text: An evaluation of patient attitudes to the gastroenterology outpatient experienceLarkins, Amy S.; Windsor, Amy V.C.; Trebble, Timothy M.European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology: January 2013 - Volume 25 - Issue 1 - p 44–55 doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e3283589f80 Original Articles: General Gastroenterology Abstract Author Information Article Outline Objective To determine patient attitudes in gastroenterology outpatient care, including the preferences and expectations associated with satisfaction, waiting times and quality in the consultation. Methods A service evaluation of patient care in outpatient gastroenterology clinics was carried out using a composite, dedicated self-completed questionnaire; this included demographics, preconsultation and postconsultation Likert scale attitudes to process, interactive and environmental factors and a 16-point ranking questionnaire of domains of the patient pathway considered important to obtaining satisfaction. Results Two hundred and twenty-seven patients agreed to participate. The factors considered most important to obtaining satisfaction related to the quality of the consultation, including 'seeing the doctor', 'having confidence in the treatment plan', 'clear and appropriately set explanations', 'being listened to', 'opportunity to express important issues' and 'recognition of needs'. Low importance was attributed to process and environmental aspects including waiting times (appointment and waiting room), explanations for delays and the quietness and privacy of the consultation room, and involvement of the patient's next of kin. Patients reported dissatisfaction with long waiting times and short consultation times, but this did not appear to influence postconsultation satisfaction, the likelihood of reattendance or following the treatment plan. Conclusion Patients consider that factors most important to a satisfactory experience in gastroenterology outpatient care relate specifically to the quality of their interaction with their healthcare professional in consultation. The roles of environmental and process issues are considered less important. Department of Gastroenterology, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK Correspondence to Timothy M. Trebble, Department of Gastroenterology, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Southwick Hill Road, Cosham, Portsmouth PO6 3LY, UK Tel: +44 2392 286000, ext 6255; fax: +44 2392 286446; e-mail: email@example.com Received June 2, 2012 Accepted July 26, 2012 Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Survey design and development Patient recruitment and survey setting Statistical analysis Ethics Results Patient demographics Patients' attitudes to waiting room times and their consult... Patient responses after consultation Ranking questionnaire Discussion Acknowledgements Conflicts of interest References Appendix 1 Back to Top | Article Outline Introduction Understanding patients' attitudes to their healthcare is essential to developing high-quality 1 patient-centred management. It promotes dialogue between services users, providers and purchasers 2, gives patients a 'voice' 3,4 that empowers them in making healthcare choices, can direct service reconfiguration 5,6 and incentivizes quality improvements by recognizing their role as a service evaluator 7. Furthermore, it is essential to understanding patient-reported 'value' in the patient journey, which is necessary for lean thinking transformation and other productivity-based service redesign systems 8. Outpatient management accounts for a high proportion of secondary care resources, with ∼56.3 million clinic appointments per year in the UK 9. Gastroenterology outpatient management relates to a range of subspecialty presentations, and includes chronic disease and functional presentations. It is proposed that patients with gastroenterological disorders have specific needs 10,11 reflecting demographic and clinical disease characteristics. These may differ from nongastroenterological disorders, and result in contrasting patient requirements from and attitudes to their care. Patient surveys investigating the quality of the outpatient experience are undertaken with the aim of raising standards 12. However, these often have limited value because of poor validity and reliability 13,14, difficulty in interpreting findings and limited translation into service improvement 15. Therefore, it is proposed that understanding quality in the patient experience can be improved by addressing a range of patient-related domains 16, i.e. personal preferences (what should occur, is prioritized or is valued 5), expectations (beliefs about what is desired or will actually occur 5), tendencies due to personal characteristics and quality of care received. Furthermore, that quality in the healthcare experience is measured by investigating whether these (and particularly patient expectations) are addressed 17. The National Survey of Outpatient in England 12 has been used to identify key domains for a positive patient experience 18 involving patients from unselected outpatient speciality clinics. Published data in the medical literature relating to patient expectations and preferences in gastroenterology outpatient care, however, are limited, with published studies restricted to satisfaction surveys of patients undergoing endoscopic procedures 19,20 or gastrointestinal cancer management 21. Furthermore, there is a paucity of published data in the medical literature relating specifically to patient expectations and preferences in hospital outpatient care from any speciality, with a recent health technology assessment review advising of a pattern of weak research designs, small or selected samples, rarely stated theoretical framework and unclear origins of survey questions with poor validity 22. This limits our understanding of patient-reported 'value' and quality in the gastroenterology outpatient pathway, and therefore how services can be improved and redesigned around patient priorities. The aim of this service evaluation, therefore, was to investigate patient attitudes in gastroenterology outpatients' care, including preferences and expectations relating to process, environmental and interactive factors. This was intended to test a methodology that can be used for improving quality through informed decision-making. Back to Top | Article Outline Materials and methods Survey design and development This patient survey was a cross-sectional, self-administered service evaluation of current gastroenterology outpatient care. A structured methodology was followed 2,23. Domains for the questionnaire were identified from a range of sources. This included four domains from a qualitative assessment of patients' attitudes of the gastroenterology outpatient experience by two trained junior doctors using open questions, three domains from the national outpatient survey and a report of the key domains associated with satisfaction from the national outpatient survey 12 and three domains from a published, validated endoscopy-related patient evaluation 19,20. These domains and a review of studies from the published literature 24–27 were used to identify aspects of the outpatient pathway that related to experiential quality. A composite, quantitative, self-completed patient questionnaire (Appendix 1) was then designed in two parts. Part one surveyed 'patients' expectations of the outpatient clinic experience and was completed by patients while waiting for their appointment, taking ∼15 min. This included demographic details, Likert scale formatted questions relating to attitudes to process aspects of the patients pathway and a 16-point ranking scale questionnaire to determine aspects of the patient journey that patients considered most important in obtaining satisfaction with their visit. Patients' reported outpatient waiting time and time within consultation were included with their opinion on acceptable durations and influence on satisfaction with their visit. The ranking scale questionnaire was adapted from a validated methodology by Yacavone et al. 20 that had been tested previously for reliability in the local population for patients undergoing endoscopic procedures 19. Part two of the survey was a retrospective assessment of patient attitudes to the outpatient clinic experience, and included Likert scale formatted questions, completed on exit from their appointment, taking ∼5 min to complete. The questionnaire was then piloted on 20 patients to review its design for acceptability and appropriateness to the patient cohort. After completing the questionnaire, patients were asked for feedback on how the questions were interpreted and the reasons for incorrect completion, and a preliminary analysis of results was carried out. The questionnaire was adapted as required. All information was collected anonymously to facilitate open and honest patient responses. Back to Top | Article Outline Patient recruitment and survey setting The survey was conducted in the gastroenterology outpatient department at the Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK, a large district general hospital that undertakes ∼3500 new referral and 7700 follow-up consultations per year. Consecutive patients attending adult outpatient gastroenterology clinics, varied by specialist, on different days were invited to participate. The questionnaire used was self-explanatory. Two junior doctors were available to answer general enquiries, although the patients completed the questionnaire independently. Accompanying relatives or friends were allowed to assist patients who were unable to complete the questionnaire because of a language barrier or physical limitations. Back to Top | Article Outline Statistical analysis Review of previous studies and other sources 28 indicated that a cohort of ∼200 patients would be required. Data entry and statistical analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). In view of the nonparametric nature of the results, these were reported as median and interquartile range. The association between expected and postconsultation actual reported waiting times and consultation times were tested using the Pearson's χ 2-test. The association between patient-reported attitudes to satisfaction and the likelihood of following their treatment plan or attending their follow-up appointment, before and after their consultation, were tested using the McNemar's χ 2-test. Back to Top | Article Outline Ethics The survey protocol was reviewed by the NHS Research Ethics Committee, who confirmed its status as a service evaluation for which formal ethical approval was not required. This was consistent with previously published service evaluation surveys in endoscopy 19,29. The basic ethical principles were, however, followed including patient confidentiality. Back to Top | Article Outline Results Patient demographics Between April and October 2011, a total of 236 patients were invited to participate in the survey, of whom 227 agreed, with 210 returning the ranking questionnaire and 190 returning the postconsultation questionnaire. Among responders, 60.4% were women and 39.6% were men, aged between 17.1 and 89.5 years (mean 53.0 years, SD 18.7). Educational status included 5.9% patients who left school before taking GCSEs or O levels, 57.7% after completing GCSEs or O levels, 20.0% after completing A levels and 15.9% who were university graduates. Back to Top | Article Outline Patients' attitudes to waiting room times and their consultation A total of 14.8% of respondents reported that they were attending hospital outpatients for the first time. Patients commonly reported that they arrived a median time of 15 min early (range 0–260 min) for their appointment, but that an outpatient waiting time of up to 30 min was reasonable (Table 1). Reported expected outpatient waiting times, however, were 30 min or more in almost half of the cohort (49.6%). By comparison, postconsultation reported actual waiting times showed a greater spread, with both more frequent short waiting times (15 min or less) and long waiting times (greater than an hour), which contrasted with expected values (P<0.05) (Table 1). Table 1 When asked who they would like to be seen by, 45.0% of patients responded the consultant, 11.8% any doctor, 5.2% suggested a nurse specialist and 34.5% did not express a preference. When asked what was the minimum time that their doctor or other health professional should spend with them, 86.0% of patients responded 'as long as necessary', with other responses as times between 10 and 30 min. The consultation time that patients expected to be spent with their doctor or other healthcare professional and the postconsultation reported actual times are shown (Table 2). Postconsultation values showed a greater spread with more frequent short consultations (less than 5 min) and more frequent longer duration (greater than 16 min), which contrasted with the preconsultation expected times (P<0.05). Table 2 Back to Top | Article Outline Patient responses after consultation After consultation, 49.5% of patients responded that their waiting room time had been too long and 29.5% as just right. The majority of patients, 68.4%, responded that their consultation time had been 'just right', with 5.3% responding that it was too short, 1.6% too long and 24.7% who did not mind or did not express an opinion. Patient-reported attitudes to their waiting room and consultation times are shown (Table 3). Before consultation, more patients reported that the expected length of time spent in consultation would influence their satisfaction with their visit than would not (43.3 vs. 38.8%). However, this contrasted with postconsultation patient responses, with a majority reporting that their consultation time would not influence their satisfaction with their visit (31.1 vs. 56.9%) (P<0.01). By comparison, there were no significant differences in patients' reported attitudes with respect to the duration of their consultation times and following their treatment plan (P=1.0) or attending their follow-up appointment (P=0.6). Table 3 Back to Top | Article Outline Ranking questionnaire The results for ranked values for 16 aspects of the gastroenterology outpatient experience that patients considered most important for their satisfaction with their outpatient experience are shown (Table 4). The eight aspects of the outpatient experience considered most important related to the patient–doctor consultation, and included 'seeing the doctor', obtaining a 'clear explanation and questions answered in a way that I could understand', 'having confidence in the treatment plan put in place by the doctor' and 'being listened to' (Fig. 1a–c). The eight aspects considered least important related to process or environmental aspects and included 'involvement of my next of kin in my management plan', 'an explanation given for any delay in my appointment time', 'appearance and cleanliness of the waiting room' and 'length of time I waited to get an outpatients appointment' (Fig. 1d–f). Table 4 Fig. 1 Back to Top | Article Outline Discussion This patient service evaluation investigated the nature of quality in a gastroenterology outpatients department. Likert scale questions investigated the relationship between process aspects of the patient journey and their relationship with patient satisfaction, the likelihood of reattendance or adherence to the treatment plan before and after the consultation. A ranking questionnaire was used to prospectively prioritize 16 process, environment and interaction aspects of the outpatient journey with respect to their importance in obtaining a satisfactory experience. To our knowledge, this survey is the first in the published literature to investigate the interactive, process and environmental aspects of the gastroenterology outpatient journey from a patient value or priorities perspective. The results suggest that aspects of the outpatient visit considered most important for a satisfactory experience relate to the quality of the consultation itself including 'seeing the doctor', 'having confidence in the treatment plan', 'clear and appropriately set explanations', 'being listened to', 'opportunity to express important issues' and 'recognition of needs'. By comparison, relatively low importance was attributed to process and environmental aspects including waiting times (appointment and waiting room), explanations for delays and the quietness and privacy of the consultation room, and involvement of the patients' next of kin. The importance of the nature of the consultation is supported by a clear preference from patients that the minimum time for the consultation should be as long as necessary and, in the majority of responses, by the consultant. Patient attitudes to the duration of steps in the patient journey were included as a reflection of the quality of its process. The outpatient waiting room times were reported as too long at an hour or more in over 40% of patients; however, it is not clear whether this represented time from patient arrival to the department or time from the allotted appointment time or whether they were subjective estimates or recorded. However, after consultation, the outpatient wait duration was more commonly not considered important in influencing satisfaction with the outpatient visit. In addition, patients commonly reported that consultation times were of acceptable duration, albeit contrasting with their expectations, and did not appear to alter their satisfaction with the outpatient experience. The pattern of these responses may indicate that satisfaction with the outpatient experience is more reflective of qualitative aspects of the patient–doctor interaction (as identified in the ranking questionnaire) than process (including waiting and consultation times) and environmental aspects. A central component of the methodology was to achieve validity and reliability in the survey. The questionnaire used established formats including Likert questions and a ranking system that had previously shown construct validity for satisfaction among patients undergoing endoscopy in the USA and was further assessed for reliability in the local population 19, with domains for the ranking questionnaire derived from a combination of available sources. The questionnaire was subjected to further review with respect to patient interpretation of the questions and a pilot study, before its full use. To reduce selection bias, consecutive patients from various gastroenterology clinics on different days were evaluated, although a formal randomization process was not used. Selection bias is also likely to have been reduced by the relatively high return rate on the patient questionnaire of over 80% across its composite parts. To reduce acquiescence response bias 15, all patient interaction in the evaluation was undertaken by two junior doctors without any other involvement in outpatient management and with strict patient anonymity without recording of names or any other identifiable details other than date of birth (to determine patients' age). Previous surveys of patients attitudes to outpatient care have utilized a number of different methods, but there has been a recognized failure to identify an optimum system 30, with studies frequently based on poorly validated satisfaction surveys 13, with limited interpretability 16 because of their subjective, multidimensional nature 2. By comparison, the service evaluation described did not assess patient satisfaction but aimed to identify domains associated with a quality and satisfactory outpatient experience that may be used to facilitate service improvements and redesign around patient priorities 14 through lean thinking 31 and similar transformation systems. These data can also be used to determine and address patients' preferences and expectations, which can positively influence their opinions of the healthcare they receive, their engagement with doctors and clinical management 32–34. The findings reported are consistent with the key domains as predictors of patient experience noted in the national surveys of outpatient experience in England 12 that included 'dealing with the issue', 'doctors' and 'information about discharge and treatment'. A questionnaire study of cardiology and GP clinic outpatients using Likert scale questions only (without ranking of importance or value) noted that patient expectations related to interactive factors with their doctor in consultation but also process and environmentally related factors including waiting times and cleanliness 22. The role of the interactive factors in determining quality in the outpatient journey was also noted in a meta-analysis by Saila et al. 30 that identified the importance of the consultation with the doctor, effective communication and the establishment of a trustful yet professional patient–doctor relationship. Our findings contrast with the results of studies that have placed an emphasis on process aspects of the outpatient journey including waiting times for a first appointment and in the waiting room 25 and time in consultation 35. By comparison, published studies in oncology patients suggest that waiting times, environmental factors and aspects of patient–doctor interaction 36 may all be relevant to a satisfactory experience. These studies differ from the current service evaluation by reviewing aspects of care in absolute terms, and not comparatively, and therefore cannot be used to determine those steps within the pathway that patients prioritize and that reflect the greatest value in their healthcare journey. However, it is recognized that the nature of the process and environment involved in the patient pathway can also influence the quality of the consultation even if considered of low relative importance, for example by limiting patient–doctor interaction 37. What does this mean for doctors, their patients and service development? Three initial conclusions can be made. First, the focus of service development should be the quality and nature of the outpatient consultation, addressing patients' needs, and facilitating doctors in achieving this. By comparison, environmental and process issues may be a lower priority, and in addressing any related issues, care should be taken to avoid a detrimental effect on the nature and quality of the consultation. Second, the results suggest that shorter consultation times and longer outpatient waiting times are unsatisfactory for patients. However, their overall influence on patients' satisfaction with the outpatient experience may be less important than whether their expectations of the qualitative aspects of the doctor–patient consultation were met. Third, outpatient evaluations should be designed around patient priorities in their healthcare journey, which can be identified clearly through a patient survey. The study was carried out as a service evaluation in a single centre, the results of which indicate the need for larger formal studies in both gastroenterology and other specialities. If replicated in alternative settings, this may indicate a need to review how we investigate and address patient attitudes to their outpatient care in gastroenterology and more broadly in healthcare. Back to Top | Article Outline Acknowledgements The authors thank Steve Sizmur, Senior Statistician, Picker Institute, Europe. Back to Top | Article Outline Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.Back to Top | Article Outline References1. High quality care for all NHS next stage review final report. 2008 London, UK Department of Health Cited Here... 2. Batchelor C, Owens DJ, Read M, Bloor M. Patient satisfaction studies: methodology, management and consumer evaluation. Int J Health Care Qual Assur. 1994;7:22–30 Cited Here... 3. Hirschman AHirschman A. Voice. Exit, voice and loyalty. 1970;Vol 1 Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press:30–43 Cited Here... 4. Le Grand JLe Grand J. Agency and public services. Motivation, agency and public policy. 2003;Vol 1 Oxford Oxford University Press:73–84 Cited Here... 5. Wensing M, Elwyn G. Research on patients' views in the evaluation and improvement of quality of care. Qual Saf Health Care. 2002;11:153–157 Cited Here... 6. Patwardhan A, Partwardhan P. Are consumer surveys valuable as a service improvement tool in health services? Int J Health Qual Assur. 2009;22:670–685 Cited Here... 7. Ellins J. Great expectations? Reflections on the future of patient and public involvement in the NHS. Clin Med. 2011;11:544–547 Cited Here... 8. Trebble TM, Hydes T. Redesigning services around patients and their doctors: the continuing relevance of lean thinking transformation. Clin Med. 2011;11:308–310 Cited Here... 9. Referrals and attendences for outpatient appointments October to December 2010 (commissioner based summary). 2011 London, UK Department of Health Cited Here... 10. Nurmi E, Haapamaki J, Paavilainen E, Rantanen A, Hillila M, Arkkila P. The burden of inflammatory bowel disease on health care utilization and quality of life. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2012 [Epub ahead of print] Cited Here... 11. Elkjaer M, Moser G, Reinisch W, Durovicova D, Lukas M, Vucelic B, et al. IBD patients need in health quality of care ECCO consensus. J Crohns Colitis. 2008;2:181–188 Cited Here... 12. Sizmur S, Redding D Key domains of the experience of hospital outpatients. 2010 Europe Picker Institute Cited Here... 13. Sitzia J. How valid and reliable are patient satisfaction data? An analysis of 195 studies. Int J Qual Health Care. 1999;11:319–328 Cited Here... 14. Avis M, Bond M, Arthur A. Satisfying solutions? A review of some unresolved issues in the measurement of patient satisfaction. J Adv Nurs. 1995;22:316–322 Cited Here... 15. Gill L, White L. A critical review of patient satisfaction. Leadership Health Serv. 2009;22:8–19 Cited Here... 16. Coulter A, Fitzpatrick R, Cornwell J The point of care, measures of patients' experience in hospital: purpose, methods and uses. 2009 London, UK Kings Fund Available at: http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/measures.html Cited Here... 17. Biering P, Becker H, Calvin A, Grobe SJ. Casting light on the concept of patient satisfaction by studying the construct validity and the sensitivity of a questionnaire. Int J Health Care Qual Assur Inc Leadersh Health Serv. 2006;19:246–258 Cited Here... 18. Redding D, Boyd J, Swain D. Outpatients survey. Revealed: ins and outs of patients' experiences. Health Serv J. 2010;120:22–23 Cited Here... 19. Hydes T, Yusuf A, Pearl DS, Trebble TM. A survey of patients' attitudes to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy identifies the value of endoscopist-patient interactive factors. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2011;2:242–248 Cited Here... 20. Yacavone RF, Locke GR III, Gostout CJ, Rockwood TH, Thieling S, Zinsmeister AR. Factors influencing patient satisfaction with GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;53:703–710 Cited Here... 21. Kavadas V, Barham CP, Finch-Jones MD, Vickers J, Sanford E, Alderson D, Blazeby JM. Assessment of satisfaction with care after inpatient treatment for oesophageal and gastric cancer. Br J Surg. 2004;91:719–723 Cited Here... 22. Bowling A, Rowe G, Lambert N, Waddington M, Mahtani K, Kenten C, et al. The measurement of patients' expectations for health care: a review and psychometric testing of a measure of patients' expectations. Health Technol Assess. 2012;16:1–516 Cited Here... 23. Using patient feedback, a practical guide to improving patient experience. 2009 Oxford, UK Picker Institute Cited Here... 24. How user friendly is your outpatients department? A guide for improving services. 2004 London, UK Royal College of Physicians Cited Here... 25. Dunnill MG, Pounder RE. Medical outpatients: changes that can benefit patients. Clin Med. 2004;4:45–49 Cited Here... 26. Waghorn A, McKee M. Understanding patients' views of a surgical outpatient clinic. J Eval Clin Pract. 2000;6:273–279 Cited Here... 27. Bishop F, Matthews FJ, Probert CS, Billett J, Battcock T, Frisby SD, Mayberry JF. Patients' views on how to run hospital outpatient clinics. J R Soc Med. 1991;84:522–523 Cited Here... 28. Van Bennekorn F Statistical confidence in a survey: how many is enough? http://www.greatbrook.com/survey_statistical_confidence.htm [Accessed 5 September 2012] Cited Here... 29. Seip B, Huppertz-Hauss G, Sauar J, Bretthauer M, Hoff G. Patients' satisfaction: an important factor in quality control of gastroscopies. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43:1004–1011 Cited Here... 30. Saila T, Mattila E, Kaila M, Aalto P, Kaunonen M. Measuring patient assessments of the quality of outpatient care: a systematic review. J Eval Clin Pract. 2008;14:148–154 Cited Here... 31. Young TP, McClean SI. A critical look at Lean Thinking in healthcare. Qual Saf Health Care. 2008;17:382–386 Cited Here... 32. Bell RA, Kravitz RL, Thom D, Krupat E, Azari R. Unmet expectations for care and the patient-physician relationship. J Gen Intern Med. 2002;17:817–824 Cited Here... 33. Kumar RN, Kirking DM, Hass SL, Vinokur AD, Taylor SD, Atkinson MJ, McKercher PL. The association of consumer expectations, experiences and satisfaction with newly prescribed medications. Qual Life Res. 2007;16:1127–1136 Cited Here... 34. Kravitz RL. Measuring patients' expectations and requests. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:881–888 Cited Here... 35. Anderson RT, Camacho FT, Balkrishnan R. Willing to wait?: the influence of patient wait time on satisfaction with primary care. BMC Health Serv Res. 2007;7:31 Cited Here... 36. Lis CG, Rodeghier M, Gupta D. Distribution and determinants of patient satisfaction in oncology: a review of the literature. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2009;3:287–304 Cited Here... 37. Waghorn A, McKee M. Surgical outpatient clinics: are we allowing enough time? Int J Qual Health Care. 1999;11:215–219 Cited Here... Back to Top | Article Outline Appendix 1 Table A1 Keywords:expectations; gastroenterology; outpatients; patient attitudes; preferences © 2013 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. Article Outline Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Survey design and development Patient recruitment and survey setting Statistical analysis Ethics Results Patient demographics Patients' attitudes to waiting room times and the... Patient responses after consultation Ranking questionnaire Discussion Acknowledgements Conflicts of interest References Appendix 1 Source An evaluation of patient attitudes to the gastroenterology outpatient experience European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology25(1):44-55, January 2013. 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Board of Education
The Adams 14 Board of Education is the policy-making body of the District. The Board governs the education of students and the operations of the District within limitations set by the state of Colorado. The Board is composed of five members elected by registered voters of the District. Elections are every two years. Board members are elected at-large and serve four-year terms as volunteers. After the election, Board members elect their own officers.
Click here to read the Board of Education Policies.
Board of Education Strategic Imperatives
- To dramatically improve academic performance, and move the District from Priority Improvement to Accredited with Distinction by the year 2020.
- To significantly empower all families and community members to become engaged partners in their child's education, by creating welcoming environments District-wide that reflect and support a culturally diverse population.
- To intentionally increase and improve communication District-wide, both internally and externally, as well as enhance the resources offered to our current clients and community members.
The Board of Education Believes:
Timio Archuleta
Term Expires: Nov. 2019
Connie Quintana
Vice President
Cell: 303-884-6971
Term Expires: Nov. 2021
Harvest Thomas
Cell: 303-519-2643
Term Expires: Nov. 2019
Dr. Bill Hyde
Term Expires: Nov. 2021
David Rolla
Cell: 303-648-1686
Term Expires: Nov. 2019
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The Public is Welcome
- To ensure all students will be at or above grade level
- To continually review programs and policies to ensure students are prepared for the 21st Century
- To continue our commitment to sustainable fiscal management and accountability
- To recruit and maintain the best qualified and well-trained work force
- To embrace the community as partners in the success of our students
Meetings, Minutes and Agendas
The Board meets at 6:30 p.m. on the second and fourth Tuesday of each month, and the public is welcome to attend - please note, interpretation services are available at each meeting. Time is set aside at each meeting to allow for public comments. Individuals who are interested in speaking during the public comments portion of the meeting must fill out an Audience Comment Card, which are available prior to the meeting in the Board of Education Room.
Additional tentative Special and/or Study Sessions may be scheduled and posted at the entrance of the administration building. All meetings take place in the Board of Education Room, Adams 14 Educational Support Services, 5291 East 60th Avenue, Commerce City, CO, unless posted otherwise.
Upcoming School Board Meetings(Dates and times subject to change.)
March 13, 2018
April 10, 2018
April 24, 2018
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Adams County School District 14
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Here's how to work through the issue based on district policy KE.
- Download and complete the complaint/concern form.
- Be sure to include your name and contact information so we can follow up with you. This information is required by district policy for us to do any research or investigation into a matter.
- Try to resolve your issue with the person you believe is responsible for the alleged inappropriate behavior. If the complaint is still unresolved, go to that person's supervisor (principal, manager, director, etc.) to seek resolution.
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You will be contacted as a part of the follow-up process for resolving your issue.
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- Intente resolver el problema con la persona que considera es responsable de la presunta conducta inapropiada. Si la denuncia aún no se ha resuelto, vaya con alguna persona (director de la escuela, gerente, director general, etc.) para buscar una solución.
- Si el problema sigue sin resolverse, lleve su formulario de queja al supervisor que supervisa el área de su interés (jefe de finanzas y operaciones, directora de recursos humanos, director académico o funcionario de participación pública) para su resolución.
- Si sigue sin resolverse, envié por correo electrónico el formulario a Karen Colato, firstname.lastname@example.com. Usted también puede dejar el formulario con Karen Colato, asistente ejecutiva para comunicaciones en 5291 E. 60th Ave., Commerce City, CO 80022.
Nos comunicaremos con usted como parte del proceso de seguimiento para resolver su problema.

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About Grain Farmers of Ontario
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March Classic 2018
Grains in Action
Within Grain Farmers of Ontario, the province is divided into 15 districts, each of which is assigned a minimum of eight delegates. Additional delegates are allocated based on the extent to which each district's total estimated combined acreage of barley, corn, oats, soybeans, and wheat exceeds 6.7 per cent of their total provincial acreage. The acreage is estimated based on adjusting production figured for average yields relative to each of the three crops. District alignment and delegate allocations will be reviewed not less than every five years thereafter, based on the most recent production data. Districts will be required to represent a minimum of five percent of production as defined above, except for northern Ontario, which will be assured a minimum of one district, and eastern Ontario, which will be assured a minimum of two districts, to respect the extent of the geography involved, regardless of the quantity of production. Use the interactive map below to find your director or delegate.
Can't see the map below? See it here
View the riding map below, or click to download a pdf. You can find the MPP for your riding online here.
The dynamic Daily Commodity Report allows users to click through up-to-the-minute commodity pricing data.
Check Wheat Cash Bids–check the futures or basis month to view contract information. All quotes are delayed snapshots.
Read weekly and monthly Grain Market Commentary by Grain Farmers of Ontario.
If you are a farmer-member of Grain Farmers of Ontario and would like to get in touch with us, please contact Steve McCabe, Member Relations: 226-979-5581.
For other inquiries, call us toll free: 1-800-265-0550 or click here.


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Offices Of Iraqi Kurdish Party Attacked
Iraqi President Jalal Talabani (file photo) (epa) August 15, 2006 -- A suicide bomber today attacked the headquarters of the party led by Iraqi President Jalal Talabani.
Reports say at least nine people were killed and around 35 others wounded in the blast at the offices of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan in the northern city of Mosul.
(AP, Reuters)
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Lately, we have seen many reports regarding the upcoming Galaxy C10 smartphone. This device is likely to feature a dual-lens rear camera. In fact, it is said to be the first Samsung smartphone to have such a camera setup.
This may not be the case, tips a recent report. Going by a post made on Weibo, it looks like the Galaxy J7 (2017) carrying the model number SM-33x might sport dual-lens rear cameras. For now, there are no details on whether the J7 might overtake the Galaxy C10 or Galaxy C10 Plus. Samsung has not revealed anything official about which one could be the first dual-lens camera phone from the company.
Also read: Samsung Galaxy J7 2017 to be launched soon
16MP dual lenses
As of now, there are not many details about the camera resolution of this smartphone. It is said that the alleged Galaxy J7 (2017) might feature 16MP dual lenses. Originally, the Galaxy C10 Plus was alleged to arrive with dual-lens rear snappers.
Galaxy J7 (2017) key specs
Talking about the Galaxy J7 (2017), the smartphone has been visiting the certification agencies including Wi-Fi Alliance and FCC in the past few weeks. The device was also spotted on the GeekBench database that revealed that it might arrive with 3GB RAM, 16GB default memory space and Exynos 7870 SoC. The Galaxy J7 is believed to be launched with Android 7.0 Nougat out-of-the-box. Within months of its launch, the smartphone is likely to receive the Android 7.1.1 Nougat update.
Also read: Samsung Galaxy J7 (2017) spotted on GFXBench once again
Imminent launch possible
The Galaxy J3 (2017) has already been announced in the U.S. market and the Galaxy J7 (2017) is believed to be launched alongside the Galaxy J5 (2017). The J5 and J7 for this year have been spotted on the Samsung retail mode website too. We can expect the smartphone to be released sometime in the coming weeks.
Gizbot Stay updated with latest technology news & gadget reviews. Subscribe to Gizbot.


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Be a part of a unique online community that connects post production professionals and film academics worldwide.
You'll have access to personalize your news feed, access to Live Post Talks and much more. Contribute to the community by posting interesting post production content.
April 11, 2011, 6:40 pm
Kendal sits down with Steve Bannerman from Assimilate and we get a walkthrough demo from Leandro Marini... all powered by of a MacBook Pro. Very cool stuff.
March 8, 2018, 5:33 am
Looking to add some life to your headlines and body text? Use these 5 tricks for easy text manipulation in Shutterstock Editor to help your typography stand out and get noticed.
March 8, 2018, 5:33 am
Ranging from beginner to expert, we round up the best After Effects tutorials around.
March 8, 2018, 5:33 am
Boris FX has announced Boris FX Suite 2018, a new product comprising its Continuum and Sapphire collection of plugins for common editing and compositing software, plus planar tracker Mocha Pro.
March 8, 2018, 5:32 am
The last particleIllusion demo reel, created in 2011. The veteran After Effects 2D particle animation tool is to be relaunched by new owner Boris FX as Particle Illusion, and will go on show at NAB 2018 in April.
March 7, 2018, 1:19 pm
Colour, more than any other element of a designer's work, has the greatest influence on how viewers feel. Understanding colour theory, its cultural symbolism and the relationship between colours is necessary to becoming a better artist and designer.
March 7, 2018, 1:19 pm
As the world of virtual reality advances, Adobe is right there in the center of the action.
March 7, 2018, 1:19 pm
Master of special effects, developer of professional post-production tools, Boris FX will introduce the new Particle Illusion and the newest versions of its plug-ins at the next edition of the NAB Show.
March 7, 2018, 10:14 am
John Williams has no doubt that Star Wars films will go on indefinitely now that the franchise is owned by Disney, but it sounds like he's over scoring them.
March 7, 2018, 10:14 am
In 2016, Craig Hammack explained the work of ILM on DEEPWATER HORIZON. He then worked on ROGUE ONE: A STAR WARS STORY.
March 7, 2018, 10:13 am
Dneg – Following the #Oscars and #EEBAFTA wins, here's our #VESAwards nominated #BladeRunner2049 Compositing Reel for another #BehindTheScenes look at our work! Congrats to our talented compositing team and to the whole Blade Runner crew at DNEG!
Gordon Burkell sits down with Nathan Robitaille and Nelson Ferreira to discuss the sound design of The Shape of Water, for wh ...
Gordon Burkell sits down to talk to Bruno Verdoni, who plays Pat in Molly's Game, about acting, working with Aaron Sorki ...
Gordon sits down with Alan Baumgarten and Josh Schaeffer to discuss their Eddie nominated work on the film Molly's Game.
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Who should join the ranks of SIAM Fellows?September 1, 2009
Nominations for the Class of 2010 open Sept 1
Do you have a colleague who has made a distinguished contribution to the disciplines of applied mathematics and computational science? Can you think of two? Nominate one or both to be considered for the SIAM Fellows Class of 2010.
The SIAM Fellows program honors exceptionally talented people in the community and makes their accomplishments visible to a wider audience. Fellowship is an honorific designation conferred on members distinguished for their outstanding contributions to the fields of applied mathematics and computational science.
As many as 35 members of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) will be selected for this honor in 2010. Support your profession and your colleagues by helping SIAM identify those members who have made the most significant contributions to the mathematical sciences.
Criteria for selection as a SIAM Fellow includes research excellence; excellence in industrial work (that may or may not involve traditional research); excellence in educational activities that reach a broad audience; or other forms of excellence directly related to the goals of SIAM.
Complete nomination procedures and information is available at http://fellows.siam.org/information. Beginning Tuesday, September 1, 2009, you can submit up to two nominations at http://fellows.siam.org/nominate. Only those nominations completed by Monday, November 2, 2009 will be considered for 2010 Fellowships. The SIAM Fellows Class of 2010 will be announced in April and all inductees will be acknowledged at the SIAM Annual Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, July 12-16, 2010.
For additional information about the SIAM Fellows Program please visit http://www.siam.org/prizes/fellows/index.php.
The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) is an international community of over 12,000 individual members, including applied and computational mathematicians, computer scientists, and other scientists and engineers. The Society advances the fields of applied mathematics and computational science by publishing a series of premier journals and a variety of books, sponsoring a wide selection of conferences, and through various other programs. More information about SIAM is available at www.siam.org.


text: krystyne at robin.sunnybrook.utoronto.ca wrote: : Hi. I can tell you that Ficus trees do not do well with moist : soil. Let the soil dry out completely before you water it : thoroughly again. This is the reason as to why its leaves : are turning brown, etc.. Good luck! : Regards, : Krystyne WRONG!! The Ficus that are sold braided in stores are invariably Ficus Benjamina. They love wet soil but they do not like direct sunlight. Move it away from the window and it will do just fine. Toddler


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Apologies in advance: this isn't a 'proper' blog post. I am still (STILL!) squirrelled away on Book 2 but, rest assured, I'll have some looooooooooong ones coming up soon. People have been giving me the best ideas: a post about my UK versus my US editing, an in-depth look at my plotting approach and what happens when your friends and family read a novel you wrote (spoiler alert: you'll be protesting, 'I just made it up!').
In the meantime, if you need a good writing post, check out Alana Kirk's one on writing like a [BLEEP]. You're going to have a new motivational Post-It stuck on your computer, trust me, but also trust me: it'll be NSFW.
The reason I've popped in today to pop out this post is that *waves* U.S.A.-based book bloggers, reviewers and Goodreads users: Distress Signals is now available to request on NetGalley! You can request an ARC here. You won't forget Distress Signals' American publication date, because it's November 8th – yes, the day of the U.S. presidential election.
I've also seen something INCREDIBLY EXCITING that my American publishers, Blackstone, have made to go out with the proof copies (or ARCs, since we're talking about operations across the pond) and as soon as I have one of those here in Dublin, I'll be holding a giveaway that's – finally! – open to all my lovely American readers.
In the meantime, for the rest of you, Distress Signals is still just sofa change on Amazon.co.uk. This picture was taken in Villefranche-sur-Mer, where I was the week before the last, and where my fictional cruise ship, the Celebrate, stops. (You can even see a cruise ship in the background.) I also left a copy of the book in the village's free library with a special note inside…
I've also managed to – gasp! – read a handful of books for pleasure. Check out my Instagram account for some quick little reviews of them.
If you've any requests for blog posts I might write on here, let me know in the comments below.
Normal service shall resume soon. Until then…


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To synergize CL Group Employee Engagement, a Photography Competition open to all CL Group Staff was launched in December 2016 around the theme: "Light and Shadows". The event received enthusiastic participation and revealed the artistic talents of staff. The first three winners were honored during the Bank's annual ceremony with valuable prizes.
1st prize: Charbel Noujaim- Teller- Badaro Branch
I took this picture mainly due to my passion for landscape photography and because I saw in the dense white snow on the top of Sannine a chance to intensify the reflection created by the sunlight and give it more contrast and simulates the theme of the competition "lights and shadows".
2nd prize: Alaa Ismael - CRA- Nabatieh Branch
"As a part of this world, as a human being, with feeling and emotions, we certainly passed through hard situations and mistakes , but at the end we should see the bright side of our life, work hard and fight to reach our goals".
3rd prize: Paul Ajaltouni- Branch Manager- Amchit
Touch of light


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The Finishing Department has made progress!
One of our goals is to move towards a single piece flow method of manufacturing to take quality to the next level. With our larger facility we have been able to get closer to that goal. We recently added a new bigger and beefier band saw and an additional base grinder to the process. These additions will make finishing faster with better quality.
By having more than one grinder, the operator does not have to change the belts as often. Each base grinder has a different grit belt so that the snowboard can go from one machine to the next in fewer steps. The worker doing the finishing can take a freshly pressed board, cut it out, tap the inserts, edge grind, 80 grit base grind and 100 grit base grind without ever setting the board down. All that's left is a 120 grit, 180 grit, and wax! The next step is a 3rd grinder.
There are lots of stages in the finishing process, great care is taken when finishing out a snowboard. Proper grinding and finishing is essential to the ride and overall quality of the snowboard.
As you can see in just a few short months we have made big progress in the factory. We still have a long way to go, but we are excited about the direction it's taking. Our productivity and quality is the best it's ever been! Thanks to an excellent crew who, on a daily basis come in and get it done.


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Blue Chips Climb 81 Points
Blue-chip stocks rose, capping their third consecutive weekly advance on a bullish note, after November job growth topped forecasts.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 81.09 points, or 0.6%, to 13155.13, closing near its high for the session.
The Standard & Poor's 500-stock index rose 4.13 points, or 0.3%, to 1418.07. Materials shares led the gains, with nine of the index's 10 sectors advancing. The technology group...


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Parfitt and Morris confirm Team Parker Bentley GT3 entry
Rick Parfitt and Seb Morris will continue to compete in British GT with Team Parker Racing this season after confirming their unchanged line-up four weeks before the start of the 2017 campaign.
The pair's Bentley Continental GT3, nicknamed 'Geoff' in reference to last season's main backer, proved a fan favourite in 2016. It returns with an all-new backer - Ast Transport Branding - and livery, to be unveiled in central London on Friday night, as part of Team Parker's expanded two-car entry that also features Ian Loggie and Callum Macleod.
Both drivers were amongst the fastest GT3 Pros and Ams last season en route to third in the final standings, while a race victory at Oulton Park, another five podium finishes and four pole positions also helped newly-appointed BRDC Superstar Morris win the Sunoco Whelen Challenge.
And with a year of experience behind him, the 21-year-old Welshman has the GT3 title firmly in his sights.
"I'm extremely excited to mount a full title assault on the British GT Championship with this amazing team of people once again and, of course, the best manufacturer on the grid – Bentley," he said. "I'm also honoured to have the amazing support of Eddie Stobart,as we move around the championship challenge venues.
"I believe with the changes we have made over the winter with the help of M-Sport and Bentley,plus the driver pairing, we really will have the whole package this year. It's a dream come true to be able to do this again with a year of experience behind us. I can't wait to get going, most importantly we are here to win the championship – that's the goal.
Parfitt echoed his co-driver's sentiment.
"I'm hugely excited to be back in British GT with the Team Parker Racing Bentley and with Seb as my team-mate. We proved we were a great pairing last year, and only narrowly missed out on the title in our debut year. We now know the car and team much better and I'm really looking forward to mounting a serious title assault. The 'Dream Team' is back!"
Parfitt and Morris' announcement means that last year's top four driver crews return to British GT unchanged and racing for the same respective outfits, a detail not lost on Team Parker boss Stuart Parker.
"Having Seb and Rick back in the car for the 2017 season is fantastic news for all at Team Parker. The whole team is motivated to get better than in 2016, having continuity is paramount in what is going to be the hardest fought British GT Championship for years. The relationship with M-Sport and Bentley has blossomed and we look forward to representing them again this year."
The #31 Bentley's new livery will be unveiled at Morton's private members club - a haunt of the original Bentley Boys - in Mayfair this Friday before the car and drivers hit the track during British GT's media day at Snetterton on March 28.
It's then on to Oulton Park, which hosts the opening round of this season's British GT Championship on April 15 & 17.


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Once again, leave it to Stephen Colbert of Comedy Central's The Colbert Report to come up with another hilarious spoof! On last nights episode, this time Colbert takes to task First Lady, Michelle Obama for her ability to get the screener copy of the entire third season of the hit British soap, Downton Abbey before the rest of America gets to see the premiere on January 6th!
So, as a sort of comedic retribution, Colbert says he contacted Breaking Bad's creator, Vince Gilligan to get his approval to allow cast members of Downton Abbey to perform scenes from the upcoming season of Breaking Bad!
Now after the jump, watch as "Downton's" Huge Bonneville, Jim Carter, Robert James Collier make meth in the spoof … "Breaking Abbey"! And, keep watching for former All My Children alum, Mark Consuelos to pop up in "Breaking Abbey", too! Let us know what you think of this satirical look at Breaking Bad crossed with Downton Abbey!


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Yesterday, Discover Financial Services (DFS) joined hands with global card payment acquirer WordPay in the U.S. The deal will provide the latter's customers with PayPal In-Store Checkout at the brick-and-mortar locations of participating merchants. The customers of WorldPay will be able to accept Discover's Paypal at the point of sale by 2013 spring.
The deal entails WorldPay to utilize PayPal's card service and provide an opportunity to the former to become one of the leading U.S. businesses in terms of enabling customers with the new PayPal mag-striped card. The card enhances the speed, safety and ease of transactions processed through the already existing digital modes of payment accessed by more than 50 million PayPal customers.
WorldPay expects the partnership with Discover to boost its clientele base as more business owners will now accept the new card service that offers smooth and secure transactions. In anticipation of more customers and their loyalty towards the company, WorldPay expects far higher sales level.
Discover Financial and WordPay have worked together for a long time now and appear satisfied with this fruitful association. Discover is expected to expand its customer base through this partnership.
Discover engages in a number of partnerships and acquisitions to strengthen and expand its operations. Earlier this month, Discover Financial also allied with Birmingham-based Cadence Bank to launch the new Cadence Bank Debit Card. Through this alliance, Discover Debit will provide network support to the Cadence debit card holders in the second quarter of the year.
Recently, Worldpay partnered with epay, a division of Euronet Worldwide, Inc. (EEFT) to provide an opportunity to retailers. They can now utilize epay's new terminal with Streamline Technology for payments made through credit and debit cards.
Discover Financial currently carries a Zacks Rank #3 (Hold). American Express shares the same Zacks rank.
Read the Full Research Report on DFS
Read the Full Research Report on EEFT
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text: {DIY} Angel Pork Bone Soup/Kam Ja Tang angel pork November 16, 2008 {Handmade pork bone soup aka. kam ja tang with felt} I handmade this pork bone soup for my good friend's birthday with a handmade plush character, Angel Pork. Pork bone soup is our favourite dish of all time. We used to eat it together every time she was still in Canada. However, she moved back to Hong Kong for good and has been missing this dish ever since. So I thought it would be a good idea to make her this Angel Pork Bone soup. It consists of Angel Pork, bones, "soup" base (actually its just the chinese word, "soup"), herbs, chopsticks and a bowl of rice... Continue ReadingShare |


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Welcome to Pinchot!
Pinchot is for intellectually curious students who are seeking a transformative experience. Today, you are joining a rich community of leaders who will challenge and support you as you complete a rigorous and real world graduate program that will equip you to continue working for the common good. Welcome.
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Phone · 206-855-9559
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Office · 206.855.1215
Lauren Brohawn


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NORTH NEWTON, KAN. -- Bethel College Bible and religion professor Duane K. Friesen is the first recipient of the Edmund G. Kaufman Distinguished Chair in Religion. John Sheriff, vice president for academic affairs, announced the inauguration of the Chair and presented Friesen with a commemorative chair at the college's faculty meeting May 11. Endowed by gifts from the late Bethel College president, the Distinguished Chair will be used to fund the salary of a professor in the Bible and religion department. The Kaufman gift completes the funding for the sixth endowed chair or department at Bethel College.
Kaufman, a churchman and educator, was Bethel College president from 1932 to 1952. Through annuities and other investments as well as gifts of houses and farmland, Kaufman created this endowment and supported the college in numerous ways. Also contributing to the gifting were his wives, Hazel (Dester), Anna (Miller Baumgartner) and Edna (Ramseyer). After he died in 1980 at the age of 88, memorial gifts added to the fund.
"Dr. Kaufman had a strong vision for the church and for Bethel College," said Bethel College President E. LaVerne Epp. "He is remembered as a gifted teacher of religion, one who challenged students to think and develop their faith statements. Awarding this Chair in his name is a fitting tribute to his memory."
Friesen's selection as the recipient of the Edmund G. Kaufman Distinguished Chair honors his scholarly achievements and leadership.
"Duane Friesen was chosen to be the first recipient of this distinguished Chair because he is clearly a person who has established himself as a scholar," Sheriff said. "His scholarship has contributed greatly to his teaching and has had a profound influence upon Bethel College."
In 1962 Friesen received a bachelor's degree in English and philosophy from Bethel College. He holds a bachelor of divinity degree from Mennonite Biblical Seminary in Elkhart, Ind., and a doctorate in Christian social ethics from Harvard Divinity School. He completed his dissertation on "The Relationship Between Ernst Troeltsch's Theory of Religion and his Typology of Religious Association."
Friesen has taught at Bethel College since 1970. He joined the faculty as an instructor of Bible and religion and also served as co-director of the Bethel Experimental Learning Laboratory (BELL). In 1980 he was granted full professorship. Friesen chaired the Bible and religion department from 1978 until 2003. He was coordinator of the senior-level course Basic Issues of Faith and Life until this year and has served the academic community in numerous ways.
"Duane has also been active beyond campus as a speaker, researcher, writer and contributor in various regional, national and international associations. His last book is probably his greatest contribution to date," Sheriff said.
Friesen authored the book "Artists, Citizens, Philosophers: Seeking the Peace of the City" (Herald Press, 2000) in which he describes an Anabaptist theology of culture. He also wrote "Christian Peacemaking and International Conflict: A Realist Pacifist Perspective" (Herald Press, 1986) as well as book chapters, articles, reviews, pamphlets and papers.
He has participated in the conversations of the Historic Peace Churches and the dialogue with the World Council of Churches' Decade to Overcome Violence program. The group statement, drafted in 2001, drew from Friesen's paper, which was included in a book, "Seeking Cultures of Peace: A Peace Church Conversation" (Herald Press and WCC, 2004).
Friesen participated in a five-year project with 23 scholars who developed and wrote 10 principles and practices of just peacemaking, published in the book "Just Peacemaking: Ten Practices for Abolishing War" (Pilgrim Press, 2004, 2nd ed.).
Friesen is currently a member of a research team, sponsored by the Mennonite Central Committee Peace Committee, to create a book-length policy on "New Challenges to Mennonite Peace Theology and the Practice of Peacemaking." He serves on the Peace Committee for Mennonite Central Committee; he is on the board and member of the core faculty of the Great Plains Seminary Education Program and on the Peace and Justice Commission of Bethel College Mennonite Church, North Newton.
One of the greatest challenges of our time is whether we have both the will and insight to develop worldviews that will foster a just economic system that is at the same time compatible with a healthy ecosystem. Another great challenge is how we will engage religious diversity. It would be a mistake to think we need to water down our convictions or find some vague homogenization out of the diversity of faiths. I am convinced in the truth of the paradox that a deep and authentic commitment to Jesus Christ is simultaneously a solid basis for dialogue, for being open to listening and learning from others.
--Duane K. Friesen, after being named the first recipient of the Edmund G. Kaufman Distinguished Chair in Religion at Bethel College


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Sounders FC is the third seed in the Western Conference and will face the second-seeded Houston Dynamo in the first round of the MLS playoffs, starting Thursday night at Qwest Field at 7 p.m. It's an aggregate goal format, with each team hosting a game.
Houston beat Chivas USA 3-2 on Sunday to finish the seeding.
The second match will be at Houston Sunday, Nov. 8. The time is yet to be determined.
The Sounders will be opening the loge section of Qwest, which is the lower portion of the upper deck, to add 3,000 seats for the playoff match. The Hawks Nest will not be open. As of Saturday night, scattered single tickets were still on sale in the lower section of Qwest Field. The loge seats are available now. You can go here for tickets.
Coach Sigi Schmid talked with reporters Sunday afternoon, giving his thoughts on the matchup with Houston.
(Opening statement) It allows us to begin our preparation. Houston is a quality team that has been there year after year for the last three or four years. Eventually if you want to win a championship you've got to beat whoever is thrown in front of you.
(On the physical games with Houston) They're a veteran team. They're competitive, they battle and they fight. They've been through a lot of of big games as a unit and they don't give things up easily. They're a strong team, have some good size. They are going to play the game to its full extent, in a physical manner. We have to prepare to battle up to those challenges, which I think we are. In the playoffs, as a rule, the game gets a little more physical, not dirty, a little more physical.
(How you approach aggregate score) To me it's like a big long game, except you're playing the first half in Seattle, the second half of the game in Houston. That's a little bit of the way that I look at it. You can't really breakdown the games individually as you much as you have to breakdown the games as a part of the unit. As a result of it being a long game, if you get behind in the first game, you have to keep plugging away and understand you still have another entire second half to go in the other city. If you jump up ahead, you don't want to rest on your laurels either.
(Short turnaround for you guys, will you train differently?) Our routine is going to be pretty similar. It's a game, the result obviously means a lot more, it's do or die time. In terms of preparation, the way we go about our business and do our work, try to keep all of that as similar as we've done all season. We've found the way we prepared all year we've had success, doing it that way and there's no need to change things all of a sudden.
(You guys have had success against Houston, does that carry over into the playoffs?) Each game is a mutually exclusive event. The only time past games carry into it, is if something similar happens. If we jump onto a lead or scored late maybe it becomes a little bit of deja vu. But they're mutually exclusive events, the Open Cup, different players were on the field than were on the field in the MLS games, different time point of the year. Time has past, they've had a change in personnel a little bit, we've had a change in our starting personnel a little bit, it becomes a new event in my mind.
(What are you interested in learning about your team getting to the first playoff game here?) What's really helpful to us is having done what we did in the U.S. Open Cup. Even though that's not the MLS playoffs, that's still a knockout competition. Having had that success to build upon, we've had certain situations now we realize we've been in do or die, knockout games and we've been able to come out on top and that's a big thing to build upon. We've also had a couple road games, especially after we lost in New England, we played in Columbus where it was like, 'Hey, we've got to get these points back.' We were able to respond to that. We have to rely on those experiences that we've had for ourselves this year. The long run we had in the Open Cup is really going to benefit us to a certain extent. That was a playoff-like competition, so I think that is going to come to help us.
(What do you tell these guys going into the team's first playoff game? What are your concerns?) My concerns are when you're at home first you want to get a good result. Sometimes teams put too much pressure on themselves being at home in the first game and try to push the envelope too quickly and all of a sudden expose themselves and put themselves into a bad situation. It's important that we approach the game in orderly fashion, that we don't approach the game in an exuberant fashion. Since away goals don't matter anything, it's just an aggregate competition, it's like I said earlier. It's approaching it like it's one big, long game. Try to make sure they understand that. I really think our guys have gone through some battles and they're going to be prepared. Our veteran players like Keller and Ljungberg, and some of the others like Marshall and Vagenas, have been through it. They'll be able to share some of their experiences and keep the guys relaxed going into the first playoff game.
(Considering Houston played today on the road, have to go home then come to Seattle, does the timing work in your favor?) It's not disadvantageous for us because they do have to travel back, then travel out here. That cuts into their time a little bit. It's that time of the year where it's the playoffs, trying to think of a nice way to put it, it's a time of the year where players basically suck it up and move on. If you have to fly back and train on the same day, it's like, OK, let's get it done because we're in the playoffs. If you have to get up early to fly, hey, take care of it because it's the playoffs. Don't worry about it. I think players sort of have that attitude this time of year. We can deal with anything because you know right now it's the important part of it, and how you deal with things psychologically can carry you through a lot of physical aspects.
Here's a look back at the Sounders 2-0-1 record against Houston this season:
July 11, Sounders 2, Dynamo 1
Fredy Montero and Patrick Ianni scored on the home turf. It was Ianni's half-bicycle kick that was the game-winner. Assistant coach Brian Schmetzer was the head man that day, Sigi Schmid out of town for his son's wedding.
Ianni's bicycle? Schmetzer was quite surprised. "If you were to tell me before the game that we would've won the game on a bicycle kick and had me pick one of our guys that was actually going to score the bicycle kick, Pat would have been number nine."
July 21, Sounders 2, Dynamo 1, OT
The clubs played again just 10 days later in the semifinals of the U.S. Open Cup. This was arguably the most contentious match of the season. On a steaming day at Starfire Sports Complex, an overflow crowd booed and chastised Houston for stalling tactics. Sounders forward Nate Jaqua spent most of the match with his head bandaged after a wayward elbow split him open.
After the match, Houston coach Dominic Kinnear lamented the playing surface and Jaqua's style of play, saying the physical forward should have been ejected long before he tied the match in the 89th minute. Stephen King scored in the 95th minute, sending the Sounders to Washington, where they would win the U.S. Open Cup.
Aug. 23, Sounders 1, Dynamo 1
Jaqua again proved to be a nemesis for his former club, scoring in the 70th minute to equalize. Roger Levesque made his first MLS start. The Sounders came away from the match feeling good about themselves, have rallied on the road to tie the conference leaders.
"Sometimes you have games that become defining moments, and this game was something that was really important to our character," Schmid said.


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ARTICLE CONTENTS[Pages 221-262]
I. Offshore Wind Power: A Resource Waiting To Happen
A. A Maturing Energy Option
B. The Attraction of Offshore Wind Energy
C. The International Experience
D. Near-Shore Wind Generation: The Coastal Issues
II. Coastal Management: A Regulatory Collage
A. The Fault Line of Coastal Policy
B. The CZMA: A Harbinger of Devolution
1. The General Approach
2. The Planning Process
3. Program Structure
a. Basic Design
b. Spillover Effects
c. Massachusetts: A Case in Point
C. (In)Consistency
D. The Deceptive Authority of the Oil and Gas Meta-Narrative
III. Coastal Zone Management: the Line and the Sand
A. The Fickle Foundations of Federalism
B. Observations & Recommendations
1. Feasible Recommendations
2. Less Promising Recommendations
3. Other Questions
Appendix A


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Notes on "Back In The USSR"
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This article is from Alan W. Pollack's groundbreaking series "Notes on the Beatles". Links in the orginal article is written in this colour: index to the series, while links I have added appears as standard links. Go here for more information on my site about the song
Notes on "Back In The USSR"
KEY A Major METER 4/4 FORM Intro -> Verse -> Refrain Verse -> Refrain -> Bridge -> Verse (Guitar solo) -> Refrain -> Bridge -> Verse -> Refrain -> Outro
General Points of Interest
Style and Form
Coming on the heels of what the Beatles had been putting out for the two years previous (i.e. Revolver through Magical Mystery Tour albums plus all the contemporaneous singles), this track has the fresh impact of a palate-cleansing, eye-catching, and ear-opening album opener, if ever there was one: bute, rhythmically tricky, full of not-so-vague tribute-cum-parodistic references, and still, not least of all:
Right-on, Hard-edged Rock-n-Roll Music, just the same; thank you.
You'd have to have been born on another planet, or at least in a different century, to miss the several Beach Boys references. I dare say the Ray Charles' "Georgia On My Mind" reference is a tad more subtle (note Paul's Quarrymen cover of "Halleleujah I Love Her So"). But you need be a real Oldies maven to catch the ultimate allusion here, to Chuck Berry's "Back in the USA;" see our .sig file du jour's quotatation for confirmation; and don't tell me that Paul didn't know about this.
And if you admit the flat-III chord into the otherwise insular Blues family of I-IV-V, you've got to admit how much this particular song goes to reinforce (speaking of the Q-men) the Beatles' long-term, essential longing to be a (Rhythm'n) Blues group in spite of whatever novel fusion of disparate musical elements brought them their epochal success and notoriety.
Phrasing-wise, this song is intruigingly neither 12-bar nor four- square in its stucture.
Melody and Harmony
The tune is very bluesy, with the heavy emphasis on the flattened melodic 3rd making for a frequent dissonant cross relation with the underlying A Major chord structure.
By the same token, the melodic 7th is entirely avoided in the tune, though it IS given some prominence to the saw-tooth-patterned guitar riff which recurs throughout the song:
The harmonic budget consists primarily of the blues triumverate of I-IV-V, though flat-III plays a conspicuous supporting role, and there's even a brief cameo for V-of-V.
We've seen flat-III used by the Beatles a long time ago, way back in "Please Please Me," where it appears as part of a fast moving chord stream on its way to the V chord. In this song, flat-III appears in contexts where the harmonic rhythm is much slower, so that you get a chance to see it play two kinds of character roles:
In the verse, it sits between two vacillating appearances of the IV chord, connoting a gesture of approach-avoidance.
In the refrain, it is used as a kind of sub-sub-dominant chord which, goose-like (read: fondling, not fowl species), sneaks up on IV from behind.
The bassline recurrently incorporates chromatic scale fills as a leitmotif.
The finished version is a thick patchwork of many elements and overdubs; piano, guitars, multiple drum tracks, hand clapping, and, of course, the ubiquitous jet plane. And, while perhaps more freely thrown together than the typical Beatles track, you still find some underlying choreography:
Intro features jet plane, drums and guitars
Verse 1, add pounding piano in relentness eighthnote chords
Refrain 1, add hand claps and guitar hook
Verse 2 and Refrain 2 repeat their pattern
Bridge 1 is a "tutti;" and adds the backing vocals
Guitar solo verse has studio chat in the background
The final Verse/Refrain pair feature the handclapping mixed more foreward. The final Verse also has that sustained high note in the guitar.
The outro uses just the guitar hook, studio chat, and jet plane to cross-fade into the next track.
In the vocal department, Paul's lead is single tracked for the verses and (automatically?) doubled for the refrains and bridges. The backing vocals appear in the bridges as both a doubling of the chromatic bassline and to provide a falsetto counterpoint to the lead.
Section-by-Section Walkthrough
The track leads in with a few seconds of jet plane noise and a stray lead guitar lick. We then have four measures of pounding on the V chord with increasing insistence that it be resolved. Contrast this to the laid-back Esher demo of this song whose first four measures are on the I chord with an oscillating 5-6-5 in the upper voice! - The first two measures have a syncopated whack on the fourth beat. *Not* repeating this in the final two measures is a nice example of foolish consistency avoided. - And that vocal exclamation at the very end of the section: yes, it's Paul, but it obviously exists on a different layer of the mix than does lead vocal which kicks off in the next measure.
The verse is a four-square eight measures long with two identical phrases, the second of which always leads into a refrain:
------------------------------ 2X ------------------------------- |A |D |C |D | A: I IV flat III IV
The refain is an unnusual six measures long, built out of three short phrases; the last of which appears in two variants depending on whether the following section is a verse of bridge:
|A |C | I flat-III |D |- | IV #ifdef VERSE_TO_FO"Long, Long, Long"OW 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & |A |- D D#E - | I IV V #endif /* VERSE_TO_FOLLOW #ifdef REFRAIN_TO_FOLLOW bass |A |A B C C# | chords: |A |- | I (V-of-IV) #endif /* REFRAIN_TO_FOLLOW
The harmonic rhythm of the final measure is heavily syncopated in all cases with the bassline sliding from D up to E via D#.
The second phrase of Refrain #2 is curiously extended by an unusual measure and a half, creating an effect not unlike a "broken record."
The break is metrically the most elastic section; four phrases in an ABAC poetry pattern, with the last one followed by a two measure extension in all cases:
|D |- | IV bass |A B C C# | |A |- | I bass |D C# |C-nat. B | |D | | IV (V-of-V) |E |D | V IV 1 & 2 & 3 4 |A |- D D#E - | I IV V
To the extent that both bridges are followed by a verse, it makes perfect sense that the last measure of this section be very similar to the last measure of the VERSE_TO_FOLLOW refrain.
The outro settles for a whooping, four-fold repeat of the guitar hook over an unchanging I chord. The actual ending is both abrupt and ricocheting. The latter effect bears comparison with the ending of "Birthday;" also in the key of A, and also the lead-off track on its respective disk.
Some Final Thoughts
The White Album provides a perspective from which to consider how the Beatles opened their albums over the course of time. For the first 6 albums, it might be on a downbeat or it might be coming off an anacrustic pickup, but in ALL cases, the scratchy silence of the run-in groove is broken with a clearcut, sometimes startling sound:
Album Song Opening ------------------ --------------- --------------- Please Please Me I Saw Her Stan.. count-in pickup With the Beatles It Won't Be Lo.. sung pickup _Krinkst Die Nacht_ A Hard Day's N.. downbeat Beatles For Sale No Reply sung pickup _Ouch!_ Help! downbeat Rubber Soul Baby You Can D.. downbeat
Then, in 3 out of the next four albums you find, while the music itself still has a clearcut beginning, the recorded track leads in with an indeterminate, chaotic background as a foil against which the music emerges:
Revolver Taxman studio noise, wrong count-in _Sgt Pepper's .. Sgt Pepper's .. audience noise _Magical Mystery .. Magical Mystery.. downbeat _The Beatles_ Back in the U"Sexy Sadie".. jet plane noise, ad-lib guitar
Yet, 'in the end,' you find them, again, opting for the clearcut opener:
_Yellow Submarine_ Yellow Submarine sung pickup Abbey Road Come Together downbeat Let It Be Two of Us downbeat
Of course, if you want to be a wiseguy about it, you can argue that the final entry on the list should not be LIB, but rather the following, in which case, the last vote falls into the emergence-from-chaos side of the ledger:
_Get Back_ One After 909 rooftop noise, piano glissando
But, even so, I think it's clearcut and startling aesthetic that predominates, overall. The mid-cycle run of fade-in examples are, if anything, to be interpreted as an experimental, tongue-in-cheek challenge to the norm.
Regards, Alan (email@example.com) --- "...We just touched ground on an international runway, Jet propelled back home from overseas to the USA." 052797#130 ---
Copyright (c) 1997 by Alan W. Pollack
All Rights Reserved
This article may be reproduced, retransmitted, redistributed and otherwise propagated at will, provided that this notice remains intact and in place.
These articles were originally posted in the News Group rec.music.beatles. The content from this newsgroup is archived at http://www.recmusicbeatles.com/, and Alan W. Pollacks "Notes On" series can be found at http://www.recmusicbeatles.com/public/files/awp/awp.html. I used to link to the versions published in Soundscapes before I decided to include them on my own site.
If you want to learn more about the musical side of song writing, chord progressions, harmony and theory through The Beatles songs (and/or The Beatles in particular), I recommend the following book:
Artist: Dominic Pedler
Arranged by The Beatles
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text:
about meMarch 23rd, 2010
I've written a little about page explaining what oneblacksock is and why I've started it. You should read it. Then you should email me.
I've also been thinking about this blog. Lots of companies have blogs and generally they're just treated as a 'new' way of getting product announcements out into the world. I don't want to blog like that for two reasons. Firstly, oneblacksock is all about providing a tailored solution for your specific problem so product announcements probably won't work. Secondly, I personally don't think that it's a good idea. I want this blog to reflect me; I'm the one you're going to be dealing with for most of the time so the more you know about me the more informed your decision to work with me will be. Or not work with me, either way, it's more likely to be the right choice.
So, I'm going to blog about the problems I'm facing (and overcoming), the new technologies I'm using and just generally put my opinion out there. I definitely believe this coding horror post sums up my view on blogging – I welcome comments, I welcome other opinions, I even welcome people who completely diagree with me; in fact, they may be right and I'll be a better person for listening to them.
So, for the whole of this blog, comment away! And oh yea, read my about page.


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AI chief to take over Google search engine
Google's Mountain View, Calif., headquarters(Photo: Justin Sullivan, Getty Images) SAN FRANCISCO — Google is putting its search engine in the hands of its artificial intelligence chief. John Giannandrea will take over from Amit Singhal who is leaving Google this month after 15 years. The move shows the ascendance and growing importance of artificial intelligence at the major Silicon Valley technology companies. Search is the engine that drives Google's lucrative advertising business. Artificial intelligence is increasingly behind advances in how Google answers search queries. "When I started, who would have imagined that in a short period of fifteen years, we would tap a button, ask Google anything and get the answer," Singhal said in a Google+ post. Under Giannandrea, Google which is owned by parent company Alphabet has used artificial intelligence to…
Link to Full Article: AI chief to take over Google search engine
AI chief to take over Google search engine


text:
Pirates creates overseas recordMay 23rd, 2011 - 10:15 pm ICT by Aishwarya Bhatt
Los Angeles, May 23 (THAINDIAN NEWS) The "Pirates of the Caribbean" franchise is proving to be hugely successful one. "Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides" has set a Box Office record for the highest grossing movie overseas when it raked in $256.3 million. The movie also opened strongly in North America in the first weekend.
Combined proceeds from the theaters in the United States and Canada reached $90.1 million. The opening week of the movie internationally has taken the Harry Potter movie "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince" from the top of the record charts. The Harry Potter movie which was released in 2009 grossed $236 million in the first week.
The movie's combined revenue for the first week is $346.4 million and that is staggering. Though Disney didn't expect such a strong performance from the international theaters, the movie was expected to do much better in the United States. Analysts predicted that the movie will pass the $100 million mark in the United States and Canada. With its opening revenue, "On Stranger Tides" has become the third highest first-week earner in the franchise's history.
Two other "Pirates" movies which were released in 2006 and 2007 grossed $135.6 million and $114.7 million respectively in their first week.
- 'Transformers: Dark of the Moon' grosses revenue of $1 billion - Aug 03, 2011
- 'Pirates of the Caribbean...' tops weekend box office - May 23, 2011
- 'Harry Potter & the Deathly Hallows - Part 2' shatters several box office records - Jul 18, 2011
- Harry Potter finale makes history with four opening records - Jul 18, 2011
- 'Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger tides' to release next year - Dec 15, 2010
- 'DAM 999' maker awaits Oscar nomination with bated breath - Jan 23, 2012
- Depp in 'Pirates of the Caribbean 5'? - Jul 07, 2011
- Indian film 'DAM 999' fails in Oscar journey - Jan 24, 2012
- 1 in 5 Hollywood films this year will be sequels - Feb 17, 2011
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows earn $330.1 million worldwide during first weekend - Nov 23, 2010
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows spreads its charm on the box office - Nov 22, 2010
- "Harry Potter And The Deathly Hallows: Part 1" Sets Box Office On Fire - Nov 20, 2010
- Preview trailer of 'Breaking Dawn' released - Sep 12, 2011
- "Harry Potter And The Deathly Hallows" Part 1 Hits The Bulls Eye At Box Office - Nov 22, 2010
- 'Harry Potter & the Deathly Hallows Part 1' grosses $657 million - Mar 11, 2011
Tags: 1 million, 100 million, 6 million, box office, canada, disney, franchise, half blood prince, harry potter, harry potter and the half blood, harry potter and the half blood prince, north america, pirates of the caribbean, potter and the half blood prince, proceeds, stranger tides, theaters, united states


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DRUMMER US Army
Co B 12 Michigan Infantry
Civil War Union
Died June 26, 1864
Section 2 Site 1682
Photo Provided By ArkansasTies.com
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Record #: 170842
On this site you can upload gravestone photos, locate ancestors and perform genealogy research. If you have a relative buried in Arkansas, we encourage you to upload a digital image using our Submit a Photo page. Contributing to this genealogy archive helps family historians and genealogy researchers locate their relatives and complete their family tree.
Submitted: 3/24/09 • Approved: 3/25/09 • Last Updated: 8/5/12 • R170842-G0-S3


text:
House fire kills man in Streetsboro
Investigators say the fire was sparked by smoking materials dropped by the man on a chair.
Investigators say the fire was sparked by smoking materials dropped by the man on a chair.
Investigators think speed and alcohol played a role in the crash.
Pittsburgh has won three of four.
LeBron James scored 33 points after sitting out a game and Tristan Thompson made two huge plays in the final minute.
The latest weather forecast for Youngstown, Warren, Austintown, Boardman, Sharon, Lisbon and East Liverpool.
Top-seeded Aquinas ended Springfield's season with a 70-59 win Monday night in the Division III District Semifinals at Salem.
Youngstown's Event Coordinator Michael McGiffin said his focus this year is on the quality of events, not the quantity.
McDonald is moving on to the Struthers District Finals after surviving a late Lowellville ralley Monday night.
U.S. Magistrate Judge James Orenstein ruled Monday.
Democratic Sen. Tom Carper of Delaware and Republican Sen. Ron Johnson of Wisconsin co-sponsored the measure.
Williams has been bothered by soreness in his knee for much of the season.
The Washington, D.C.-based Marijuana Policy Project plans to post and discuss its initiative Tuesday.
The victim, Brittany Szwedko, remains hospitalized at St. Elizabeth Hospital.
Fifty-four-year-old Steven Mann pleaded not guilty this week in a White River Junction court to a felony count of cultivating more than 25 m…
The impossibly attractive duo was praised for their style. Olivia Munn stunned in an orange Stella McCartney gown. Rodgers wore a blue Isaia…
Vendors include Avon, Tastefully Simple and Origami Owl, as well as local artisans specializing in arts, crafts and home goods.
Despite the damage, Bata told a room full of journalist and supporters that the crime has made the community stronger.
The tragedy sent schools scrambling for security upgrades, but even the locks and cameras at Sandy Hook couldn't keep the shooter out.
The now 60-year-old told a court-ordered psychiatrist that he ate his roommate's brain as part of a "mutual agreement" between the friends.
Former students shared memories of her dedication both in an outside the classroom and how she impacted their lives.
Abigail was outside a Kalamazoo-area restaurant when she was shot in the head on Feb. 20.
Swatara Township police said Samarin used a falsified Pennsylvania driver's license and Social Security number when he applied to the academ…
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text: On Mon, Nov 04, 2002 at 05:37:14PM -0700, Joel Baker wrote: > I don't see any *fundamental* reason why we couldn't, either. Try installing sarge right now. Cheers, aj -- Anthony Towns <firstname.lastname@example.com> <http://azure.humbug.org.au/~aj/> I don't speak for anyone save myself. GPG signed mail preferred. ``If you don't do it now, you'll be one year older when you do.''


text:
Germany are so confident of winning the European Women's Championship final that they have already arranged their victory celebrations. They have won the last four finals, and six of the past seven, and have never been beaten by England in 18 meetings between the nations, so it is not that much of a surprise.
Hannelore Ratzeburg, a German FA board member, said: "President Köhler will be coming to the game, and also the head of our Olympic committee Dr Thomas Bach. As well as family and friends there will be a representative from all of the Bundesliga clubs, and after the final we're going to have a big party. On Friday we will fly home and if we win there will be a reception in Frankfurt's town square."
But Hope Powell, whose England team have grown in confidence since winning the semi-final against Holland on Sunday, is aiming to spoil their evening. "The Germans have already planned their celebration, but that's a pressure on them. So maybe we can upset them – poop their party," she said. "What have we got to fear? They've got more to lose. We've got nothing to lose. If you want to look at the stats, we're not expected to win. But stats will mean absolutely nothing. It's all on the day, and it can be our day."
Germany's head coach Sylvia Neid was unwilling to appear as confident as her FA, however. "I've watched how England have developed," she said, "and I am not surprised that they have reached the final. I said before the tournament England were one of the candidates to win it.
"I know Hope Powell and how she works. She now has some outstanding players – Kelly Smith, Karen Carney – and the defence is good too. She [Powell] has done great work."
England's support will not be as high-profile as Germany's, though the sports minister Gerry Sutcliffe will be attending along with the FA chairman, Lord Triesman, and chief executive, Ian Watmore, the latter already proving himself a champion of the women's game three months after taking up the post.
Powell said: "Ian Watmore made a statement saying the new summer league is high on the agenda, so hopefully he'll be true to his word. And hopefully we can keep this roller coaster going and build on what we've achieved so far. We've done really well to get to the final, but irrespective of the outcome, this is just the beginning."
Smith, the player most feared by the Germans, is confident that the outcome will be a watershed England victory, on which would be their first in the final of a major tournament. "If we can win," the striker said, "I think the women's game in England will explode. Now is our best ever opportunity to do it. It's the biggest game in any of our careers. We're up for it and ready to go. We believe that we can pull this one off – and if we do it'll be history."
Powell is likely to recall the captain Faye White to the starting line-up after the England defender's protective face mask, constructed following the central defender's cheekbone fracture in the quarter-final against Finland, was approved by Uefa officials.
The Arsenal player trained with no problems on the eve of the game. "I've worn it for most of the day," she said, "and it feels fine. I really want to play in this game, it would be the biggest of my career, so hopefully I'll be selected."


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He is the son of Rita Replusa and Lord Zedd. He inherited his father's staff, most of his physical appearance and similar powers. He was also after the Corona Auroa, he was imprisoned by the Sentinel Knight in a space dumpster on the moon just like his mother. As the Knight grew weaker, he grew stronger and escaped from the dumpster. Thrax united the four villain groups the Operation Overdrive Rangers have faced to make a temporary alliance. With their help, he managed to severed the Ranger's link to the Universal Morphing Grid. Thrax was angry at his parents for becoming good and wanting to restore their evil legacy. When the Sentinel Knight restored the power of five veteran Rangers and made them a team, Thrax sought a mystical sword called Excelsior to destroy the knight. However, because of his evil nature, Thrax was unable to claim the sword. He left in a rampage and proved to be a strong fighter overcoming the Defender Vest. Thrax was finally destroyed by the fully restored Sentinel Knight who was powered by the Excelsior. The other villains retreated and broke their alliance to continue their rivalry. It is unknown when exactly Rita bore this son or how old he was.
A vulture-like monster created by Thrax. Supposedly, according to Thrax, he is invincible, or was thought to be. He is grown and sent to attack the Rangers in their Megazords only to be destroyed/sliced by Mack using Excelsior. This form was based on the Manticore Megazord of "Power Rangers Mystic Force."
"Once a Ranger, Part One"
|Vulturus : Gyro Powered
Later he was somehow found weakened but in one piece by the villains. Flurious managed to restore his strength and upgrade him with a Gyro into the more human-like. He was destroyed by the Mercury Ranger's Drive Detector. This form was based on the Titan Megazord from "Power Rangers Mystic Force."
"Once a Ranger, Part Two"