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Nestled in the heart of Henry County, Clinton's small-town charm gives way to big history. Clinton's historic downtown takes the shape of a large town square, centered around the Henry County Courthouse. Antique shops, restaurants and historic buildings line the streets with inviting vintage flare. Since 1836, Clinton has been preserving a little piece of history in its Victorian-inspired architecture. …Read More »
Here and There
Tips to Extend your Missouri Getaway
When it comes to a Missouri vacation, drivers have different needs. Some need to experience rolling hills and blacktops, while others prefer the convenience and accessibility of interstate highways. Despite those differences, there's one thing all drivers agree on: Saving money at the pump is awesome! So, our friends at the Missouri Division of Energy crafted a quick list of …Read More »
Fulton's Brick District Puts a Modern Twist on Vintage Charm
In downtown Fulton, paved roads give way to brick-lined streets, antique stores and boutiques – not big-box retailers – line the sidewalks, and friendly faces greet newcomers who are there to take it all in. This downtown area, rightfully named the Brick District, is a series of shops, restaurants and other small businesses that give Fulton a unique appeal. For …Read More »
By Air, Train, Car and Foot: Independence is Truman and More
My addiction to travel began at an early age when a family vacation led us to Independence. By car, of course. Nowadays, it is an easy place to travel alone(my personal favorite) or bring the family. Now that I live in the Show-Me State, the attraction to historic sites of my Missouri roots are all the more accessible. Only 15 …Read More »
Travel Writer Explores Missouri
Written by Janet Steinberg, this excerpt about traveling in St. Louis is from the first of her three-part series, "Missouri: The 'Show-Me State' Has Shown Me," written for The Travel Authority Travel Blog. Links to the second and third parts of her series, focusing on Lake of the Ozarks and Jefferson City, also are below. I've strolled, sailed, or driven, beneath …Read More »
Summer in KC: What's Not to Love?
Whew! So glad winter is finally over and summer is right around the corner. Even though summer officially starts June 21, most associate the start of summer at the end of May with Memorial Day! No matter which you choose Kansas City has fun covered this season. Here are 7 reasons families will love spending time this summer in KC. 1. …Read More »
History Comes to Life in Kirksville at the Red, White and Blue Festival
Would you like to meet Jesse Kirk, the man Kirksville is named after or perhaps Nancy Sloan Miller, the first pioneer woman born in Adair County? Maybe you want to meet Corporal Harvey Dix, a young Union soldier killed in Kirksville during the Civil War or Private John Kent, a Confederate Soldier captured and killed in the Civil War Battle …Read More »
Gone Girl Trailer
Before he's ready to fight crime as the caped crusader, Ben Affleck stars as a loving husband in the upcoming thriller, Gone Girl, based on the eponymous novel by Gillian Flynn. Filmed here in Missouri and directed by David Fincher (Fight Club, The Social Network), the film revolves around Nick Dunne (Affleck) and the mystery of the disappearance of his …Read More »
Five Ways to Commemorate Earth Day in Missouri
Looking for ways to celebrate Earth Day 2014 in Missouri? You're in luck. Several communities and organizations around the Show-Me State celebrate Earth Day (Tuesday, April 22, 2014) by hosting activities during the week. Here's a quick look at five ways you can commemorate Earth Day 2014 in Missouri: Take your used electronics to Kansas City's Sprint Center for a …Read More »
Unexpected Finds in Clinton
On a recent business trip regarding some economic development in Missouri communities, I had the opportunity to spend a day in Clinton. I knew the day would be interesting, but did not fully realize the number of activities Clinton offered for a getaway. Whether for a couple's weekend, family trip or catching up with friends, Clinton is a gem you …Read More »


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New York There was only one place for a New York Beatles fan to be on Friday Strawberry Fields in Central Park.
The outdoor memorial created by John Lennon's widow Yoko Ono after his violent death in 1980 became a scene of peaceful remembrance as news spread that fellow band member George Harrison had died the day before.
Fans placed bouquets of sunflowers, green apples, Hindu inscriptions and even a battered old guitar on the circular tile mosaic that bears the inscription "Imagine," one of Lennon's most powerful and best-loved songs.
The green apples signified the Beatles' record label, but the sunflowers, Eastern script and other talismans were all in honor of the "quiet" guitar- and sitar-playing Harrison.
"Norwegian Wood" and other songs he put his stamp on wafted through the leafy sycamores and maples at an impromptu park-bench jam session of guitarists, with scores of tourists and residents singing along.
"When my wife told me the news this morning I burst into tears," said Adam Perle, 52, one of those playing. "I was 11 when I first heard (the Beatles), and they changed my life."
Jan Baker, 57, of Hampshire, England, headed to Strawberry Fields because she was in New York for a vacation. "There's only two of them left now," she said "When you're almost 58 yourself, like he was, it comes home to you. But they loved life, they all had a very good time."
Baker recalled how she raced to buy "Love Me Do" and every other album and song the Beatles produced. She said as a teen, she adored them because everything about them was wonderfully different, from their haircuts to their tunes.
"No one has really written as good a dance song since," she said.
Her daughter Sharon, 28, who flew in from San Diego where she works at the University of California campus there, shrugged her shoulders and agreed.
"I didn't think it was cool when I was a kid and she played their music all the time, but when I reached my '20s and started listening, I realized I love the music."
Harrison was remembered by many as the spiritual one who took his fellow Beatles to see a renowned Indian yogi, and who explored mysticism deeply.
"Oh, I loved his philosophy, of life and of our journey through life to death," said Felicia Telsey, 46, a resident of the Upper West Side neighborhood. "I was listening to 'All Things Must Pass' this morning. That's his motto really."
Telsey said when she was 9, Paul McCartney and Harrison were her favorite Beatles, "but when I got older and went to college, it was just George."
Strawberry Fields is the site of a vigil every Dec. 8 commemorating Lennon's murder at the nearby peaked-roof Dakota apartment building where Ono still lives. The name was taken from a Lennon song "Strawberry Fields Forever" about a Salvation Army orphanage near his childhood home.
Tamara Ikenberg, 26, of New York, said she thought of Lennon's death when she logged on to her computer Friday morning, and there was an e-mail from her mother breaking the sad news of Harrison's death. Her mother had taken her to a Lennon memorial after he died, when she was 5; so she messaged her mother back that she'd bring a bouquet of sunflowers to Strawberry Fields to commemorate Harrison's hit "Here Comes the Sun."
She had to settle for bright yellow mums, but noted it was a gray, misty day in New York anyway. Looking around at the swaying, singing crowd, she said, "I think George would have liked this. It's very peaceful and very appropriate."
Copyright 2018 The Lawrence Journal-World. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. We strive to uphold our values for every story published.

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One of the great names in country music who died more than 50 years ago, is coming alive on Rainbow Stage.
Patsy Cline died in a plane crash in 1963. Her music comes to life at Rainbow Stage on June 5 in a show called A Closer Walk with Patsy Cline.
Soprano Natasha O'Brien first played the starring role in the show two years ago at Thunder Bay's Magnus Theatre. Cline's vocal style is so unique and so recognizable that O'Brien had to go through a rigorous and meticulous process with Magnus Theatre's music director Danny Johnson to learn the role.
They used no sheet music (Patsy Cline could not read music) and instead, donned headphones and listened through Cline's recordings, line by line, over and over again, noting every nuance, growl, glottal stop and idiosyncrasy until it was absorbed.
"The result was, I had an idea of her style exactly pertaining to that song," said O'Brien. "It was also a terrific device for memorization because by the end of that process I was completely ready for the show."
O'Brien admits it was very challenging to master the vocal techniques in such an accurate way. "You want to be able to be as authentic and genuine as possible without turning into a parody. It's really about understanding the musicality of the artist and understanding the emotional connection that she was able to have with every song. And through that comes a more genuine interpretation of her vocal styling."
Having an acting background really helped O'Brien achieve the emotional intensity that characterized Cline's singing.
"Patsy steps into each little individual storytelling role of her songs in a very similar way that I think an actor steps into an emotional interpretation of a character. So you just have to listen to the words and really listen to the music and interpret that for yourself. Some of the songs, the poetry, the lyricism, are heartbreaking," she said.
The actual show is a portrait of Patsy Cline the performer. There is very little dialogue on stage, with a DJ advancing the storyline.
"I think what that does is it allows the audience to have their own personal interpretation of who they feel Patsy was, because she was such an emotionally generous person as a performer, it is Patsy up there, you do know who that woman is and was," she said.
Cline died tragically in a plane crash at the age of 30, when she was at the top of her game, which certainly added to her fame and mystique. She is the #1 Jukebox play in the world and her Greatest Hits album sold more than nine million copies. But O'Brien feels that her star would have continued to rise, had she lived longer.
"I do believe that her music was sophisticated and brilliant and timeless enough that had she continued to live, she would have still become as huge a star as she is today."
A Closer Walk with Patsy Cline runs at Rainbow Stage June 5 - 15. Rainbow Stage is celebrating its 60th anniversary this season.


text: THIS IS NO JOKE! PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE SIGN THIS OFFICIAL GOVERNMENT PETITION! ON THE 23RDJAN ( NOT LONG TO GO ) THE NIGHTCLUBS AND BARS IN THE UK WILL NO LONGER BE ABLE TO HAVE LOUD MUSIC IN CLUBS! THEY WILL ALL REQUIRE A SOUND LIMIT WHICH IS RIDICULOUSLY LOW!!! TAKE 2 MINS OUT TO SIGN THE PETITION! SAVE UK CLUBBING! It has been brought to our attention that the government wish to consider it a legal requirement in the new tax year to introduce laws insisting anyone applying or re-applying for an entertainment license must have a noise control device fitted to the venue. This will be the final NAIL IN THE COFFIN for ALL entertainment in the UK as the level at which these devices CUT THE MUSIC LEVEL is SO LOW THERE WILL BE NO POINT GOING RAVIN/CLUBBIN!!! PLEASE DO NOT INTRODUCE THIS LAW, WE KNOW YOU LOVE LIVE MUSIC AND SO DO WE!!!" Please take 2 minutes to sign this and join in the fight for noise! Deadline to sign up by: 23 January 2009 http://petitions.number10.gov.uk/NoNoiseControl/


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Stampede survivors blame barricades
Survivors of a stampede in Ivory Coast that killed 61 people, most of them children and teenagers, after a New Year's Eve fireworks display said makeshift barricades stopped them from moving along a main boulevard, causing the crush of people.
Police said unknown people put tree trunks across the Boulevard de la Republique where the trampling took place.
"For security, because there were so many important people at the event, we closed certain main streets," said a police officer who was overheard briefing Ivory Coast president Alassane Outtara on the incident.
The officer said the tree trunks were put out unofficially by people who are not known.
"After the fireworks we reopened the other streets, but we had not yet removed the tree trunks from the Boulevard de la Republique, in front of the Hotel Tiana near the National Assembly (parliament) building," she said. "That is where the stampede happened when people flooded in from the other streets."
Mr Ouattara ordered three days of national mourning and launched an investigation into the causes of the tragedy.
Two survivors indicated why so many died in what would normally be an open area.
An estimated 50,000 people had gathered near the Felix Houphouet Boigny Stadium and elsewhere in Abidjan's Plateau district to watch the fireworks. As they streamed away from the show some encountered the blockades.
"Near the Justice Palace we were stopped by some people who put blockades of wood in the street," 33-year-old Zoure Sanate said from her bed in Cocody Hospital. "They told us we must stay in the Plateau area until morning. None of us accepted to stay in Plateau until the morning for a celebration that ended at around 1am. Then came the stampede of people behind us. My four children and I were knocked to the ground. I was hearing my kids calling me, but I was powerless and fighting against death. Two of my kids are in hospital with me, but two others are missing. They cannot be found."
Newspapers are speculating that thieves put up the roadblocks so pickpockets could steal money and mobile phones from the packed-in people.
Press Association


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- More
Angel (Paramount, 1937). Jumbo Lobby Cards (7) (14" X 17").. ... (Total: 8 Items)Click the image to load the highest resolution version.
DescriptionAngel (Paramount, 1937). Jumbo Lobby Cards (7) (14" X 17").
In this classic Ernst Lubitsch film, Marlene Dietrich plays Maria, a young wife who feels neglected by her husband (Herbert Marshall), a British diplomat who travels frequently. To relieve her boredom, Maria takes a vacation to Paris, where she meets the dashing American, Anthony Halton (Melvyn Douglas). Although she soon returns to England, a chance encounter with Anthony causes Maria to rethink her life. These rare jumbo lobby cards are printed on a linen-finish stock and feature luminous images of the stars. In exceptional condition, only minor wear can be noted: faint corner bumps on all cards, and small tears in the top border and one in the left border of the "red dress" card. Original envelope and small snipe included. Very Fine+.
View movie details on IMDB
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Fees, Shipping, and Handling Description: Movie Poster - Lobby Card Set/Stills Set- Small 1-25 qty (view shipping information)
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The War of the Worlds (Paramount, 1953). Window Card
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South of the Rio Grande (Columbia, 1932). Title Lobby Card & Lobby Card
Roman Holiday (Paramount, 1953). Window Card


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Melbourne Victory striker Archie Thompson has urged the club to hand Mehmet Durakovic the coaching role permanently. The former Australian national team defender has been at the helm of the Victory since Ernie Merrick was given the sack in mid-March and has already made an impression on the playing group.
None more so than Thompson who has called for Durakovic to be appointed as the new head coach of the two-time A-League champions.
"He manages the boys well. Everyone has got the utmost respect for him. That's not saying we didn't have respect for Ernie, but it's good to have respect for your coach and we respect his career as a player as well," Thompson said.
"I said before that with no disrespect to Ernie, it was starting to feel a little bit stale towards of the end of the season. With Mehm coming in, everything changing, it's fresh.
"For myself it's like a whole new lease on life, I don't know where I am going to be. With Ernie I knew I was going to be starting. You just don't know anymore and it's refreshing and it makes you go out there and work very hard."
And Thompson said that after a disappointing season, the Victory are desperate to get back to what they know best winning.
"We know as players where the club wants to go," he added.
"We want to be the Manchester United of the A-League. I still think we are there. I think results haven't gone our way on the pitch, then that's the most important thing."


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Wage and income tax statistics 2013:
49% of solidarity surcharge are paid by 10% of all payers
The draft coalition agreement between the CDU, CSU and SPD provides for a gradual phasing out of the solidarity surcharge. The surcharge was introduced in 1991 mainly to finance German unification.
Since 1998 the "Soli" (as it is nicknamed in Germany) has been levied at 5.5% of the income tax on all taxpayers whose annual income tax is more than 972 euros (assessed individuals) or more than 1.944 euros (jointly assessed married couples). From 2021, approximately 90% of all payers are to be fully relieved from paying the surcharge.
According to the 2013 wage and income tax statistics, the solidarity surcharge amounted to a total of roughly 12 billion euros. 90% of the just under 31 million surcharge payers accounted for just over half of that total (51%). The remaining 49% came from those taxpayers who paid the highest amounts of surcharge (10%).
An individually assessed surcharge payer had an average (median) taxable income of 25,964 euros in 2013. On average, that payer contributed 218 euros of solidarity surcharge. An average household of a jointly assessed married couple had a taxable income of 52,165 euros and paid 393 euros of solidarity surcharge (median values in each case).
In 2013, the top 10% of contributors were taxpayers who paid a surcharge of 729 euros or over (assessed individuals) or 1.458 euros (jointly assessed couples). These amounts represented annual taxable incomes of more than 51,057 euros or 102,114 euros, respectively.
Current WISTA edition: young people in the labour market
The transition of young people into the German labour market is obviously rather smooth - the youth unemployment rate in Germany is the lowest in the European Union. But how about the educational and labour force participation of young people in more concrete terms? How do they look for and find a job? Are they prepared to commute longer distances or move to another place to work?
In their article on Young People in the Labour Market published in issue 1/2018 of our WISTA scientific journal, Lisa Günther und Katharina Gawronski analyse the situation of the 15 to 34 year olds in the labour market.
The analysis shows that highly qualified young people frequently gain first work experience during the period of education and most often respond to job advertisements. Compared to people with lower levels of education, they are more likely or prepared to commute or move for work reasons.


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Sunderland defender Phil Bardsley believes team need to gamble to win games
Sunderland defender Phil Bardsley feels his struggling side need to take more risks in order to turn things around.
Last Updated: 29/11/12 10:38pm
With just 12 goals from 13 games and only two wins to their name, the Black Cats have endured a difficult start to the season.
And while Bardsley is convinced the attitude of the players cannot be questioned, he believes his team-mates may need to be more ambitious in possession.
"The work ethic is there for everyone to see but there are times we need to force that pass to create something," said the 27-year-old, quoted in the Daily Star.
"That may mean giving the ball away at times, but sometimes we're too comfortable in possession.
"We've got to get forward into the right areas and pass to those players with a bit of guile and flair.
"We are struggling to do that. It's not going great, but if we keep plugging away, I'm sure it will come.
"There's no lack of trying. The lads are working their socks off and running about trying to win the game, but little things are not quite coming off for us."
Sunderland could only draw 0-0 at home to Premier League bottom club QPR on Tuesday evening.


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Nice Girls Wristlet Wallet
When you only need the bare essentials, this wallet wristlet is ready to take charge. Made of matte faux leather in mint green with the text "Nice Girls Are The Prettiest".
- Approx. 4 in. high x 6 in. wide
- Optional wrist strap
- Zip closure with internal card slots
- Woven vinyl lining
- Man-made materials
- Imported


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Fed Maintains $85 Billion Pace of Monthly Asset PurchasesJoshua Zumbrun and Jeff Kearns
Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke said further gains in the U.S. labor market are needed for the central bank to consider reducing its record monetary easing.
"Obviously, there has been improvement," he said at a news conference in Washington today after the Fed decided to leave the pace of asset purchases unchanged at $85 billion a month. "One thing we would need is to make sure that this is not a temporary improvement."
The Fed, seeking to boost the pace of growth and heal a job market still scarred by the deepest recession since the Great Depression, also said today it will leave its key interest rate near zero as long as unemployment remains above 6.5 percent and the outlook for inflation is less than 2.5 percent.
Stocks extended gains and Treasury yields remained higher. The Standard & Poor's 500 Index rose 0.7 percent to 1,558.71 as of 4 p.m. in New York, and the yield on the 10-year Treasury note climbed to 1.96 percent as of 5 p.m., from 1.9 percent late yesterday.
When the central bank began its third round of large-scale asset purchases in September, the most recent Labor Department report showed the unemployment rate was 8.1 percent. Joblessness fell to 7.7 percent in February, and monthly payroll growth has averaged almost 200,000 since October.
Even so, the labor market is far from making up the losses it sustained during the 18-month recession that ended in June 2009. The economy lost 8.8 million jobs as a result of the recession, and it has since regained 5.7 million.
Bernanke, Yellen
Bernanke and Fed Vice Chairman Janet Yellen need to see stronger labor-market data before they'll support winding down the asset-purchase program, said Michael Hanson, senior U.S. economist at Bank of America Corp. in New York.
"At the end it's going to come down to Bernanke and Yellen convinced the economy has improved enough, and I'm not sure we're going to get to that quickly," Hanson said.
Bernanke, in the press conference, said the pace of asset purchases may be altered if the economy continues to heal.
"As we make progress toward our objective, we may adjust the flow rate of purchases from month to month to appropriately calibrate the amount of accommodation," Bernanke, a former Princeton University professor, said. "We think it makes more sense to have our policy variable, which is the rate of flow of purchases respond in a more continuous or sensitive way to changes in the outlook."
Housing Debt
The Fed's monthly purchases will remain divided between $40 billion of mortgage-backed securities and $45 billion of Treasury securities, the Federal Open Market Committee said in a statement. The purchases are aimed at spurring the economy by lowering interest rates on everything from mortgages to car loans.
Echoing earlier language, the FOMC said the purchases will continue until "the outlook for the labor market has improved substantially in a context of price stability" and that it will continue to reinvest maturing securities.
"Overall, still-high unemployment in combination with relatively low inflation underscores the need for policies that will support progress toward maximum employment in the context of price stability," Bernanke, 59, said.
Kansas City Fed President Esther George dissented for the second meeting in a row, saying she was "concerned that the continued high level of monetary accommodation increased the risks of future economic and financial imbalances and, over time, could cause an increase in long-term inflation expectations."
Farm Land
George has said holding interest rates near zero for too long risks creating financial bubbles. She said in January that prices of assets "such as bonds, agricultural land, and high-yield and leveraged loans are at historically high levels" and may signal market imbalances.
Since the Fed last met in January, stocks have climbed to new highs, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average exceeding its prior peak from October 2007. The index, which has gained almost 11 percent this year, is near its record close of 14,539.14 on March 14. The yield on the benchmark 10-year Treasury reached an 11-month high of 2.06 percent on March 11.
Bernanke said that the Fed doesn't "see anything that's out of line with historical patterns" in the stock market. "There has been increased optimism about the economy" and the share of income going to profits has risen, so higher stock prices aren't surprising, he said.
Spoke to Obama
Bernanke said that he has spoken with President Barack Obama about what he will do when his second four-year term as chairman ends in January of 2014. Obama reappointed Bernanke as chairman in 2010 and hasn't said if he intends to reappoint Bernanke again.
"I have spoken to the president a bit but I really don't have any information for you at this juncture," Bernanke said. "I don't think I'm the only person in the world who can manage the exit" from the central bank's record stimulus.
Policy makers lowered their expectations for the unemployment rate at the end of the year to a range of 7.3 percent to 7.5 percent from a previous forecast of 7.4 percent to 7.7 percent. The economy will expand 2.3 percent to 2.8 percent this year, they estimate, compared with their earlier forecast of 2.3 percent to 3 percent growth.
Thirteen of the 19 FOMC participants estimated that the first increase in the federal funds rate from its current range of zero to 0.25 percent will occur in 2015, the same as at the December meeting.
Central bankers last provided their forecasts in December. The Fed today released the policy makers' quarterly economic forecasts at the same time as the statement. Previously, on days Bernanke held a press conference, the central bank released the statement at about 12:30 p.m. and the FOMC forecasts an hour and a half later. From now on, both will be released at 2 p.m.
Forty-four of 45 economists in a Bloomberg survey March 13-18 said the pace of purchases wouldn't be reduced at today's meeting. Fifty-eight percent of economists in the survey said officials won't reduce buying until the fourth quarter or later, while 55 percent said they expect the Fed to end its quantitative easing entirely in the first half of next year.
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- From a $126 Million Bonus to Jail: The Fall of a Star Trader
- Facebook Plunges as Pressure Mounts on Zuckerberg Over Data


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Every wardrobe needs the classic staples. I am all in favour of a good bargain but when it comes to the staples, I find it best to invest. If you go for quality the items can serve you for years. What are your wardrobe basics? My list of basics includes a white button down shirt, a pair of pumps, a pencil skirt, an envelope clutch. But also a turtleneck sweater, a blazer, ankle boots, a pair of jeans, an oversized bag, and probably a bunch of other stuff I fail to mention. As for good basic colors I would choose black, navy and grey.
Wardrobe classics by noconfessions featuring beaded earrings


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July 23, 2008
Burnoffs Upsetting Tasman Residents
By KIDSON, Sally
Burnoffs in the Tasman district are getting up the public's noses, with a residents' group calling for the Tasman District Council to look at the rules allowing companies to burn off land in preparation for subdivision.But council staff say there is little they can do about the fires because no rules are being broken.
Complaints about outdoor burning made up the highest number of grumbles to the council in the past three months.
Sixty-two of the 261 complaints received from April to June were about smoke. Of these, 44 were about outdoor burning in the Motueka area.
Council compliance officer Carl Cheesman said in a report that complaints had come from as far away as Stoke and Nelson, and many people wanted to register their opposition to the practice of outdoor burning and its effects.
Mr Cheesman said most of the fires were conducted in accordance with rules allowing outdoor burning, so there was little that compliance officers could do.
He said complaints were likely to continue because of rising public opposition to the activity.
Burnoffs are a permitted activity as a land management tool in the district, but require a fire permit from the Waimea Rural Fire Authority. Fires in some areas on the Waimea and Motueka plains are not permitted between June and August, unless they have a resource consent.
Tasman Area Community Association secretary Tony Pearson said residents in the Tasman village area had noticed that the smoke problem from burnoffs was worse this year, and the matter had been raised at association meetings.
In previous years, it had been mainly orchardists holding burnoffs, he said. This year, forestry companies like Carter Holt Harvey were burning off land they intended to subdivide.
Mr Pearson said this meant residents had faced weeks and weeks of burnoffs, and he was worried that more were coming, as large areas of Weka Rd and Old Coach Rd had been cleared.
He was concerned that wet, green and dirty wood was sometimes burnt, which made the smoke problem worse.
Mr Pearson said the association did not have a problem with orchardists and other smaller-scale landowners carrying out burnoffs, but thought that the rules allowing large landowners like Carter Holt Harvey to burn off for weeks on end needed to be reviewed.
"As a community, we are saying this is a different phenomenon and council need to consider whether they need different rules to cover this."
He believed that there were other ways to clean up land, and had heard that in other areas of New Zealand, huge mulchers were used.
Coastal Highway resident David Short agreed that the rules needed to be looked at. He was concerned about the fires because of the pollution they caused.
Council consents coordinator Michael Durant said the council had issued only four resource consents for burnoffs this year, two of which were for Carter Holt Harvey.
CHH would not comment on the matter.
Environment and planning committee chairman Cr Michael Higgins said the council discussed the issue of burnoffs on Thursday, but decided not to take any further action.
Cr Higgins said the council felt that the issue would not be as bad in the future because a lot of forestry land had been cleared in order to meet the carbon tax penalty deadline of December 2007.
He said council staff would work with landowners to ensure that they carried out burnoffs correctly.
(c) 2008 Nelson Mail, The. Provided by ProQuest Information and Learning. All rights Reserved.


text:
Sleeps Eight. The interior is finished in varnished mahogany and painted wood.
Entering from the cockpit, the galley is on port and the navigation station is on starboard. The navigation station features a large chart counter with top loading refrigeration beneath. Forward of this, the main salon features a large dinette with pilot berths outboard on each side. From the salon the twin staterooms are located down in either hull and feature a raised double berth with drawers and storage compartments under. Aft of the stateroom in each hull is a head followed by a single berth stateroom. There is 6' headroom throughout.


text:
WASHINGTON -- The Food and Drug Administration will ask outside specialists next week whether the diabetes drug Avandia should be pulled from the market over concerns of heart attack risk.
The FDA scheduled a Monday meeting to ask drug safety and diabetes experts to review GlaxoSmithKline's blockbuster drug after a medical journal article in May suggested it elevates heart attack risk by 43 percent in patients who take the drug.
The agency posted documents yesterday on its website that include its latest review of the drug.
The FDA is also expected to ask panelists whether any heart attack risks seen with Avandia are greater than those of rival diabetes treatments, which include Takeda Pharmaceutical's Actos and Merck & Co.'s Januvia.
The agency is not required to follow the recommendation of the panel of experts although it usually does. The company says its studies show that the drug is as safe as comparable treatments.
If the panel votes to keep Avandia on the market, as most analysts expect, the FDA will ask the group whether a so-called black box warning about heart attack risks or other restrictions should be added to the drug's label.
More than 6 million people worldwide have taken Avandia or a related drug, Avandamet, since it came on the market in 1999. Doctors use the pills to control blood sugar levels in patients with adult-onset diabetes.
In briefing documents posted online, Glaxo argued that "there is no consistent or systematic evidence" linking Avandia to increased risk of heart attack or death. However, the company recommends expanding the drug's label, which already includes a warning about heart failure.
Glaxo said it plans to add a warning that diabetics who already take insulin should not take Avandia.
The proposed warning is consistent with the FDA's review.


text:
Emily looks just fantastic in this video .. the double vision (mirror reflection) was a bonus and really added to the appeal of this video.
Double Vision
Featuring: Emily Cartwright
Date: May 2nd, 2009
Duration: 14:25
Sharing a bathroom with Emily Cartwright would be a very..interesting..experience, to say the least. Here's something we've never seen in a Scoreland video. A girl spraying car vinyl cleaner on her body-hugging rubber dress before. And in a shower. And then she buffs herself all shiny and slippery. Her bust. Her booty. Would Emily detail our car if we asked? Probably not but she would be happy to show us those full, creamy tits and her shaved pussy for as long as we wanted. Quickly into this video, we learn that Emily has gone commando. Emily has a big toy collection and brought one of her faves to this video.
What Members are saying about this update...
October 18, 2010


text:
Q: What do you call a boomerang that won't come back?
A: A stick.
Q: How is a lawyer different from a hooker?
A: There are some things a hooker just won't do.
Q: How many divorced men does it take to screw in a light bulb?
A: None, the sockets go with the house.
Q: What do you call a man with a car on his head?
A: Jack
Q: What's Black and Brown and looks good on a lawyer?
A: A Doberman.
Q: What's the difference between a bad golfer and a bad skydiver?
A: A bad golfer goes, WHACK! "Damn." A bad skydiver goes, "Damn." WHACK!
Q: What do you call a lawyer skydiving?
A: A skeet.
Q: Which sexual position produces the ugliest children?
A: Ask your mother.
Q: How do you embarrass an archeologist?
A: Give him a used tampon and ask him which period it came from.
Q: What did the cannibal do after he dumped his girlfriend?
A: Wiped his ass.
Q: How can you tell if you're at a bulimic bachelor party?
A: The cake jumps out of the girl.
Q: What do you call a prostitute with a runny nose?
A: Full.
Q: How do you circumcise a hillbilly?
A: Kick his sister in the jaw.
Q: What's the difference between Courtney Love & Eric Lindross?
A: Eric takes a shower after 3 periods
Q: Why doesn't Mexico have an Olympic team?
A: Because everybody who can run, jump and swim are already in the U.S.
Q: What's the difference between a bitch and a whore?
A: A whore sleeps with everybody at the party, and a bitch sleeps with everybody at the party except you.
Q: What are three words you dread the most while making love?
A: "Honey, I'm home."
Q: Why don't they teach driver's education and sex education on the same day in Iraq?
A: They don't want to wear out the camel.
Q: What's the difference between a Catholic wife and a Jewish wife?
A: A Catholic wife has real orgasms and fake jewelry.
Q: What's the difference between getting a divorce and getting circumcised?
A: When you get a divorce, you get rid of the whole prick!
Q: What's the difference between a G-Spot and a golf ball?
A: A guy will actually search for a golf ball.
Q: What did One gay sperm say to another?
A: How do we find an egg in all of this crap?
Q: What did the elephant say to the naked man?
A: It's cute but can you pick up peanuts with it?
Q. What has seventy-five balls and screws old ladies?
A. Bingo!
Q. What's the definition of a Yankee?
A. Same thing as a "quickie", only you do it yourself.
Q: How does every ethnic joke start?
A: By looking over your shoulder.
Q: Which of the following doesn't belong: wife, meat, eggs, blow job?
A: The blow job. You can beat your wife, your eggs, or your meat; but you just can't beat a blow job.
Q: How many perverts does it take to put in a light bulb?
A: Just one, but it takes the entire emergency room to get it out!
Q: What did the Indian say to the white woman when she tied his penis in a knot?
A: "How Come?"
Q: What is the difference between a genealogist and a gynecologist?
A: A genealogist looks up your family tree. A gynecologist looks up your family bush.
Q: Why are cowgirls bowlegged?
A: Cowboys like to eat with their hats on.
Q: What's the definition of a teenager?
A: God's punishment for enjoying sex.
Q: Did you hear the slogan for the the new "Stealth Condom?"
A: "They'll never see you coming."
Q: How is a woman like a road?
A: Both have manholes.
Q: What's the definition of a vagina?
A: The box a penis comes in.
Q: What do you call a truckload of vibrators?
A: Toys for Twats.
Q: What do you call kinky sex with chocolate?
Q: Why do we have orgasms?
A: How else would we know when to stop?
Q: Define Transvestite:
A: A guy who likes to eat, drink and be Mary.
Q: Mom's have Mother's Day. Fathers have Father's Day. What do single guys have?
A: Palm Sunday.
Q: Why is being in the military like a blow job?
A: The closer you get to discharge, the better you feel.
Q: There's no business like Show Business.
A: There's no job like a blow job.
Q: What do a dildo and soy beans have in common?
A: They are both substitute meats.
Q: How did Pinocchio find out he was made of wood?
A: His hand caught fire.
Q: Why is sex like a game of bridge?
A: If you have a good hand, you don't need a partner.
Q: What do a coffin and a condom have in common?
A: They're both filled with stiffs, one's coming, one's going.
Q: What are 3 two letter words that say small?
A: Is it in.
Q: How are airplanes and women alike?
A: They both have cockpits.
Q: What do you call a smiling Roman with a pubic hair between his teeth?
A: Gladiator!
Q: What did the hurricane say to the coconut tree?
A: Hold onto your nuts, this is going to be a hell of a blow job.
Q: What is the leading cause in death with lesbians?
A: Hairballs.
Q: How do you know if a blonde has been sending e-mail?
A: You see a bunch of envelopes stuffed into the disk drive.
Q: What can Life Savers do that men cannot?
A: Come in five flavors.
Q: What is good on pizza but bad on pussy?
A: Crust.
Q: Why does Miss Piggy douche with honey?
A: Because Kermit likes sweet and sour pork.
Q: How can you tell if you have a high sperm count?
A: If your girlfriend chews before swallowing.
Q: What do you get when you mix Raggedy Ann and the Pillsbury Doughboy together?
A: A red headed bitch with a yeast infection.
Q: How do you piss off Winnie the Pooh?
A: By sticking your finger in his honey.
Q: What is the ultimate rejection?
A: When you're masturbating and your hand falls asleep.
Q: What did Bill Clinton say to Monica?
A: I told you to lick my erection, not wreck my election.
Q: What does pizza delivery man and a gynecologist have in common?
A: Both can smell it but can't eat it.
Q: What do you call a blonde with pigtails?
A: A blow job with handle bars.
Q: What do you call a group of blondes on roller skates?
A: A mobile sperm bank.
Q: What do you call a blonde with a dollar bill over her head?
A: All you can eat for under a buck.
Q: What do you get when you mix a rooster with a telephone pole?
A: A 30ft cock that wants to reach out and touch someone


text:
I would like to think that fingerprinting is un-needed. One of the reasons I like the DNT approach is that it is, ideally, consensus-based on both sides. The alternative is the mutually hostile measure-counter-measure, at the end of which, no-one wins. Examples: * if we block cookies, the sites find other ways to 'tag' us -- like fingerprints. So then we try to reduce the fingerprint surface. And so on. * if we block 'known trackers', probably by host address, then the sites would probably start cycling their DNS, or masquerading under the name of a legitimate non-tracking entity (e.g. the first party), and so on. If a site wants to 'tag' me, I want it consensual and evident; cookies are much more evident than a fingerprint I cannot see. So, reacting to the thread title: what was the 'cause' that fingerprint was on, that might now be 'lost'? David Singer Multimedia and Software Standards, Apple Inc.Received on Wednesday, 24 October 2012 18:01:32 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Tuesday, 6 January 2015 20:23:54 UTC


text:
Susie Wolff and Daniel Juncadella will join Pastor Maldonado at this week's Young Driver Test
Williams announce their drivers for Silverstone
By Mike Wise
Last Updated: 16/07/13 11:40am
The test is the first Wolff has undertaken on a circuit in a contemporary car, although the 30-year-old was the first driver to take the wheel of Williams' current FW35 when she performed an aerodynamic test at Idiada in February.
Named as a Development Driver in April 2012, Wolff made her F1 debut in an FW33 at a team event, also at Silverstone, last October.
Juncadella took the Formula 3 Euro Series title in 2012 having also won the 2011 F3 Macau Grand Prix and in the Formula BMW category. The 22-year-old currently races in the German DTM Touring Car series.
He will run on Wednesday while Wolff takes over on Friday, the final day of the test. Inbetween times, Maldonado runs as a result of the FIA's decision to widen the scope of the test in the wake of the tyre failures seen at Silverstone during last month's British GP. The Venezuelan will evaluate the new tyres Pirelli are introducing at the forthcoming Hungarian GP.
"It's a fantastic opportunity for me, so now it is up to me to prepare myself the best that I can for the day," said Wolff, whose responsibilities at Williams also include working in their simulator.
"It's going to be a big challenge but the most important thing is to do a solid and consistent job and to give good feedback to the team to be able to prove I am at the level to compete on a day such as this.
"Most of my work is based in the simulator which is why this day is so important for me. It will give me a better understanding of what the car is like on track and how that correlates to the simulator which will also help further develop the work I can do there."
"It's an important test for any young driver as there aren't many opportunities to drive a Formula one car," added Juncadella.
"I had my first taste of Formula One as a prize for winning the 2012 Formula 3 Euro Series title, but it was a 2009 car so I therefore see this as being the real deal, having the chance to drive a current car in a full test."
Williams test line-up:
Wednesday - Daniel Juncadella
Thursday - Pastor Maldonado
Friday - Susie Wolff.


text:
1. Introduction
Abiotic stress factors are the main limitation to plant growth and yield in agriculture. Among them, drought stress caused by water deficit, is probably the most impacting adverse condition and the most widely encountered by plants, not only in crop fields but also in wild environments. According to published statistics, the percentage of drought-affected land area in the world in 2000 was double that of 1970 [1].
Another major environmental factor that limits crop productivity, mainly in arid and semi-arid regions is high salinity. Approximately 19.5% of the irrigated soils in the world have elevated concentrations of salts either in the soil or in the irrigation water [2], damaging both the economy and the environment [3, 4]. The deleterious effects of salinity on plant growth are associated with low osmotic potential of soil solution (water stress), nutritional imbalance, specific ion effect (salt stress), or a combination of these factors [5].
Abiotic stress leads to a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that adversely affect plant growth and productivity [6]. Drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and oxidative stress are often interconnected, and may induce similar cellular damage (for more details see [7]).
During the course of its evolution, plants have developed mechanisms to cope with and adapt to different types of abiotic and biotic stress. Plants face adverse environmental conditions by regulating specific sets of genes in response to stress signals, which vary depending on factors such as the severity of stress conditions, other environmental factors, and the plant species [8].
The sensing of these stresses induces signaling events that activate ion channels, kinase cascades, production of reactive oxygen species, and accumulation of hormones [9].
These signals ultimately induce expression of specific genes that lead to the assembly of the overall defense reaction. In contrast to plant resistance to biotic stresses, which is mostly dependent on monogenic traits, the genetically complex responses to abiotic stresses are multigenic, and thus more difficult to control and engineer [10].
The conventional breeding programs are being used to integrate genes of interest from inter crossing genera and species into the crops to induce stress tolerance. However, in many cases, these conventional breeding methods have failed to provide desirable results [11].
In recent decades, the use of techniques based on in vitro plant tissue culture, has made possible the development of biotechnological tools for addressing the critical problems of crop improvement for sustainable agriculture. Among the available biotechnologicaltools for crop breeding, genetic engineering based on introgression of genes that are known to be involved in plant stress response and in vitro selection through the application of selective pressure in culture conditions, for developing stress tolerant plants, have proved to be the most effective approaches [12].
On the other hand, it is often difficult to analyze the response of plants to different abiotic stresses in the field or in greenhouse conditions, due to complex and variable nature of these stresses. In vitro tissue culture-based tools have also allowed a deeper understanding of the physiology and biochemistry in plants cultured under adverse environmental conditions [13].
In this work, the progress made towards the development of abiotic stress-tolerant plants through tissue culture-based approaches is described. The achievements in the better understanding of physiological and biochemical changes in plants under in vitro stress conditions are also reviewed.
2.Somaclonal variation
Somaclonal variation is defined as the genetic and phenotypic variation among clonally propagated plants of a single donor clone. It is well known that genetic variations occur in undifferentiated cells, isolated protoplasts, calli, tissues and morphological traits of regenerated plants. The cause of variation is mostly attributed to changes in the chromosome number and structure. Generally, the term somaclonal variation is used for genetic variability present among all kinds of cells/plants obtained from cells cultured in vitro [14].
Plants regenerated from tissue and cell cultures show heritable variation for both qualitative and quantitative traits. Somaclonal variation caused by the process of tissue culture is also called tissue culture-induced variation to more specifically define the inducing environment [15]. The occurrence of uncontrolled and spontaneous variation during the culture process is an unexpected and mostly undesired phenomenon when plants are micropropagated at the commercial scale [16]. However, apart from these negative effects, its usefulness in crop breeding through creation of novel variants has been extensively reported [17]. Induced somaclonal variation can be used for genetic manipulation of crops with polygenic traits [18]. The new varieties derived from in vitro tissue culture could exhibit disease resistance and improvement in quality as well as better yield [19].
Somaclonal variants can be detected using various techniques which are broadly categorized as morphological, physiological/biochemical and molecular detection techniques. There are two main approaches for the isolation of somaclonal variants: screening and cell selection.
Screening involves the observation of a large number of cells or regenerated plants for the detection of variant individuals. Mutants for several traits can be far more easily isolated from cell cultures than from whole plant populations. This is because a large number of cells can be easily and effectively screened for mutant traits. Screening of as many plants would be very difficult, ordinarily impossible [17]. Mutants can be effectively selected for disease resistance, improvement of nutritional quality, adaptation to stress conditions, e.g., saline, soils, low temperature, toxic metals, resistance to herbicides and to increase the biosynthesis of plant products used for medicinal or industrial purposes. Screening has been profitably and widely employed for the isolation of cell clones that produce higher quantities of certain biochemicals [20].
In the cell selection approach, a suitable pressure is applied to permit the preferential survival/growth of variant cells. Selection strategies have been successfully developed for the recovery of genotypes resistant to various toxins, herbicides, high salt concentration etc. [21]. When the selection pressure allows only the mutant cells to survive or divide, it is called positive selection. On the other hand, in the case of negative selection, the wild type cells divide normally and therefore are killed by a counter selection agent, e.g., 5-Bromodeoxyuridine, or arsenate. The mutant cells are unable to divide as a result of which they escape the counter selection agent. These cells are subsequently rescued by removal of the counter selection agent [11].
3. In vitro selection of plants tolerant to abiotic stress
Many studies have reported that the in vitro culture alone or combined with mutagenesis, induced with physicochemical or biological agents, can be exploited to increase genetic variability and mutants, as a potential source of new commercial cultivars [22]. In vitro culture environments can be mutagenic and plants regenerated from organ cultures, calli, protoplasts and via somatic embryogenesis sometimes exhibit phenotypic and/or genotypic variations [22].
It is important to point that tissue culture increases the efficiency of mutagenic treatments and allows handling of large populations and rapid cloning of selected variants [17]. The similarities of the effects induced by the stress in the plant cultured in vitro and in vivo conditions suggest that the in vitro system can be used as an alternative to field evaluations for studying the general effect of water-stress on plant growth and development.
The most widely used method for the selection of genotypes tolerant to abiotic stress is the in vitro selection pressure technique. This is based on the in vitro culture of plant cells, tissues or organs on a medium supplemented with selective agents, allowing selecting and regenerating plants with desirable characteristics. In table 1 a list of species in which this technique has been successfully applied to obtain genotypes with increased resistance to different abiotic stresses is shown.
The most important successes on this respect are described below:
3.1.In. vitro selection of salt-tolerant plants
The problem of soil salinity has been aggravated during the last decades as a consequence of some agricultural practices such as irrigation and poor drainage systems. As described in the introduction, it has been estimated that around 20 % of the irrigated land in the world is affected by salinity, and it is expected that the increase of salinization in agricultural fields will reduce the land available for cultivation by 30% in the next 25 years and up to 50% by the year 2050 [23].
The in vitro selection pressure technique has been effectively utilized to induce tolerance to salt stress in plants through the use of salts as a selective agent, allowing the preferential survival and growth of desired genotypes. This approach has being done using a number of plant materials (callus, suspension cultures, somatic embryos, shoot cultures, etc.) which has been screened for variation in their ability to tolerate relatively high levels of salt in the culture media. In most of the studies, the salt used has been NaCl [24].
Several researchers have compared the response of other Cl- and SO42- salts including KCl, Na2SO4, and MgSO4 during in vitro screening. This use of multiple salts as a selection pressure parallels the salinity under field conditions and may be a better choice [11].
3.2.In. vitro selection of drought-tolerant plants
Drought is a major abiotic stress which causes important agricultural losses, mainly in arid and semiarid areas. Drought stress causes moisture depletion in soil and water deficit with a decrease of water potential in plant tissues. In vitro culture has been used to obtain drought-tolerant plants assuming that there is a correlation between cellular and in vivo plant responses [25]. During the last years, in vitro selection for cells exhibiting increased tolerance to water or drought stress has been reported (Table 1).
Polyethylene glycol (PEG), sucrose, mannitol or sorbitol have been used by several workers as osmotic stress agents for in vitro selection [25; 26] However, PEG has been the most extensively used to stimulate water stress in plants. This compound of high molecular weight is a non-penetrating inert osmoticum that reduces water potential of nutrient solutions without being taken up by the plant or being phytotoxic [26]. Because PEG does not enter the apoplast, water is withdrawn not only from the cell but also from the cell wall. Therefore, PEG solutions mimic dry soil more closely than solutions of compounds with low molecular weights, which infiltrate the cell wall with solute [27].
Besides salt and drought, a few reports are also available for the development of plants tolerant to other abiotic stress (metal, chilling, UV and frost) through in vitro selection (Reviewed in [11]).
4. Characterization of salt- or drought-tolerant plants during in vitro selection
A second step in the process of obtaining genotypes more tolerant to a particular stress condition is the characterization of the regenerants that survive to the imposed pressure selection under in vitro conditions. Salinity and drought affect many physiological processes such as reductions of cell growth, leaf area, biomass and yield. The activation of the plant antioxidant defense system has been positively associated with salt and drought tolerance [11], and the same pattern has been confirmed on in vitro cultures [28]. Therefore, by measuring antioxidant activities in vitro, a rapid preliminary selection of tolerant genotypes could be performed. In fact, different authors have determined the main antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) [29].
Lipids play an important role as the structural constituent of most of the cellular membranes [30]. Moreover, often there is no need of intact plants to perform the initial selection, as in the case of callus culture that can be used as a plant material for the selection of tolerant genotypes. As an example it is well known that free radical-induced peroxidation of lipid membrane is a sign of stress-induced damage at cellular level. Therefore, the level of malonyldialdehyde, produced during peroxidation of membrane lipids, is often used as an indicator of oxidative damage [31]. It has been reported that selected callus lines of Solanumtuberosum subjected to NaCl showed an increase in lipid peroxidation in comparison with salt tolerant lines [32].
For overcoming salt or drought stress, plants have developed protective mechanisms including osmotic adjustment that is usually accomplished by accumulation of compatible solutes such as proline, glycine betaine and polyols [33]. It has been also reported that proline levels increased in response to water stress in tomato calli [34].Taking into account the generated knowledge about plants responses to abiotic stress conditions, the determination of antioxidant enzyme activities, and levels of malonyldialdehyde and proline in plants recovered under selective conditions may help to isolated the most tolerant genotypes.
In recent years, both basic and applied research has led to understand the mechanisms underlying the stress response and the identification of the specific genes/metabolites that are responsible for tolerance phenotypes the "omics" approaches have had a significant development. Through the application of transcriptomics hundreds of genes have been linked with environmental stress responses and regulatory networks of gene expression have been delineated [35]. Moreover, plant tolerance to abiotic stress conditions has been associated with changes in proteome composition. Since proteins are directly involved in plant stress response, proteomics studies can significantly contribute to unravel the possible relationships between protein abundance and plant stress acclimation [36].
Relatively less is known about changes at the metabolomic level. Metabolome analysis has become a valuable tool to study plant metabolic changes that occur in response to abiotic stresses. This approach has already enabled to identify different compounds whose accumulation is affected by exposure to stress conditions. However, much work is still required to identify novel metabolites and pathways not yet linked to stress response and tolerance [37].
In this context, an integrated approach incorporating in vitro plant tissue culture to proteomics and metabolomics technique, can contribute to elucidate the metabolites involved in stress response and select desired genotypes at early stages of plant development or at callus stage [38].
5.Transgenesis for abiotic stress tolerance
Transgenic approaches are among the available tools for plant improvement programs based on biotechnological methodologies. Nowadays, many mechanisms and gene families, which confer improved productivity and adaptation to abiotic stresses, are known. These gene families can be manipulated into novel combinations, expressed ectopically, or transferred to species in which they do not naturally occur. Therefore, the possibility to transform the major crop species with genes from any biological source (plant, animal, microbial) is an extremely powerful tool for molecular plant breeding [39].
To date, successes in genetic improvement of environmental stress resistance have involved manipulation of a single or a few genes involved in signaling/regulatory pathways or that encode enzymes involved in these pathways (such as osmolytes/compatible solutes, antioxidants, molecular chaperones/osmoprotectants, and water and ion transporters [8]. The disadvantage of this approach is that there are numerous interacting genes involved, and efforts to improve crop drought tolerance through manipulation of one or a few of them is often associated with other, often undesirable, pleiotropic and phenotypic alterations [8].
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates the adaptive response of plants to environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, and chilling via diverse physiological and developmental processes [40, 41].
The ABA biosynthetic pathway has been deeply studied and many of the key enzymes involved in ABA synthesis have been used in transgenic plants in relation to improving abiotic stress tolerance [42]. Transgenic plants overexpressing the genes involved in ABA synthesis showed increased tolerance to drought and salinity stress [42, 43]. Similarly, many studies have illustrated the potential of manipulating CBF/DREB genes to confer improved drought tolerance [44, 45].
Another mechanism involved in plant protection to osmotic stress associated to drought and salinity involves the upregulation of compatible solutes that function primarily to maintain cell turgor, but are also involved in avoiding oxidative damage and chaperoning through direct stabilization of membranes and/or proteins [46; 47]. Many genes involved in the synthesis of these osmoprotectants have been explored for their potential in engineering plant abiotic stress tolerance [10, 47].
The cellular and metabolic processes involved in salt stress are similar to those occurring in drought-affected plants and are responses to the osmotic effect of salt [48, 49]. As described above, the use of genes related to osmoprotectant synthesis has been successfully used in developing drought-tolerant crops and the transfer of glycine betaine intermediates have improved the drought and salt tolerance of transgenic plants in many cases [50].
The amino acid proline is known to occur widely in higher plants and normally accumulates in large quantities in response to environmental stresses [51, 52]. The osmoprotectant role of proline has been verified in some crops by overexpressing genes involved in proline synthesis [53].
Other approaches successfully developed in a variety of crops to obtain abiotic-stress-tolerant plants by transgenesis, have been manipulation of transcription factors (TFs), late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, and antioxidant proteins [54].On the other hand, the use of genetic and genomic analysis to identify DNA molecular markers associated to stress resistance can facilitate breeding strategies for crop improvement. This approach is particularly useful when targeting characters controlled by several genes, as in the case of most abiotic stress.
The potential to map different Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) contributing to an agronomical trait and to identify linked molecular markers opens up the possibility to transfer simultaneously several QTLs and to pyramid QTLs for several agronomical traits in one improved cultivar [55]. However, the application of molecular markers in breeding programs requires preliminary studies to identify and validate potential markers [55].
Although the use of Marker-Assisted Selection may be helpful for crop improvement, its practical application in genetic improvement of resistance or tolerance to stress has been limited since no many stress tolerance QTL have been identified [56]. For future biotechnology improvements such as tolerance to drought or nutrient limitation, forward breeding will be necessary to co-optimize transgenic expression and genetic background because endogenous genes and environmental factors may have the potential to influence the phenotypes resulting from transgenic modifications [57].
It is important to point that genetic modification of higher plants by introducing DNA into their cells is a highly complex process. Practically any plant transformation experiment relies at some point on cell and tissue culture. Although the development transformation methods that avoid plant tissue culture have been described for Arabidopsis, and have been extended to a few crops, the ability to regenerate plants from isolated cells or tissues in vitro is needed for most plant transformation systems. Not all plant tissue is suited to every plant
transformation method, and not all plant species can be regenerated by every method [58].There is, therefore, a need to find both a suitable plant tissue culture/regeneration regime and a compatible plant transformation methodology. Today, many agronomical and horticultural important species are routinely transformed, and the list of species that is susceptible to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation seems to grow daily (Table 2).
6.In vitro tissue culture as a tool for physiological and biochemical studies in plants
Because of the great interest for both basic and applied research, many scientific endeavours have long addressed the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the stress response and the identification of the specific genes/metabolites that are responsible for tolerance phenotypes.
In the last decades, in vitro culture of plants has become an integral part of advances in plant science research. Plant tissue culture techniques allow for close monitoring and precise manipulation of plant growth and development, indeed, the in vitro system offers the advantage that relatively little space is needed to culture plants and this system allows a rigorous control of physical environment and nutrient status parameters, which are difficult to regulate with traditional experimental system [59]. Furthermore, any complex organ-organ and plant-environment interaction can be controlled or removed, and the level of stress can be accurately and conveniently controlled [60]. All this together makes that some aspects of plant growth, that were barely understood before the advancement of the science of tissue culture, such as the metabolism and interaction of plant hormones, as well as their physiological effects can be deeply studied [61].
Shoot apex culture has been widely used to evaluate plant physiological responses to salinity and osmotic stress in various species, including apple [59], olive [62] and tomato [63]. With regard to the whole plant, a similar response to salt stress could be expected in plantlets grown through in vitro shoot apex culture [63], because such explants can be considered mini-replicas of a plant with anatomical organization and ability to root and grow into whole plant.
We have previously described the use of an in vitrotissue culture technique to study the performance of different citrus genotypes cultured under salt stress conditions, avoiding the effect of the root by culturing shoots without the root system. The method proved to be a good tool for studying biochemical processes involved in the response of citrus to salt stress [64]. Some citrus genotypes have been classified as relatively salt tolerant under field conditions due to their ability to restrict chloride ions to roots while others have proved to be more sensitive to salinity [65].
In vitro tissue culture approach allowed us to observe that when shoots are cultured without a root system, all genotypes accumulated the same chloride levels and exhibited similar leaf damage as a consequence of salt stress treatment. There was no increase of malonyldialdehydelevels in any genotype, and common patterns of hormonal signaling were observed among genotypes. On the view of these results we concluded that under the same salt conditions and with the same level of leaf chloride intoxication, no biochemical differences exist among tolerant and sensitive genotypes. This points to the roots as a key organ not only as a filter of chloride ions but also as a signalling system in citrus [64]. In vitro tissue culture provided the tools to perform this studies that it would be impossible to carry out with whole plants grown under field or greenhouse conditions.
7. Conclusion
Use of in vitro cell and tissue-based systems offers a remarkable tool for dissecting the physiological, biochemical and molecular regulation of plant development and stress response phenomena. In recent years, considerable progress has been made regarding the development and isolation of stress tolerant genotypes by using in vitro techniques.
The most successful applied tools have been the induction of somaclonal variation and in vitro selection of plants tolerant to different abiotic stresses and the development of transgenic genotypes throughout different approaches.
In vitro selection makes possible to save the time required for developing disease resistant and abiotic stress tolerant lines of commercial crops and other plant species. However, in vitro selected variants should be finally field-tested to confirm the genetic stability of the selected traits under field conditions. The development of in vitro selection technology, together with molecular approaches and functional genomics will provide a new opportunity to improve stress tolerance in plants relevant to food production and environmental sustainability.
Development of transgenic plants using biotechnological tools has become important in plant-stress biology. Previous works on genetics and molecular approaches have shown that most of the abiotic stress tolerant traits are multigenic. Therefore, to improve stress tolerance several stress related genes need to be transfered. More recently manipulation of single transcription factors has provide the same effect as manipulation of multiple genes. This has become a promising approach to get abiotic stress tolerant crops.
A limiting factor for the widespread application of this technology is that, with few exceptions, genetic transformation protocols require plant regeneration of transformants using in vitro plant tissue culture tools. Although the list of species that are susceptible to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has been increased recently, still are many genotypes for which regeneration protocols are not available.
On the other hand, plant tissue culture is also an invaluable laboratory tool to study basic aspects of plant growth and development, and to manipulate these processes since it makes possible to have a large number of plants in a small space, without the interference of other biotic or abiotic stress factors. It also allows growing plants in the same nutritional and environmental conditions all year around.


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The all-party Pharmacy Group, which today announces the results of a six-month investigation into the issue, concluded the government was putting EU law ahead of safety.
They have now called for the government to "unequivocally state" the interests of UK patients must come before European trade laws.
Their report found some patients, including those with diabetes, epilepsy and schizophrenia, had on occasion been unable to obtain medicine, with a number being hospitalised as a result.
At any one time, they said, between 30 and 40 medicines are in short supply.
The Department of Health said they would "carefully consider" the finding and added it was "vital that patients get the medicines they need in a timely way".
But, they added: "There are currently only about 30 drugs reported as difficult to obtain due to parallel exporting out of 16,000 branded and generic medicines."
The All Party Pharmacy Group stated the main cause of the shortage is not the supply from manufacturers, but the exportation by smaller wholesalers to make a profit.
The report, led by Labour MP Kevin Barron, reads: "The UK has been experiencing shortages of NHS prescription medicines for four years.
"These shortages are caused principally by the export of medicines intended for the UK market to other EU countries.
"We have seen evidence that patients are suffering and that pharmacists' time and resources is being diverted away from patient care as a result of medicines being in short supply."
Mr Barron told the Times it was "unacceptable" for pharmacists to be forced to spend time searching for "elusive stock" instead of concentrating on care.
He said: "The problem of NHS medicines shortages is serious.
"Our report lays to rest the mistaken view that patients are not suffering, and it clearly shows that pharmacists are spending countless hours sourcing medicines that should be readily available."
The report, which emphasised the sale of drugs in this way is legal, was constructed after MPs heard evidence from pharmacists, patients, wholesalers and manufacturers.
Measures to mitigate the problem, such as implementing quotas, have proved ineffective, they said.
A spokeswoman from the Department of Health said: "It is vital that patients get the medicines they need. In the vast majority of cases, they do.
"There are nearly 900 million prescriptions dispensed a year, almost 11,000 community pharmacies and some 16,000 medicines so some shortages and delivery delays are inevitable.
"We monitor medicines supply closely and we continue to work closely with representatives of the medicines supply chain to ensure that NHS patients receive the medicines they need.
"We will carefully consider the recommendations the All-Party Pharmacy Group make in their report"


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The Nalpak 11" Tuffpak Series 34-39" Hard Tripod Case with Wheels is a durable tripod carrying case. It will hold a tripod from 34 - 39" in length. Constructed from rotationally molded high-density cross-link polyethylene, the Tuffpak case features a convenient extension collar enabling you to convert it from a 34" case to a 30" one whenever you wish. With built-in wheels, a telescoping pull handle and locking lid, the case is easily transported and will keep your tripod securely inside.
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Paris Fashion Week: Mugler celebrates the heroic ideal -- and pornography
The sophomore Mugler menswear collection under the aegis of creative director Nicola Formichetti, shown on Wednesday evening in Paris, referenced the Olympic theme that started appearing on the runways of Milan the previous week.
Sort of.
"Brothers of Arcadia" was accompanied by a 14-page photo booklet of nude and mostly nude men frolicking on a beach (and followed up with a not-safe-for-work video debuting Thursday on Xtube).
In the show notes, Formichetti said the collection -- which he worked on with head menswear designer Romain Kremer -- was inspired by living in New York City (his current home) and Rome, where he grew up "with Baroque and classical architecture everywhere."
"It's a combination of the two things," he said. "There are surfers, footballers, porn stars and classical gods all rolled into one here."
(As for the short film, Formichetti envisions it as a "moving mood board," adding that since "fashion is always referencing pornography" he simply considers it "cutting out the middleman.")
His celebration of the "Olympian, heroic ideal" is first realized in warrior mode, with copper-colored, armor-like neck pieces and arm guards, followed by suit jackets halved across the diaphragm and again at the elbows, but held together by a sheer lining, some with drawstring cords, that evoked the look of articulated armor ( or as one observer wryly commented: "Janet Reno's career clothes.")
The barely-there bikini briefs from the booklet made an appearance on models otherwise wearing body glitter and accessorized by handfuls of clutched gold medallions emblazoned with the Mugler star logo.
Despite that, and other theatrical but impractical pieces (glitter shrugs, to name one), there were a lot of wearable pieces to be had, including ribbed knit raglan sweaters -- a few with ribbing and geometric padding details that were motocross-inspired but could just as easily have come from the "Tron: Legacy" wardobe department.
There was also a selection of athletic-looking technical outerwear pieces including a light, hooded nylon jacket with what looked like pen pockets at the left breast that looked sporty enough for an afternoon jog.
Colors throughout the collection ranged from stonewashed denim and pale purple to neon green (a color from the Thierry Mugler archive), almost chromatic overkill in an entire outfit, but a perfect punch of color for monkstrap shoes with silver latch-like closures.
-- Adam Tschorn, reporting from Paris
Paris Fashion Week: At Mugler, Lady Gaga steals the show
Paris Fashion Week: Mugler menswear is reborn, and Lady Gaga is the midwife
Photos, from top: Art director Nicola Formichetti, left, and collection designer Sebastien Teigne; looks from the Mugler spring/summer 2012 runway collection. Credit: Jacques Brinon / Associated Press.


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Thank you, I'd checked /var/log/kdm.log and find that the problem is my
ugly microsoft wireless blue mouse, that I will change today to fix the
Broughton, Derek wrote:
Franco Gorziglia wrote:The problem is that kdm try to start al the final of the boot process, but then a blank screen and return to the console login. Then, I can login as root, and type "#kdm" and kdm starts perfectly. I don'tCheck /var/log/kdm.log. In my case, with 2.4 kernels kdm would variously do exactly what you report, or (much worse) it would completely lock up, because it couldn't access my synaptics touch pad (mouse). In the case of the lockup, I put a command into the kdm startup script to kill X if it saw the synaptics error. KDM would automatically restart X, and the second time it would always work. Under 2.6, as long as I don't plug in my usb mouse until KDM has started, I'm fine. If I forget, it'll abort saying it can't find any core pointer device. Then I have to detach the usb mouse, rmmod all the mouse-related modules, modprobe psmouse (for the touch pad), start KDM, then insert the usb mouse. One of these days, I'll figure out what I need to do with modprobe.conf to get things installed in the right order - perhaps just compiling psmouse into the kernel will do the job. -- derek


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Immediate Family
About Sir James Leyburn, MP
- Sir James Leybourne1,2,3
- M, #80602, b. circa 1504
- Father Judge Thomas Leybourne, Esq.4 b. c 1470
- Mother Margaret Pennington4
- Sir James Leybourne was born circa 1504 at of Cunswick, Westmoreland, England.1 He married Eleanor Curwen, daughter of Sir Christopher Curwen, Sheriff of Cumberland and Margaret Bellingham, circa 1525; His 1st marriage.4 Sir James Leybourne married Helen Preston, daughter of Sir Thomas Preston and Anne Thornburgh, circa 1535.1,2,3
- Family 1 Eleanor Curwen b. c 1506
- Family 2 Helen Preston b. c 1510, d. c 14 Nov 1571
- Children
- Elizabeth Leybourne+1 b. c 1536, d. 4 Sep 1567
- Anne Leybourne5 b. c 1540, d. a Nov 1571
- Citations
- 1.[S11568] The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, by George Edward Cokayne, Vol. IX, p. 624.
- 2.[S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. I, p. 300-301.
- 3.[S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. I, p. 509.
- 4.[S8264] Unknown author, Visitations of Westmoreland, 1615, p. 26., p. 19.
- 5.[S11568] The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, by George Edward Cokayne, Vol. IX, p. 116-117.
- From: http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p2683.htm#i80602
- Sir James Leyburne1,2
- Last Edited=5 May 2010
- Sir James Leyburne married Helen Preston, daughter of Thomas Preston.3
- He lived at Conswyke, Westmorland, England.3 He lived at Cuswick, Westmorland, England. He was also known as Sir James Leybourne.3
- Children of Sir James Leyburne
- 1.Elizabeth Leyburne+1 d. 4 Sep 1567
- 2.Anne Leybourne+3
- Citations
- 1.[S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume I, page 255. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage.
- 2.[S2] Peter W. Hammond, editor, The Complete Peerage or a History of the House of Lords and All its Members From the Earliest Times, Volume XIV: Addenda & Corrigenda (Stroud, Gloucestershire, U.K.: Sutton Publishing, 1998), page 39. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage, Volume XIV.
- 3.[S37] BP2003 volume 1, page 1103. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37]
- From: http://www.thepeerage.com/p2998.htm#i29971
- Ellen CURWEN
- Born: ABT 1502
- Notes: some sources shows her as dau. of Thomas and Agnes Strickland.
- Father: Christopher CURWEN (Sir)
- Mother: Margaret BELLINGHAM
- Married: James LEYBOURNE (Sir Knight) (son of Thomas Leybourne and Margaret Pennington) ABT 1525, Cunswick Park, Kendal, Westmorland, England
- Children:
- 1. Nicholas LAYBOURNE (m. Elizabeth Warcop)
- 2. Catherine LAYBOURNE (m. Richard Duckett)
- From: http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/CURWEN.htm#Ellen CURWEN1
- LEYBURN, Sir James (by 1490-1548), of Cunswick, Westmld.
- b. by 1490, 1st s. of Thomas Leyburn of Cunswick by Margaret, da. of Sir John Pennington of Muncaster, Cumb. m. (1) by 1516, Eleanor, da. of Sir Thomas Curwen of Workington, Cumb., 2s. 2da.; (2) Helen, da. of Thomas Preston of Preston Patrick, Westmld. 3da. suc. fa. 5 Aug. 1510. Kntd. by Apr. 1532.2
- Offices Held
- Escheator, Cumb. and Westmld. Feb. 1518-19, Feb.-Nov. 1522; j.p. Westmld. 1524, 1525, liberty of Furness Lancs. 1538, northern circuit 1540; dep. steward, Kendal, Westmld. by Apr. 1532; commr. for survey of monasteries, Lancs. 1536.3
- Seemingly of Kentish origin, the Leyburn family had been settled since the 13th century in Westmorland, whence it had furnished a line of men prominent in the west march, a number of knights in medieval Parliaments, and in Roger Leyburn, bishop of Carlisle under Henry VII, an important figure in Church and State.4
- Succeeding to his patrimony at about the same time as he came of age, James Leyburn made steady progress as a local administrator and, from 1526, fee'd servant of the crown. Although then styled knight, he was probably not knighted until after November 1529; the honour may have come to him at the time he was made deputy steward of the barony of Kendal, which he had become by April 1532. Described in a Star Chamber suit of 1534 as 'of great power, blood and ally', Leyburn was linked with leading families in neighbouring shires and beyond. His mother was a Pennington and his first wife a Curwen, and he was related to the Caruses of Lancashire and the Lees of Cumberland; he was godfather to Thomas Carus and Thomas Lee I. It was, however, his kinsmen the Parrs of Kendal who were to be his chief patrons. He was an executor of the will of Sir Thomas Parr's widow Maud and his tenure of the deputy stewardship of Kendal brought him into close association with her son William Parr, the Parrs having held the stewardship for several generations. It also involved him in a clash with the 1st Earl of Cumberland who, as hereditary sheriff of Westmorland, claimed authority in the barony despite its status as a liberty and the King's order to him not to interfere in its affairs.5
- Leyburn was a regular correspondent of Cromwell. In 1536 he was appointed a commissioner for the survey of the monastic houses of Cartmel and Conishead and in October of that year his diligence in this service was noted by (Sir) Thomas Wharton I. By December, however, Leyburn had joined the northern rebels, albeit under duress—he may have been in particular danger through his connexion with the monastic visitor Thomas Lee. He was active in the re-ordering of affairs in Westmorland after the rebellion but was apparently still suspect at the end of 1537 when Lee wrote to Cromwell in his favour. Nevertheless, Leyburn remained a figure of importance in the north-west and in January 1542 he was returned as senior knight of the shire for Westmorland at a time when the Earl of Cumberland's influence had been weakened by quarrels with his local tenants and three years after Leyburn's kinsman had been created Baron Parr. In 1545 the senior seat went to Sir Ingram Clifford and Leyburn's junior place may have been due less to his own standing, enhanced by the leading part he had played at the battle of Solway Moss in November 1542, and to the influence of Parr, then Earl of Essex, than to that of Parr's sister Queen Catherine.6
- Leyburn made his will on 4 July and died on 20 Aug. 1548. He had recently acquired a 44-year lease of the Lancashire manors of Ashton, Carnforth and Scotforth from William Parr and this he left to his wife for 18 years with remainder to his younger son James. His three surviving daughters were each to have 200 marks. His elder son Nicholas, rising 32 when Leyburn's inquisition post mortem was taken in the following year, married a sister of Thomas Warcop and was the father of the James Leyburn who was executed as a Catholic traitor in 1583: Leyburn's descendants also included two distinguished 17th-century priests, George Leyburn, president of Douai, and John Leyburn, vicar apostolic. Leyburn's widow married Thomas, 2nd Lord Monteagle, whose son by a previous marriage, William Stanley, married Leyburn's daughter Anne. Another daughter Elizabeth married first Thomas, 4th Lord Dacre and then Thomas, 4th Duke of Norfolk.7
- Ref Volumes: 1509-1558
- Author: M. J. Taylor
- Notes
- 1. The christian name is missing from the return (C219/18B/105) but there can be no doubt of the Member's identity.
- 2. Date of birth estimated from age at fa.'s. i.p.m., E150/116/1. Trans. Cumb. and Westmld. Antiq. and Arch. Soc. x. 124; LP Hen. VIII, v.
- 3. LP Hen. VIII, iv, xiii, xv.
- 4. Trans. Cumb. and Westmld. Antiq. and Arch. Soc. x. 124 et passim; Nicolson and Burn, Westmld. and Cumb. 144-5.
- 5. Trans. Cumb. and Westmld. Antiq. and Arch. Soc. iii. 207; LP Hen. VIII, v-vii, ix, xii; Hamilton Pprs. ed. Bain, i. 308; M. E. James, Change and Continuity in Tudor North (Borthwick Pprs. xxvii), 10, 36-37; W. Farrer, Recs. Kendal, ed. Curwen, i. 58, 61-62, 75; ii. 63, 65-66, 232, 235, 257; iii. 42, 84; N. Country Wills, i (Surtees Soc. cxvi), 93; St.Ch.2/30/105; R. R. Reid, King's Council in the North, 9, 11, 43, 45, 78, 96, 124.
- 6. LP Hen. VIII, ix, xi-xv, xvii, xviii; Somerville, Duchy, i. 291; Hamilton Pprs. i. pp. lxxxi, lxxxviii.
- 7. Richmondshire Wills (Surtees Soc. xxvi), 67-68; E150/140/1; Farrer, i. 75
- From: http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/leyburn-sir-james-1490-1548
- DACRE, Sir Thomas (by 1527-66), of Naworth, Cumb.
- b. by 1527, 1st s. of William, 3rd Lord Dacre of Gilsland, by Elizabeth, da. of George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury; bro. of Francis† and Leonard. m. (1) Elizabeth, da. of Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland, s.p.; (2) by 1556, Elizabeth, da. of Sir James Leyburn of Cunswick, Westmld., 2s. 3da. Kntd. Sept. 1547; suc. fa. as 4th Lord Dacre 18 Nov. 1563.1
- From: http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/dacre-sir-thomas-1527-66
- STANLEY, Sir William (1528-81), of Hornby Castle, Lancs.
- b. 1528, 1st s. of Thomas Stanley, 2nd Lord Monteagle, by 1st w. Mary, da. of Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk. m. (1) Anne, da. of Sir James Leyburn of Cunswick, Westmld., 2da.; (2) by 15 Sept. 1575, Anne, da. of Sir John Spencer of Althorp, Northants. Kntd. 22 Feb. 1547; suc. fa. as 3rd Lord Monteagle 25 Aug. 1560.1
- From: http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/stanley-sir-william-1528-81
- Elizabeth Leyburne, Duchess of Norfolk (1536 – 4 September 1567), was a member of the English aristocracy. She first married Thomas Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre; following his death in 1566, she secretly married Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk.[1] She was his third wife.
- Elizabeth was born in 1536, the daughter of Sir James Leyburne of Cunswick, Westmorland and Helen Preston. The latter was the child of Thomas Preston and Anne Thornburgh. She had one sister, Anne, who married William Stanley, 3rd Baron Monteagle, by whom she had a daughter, Elizabeth.
- The members of the Leyburne (also written as Leybourne) family were recusants.
- She married her first husband, Thomas Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre of Gilsland in 1555. The marriage produced five children: .... etc.
- There was disagreement between Elizabeth and the Dacres as to her husband's will, which settled his lands on his son and brothers, limiting their inheritance to heirs male. Elizabeth allegedly felt aggrieved on behalf of her daughters, but according to her brother-in-law Leonard Dacre, Elizabeth herself received more 'than ever anye the wyves of the auncestors of the said Lorde Dacre had.'[3] When her husband died on 25 July 1566,[4] Elizabeth wasted no time in finding another. Six months later on 29 January 1567, she secretly married Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, a man who had already been married twice. The marriage ceremony was conducted in secrecy in the London home of her mother.[5] .... etc.
- From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Leyburne
- Links
- http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/lee-%28legh-leigh%29-thomas-i-1511-45
- http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1509-1558/member/warcop-thomas-1525-89
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Dacre,_4th_Baron_Dacre
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Howard,_Countess_of_Arundel
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Dacre,_5th_Baron_Dacre
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Sir James Leyburn, MP's Timeline
Cunswick Park,Westmoreland,,England
Age 24
Age 26
Cunswick, Westmoreland, England
Age 27
Cunswick, Westmorland, England
Age 70
Cunswick Park,Westmoreland,,England


text:
A system so good that Morrisons bought it twice
Supermarket group Morrisons has bought a database to store product information on its own-brand food range for a second time.
This Article Covers
Supermarket group Morrisons has bought a database to store product information on its own-brand food range for a second time.
Morrisons acquired the Creations product development system when it bought rival supermarket Safeway in March 2004. After completing the merger, Morrisons consolidated Safeway's IT systems on its own, scrapping Safeway's applications and relying solely on its own systems.
The future of blockchain
Read about how blockchain's inherent security makes it tamper-proof, and perfect for keeping and sharing records for transactions in many scenarios.
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Supermarkets use RedSky IT's Creations application to track individual ingredients through their supply chains. In the event of a food scare about a single ingredient, supermarkets can recall all products that contain the ingredient more quickly.
Morrisons' grocery director Andrew Pleasance said, "In the highly competitive and dynamic UK food retail market, bringing high-quality foods to market as quickly, safely and efficiently as possible is fundamentally important. Through increased efficiencies, we will have greater opportunity to bring innovative and exciting products to market more quickly."
More information on Creations at:
Enjoy the benefits of CW+ membership, learn more and join.


text:
Panels Put the Spotlight on Conflict in Sudan
Posted: November 8, 2004 at 1:00 am, Last Updated: November 30, -0001 at 12:00 am
Local and international experts will discuss the conflict in the Republic of the Sudan and the crisis in the western Sudanese state of Darfur in back-to-back events tomorrow. Both panel discussions will be held in the Johnson Center's Dewberry Hall. Sudan, the largest country in Africa, borders the Red Sea south of Egypt and north of Eritrea and Ethiopia.
From 10 a.m. to noon, the first panel will discuss "The North-South Conflict in Sudan and the Prospects for a Durable Peace—Security, Power-sharing, and Wealth-sharing" based on agreements between the Sudanese government and the Sudanese People's Liberation Movement (SPLM).
Mason's Hazel McFerson, associate professor, Public and International Affairs, will moderate the panel. Panelists are Steve Wondu, ambassador and representative of the SPLM to the United States; Jeni Klugman, lead economist on Sudan for the World Bank; Sarah Newhall, president and CEO, Pact International, Washington, D.C.; and Terrence Lyons, assistant professor, Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution (ICAR), George Mason. Provost Peter Stearns will give the welcoming address.
In the afternoon, from 2 to 4 p.m., the second panel will focus on "The Crisis in Darfur, Western Sudan." Joe Madison of WOL-AM radio and coordinator of the Sudan Campaign, Washington, D.C., will moderate the discussion. Panelists include Lyons; Rahim Sabir, United Nations specialist on Darfur; and members of the Africa Working Group at ICAR.
The events are sponsored by the Office of the Provost, ICAR, and the Department of Public and International Affairs. Light refreshments will be served at both sessions. For further information, contact McFerson at 703-993-2961 or email@example.com.


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Julie - posted on 11/28/2008 ( 27 moms have responded )
I have a June 2004 boy - I'm getting so much mixed advice about holding him back. I wasn't planning on it - my daughter is in kindergarten now and I like the idea of the two being only 1 year apart in school. any advice?