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One of the main problems of theoretical physics concerns the unification of gravity with quantum theory. This monograph examines unification by means of the appropriate formulation of quantum gauge invariance. Suitable for advanced undergraduates and graduate students of physics, the treatment requires a basic knowledge of quantum mechanics.
Opening chapters introduce the free quantum fields and prepare the field for the gauge structure, describing the inductive construction of the time-ordered products by causal perturbation theory. The analysis of causal gauge invariance follows, with considerations of massless and massive spin-1 gauge fields. Succeeding chapters explore the construction of spin-2 gauge theories, concluding with an examination of nongeometric general relativity that offers an innovate approach to gravity and cosmology.


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Chrome back after summer off
Derby, Preakness winner to run in $1M Pennsylvania Derby
Published 9:24 pm, Friday, September 19, 2014
California Chrome, the chestnut colt who gave sports fans a Triple Crown thrill for a short time this spring, did what so many people can't do: he took the summer off.
Three months of R&R for the popular horse are now over. California Chrome goes back to work Saturday when he'll take on seven other 3-year-olds in the Grade II $1 million Pennsylvania Derby at Parx Racing in Bensalem, which is outside of Philadelphia. California Chrome was made the even-money morning-line favorite in the 11/8-mile race.
"It was cool, you know what I mean?" trainer Art Sherman said this week about the time off for his horse. "He was just having a great time and unwinding."
California Chrome will be making his first start in 105 days, the first since finishing in a dead heat for fourth in the Belmont Stakes. That race cost him his shot at becoming the first horse since Affirmed in 1978 to win the Kentucky Derby, Preakness and Belmont.
Now the goal is a new one. Sherman and his team hope to get California Chrome in shape to win the $5 million Breeders' Cup Classic at Santa Anita on Nov. 1. The Pennsylvania Derby will be the colt's only start before the richest horse race in America is run.
Sherman says he is happy with where his colt is at and expects California Chrome to show up. But he will have to overcome the long layoff as well as breaking from post position one.
"I just hope he has a clean trip," Sherman said. "If he gets outrun, he gets outrun. But I look for him to run a big race."
This is the first time in the 35 runnings of the Pennsylvania Derby that the Kentucky Derby winner will be in the starting gate. Sherman brought California Chrome to the East Coast from his base at Los Alamitos Race Track in California for more than one reason. Sherman wanted to let his horse run against 3-year-olds rather than wait for next weekend's $300,000 Awesome Again at Santa Anita, the local prep for the Classic.
Besides facing older horses in that race, Sherman would be sending California Chrome up against Shared Belief, the 3-year-old who has won all six of his career starts. Running for a million dollar purse is a lot more appealing than $300,000.
"Shared Belief is a good horse," Sherman said. "I want to be at my best when I face him, because I want to tell you, he and my horse — to myself — are the best 3-year-olds in the country. I really think the Awesome Again is going to come up a lot tougher (than the Pennsylvania Derby). I might be wrong, but that is my personal opinion. Why do I have to hook the older horses until the Breeders' Cup anyhow?"
The Pennsylvania Derby certainly won't be a walkover for Chrome, who will be ridden by Victor Espinoza. Bayern, the beaten favorite in the Travers, will be here and looks like the horse everyone will have to catch. He is the 7-2 second choice. Also here are Tapiture and Candy Boy, who were a neck apart in the West Virginia Derby with Tapiture getting the head bob at the end.
The Todd Pletcher-trained Protonico, who won the Grade III Smarty Jones at Parx on Sept. 1, will also try California Chrome, as will Classic Giacnroll, who was a half length behind Protonico. Also in the field is C J's Awesome, who won an allowance race at Saratoga Sept. 1 after skipping the Travers.
"I have a lot of respect for California Chrome," said Hall of Fame trainer Bob Baffert, who won't be at Parx. "He is definitely the horse to beat."
But it also may be the time to try and beat him because of the long layoff. And, remember, California Chrome had a chunk of his right foot knocked off during the Belmont when he was stepped on by another horse coming out of the gate. Sherman says his horse is fine now.
"California Chrome and Bayern are coming off bad races," said Ken McPeek, C J's Awesome's trainer. "I think this is the ideal time to try him. When you have a horse that is ready, you can't have any fear."
firstname.lastname@example.com • 518-454-5415 • @tjwilkin

subset: commoncrawl


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Tap here to compare the top VoIP providersTap here to hide the top VoIP Providers
Firefly Softphone
Firefly is Freshtel's IAX-based softphone for Windows, which works with Freshtel's VoIP service. It is based on Virbiage Phones's Cubix softphone platform. Firefly is available from the Freshtel website, http://www.freshtel.net/firefly/download/.
Firefly is known to work under Wine on Linux, although changes to font settings and/or the installation of additional fonts may be required.
Firefly Features
- VoIP Protocols: SIP, IAX
- Codecs: μlaw, Alaw, iLBC, Speex, GSM, G.729 (via DLL)
- Music on Hold
- Skinnable Interface
- Instant Messaging, Presence, and Contact Lists (IAX2 only, implemented via extensions to the IAX2 text message field)
Dialling methods
- 123 - dials Freshtel virtual number *123
- +123 - dials geographical number 123 (note: not necessarily a full E.164 number — the plus is just an escape character)
Third party versionVirbiage offer the Cubix softphone for theming and licensing by third parties. Firefly is an example of such a retargeted softphone, as is Tesco Internet Phone.
Commercial enquiries should be directed to http://www.virbiage.com/cubix.php Virbiage. If you need a version which works with 3rd party IAX & SIP networks, then use http://razametal.is-a-geek.org/asterisk/Softphones/Windows/firefly/firefly-thirdparty.exe
Enabling G.729 supportAdded by 'msg' SIP:email@example.com on 05-22-2005
— building the g729.dll using open source tools --
— thanks to the developers for the opportunity to evaluate G.729 on firefly --
(We don't have MS VC (but we do have a working MS Win32 version of 'lib.exe')
The build host was Win2k Server sp3/Cygwin 1.3.22/gcc 3.2;
1. create a target directory for the build and create a subdirectory under it called 'ms-obj.dir'
2. download 'g729.zip' from http://www.virbiage.com/firefly/download/g729.zip;
download 'G729.zip' (be sure to not clobber the previous download) from
and unzip them into the target directory
- build the library ***
3. cd to the target directory
4. lib /NOLOGO /LIST .\va_g729.lib > lib.lst
— at a 'bash' shell:
5. sed 's+\\+\\\\+g' < lib.lst > lib.list
6. cd ms-obj.dir
7. while read name
lib /NOLOGO /EXTRACT:$name ../va_g729.lib
done < ../lib.list
8. (convert all uc filenames to lc ; eg. use the following script:)
ls | while read fname
lowname=`echo $fname | tr "[A-Z]~np~" "~np~[a-z]"`
mv $fname $lowname
9. ar r ../libg729.a *
- compile and link ***
11. mv G729.C g729.c
12. gcc -mno-cygwin -shared -I ./ -c -o g729.o g729.c
13. gcc -mno-cygwin -shared -I ./ -L ./ -shared -o foo.dll g729.o -lg729
— (ignore the many messages: Warning: .drectve '%.*s' unrecognized)
— output filename cannot be 'g729.dll' or linking fails with message: './/g729.dll file not recognized: file truncated'
14. mv foo.dll g729.dll
The dll worked well when tested with the third-party firefly/SIP on a P166/64MB/Win2k laptop with USB headset; I am quite
impressed with the performance of firefly (especially on this older platform) as it eliminates unresolvable echo and
chopping problems we had with X-Ten lite. The G.729 codec is wonderful over dial-up.
You can download the dll from: http://razametal.is-a-geek.org/asterisk/Softphones/Windows/firefly/g729.dll
See also
See Also
- Virbiage
- Freshtel Holdings Limited — Virbiage's parent company
- Firefly
- Freshtel — A service using the Firefly softphone
VOIP Phones
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A Lancaster University lecturer has won the Commonwealth Short Story Prize 2014.
Jennifer Nansubuga Makumbi from Uganda has a PhD in Creative Writing from Lancaster where she teaches in the Department of English and Creative Writing.
The Commonwealth award was presented in Kampala by the novelist and short-story writer Romesh Gunesekera.
Jennifer said winning the overall prize was like "a dream. For Uganda, once described as a literary desert, it shows how the country's literary landscape is changing and I am proud to be a part of it."
Her short story entitled "Let's Tell This Story Properly" was praised by the judges for what they called its "risk taking, grace and breadth".
It is about Nnameya, a Ugandan woman living in Manchester whose husband collapses and dies. She flies back to Entebbe Airport with his coffin for the funeral, only to discover a web of deception.
The Chair of the judging panel Ellah Wakatama Allfrey said Jennifer's story was "a bold, compact story about betrayal and the pull of tradition. "
The competition was open to the 53 countries in the Commonwealth, where so far unpublished stories were entered by nearly 4,000 writers.
Jennifer's doctoral novel, The Kintu Saga, won the Kwani Manuscript Project in 2013.
"Lancaster University is of course pivotal in the development of my career not only because of the funding I received when I wrote Kintu but also the continued offer of associate teaching which has further honed my writing skills."
Jennifer is currently working on her second novel Nnambi.


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The undercover operation led to 101 arrests in two Florida counties.
Florida police arrested 101 people as part of an undercover child pornography and prostitution investigation, and some of the suspects used to work at the Magic Kingdom, SeaWorld and Universal Studios.
The Lake and Polk County Sheriff's Offices worked with Mount Dora and Clermont police in a two-part sting operation beginning on May 18 and ending on May 28. Officials said detectives posed as underage girls or their parents in online chat rooms. They instructed the suspects to meet them at a specific location, where the suspects were arrested upon arrival.
Jeff Conrad worked at Magic Kingdom, although Disney told Florida's News13 that Conrad had left Disney before the arrest.
"He traveled to have sex with a 14-year-old child," Polk County Sheriff Grady Judd told local media at a news conference. "He had access to kids because, as he said, he was a Disney employee working at Magic Kingdom."
Ryan Mayer and Tomas Adams worked at SeaWorld and Universal Studios, although the theme parks told local news stations the men were no longer employed at the parks.
"We were recently informed that an employee who had worked for us for less than two weeks is included among those listed by the Lake County Sheriff's Office, but do not release personal information about our employees," a SeaWorld representative tells The Hollywood Reporter. "The safety of our guests and team members and the well-being of our animals are our highest priority. We have numerous measures in place to create a safe environment in our parks."
"These are dangerous folks," Judd said. "Why do they work in these places? Because that's where the children are. They like to be around children."
Twenty-two people were arrested during the initial phase and 79 were arrested during the second.
"Their communications and desires were outrageous and deviant," Judd said. "All 22 traveled to have sex and brought outrageous tools for deviant sex."
He added, "If you're going to prey on children, the Florida sheriffs are going to come after you with a vengeance."
Reps for Universal Studios and Disney did not immediately respond to The Hollywood Reporter's request for comment.


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NFL CAREER – This intelligent, hard-nosed lineman, who was the club's fifth round draft choice in 2010, has served as the club's primary backup on the interior of the offensive line for the past two seasons. In 2011, he will compete for a spot in the club's offensive line rotation.
CAREER TRANSACTIONS – Signed to a four-year contract, 7/22/10; A fifth round draft choice (158th overall) in the 2010 NFL Draft.
2011 – Saw action in 12 regular season games and both postseason contests on special teams…After being inactive for the first three games, saw first action of the season on special teams at Jacksonville, Oct. 2…Saw action on offense at Minnesota, Dec. 18. 2010 – Saw action in all 16 regular season games and one postseason contest on special teams…Saw snaps along the offensive line in finale vs. Tampa Bay, 1/2/11.
COLLEGE – Three-year starter at BC, who opened 41 games in his career…Third-team All-American selection as a senior by the NFL Draft Report, an All-Atlantic Coast Conference first-team choice…Finalist for the Rimington Award, given to the nation's top center…A second-team All-ACC from the NFL Draft Report as a junior, also earning honorable mention honors from league's coaches and media…Started every game as a sophomore after moving to the middle in training camp…Appeared in five games as a backup guard as a freshman in 2006… Studied in the College of Arts & Sciences.
PERSONAL – Attended Archbishop Moeller (Cincinnati, Ohio) HS… three-year starter at guard, who was an Associated Press All-State selection as a senior in 2004, as well as being honored as the Greater Catholic South League's Lineman of the Year...Also lettered in wrestling and track…Full name: Matthew H. Tennant…Born, March 19, 1987.
Former Saints Tackle Willie Roaf comments on the recent passing of New Orleans Saints owner Tom Benson.
Hall of Famer and former New Orleans Saints kicker Morten Anderson joins 'NFL Total Access' to talk about the life and legacy of Saints owner Tom Benson.
Former New Orleans Saints quarterback Aaron Brooks joins NFL Network to share his thoughts over the recent passing of Tom Benson.
Life-long New Orleans Saints' fan and singer Harry Lonnick Jr. joins 'Free Agency Frenzy' to talk about the life and legacy of Saints owner Tom Benson.


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An Adweek.com Poll of readers conducted over the last week reveals that two-thirds of visitors who voted in the poll feel that the phone hacking scandal has put Rupert Murdoch in personal jeopardy.
As of noon on Friday, July 15, 1,047 visitors had voted. 698 answered 'yes' to the question: "Do you think the hacking scandal has put Rupert Murdoch in personal jeopardy?" 349 respondants answered 'no.'
Adweek readers are comprised primarily of media professionals working in the publishing, advertising, television, and technology fields.


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Perhaps, but it depends on how Google sniffs the UAs. And I don't think it affects the spec. On 16/12/2010, at 9:40 AM, Julian Reschke wrote: > On 15.12.2010 21:19, Jungshik Shin (신정식, 申政湜) wrote: >> ... >> Before rushing to remove it (as an optional 'fallback') , I'd like to >> have some 'numbers' about what web servers do (FYI, some Google products >> emit RFC 2047 for Firefox and Chrome at the moment, but I guess Google >> has to switch over to RFC 5987 for Firefox and Chrome). I'm not sure >> whether the cost of supporting it is larger than the benefit. >> ... > > Indeed. GMail seems to use RFC2047-encoding (when saving an attachment with non-ASCII characters in the filename) for Firefox (and likely for Chrome as well). > > So it's unlikely that UAs can remove this until this get fixed. > > Best regards, Julian > -- Mark Nottingham http://www.mnot.net/Received on Thursday, 16 December 2010 03:37:25 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Tuesday, 1 March 2016 11:10:55 UTC


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Correcting ectopic ureters in juvenile dogs
Cystoscopic-guided laser ablation is a minimally invasive alternative to surgery
May 01, 2011
Hot topics on dvm360
dvm360.com's top 17 of 2017
Jan 02, 2018
Ectopic ureters are a congenital anomaly of the urinary system, in which the ureteral orifice is inappropriately positioned caudal to the urinary bladder. This is the most common cause of urinary incontinence in juvenile female dogs. See how the use of cystoscopic-guided laser ablation provides a minimally invasive alternative to surgery in cases with intramural ectopic ureters, as was seen in this Golden Retriever puppy.
Initial findings
Diagnostic evaluation


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Pink Anderson - She Knows How To Stretch It
She Knows How To Stretch It(Difficulty: undetermined)
She Know How To Stretch It Pink Anderson Here's the link to the YouTube video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXdkUahBoSI. The parenthetical notes are not played on the guitar but were required in order to place lyrics on those beats. Pink (guitaretab.com)


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Jason Gray is a singer/songwriter extraordinaire with one of the most genuine hearts after Christ. There are only a handful of music artists that speak to me like Jason's art does — because he writes real. It takes a very special gift to meld internal revelation with eternal truth and create songs that strike a universal chord with both enlightened scholars and struggling broken souls, but Jason Gray has that gift. Never afraid to look inward for inspiration and just as ready to analyze the world around him, Gray is called to create music that makes a difference … Having him come to the farm front porch today and share an honest parenting story? Purest grace:
The other night while we were washing dishes, my son Jacob said he'd seen a trailer for a movie he wanted to see.
"Oh yeah? Which one?" I asked.
"The new Red Dawn."
"Ugh." I said. "Why would you want to see that one? You know they've been sitting on it for a couple of years because they knew it was a stinker. I think they're only releasing it now because it's got Thor and Peeta in it and they're hoping they can cash in on their popularity and at least get something back for their poor investment."
Jacob continued, unfazed. "It's also got an actor in it who I used to love when I was a kid—Josh from Nickelodeon's Drake and Josh. I'd really like to see what he's doing now."
Undeterred, I continued my diatribe. "Well, I loved the original when I was a kid in the '80s, but this one got TERRIBLE reviews. It's going to be bad. I'm just telling you because I don't want you to waste your money."
About the time these last words came out of my mouth, I began to realize how much of a self-righteous jerk I was being.
Unfortunately this is not uncommon for me—I can be oppressively opinionated and uppity. By God's grace, however, I am learning to recognize it better and quicker.
I'm so grateful for growing conviction, the evidence that God is still at work in my life.
A part of my problem is that sometimes I care about the wrong thing at the wrong time.
Sometimes I care about fairness instead of generosity.
Sometimes I care about someone else's theological accuracy when quiet listening would be better.
In this particular instance I was caring more about the quality of a film than I was caring about the quality of a conversation with my son. (In fact, I think he knew that I wouldn't care for this movie but brought it up anyway, risking my scorn. Brave.)
Of course it's good to care about things, and it's good that I care about things like well-crafted films and good storytelling.
I care, too, about nuanced and cathartic acting performances that are as delicious to the soul as a fine meal is to the palette. I am grateful for my capacity to enjoy these and other forms of art-making: books, music, painting, and on down the list.
I care about these things because I'm convinced that beauty matters and is both a grace to be enjoyed and a calling to participate in.
But in that moment with Jacob, my care for a certain kind of beauty turned ugly because I was picking the wrong thing to care about.
Consequently I failed to recognize a more subtle and significant beauty that was being offered to me: the beauty of my son sharing his simple desire to see a movie—one that reminded him of fond memories of his childhood.
In that moment I had also been offered a chance to create something beautiful myself: a generous response with the power to foster a culture of kindness, grace, and intimacy in our home. What work of art—be it a song, a book, or a film—can compare to this?
By God's grace I recognized what I'd done early enough to maybe do something about it.
"Ah Jacob. I'm sorry. What a jerk I am sometimes. Can we try this again, would you let me? Let's start over. Tell me again what movie you want to see."
He laughed, but played along. "Dad, there's this movie I really want to see. It's called Red Dawn."
"Oh yeah? Man I loved that movie when I was kid. Tell me more about it, why do you want to see it?"
"Well, it's got Peeta from The Hunger Games in it. It's also got Josh from Drake and Josh" and just looks kind of cool to me."
He was creating something beautiful of his own by graciously playing along with me, giving me a chance to make amends. This is the beauty of grace.
"Awesome! Well, let me know when it comes out and maybe we can watch it together." I said, smiling.
"Okay, dad," he said, smiling back. He had accepted my apology and offered me a way back into his world. He is a kind boy.
Later that night my youngest son Gus asked if I'd lay by him in his bed a little bit before he went to sleep.
After a little reading (from The Jesus Storybook Bible—so, so good, check it out if you haven't already!), we lay there a bit in the dark.
Kipper and Jacob had come upstairs and were across the hall talking with their mom, laughing, being rambunctious and making some noise.
I sensed it was distracting Gus in the quiet of the moment we were sharing.
With every word and bark of laughter he heard from across the hall his body would tense. I could tell he was about to holler down the hall for them to be quiet because he was trying to sleep.
I was about to say, jokingly, "Man, your brothers are noisy!"
But remembering my earlier moment with Jacob, I wondered if there was something else I might say that would be better, something that might help foster kindness, grace, and intimacy in our home.
What was the right thing to care about?
"It's nice to hear their voices, isn't it?" I whispered to Gus in the dark.
"Yeah," he said as his body noticeably relaxed.
He was quiet for a moment, and then said, "That's just what I was going to say."
{RSS readers, come click here to view/listen to the the video — consider pausing music by clicking the speaker icon in the bottom left hand margin}
This song of Jason's is a favorite with our Hope-girl — and her mama. There isn't a day that goes by that Jason's music isn't played at our house — he speaks to souls in deep and authentic ways. Take a listen to Jason's latest and catch up with Jason here and here.


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Admissions and Records
- Application Filing Periods
- Determination of Residence for Nonresident Tuition Purposes
- Graduate and Postbaccalaureate Admission Requirements
- Graduate and Postbaccalaureate Application Procedures
- Returning Students
- Impacted Programs
- International (Foreign) Students
- Undergraduate Admission Requirements
- Undergraduate Application Procedures
Requirements for admission to California State University, Fresno are in accordance with Title 5, Chapter 1, Subchapter 3, of the California Code of Regulations. Complete information is available at www.calstate.edu/apply/planning.
Electronic versions of the CSU undergraduate and graduate applications are accessible at www.calstate.edu/apply. The CSUMentor system allows students to browse through general information about CSU's 23 campuses, view multimedia campus presentations, send and receive electronic responses to specific questions, and apply for admission and financial aid.
Applying online via www.calstate.edu/apply is expected unless electronic submission is impossible. An acknowledgement will be sent when online applications have been submitted. Application in "hard copy" form may be obtained online via www.calstate.edu/apply as a portable data format (PDF). Application forms (in PDF) may also be downloaded from www.calstate.edu/sas/publications. Paper applications should be mailed to the Admissions and Records Office.
Importance of Filing Complete, Accurate, and Authentic Application for Admission Documents. California State University, Fresno advises prospective students that they must supply complete and accurate information on the application for admission, residency questionnaire, and financial aid forms. Further, applicants must, when requested, submit authentic and official transcripts of all previous academic work attempted. Failure to file complete, accurate, and authentic application documents may result in denial of admission, cancellation of academic credit, suspension, or expulsion (Section 41301 of Title 5, California Code of Regulations).
Applicants are required to include their correct Social Security numbers in designated places on applications for admission pursuant to the authority contained in Section 41201, Title 5, California Code of Regulations, Section 6109 of the Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. 6109). See also Policies and Regulations.
Taxpayers who claim Hope Scholarship or Lifetime Learning tax credit will be required to provide their name, address, and Taxpayer Identification Number to the campus.
Undergraduate Application Procedures
Prospective students applying for part-time or full-time undergraduate programs of
study must submit a completed undergraduate application. The $55 nonrefundable application
fee should be in the form of a check or money order payable to "The California State
University" or by credit card if submitting the online application, and may not be
transferred or used to apply to another term. An alternate major may be indicated
on the application. The applications of persons denied admission to an impacted campus
may be re-routed to another campus at no cost, but only if the applicant is CSU eligible.
An alternate campus and major may be indicated on the application, but applicants should list as an alternate campus only a CSU campus that also offers the major. Generally, an alternate major will be considered at the first choice campus before an application is redirected to an alternate choice campus.
For undergraduate admission to California State University, Fresno you must
- Submit a current application with a nonrefundable application fee to the Admissions and Records Office.
- Request institutions formerly attended to send directly to the Admissions and Records Office transcripts of credits from high school and colleges. Failure to include all colleges attended may result in cancellation of your registration. All transcripts submitted by students are retained by California State University, Fresno.
- Take the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT I) or American College Test (ACT) and request official scores be sent to California State University, Fresno if you are a lower-division applicant. The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is required of all foreign applicants and applicants who do not have at least three years of full-time schooling at the secondary level or beyond where English is the principal language of instruction.
- Take any additional proficiency or placement tests required. (See Systemwide Placement Tests Requirements.)
In addition to the other documents required, a veteran should file a copy of the Notice
of Separation (DD 214) from the armed services with the application for admission.
Academic credit will be awarded for service time and service schools completed as
recommended by A Guide to the Evaluation of Educational Experiences in the Armed Services.
Veterans who are California residents may be exempt from certain admission requirements.
Special admission may be granted if the applicant is judged likely to succeed academically.
Standard admission procedures should be followed.
Applications will not be accepted after admissions categories have closed. Final eligibility for admission cannot be determined until all required documents have been received. Due to staff limitations, an evaluation of transfer credit will generally not be available until sometime during the first semester's enrollment.
A maximum of 70 semester units of credit is allowed toward the bachelor's degree for work completed in a community college. However, community college credit in excess of 70 units may be used to satisfy subject requirements. No upper-division credit will be given.
Remedial course units are not accepted for degree credit. For limitations on extension and correspondence credit, see Extension Classes.
Students desiring university housing or financial aid should file special applications with the appropriate offices concerned as soon as possible.
Impacted Programs
The CSU designates programs as impacted when more applications from regularly eligible
applicants are received in the initial filing period (October and November for fall
terms, June for winter terms, August for spring terms, February for summer terms)
than can be accommodated. Some programs are impacted at every campus which they are
offered; others are impacted only at a few campuses. Candidates for admission must
meet all of the campus' specified supplementary admission criteria if applying to
an impacted program or campus.
The CSU will announce during the fall filing period those campuses or programs that are impacted. Detailed information on campus and programs impaction will be available at the following websites:
- www.calstate.edu/apply
- www.calstate.edu/impactioninfo.shtml
- www.calstate.edu/sas/impaction-campus-info.shtml
Campuses will communicate its supplementary admission criteria for all impacted programs to high schools and community colleges in their service area and will disseminate this information to the public through appropriate media. This information will also be published at the CSU campus individual website and made available online at www.calstate.edu.
Applicants must file applications for admission to an impacted program during the
initial filing period. Applicants who wish to be considered in impacted programs at
more than one campus should file an application at each campus for which they seek
admission consideration.
Supplementary Admission Criteria. Each campus with impacted programs or admission categories uses supplementary admission criteria in screening applicants. Supplementary criteria may include rank–ordering of freshman applicants based on the CSU eligibility index or rank-ordering of transfer applicants based on verification of AA-T or AS-T degree, the overall transfer grade point average (GPA), completion of specified prerequisite courses, and a combination of campus-developed criteria. Applicants for freshman admission to impacted campuses or programs are required to submit scores on either the SAT or the ACT. For fall admission, applicants should take tests as early as possible, but no later than November or December of the preceding year.
The supplementary admission criteria used by the individual campuses to screen applicants
are made available by the campuses to all applicants seeking admission to an impacted
program. Details regarding the supplemental admission criteria are published at http://www.calstate.edu/AR/impactioninfo.shtml.
Graduate and Postbaccalaureate Application Procedures
All graduate and post-baccalaureate applicants (e.g., Ed.D., joint Ph.D. applicants, master's degree applicants, those seeking educational credentials or certificates, and where permitted, holders of baccalaureate degrees interested in taking courses for personal or professional growth) must file a complete graduate application as described in the graduate and post-baccalaureate admission materials at www.calstate.edu/apply.
Applicants seeking a second bachelor's degree should submit the undergraduate application for admission unless specifically requested to do otherwise. Applicants who completed undergraduate degree requirements and graduated the preceding term are also required to complete and submit an application and the $55 nonrefundable application fee. Since applicants for post-baccalaureate programs may be limited to the choice of a single campus on each application, re-routing to alternate campuses or later changes of campus choice are not guaranteed. To be assured of initial consideration by more than one campus, it is necessary to submit separate applications (including fees) to each. Applications submitted by way of www.calstate.edu/apply are preferable. An electronic version of the CSU graduate application is available on the World Wide Web at www.calstate.edu/apply.
For additional information, see the Division of Graduate Studies.
Returning Students
Applicants who seek readmission after an absence of one semester or more must file
an application for admission. Applicants absent one semester only are exempt from
the $55 application fee providing no academic work was taken in the interim at any
other institution. Students absent on an approved planned educational leave are not
required to file an application for admission and are exempt from the application
fee. (See Planned Educational Leave.)
Application Filing Periods
Each non-impacted campus accepts applications until capacities are reached. Many campuses limit undergraduate admission in an enrollment category due to overall enrollment limits. If applying after the initial filing period, consult the campus admission office for current information. Similar information is conveniently available at www.calstate.edu/apply/filing_status.
- Applications for the fall semester are accepted beginning Oct. 1. The initial filing period lasts until Nov. 30.
- Applications for the spring semester are accepted beginning Aug. 1. The initial filing period lasts until Aug. 31.
- Applications for the summer semester are accepted beginning Feb. 1. The initial filing period lasts until Feb. 28
Application Acknowledgment. On-time applicants may expect to receive an acknowledgment from the campuses to which they have applied within two to four weeks of filing the application. The notice may also include a request that applicants submit additional records necessary to evaluate academic qualifications. Applicants may be assured of admission if the evaluation of relevant qualifications indicates that applicants meet CSU admission requirements, and in the case of admission impaction, supplemental criteria for admission to an impacted program. Unless specific written approval/confirmation is received, an offer of admission is not transferable to another term or to another campus.
Hardship Petitions. The campus has established procedures for consideration of qualified applicants
who would be faced with extreme hardship if not admitted. Petitioners should write
the campus Admissions and Records Office regarding specific policies governing hardship
Undergraduate Admission Requirements
Freshman Requirements. Generally, applicants will qualify for consideration for first-time freshman admission if they meet the following requirements: (1) they have graduated from high school, have earned a Certificate of General Education Development (GED), or have passed the California High School Proficiency Examination (CHSPE); (2) they have a qualifiable minimum eligibility index (see table on Eligibility Index); and (3) they have completed with grades of C or better each of the courses in the comprehensive pattern of college preparatory subject requirements (see Subject Requirements).
Eligibility Index. The eligibility index is the combination of the high school grade point average and scores on either the ACT or the SAT. Grade point averages (GPA) are based on grades earned in courses taken during the final three years of high school. Included in calculation of GPA are grades earned in all college preparatory "a-g" subject requirements, and bonus points for approved honors courses.
Up to eight semesters of honors courses taken in the last three years of high school, including up to two approved courses taken in the tenth grade can be accepted. Each unit of A in an honors course will receive a total of 5 points; B, 4 points; and C, 3 points.
A CSU Eligibility Index can be calculated by multiplying your grade point average by 800 and adding your total score on the mathematics and critical reading scores of the SAT. For students who took the ACT, multiply the grade point average by 200 and add ten times the ACT composite score. Persons who are California high school graduates (or residents of California for tuition purposes) need a minimum index of 2900 using the SAT or 694 using the ACT. The Eligibility Index Table illustrates several combinations of required test scores and averages. The University has no current plans to include the writing scores from either of the admissions tests in the computation of the CSU Eligibility Index.
Persons who neither graduated from a California high school nor are a resident of California for tuition purposes need a minimum index of 3502 (SAT) or 842 (ACT). Graduates of secondary schools in foreign countries must be judged to have academic preparation and abilities equivalent to applicants eligible under this section.
An applicant with a grade point average of 3.00 or above (3.61 for nonresidents) is not required to submit test scores. However, all applicants for admission are urged to take the SAT or ACT and provide the scores of such tests to each CSU to which they seek admission. Campuses use these test results for advising and placement purposes and may require them for admission to impacted majors or programs. Impacted CSU campuses require SAT or ACT scores of all applicants for freshman admission.
Honors Courses. Up to eight semesters of honors courses taken in the last two years of high school,
including up to two approved courses taken in the tenth grade, can be accepted. Each
unit of A in an honors course will receive a total of 5 points; B, 4 points; and C,
3 points.
Subject Requirements. The California State University requires that first-time freshman applicants complete, with grades of C or better, a comprehensive pattern of college preparatory study totaling 15 units. A "unit" is one year of study in high school.
- 2 years of social science, including one year of U.S. history or U.S. history and government
- 4 years of English
- 3 years of math (algebra, geometry, and intermediate algebra)
- 2 years of laboratory science (1 biological and 1 physica; lboth must have laboratory instruction)
- 2 years in the same foreign language (subject to waiver for applicants demonstrating equivalent competence)
- 1 year of visual and performing arts (art, dance, drama/theater, or music)
- 1 year of electives: selected from English, advanced mathematics, social science, history, laboratory science, foreign language, visual and performing arts, or other courses approved and included on the UC/CSU "a-g" list.
Foreign Language Subject Requirement. The foreign language subject requirement may be satisfied by applicants who demonstrate
competence in a language other than English, equivalent to or higher than expected
of students who complete two years of foreign language study. Consult with your school
counselor or any CSU campus Admissions and Records Office or Relations with Schools
offices for further information.
Subject Requirement Substitution for Students with Disabilities. Applicants with disabilities are encouraged to complete college preparatory course requirements if at all possible. If an applicant is judged unable to fulfill a specific course requirement because of his or her disability, alternate college preparatory courses may be substituted for specific subject requirements.
Substitutions may be authorized on an individual basis after review and recommendation by your academic adviser or guidance counselor in consultation with the coordinator of a CSU Services for Students with Disabilities office. Although the distribution may be slightly different from the course pattern required of other students, students qualifying for substitutions will still be held responsible for 15 units of college preparatory study.
Students should be aware that failure to complete courses required for admission may
limit later enrollment in certain majors, particularly those involving mathematics.
For further information and substitution forms, contact the coordinator of disabled
student services at your nearest CSU campus.
High School Students. High school students may be considered for enrollment in certain special programs if recommended by the principal and the appropriate campus department chair and if preparation is equivalent to that required of eligible California high school graduates. Such admission is only for a given specific program and does not constitute a right to continued enrollment. Contact our Admissions and Records Office.
Transfer Policies of CSU campuses. Most commonly, college level credits earned from an institution of higher education accredited by a regional accrediting agency are accepted for transfer to campuses of the CSU; however, authority for decisions regarding the transfer of undergraduate credits is delegated to each CSU campus.
California Community Colleges and other authorized certifying institutions can certify up to 39 semester (58.5 quarter) units of General Education-Breadth (GE-Breadth) or 37 semester (55.5 quarter) units of the Intersegmental General Education Transfer Curriculum (IGETC) for transfer students to fulfill lower-division general education requirements for any CSU campus prior to transfer.
"Certification" is the official notification from a California Community College or authorized institution that a transfer student has completed courses fulfilling lower-division general education requirements. The CSU GE-Breadth and the Intersegmental General Education Transfer Curriculum (IGETC) certification course lists for particular community colleges can be accessed at www.assist.org.
CSU campuses may enter into course-to-course or program-to-program articulation agreements with other CSU campuses and any or all of the California Community Colleges, and other regionally accredited institutions. Established CSU and California Community College articulations may be found on www.assist.org. Students may be permitted to transfer no more than 70 semester (105 quarter) units to a CSU campus from an institution that does not offer bachelor's degrees or their equivalents, for example, community colleges. Given the university's 30-semester (45-quarter) unit residency requirement, no more than a total of 90-semester (135-quarter) units may be transferred into the University from all sources.
Conditional/Provisional Admission - Freshmen. California State University, Fresno may provisionally admit first-time freshman applicants based on their academic preparation through the junior year of high school and planned coursework for the senior year. The campus will monitor the final terms of study to ensure that admitted students complete their secondary school studies satisfactorily, including the required college preparatory subjects, and graduate from high school. Students are required to submit an official transcript after graduation to certify that all course work has been satisfactorily completed. Official high school transcripts must be received prior to deadline set by the University. In no case may documentation of high school graduation be received any later than the census date for a student's first term of CSU enrollment. A campus may rescind admission decisions, cancel financial aid awards, withdraw housing contracts and cancel any University registration for students who are found to be ineligible after the final transcript has been evaluated.
Applicants will qualify for regular (non-provisional) admission when the university verifies that they have graduated and received a diploma from high school, have a qualifiable minimum eligibility index, have completed the comprehensive pattern of college preparatory "a-g" subjects, and, if applying to an impacted program or campus, have met all supplementary criteria.
The CSU uses only the ACT composite score or the SAT mathematics and critical reading
scores in its admission eligibility equation. The SAT or ACT writing scores are not
currently used by CSU campuses.
Transfer Requirements
Applicants who have completed fewer than 60 transferable semester college units (fewer than 90 quarter units) are considered lower-division transfer students. Applicants who have completed 60 or more transferable semester college units (90 or more quarter units) are considered upper-division transfer students. Applicants who complete college units during high school or through the summer immediately following high school graduation are considered first-time freshmen and must meet the CSU minimum eligibility requirements for first-time freshman admission. Transferable courses are those designated for baccalaureate credit by the college or University offering the courses and accepted as such by the campus to which the applicant seeks admission.
Lower-Division Transfer Requirements. Generally, applicants will qualify for CSU admission consideration as a lower-division transfer if they have a cumulative grade point average of at least 2.0 in all transferable units attempted.
- Will meet the freshman admission requirements (grade point average and subject requirements) in effect for the term to which they are applying (see "Freshman Requirements" section); or
- Were eligible as a freshman at the time of high school graduation except for missing college preparatory subject requirements, have been in continuous attendance in an accredited college since high school graduation, and have made up the missing subject requirements with a 2.0 or better GPA.
Applicants who graduated from high school prior to 1988 should contact the admission office to inquire about alternative admission programs.
Making Up Missing College Preparatory Subject Requirements. Lower-division applicants who did not complete subject requirements while in high school may make up missing subjects in any of the following ways:
- Complete appropriate courses with a C or better in adult school or high school summer sessions.
- Complete appropriate college courses with a C or better. One college course of at least three semester or four quarter units will be considered equivalent to one year of high school study.
- Earn acceptable scores on specified examinations, e.g., SAT subject tests.
Please consult with the CSU campus admission office to which you are applying for further information about alternative ways to satisfy the subject requirements.
Due to increased enrollment demands, most CSU campuses do not admit lower-division transfer applicants.
Upper-Division Transfer Requirements. Generally, applicants will qualify for consideration for upper-division transfer admission if they meet all of the following requirements:
- Cumulative grade point average of at least 2.0* in all transferable units attempted;
- In good standing at the last college or university attended; and
- Completed at least sixty (60) transferable semester (90 quarter) units of college level coursework with a grade point average of 2.0* or higher and a grade C or better in each course used to meet the CSU general education requirements in written communication, oral communication, critical thinking, and quantitative reasoning, e.g. mathematics.
The 60 units must include at least 30 units of courses which meet CSU general education requirement, including all of the general education requirements in communication in the English language (both oral and written) and critical thinking and the requirement in mathematics/quantitative reasoning (usually 3 semester units) OR the Intersegmental General Education Transfer Curriculum (IGETC) requirements in English communication and mathematical concepts and quantitative reasoning.
* Non-residents must have a 2.4 GPA or better.
For this requirement, transferable courses are those designated for baccalaureate credit by the college or university offering the courses.
Effective fall 2000 admission, all upper-division transfer students should contact the Admissions and Records Office to inquire about alternative admission programs.
Associate Degrees for Transfer (AA-T or AS-T)/Student Transfer Achievement Reform (STAR) Act (SB 1440). The Associate in Arts for Transfer (AA-T) and the Associate in Science for Transfer (AS-T) degrees offered at the California Community Colleges (CCC) are designed to provide California Community College students a clear transfer preparation and admission pathway to those CSU degree majors deemed similar. Those students who complete these transfer degrees and who are admitted to a similar CSU major program or option for that discipline will be able to complete the Baccalaureate Degree within 60 semester or 90 quarter units providing that all remaining required courses are completed successfully without a break in attendance and providing that no supplemental courses for minors or areas of emphasis are undertaken.
California Community College students who earn an associate degree for transfer (AA-T or AS-T) are guaranteed admission with junior standing to the California State University but not to any particular campus or program. Because several CSU campuses are receiving more transfer applications from eligible students than can be accommodated, these campuses have declared impaction resulting in higher admission criteria. See more on impaction at www.calstate.edu/SAS/impactioninfo.shtml. However, transfer students who earn the AA-T or AS-T degrees, are given priority admission over other transfer applicants when applying to a non-impacted CSU campus or to a non-impacted program from a community college within the local admission area of the campus. These students are also given priority admission consideration when applying from a community college that is outside the local admission area of an impacted CSU campus or when applying to a similar program that is impacted at any CSU campus. A current list of CSU degree programs that have been deemed similar to the associate degrees for transfer can be found at www.calstate.edu/transfer/adt-search.
Those students who earn associate degrees for transfer and apply to a CSU campus but
cannot be admitted due to impaction will be redirected to another CSU campus and offered
admission for the same term. In order to qualify for the priority admission guarantee,
transfer applicants must be conferred an approved Associate Degree for Transfer (AA-T/AS-T)
by a California Community College, must apply for admission to California State University
campuses for an open term by the published deadline, submit all requested transcripts
and documents, meet CSU admission eligibility requirements for the campus and/or program,
and must comply with any other prescribed admission requirements. It is the responsibility
of these transfer students to provide documentation about the completion of the degree
to each CSU campus that has received an application for admission.
Conditional/Provisional Admission - Transfers. California State University, Fresno may provisionally or conditionally admit transfer applicants based on their academic preparation and courses planned for completion. The campus will monitor the final terms to ensure that those admitted complete all required courses satisfactorily. All accepted applicants are required to submit an official transcript of all college level work completed. Campuses may rescind admission for any student who is found to be ineligible after the final transcript has been evaluated. In no case may such documents be received and validated by the University any later than a student's registration for their second term of CSU enrollment.
Test Requirements. Freshman and transfer applicants who have fewer than 60 semester or 90 quarter units
of transferable college credit are strongly encouraged to submit scores, unless exempt
(see "Eligibility Index"), from either the ACT or the SAT of the College Board. Persons
who apply to an impacted program may be required to submit test scores and should
take the test no later than November or December. Test scores also are used for advising
and placement purposes. Registration forms and dates for the SAT or ACT are available
from school or college counselors or from a CSU campus testing office. Contact campus
Testing Services at 559.278.2457. Or students may write to or call:
The College Board (SAT)
Registration Unit, Box 6200
Princeton, New Jersey 08541-6200
ACT Registration Unit
P.O. Box 414
Iowa City, Iowa 52240
CSU minimum TOEFL undergraduate standards are 61 for Internet, 500 for paper. Graduate
standards are 80 for Internet, 550 for paper.
Graduate-Postbaccalaureate English Language Requirement (TOEFL). All graduate and post-baccalaureate applicants, regardless of citizenship, whose native language is not English and whose preparatory education was principally in a language other than English must demonstrate competence in English. Those who do not possess a bachelor's degree from a postsecondary institution where English is the principal language of instruction must receive a minimum score of (campus minimum score) on the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Some programs require a higher score. Several CSU campuses may use alternative methods for assessing fluency in English including Pearson Test of English Academic (PTE Academic), the International English Language Testing System (IELTS), and the International Test of English Proficiency (ITEP).
All graduate applicants must submit a minimum TOEFL score of 550, unless they have a baccalaureate degree from an institution of higher education in which English is the language of instruction. Some campuses may also use alternative methods of assessing English fluency. Graduate applicants taking the Internet version must score 80 or above.
Each campus will posts the tests it accepts on its website and will notify students
after they apply about the tests it accepts and when to submit scores.
Systemwide Placement Test Requirements. The CSU requires that each entering undergraduate, except those who qualify for an exemption, take the CSU Entry Level Mathematics (ELM) examination and the CSU English Placement Test (EPT) prior to enrollment. These placement tests are not a condition for admission to the CSU, but they are a condition of enrollment. These examinations are designed to identify entering students who may need additional support in acquiring college entry-level English and mathematics skills necessary to succeed in CSU baccalaureate-level courses. Undergraduate students who do not demonstrate college-level skills both in English and in mathematics will be placed in appropriate remedial programs and activities during the first term of their enrollment. Students placed in remedial programs in either English or mathematics must complete all remediation in their first year of enrollment. Failure to complete remediation by the end of the first year may result in denial of enrollment for future terms. Students register for the EPT (www.csuenglishsuccess.org/ept) and/or ELM (www.csumathsuccess.org/elm_exam). Campus may establish deadlines by which new students must register for and/or take placement exams as a requirement for enrollment. (See Academic Placement for EPT and ELM.)
Early Start Program. Entering resident freshmen who are not proficient in math or English will need to start the remediation process before their first regular term.
The goals of Early Start Program are
- to better prepare students in math and English, before the fall semester of freshman year;
- to add an important and timely assessment tool in preparing students for college; and
- to improve students' chances of successful completion of a college degree.
Newly admitted freshman students who are required to complete Early Start will be
notified of the requirement and options for completing the program as part of campus
communications to newly admitted students.
Adult Students. As an alternative to regular admission criteria, applicants who are 25 years of age or older may be considered for admission as adult students if they meet all of the following conditions:
- Possess a high school diploma (or have established equivalence through either the General Educational Development or California High School Proficiency Examinations).
- Have not been enrolled as a full-time student for more than one term during the past five years. (Part-time enrollment is permissible. )
- have earned a C average or better in all college coursework attempted in the last five years
- First time freshman: completion of at least high school level intermediate algebra and high school college prep level English.
- Lower-division transfer: completion of at least intermediate algebra at the college level and completion of English composition at the college level.
- Upper-division transfer: a student with 56 or more transferable units does not qualify for special admission through this program and must meet all regular admission requirements.
Consideration will be based upon a judgment as to whether the applicant is as likely
to succeed as a regularly admitted freshman or transfer student and will include an
assessment of basic skills in the English language and mathematical computation. For
information, call the Reentry Office at 559.278.1787.
Graduation Requirements in Writing Proficiency. All students must demonstrate competency in writing skills as a requirement for graduation. Information on currently available ways to meet this graduation requirement may be obtained from the Degree Advising Office or the Testing Office.
Graduate and Postbaccalaureate Admission Requirements
Postbaccalaureate students seeking a second undergraduate degree must file a graduate admission application. For additional information, see the Division of Graduate Studies.
Appeal of Admission Decision. Section 89030.7 of the California Education Code requires that the California State University establish specific requirements for appeal procedures for a denial of admission. Each CSU campus must publish appeal procedures for applicants denied admission to the University. The procedure is limited to addressing campus decisions to deny an applicant admission to the University.
Admissions appeal procedures must address the basis for appeals, provide 15 business
days for an applicant to submit an appeal, stipulate a maximum of one appeal per academic
term, provide specific contact information for the individual or office to which the
appeal should be submitted, and indicate a time estimate for when the campus expects
to respond to an appeal. The appeal procedures must be included in all denial of admission
notifications to students, and must also be published on the campus website.
International (Foreign) Students
The CSU must assess the academic preparation of foreign students. For this purpose, "foreign students" include those who hold U.S. temporary visas as students, exchange visitors, or in other non-immigrant classifications. The CSU uses separate requirements and application filing dates in the admission of "foreign students." Verification of English proficiency (see the section on the English Language Requirement for undergraduate applicants), financial resources, and academic performance are each important considerations for admission.
Academic records from foreign institutions must be on file by the deadline (see application deadlines in the copy that follows) for the first term and, if not in English, must be accompanied by certified English translations.
Applicants must have completed a comprehensive pattern of college preparatory courses. Verification of English proficiency (see the section on TOEFL requirement) and academic performance are required. Applicants who are seeking admission from American secondary or post-secondary schools must fulfill all requirements.
No admission decision will be made until required materials have been submitted to International Admissions.
Application Forms. All foreign students requesting admission for undergraduate or graduate study at California State University, Fresno must complete and file the international student application. Applicants must submit the following:
- an international application
- a $55 nonrefundable processing fee (note that checks must be drawn on a U.S. bank account)
- a current official bank statement from financial sponsor
- an official TOEFL score taken no earlier than two years prior to attendance at California State University, Fresno
- official original or certified true copies of academic documents and other school records in the native language and in English translation
Graduate students must also submit current GMAT/GRE scores and letters of recommendation.
All documents submitted become the property of California State University, Fresno and will not be returned. They will be kept permanently for those students who actually attend; however, documents for those students who do not enroll will be retained for only one year.
Application Deadlines. The international application, fee, and all required documents, transcripts, and test scores must be received no later than:
Fall Semester - June 1
Spring Semester - November 1
Fall Semester - March 1
Spring Semester - October 1
Academic credentials will be evaluated for academic eligibility in accordance with the general regulations governing admission to California State University, Fresno. Additionally, applicants must demonstrate English proficiency. (See TOEFL below.)
Graduate applications will be reviewed by the individual academic departments to determine eligibility for the requested graduate program.
TOEFL. To ensure that students are prepared to take advantage of the educational opportunities available at California State University, Fresno, each international student who must submit TOEFL scores will be required to participate in a post-admission testing program. The test will be administered during orientation immediately before the student's first matriculated semester. The purpose of the testing program (e.g. the University English Exam) is to assess strengths and weaknesses in written English. As a result of the post-admission testing, a student may be required to enroll in certain English as a Second Language (ESL) courses. TOEFL will be waived for those students who hold a bachelor's degree from a U.S. university.
An undergraduate student whose academic qualifications are acceptable, but who has not achieved an acceptable TOEFL score, may be granted a conditional admission. Such a student must obtain an I-20 form (Certificate of Eligibility) from an English language school and attend an English as a Second Language (ESL) program. In order to transfer from a language school to California State University, Fresno, a conditionally admitted student must present an official TOEFL score of 500 on the pencil-based exam or 173 on the computer-based exam, on a test taken within the last two years. (See also TOEFL Requirement.)
Insurance Requirement. Effective August 1,1995, as a condition of receiving an I-20 or IAP-66 form, all
F-1 and J-1 visa applicants must agree to obtain and maintain health insurance as
a condition of registration and continued enrollment in the California State University.
Such insurance must be in amounts as specified by the United States Information Agency
(USIA) and NAFSA: Association of International Educators. The campus president or
designee shall determine which insurance policies meet these criteria. Further information
may be obtained from the International Student Services and Programs Office at 278.2782
Determination of Residency for Tuition Purposes
University requirements for establishing residency for tuition purposes are independent from those of other types of residency, such as for tax purposes, or other state or institutional residency. These regulations were promulgated not to determine whether a student is a resident or nonresident of California, but rather to determine whether a student should pay University fees on an in-state or out-of- state basis. A resident for tuition purposes is someone who meets the requirements set forth in the Uniform Student Residency Requirements. These laws governing residency for tuition purposes at the California State University are California Education Code sections 68000-68085, 68120-68133, and 89705-89707.5, and California Code of Regulations, Title 5, Subchapter 5, Article 4, sections 41900- 41916. Residency material can be viewed on the internet by accessing the website at www.calstate.edu/GC/resources.shtml.
Each campus' Admissions and Records Office is responsible for determining the residency status of all new and returning students based on the Application for Admission, Residency Questionnaire, Reclassification Request Form, and, as necessary, other evidence furnished by the student. A student who fails to submit adequate information to establish eligibility for resident classification will be classified as a nonresident.
Generally, establishing California residency for tuition purposes requires a combination of physical presence and intent to remain indefinitely. An adult who, at least 366 days prior to the residency determination date for the term in which enrollment is contemplated, can demonstrate both physical presence in the state combined with evidence of intent to remain in California indefinitely may establish California residency for tuition purposes. A minor normally derives residency from the parent(s) they reside with or most recently resided with.
Evidence demonstrating intent may vary from case to case but will include, and is not limited to, the absence of residential ties to any other state, California voter registration and voting in California elections, maintaining California vehicle registration and driver's license, maintaining active California bank accounts, filing California income tax returns and listing a California address on federal tax returns, owning residential property or occupying or renting a residence where permanent belongings are kept, maintaining active memberships in California professional or social organizations, and maintaining a permanent military address and home of record in California.
Nonresident students seeking reclassification are required to complete a supplemental questionnaire that includes questions concerning their financial independence. Financial independence is required, in addition to physical presence and intent, to be eligible for reclassification. Financial independence is established if in the calendar year the reclassification application is made and in any of the three calendar years preceding the reclassification application the student:
- has not and will not be claimed as an exemption for state and federal tax purposes by his/her parent;
- has not and will not receive more than seven hundred and fifty dollars ($750) per year in financial assistance from his/her parent; and
- has not lived and will not live longer than six (6) weeks in the home of his/her parent.
A nonresident student who has been appointed as a graduate student teaching assistant, a graduate student research assistant, or a graduate student teaching associate on any CSU campus and is employed on a 0.49 or more time basis is exempt from the financial independence requirement.
Non-citizens establish residency in the same manner as citizens, unless precluded by the Immigration and Nationality Act from establishing domicile in the United States.
Exceptions to the general residency requirements are contained in California Education Code sections 68070-68085 and California Code of Regulations, Title 5, Subchapter 5, Article 4, sections 41906- 41906.6, 41910 and include, but are not limited to, members of the military and their dependents, certain credentialed employees of school districts and most students who have attended three or more years of high school (grades 9-12) in California and graduated from a California high school or attained the equivalent of graduation. Whether an exception applies to a particular student can only be determined after the submission of an application for admission and, as necessary, additional supporting documentation. Because neither campus nor Chancellor's Office staff may give advice on the application of these laws, applicants are strongly urged to review the material for themselves and consult with a legal adviser.
Residency determination dates are set each term. They are as follows:
Quarter Term Campuses
Fall - September 20
Winter- January 5
Spring - April 1
Summer - July 1
Semester Term Campuses
Fall - September 20
Winter* - January 5
Spring - January 25
Summer - June 1
*Applies only to winter term at CSU Stanislaus
CalState TEACH operates on a trimester system. The residency determination dates for CalState TEACH are as follows:
Fall - September 20
Spring- January 5
Summer- June 1
There are exceptions from nonresident tuition, including the following:
- A student below the age of 19 whose parents were residents of California and left the state while the student, who remained, was still a minor. When the minor reaches age 18, the exception continues until the student has resided in the state the minimum time necessary to become a resident.
- Minors who have been present in California with the intent of acquiring residence for more than a year before the residence determination date and have been entirely self-supporting for that period of time. The exception continues until the student has resided in the state the minimum time necessary to become a resident.
- Persons below the age of 19 who have lived with and been under the continuous direct care and control of an adult or adults, not a parent, for the two years immediately preceding the residence determination date. Such adult must have been a California resident for the most recent year. The exception continues until the student has resided in the state the minimum time necessary to become a resident.
- Dependent children and spouse of a person in active military service stationed in California on the residence determination date. There is no time limitation on this exception unless the military person transfers out of California or retires from military service. If either of those events happen, the student's eligibility for this exception continues until the student resides in the state the minimum time necessary to become a resident.
- Military personnel in active service stationed in California on the residence determination date for purposes other than education at state-supported institutions of higher education. Effective January 1, 1994, this exception continues until the military personnel has resided in the state the minimum time necessary to become a resident.
- Military personnel in active service in California for more than one year immediately prior to being discharged from the military. Eligibility for this exception runs from the date the student is discharged from the military until the student has resided in the state the minimum time necessary to become a resident.
- Dependent children of a parent who has been a California resident for the most recent year. This exception continues until the student has resided in the state the minimum time necessary to become a resident, so long as continuous attendance is maintained at an institution.
- Graduates of any school located in California that is operated by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, including, but not limited to, the Sherman Indian High School. The exception continues so long as continuous attendance is maintained by the student at an institution.
- Certain credentialed, full-time employees of California school districts and students who have attended high school in California and graduated or attained the equivalent.
- Full-time state university employees and their children and spouses; state employees assigned to work outside the state and their children and spouses. This exception continues until the student has resided in the state the minimum time necessary to become a California resident.
- Children of deceased public law enforcement or fire suppression employees, who were California residents, and who were killed in the course of law enforcement or fire suppression duties.
- Certain amateur student athletes in training at the United States Olympic Training Center in Chula Vista, California. This exception continues until the student has resided in the state the minimum time necessary to become a resident.
- Federal civil service employees and their natural or adopted dependent children if the employee has moved to California as a result of a military mission realignment action that involves the relocation of at least 100 employees. This exception continues until the student has resided in the state the minimum time necessary to become a resident.
- State government legislative or executive fellowship program enrollees. The student ceases to be eligible for this exception when the student is no longer enrolled in the qualifying fellowship.
Students classified as nonresidents may appeal to the Chancellor's Office within 30 calendar days of the issuance of the notification of the final campus decision. The campus decision may be appealed only if at least one of the following applies:
The decision was based on:
a) a significant error of fact;
b) a significant procedural error; or
c) an incorrect application of law which, if corrected, would require that the student be reclassified as a resident; and/or,
2. Significant new information, not previously known or available to the student,
became available after the date of the campus decision classifying the student as
a nonresident and based on the new information, the classification as a nonresident
is incorrect.
You must explain why your appeal meets one or more of the above appeal criteria and provide supporting documentation. For example, a significant error of fact could be demonstrated by stating that the campus incorrectly determined that a specific document, such as a drivers license, was untimely and by providing a copy of the document establishing the error. An appeal that only states a significant error of fact, will be denied.
An appeal will ONLY be accepted from the student and must be submitted through the InfoReady site. Appeals via email, fax, and U.S. mail will not be accepted. A student with a documented disability that prohibits the student from submitting an appeal through the InfoReady site should contact Student Academic Services (see contact information listed below) for assistance:
The California State University
Office of the Chancellor
Student Academic Services
401 Golden Shore, 6th Floor
Long Beach, California 90802-4210
As of August 1, 2017, appeals should be submitted online.
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Whether you prefer an automatic drip coffee maker or the meditation of a perfect...
All great things in this world come from a mistake, it seems. And coffee is no exception. But the history of coffee is one that is full of twists and turns, some political, some down to happenstance, but all of them have contributed to your double espresso being what it is today.
The popular theory is that coffee was really 'discovered' by a sheep herder from Caffa Ethiopia. The herder was known as Kaldi, and he happened to notice that his sheep would get hyperactive after eating red "cherries" from the plant we now know to be coffee.
Intrigued as to what the plant was doing to his flock, Kaldi tried a couple himself, and was soon in a caffeine frenzy. Initially, the local monks scolded Kaldi for his new found drug, but they soon found that if they took some coffee themselves, the monks could stay up later for their prayers- or so the story goes.
Originally the coffee plant grew naturally in Ethopia, where the coffee bean would be wrapped in animal fat by the locals and used as sustenance on long hunting and raiding expeditions over a thousand years ago. It was the Arabians that took the plant away, farmed it heavily, and began the first coffee monopoly. In 1453, the Turks were the first people to actually make a drink out of coffee beans, and the world's first coffee shop, Kiva Han, opened there 22 years later. At the same time, Turkish law made it legal to divorce a man if he fails to provide his wife with enough coffee to last her the day.
In 1511, the governor of Mecca, Khair Beg, tried to ban coffee because he saw that its influence might encourage the emergence of an opposition to his government. Beg wasn't a smart man, because the Sultan of Arabia considered coffee to be sacred, and duly had the Governor killed. In Arabia at the time, coffee plants were guarded like we guard nuclear plants today. The idea was to keep coffee in Arabia, but it was a theory that worked better in concept than practice. Just as with any other delicacy, when you tell people they can't have it, they find a way to have it anyway, and so a man by the name of Baba Budan smuggled the precious beans to the region of Mysore, India, and began farming coffee. To this day, the offshoots of those original plants are still farmed in Mysore.
Not everyone was a fan- at least initially. Pope Vincent III was told that coffee was the Devil's drink, so he decided to give it a tiny taste before putting through the decree that would ban the drink. That taste was enough to turn the religious leader around on the topic, leaving him to state that the drink was "so delicious it would be a pity to let the infidels have exclusive use of it." Vinnie the Third duly 'baptized' coffee, making it an acceptable drink for the Christian flock.
So how did coffee get out to America? Some say that Captain John Smith brought it with him when he founded the colony of Virginia at Jamestown. Not long after that time, in 1645, the first coffeehouse opened in Italy, followed by one in England some seven years later. From that point, coffee was unstoppable. Within six years, coffee had replaced beer as New York's City's favorite breakfast drink. Within another ten, Edward Lloyd's coffeehouse in England makes such good money, and does so well at attracting wealthy merchants and maritime insurance agents, that it becomes Lloyd's of London, the best-known and one of the most profitable insurance companies in history.
When the Dutch smuggled a coffee plant smuggled out of Arabia, they took it to Ceylon and Java, and soon had a near monopoly of their own. In 1723, the French used the same trick of sneaking a coffee seedling across the sea and turning it into an industry, when naval officer Gabriel Mathieu do Clieu stole a plant and shipped it to Martinique. 50 years later, there were over 19 million coffee trees on the island, and over time, 90% of the world's commercial coffee crop would come from this one single plant.
Meanwhile, the Brazilians had got into the act. In 1727, a Lieutenant Colonel Francisco de Melo Palheta came to arbitrate a border dispute between the French and the Dutch colonies in Guyana. By all reports, he did his job well, but while he was at it, he shacked up with the wife of the Governor of French Guyana. When Palheta departed, the lady saw him off with a bouquet containing hidden coffee cuttings and fertile seeds.
In 1773, Americans threw coffee and tea overboard to protest English taxes on the nation, bringing about The Boston Tea Party and spurring a revolution. In Europe at the same time, Prussia's Frederick the Great tried to block imports of green coffee to stop Prussia's economy going south. He needn't have bothered, for the public outcry that ensued soon proved impossible to bare and he revoked the ban.
Fast forward 120 years and the local roasting shop and coffee mill is a commonplace sight in most western cities – that is, until Hills Bros. begin packing roast coffee in vacuum tins, destroying the roasting shop industry for all but a few large companies in the process. A year later, in 1901, instant coffee was created by Japanese-American chemist Satori Kato in Chicago, and two years after that, a German coffee importer, Ludwig Roselius, decides to see if a batch of ruined coffee beans can be turned into something useful by his researchers. They notice the caffeine has been removed by the water that ruined the beans, and the decaffeinated product is soon marketed as Sanka.
And if you think coffee was big by that point, just imagine what happened when the American government banned alcohol in 1920. Coffee sales skyrocketed. Twenty years later, the United States regularly imports a whopping 70% of the world coffee crop for itself. American soldiers are issued instant Maxwell House coffee in their ration kits as they fight World War II, while widespread hoarding on the home front leads to coffee becoming a rationed commodity across the country. The other side of the War was working coffee magic too, as Italian Achilles Gaggia invented the espresso machine. He duly named the Cappuccino for its resemblance to the color of the robes of the monks of the Capuchin order.
In 1971, Starbucks opened its first store in Seattle's Pike Place public market. By 1995, Starbucks had become a pop culture reference, with a store on every block, and, in some cases, every corner. From 1995 to 2000, coffee consumption skyrockets once more, rising a whopping 700%. The price paid to growers drops, in the same time, by over 50%, due largely to competition from Asian growers and predatory buying practices.
Tomorrow? Who knows?