clearly illustrated that virtually everything I learned in college, taught me nothing. From then on, I figured it was piecemeal work with my own values as my foundation. I've managed to stumble through 20 + years keeping in sight my learning and doing my best to inspire kids to do the same.James firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7029419017923677229.post-54114889727935732392011-04-28T19:25:26.904-04:002011-04-28T19:25:26.904-04:00Pursuing National Board CertificationPursuing National Board firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7029419017923677229.post-6230155075484254422011-04-28T17:34:16.924-04:002011-04-28T17:34:16.924-04:00At the moment I would have to say that my best PD ...At the moment I would have to say that my best PD has been through Twitter and the connections made through my PLN. I don't think I've ever learned so much so quickly or so much that is relevant to what I do.

I'm also completing a Master of Teaching at the University of Otago, largely through Moodle and that is also proving to be very challenging and stimulating.

I'm interested in what others are saying about PLP on here too.Justine Hugheshttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7029419017923677229.post-79081830531655238622011-04-28T17:02:52.137-04:002011-04-28T17:02:52.137-04:00TechForum NY from Tech&Learning Magazine is al...TechForum NY from Tech&Learning Magazine is always good. TeachMeet NJ was great. But the single best, most fun, PD I've ever had was Day of Discovery in CT last year. It was fun, informative, made great connections and learned alot (it isn't all about Discovery Education either).

http://blog.discoveryeducation.com/blog/2010/09/16/registration-open-for-free-ct-day-of-discovery-saturday-october-16-2010/Davehttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7029419017923677229.post-76643628527938776922011-04-28T16:05:46.956-04:002011-04-28T16:05:46.956-04:00I'm with you, Renee - PLP (Powerful Learning P...I'm with you, Renee - PLP (Powerful Learning Practice) has been fantastic! We'll be back next year for Year 2, and will bring another 6 of our faculty for a Year 1 experience!Patti Graysonhttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7029419017923677229.post-71770023072486722892011-04-28T15:51:26.424-04:002011-04-28T15:51:26.424-04:00I'm going to have to say, Edcamp Vancouver by ...I'm going to have to say, Edcamp Vancouver by a long shot. I've written about it on my blog, so rather than repeat myself here too much:

http://davidwees.com/content/edcamp-vancouver-best-professional-development-my-life

To summarize: It was participant driven, entirely optional, engaging, and democratic.Davidhttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7029419017923677229.post-514983602486147272011-04-28T15:10:09.650-04:002011-04-28T15:10:09.650-04:00I am just finishing up a year long, job embedded P...I am just finishing up a year long, job embedded PD with the Powerful Learning Practice. Using powerful, free social networking tools, I've learned to grow my personal learning network. There are 6 of us participating at my school and we are just finishing up our action research project - building a collaborative culture amongst our teachers. It's been transformational for myself and my colleagues.Renee Hawkinshttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-7029419017923677229.post-45177956772668119392011-04-28T15:01:08.718-04:002011-04-28T15:01:08.718-04:00Park City Mathematics Institute. http://mathforum...Park City Mathematics Institute. http://mathforum.org/pcmi/hstp/previous.html
Unfortunately for the purpose of this blog, it was where I experienced the full use of paper, and how its absence shaped and inhibited the way we learn and talk about mathematics.Calhttps://email@example.com


text:
Westhill volleyball sweeps Danbury to advance in Class LL
Updated 10:56 pm, Thursday, November 8, 2012
STAMFORD -- Wednesday's storm played havoc with roads, trees, power lines and traffic, and also nearly put a premature end to the postseason for the Westhill High girls volleyball team.
After Ali Walsh's team had a bad night from the back line serving in Tuesday's FCIAC quarterfinal loss to Fairfield Ludlowe, she knew it was imperative to work on serves during practice on Wednesday, one day before the Vikings were to open the Class LL state tournament against Danbury. But the Nor'easter caused an early dismissal in Stamford and Wednesday's practice was cancelled.
Fortunately, the Vikings were home Thursday and that allowed them extra practice time before the match. Their serves consistently hit the mark as the Vikings defeated Danbury, 3-0.
"We missed a lot of serves against Ludlowe and when you give the other team points, it's tough to win," Walsh said after Westhill's 25-23, 25-20, 25-20 victory. "I was really nervous that we didn't practice (Wednesday) but today 90 percent of our serves were in and that's why we won."
"Serving is our biggest weakness but it's also our greatest strength," added senior Meg D'Alessandro, who led Westhill with 10 service points, nine kills and five digs. "When you get your serves in you can put away a team. When you don't, it can really put you in a hole."
Westhill (12-7), the No. 15 seed in Class LL, avenged a 3-1 loss to Danbury back on Sept. 28. The Vikings will now face No. 2 Cheshire (17-1) Saturday at 7 p.m. at Cheshire in the round of 16. Steph Roones added nine kills and five digs for the Vikings Thursday.
Danbury (9-10), meanwhile, seeded 18th, missed the FCIAC playoffs and hadn't played in 13 days because of Hurricane Sandy. Coach Jim MacMillan said the long layoff had no effect on the outcome.
"No, the weather affected the schedules for both teams, so that's not an excuse," he said. "We beat them last time but Westhill stepped up their game today. They were much more consistent with their serves than the last time we played."
The Vikings jumped to a 16-8 lead in Game 1 before the Hatters, who were led by Jess Diehl (six digs, four kills, three assists) and Amelia Furey (four kills, four blocks), rallied. The Hatters got within 22-20 before D'Alessandro and Roones helped wrap it up for Westhill.
Jackie Tofano had 10 digs and six service points for Westhill while Sara Mandel had 19 assists.
For Danbury, Karyssa Miguel added three blocks and three kills and Paige Rotunda had eight digs.


text:
Showing Suppliers 1 - 20 of 23
Radwell International (59 Products)
Address: 2780 Peterson Place, Norcross, VA
Business Type: Distributor, Service
Description: The Story of Radwell Brian Radwell, President and CEO explains it like this: "Radwell International sells and repairs industrial electrical and electronic control devices. We sell and repair timers, counters, photoelectric sensors, circuit breakers, pushbuttons, PLC's,... (more)
D & T Enterprises, Inc.
Address: 131 James Circle, Cedar Bluff, VA
Business Type: Distributor
Empire Machinery & Supply Corporation
Address: 3550 Virginia Beach Blvd., Norfolk, VA
Business Type: Distributor
Grainger Industrial Supply
Business Type: Distributor
Description: Grainger helps customers save time and money by providing them the right products to keep their facilities up and running. Grainger's customers are 2.0 million businesses and institutions in 157 countries. While each customer has a unique facility to operate and a different problem to solve, our... (more)
Address: 18395 Forest Rd. Branch 670, Lynchburg, VA
Address: 435 Calvert Ave. Branch 909, Alexandria, VA
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Address: 2424 Magnolia Court Branch 640, Richmond, VA
Address: 1401 Sewells Point Rd. Branch 552, Norfolk, VA
Address: 809 Middle Ground Blvd. Branch 553, Newport News, VA
Address: 101 International Dr. Branch 908, Dulles, VA
Address: 821 5TH St. NE Branch 648, Roanoke, VA
Address: 2947 Gallows Rd. Branch 903, Falls Church, VA
Hampton Rubber Company
Address: 1669 West Pembroke Avenue, Hampton, VA
Business Type: Distributor
Industrial Drives, Inc.
Address: 4013A 7 Seaboard Court, Portsmouth, VA
Business Type: Manufacturer, Distributor, Service
Industrial Products Company
Address: 124 Fastener Drive, Lynchburg, VA
Business Type: Manufacturer, Service
Lenzkes Clamping Tools, Inc.
Address: 825 Radford Rd., Christiansburg, VA
Business Type: Manufacturer
McFeely's Square Drive Screws
Address: 3720 Cohen Place PO Box 11169, Lynchburg, VA
Business Type: Distributor
Mountain Industrial, Inc.
Address: PO Box 151, Raphine, VA
Business Type: Distributor
Address: 182 Garber Lane, Winchester, VA
Business Type: Manufacturer
Spahr Metric, Inc.
Address: 421 McGhee Road, Winchester, VA
Business Type: Manufacturer


text:
liGo Electronics is a one-stop shop for everyone's telephone needs. The store stocks a huge range of the latest digital cordless phones, so it's simple to discover the perfect product at a price that is extremely affordable. liGo Electronics has …devices for both domestic and commercial customers, with wireless and Bluetooth headsets as part of its collection. liGo is committed to offering outstanding customer service with a team of experts available to give advice and answer questions. As well as cordless telephones, the company also has a selection of the latest two-way radios, baby monitors, and mobiles - all the essentials to meet every customer's communication requirements. Whether it's a Skype phone to stay in touch with friends and family, additional handsets, or headphones for a communication device, it can find be found at the liGo online store. All deliveries come with a guarantee, and orders over £50 benefit from free delivery. Express delivery is also available on orders placed before three pm. » more
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