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The study of the iris of the eye in order to diagnose disease.
From earliest antiquity the eye has been believed to be one of the best indicators of personality, temperament, romantic feelings and spiritual condition. It has been regarded, to use the language of the ancients, as the "mirror of the soul."
Iridology is based on the assumption that every organ in the human body has a corresponding location within the iris and that one can determine whether an organ is healthy or diseased by examining the iris.
During the Second World War Homeopathy and Naturopathy were eclipsed in the United States. Iridology was all but forgotten until modern iridologist and chiropractor Dr. Bernard Jensen revived and re-established it. He also developed a chart to diagnose the condition of a patient's organs by interpreting the dark and light spots and lines in the human iris.
See Introduction to Iridology: The Beginner's Guide to Iris Study, Iridology: Health Analysis and Treatments from the Iris of the Eye (Health Essentials Series), Iridology: Science and Practice in the Healing Arts/Illustrated With Charts and Grids, Iridology Simplified, Iridology, the Diagnosis from the Eye, Practical Iridology and Sclerology, Science and Practice of Iridology, Visions of Health: Understanding Iridiology and What Is Iridology.
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Sources: (1) Whorton, James C., Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America, Oxford University Press; (2) Longe, Jacqueline L., The Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine, Thomson Gale; (3) Mysteries of Mind, Space & Time: The Unexplained, H. S. Stuttman Inc. Publishers.
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World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion
Serves the information needs of physicians practicing acupuncture and those seeking more information about medical acupuncture.
World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion contains articles about the history of this Chinese healing art, along with information on training, herbs, health, acupuncture, cooking, and more.
Journal Of The Canadian Chiropractic Association
Covers scientific articles and papers related to the principles and clinical applications, cultivating professional dialogue through the publication of information and enhancing continuing education of the practicing chiropractor.
Tricycle, The Buddhist Review Magazine
Buddhist Review is an international quarterly that brings Buddhist
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Aromatherapy Today Magazine
Acclaimed and respected writers provide a unique combination of practical information, scientific data, case studies, ethereal and
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For anyone who has a strong interest in aromatherapy.
Chiropractic Economics Magazine
Chiropractic Economics is an American magazine published 20 times a year in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida. Chiropractic Economics provides news and information to practicing chiropractors with a focus on office management, patient relations, personal development, financial planning, legal, clinical and research data, and wellness/nutrition.
The Reflexology Atlas
Provides a fine oversized, beautifully illustrated atlas of reflexology forms covering every part of the body from toes to head, including shiatsu massage. A symptom section applies reflexology treatments to common disorders, while step-by-step instructions for the massage techniques provides clear discussions of bones, massage zones, and much more...
Reiki News Magazine
articles and stories by the world's best known and experienced Reiki
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The company decided to innovate by telling these women stories through a newly-commercialized technology called radio. Not just any stories, mind you, but compelling episodic tales of families facing strife, drama, joy and pain – often punctuated with multiple plotlines and cliffhanger endings.
That company was
At the dawn of television in 1952, Procter & Gamble Productions quickly shifted its Guiding Light serial from radio to TV, followed by the debut of As the World Turns in 1956. The aptly-named "soap opera" became a staple of American culture and, by the 1970s, the most lucrative television market around.
Fast-forward to the dawn of the newly-commercialized World Wide Web in 1994.
Procter & Gamble's then chief executive Edwin L. Artzt issued a challenge to members of the American Association of Advertising Agencies. He urged them to understand emerging new media in preparation for consumer change and the brand marketing strategies of the future.
Just as P&G ended its run producing soap operas in 2009, the much larger and broadly-diversified company had another audience to reach, this time to sell Gillette razors, Tag body spray, and Head & Shoulders shampoo.
This audience was the new breed of man who participated more heavily in housework and child-rearing across the board, often while his wife went to work.
P&G's Man of the House debuted in January of 2011. It's a multimedia content website providing meaningful tips for men on cooking, family budgeting, parenting, and the ever faithful advice on sex and pleasing women in general.
"This is the 21st-century version of the soap opera," said Josh Bernoff, senior vice-president at Forrester Research. "It's information. It's topical."
What P&G Productions did 80 years ago to reach an audience vital to its business is now known as content marketing, and when it comes to promoting products and services online, it's the most effective alternative to advertising. In fact, many consider it the new advertising, mostly because people don't perceive it as advertising at all.
That's why Man of the House works, while P&G television commercials get the Tivo treatment. That's also why another big dog of brand advertising – Coca Cola – is proclaiming that content marketing will be a significant chunk of its go-forward marketing strategy, aimed at doubling worldwide consumption of Coke by the year 2020.
Content marketing went mainstream in 2011 at the enterprise level. CMOs know they need to be doing it, but only a few large companies are finding ways to change from business as usual to the new realities of reaching the empowered, informed, and socially-networked consumer.
The more interesting use of online content – and the focus of my efforts here at Forbes – is the use of content marketing by startups. Essentially, it's the idea that a smart startup should think of itself first and foremost as a digital media company, regardless of the eventual product, service, or business model.

subset: commoncrawl


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- Posted July 24, 2014 by
- MaiaKiev
This iReport is part of an assignment:
Ukraine unrest
Cultural Project "Maidan - (R)Evolution of Spirit"
Today Independence Square of Kyiv hosted a presentation of a big cultural project "Maidan – (R)Evolution of Spirit". The author and curator of the project, Antin Mukharskiy, presented Great Almanac "Maidan – (R)Evolution of Spirit" that gathered on its 300 pages interviews, essays, analytical articles by great Ukrainian artists, philosophers, historians, art specialists, participants and witnesses of events that had taken place on Maidan during the protests in Nov 2013 and Feb 2014. Antin said that "we created this book so that we would remember how it really happened".
Other parts of this cultural project are photography exhibition and catalogue and a series of documentary films.
While working on the photography project the organizers and curators looked through about 5000 photos by more than 150 photographers. He best 50 photography works are the basis of movable photo exhibition and the catalogue.
On behalf of grateful people of Ukraine the presentation edition of these photos was gifted to world leaders and people of art who had supported Ukrainian Maidan, as well as to the world museums and art institutions. Among them Pope Francis, Queen of the United Kingdom Elizabeth II, Barack Obama, Angela Merkel, David Cameron, Madonna, George Clooney, Paulo Coelho, and many others.
Also this project may be interesting to collectors, sponsors and people who are not indifferent to the destiny of Ukraine as all the works are collectibles. Author's edition of each work is 10 copies. All the money received from the sale of photos will be used for future art events as well as to support modern Ukrainian art and artists.
More than anything this project is a tribute to a very important historic event of Ukraine's stand for freedom and independence and to those who gave their lives for better future of our country.


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QPR Rattle Ragged Cardiff
Loftus Road
27/11/10 - 15.00
Attendance: 17316
QUEENS Park Rangers have opened up a five point gap at the top of the npower Championship with a priceless win over rivals Cardiff City.
The R's were imperious in defence and inspirational in attack as they saw off what is arguably the league's best side, particularly in light of the glut of offensive talent that the Bluebirds possess.
The pre-match billing regarding Craig Bellamy proved well-founded and was borne out in the first period when he coasted clear to slot home following an uncharacteristic defensive error.
Barely five minutes later and Kaspars Gorkss atoned for his earlier error when he latched on to a Tommy Smith cross to guide a perfectly placed header into the bottom left-hand corner.
Cardiff's style of play lent itself a counter-attacking performance with Craig Bellamy ostensibly at the centre of City's play - nevertheless QPR were determined, dogged and got their just reward.
It came as playmaker Adel Taarabt cut inside and smashed home to epitomise his effort and work-rate throughout the fixture, but Rangers were far from a one-trick pony.
Defensive colossi Matt Connolly and Kaspars Gorkss proved truly to be as much a match-winner as the lively Moroccan - stoutly keeping a talented Cardiff front-line at bay.
Five points clear at the summit, Queens Park Rangers and Neil Warnock have sent out a message to their supporters and the Championship at large - QPR will be tough to shift.
Team News
Neil Warnock made two changes from the victory over Preston North End with Shaun Derry returning from suspension and Tommy Smith also eligible to re-take his place in the squad.
Paddy Kenny lined up behind the resilient back four - Kyle Walker, Matt Connolly, Kaspars Gorkss and Clint Hill - Derry rejoining Alejandro Faurl�n in the middle of the park.
Jamie Mackie, Adel Taarabt and Smith were the trio behind the established lone front-man Rob Hulse, Heidar Helguson and Patrick Agyemang were options on the bench.
Cardiff's formidable line-up consisted of ex-QPR loanee Tom Heaton in goal, with Kevin McNaughton, Mark Hudson, Darcy Blake and Lee Naylor populating the back four.
The midfield quartet included Chris Burke, Seyi Olofinjana, Manchester United loanee Danny Drinkwater and Peter Whittingham with international duo Craig Bellamy and Jay Bothroyd up top.
Walker - Connolly - Gorkss - Hill
Faurl�n - Derry
Mackie - Taarabt (c) - Smith
McNaughton - Hudson - Blake - Naylor
Burke - Olofinjana - Drinkwater - Whittingham
Bellamy - Bothroyd
Kick Off: Queens Park Rangers v Cardiff City
The time for talking had stopped as the two sides entered the field of play in bitterly cold conditions at Loftus Road. A full house and an ever-growing atmosphere was evident to greet the division's two best sides to date, all the ingredients of a classic table-topping encounter.
The hosts were quicker out the block as they stole Cardiff's centre with the minimum of fuss and continued to build on their possession on the opening five minutes. Indeed it didn't take long to carve out the first opportunity of the game.
It was Jamie Mackie that looked to take the initiative in the early stages, cutting inside from the left-flank to curl an effort wide of the left hand upright. In truth ex-QPR man Tom Heaton may have had it covered, but it was an early sighter nevertheless.
Cardiff had a host of household names in their front-line, Jay Bothroyd has shot to prominence of late with his surprised England call-up, while Craig Bellamy is every bit the class international forward that QPR had come to expect - quite out of place in the npower Championship.
It seemed the mantra of the visiting side to play on the break and use the exuberance of the home side against them - picking them off on the counter-attack. Bothroyd was winning countless balls in the air and Bellamy was a constant menace, dropping into gaps and playing on the shoulder.
A reputation for goalscoring had been well-founded for the Welsh international as he broke the deadlock in West London. Matt Connolly's rather harsh and needless ball across the box caught Kaspars Gorkss by surprise and the Latvian's slip allowed Bothroyd to attack.
His reverse pass for Craig Bellamy saw the Welsh forward in behind and it seemed academic from there on in. He coasted towards goal and despite giving Paddy Kenny a chance, all the 'keeper could do was divert the ball into the middle of the net.
GOAL: Queens Park Rangers 0-1 Cardiff City
There was a question of offside over the goal itself but there could be no doubting the quality of the finish as Cardiff took top spot momentarily. QPR to their credit were straight back at Cardiff with a barrage of attacking play and combative midfield work.
Alejandro Faurl�n in particular was evidently working tirelessly winning the ball in the air against the man-mountain Olofinjana and battling with the big Nigerian in the centre of the park. Both he and Shaun Derry were tightening up and starting to take control of the fixture.
Barely five minutes later this style of play bore the desired fruits as QPR grabbed a deserved equaliser. It came from the educated feet of Tommy Smith down the right who managed to work some space following the break-down of a set-piece.
The former Portsmouth man sent a stunning cross to the near post and Kaspars Gorkss rose highest to glance a perfect header beyond Heaton, and supporters rose in unison as the ball nestled neatly into the bottom left hand corner.
GOAL: Queens Park Rangers 1-1 Cardiff City
Adel Taarabt started coming into his own in the middle of the park, and his passing and movement was asking all manner of questions to the Cardiff midfield. His run took him away from Olofinjana and the fleet-footed Moroccan powered a left-footed effort inches wide of the right hand post.
Alejandro Faurl�n went close moments later when after a move broke down the Argentinean hit a snap-shot through a crowd of players, it was low and picking up pace as it headed towards the target. Somehow the hand of Heaton came out and denied what would have been a well-executed strike.
Rangers were proving arguably the more dominant of the two teams, but Cardiff City also seemed content to soak up the pressure and play on the break, something which was proving exceedingly effective and nearly yielded a goal.
The hosts had been caught up field and scything through ball found Jay Bothroyd ploughing away down the left. What seemed harmless enough became alarming as Bothroyd merely strode into the heart of the area.
The sheer pace and power in his direct running bought him the opportunity but Paddy Kenny was on hand to save with his feet and preserve the level-pegging challengers. Kenny has been crucial to Rangers' challenge thus far this season and continued to add to his ever-growing reputation.
The two sides seemed content with taking matters into half time level, with both sides having chances in an open first period. It promised much for the second half as Cardiff City and Queens Park Rangers knew the winner would take top spot.
Half Time: Queens Park Rangers 1-1 Cardiff City
The second half started off a little more tentative than the first, with both sides keen too press their advantage but mindful of the pitfalls that awaited them should errors be committed. QPR were seeing a great deal of the ball without truly penetrating a tough defensive line.
Rob Hulse was having his best game to date in a QPR shirt, looking fitter and stronger than previously. His aerial dominance over Darcy Blake and Mark Hudson was proving a menace for the Bluebirds as Taarabt, Mackie and Smith fed from the knock-downs.
Hulse threw himself at a Taarabt cross only to receive a nudge in the back as the ball drifted harmlessly away wide of the left-hand post. It proved to be the necessary catalyst as QPR started to pour forward in numbers.
The striker Hulse once more was at the centre of the move as he knocked down a measured pass forward into the path of Mackie. The Scottish international unleashed a dipping drive that seemed destined for the goal, only for Tom Heaton to throw out a hand and deny the striker.
Cardiff were being pinned back under the pressure and it was certainly unrelenting from the hosts. Taarabt was the key tormentor as ever, but it seemed to date that lady luck was not shining on the Moroccan who saw his efforts blocked and cleared accordingly.
Taarabt is not a man to shirk an opportunity when he senses one however and he got just reward for his persistence. With little under 20 minutes remaining Adel Taarabt cut inside, beating two men before rifling an effort into the roof of the net.
As the roof of the net rippled the roof of the ground came off - Rangers had themselves in front for the first time in the fixture and as a consequence looked intent on cementing their place at the summit of the table.
GOAL: Queens Park Rangers 2-1 Cardiff City
What was to follow was academic, as Cardiff City finally relented on their purely counter-attacking style to instead instil some impetus on what was an important game. Dave Jones' pre-match team-talk had played down its importance but evidently the seriousness had just kicked up a notch.
The Cardiff boss saw Chris Burke go closest for the Bluebirds as Kenny once again thwarted the opposition with a stunning save. Quite how much he knew about it was open to debate but when the ball skipped up off Gorkss, Kenny's face came to the rescue.
Michael Chopra was thrown into a growing front-line as Jones was forced to gamble with his line-up, as Neil Warnock responded by sending on two forwards of his own. Leon Clarke and Patrick Agyemang were the players of choice as they sought to hold onto the ball up front.
The nerves were palpable around the ground as the importance of this win continued to become apparent - a five point gap is something that would give Rangers a good buffer going into a fixture against Hull City.
There was a late appeal for a penalty as Bothroyd went down under a challenge in the area, Mr Friend sized up his options and decided against the kick. Bellamy became the second to throw himself in close succession and was ultimately booked for his protestation.
Four nervy minutes of injury time ensued, but when Mr Friend blew his final whistle it was almost like another goal had been scored. Rangers supporters celebrated deliriously as this result would prove to be the most important of the season thus far.
Final Whistle: Queens Park Rangers 2-1 Cardiff City
Queens Park Rangers
Kenny, Hill, Derry, Taarabt (Clarke 87), Faurlin, Mackie (Agyemang 88), Gorkss, Walker, Connolly, Hulse, Smith (Hall 90).
Cardiff City
Heaton, McNaughton, Naylor, Hudson, Blake, Bellamy, Bothroyd, Olofinjana, Drinkwater (Koumas 57), Burke (Chopra 80), Whittingham.
Star Player
His effort and endeavour was good and his winning goal was classy and full of the quality you'd expect. Taarabt is hardly a one man team, but the icing on an already sweet-tasting cake.


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|« Assignments, Exams, Allergy testing etc (O non G)
|Exercise: The Final Frontier »
Harvesting (O non Gath)
Well, the veggie garden is finally paying off. We have zucchinis that we've grown ourselves, spinach, chard, kale, beetroots and more lettuce than we know what to do with. The zucchinis are a bit of a problem though as they seem to have done really well and taken over half the plot; blocking the sunlight for the beans and peas. The beans are still valiantly climbing towards the light, however the gigantic zucchini plants (which I actually bought as they were meant to be bush varieties) are taking over the area.
Perth's interesting from a gardening perspective. Whereas the Eastern states seem to get most of their rain in the summer months, Perth appears to receive it predominantly over winter. This has been great for the plants and we hardly need to water them. The sandy soil has been a bit of a challenge, but with the addition of some compost, potash, lime and slow release organic fertilisers, it seems to be yielding well.
It could just be me, but the food tastes so much better as well. Roasted fresh beetroot has to be my favourite. The skin is still soft enough to leave it on while you eat them and leaving some of the stalks attached gives them a lovely crunch as well. When we harvested some carrots it was decadent to have steak with roasted carrots (with a little ghee and agave syrup), beetroots and walnuts.
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Enjoy your produce...
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Having worked at 3 different User-Centred Design (UCD) consultancies in the last few years (Flow Interactive, Amberlight, and Oyster Partners), I can confidently say that the type of project most commonly requested by clients looks like this:
- Client delivers test materials (e.g. prototype of new website)
- 8-12 user test sessions are carried out by the UCD consultant (the client may watch a small number)
- UCD consultant locks him/herself in a room, analyzes data and writes a report
- Report is delivered in a debrief presentation to the client
- Project ends, UCD consultant leaves and doesn't get spoken to again for weeks or months.
It suddenly stuck me today how un-user-centred this method actually is. Sure, you get a cheaper project with a good number of users, but ultimately the consultant just throws their findings over the wall and hopes that their client catches them.
The amount of times I've seen a UCD consultant looking at the finished implementation months later, saying something like "Oh man! Didn't those guys listen to the presentation?"
The problem is, the client stakeholders simply aren't very engaged in this kind of project. Watching a few sessions just doesn't cut it. Have you ever tried watching a series of user testing sessions? From a darkened room behind a 2-way mirror? The passiveness and repetitiveness can really send you off to sleep.
So how do you get the client stakeholders involved? The solution I've been using recently at Flow Interactive is Rapid Iterative User Testing. Put simply, you run design workshops between the test sessions. You talk to the client, you analyze the findings together and then, most importantly, as a group you tweak the design of the thing you're testing. (Often the prototypes we test are UI mock-ups, so tweaking is a cinch).
Not only does it involve everyone and keep them interested during the test sessions, but it means that you get to make sure your design recommendations actually work in practice.
The main problem with this method is that it can cost more. More client stakeholders need to turn up, and the sessions may need to be spread over more days. But it hugely improves the output of the project. Instead of a report detailing the prototype's failures, the final prototype that emerges from the testing is a living, tested implementation of your design recommendations.
Try it!


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Well, now that I have introduced myself, it's time to introduce my work. I've chosen a few photos out of my collections that not only do I consider to be my favorites, but the very essence of who I am as an artist. Although each one is made from polymer clay, each one is so different and keep the ever evolving artist theme. I hope you enjoy!
*Note: This blog does not include every collection*
The Odd Ones:
I think this is my favorite collection by far because it stays true to the "Be truly unique with wearable art," theme. These little guys come with names like Puppy Love, DAMR (Domo Arigato Mr. Roboto), Moranis, Senor Cheese, and Mr. Moo. What I love most is also the fact that each one has a different personality. You take one look at them and you know they have a story behind them. They are fairly large measuring anywhere from two and half to three inches. The best part though is their moveable arms and legs! I didn't want my Odd friends to just sit around and do nothing! Each one can dance(um, you have to help em a bit) , sit, and lay down. If you didn't want these as jewelry, they can easily be converted to keepsakes. I haven't been able to make new Odd Ones yet, but I have already created a list of new characters. Some of these are a little darker, more mysterious, and well.. no suprises yet...:)
Hana: Translation-Flower in Japanese
I have chosen two flowers from my Hana collection, although there is more in there.
The first is my Signature Clay Rose. I call it my signature because although many clay artists make clay roses, I find that mine are especially unique because of their realism. You won't find anything made to look so delicate and real as my clay roses. The next are my cherry blossoms. These little cherry blossoms or "sakura" in Japanese are embellished with a little faux pearl in the center. I've loved sakura all of my life and I had to have these as part of Ichiban Joyas. I've also been brainstorming new flowers, so stay tuned to see more added to this collection.
Mini and Kawaii
Yesterday, I mentioned that I really liked food miniatures and I used to take the Japanese food miniatures and make them in to jewelry. Well, this is my collection of all things mini, yummy, and kawaii.
This blog features my choco earrings, mini fortune cookies in a bottle. Although not added here in the photos, I do make my own fruit drinks with fruit slices, icecreams, donuts, and fortune cookies. Oh and I'm going to change it up a little and make these items a little more sinful, stay tuned. :)
Vintage Style Tiles:
This line was actually inspired by my best friend Stephanie. She happens to love Alice in Wonderland and requested that I make her some jewelry with the classic Alice in Wonderland theme. Well, my bff gets anything, so of course I designed a line just for her! So far, I've only been able to make one of these, but I won't be staying with just one theme for long. You will definitely see different ones in the future.
Custom Orders:
Quite possibly the coolest collection in Ichiban Joyas. These definitely challenge me and I told my friend Gigi the other day that I loved her "Lists of Orders," yes, (she makes LISTS for me to make), because they make me step out of my clay box.:) I just finished one of her lists the other day and she already has a new one, plus a full OOAK sculpture I need to make for her. She has been so amazing lately and I am so grateful for her kindness and her friendship. Here you will see a compact made with a real mirror, a notebook with real rings and a swarovski crystal embellishment, a Hello Kitty and Yoshi!
So this is my first introduction to the many collections of Ichiban Joyas. I can't wait to show you guys more! If you have any questions, feel free to message me anytime, I'd love to hear from you.
Have a good night..
Jenn :)
Song of the night:
Nadia Ali~Try
Monday, April 12, 2010
The Many Collections of Ichiban Joyas!
Posted by Ichiban Joyas! at 8:48 PM
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According to The Hollywood Reporter, MTV has ordered a half-hour comedy developed by Boricua superstar Jennifer Lopez. The project will reportedly center on a recent New York University graduate named Lina Molina who is forced to return home to Texas and her eccentric Mexican family due to crappy job prospects and the failed economy.
J.Lo Pairs with 'Ugly Betty' Creator for New Dramedy
The comedy will reportedly be written by Grace Parra (Work It) and executive produced by J.Lo's Nuyorican Productions partner, Simon Fields. In addition, manager Benny Medina will also serve as co-executive producer to the project. J.Lo's been so busy lately that we're having a hard time keeping up!
Jennifer Lopez to Launch Digital Video Series for Teens
In September, we reported that the 42-year-old Puerto Rican was teaming up with Ugly Betty creator Silvio Horta to develop a dramedy about a Latino family for Fox. Also, Lopez has plans to launch a digital video series for teens, which will be titled Tiger Beat Entertainment and will include news about celebrities, film, music, and more. Then, of course, there's Q'Viva: The Chosen, Lopez's musical reality show with estranged husband, Marc Anthony. And, in January, you can see Lopez herself as a judge on American Idol.
How does J.Lo find the time for all this?


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Hello all, I have just begun the process of finding a destination. one of my friends just had a destination wedding we went to in cancun! that is where my fiance decided to pop the question. but now i have a very important question!!!! i want the best for my money, does anyone know where the best deal is? looking for something warm of course and out of the united states! please help!
thanks everyone


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Swung (2015)
Drama, Romance2015 Year 87 Mins 4.5 Imdb
Elena Anaya, Owen McDonnell, Elaine M. Ellis
When an encounter with the swinging scene has an unexpected impact on David's impotence, Alice thinks she might have found the solution to all their problems, but the poly-amorous world is a difficult place for a love story to flourish.
Movie Information
- Production Co: Boudica Films
- Released: 11 December 2015
- Imdb Rating: 4.5
- Runtime: 87 Mins.
- Writer: Ewan Morrison
- Director: Colin Kennedy
- Cast: Elena Anaya, Owen McDonnell, Elaine M. Ellis


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|Page 2 of 2 <
Five myths about Middle East peace
The Obama administration -- which spent the better part of the past year not sure whether it wanted to punish the Israelis or pander to them -- decided to make a comprehensive freeze on settlements the make-or-break issue. President Obama believed (wrongly) that he could push the Israelis into agreeing to such a freeze, something not even the most dovish Israeli prime minister would ever do. As recently as last month at the U.N. General Assembly, Obama stated that Israel should extend the settlement moratorium -- when it was already clear that Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu would not. Such declarations make the United States look weak and feckless.
The administration may be learning. To keep the current talks afloat, it seems to be offering both sides assurances on the substance of the negotiations: for the Israelis, security guarantees that might constrain Palestinian sovereignty; for the Palestinians, a commitment on the June 1967 borders, with land swaps from Israel proper for any West Bank territory the Israelis plan to annex. This is risky if the assurances go too far, but it shows that Obama now understands that fighting Israel over settlements is a dead end.
5. Arab-Israeli peace is critical to securing U.S. interests in the Middle East.
It would help, but it wouldn't come close to overcoming our challenges in a region so troubled and turbulent. National security adviser James Jones got caught up in this belief, asserting in 2009 that "if there was one problem that I would recommend to the president [to solve], this would be it."
Arab-Israeli peace will not stabilize Afghanistan or facilitate an extrication of U.S. forces from there. It will not create a viable political contract among Iraq's Sunnis, Shiites and Kurds. It will not stop Iran from acquiring enough fissile material to make a nuclear weapon. It will not force Arab states to respect human rights. Nor will it end anti-American sentiment fueled by our support for authoritarian Arab regimes, our deployment of forces in Afghanistan and Iraq, our war against terror and our close relationship with Israel.
In fact, an agreement between Israelis and Palestinians that does not prove viable and is not seen as fair will make our position in this region even more difficult. The president shouldn't minimize the importance of Israeli-Palestinian peace, but he shouldn't oversell it, either.
Aaron David Miller, a public policy scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, has advised several U.S. secretaries of state on the Middle East peace process. He is the author of the forthcoming "Can America Have Another Great President?"
Want to challenge everything you think you know? Visit the "Five Myths" archive.


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Dianna R. Evans
Thanks - Poem by Dianna R. Evans
THANKS THANKS to whom ever told the guidence counceler im comiting suisiced
THANKS to whom thinks that telling people shit like is gonna stop me
THANKS to the one who broke my heart
THANKS to my sister that ruined my life
THANKS to you I hate my life
THANKS to my friend that gave me the idea to start cutting myself
THANKS to this stupid world I HATE BEING ME! ! !
THANKS just thanks I dont have nothing else to say to anyone.
Comments about Thanks by Dianna R. Evans
Dianna Renate Evans (8/26/2013 7:15:00 AM)
There is no reason to lie about ur emotion when u r writing... (Report) Reply
Kelsi Brockway (2/1/2012 12:49:00 PM)
I used to cut and everyone would tell me how i should stop and love my self. But the thing is sometimes it is not about whether or not you love your self it's because you loved some one else. i was hospitalized. My point is not to tell you to countinue to cut but to tell you there are others who have gone through the same thing. Your not alone. (Report) Reply
Unwritten Soul (12/22/2011 5:29:00 AM)
Diana, you wrote what you feel...and you tell what you got, pain and dark stain in your skin or mind..Tha's good...but, Must see that the one who always should take care of yourself is you, yourself first...because you know how much you worth than others, they dont know what you can bring...so save yourself from all lost words from anyone, build your strength as nothing can bring you down except yourself, you write nicely but hope you can write brighter next time, a poetry is not about sadness all time, but it's about idea how to struggle in life through the lesson we learn..rise and dont lose yourself by other tongues. But like '15mins of Fames' said, a lot of people there still have good hearts..just do as best as u can, thanks for inviting_Unwritten Soul (Report) Reply
A Lifetime Of Fame (12/20/2011 11:12:00 AM)
Dear Dianna,
Beautiful writing. I can see exactly where you are coming from. Your words shine as a public beacon for all those who are like us. However I just wanted to remind you that there are still good people in the world who genuinely care. We may be few and far between, but we're not extinct. Amazing writing though. Keep it up! (Report) Reply
Vipins Puthooran (12/19/2011 1:05:00 PM)
Hii Dianna,
Though 'tis an amazin' write, I like to say you again LOVE, LIVE and LEARN! ! !
You're so talented and bring this world th' bright light! ! ! Top marks! ! ! (Report) Reply
Molay Toufik (12/19/2011 11:29:00 AM)
Tanks and Tanks With This Wonderful line i lov'it (Report) Reply
Dianna Renate Evans (12/19/2011 10:43:00 AM)
aww ur so great ur a AWESOME friend ur a strong gurl to and i belive we can pull thro this world together... :) (Report) Reply
*BleedingHeart* *Arielle* (12/16/2011 10:55:00 PM)
That was amazing i lvoed it it explained the world so greta andi know how u feel people have told my counselor i was gonna kill myself like 5 times and only 2 times it was true but i didnt do it ur a strong girl and ik u cna fight through anything (Report) Reply
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Dianna R. Evans's Other Poems
Famous Poems
Phenomenal Woman
Maya Angelou
Still I Rise
Maya Angelou
The Road Not Taken
Robert Frost
If You Forget Me
Pablo Neruda
Langston Hughes
Annabel Lee
Edgar Allan Poe
Caged Bird
Maya Angelou
Rudyard Kipling
Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening
Robert Frost
I Do Not Love You Except Because I Love You
Pablo Neruda


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Thank You!


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Mary Blaylock Clark- Lou and Oscar Gross, John Wallace Clark
I am looking for descendants of Levi Roy and Mary Ann Blaylock Clark, who was born in Ozark,Arkansas, lived in Van Buren, Arkansas,and Roland, Oklahoma, died in Riverside,California in 1930, and is buried at Olivewood Cemetery. Her children lived in Riverside,San Diego, Azusa,California and also Roland,Oklahoma. She was the widow of Levi Roy Clark who died in Arkansas. Her children: Effie Ann Clark, who was a school teacher in Riverside; John Wallace Clark, from Roland, Oklahoma; Lou Gross,Who was married to an Oscar Gross,who lived in Roland,William or Will Clark, Born Van Buren,Arkansas, and lived in Roland,OK,Riverside, and San Diego? Minnie Maye Clark, Who married Benjamin Franklin Hughes, and lived on Linden street and also Park St. in Riverside;Roy Lee Clark,b.Arkansas.D. Riverside, Ca.and last
but not least Mary Florence Clark Mann. Florence had a son named Robert, who lived in Palm Desert, and worked at the Country Club. He has a park named after him. Thank You.


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Cindy L. Harwell, 53
Cindy L. Harwell, age 53, of River Falls, Wis., passed away on May 5 at Regions Hospital in St. Paul, Minn.
Cindy was born on Feb. 26, 1960, in Menomonie, Wis., to James and Emmy (Villman) Winoske. She was a beloved wife, mother, sister, and daughter.
She is survived by her husband, Bob Harwell of River Falls; son Lamar Land of Chicago, Ill.; daughter, Tamar Land of Hudson, Wis.; son Payton Harwell of River Falls; stepdaughter, Janessa (Nate) Keller of Blaine, Minn.; grandchildren, Brynn and Chloe Keller of Blaine, Minn.; sister, Jody (Mark) LaPoint of Petaluma, Calif.; brother, David Winoske of Wilson, Wis.; and parents, James and Emmy Winoske of Wilson.
A Gathering of Friends and Family will take place from 1-5 p.m. Saturday, May 11, at 1701 Industrial St. #14, Hudson, WI 54016.
Services are entrusted to the O'Connell Family Funeral Home of Hudson, 715-386-3725, www.oconnellfuneralhomes.com.


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Society proposes building school
Published 7:23 pm, Thursday, September 26, 2013
RIDGEFIELD -- The Society of St. Pius X -- a staunchly conservative Roman Catholic organization -- wants to build a 7,500-foot school on land it owns on Tackora Trail.
The Planning and Zoning Commission will hold a hearing about the proposal at its meeting Tuesday at 7:30 p.m. in the Town Hall Annex on Prospect Street.
The Society owns a chapel and retreat house on a site near Lake Mamanasco. Its followers have rejected many of the reforms in the Roman Catholic Church of the past half-century. It celebrates its Masses in Latin.
The society now has a small school within the space of its existing buildings. It wants to build an entirely new building -- the Padre Pio Academy -- on its grounds.
Town Planner Betty Brosius said the Society of St. Pius X has an special exemption to operate a religious institution in a residential area.
The commission would have to expand that special permit to allow the construction of the new school, she said. Because of the size of the building, the commission decided to hold a public hearing on the proposal.


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Les Misérables [2012] [PG-13]
- 5.6.4
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Unlike the MPAA we do not assign one inscrutable rating based on age, but 3 objective ratings for SEX/NUDITY, VIOLENCE/GORE and PROFANITY on a scale of 0 to 10, from lowest to highest, depending on quantity and context.
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Musical based on Victor Hugo's classic novel: In 19th century France Jean Valjean (Hugh Jackman) is released from prison after almost two decades of hard labor for stealing a loaf of bread. He continues to be pursued by Inspector Javert (Russell Crowe) for breaking parole, as he tries to redeem himself by taking care of dying factory worker Fantine (Anne Hathaway) and her daughter Cosette (Amanda Seyfried). Also with Sacha Baron Cohen, Helena Bonham Carter, Eddie Redmayne, Aaron Tveit, Samantha Barks and Isabelle Allen. Directed by Tom Hooper. [2:37]
SEX/NUDITY 5 - A man pulls a woman's dress off her shoulder, kisses her neck, lifts her skirt, he pushes her back onto a makeshift bed and thrusts on top of her while she cries; he pays her and leaves.
► In
a brief scene a woman is seen sitting on a man dressed as Santa and
she thrusts sexually while exclaiming.
► A man touches a woman's clothed breast. A man caresses a woman's leg. A man lifts up a woman's skirt using his cane and touches her clothed breasts (please see the Violence/Gore category for more details). A woman sits on a man's lap and caresses his neck. A man kisses a woman to distract her and then steals the chair she had been sitting in. A man talks to women working in his sewing factory and slaps one woman on the clothed buttock while saying, "sitting on your bum."
► A man's short pants reveal the lower portion of his bare buttocks in a couple of scenes. Women (implied to be prostitutes) wear low-cut dresses that reveal cleavage and bare shoulders. Women wear low-cut dresses that reveal cleavage in a drinking establishment. A woman wears a deeply cut dress that reveals her ample cleavage. A young woman is shown lashing her breasts to disguise herself as a young man.
► Several women are shown standing and making invitations to men as they pass (it is implied that the women are prostitutes). Women in a drinking establishment appear to be propositioning customers. A woman acts in a flirtatious manner with a man in a couple of scenes and they kiss. A woman acts in a flirtatious manner with men in a few scenes and then steals from them. A man kisses a young woman on the head after she dies.
► A husband and his wife kiss. A husband kisses his wife's hand. Men and women dance at a wedding celebration.
► Several women in a sewing factory argue over a letter and when confronted by management one of the women says that another woman "Earns her keep sleeping around," that she has a child and that her husband left her. A man makes suggestive remarks to a worker in a sewing factory and refers to her as "A prim and clean virgin." A man accuses a woman of being less that pure and clean.
VIOLENCE/GORE 6 - A battle sequence shows a flurry of gunfire and we see men collapsing from being struck: a man takes aim at another man and a young woman disguised as a young man grabs the gun's barrel and presses it to her chest (she is shot and falls to the ground where we see blood collecting on her chest and she dies). During a battle sequence cannons are loaded and fired at a barricade causing the wood to splinter and several men fall dead (we see some bloody wounds), a man is stabbed with a bayonet and other men fight hand-to-hand; several men run into a building and they are shot through the floor, several men are held at gunpoint and then shot repeatedly at close range and one man falls out a window hanging by his leg and we see him soaked with blood; we see piles of dead bodies and a river of blood on a street.
► A young boy is shot at and then shot twice and he falls back dead (a man rushes to retrieve the boy's body and we see the boy lying dead with his eyes open). A man jumps off a bridge and lands on a cement wall in swirling water below, killing himself; we see his body wash away with the flowing water.
► We see many men and young men loading weapons and preparing for a rebellion; they interrupt a military funeral procession and gunfire is exchanged (we see an elderly woman struck and she falls to the ground, presumably dead, no blood is seen); men with swords on horseback ride through and slash people on the ground.
► A man draws a sword on another man who grabs a plank of wood and they fight (the fight ends before either man is injured). Several men grab and restrain another man after a boy accuses him of lying; the man struggles and fights back until he is struck in the head and he falls unconscious (no blood is seen). A man pulls a knife on another man; he then fires a gun in the air and tells him to leave (the man is uninjured). A man holds a barrel of gunpowder and threatens to blow it and himself up (he does not).
► We see many men (prisoners), chained and forced to pull heavy ropes attached to a huge sailing ship (the men are dirty and scruffy and some are shown with bloody cuts and abrasions on their faces).
► A man pulls teeth from a woman's mouth; we see her held down and the man approaches her mouth with a tool (we see her with swollen cheeks and a bit of blood on her mouth later).
► A man and a young girl run from an officer on horseback; they run through narrow passages and up and over a stone wall. A man chases a man carrying a wounded man through streets and sewers (we see both men covered with sewer muck). A man lifts up a woman's skirt using his cane and touches her clothed breasts (cleavage and shoulders are visible); the woman scratches his face (we see bloody scratches) and spits on him and the man calls for the police (the woman is taken away by another man).
► A man steals silver from a church, runs away and is dragged back by police officers that hit him in the head (we see blood on his head). People with sticks beat a man repeatedly. Children throw rocks at a man; he yells at them and they scatter. A woman working in a sewing factory is thrown out onto the street and she yells for help. A man is shown on his knees with his hands tied behind his back and a heavy rope around his neck. A man punches another man in the face (we see blood on his mouth).
► A woman is shown feverish and delirious in a hospital bed, she imagines seeing her young daughter and she then dies. A man imagines seeing a woman who passed away years ago coming for him as an angel before he dies. A man is shown dead in a chair.
► A man and a woman distract customers in their drinking establishment and steal their wallets and hats. A woman threatens a young girl and forces her to work and fetch water. A woman pulls a man's ear and yells at him. A man calls a young woman into the house and appears frightened.
► A man asks for food and shelter and people turn him away repeatedly. We see many poor, dirty, starving people on streets and one woman appears to be holding a lifeless infant wrapped in a cloth; the people have sores on their faces and are missing teeth and one man walks with a crutch and is missing a leg below the knee. A woman is shown having her hair cut off for money. We see a young girl, bare foot and in the snow. We see scars on a man's wrists from handcuffs. We see a man with a bandaged arm and using a cane from bullet wounds.
► A man is shown trapped under a heavy cart and another man lifts it and frees him. A man lifts a downed mast and drags it on his shoulder. Furniture and other items are thrown out of windows and to the street where barricades are built.
► A man tells a young girl that her mother is dead. We hear that a man is dead. We hear that a man was imprisoned for stealing bread to feed his starving nephew. A man tells several young men that opposing forces "intend to starve you out and attack at morning." A man says that he was born inside a jail and that he is "from the gutter too." A character repeats "everyone is equal when they are dead." A man and a woman try to blackmail a man for 500 francs. A woman grieves over her dead father. Several women in a sewing factory argue over a letter and when confronted by management one of the women says that another woman "Earns her keep sleeping around," that she has a child and that her husband left her.
► A man urinates into a man's drinking mug and passes it back to him (we see the stream). A cat's tail is chopped off (we see the butcher knife come down and the tail separates)
and a rat is cut in half (we see blood and gore) and both are thrown
into a meat grinder by a man and a woman; they also dump various
other objects, including a fake leg, and we see ground meat
extruding. A man spits on another man. A young woman spits on a man's face and he slaps her in the face. We see women mopping up blood left on a street after a battle. A man and a woman are shown being carried out of a party by guards and placed on the street.
► We see several men unconscious from drinking and one man seems to have vomit on his beard. A man's teeth are blackened and he has scars on his head. A man eats ravenously.
PROFANITY 4 - 6 sexual references, 1 scatological term, 1 anatomical term, 6 mild obscenities, name-calling (thief, Lucifer, worms, maggots, snake in the grass, devil), exclamations (bloody), 3 religious exclamations. [profanity glossary]
SUBSTANCE USE - A woman drinks from a vial (it is not clear what it contains), several men are shown unconscious from drink and one man is shown lapping up alcohol from a bowl, people are shown drinking wine and alcohol in a few drinking establishment scenes, a remark is made about letting the wine go to your brains, a man drinks a beer, men are shown drinking alcohol and smoking pipes at a barricade, and a woman drinks champagne. A man smokes a pipe, and several men smoke pipes in drinking establishment scenes and in a meeting room.
DISCUSSION TOPICS - The French Revolution, redemption, mercy, kindness, parole freedom, crime, survival, generosity, greed, honesty, cruelty, honor, obsession, disgrace, martyrdom, hate, shame, sin, life changes, hope, liberty, dreams, right and wrong, misjudgments, shame, desire, despair, rebellion, suffering, noble works, grief, guilt, death of loved ones, sacrifice, falling from grace, love, secrets, revenge, friendship, suicide, separation, happiness, trust, inequality, danger, yearning for truth, fear, jealousy.
MESSAGE - Redemption is possible through good deeds and caring for others.
Special Keywords: S5 - V6 - P4 - MPAAPG-13
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|Notable Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka
Kirti Sri Rajasinha of Sri Lanka, Sri Vikrama Rajasinha of Sri Lanka, M. G. Ramachandran, Muttiah Muralitharan
|Total population
|855,025 (2001) [1]
|Regions with significant populations
| Sri Lanka
|Related ethnic groups
The Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka are Tamil people of Indian origin in Sri Lanka. They are also known as Hill country Tamils, Up-country Tamils or simply Indian Tamils. They are partly descended from workers sent from South India to Sri Lanka in the 19th and 20th centuries to work in coffee, tea and rubber plantations. Some also migrated on their own as merchants and as other service providers. These Tamil-speakers mostly live in the central highlands, also known as the Malayakam or Hill Country yet others are also found major urban areas and in the Northern province. Although they are all termed as Tamils today, some have Telugu and Malayalee origins as well as diverse South Indian caste origins. They are instrumental in the plantation sector economy of Sri Lanka. In general socio economically their standard of living is below that of the national average. In 1964 a large percentage were expatriated back to India but left a considerable number as stateless people. By 1990's most of these have been given Sri Lankan citizenship. Most are Hindus with a minority of Christians and Muslims amongst them. Politically they are supportive of trade union derived political parties that have supported most of the ruling coalition since the 1980s.
There are today two groups of Tamils in Sri Lanka. The first are the Sri Lankan Tamils, who either descend from the Tamils of the old Jaffna kingdom or who migrated to the East coast. The second are the Indian Tamils or Hill Country Tamils, who are descendants of bonded labourers sent from Tamil Nadu to Sri Lanka in the 19th century to work in tea plantations.[2] Sri Lankan Tamils mostly live in the Northern and Eastern provinces and in the capital of Colombo, whereas hill-country Tamils largely live in the central highlands.[1] The Hill Country Tamils and Ceylon Tamils historically have seen themselves as separate communities. In 1949, the United National Party Government, which included G. G. Ponnambalam, a leader of the Tamil Congress and of the Sri Lankan Tamils, stripped the Indian Tamils of their nationality, including their right to vote. Prominent Tamil political leaders such as S. J. V. Chelvanayakam and his Tamil opposition party opposed this move.[3]
Under an agreement between the Sri Lankan and Indian governments in the 1960s, around 40% of Hill Country Tamils were granted Sri Lankan nationality, and many of the remainder were repatriated to India.[4] However, the ethnic conflict has led to the growth of a greater sense of common Tamil identity, and the two groups are now more supportive of each other.[5] By the 1990s most Indian Tamils had received Sri Lankan citizenship.[4]
Historically Sri Lankan monarchs have used the services of South Indian labor since centuries BCE. According to the primary source Mahavamsa, number service groups from Pandyan kingdom in present day Tamil Nadu accompanied the settlement of Anuradhapura by Prakrit speakers. There is epigraphic evidence of traders and others self identifying as Damelas or Damedas (Sinhala and Sinhala prakrit for Tamils) in Anuradhapura and other areas of Sri Lanka as early as 2nd century BCE. The idea of looking upon the Demedas as aliens was not prevalent in the Early Historical Period.[6]
South Indian soldiers were brought to Anuradhapura in ever larger numbers in the seventh, eight, ninth and tenth centuries ACE leading to number of rulers relying on their help to consolidate and rule, Raja Raja Chola (Who had a Hon.title UDAYAR was from the Raja Kula Agammudayar caste) created a town called Jananathamangalam,near Anuradhapura and settled Velakkara(Maravar), & Agampadi (Agampu+adi) soldiers(Agammudayar),(These two Castes were sub divisions from the Tamil Mukkulathor caste),they eventually got assimilated to Sinhala society,the sinhala family name Palihakkara (Palaikkarar) originated from the Velakkara soldiers and the suffix Agampodi in front of some names of the Salagama sub caste "Hewapanne"(militia)originated from the agampadi soldiers,who married Salagama Hewapanne women, There was also large scale mercantile activity from peninsular India primarily from the Coromandel Coast.[7]
The majority Sinhalese caste structure, which is a flexible system with no religious sanctions attached to it, has accommodated the recent Hindu immigrants from South India leading to the emergence of three new Sinhalese caste groups-the Salagama, the Durava and the Karava.[8][9] This migration and assimilation happened until the eighteenth century.[8] Salagamas whose caste legends allude to South India, came as Nambudiri brahmins from Kerala, for the coronation ceremony of King Vijayabahu I, & for the coronation ceremony of Prince Wathhimi,& also as specialized service providers as weavers & as mercenary soldiers (Agampadi soldiers) from Tamil Nadu, but some of them, were punished by the King of Kotte who imposed cinnomon as a tax, eventually they became cinnamon peelers. How and when this happened is unclear, but according to some historians it was in 1406 by the King of Kotte.[8]
The Hill Country Tamils derive their origins from a British colonial era project. According to Professor Bertram Bastianpillai, workers around the Tamil Nadu cities of Thirunelveli, Tiruchi, Madurai and Tanjore were recruited from 1827[10] by Governor Sir Edward Barnes on the request of George Bird, a pioneering planter.[11] There is also a trading community of Indian Tamils who were not part of the plantation economy.[12] As soon as these migrant workers were brought to Mannar, the port at which they landed on their arrival by boat from South India, they were moved via Kurunagela to camps in the town of Matale. There they were quarantined for a period of a week or more, examined for infectious diseases such as small pox, cholera or typhoid and vaccinated them against these diseases before they were sent to Kandy, from where they were dispersed to locations where they would either work on estates already established by a pervious gang of workers or clear the jungle to establish new ones. Many died during their firs few months of employment.[11] They were instrumental in the establishment of tea, rubber, coffee and coconut plantations. They formed the bulk of the labour force that turned the malaria-infested forests of Sri Lanka into rich plantations, which sustains the Sri Lankan economy until now.[5][13]
Census operations started in Sri Lanka in 1871. The Census of 1871, 1881, 1891 and 1901 had lumped together Sri Lankan Tamils and Indian Tamils. Since 1911, Indian Tamils have been shown as a separate category. The population statistics are revealing. In 1911, Indian Tamils constituted 12.9 per cent of the population, whereas Sri Lankan Tamils formed 12.8 per cent; in 1921, 13.4 per cent and 11.5 per cent; in 1931, 15.2 and 11.3; in 1946, 11.7 and 11.0; in 1953, 12.0 and 10.9; in 1963, 10.6 and 11.0; in 1971, 11.6 and 11.2; and in 1981, 5.5 per cent and 12.7 per cent respectively.[5]
The statistics reveal a more than 50 per cent fall in the Indian Tamil population between 1971 and 1981. The main reason for the fall was the repatriation of Indian citizens to India. Another fact is that that many Indian Tamils, after acquiring Sri Lankan citizenship, declared themselves as Sri Lankan Tamils. Some Tamils who migrated to urban areas and also to the North and the East also followed this same example.[5]
The social structure of the plantations resembles the South Indian rural social structure. The community is generalyy bound by caste system. In a plantation, the tea factory is the center of activities and it stands in the central part of the plantation. The office adjoins this and these are surrounded by the quarters of the staff members such as clerks, tea makers, conductors, petty accountants or kanakkupillais, and supervisors. The bungalows of the planter and his assistants are in an isolated areas. These will be in close proximity to the office. The dwellings of the workers called line rooms are situated a little further away from the factories.[11]
Those who are considered to be of higher castes such as Vellalas, Kallar, Agamudaiyar, Maravar, Naidus, Reddiars and Nairs occupy the first row of line rooms. They perform respectable jobs such as factory work and grinding of tea as minor labor work. Even though they belong to the labor category they are influential among conductors, tea makers, kanganies (or supervisors) and other officials. The workers considered low castes live in the dwellings that are away from the center and these dwellings are called distant or lower lines. This group consists of Pallar, Paraiyars, Sakkiliar, washers and barbers. The yard sweepers and changers of clothes are in the lowest rank.[11]
These groups follow the customs, traditions, and festivities of the South Indian Tamil ancestors. The traditional musical instruments such as Thappu and Parai are used and folk dances such as Kavadi, Kummi and Karaga Attam are performed. Folk dramas called Koothu in their various forms such as Ponnar Koothu, Sangaran Koothu, Arujunan Thabas, Kaman Koothu are still prevalent among them along with Silambadi as an important feature.[11]
In general they use Hindu beliefs to guide their day to day lives. There are number of temples and places of worship for deities on estates and in villages, towns and other places within Sri Lanka to which they have migrated. When a place is decided to be settled, the settlers would institute, under a banyan or bo tree, a triangular shaped stone or figure of a deity, plant a weapon of a popularly worshiped god such as a spear, trident or sword and worshiped these. The main deities worshiped ay are, in order of popularity, the goddess Mariamman, Murugan and his consorts, Valli and Theivanai, Pillayar, Siva, Parvathi, Vishnu and Laxmi, and the goddess of wisdom Saraswati.[11]
In 1981 about 90 percent of the Indian Tamils were Hindus[14]. They have little contact with Buddhism, and they worship the Hindu pantheon of gods. Their religious myths, stories of saints, literature, and rituals are distinct from the cultural sources of the Sinhalese. Furthermore, a minority of the Indian Tamils- 7.6 percent are converts to Christianity, with their own places of worship and separate cultural lives. In this way, the large Tamil minority in Sri Lanka is effectively separated from the mainstream Sinhalese culture and is fragmented into two major groups with their own Christian minorities[14]
The first known temple was built in Matale. It began as a stone an icon of the goddess Mariamman. At this very location where the worship of her began in 1820, the now-famous Matale Sri Muthumariamman Temple was built in 1852. The trading community of the Nattukotai Chettiars introduced the worship of Murugan in his form as Lord Kathiresan at Matale and was to subsequently build the Kathiresan temple at Matale. The annual festival of this temple is celebrated in the month of July. Devotees of the plantation sector walk from the tea estates and hometowns they live in to Kathirkamam, a place considered sacred by both Buddhists and Hindus, in the South of Sri Lanka, where Murugan is worshiped in the form of Skanda.[11]Deepavali, Pongal and Tamil New Year are commonly celebrated as festivals.
Each caste has its own deity based on caste predecessors and are worshiped as guardian angels, such as the Kallar caste had Nallananpillai Perumal as their guardian angel to whom vows and sacrifices made. Deities such as Madasamy, Muniandi, Kali, Madurai Veeran, Sangili Karuppan, Vaalraja, Vairavar, Veerabathran, Sudalai Madan, Nagaphooshani Ammann and Roda Mini are also worshiped.[11]
There were 104 registered Hindu temples in the Nuwara Eliya District, 153 in Kandy region and 62 in Matale in 2001. Religious schools or Araa Nerri Padasaligal are conducted throughout the Central Province and registered schools of such nature are, Nuwara Eliya 22, Kandy 54 and Matale 11. A considerable number of Hindu associations and Institutions have been established and are functioning actively. There is a serious effort at conversions to other religions as well. Many have converted to Christianity and Islam. Hindu organizations such as the Vishva Hindu Parishad tries to stem the tide of conversions.[11]
The community was a closed community confining themselves to the plantations, while t actively contributed and contributes to the economic well-being of this country but the socio economic indicators of the community was amongst the worst in the country. The community in general was isolated, living in ghettoes within the central region as well as linguistically isolated from the majority Sinhalese villagers who live in the valleys. They were captive labor whose life in its entity was decided by the employers. Any social relationship or cultural ties were only among themselves or with South India. In the 1940s the trade union movement had galvanized the plantation workers into a militant working class. They joined hands with the Lanka Sama Samaja (or Socialist) Party, which carried the message of a working class struggle for liberation from the exploitation by mostly British plantation companies.
Sri Lanka became independent in 1948 and the community believes that it became the first community marked out for discrimination by the new state of Ceylon in 1948. In the elections to the first parliament of Ceylon, seven Indian Tamil representatives were returned to Parliament. The plantation workers voted either for Indian Tamil candidates or for Lanka Sama Samaja Party candidates. Dr.N.M.Perera was the leader of the opposition in the 1st parliament and the Lanka Sama Samaja Party was the second largest party after the United National Party.[11]
The first Prime Minister, D.S. Senanayake of the conservative United National Party reacting to the possibilities of losing power to leftist political parties, commenced the task of weakening the leftist parties and their associate organizations. Indian Tamil labor had overwhelmingly supported these organizations. According opposition parties he was also influenced by segments of the majority Sinhalese population who felt their voting strength was diluted due to Indian Tamils. He introduced the Ceylon Citizenship Act of 1948, the Indian-Pakistani Citizenship act of 1949 and amended the parliamentary elections act and disfranchised the Indian Tamils along with many persons of Indian and Pakistani ancestry. As they had no means of electing any one to the Parliament they ceased to be the concern of parliamentary politicians. The plantation workers were thus forgotten from 1948 - 1964. They were unable to profit by any progressive legislation. The housing, health and education of the plantation workers were neglected. Infant mortality was highest in the country. Although since the introduction of universal franchise in 1931, strong traditions of social welfare in Sri Lanka have given the island very high indicators of physical well-being. Impressive national statistics tended to hide the existence of deprived pockets within the population and the most deprived population group has been the plantation labor which had been economically, politically and socially deprived.[11]
The Donoughmore Commission of 1928 recommended universal franchise, and this was also meant to include the plantation workers as well. Page 57 of the report proposed
"In the first place we consider it very desirable that a qualification of five years residence in the Island (allowing the temporary absence not exceeding eight months in all during the five years period) should be introduced in order that the privilege of voting should be confined to those who have an abiding interest in the country or who may be regarded as permanently settled in the Island.... this condition will be of particular importance in its application to the Indian immigrant population. Secondly, we consider that the registration of voters should not be compulsory or automatic but should be restricted to those who apply for it...".
However, the very concept of Universal Franchise was anathema to most of the political leaders of that era. Ponnambalam Ramanathan, a highly respected leader, opposed universal franchise as he felt that the caste system was an integral part of the Hindu way of life([15], p16), and led a delegation to London seeking to legally enshrine the caste hierarchy, and dethrone universal franchise. The Kandyan Sinhalese also objected to the enfranchisement of the Indian estate workers as they feared that their electoral base would be diluted by a large influx of Indian Tamil votes. They also argued that the Tea estates were land plundered by the British, and that the Kandyan peasants have been driven from their traditional lands and those injustices would be compounded if the Indian workers were legitimized. Governor Stanley, by an order in Council introduced restrictions on the citizenship of Indian workers to make the Donoughmore proposals acceptable to the Ceylonese leaders. Thus the first state council of 1931, which consisted of many Tamil and Sinhalese members, agreed to not to enfranchise the majority of the Indian estate workers. (p 36 [15]),
A decade later, the Soulbury Commission which paved the way for the independence of Ceylon recognized the
"anxieties arising out of the likelihood of large-scale enfranchisement of the Indian immigrants"
, The Commission, therefore, left the existing basis of franchise in Sri Lanka undisturbed([16] p. 217).D. S. Senanayake had led the 1941 talks with Sir G. S. Bajpai of India and had reach agreement on modalities of repatriation and citizenship, although they were finally not ratified by Indian prime minister Nehru. D. S. Senanayake had expressed the wish to
"embrace all Indian workers who integrate into the country as members of the Ceylonese nation"
, and had been relatively sympathetic, as early as 1928, and as late as 1941,to the granting of citizenship to Indian workers who wished to become permanent residents of the Island.
The Soulbury constitution came into effect in 1946. In trying to cobble an all-party cabinet inclusive of the Tamils, led by G. G. Ponnambalam, the Sinhalese nationalist groups led by S. W. R. D Bandaranaike, the Kandyan Sinhalese, Senanayake had to find a compromise formula. The 1947 elections had returned 6 representatives from the Ceylon Indian Congress (CIC), based on the votes of the franchised Indian workers and hill-country Tamils. Although this worried the Kandyans, the main reason for Senanayake and others to review their attitude to Indian workers was the growing threat of Marxist infiltration into estate trade unions. In this he had won the concurrence of G. G. Ponnambalam for the second citizenship act which required ten years of residence in the Island as a condition for becoming citizens of the new nation. Senanayake, who had been very favorable to easy citizenship to the Indian workers had increasingly modified his views in the face of Marxist trade union activity. The Bracegirdle affaire ([17] p539) was regarded as the harbinger of such dangers. The fear of left-wing politics began to grow in the minds of Sri Lankan politicians of the era. The Colonial government responded to the agitation of the Leftists by imprisoning N. M. Perera, Colvin R. de Silva and other Left leaders. Anti Marxist feelings were shared by the main-stream Sinhalese and Tamil leaders alike. ([17], Ch. 36). The criticism in the house was leveled by Tamil members of the upper chamber (senate), like Senator Natesan, who pointed out that Senanayake had supported the franchise of the Indian Tamils till recently, and had "caved in" more recently.
As the first Prime Minister, D.S. Senanayake, leader of the United national Party (UNP), feared the strong possibilities of Marxist disruption of government and commenced the task of weakening the Marxist parties and their associate organizations. Thus the newly independent first cabinet introduced the Ceylon Citizenship Act of 1948, the Indian-Pakistani Citizenship act of 1949 and amended the parliamentary elections act. The requirements of ten years of residence for married persons, and seven years for unmarried persons, stipulated in the 1949 act were in line with the legislation used by European nations at the time. It also allowed citizenship to "a person born in Ceylon prior to the date of the Act coming into force, of a father born in Ceylon". However, this was in effect a continuation of the older, somewhat harsher status quo of the Indian workers in the 1930s, prior to the Donoughmore constitution which called for only five years residence.
However, Ponnambalam and Senanayake were strongly criticized by the Marxist groups as well as by the pro-Sri Lankan Tamil Federal Party (Sri Lanka), it branded Ponnambalam a "traitor", and Senanayake a "Sinhala extremist.". S. J. V. Chelvanayakam, the leader of the Tamil Arasu Kachchi, contested the citizenship act before the Supreme Court, and then in the Privy council in England, on grounds of discrimination towards minorities but the decision concluded that the citizenship act stipulated conditions well in line with those of European states.[18]. As the President of the Ceylon Indian Congress (CIC), S. Thondaman had contested the Nuwara Eliya seat at the 1947 general election and won. His party put forward seven candidates in the plantation electorates and six of them were returned. Thus Thondaman became the spokesperson of the plantation workers. The CIC sat with the opposition which included the Marxist parties. He opposed the 1948 citizenship act. Mr.Thondaman supported the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP)in the 1960 elections; after the victory of the SLFP he was appointed to the House of Representative as a nominated Member of Parliament. However, he opposed the 1964 Sirima-Shastri Indo-Ceylon citizenship act. After the victory of the UNP in 1965, S.Thondaman was named as appointed Member of Parliament by the UNP.
The J.R.Jayawardene government which came to power in 1977 rectified the existing short comings of the Indian citizenship act and granted citizenship to all Indian Estate workers (see below). Even at that time, Thondaman was the leader of the Ceylon Workers Congress, the party of the Hill-country Tamils, and had become a skillful player of minority-party politics. He had avoided joining with the Tamil United Liberation Front TULF resolutions of 1974 which had continued with the policies of the ITAK. Thus the hill-country Tamils have successfully charted a course of cooperating with successive Sri Lankan governments.
Based on the cultivation of cash crops, it is the dominant sector in the country's economy. It is a major earner of foreign exchange and the largest employer. Cheap labor is one of the essential ingredients of its success. Hence these immigrants were bonded and under paid. In 1921 workers were empowered to break these bonds of indebtedness tying them to the estates. The minimum wages ordinance was extended to plantation labor in 1927 marginally raising the wages that had not changed since the 19th century. This daily wages was 41 Cts. in 1933. Owing to trade union activities it was raised to Rs 17/83 in 1983, Rs 72/24 in 1993 and became Rs 101 in 1998. The wages of female workers was lesser than males but has been equalized since1984. Even though there was an increase in wages, the living wages are not sufficient to meet their day to day needs. The plantations were nationalized under the 1972 land reform law and its 1975 amendment. The state owned plantations are managed by the Sri Lanka Plantation Corporation & Janatha Estate Development Board. The nationalization did not result in any basic change on the plantation sector. The state has been forced to take a greater interest in the health, housing and general well-being of the laborers. Hence estate schools were nationalized and brought into the general educational system with the grant of Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) many schools were built. This helped the slight growth of literacy rates. With the increased unemployment, plantation sector youths looked for other avenues. A considerable number of Indian Tamil girls are employed in garment factories. Some work in the Middle East as housemaids. There is net migration towards urban areas as well as foreign countries. Prior to the commencement of the Sri Lankan civil war many had migrated to the northern province.[11][19] Now the plantation communities have the Plantation Human Development Trust, developed to protect their rights and ensure adequate facilities are provided such as creches and toilets. Other NGOs work towards the development of the plantation commmunities such as Shining Life Children's Trust and Hanguranketha Women's Foundation.
The Srima-Shastri pact of 1964 and Indira-Sirimavo supplementary agreement of 1974 paved the way for the repatriation of 600,000 persons of Indian origin to India. Another 375,000 persons were to accepted as citizens of Sri Lanka which made them enter the polity. These repatriation agreements were the harbingers of the destruction of this community, which had evolved into a composite group with a distinct culture of its own. In the fifties and sixties this community was clamoring for education and recognition of its distinctive culture. This brought in the emergence of a community consciousness and the artesian of a distinct community. An educated middle class comprising of teachers, trade unionists and other professional began to make its appearance. There was a vigorous campaign for social ameliorations and increased educational facilities. There was a growing spirit of resistance. People destroyed Indian passports and refused to go to India. Repatriation was resisted. International opinion was canvassed against deprivation of citizenship rights. The plantation people who were not prepared to leave, destitute, the land whose property they had built . They were prepared to fraternize within the Sinhalese and accept Sri Lankan leadership in the trade union movement. In the general election of 1977 they were able to elect 11 candidates. This helped the emergence of the plantation people as a political force, but they were faced with communal violence in 1977, 1983 and in 2000[5]. In 1984-5, to stop India intervening in Sri Lankan affairs, the UNP government eventually granted citizenship right to all stateless persons. The late Savumiamoorthy Thondaman was instrumental in using this electoral strength in assuring the socioeconomic conditions of hill country Tamils to improve.[11] The plight of the repatriated persons in India has not been good.[20]
Other Indian derived communities in Sri Lanka


text: > It looks good. All the bugs I reported are fixed :) But I did find one > additional bug in the TDavid module. It shows garbage in the NT. In the OT > it works fine even outside of the Psalms. But if you go to the last chapter > of Malachi (3) with the TDavid module showing and change to the next Chapter > which appropiately changes to Matthew Chapter 1, I get an access violation. The latest binary on the site fixed this. Thanks


text:
/ Dan Connolly <email@example.com> was heard to say: | On Tue, 2005-01-11 at 18:04 -0500, Norman Walsh wrote: |> / Dan Connolly <email@example.com> was heard to say: |> | Discussing changes with me first is great, but |> |> One thing I started working on was a new option, --flatxml that |> outputs a non-RDF XML representation of the data. | | Er... I'm curious... why? What does the flat xml representation | have that the RDF one doesn't? It's just easier to edit and validate. I'm hoping to get uploading working. Be seeing you, norm -- Norman Walsh <email@example.com> | It is as easy for the strong man to be http://nwalsh.com/ | strong, as it is for the weak to be | weak.-- EmersonReceived on Tuesday, 18 January 2005 20:41:56 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Wednesday, 7 January 2015 14:42:50 UTC


text:
Dennis Milam Bensie discusses a relationship of a different time period, but an issue still very present in our culture.
My parents, Clyde and Barbara Milam, were 172 days shy of their fifty-fifth wedding anniversary. They started dating when they were teenagers and parted at death in 2006. Dad passed away first. Mom died eight months later.
They had ups and downs when I was growing up, but I thought my mom and dad's marriage was boring. They were perfectly happy to stay at home all the time. Their routine was always the same: work, eat, sleep and watch TV. They didn't talk much. My parents never seemed to argue or fight, at least not in front of me.
Mother, not my father, was my hero. Seeing Dad assault her would have destroyed me.
I can honestly say that I could have never imagined them separating or getting a divorce.
Except once: my father threatened to hit my mother.
Straighten Up
The incident occurred in 1978 when I was thirteen years old, and it was very upsetting to me. I don't even remember what my parents had been discussing when he made the threat, but I knew he was serious. I was sitting six feet away from him in the living room when he said in a low voice, "Now Barbara, if you don't straighten up, I'm gonna have to hit you." He didn't curl up his fist or even touch her. He calmly stayed seated in his easy chair and pointed his finger at her like she was his property.
It was anything but boring at the Milam house that evening.
I glared at my dad, bracing for my destiny to change that moment. I was ready to protect my mom. She, not my father, was my hero. Seeing Dad assault her would have destroyed me.
Love, Honor and Obey
A few days after my dad threatened to hit my mom, I saw an episode of I Love Lucy that left me cold. I loved the show and had always thought that the Ricardos had the perfect marriage. However, the show took on a new meaning as I watched Ricky settle one of his disagreements with Lucy by turning her over his knee and spanking her. The show was a comedy, but the spanking seemed very real. I didn't think the spanking was funny. I remembered that it wasn't the first spanking I had seen on the show.
Like Ricky Ricardo, my dad was the "man of the house" and thought himself in charge. There was no doubt that my dad didn't consider his threat towards my mother out of line. My parents were married in 1951, the first year of I Love Lucy. Traditional wedding vows back then mandated that a wife was to obey her husband.
But what if a wife defied her husband? Did that give him permission to hit her?
I'm sure Dad had seen a TV husband strike his TV wife to keep her in line more than once. I felt kind of sick when I realized that my dad had somehow been taught that it was okay to discipline a woman by hitting her. Did my Grandpa Milam ever hit my Grandma Milam?
Oh my God.
Put Him In His Place
My mom wasn't exactly a feminist, but she wasn't anyone's fool. I can still picture her contemplating being hit by her husband, but she wasn't afraid. I even wondered if she might pick up some heavy thing and hit him back, but that wasn't her style.
I could feel it: My dad was stuck in the moment, but Mom was wisely thinking of the future.
I'm sure there were many things she could have said to her husband to put him in his place, yet Mom chose to keep quiet and not escalate the situation. Getting struck like Lucy Ricardo would have been the end of their marriage. I have no doubt that she would have packed a suitcase and left that night with me right behind her. Twenty-seven years of marriage down the drain.
Ultimately, Dad didn't hit Mom. I never looked at I Love Lucy the same way again.
My parents mended fences in private. From what I could tell, things went back to normal the next day. But I'm sure the threat made by my father had not passed as quickly as a half hour sitcom. Knowing my mother, she gave Dad an earful and I bet he apologized profusely. To my knowledge, he never threatened to hit her again. My parents remained married for twenty-seven more years.
I Love Lucy aside
It's spooky to think that in a moment of disagreement, my dad could have destroyed his family. Life as Mom, Dad and I knew it would have been different. My father would have been labeled an abusive husband for the rest of his life. My mom would have been a single mother.
The lesson I learned from was that you can't un-ring a bell, so be careful what you say or do to someone you love. It only takes one deal-breaker to break the deal.
I am glad Clyde and Barbara Milam had a "boring marriage". Yet, I now realize it could not have been too boring. They wouldn't have stayed together for fifty-five years.
Image Credit: Darren Baldwin


text:
Constituencies in Kisii and Nyamira counties dominate the top ten constituencies with the highest number of party nominees.
According to the final list summary by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC), seven constituencies from the two counties are in the top 10 positions of constituencies with the highest nominees.
The seven are led by Bobasi constituency in Kisii County which has 123 party nominees for various elective seats.
Once the independent candidates are included, the number could even go higher given the wave of applicants for various seats as independents.
The constituency is currently represented in the National Assembly by Stephen Manoti.
Other constituencies in Kisii and Nyamira counties are Nyaribari Masaba and North Mugirango, each with 98 nominees and placed joint second ahead of South Mugirango (91) and West Mugirango (89) which ties with Lamu West.
Nyaribari Chache (88) and Kitutu Masaba (83) are also in the top ten constituencies with the highest number of party nominees alongside Kilifi North and Machakos Town, with 84 and 75 party nominees respectively.
On the other hand, Ndaragwa (8), Suna West (10), Ainabkoi (11), Kangema (12) and Mathioya (12) and constituencies occupy the bottom five with the least number of party nominees.
Others in the bottom half are Seme, Ndia, Kesses, Mogotio with 13 party nominees each.
The IEBC list shows that there are 1,479 party nominees for the 290 National Assembly seats and 9,221 nominees for ward representative gunning for the 1,450 places.


text:
I'm trying to podcast from my wordpress site. I just set it up to try it. I'm planning on using my own server so I have unlimited space, but what's the easiest way to set this up? I've already purchased my own domain and have it directed to the DNS. Basically, I'll be doing podcasts for various people, so was hoping to have the domain names different for each like: http://www.domain.com/podcast1; http://www.domain.com/podcast2. Or do a subdomain like http://www.podcast1.domain.com; http://www.podcast2.domain.com. I heard that was something that was coming soon, but wasn't sure if that had changed yet. Sorry if this sounds really complicated. Any good ideas/best way of going about what I'm trying to accomplish?
Need help? Check out our Support site, then
I think on WordPress.com you'll need a different blog for each one. You can network them, via a text widget in the sidebar or a special category in your blogroll (don't use "blogroll" as the category; use "domain media" or something instead, and they'll all be clumped together and set off from the rest of the blogroll).
Topic Closed
This topic has been closed to new replies.


text:
The Bullring's summer break will end on Saturday, Aug. 24, with the return of local, NASCAR-sanctioned stock car racing on the 3/8-mile oval.
Saturday, Aug. 24 - NASCAR Whelen All-American Series Late-Night Special, USAC Ignite Midget Series.
NASCAR Super Late Models, NASCAR Super Stocks, NASCAR Bombers, USLCI Legend Cars (double features), USLCI Bandoleros, USLCI Roadsters, USAC Ignite Midget Series.
Spectator gates will open at 5 p.m. with racing at 6 p.m.
Spectators may save money by purchasing admission tickets in advance by visiting or calling the LVMS ticket office (702) 644-4444) or online at www.LVMS.com.
The Bullring's concession stand will feature $1 hot dogs, $1 Coca-Cola products and $2 Budweiser beer.


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Double Cone Mixer
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