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I just tought of one more. What is the plural form of shit? Yes! A piece of shit. So, "that is bull shit" wouldn't need an "a" in it. Since it is shit in the plural form. Or am I completely wrong here? And of course it is shortened from "(a load) of bullshit" or any other modified to the uncountable noun.
Could perhaps the "I don't give a shit" use the word "shit" in the verb form rather than the noun? As in "make a run for it". Just MHO.
Motive = "motive for doing" (specific)
Motivation = "motivation in doing" (general)
IMHO, Limey put it nicely! Merge is speaking more about the connotations of the words, insightful stuff but not related to the quesition I think.
I suspect the reason why some words avoided the standard plural "s" is that they came into English from other languages, or that they were never actually used in the plural form, or mainly that they are already a plural word, and it is actually the singular that is different:
Cattle already means a herd of animal. There can really be no such thing as a singular cattle. Then it becomes a head of cattle, or a cow or whatever. Sheep for the same reason, or fish.
"Jim! Take two heads to the western pasture and wait for the rest of us to catch up!" (A wild west quote perhaps?)
Although I suspect that 90% of all English users say "Fishes"... (users, not only British people and speakers of Oxford English!).
But doubtlessly, there are others who know more about this than I, so speak up!


text: Assessing body composition before and after resistance or endurance trainingBROEDER, CRAIG E.; BURRHUS, KEITH A.; SVANEVIK, LARS S.; VOLPE, JOSEPH; WILMORE, JACK H.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise: May 1997 - Volume 29 - Issue 5 - p 705-712 Special Communications: Methods Abstract Author Information Article Outline This study's purpose was to determine the validity of near-infrared interactance (NIR) and bioelectric impedance (BIA) in tracking changes in body composition over 12 wk of either a high intensity endurance (ET) or resistance(RT) training program in nondieting weight-stable untrained males. Prior to and following the control or training period, each subject completed a series of body composition analyses including hydrostatic weighing (HW) with a measurement of residual volume; anthropometric measurements including height, weight, skinfold, and girth; BIA measurement; and NIR measurements. Based on the HW results, there were no significant body composition changes in the control group. For the ET group, a significant decline in relative body fat resulted from a reduction in fat weight (FW) with no change in fat-free weight(FFW). In the RT group, both a significant decline in FW and an increase in FFW contributed to this group's decline in relative body fat. Tracking changes in relative body fat, FW, and FFW, skinfolds agreed reasonably well with HW in all groups while BIA and NIR did not always track body composition changes well. For example, SF and BIA were significantly correlated with the changes in FFW (HW = + 4.1%, SF = + 4.5%, BIA = + 3.1%, NIR = - 0.7%) observed in the RT group compared to HW (SF: r-value = 0.45, SEE = 2.5; BIA: r = 0.33, SEE = 3.4) while the NIR measurements were nonsignificant (r = 0.09, SEE = 5.0). Interestingly, NIR underestimated the gain in FFW in the resistance trained group while BIA underestimated the changes in relative body fat, FW, and FFW in the endurance trained group. Based on these results, BIA and NIR appear not to be appropriate measurement tools for tracking body composition changes in endurance and resistance training individuals respectively. The Human Performance Laboratory, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614-70654; The Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712 Submitted for publication March 1995. Accepted for publication January 1997. The authors would like to thank our volunteers for their dedication and quality training efforts on this project. This work was supported by a grant from the Canyon Ranch Foundation. Address for correspondence: Craig E. Broeder, Ph.D., East Tennessee State University, The Human Performance Lab, Box 70654, Johnson City, TN 37614-0654. Abstract METHODS Subject Recruitment and Treatment Group Descriptions Pre- and Post-Treatment Measurements Body Composition Analysis Training Program Statistical Analysis RESULTS DISCUSSION REFERENCES Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and near-infrared interactance (NIR) are two body composition assessment techniques used today in a variety of settings (e.g., hospitals, wellness fairs, and local health clubs). These techniques are very portable, easy to use, and reduce the overall time of assessing relative body fat in the general public. Previous studies have investigated the use of BIA in determining a person's body composition profile (10,14,18,24). The results of these studies are sometimes conflicting regarding the accuracy of BIA for predicting fat-free weight and relative body fat. However, when measurement techniques are carefully standardized, both fat-free weight and relative body fat can be consistently measured with SEEs ranging between 2.1% and 2.7% (12). Data from a limited number of validation studies on the NIR body composition assessment technique show results that are not very encouraging. For example, Davis et al. (3) and Davis and Paynter(4) reported excellent reliability and good validity using a Futrex-5000 NIR device. However, data were limited to only those subjects whose Futrex-computed relative body fat agreed with other previously validated methods, severely biasing the final statistical comparisons. In contrast, other investigators have reported Futrex-computed relative body fat estimates to be inaccurate in either healthy male and female Caucasians(8,15,20) or in overweight and obese subjects (24). In many health club or hospital based fitness facilities, BIA or NIR assessment techniques are used in determining the effects of an exercise based training program on a person's body composition profile. However, studies have not clearly determined if BIA or NIR can accurately detect subtle changes in body composition following training. Thus, this study's purpose was to determine the validity of NIR and BIA in tracking changes in body composition before and after 12 wk of either a high intensity endurance or resistance training program in nondieting weight-stable males. Back to Top | Article Outline METHODS Subject Recruitment and Treatment Group Descriptions Sixty-four male volunteers (ages 18-35 yr) were recruited from the student population at The University of Texas at Austin and from the surrounding community. All methods and procedures had been previously approved by the Institutional Review Board at The University of Texas at Austin. All subjects read and signed the subject consent form and completed a medical history form prior to the start of the study. No subject had any significant change in body weight over the 6-month period prior to the start of the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a control group (C, N = 20); a resistance-trained group (RT, N = 22); and an endurance-trained group (ET, N = 22) for a 12-wk intervention period. Of these 64 original volunteers, 23 subjects are not included in the final data analysis making the total sample size 41 subjects (c, N = 15; rt; N = 12; et, N = 14). Of those 23 subjects not included in the final analysis, 14 subjects dropped out because of lack of time and/or commitment to the program and three subjects dropped out as a result of injury. The remaining six subjects were not included in the data set because of technical problems with the Futrex-5000 NIR device. Back to Top | Article Outline Pre- and Post-Treatment Measurements Prior to and following the control or training period, each subject completed a series of body composition analyses including hydrostatic weighing(HW) with a measurement of residual volume; anthropometric measurements including height, weight, skinfold, and girth; BIA using the Valhalla 1990B Bio-Resistance Body Composition Analyzer (Valhalla Scientific, San Diego, CA); and NIR using the Futrex-5000 device (Futrex, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD). In addition, each subject completed two graded treadmill tests to determine˙VO2max, two one-repetition maximum (1-RM) strength tests for six different lifts, and a 3-d dietary and activity log prior to and following the control or training period. Back to Top | Article Outline Body Composition Analysis To minimize measurement error, all subjects were measured by the same investigator for each assessment technique prior to and following either the control or treatment periods (JHW, anthropometric measurements and NIR; LS, BIA; JV, residual volume (RV); and CEB, HW). All subjects were measured at the same time of day during both the pre- and post-treatment measurements, with each subject abstaining from exercise 48 h prior to testing. Subjects were also encouraged to stay well hydrated (i.e., drink an 8-ounce glass of water 2 h prior to testing) and to completely fast thereafter before each body composition assessment session. Hydrostatic weighing to determine body density was performed as described by Behnke and Wilmore (1). Relative body fat was calculated using the equation of Siri (19) for Caucasians and Schutte et al. for blacks (17). Residual lung volume was determined using the O2 dilution method according to Wilmore et al. (23). Anthropometric measurements included height to the nearest 0.1 cm; weight to the nearest 0.01 kg; skinfold measurements at the subscapular, triceps, chest, medial suprailiac, anterior-suprailiac, abdomen, and thigh to the nearest 0.1 mm; and circumferences at the neck, chest, upper arm, forearm, waist, hip, thigh, and calf to the nearest 0.1 cm. All anthropometric measurements were taken in duplicate according to Lohman et al.(13). Body mass index was calculated from height and weight (BMI = wt(kg)/ht(m) 2). Skinfold measurements were taken in duplicate. If the difference between two trials exceeded 1.0 mm, a third trial was performed and the closest two trials were averaged. Body density was then determined using the sum of seven-site equation by Jackson and Pollock (9). Relative body fat was calculated as previously described in the hydrostatic weighing procedures. The BIA instrument was calibrated before each testing session as described by the manufacturer. Electrode placement was standardized according the manufacturer's guidelines. All subjects were tested in the supine position following a 5-min rest period. Resistance values were then used in the following gender specific equation provided by the manufacturer(21): Equation All near infrared procedures were standardized according to the manufacturer's instructions (6). Each subject's relative body fat was determined by a multiple regression equation using sex, weight, height, and daily physical activity level (F.I.T.). Each subject's planned daily physical activity level was determined using the F.I.T. equation by self assessment of exercise frequency (F), intensity (I), and minutes of activity(T). Using the numerical F.I.T. value, scores were converted to a final score for the physical activity component of the multiple regression equation (SeeTable 1). Back to Top | Article Outline Training Program After completing all pre-treatment tests, each subject participated for 12 wk in either the control, resistance, or endurance training treatment protocol. Control group subjects were instructed not to change either their activity or dietary habits during the 12-wk interim period between pre- and post-measurements. A more detailed explanation of each respective training regiment, as well as the protocols for the determination of ˙VO2max and each subject's 1-repetition maximum lifts, have been published(2). Resistance-trained group. Each subject in the resistance-trained group participated in a 12-wk training program specifically designed to increase strength and fat-free mass. Each subject performed heavy resistance training (80% of each subject's one-repetition maximum lift for each exercise movement) with a combination of free weights and various accommodating resistance machines, 4 d·wk-1 (i.e., Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday). The strength-training program included the following exercise movements: bench press, parallel dip, and behind-the-neck press, upright rows, triceps press-down, leg press, leg extension, leg curl, lat pushdown, barbell curl, and abdominal crunch. These exercises were divided into six movements per training day and took approximately 1 h. Upper body exercises were performed on Monday and Thursday while lower body exercises were performed on Tuesday and Friday. Abdominal crunches were performed at the end of every workout day. For safety while performing free weight exercises, subjects were divided into groups so that each person lifting had at least one spotter. During the first 2 wk of the resistance training program, subjects performed 10-12 repetitions per set, three sets per exercise movement after a brief stretching and warm-up period. The resistance was set on each exercise so that subjects became fatigued between 10 and 12 repetitions. This 2-wk period was designed to prepare subjects for the remaining 10 wk of the program. During the next 10 wk upper and lower body exercises were performed with the weight established on each set so that failure to lift the weight occurred between 10 and 12 repetitions on the first set, 8 and 10 repetitions on the second set, and 6 and 8 repetitions on the third set. Resistance was increased for each exercise movement during the program based on the number of repetitions required to promote fatigue in each subject. Abdominal crunches were performed for one set until failure or until the subject reached 50 repetitions. When a subject could do 50 repetitions of the abdominal crunch, weight was added by having the subject hold a 2.27-11.33-kg weight over his chest while performing each crunch. Endurance trained group. Each subject in the endurance-trained group participated in a walk and/or jog program 4 d·wk-1 (i.e., Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday) for 12 wk. All exercise training sessions were monitored by a trained exercise leader, and each subject was instructed to gradually increase his exercise duration and intensity so that a new training goal was reached every 4 wk. By the end of the fourth week, subjects were exercising for 40 min at a minimum intensity of 75% of treadmill determined maximal heart rate. After the eighth wk, each person was exercising for 50 min at an intensity of between 75 and 85% of his maximal heart rate. In weeks 8-12, subjects also included in their regimen fartlek-type interval training, (i.e., duration between 2 to 5 min) at > 90% of their respective maximal heart rates. To accurately determine that each subject maintained a predetermined target heart rate, the subject periodically wore a telemetric heart rate monitoring system developed by CIC Inc. (Port Washington, NY). The determination of each subject's initial target heart rate was estimated from a linear regression model using steady-state oxygen consumption and heart rate values achieved during each stage of the pre-test determination of maximal oxygen consumption. This procedure allowed the endurance program exercise leaders to establish safe and effective cardiovascular training prescriptions for these previously untrained subjects. For both training groups make-up sessions were on Wednesday and Saturday. Back to Top | Article Outline Statistical Analysis An ANOVA, with repeated measures design (treatment group × time), was used to determine the effects of each 12-wk training and control period on body composition for the hydrostatic weighing results. When there was a significant difference between groups or between pre- to post-measurements, a multiple-comparison post hoc procedure was used for orthogonal comparisons with the P-level set at ≤ 0.05 and. The delta values were analyzed using a two-way repeated measure factorial analysis (treatment group × measurement procedure as the repeated measure). When significant ANOVA differences were identified, orthogonal post hoc multiple comparisons were used to identify specific differences. Regression analysis was used for determining how well each body composition assessment technique followed changes in FW and FFW after each respective treatment intervention. All statistical calculations were performed using SuperANOVA and Statview 512+ by Abacus Concepts, Inc. (Calabasa, CA). Back to Top | Article Outline RESULTS The initial physical characteristics of the subjects are presented inTable 2. There were no statistical differences among groups for any of the listed variables prior to the control or training periods. ˙VO2max significantly increased 11.2% in the ET group while the RT and C groups did not significantly change after respective treatments. In contrast, only the RT trained group significantly increased following training on the 1-RM trials (21.6%). A detailed description of the training results for ˙VO2max and strength changes in the endurance and resistance trained groups has been published (2). Following the 12-wk intervention period, only the ET and RT groups showed changes in body composition. Based on the hydrostatic weighing results, there were no significant body composition changes in the control group following the 12-wk period of normal activity. In contrast, both the ET and RT groups showed a significant decline in relative body fat following training(Table 3). For the ET group, the significant decline in relative body fat resulted from a significant reduction in total body fat with no change in fat-free weight. In the RT group, as expected by the training program designed, both a significant decline in total fat weight and an increase in fat-free weight contributed to this group's decline in relative body fat. Fat-free weight significantly increased 4.1% from pre-training values. The linear regression analyses for all subjects, showing the relationship between the hydrostatic weighing relative body fat value and the value determined by skinfold, BIA, and NIR methods are shown inTable 4. The results indicate that the skinfold measurements had the highest correlation coefficient and smallest SEE compared with the hydrostatic weighing results for both the pre- and post-treatment measurements. During the pre-treatment period, BIA was a stronger predictor of relative body fat than the NIR technique. In contrast, following the 12-wk treatment period, BIA and NIR showed a similar relationship with hydrostatic weighing while NIR had the smaller SEE. It is important to note that the BIA SEE were large (± 4.5 and ± 4.3 for the pre- and post-treatment periods, respectively). The repeated measures ANOVA and multiple-comparison post hoc results indicated that both the Jackson and Pollock skinfold equation and NIR assessment technique (9) significantly underestimated relative body fat when compared with hydrostatic weighing during both the pre- and post-treatment periods for all subjects combined. For the BIA assessment technique, there were no significant differences found during either the pre- or post-treatment periods for relative body fat when compared with hydrostatic weighing (Table 4). It is important to note that while the entire group mean for BIA was not significantly different from HW, for specific individuals the technique was not an accurate measure of relative body fat. For example, BIA consistantly underestimated one subject's relative body fat during his pre- and post-treatment measurements from the endurance training group. For this individual, in absolute terms BIA underestimated relative body fat 13.2% and 10.4% for the pre-and post-treatment, respectively. For these absolute differences, relative body fat was underestimated 51% and 43% in relative terms for the pre- and post-treatment periods, respectively. Similar individual differences were also observed in NIR measurements. In regard to tracking changes in relative body fat, FW and FFW, the SF-derived values agreed reasonably well with HW. However, BIA and NIR did not always track these body composition parameters well in the specific training groups and significant differences were found compared with the HW results. For example, when pre- to post-treatment FFW values from the resistance trained group (Fig. 1, Table 5) were used, no significant differences were observed between the changes measured by hydrostatic weighing, skinfolds, and BIA. (4.1%,4.5%, and 3.1%, respectively). In addition, regression analyses indicated that the SF and BIA FFW delta values (change in FFW after each respective 12-wk treatment) were significantly correlated with the hydrostatic weighing FFW delta value for the RT group (SF: r = 0.45, SEE = 2.5, P < 0.05; BIA: r = 0.33, SEE = 3.4, P < 0.05). In contrast, the NIR delta value was not significantly correlated with the HW delta value. In addition, the change observed in FFW following training was significantly less using NIR than the other methods. In fact, according to the NIR technique, FFW significantly declined 0.47 kg in absolute terms following the 12-wk resistance training program. As a result, the change in relative body fat measured using NIR was in the positive direction (0.7%), while the other techniques showed relative body fat was lower following resistance training. NIR measurements also indicated that the control subjects had a significant decline in relative body fat while the other procedures indicated no significant change in body composition over the 12-wk treatment period. On the other hand, BIA agreed reasonably well with the HW measurements in detecting changes in body composition in the resistance trained group and the lack of changes in the control group. However, BIA was significantly different from each of the other assessment techniques in determining changes in relative body fat, FW, and FFW in the endurance trained group. Following endurance training, BIA underestimated the changes in relative body fat (BIA =- 0.4%; HW = -1.9%). Consequently, both FW and FFW declined 0.51 kg and 0.50 kg, respectively, according to the BIA measurements, while the HW measurements indicated that FW decreased 1.66 kg and FFW increased 0.66 kg. Back to Top | Article Outline DISCUSSION The purpose of this study was to determine how well SF, BIA, and NIR assessment techniques detected subtle changes in relative body fat, FW, and FFW following either a high intensity resistance or endurance training program when compared with hydrostatic weighing. The body composition changes according to the hydrostatic weighing results in the control, endurance, and resistance trained groups were as expected based on each treatment protocol. There were no significant changes in the control group while both exercise groups showed significant declines in relative body fat. Exercise resulted in maintenance of FFW in the endurance trained group, while FFW increased significantly in the resistance trained group. Regarding the ability of SF, BIA, and NIR to track body composition changes following exercise training, the SF technique resulted in similar changes in FW and FFW when compared with the hydrostatic weighing. In contrast, BIA and NIR were not always able to detect the body composition changes induced by training. For example, NIR measurements were unable to detect the significant increase in FFW that occurred in the resistance trained group. Eckerson et al.(5) found that following 12 wk of resistance training, NIR showed statistically significant but low correlations with FFW changes determined by hydrostatic weighing in 21 college-aged Caucasian males. In the current study, while HW, SF, and BIA detected a similar FFW increase for the resistance trained group of 2.5 kg, 2.9 kg, and 2.0 kg, respectively, the disparity between FFW estimates by NIR and HW were very apparent. In contrast to the HW results, FFW significantly decreased 0.5 kg according to the NIR results. Collectively, the results of the Eckerson et al.(5) and the current study suggest that NIR using the Futrex 5000 may not be a sensitive technique for determining FFW changes in an individual involved in resistance training. In addition, NIR measurements showed a significant decline in relative body fat and FW with a corresponding increase in FFW in the control group which was not in agreement with any of the other techniques used. In contrast, NIR assessment was able to detect the magnitude of changes in body composition in the endurance trained group, while BIA showed significantly lower relative body fat and FW changes following training compared with the hydrostatic weighing. It is important to note that when HW density is used with a two-compartment model, the noted increase in FFW is often underestimated. However, a recent study by Nelson et al. (16) showed that 24-hr urinary creatinine, regional CAT scan, hydrostatic weighing, total body water, and whole-body potassium counting were all sensitive measures for detecting small significant changes in FFM when subjects remained weight stable between pre-treatment and post-treatment measurements. In this comprehensive study specifically designed to determined which body composition techniques could detect changes in soft tissue after resistance training in older women best, a 3.3% (1.3 kg) increase in FFM was observed and detected well by hydrostatic weighing. These findings are very similar to the present study in which the resistance trained group increased their FFW by approximately 3.0% (2.5 kg) according to hydrostatic weighing with no significant changes in body weight. Thus, it appears that HW is a valid method for determining small but significant changes in FFW in weight-stable individuals as in the present study. Still, others have suggested that the inclusion of total-body water with total-body density from hydrostatic weighing in a three-compartment body composition model provides the best sensitivity to small changes in FFW(7). What factors prevent NIR body composition analyses from being a valid body composition assessment tool? One major potential source of error appears to be the inability of a subject to accurately estimate activity level using the F.I.T. equation provided by the manufacturer. Wilmore et al.(24) clearly showed that the F.I.T. self-estimation of activity level could lead to large errors in relative body fat, FW, and FFW estimates by NIR. In fact, according to them, body fat estimates can be over-or underestimated two-fold from the true value because of errors in activity level reporting. In the Wilmore et al. study(24), of all the variables used in the multiple regression equation for NIR measurement procedures, replication of a person's self-assessed activity level showed the lowest correlation between trials 1 and 2 (r = 0.73). Specifically, exercise intensity was the most difficult of the variables to replicate. Their subjects found it difficult to determine their true activity level because of problems associated with estimating walking or jogging pace, or activities like resistance training which was not included as an activity choice. In addition, it is possible that following resistance training more than one measurement site is needed to accurately detect FFW changes which cannot be detected by a bicep measurement. Measuring only at the biceps certainly is not a true representation of total body FFW changes resulting from increases in total body skeletal muscle mass that can accompany high intensity resistance training. However, previous research has shown that NIR multiple site measurements do not improve the accuracy of the technique in assessing body composition and therefore would most likely have little value in tracking FFW changes that can occur during resistance training(15). In regard to the BIA underestimations of relative body fat, FW, and FFW changes following endurance training, increases in total body water may have played a role in this group of subjects. One of the most important adaptations that occurs with endurance training is an increase in plasma volume increasing stroke volume and thus cardiac output. Previous studies have shown that BIA is affected greatly by changes in hydration status and that overhydrating a person while in the resting state results in an overestimation of a person's true relative body fat and FW levels (12). In an ongoing study in our laboratory investigating the effects of electrolyte solutions on BIA measurements (M. Saunders, manuscript in review) overhydration with distilled water or an electrolyte solution increased BIA relative body fat values 26.5% and 17.0%, respectively, compared with pre-treatment normally hydrated values. Since the subjects in the current study did show a significant increase in their aerobic fitness level (11.2%) and training occurred in a hot climate, it is safe to assume that increases in plasma volume, total body water, and electrolyte changes may have affected the BIA measurements, leading to an underestimation of the amount of FW lost and FFW gained following endurance training. These results indicate that besides standardizing fluid intake before each BIA measurement, a correction factor may be needed to account for changes in body fluid content following endurance training activities in longitudinal type studies. Several studies have shown that NIR has the largest total error (4.2%) and random error (8.4%) when compared with BIA, SF, and HW(20,22). The results of the current study agree well with these findings. Prior to starting the training program, the NIR had the lowest correlation value when compared with HW (r = 0.53). Interestingly, following the 12 wk of each respective treatment, the correlation between NIR and HW significantly improved and compared favorably with the other assessment techniques. In fact, the SEE decreased pre-treatment to post-treatment from 4.4% to 2.5%, respectively. The NIR pre-treatment SEE was similar to that reported by others (8,24) while the post-treatment SEE is the lowest reported value to date. The NIR correlation value compared with HW for relative body fat during the pre-treatment was also low compared with previous studies (3,4,11,24) while the post-treatment value is similar to the Wilmore et al. study(24) but lower than other studies(3,4,11). One explanation for the improved correlation and reduced SEE between HW and NIR during the post-treatment measurement may be related to the subject's training experience. At the start of the study, all subjects were sedentary and had little or no experience rating exercise intensity. After 12 wk of formal exercise with a trained exercise leader, each subject was more likely to accurately rate his exercise intensity level. Thus, reducing the overall measurement error related to each subject's self report of exercise intensity in the NIR measurement. In conclusion, SF measurements were able to track subtle changes in body composition following 12 wk of either ET or RT. However, the SF measurements, using the Jackson and Pollock equation (9), underpredicted each group's relative body fat when compared with HW. Use of the NIR device for assessing body composition changes after resistance training programs is not appropriate. The potential for inaccurate results regarding the determination of changes in body composition following extended exercise training periods is high. The NIR procedure using a single bicep measurement is not an accurate method for assessing FFW changes that accompany high intensity resistance training. As previous research has suggested(24), strong consideration should be given to delete or modify the activity pattern scales used in the current NIR multiple regression equation. Finally, BIA impedance measurement may not be a valid method for assessing changes in body composition when individuals make significant changes in plasma volume and/or total body water stores. Further research is needed to determine what effects plasma volume changes might have on the validity of BIA body composition assessment. Based on these findings, professionals assessing body composition with NIR and BIA for longitudinal purposes must understand the limitations of these devices and carefully standardize all pre-testing and testing procedures to minimize test error. When possible, skinfold measurements should also be used to help determine body composition changes following extended periods of weight loss and/or exercise training programs. Figure 1-Correlations and SEEs for the fat-free weight deltas following 12 wk of resistance training. UW, underwater weighing; SF, skinfolds; BIA, bioelectric impedance; NIR, near-infrared interactance; NS, nonsignificant. ¥, significantly different from underwater weighing results. †, significantly different from skinfold and bioelectric impedance results. Back to Top | Article Outline REFERENCES1. Behnke, A. R. and J. H. Wilmore. Evaluation And Regulation Of Body Build And Composition. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1974. Cited Here... 2. Broeder, C. E., K. A. Burrhus, L. S. Svanevik, and J. H. Wilmore. The effects of either high-intensity resistance or endurance training on resting metabolic rate. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 55:802-810, 1992. Cited Here... | PubMed 3. Davis, P. O., C. O. Dotson, and P. D. Manny. NIR evaluation for body composition analysis (Abstract). Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 20(Suppl):8, 1988. Cited Here... 4. Davis, P. O. and L. Paynter. Evaluation of a Commercial Near-Infrared Instrument for Body Composition Analysis. Falls Creek: Human Performance Centers, 1987. Cited Here... 5. Eckerson, J., J. Stout, T. Housh, and G. Johnson. Validity of skinfold, bioelectrical impedance, and near-infrared interactance equations for assessing changes in fat-free weight (Abstract). Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 25(Suppl):59, 1993. Cited Here... 6. Futrex. Futrex-5000 users manual. Gaithersburg, MD: Futrex, Inc., 1987. Cited Here... 7. Goran, M. I. and E. T. Poehlman. 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Lohman, T. G. Advances in Body Composition Assessment (Monograph Number 3). Champaign: Human Kinetics Publishers, 1992. Cited Here... 13. Lohman, T. G., A. F. Roche, and R. Martorell.Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual. Champaign: Human Kinetics Books, 1988. Cited Here... 14. Lukaski, H. C. Methods for the assessment of human body composition: tradional and new. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 46:537-556, 1987. Cited Here... | PubMed 15. McLean, K. P. and J. S. Skinner. Validity of Futrex-5000 for body composition determination. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 24:253-258, 1992. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 16. Nelson, M. E., M. A. Fiatarone, J. E. Layne, et al. Analysis of body-composition techniques and models for detecting change in soft tissue with strength training. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 63:678-686, 1996. Cited Here... | PubMed 17. Schutte, J. E., E. J. Townsend, J. Hugg, R. F. Shoup, R. M. Malina, and C. G. Blomqvist. Density of lean body mass is greater in blacks than in whites. J. Appl. Physiol. 56:1647-1649, 1984. Cited Here... | PubMed 18. Segal, K. R., B. Gutin, E. Presta, J. Wang, and T. B. Van Itallie. Estimation of human body composition by electrical impedance methods: a comparative study. J. Appl. Physiol. 58:1565-1571, 1985. Cited Here... | PubMed 19. Siri, W. E. Body composition from fluid spaces and density. In: Techniques For Measuring Body Composition, J. Brozek and A. Henschel (Eds.). Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences National Research Council, 1961. Cited Here... 20. Stout, J. R., J. M. Erikson, T. J. Housh, G. O. Johnson, and N. M. Betts. Validity of percent body fat estimations in males.Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 26:632-636, 1994. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 21. Valhalla, I. 1990A. Bio-Resistance Body Composition Analyzer Operation Manual. San Diego: Valhalla Scientific, 1986. Cited Here... 22. Vehrs, P. R., J. D. George, C. Payne, J. Peugnet, G. R. Bryce, G. W. Fellingham, and A. G. Fisher. Reliability of four methods of body composition assessment. Med. Exerc. Nutr. Health 3:2-8, 1994. Cited Here... 23. Wilmore, J. H., P. A. Vodak, R. B. Parr, R. N. Girandola, and J. E. Billing. Further simplification of a method for determination of residual lung volume. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 12:216-218, 1980. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 24. Wilmore, K. M., P. J. McBride, and J. H. Wilmore. Comparison of bioelectric impedance and near-infrared interactance for body composition assessment in a population of self-perceived over-weight adults.Int. J. Obes. 1994:375-381, 1994. Cited Here... | PubMed Keywords:HYDROSTATIC WEIGHING; SKINFOLDS; NEAR-INFRARED INTERACTANCE; BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ©1997The American College of Sports Medicine Article Outline Abstract METHODS Subject Recruitment and Treatment Group Descripti... Pre- and Post-Treatment Measurements Body Composition Analysis Training Program Statistical Analysis RESULTS DISCUSSION REFERENCES Source Assessing body composition before and after resistance or endurance training Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise29(5):705-712, May 1997. Full-Size Email + Favorites Export View in Gallery Email to a Colleague Colleague's E-mail is Invalid Your Name: (optional) Your Email: Colleague's Email: Separate multiple e-mails with a (;). Message: Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw at Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Send a copy to your email Your message has been successfully sent to your colleague. Some error has occurred while processing your request. Please try after some time. Email to a Colleague Colleague's E-mail is Invalid Your Name: (optional) Your Email: Colleague's Email: Separate multiple e-mails with a (;). Message: Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw at Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 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subset: commoncrawl


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"I have a collection in my bowel, due to a perforation of my bowel 3 yrs ago. I cannot stop passing urine and it burns so much, I had a cystoscopy That is when they found this collection. I have had a camera in my bladder to have a biops..."
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BJP spending more time in criticising Congress: MP
New Delhi, March 15 (IANS) The BJP is spending more time criticising the Congress than in governing the country, Congress MP Bhalchandra Mungekar said on Tuesday as the Rajya Sabha took up the debate on the general budget.
Mungekar said it is being propagated that Congress rule was the darkest period for India, adding that even former prime minister and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) veteran Atal Bihari Vajpayee never took this line.
"BJP government is wasting more time in criticising Congress than governing this country. I request the BJP government to get rid of this hatred for Congress party. Let us treat each other as respectable political opponents," Mungekar said.
"Congress fortunately for this country is so deeply rooted… that one unfavourable election result of 2014 cannot uproot the Congress," he said.
The Congress MP, who specialises in agricultural economics, also said that dismantling the Planning Commission was a wrong decision.
"Immediately after coming to power the BJP government has made a blunder by abolishing the Planning Commission," he said.
The Planning Commission, or Yojana Aayog was replaced by Niti Aayog after the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance government came to power in 2014.


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Apple's litigation with Samsung is truly a global affair that spans 3 continents and a multitude of countries. But if we zero in on where most of the action is taking place, we're whisked away to the US District Court in North California where Apple and Samsung are currently engaged in a legal battle wherein Apple seeks a preliminary injunction that would prevent upcoming Samsung tablets and smartphones from hitting the market.
In the fast moving world of technology, today's hot ticket item can easily become yesterday's news in the blink of an eye. This isn't lost on Apple as the company last week filed a motion seeking an expedited trial with Samsung claiming that if the Court waits too long to get this show on the road, Apple will suffer irreparable harm.
Let's dive into Apple's motion, shall we?
Apple comes out swinging and reminds the Court that Samsung itself has previously stated that the mobile devices at issue "have a shelf life of six months to a year max." Curiously, though, Samsung at the same time asserts that time is not of the essence in the current proceeding.
In short, Apple accuses Samsung of attempting to delay the current litigation so that the very nature of the dispute will become moot as the devices at issue will have already seen their most popular days behind them. From there, Samsung will simply release a new set of infringing products and go through the same song and dance, staying one step ahead of Apple and the legal system.
On the complete opposite end of the spectrum, Samsung believes a trial on the patents at issue should commence in two years time because they need enough time to prepare for a case with 20 utility patents at issue. Apple scoffs at Samsung's reasoning and points out that it was "Samsung that artificially inflated the scope of this case by interposing 12 more utility patents" via its countersuit in a blatant attempt to slow down the process. Indeed, Apple contends that the 12 patents asserted by Samsung should be considered separately from the patents Apple asserts and subsequently dealt with on a completely separate time table.
Delving into why an expedited trial is necessary, Apple writes:
As Samsung's counsel noted, product cycles in the markets in which Apple and Samsung products compete are incredibly short. Because of that rapid pace, justice delayed truly is justice denied. Without rapid adjudication of its claims, Apple's hard-earned intellectual property is devalued, Apple's iconic products may lose distinctiveness, Samsung's imitation products flourish, and the creativity that so infuses Apple's product design is misappropriated.
Apple contents that its motion for an expedited trial should be granted for the same reason its motion for expedited discovery was granted – namely that one can reasonably prove that Samsung's products are designed to copy Apple's and that Apple will suffer irreparable harm in the form of lost market share and consumer good will if the motion is not granted.
In a display of logical ineptitude, Samsung counters that Apple is not at risk to suffer irreparable harm. Samsung argues that Apple provided no evidence of a nexus between an increase in Samsung's smartphone marketshare and a decrease in Apple's. Pushing the envelope even further, Samsung claims that it's products are succeeding in the marketplace on account of their merits, and points out bigger and better screens and faster download times as examples.
Copying Apple's hardware and software design? Nah, that surely can't be an important part of Samsung's success.
Apple subsequently takes Samsung to task for its tenuous argument.
Samsung's argument makes no sense. Samsung's sale of the accused products has indisputably enabled Samsung to take market share from Apple. There is a direct nexus between Samsung's sale of the accused products and the resulting changes in market share. Apple's evidence that Samsung has copied Apple's intellectual property is in no way rebutted by the screen size or download speeds of Samsung's products, which are features that have no relevance to Apple's claims. If Samsung is selling infringing products, Apple is entitled to an injunction prohibiting such sales. Samsung cannot avoid an injunction on the ground that its products are allegedly "better" in other irrelevant respects.
Apple further argues that it will suffer directly if Samsung can continue to release Apple look-alike products for a lengthy period of time. Compounding Apple's predicament, Apple writes that this may encourage other infringers to copy as well.
Again, Apple accuses Samsung of trying to slow down the case by injecting 12 new patent claims into the equation. As such, Samsung claims it needs more time to adequately prepare. But Apple tells the Court that it only wants an expedited trial for the 8 patent claims that it initially filed.
Indeed, if behavior like Samsung's proves successful, what's to prevent other companies accused of infringement from delaying proceedings by simply infusing an inordinate number of patents in its counterclaim. This dynamic would prove to be especially problematic in a technology case like this where time is of the essence and products have tremendously short shelf lives.
Backing up its claims, Apple points out that Courts have historically severed patent counterclaims from the initial lawsuit provided that they concern entirely different issues from the original patent claims. Blindly lumping all patent claims together is a prime recipe for jury confusion.
All of Samsung's patents involve different technical areas, different inventors, different file histories, and different issues of claim construction, infringement, and invalidity. Apple's utility patents generally relate to the remarkable, game-changing user interface of its iPhone and iPad products. In contrast, seven of Samsung's patents (the '604, '410, '792, '011, 15 '516, and '941 patents) relate to the entirely different subject of wireless communications.
As for the other 5 patents raised by Samsung, one relates to MP3 files, one involves a world clock function, and another focuses on camera functionality. Indeed, Apple writes that only one of the 12 patents Samsung brings to the table concern a products user interface, and that patent centers on dividing a device's display into 2 separate areas while composing a text message, a feature none of Apple's patents address.
Furthermore, Apple argues that 7 of the patents Samsung asserts are subject to FRAND terms meaning that since they're part of an industry standard, Samsung is obligated to license those technologies out to Apple at reasonable and non-discriminatory terms. Apple notes that Samsung has not done this and indeed filed a counterclaim of its own claiming that Samsung is in breach of its contractual obligations to comply with its licensing obligations.
Because Samsung has never sought expedited relief on its patent counterclaims, they are already on a slower track than Apple's claims. Apple has already received some expedited discovery on its claims, and the parties are currently conducting expedited discovery concerning Apple's preliminary injunction motion. In contrast, no discovery has been taken in connection with Samsung's counterclaims. Indeed, the pleadings on Samsung's counterclaims are not even complete.
Pretty convenient for Samsung.
Apple also points out some tomfoolery from Samsung.
Apple initially filed its lawsuit against Samsung in April. Following that, Samsung initiated a completely new and separate lawsuit against Apple bringing forth its own allegations of patent infringement. But as soon as Apple notified Samsung on June 30 that it was going to move for an expedited trial, Samsung dismissed its countersuit and "re-filed its claims against Apple as counterclaims in this action at the very end of June 30 (11:10 p.m).
It's plainly evident that Samsung's actions here are solely motivated to slow Apple down in any way it can, even if it involves legal shenanigans and what Apple calls a "blatant tactical maneuver" that should not be condoned.
Going back to Samsung's claims that it's overwhelmed with too many patents to sufficiently prepare for trial, Apple calls BS and writes that "Samsung is fully prepared to litigate, as evidenced by the lawsuits Samsung has filed against Apple in multiple countries around the world."
Not too surprisingly, Samsung has another BS argument up its sleeve. The motion mentions that Apple contacted Samsung in July 2010 immediately after the first alleged infringing Samsung product hit the market. Negotiations to resolve the issue went nowhere and resulted in the litigation at hand.
That said, Samsung quizzically claim that Apple should be barred from initiating its suit against Samsung because it chose to negotiate first and sue later. Apple astutely points out that companies should be encouraged for seeking non-legal remedies first instead of brazenly filing lawsuits at the drop of a hat. As such, the notion that Apple should be punished for seeking out a negotiated settlement is absurd.
Lastly, Samsung asserts that Apple forfeited its right to an expedited trial because they filed suit in the Northern District where most trials take about 23 months to commence. Apple counters and argues that the Northern District was the most logical place for it to file its lawsuit against Samsung. Not only is it where Apple's headquarters are located, but it's also in "a central area between the headquarters of the three Samsung defendants (Korea, New Jersey, and Texas." Not only that, the city where the Northern District Court lies is "closer to Korean than almost any other city in the continental U.S." So Apple contents that it "acted reasonably by filing this lawsuit in the forum with the strongest nexus."
So what kind of time frame is Apple looking for here?
Apple believes discovery can be completed within 5 months along with an extra month to account for expert discovery. So Apple would ideally like trial to commence in February 2012 at the earliest given that a hearing on the matter is set to take place on August 24th.


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2016 Season Wrapped Up
That's All Folks!
2016 is in the books and Georgian Bay Airways has officially beached the fleet for the winter season.
GBA was once again blessed with amazing staff who pushed through such a busy year with grace and wonderful attitudes. They really do make coming to work each day a joy for Nicole and myself. I already miss them and am looking forward to next year!
The 2016 season was long, warm and lacked significant rain. In short, it was stellar flying weather. From the mountains of Quebec, to the sprawling metropolis of Toronto, and everything in between, blue skies and soft horizons greeted us wherever we went.
This is the time of year that we begin to work on initiatives that will carry forward the following year. Fleet maintenance, generating advertising, public speaking and getting to hang out with our three amazing kids (12, 10, 8) or at least driving them to their sporting events after school and on weekends is how we will spend much of the winter.
Thank you to all who helped make 2016 such a huge success, and thank you for all of the memories that we shared together flying around at a couple of thousand feet! You are the reason we do it and still love it.
We look forward to flying you during our 15th season in 2017!
Keith and Nicole
We'll be available all winter long by phone or email. Contact us to purchase a Gift Certificate, enquire about a charter, or make a 2017 booking.


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A good engineer may not care about market share or politics, but who said a good engineer doesn't care about the quality, flexibility and real-world usage of something he's spent more than a decade working on? And which engineer in his right mind wouldn't be happy and proud of his life's work being a huge success?I thought Linus was just an engineer and didn't care much about the politics or market share of Linux... just in writing goog code; and preferring GPL2 to GPL3? So why should we care to read his views on topics that do not interest him? The EEE PC from Asus shows the extents to which vested interests will go in ensuring drivers for display, ACPI, wifi etc. will be DRM-ridden binaries... and Linus hasn't had much to say about these things. Maybe if he cared about the future of Linux so much, he would try and make as much of it GPL3 as he could?
The point is, children are gamers; they spend quite a lot of time gaming and are the ones who'll do all kinds of stuff to get an additional FPS, especially if it's free.
Thet's why GP mentioned the ten-year frame: while the children's parents would still use Windows for work, the kids would play on Linux. And then they'd do other stuff on Linux as well.
Ten years later, former children would be quite used to Linux, probably even defaulting to it.
So in OS selection, just like in religion, just give me a child before he is eight...
Windows is designed by marketing. Linux is designed by F/OSS politics. Neither one cares about users. (Mac OS X does care about users, but it is still immature by kernel standards, *sigh*.)
Next to that, people have no incentive to use Linux at all.
You're forgetting what's so special about OSS. It's completely free. "Linux" isn't trying to compete with anybody. People that contribute to OSS do so because they want software to do what they want it to do without any restrictions.
By definition, as long as people are developing for Linux people will be using Linux. Who cares how many people run proprietary OSes as long as Linux does what the people who write it want it to do. That's really the whole point, isn't it?
Computer programs expand so as to fill the core available.


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Dallas Tx
Reviews: 1
Average Rating: 3.0
1 reviews
Posted June 16, 2013
TB middy satchel
I have this satchel in the color luggage from last season and love it, so I ordered the black. Around the time I ordered the black, I started to notice that the finishing was rubbing off my luggage middy. I love the style and functionality of this bag, but when I inspected the black one, the finishing looked a little cheap for the price. I'm picky about quality and I can't justify keeping something this expensive that I don't love, so I sent it back.
Sizing: True to Size / As Expected
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EAI players add higher-value capabilities
Enterprise application integration (EAI) companies are hunting the higher ground of business process integration (BPI) as open...
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Business applications
Enhancing digital customer engagement with CRM
Learn about customer relationship management has evolved towards engaging with customers through every channel, with digital at the forefront.
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At the Gartner Application Integration and Web Services Conference in Chicago this week, Vitria Technology boosted its stake in BPI, overhauling its Businessware platform for a "solutions-based" approach to process modelling and lifecycle management.
Meanwhile, Tibco Software is expected to release a beta of the next major version of its flagship ActiveEnterprise platform next month. It features a BPI component and will be available in February 2003.
Other EAI players, such as webMethods, SeeBeyond Technology and Sybase, continue to build BPI capabilities into their integration suites.
The move to add higher-value capabilities to EAI middleware comes at a time when pressure is mounting from the market's lower end. Next week, Sun plans to release its SunONE (Open Net Environment) Application Server 7.
"EAI vendors can no longer count on publish-and-subscribe and messaging solutions," said Shawn Willett, principal analyst at Current Analysis. "They will have to move up the ladder with vertical solutions and other offerings that are higher value, not necessarily mass-market."
Enjoy the benefits of CW+ membership, learn more and join.


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Nice road test report here with the Porsche Cayenne S. Enjoy!
Alongside the weight loss and striking new exterior and interior design, Porsche squeezed an additional 15 hp from the Cayenne S's naturally aspirated 4.8-liter V-8. A new transmission with two more forward ratios—there are eight now—helps to achieve EPA ratings of 16 mpg city and 22 highway. Although it works just fine by conventional-automatic standards, we feel spoiled by the PDK dual-clutch auto offered in the rest of Porsche's range.
Nonetheless, with horsepower now at an even 400, the drivetrain improvements enable the Cayenne S to hit 60 mph in 5.5 seconds and clear the quarter-mile in 14.1 at 101 mph. Those numbers are an improvement of a half-second to 60, and 0.4 second and 3 mph in the quarter-mile. Notable as the Cayenne's straight-line performance may be, it's really the improvement in overall dynamics that makes it shine.


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Nashville Predators' prospect, Austin Watson, had a big game Saturday night for the London Knights. Watson led his team a shockingly, 5-3 victory over last year's Memorial Cup Champions, St. John's Sea Dogs.
The Nashville prospect had a goal at 10:49 in the third period and gave his team the 4-2 lead over the Sea Dogs. Watson scored on a one-timer from the slot. It was a great goal!
Read more of Watson's night after the jump...
Austin Watson also added himself two assists. He assisted the game-winning goal by Namestnikov and the third Knights' goal by Griffith.
Earlier this week (Monday), Watson was named the Ontario Hockey League's Playoff MVP after the win to clinch the OHL championship.
Here is the Press Release by the Predators...
Preds 2010 First Round pick Austin Watson was named the Ontario Hockey League's Playoff MVP after leading the London Knights to the OHL title --- and the OHL's spot in the Memorial Cup Tournament. Watson is the first US-born player to ever earn OHL Playoff MVP Honors, and the second member of the London Knights organization to claim the award, joining Corey Perry, who accomplished the feat in 2005.
Watson scored 10 goals and 17 points in 19 playoff games, including the game's opening goal in the title-clinching Game 5, a 2-1 London win. His 10 goals were tied for fourth most in the OHL Playoffs, but it was his defensive play that drew even higher praise than his offensive production, including his clutch penalty kill work. Watson's play against Niagara's top line was instrumental in London's five-game win in the Championship Series, posting a +3 plus/minus rating while scoring two goals and one assist. Each of his three points came at crucial times, the goal in Game 3 to tie the game at 2-2 in London's eventual 3-2 win, an assist on the game-winning goal in Game 4, and the goal to opening the scoring in London's 2-1 Game 5 win.
Watson finished the regular season with 25 goals and 68 points in 61 games, but finished strong with 11 goals and 35 points in 29 games after being traded to London in the middle of the season.
I am expecting Austin Watson to be with the Nashville Predators once the season starts. This coming season might be the best time to get him in there. Also, it depends on how the off-season goes on who David Poile will and will not sign.
The Upcoming Schedule to see Austin Watson play: Sunday vs Shawinigan at 6 PM, Tuesday vs Edmonton at 6 PM and more to be announced...
All times are CT and can be seen on the NHL Network.
TEAMS: Nashville Predators, Anaheim Ducks
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|Series cast summary:
|Daniel Baxter
|Stephanie Fisher
You ever wonder what a film would be like if a certain story quirk was handled more logically? This series endeavors to provide the answer with short vignettes illustrating how the films in question could be handled in the funniest manner possible. In addition, the clips for superhero films are accompanied by Superman and Batman chatting about them at a local eatery along with various guests when appropriate. Written by Kenneth Chisholm (firstname.lastname@example.com)


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GRAND REGALIA is a Freehold apartment located at 815 Upper Serangoon Road in District 19 (Northeast - Hougang / Punggol / Sengkang) - Outside Central Region in Singapore, GRAND REGALIA comprises of 20 units the highest block in GRAND REGALIA has 5 floors.
The nearest MRT/LRT station for GRAND REGALIA is NE13 Kovan which is about 0.52 km away. There are 9 bus stops near GRAND REGALIA. There are 2 taxi stands near GRAND REGALIA.
There are 2 supermarkets near GRAND REGALIA, the nearest is at blk 202, hougang street 21, #01-00, singapore 530202 by Fair Price Finest, around 0.33 km away. Nearest shopping mall for GRAND REGALIA is Heartland Mall- Kovan, around 0.53 km away.
There are 3 private institutes near GRAND REGALIA.
There are 1 nearby government land sales nearby.
Please note the distance is based on straight line and may not be accurate.
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* Computed by transaction data, may not be accurate for new launch projects.
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What does flagellated protozoan mean?
Definitions for flagellated protozoan
Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word flagellated protozoan.
Princeton's WordNet
flagellate, flagellate protozoan, flagellated protozoan, mastigophoran, mastigophore(noun)
a usually nonphotosynthetic free-living protozoan with whiplike appendages; some are pathogens of humans and other animals
Chaldean Numerology
The numerical value of flagellated protozoan in Chaldean Numerology is: 7
Pythagorean Numerology
The numerical value of flagellated protozoan in Pythagorean Numerology is: 9
Images & Illustrations of flagellated protozoan
Translations for flagellated protozoan
From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary
- 鞭毛的原虫Chinese
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"flagellated protozoan." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2018. Web. 24 Mar. 2018. <https://www.definitions.net/definition/flagellated protozoan>.


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18 May 2017
Queen's Park
Lunch with Birds at Queen's Park
Come see what bird migration season has to offer in the big city! Queen's Park provides some of the best bird habitat in downtown Toronto due to the wide variety of mature tree species there. During the migration season, birds passing through Toronto flock to this park due to a scarcity of other nearby resting spots. Join Bird Studies Canada and Royal Ontario Museum staff for a quick 45 minute lunch-time bird walk to see what species are passing through the city today! Meet at the soldier's memorial at the North end of the park at 12:00 pm! Bring binoculars if you have them!


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Tom Hawkinson • New York City • Feb 24, 2000
A triptych is a hinged, three panel writing tablet that usually depicts a religious story in painting. The way that playwright Richard Willett uses it is as a demonstration in triplicity--or is that a triple-entendre? Whichever it may be, it comes in threes, but unfortunately, there isn't always strength in numbers.
Triptych opens with the poorly recorded sound of copulation. When the lights come up, two gay men are at the conclusion of disappointing sex--disappointing, at least, for one of them. Carey (Bill Dobbins) is extremely satisfied, not with his partner Bernard (Charles Loffredo), but rather with his own personal conquest of tantric sex. Bernard feels that he and Carey are not on the same page and should spend some time apart, but Carey thinks that Bernard is actually taking exception to his new-found bi-sexuality. While Carey goes off to pursue women, Bernard begins to explore the more extreme parts of himself. It is the dichotomy of their personal journeys that ultimately bring them back to one another.
Carey is a writer working on a story about the infamous "posture photos" taken from the 1930s through 1960s at predominantly Ivy League universities. The voice-overs and sound cues before every scene are taken from his pocket recorder (hence the poor quality). The posture photos were a campaign headed by William Sheldon to correct poor posture, but they truly smacked of weeding out the weak and ugly. The practice traumatized thousands of students until it was ended in the 1960s. "Each student was photographed in a triptych," announces a voice-over. "How you were built became your destiny." This point in history proves to be the genesis of the present day characters' dysfunctional sex lives.
The play is set in three different eras. The first is the present day, which has its own tri-lateral division: the sexual explorations of Carey and Bernard, and Carey's present-day family. The second time frame is Carey's family life when he was young, immediately after the apparent suicide of his older brother Keith. The third piece of the triptych tells the story of Debbie and Helen (played effectively by Kate Downing and Rebekka Grella), two sisters attending Radcliffe in 1935, who experience tragedy related to the posture photos. These three worlds are intermingled for a Robert Altman-like effect based on the connectivity of people's lives. It is a very ambitious playwriting move, accomplished with only mild success.
The main problem is that there is very little nuance in any of the performances. We are often told who the characters are and what they are feeling, but the script never gives the actors the opportunity to be believable. For instance, Carey's mother Heather (Heather Grayson), initially comes across as weak when she abandons him, but when Carey locates her as an adult, she is remorseless and unsympathetic. The part of Carey's grandfather Chester (Jonathan Fluck)--whose traumatic experience with the posture photos caused him to develop a malady that compels him to do a Yosemite Sam impression--is even more of an enigma. Carey's ex Bernard turns into a housewife in drag (apparently the feminine side he always wanted to explore) with his new beau Dennis (Randy Ladner). Carey himself gets involved with Rosemary (Patricia Randell, in the strongest performance of the evening), a feminist who comes out with zingers such as "sex with you is like talking." In the end, though, Carey and Bernard long for one another.
Director Eliza Beckwith tries to keep pace with the constant scene/era changes, but could have taken the minimalism a step further. At nearly two-and-a-half hours, the play is about 45 minutes too long, and would benefit from some cutting (do we really need four scenes of Bernard and Dennis playing house?). Too much happens to the characters that is never justified either contextually or through performance. There was certainly enough laughter throughout, with the drag jokes going over particularly well, but when a third of the house did not return after intermission, I didn't take it as a good sign.
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Classification Codes—FoR, RFCD, SEO and ANZSIC Codes
You are here
The Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (ANZSRC)
The Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (ANZSRC) is the collective name for a set of three related classifications developed for use in the measurement and analysis of research and experimental development (R&D) undertaken in Australia and New Zealand. The ANZSRC replaces the Australian Standard Research Classification (ASRC) and was released on 31 March 2008.
There are three classifications in the ANZSRC:
- Type of Activity (TOA)
- Fields of Research (FOR)
- Socio-economic Objective (SEO).
The ANZSRC updates the Research Fields, Courses and Disciplines (RFCD) codes with 'Fields of Research' codes as well as refreshing the socio-economic objective (SEO) codes. The ANZSRC has been significantly expanded with about 40 per cent more research codes than the 1998 classification. This aligns the classification more closely to the research currently being undertaken in Australia and New Zealand, and will reduce the volume of research categorised as "not elsewhere classified".
The use of the three constituent classifications in the ANZSRC ensures that R&D statistics collected are useful to governments, educational institutions, international organisations, scientific, professional or business organisations, business enterprises, community groups and private individuals in Australia and New Zealand.
- Australian and New Zealand Stand Research Classification (ANZSRC), 2008
- Australian Standard Research Classification (ASRC), 1998
Fields of Research (FOR) classification
The 2008 ANZSRC FOR classification allows R&D activity to be categorised according to the field of research. In this respect, it is the methodology used in the R&D that is being considered.
The categories in the classification include major fields and related sub-fields of research and emerging areas of study investigated by businesses, universities, tertiary institutions, national research institutions and other organisations.
Research Fields, Courses and Disciplines (RFCD) classification
In 2008, the RFCD classification from the ASRC was updated by the Fields of Research in the ANZSRC. The RFCD allowed both R&D activity and other activity within the higher education sector to be categorised.
Socio-Economic Objective (SEO) classification
The ANZSRC SEO classification allows R&D activity in Australia and New Zealand to be categorised according to the intended purpose or outcome of the research rather than the processes or techniques used in order to achieve this objective. The purpose categories include processes, products, health, education and other social and environmental aspects in Australia and New Zealand that R&D activity aims to improve.
The 2008 ANZSRC SEO classification updates the 1998 ASRC SEO classification.
A purpose classification such as the SEO provides a set of categories which collectively exhaust all the objectives of research. In this respect, the scope of the SEO is more extensive than a classification of economic activities such as the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), because not all R&D has an economic motive or context.
- Socio-Economic Objective (SEO) classification, 2008
- Socio-Economic Objective (SEO) classification, 1998
The Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC)
The Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC) has been developed for use in both countries for the production and analysis of industry statistics.
The 2006 edition of the ANZSIC reflects a substantial review of all facets of the classification. The first edition of the classification was released in 1993 and there were significant changes in the Australian and New Zealand economies in that period. The updated classification changes reflect this and there are increases in the number of industry categories at each level of the classification.
Content Last Modified: 09/03/18


text:
Nigerian cardinal fears army sympathy for Boko Haram
June 10, 2014
Nigeria's leading prelate has told the Fides news agency that sympathy for the Islamist terrorist organization Boko Haram "threatens to undermine the unity of the Nigerian armed forces."
"It is difficult, however, to quantify how many there are," said Cardinal John Onaiyekan of Abuja. "My fear is that the campaign against Boko Haram is seen as an attack against Islam. Now this is what Boko Haram simply wants."
"Unfortunately, even among Christians there are those who tend to present the fight against Boko Haram as a clash between Christians and Muslims," he continued. "It is a very dangerous vision, which could undermine the unity of the police. In the army you have Christians and Muslims who have hitherto acted together, as soldiers of our armed forces."
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text:
|[8] /td>
Jiann-Der Lee, Jau-Yien lee, Chin-Hsing Chen,
King-Chu Hung and Chia-Nian Shyi
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
National Cheng Kung University
Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
A new approach to robot guidance by understanding the Indication-Posts is proposed. The approach is based on the conviction that once a human being is in an unfamiliar environment he can arrive at a destination by following the IPs encountered.
        Only a monocular image of the scene taken by the robot and local information are required in this approach. To realize this concept, several IPs depicting simple information were demonstrated. To understand the meaning depicted by the IP, image processing and pattern recognition techniques were integrated to resolve the problems of IP finding, robot location determination, IP identification and understanding. Experimental results in a simulated environment verified that the approach is feasible and reliable.
Keywords: robot guidance, indication-post, finite state grammar, robot location determination, IP understanding, image processing
Received August 25, 1990; revised March 31, 1991.
Communicatedy by J. S. Huang.


text:
Indian rock-cut architecture
Indian rock-cut architecture is more various and found in greater abundance than any other form of rock-cut architecture around the world.[1] Rock-cut architecture is the practice of creating a structure by carving it out of solid natural rock. Rock that is not part of the structure is removed until the only rock left is the architectural elements of the excavated interior. Indian rock-cut architecture is mostly religious in nature.[2][3]
There are more than 1,500 known rock cut structures in India. Many of these structures contain artwork of global importance, and most are adorned with exquisite stone carvings. These ancient and medieval structures represent significant achievements of structural engineering and craftsmanship.[4]
In India, caves have long been regarded as places of sanctity. Caves that were enlarged or entirely man-made were felt to hold the same sanctity as natural caves. In fact, the sanctuary in all Indian religious structures, even free-standing ones, retains the same cave-like feeling of sacredness, being small and dark without natural light.[5] The oldest rock-cut architecture is found in the Barabar caves, Bihar built around the 3rd century BC. Other early cave temples are found in the western Deccan, mostly Buddhist shrines and monasteries, dating between 100 BC and 170 AD. Originally, they were probably accompanied by wooden structures, which would have deteriorated over time. Historically, rock-cut temples have retained a wood-like theme in adornment; skilled craftsmen learned to mimic timber texture, grain, and structure. The earliest cave temples include the Bhaja Caves, the Karla Caves, the Bedse Caves, the Kanheri Caves, and some of the Ajanta Caves. Relics found in these caves suggest a connection between the religious and the commercial, as Buddhist missionaries often accompanied traders on the busy international trading routes through India. Some of the more sumptuous cave temples, commissioned by wealthy traders, included pillars, arches, and elaborate facades during the time maritime trade boomed between the Roman Empire and south-east Asia.[6]
Although free standing structural temples were being built by the 5th century, rock-cut cave temples continued to be built in parallel. Later rock-cut cave architecture became more sophisticated as in the Ellora Caves, culminating ultimately in the monolithic Kailash Temple. Although cave temples continued to be built until the 12th century, rock-cut architecture became almost totally structural in nature, made from rocks cut into bricks and built as free standing constructions. Kailash was the last spectacular rock-cut excavated temple.[7] There are also a number of rock reliefs, relief sculptures carved into rock faces, outside caves or at other sites.
Early cavesEdit
The earliest caves employed by humans were natural caves used by local inhabitants for a variety of purposes, such as shrines and shelters. Evidence suggests that the caves were first occupied and altered during the Mesolithic period (6000 BC). Early examples[8] included overhanging rock decorated with rock-cut designs. The Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, a World Heritage Site, are located on the edge of the Deccan Plateau, where dramatic erosion has left massive sandstone outcrops. The area's many caves and grottos have yielded primitive tools and decorative rock paintings, reflections of the ancient tradition of human interaction with the landscape.[9]
Cave templesEdit
When Buddhist missionaries arrived, they naturally gravitated to caves for use as temples and abodes, in accord with their religious ideas of asceticism and the monastic life. The Western Ghats topography, with its flat-topped basalt hills, deep ravines, and sharp cliffs, was suited to their cultural inclinations. The earliest of the Kanheri Caves were excavated in the 1st and 2nd centuries B.C., as were those at Ajanta, which were occupied continuously by Buddhist monks from 200 BCE to 650 AD.[10][11] As the Buddhist ideology encouraged involvement in trade, monasteries often became stopovers for inland traders and provided lodging houses along trade routes. As mercantile and royal endowments grew, cave interiors became more elaborate, with interior walls decorated in paintings, reliefs, and intricate carvings. Facades were added to the exteriors while the interiors became designated for specific uses, such as monasteries (viharas) and worship halls (chaityas). Over the centuries, simple caves began to resemble free-standing buildings, needing to be formally designed and requiring highly skilled artisans and craftsmen to complete. These artisans had not forgotten their timber roots and imitated the nuances of a wooden structure and the wood grain in working with stone.[12] Early examples of rock cut architecture are the Buddhist and Jain cave basadi, temples and monasteries, many with gavakshas (chandrashalas). The ascetic nature of these religions inclined their followers to live in natural caves and grottos in the hillsides, away from the cities, and these became enhanced and embellished over time. Although many temples, monasteries and stupas had been destroyed, by contrast cave temples are very well preserved as they are both less visible and therefore less vulnerable to vandalism as well as made of more durable material than wood and masonry. There are around 1200 cave temples still in existence, most of which are Buddhist. The residences of monks were called Viharas and the cave shrines, called Chaityas, were for congregational worship.[12] The earliest rock-cut garbhagriha, similar to free-standing ones later, had an inner circular chamber with pillars to create a circumambulatory path (pradakshina) around the stupa and an outer rectangular hall for the congregation of the devotees.
The Ajanta Caves in Maharashtra, a World Heritage Site, are 30 rock-cut cave Buddhist temples carved into the sheer vertical side of a gorge near a waterfall-fed pool located in the hills of the Sahyadri mountains. Like all the locations of Buddhist caves, this one is located near main trade routes and spans six centuries beginning in the 2nd or 1st century B.C.[13] A period of intense building activity at this site occurred under the Vakataka king Harisena between 460 and 478 A profuse variety of decorative sculpture, intricately carved columns and carved reliefs are found, including exquisitely carved cornices and pilaster.[14] Skilled artisans crafted living rock to imitate timbered wood (such as lintels) in construction and grain and intricate decorative carving, although such architectural elements were ornamental and not functional in the classical sense.[12]
Later many Hindu kings from southern India patronize many cave temples dedicated to Hindu gods and goddesses. One such prominent example of cave temple architecture are the Badami Cave Temples at Badami, the early Chalukya capital, carved out in the 6th century. There are four cave temples hewn from the sides of cliffs, three Hindu and one Jain, that contain carved architectural elements such as decorative pillars and brackets as well as finely carved sculpture and richly etched ceiling panels. Nearby are many small Buddhist cave shrines.[15]
Monolithic rock-cut templesEdit
The Pallava architects started the carving of rock for the creation of a monolithic copies of structural temples.[5] A feature of the rock-cut cave temple distribution until the time of the early Pallavas is that they did not move further south than Aragandanallur, with the solitary exception of Tiruchitrapalli on the south bank of the Kaveri River, the traditional southern boundary between north and south. Also, good granite exposures for rock-cut structures were generally not available south of the river.[16]
A rock cut temple is carved from a large rock and excavated and cut to imitate a wooden or masonry temple with wall decorations and works of art. Pancha Rathas is an example of monolith Indian rock cut architecture dating from the late 7th century located at Mamallapuram, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Ellora cave temple 16, the Kailash Temple, is singular in that it was excavated from the top down rather than by the usual practice of carving into the scarp of a hillside. The Kailash Temple was created through a single, huge top-down excavation 100 feet deep down into the volcanic basaltic cliff rock. It was commissioned in the 8th century by King Krishna I and took more than 100 years to complete.[17] The Kailash Temple, or cave 16 as it is known at Ellora Caves located at Maharashtra on the Deccan Plateau, is a huge monolithic temple dedicated to Lord Shiva. There are 34 caves built at this site, but the other 33 caves, Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain, were carved into the side of the plateau rock. The effect of the Kailash Temple is that of a free-standing temple surrounded by smaller cave shrines carved out of the same black rock. The Kailash Temple is carved with figures of gods and goddesses from the Hindu Puranas, along with mystical beings like the heavenly nymphs and musicians and figures of good fortune and fertility.[18] Ellora Caves is also a World Heritage Site.[19]
There is no time line that divides the creation of rock-cut temples and free-standing temples built with cut stone as they developed in parallel. The building of free-standing structures began in the 5th century, while rock cut temples continued to be excavated until the 12th century.
Chaitya facade at Pandavleni Caves
Entrance of Rockcut cave temple(Similar style as Barabar Caves) at Guntupalle, Andhra Pradesh
Advanced beds in early viharas at Kanheri Caves
Guntupalle Rockcut Caves, Andhra Pradesh
Rock cut Buddha statues, Bojjannakonda
Rock-cut monuments in IndiaEdit
- Aihole has 3 Jaina temple
- Badami Cave Temples
- Bagh Caves
- Ellora Caves has 12 Buddhist, 17 Hindu and 5 Jain temples.[20]
- Kanheri Caves
- Lenyadri Caves
- Mahabalipuram
- Pancha Rathas
- Kazhuku Malai
- Pandavleni Caves
- Pitalkhora
- Undavalli caves, Andhra Pradesh
- Varaha Cave Temple at Mamallapuram
- Masroor Temple at Kangra
- Bojjannakonda Buddhist Site, Andhra Pradesh
- Guntupalle Buddhist Site, Andhra Pradesh
- Ramatheertham, Andhra Pradesh
See alsoEdit
- ^ "History of Architecture - Early civilizations". historyworld.net. Retrieved 2006-12-18.
- ^ Kamiya, Takeo. "Introduction to Indian Architecture". indoarch.org. Retrieved 2006-12-18.
- ^ Nangia, Ashish. "Indian Rock-cut Architecture by Ashish Nangia". www.boloji.com. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
- ^ "10 most amazing ancient rock cut structures in India". Wondermondo.
- ^ a b Michael, George (1988). The Hindu Temple. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago. pp. 69, 82. ISBN 0-226-53230-5.
- ^ Keay, John (2000). India: A History. New York: Grove Press. pp. 103, 124–127. ISBN 0-8021-3797-0.
- ^ Rajan, K.V. Soundara (1998). Rock-cut Temple Styles`. Mumbai, India: Somaily Publications. pp. 9–10, 23, 160–161. ISBN 81-7039-218-7.
- ^ "Prehistoric Rock Art". art-and-archaeology.com. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
- ^ "Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka". Retrieved 2006-12-20.
- ^ "World Heritage Site - Ajanta Caves". Retrieved 2007-04-12.
- ^ "Ajanta Caves". Archived from the original on 2007-04-04. Retrieved 2007-04-12.
- ^ a b c "Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent - Classification of Indian Architecture through the Ages". www.indoart.org. Retrieved 2007-06-26.
- ^ "Ajanta". Retrieved 2006-12-21.
- ^ Thapar, Binda (2004). Introduction to Indian Architecture. Singapore: Periplus Editions. pp. 36–37, 51. ISBN 0-7946-0011-5.
- ^ "Badami (Western Chalukya)". art-and-archaeology.com. Retrieved 2006-12-21.
- ^ Rajan, K.V. Soundara (1998). Rock-cut Temple Styles`. Mumbai, India: Somaily Publications. pp. 9–10, 23. ISBN 81-7039-218-7.
- ^ "Monuments of India". Retrieved 2006-12-21.
- ^ "Kailash Rock Cut Temple". Archived from the original on 2007-01-18. Retrieved 2007-01-26.
- ^ "Ellora UNESCO World Heritage Site". Retrieved 2006-12-19.
- ^ "Ellora Caves". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2006-12-21.
- Fergusson, James (1864). The Rock-Cut Temples of India. John Murray, London.
- Dehejia, V. (1972). Early Buddhist Rock Temples. Thames and Hudson: London. ISBN 0-500-69001-4.
- Rajan, K.V. Soundara (1998). Rock-Cut Temple Styles. Somaiya Publications: Mumbai. ISBN 81-7039-218-7
External linksEdit
- Photos of rock-cut Bhaja cave
- India rock cut Temples Study Project and Photos of Sculpture
- History of Architecture Site
- Architectural Styles
- New York Times article 'Rock-cut temple of the many faced God', August 19, 1984
- St. Olaf College Art Course Handouts
- Ellora Caves UNESCO World Heritage Site
- Lycian Influence to the IndianCave Temples
- Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram UNESCO World Heritage Site
- Elephanta Caves UNESCO World Heritage Site
- UNESCO World Heritage: Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka
- Indian rock cut temples
- In the Holy Caves of India
- Kailesh Rock Cut Temple
- Kerala Temple Architecture
- Pallava Art and Architecture
- Cave architecture
- The rock-cut temples of western India
- Articles on Early and Later Western Indian Caves Part 1 (Early) and Part 2 (Later)


text:
On the heels of a federal funding infrastructure announcement of $1 billion, a Calgary city councillor is putting together his wishlist.
- MORE CALGARY NEWS | 'We are still a resource-based economy,' says Nenshi after Trudeau's comments in Davos
- MORE CALGARY NEWS | Meredith Borowiec infanticide appeal heard by Supreme Court
The federal government is in a hurry to fast-track $13 billion in infrastructure funding.
With Alberta and Saskatchewan hard hit by plunging oil prices, both provinces could get a quick shot in the arm. Alberta is set to receive $704 million and Saskatchewan will get $361 million.
Coun. Shane Keating says he hopes the province has one of Calgary's megaprojects front of mind when the funds flow.
The city and the federal government have already committed $3 billion to the city's proposed Green Line LRT route, expected to cost about $5 billion.
"I still believe that the Green Line is the number one priority in Calgary at this time and I would hope that if they're going to take some funds, they would dedicate it strictly to the green line," Keating said.
A number of large provincial projects in Calgary have already been approved, including the completion of the ring road and the construction of a new cancer centre.
The city identified a handful of "shovel ready" priorities early last year, including a Foothills Athletic Park fieldhouse, bus rapid transit corridors and a new police processing unit.
Alberta's infrastructure minister says informal discussions with the federal government indicate the province will receive infrastructure funding earlier than expected.
Brian Mason would not comment on which projects may get immediate funding this year.
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text: Jeffrey Reiner is a middle manager's dream.Predictable, almost invisible, and lacking ambition, he's held the same tedious job for eighteen years, typing up the calendar listings for a South Florida weekly. As the economy and the newspaper industry crashed around him, Jeffrey kept his head comfortably in the sand until he was terminated in the middle of his lunch hour. Suddenly Jeffrey is staring at a deadline of twenty-one weeks before his severance pay and unemployment benefits dry up and he has to figure out what to do next.Plunged into the bizarre world of unemployment, Jeffrey's attempts at networking lead him to his slacker neighbors, an unorthodox state facilitator, and a 1-800 mental health counselor. What's even worse is now that he has no job to fill the daytime hours, he can't ignore the fact that his family life is unraveling: his wife communicates almost solely through detailed daily honey-do lists; his mother seems determined to get herself kicked out of her assisted-living facility; his teenage daughter has no use for him and seems wiser to the ways of the world than he'll ever be; and his son has taken up a disturbing form of pest control to help make ends meet. Even his dog finds a way to let him down.With his job search going nowhere amid the wreckage of the American economy, Jeffrey has no choice but to push beyond his comfort zone. He takes on a string of ridiculous odd jobs for a guy known as ';enterprising dude' that include dressing up as the Statue of Liberty and breeding fish in a tub of mud. But as Jeffrey stumbles from one comic catastrophe to another, he realizes that in opening up to the world, he no longer wants to go back to his safe, sheltered corner. Full of whimsy, wry humor, and surprising insight,Nothing Happens Until It Happens to You is a weird, wonderful journey of self-discovery that proves there's life after the pink slip after all.From the Hardcover edition.


text:
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Next year will mark Perry County's bicentennial and a group organized by Perry County Chamber of Commerce Executive Director Cheri Taylor is meeting the second Tuesday of each month to plan a celebration for it.
The meetings are open to anyone and we urge any interested citizen to attend. We think the celebration is a good idea, as Perry County has a rich history worth celebrating that most people may not be aware of.
When you have a knee replacement, it should be done on a buddy system. When you say you are tired, the buddy should say do 30 more reps.
I did not have a buddy. I remember we had a six-hour meeting and when I saw all of that metal that would be going into my left knee, I wanted to change my mind. But I had seen my x-ray and my left knee was a mess.
The knee surgery took place and you were to stay at the first hospital for only three days. Actually you were supposed to start exercising the first night.
The first annual Schweizer Fest Fitness Games were completed the weekend of Aug. 10-11 and the competition was intense. We would like to thank our sponsors, New Direction Health and Fitness Club – the event host, Gladish Chiropractic, Bower Construction, Werner Drug Store, Thomas Glass and More, Dr. Rothrauff Foot & Ankle, Domestic Goddess Boutique, Power's MMA, Skinsations, Alvey Cleaners, Carriage Inn, Super Suds Laundry, Los Amigos, Chicago's Pizza, Conner Floor Covering, Century 21, PSC and Perry County Wellness.
By RICHARD MOURDOCK
State Treasurer
The 20th and 21st centuries have not been good for Americans who long for the founders' vision of a limited federal government with checks and balances between its three branches.
Those thoughtful leaders of the 18th century understood that power truly does corrupt and that once corrupted, it is incapable of self-imposed cleansing.
By VINCE LUECKE
Lots of us hoping for brighter futures sock away money in money-market funds, savings and individual retirement accounts and mutual funds. Most of us have financial advisers who help us along the way and over time, most of the time, we're rewarded with good returns and growing nest eggs.
I'm in that group. My employer – I should say employers considering I have a couple of part-time jobs in addition to self-employed farming – sponsor 401K or 403B accounts and match a portion of what I contribute.
The conclusion of a successful Schweizer Fest – Tell City's 55th – prompts us to extend a big thumbs-up to everyone who helped with the effort. That's a large group, far too numerous for us to try to list individually or even by subgroups. It nearly takes a community to pull off a community festival and Tell City does it every year. Congratulations, everyone.
We also offer the following thumbs-up kudos.
Spay Neuter Services of Indiana is offering $10 spays and neuters to help pets, pet owners and caretakers.
The half price special is available to Indiana residents with limited incomes and those who receive public assistance.
Our Pet Friendly License Plate Committee, appointed by SNSI, oversees the distribution of funds from Indiana Pet Friendly license plate sales which make this program possible.
Puppies and kittens can be spayed as young as six weeks or two pounds at certain veterinary clinics.
I just wanted to say shame, shame, shame on the person who stole money from my daughter and her family, which was in a room with the door closed and should never had anyone been in there to begin with. What happened was it was my granddaughter's 11th birthday and my daughter had invited people up for that and to watch a ballgame that was playing that day.
Copyright © 2018
The Perry County News is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Perry County, Indiana, and the surrounding area.


text:
Hey guys,
Have been riding my Switchblade up here in Minni. I started getting this kinda small clunky feeling in the back. For the life of me I can't figure out where it is coming from. Warp, how did your 5th Element die? When I go home to Colorado and then return I am going to bring back an RP3 to test out on it. What does having bad linkages feel like? Everything bolt and nut is tight back there. Any other suggestions I should look into?


text: Meta Rate My Team PokéBase - Pokémon Q&A Login Register All Activity Questions Unanswered Tags Users Ask a Question Rules Chat What is the little straight face on a Pokemon's summery next to the marks? 0 votes 552 views I keep seeking it on some of my Pokemon I don't know what it means. Help please! black-white events little-cup asked Nov 4, 2012 by Dupline Please log in or register to add a comment. Please log in or register to answer this question. 2 Answers 1 vote Best answer It means poke'rus (Pokemon virus) has worn off but the effects still remain. answered Nov 4, 2012 by Stella Midnight selected Dec 13, 2012 by Mewderator Please log in or register to add a comment. 0 votes I was wondering about that too. But I looked around on the internet a bit and it said, that those little faces mean that your Pokemon once had pokerus and is now cured. Hope I helped! answered Nov 4, 2012 by Artist KS Lol 2 seconds slower commented Nov 4, 2012 by Stella Midnight Darn it, I don't have pokerus after all! commented Nov 4, 2012 by Dupline Yes you still have poke'rus you just can no longer pass it on. commented Nov 4, 2012 by Stella Midnight Oh that is what I wanted to do! commented Nov 4, 2012 by Dupline hehe, yeah 2 second difference. yeah as sp said, u cant pass it on now, well from that pokemon anyway. commented Nov 4, 2012 by Artist KS Yes. The straight face notes that the Pokemon has overcome the virus and cannot receive it again. That is why it is important to pass the virus through your Pokemon and keep one in your PC to allow EV training to become a lot quicker. commented Nov 4, 2012 by Fizz Please log in or register to add a comment. Related questions Any info. on the next generation ? When is the next Pokemon event? Does anyone here know when the next mystery gift for pokmeon B/W is? Can someone tell me when would the next event for anything in INDIA be for Pokemon black? What is a good, bulky Pokemon to use in Little Cup? Is there any way to get a keldeo even now on black white ? Is Electro Ball going to do much damage in Little Cup? I want to complete national pokedex, should I start with b/w or go straight to b/w2? Useful Meta Posts How to change your username How to add a user avatar Why was my post hidden? The points system Question etiquette Flags vs Downvotes Anime FAQ