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Cancer Astrology Readings Gretna LA
Local Companies
New Orleans, LA
New Orleans, LA
Free Cancer Weekly Horoscope
Weekly Horoscope:
Cancer (June 21 - July 22)
All is quiet on the homefront again this week, but certainly not boring! Loveplanet Venus settles into a comfortable groove in your domestic sector after a couple turbulent weeks. Choose your battles, Cancer. Is it really worth it to argue about who does the dishes, or the arrangement of the throw pillows on the sofa? Yes, these things matter in your universe, but others aren't quite as (ahem) fussy about such details as you. How about asking relatives or roomies to contribute to you in a way that comes naturally to them? That way, you won't feel as if you're doing the lion's share of the work. If you live alone, how about bringing some people energy into your space? The weekend is perfectly aligned for a house party, as a full moon lights up your sector of friendships. You might want to add a purposeful twist to the gathering, like organizing a book club meeting, indie film viewing, or a meditation circle. Lucky Jupiter forges ahead in your travel sector on Thursday, imbuing you with the spirit of wanderlust. Do you have a vacation on tap for the holidays? Don't rule it out if you haven't booked your tickets yet. Spend time this week researching options and supersaver airfares. Be spontaneous. If your heart says "let's go!" push that "Reserve Now" button and let the adventure begin. Next up: your Cancer Monthly Hor...

subset: commoncrawl


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COMMENTS (3 to date)
John Goodman writes:
David, others are free to call the consequences "unintended." I prefer to remind everyone that "we told you so."
Posted December 27, 2010 8:48 AM
Arthur_500 writes:
I thought 'Death Panels' were ridiculed as nonsense. It turns out that every Insurance Company has one. It turns out that those who purchase insurance create their own 'death panel.' It turns out the Military Health Insurance has one.
Posted December 27, 2010 4:05 PM
Devon Herrick writes:
The trouble with mental health parity is there is no objective standard for what constitutes a mental condition. See http://www.ncpa.org/pub/ba410/
Posted December 28, 2010 3:11 PM
Comments for this entry have been closed


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Ask an Urology Question, Get an Answer ASAP!
Hi. My name is***** and I am online and available to help you today. Thank you for your patience.
Question and answer is just one of the services I offer. I can also provide you with premium services, such as live telephone or skype consultation, at a small additional cost. Let me know if you are interested.
Have you sought out help for your OCD?
Do you have any other medical problems or take any medications?
This is not an answer, but an Information Request. I need this information to answer your question. Please reply, so I can answer your question. I look forward to helping you.
Thank you for that additional information.
At this point I believe that the best thing for you would be DBT therapy along with talk therapy with a psychologist.
You should be able to work out ways to stay feeling clean during self stimulation and sexual intercourse with their help.
Does this make sense to you?
I hope this information was helpful for you. But I do work for tips so I want to make sure you are happy with me before rating me. If you have another question on this or a related issue feel free to fire away. You may also receive an email survey after our chat, if you don't feel that I have earned the top rating in all areas, please let me know what I can do to meet your expectations.Thanks in advance,Dr. Rick MD FACS


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Chippewa Valley Electric as a member of the Dairyland Power system has a number of load control options available to help keep your electricity costs down.
These include water heater controls, air condition controls and our dual fuel program.
The water heater program controls the electric water heater during peak times. Keeping electrical appliances
off peak contribute to keeping the Cooperative's wholesale power costs down. For letting the Cooperative control their water heater, the member receives
a $3.00 monthly credit on their electric bill.
The air conditioner control is similar to the water heating program in that a control is installed on the
central air unit. The unit is then controlled during the summer peaking times to keep wholesale peak charges down. Two options are available for the air
conditioner control as the account may partake in the dual fuel program. See the air conditioner page for more
For more information about Load Control, call us at 715-239-6800 / 800-300-6800 or e-mail your request to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Chippewa Valley Electric Cooperative | 317 S. 8th St. | P.O. Box 575 | Cornell, WI 54732
Phone (715) 239-6800 | (800) 300-6800 | Fax (715) 239-4290
Office Hours: Monday through Friday (7:30 AM - 4:00 PM)
CONTACT us at email@example.com / For Billing information CONTACT us at email@example.com
Privacy Policy | This institution is an equal opportunity provider


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Bibbacca had the head of a Twi'lek and the body of a Wookiee. In the morning he would typically sneak around with a poisoned dagger before fiercely eating his lunch and advising his criminal friends. He would spend his afternoons loudly roaring until it was time to go to bed.
Behind the scenesEdit
Bibbacca is introduced in the 70th issue of the LucasArts Insider newsletter as part of an advertisement for the Wii version of LEGO Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy and is obviously not canonical.


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Ted Nugent Is the New Mike Tyson
Ted Nugent, who was once famous for something but is now just a redneck curmudgeon. But in someways, he has a lot in common with Mike Tyson, the boxing great and knockout curmudgeon.
The former musician who lives in Waco, Texas was interviewed for a paper in Phoenix, a collection of drive-thru latte stands and regional theatre stages in Arizona. For some reason he got hilariously riled up with the interview, a hapless shmo named Martin Cizmar. It's like Deliverance but over the phone. Choice bits below:
UP: How do you make rock n roll and conservative politics fit together?
TN: How old are you, Martin?
UP: I'm 28.
TN: Then you haven't the faintest fucking idea...[Rush Limbaugh] had a prescription drug problem for a period of time. But, in the final analysis, is Rush in the asset column or the liability column. Did he learn from his mistakes or didn't he?
UP: I don't know. I don't know him.
TN: You call yourself as journalist and you don't know that?
UP: I don't know him personally, I don't know where he is personally.
TN:... Martin, I gotta tell you, when I see you I'm going to have slap the shit out of you. I'll buy you a mocha, then I'll knee-cap you. Because that is so soulless. What a far-reaching fantasy.
...Martin. Did you go to college, are you in college, did you graduate from college?"
UP: Oh yeah.
TN: Did they ever tell you about the Bataan Death March in college? Did they ever tell you about how the trains lined up in Nuremburg in '37 and '38 and took people to Auschwitz, to the internment camps, and then ultimately to their death? Did they ever tell you about the Japanese emperor who gathered up Japanese little girls for the army to rape and torture and murder so they could get in the right frame of mind for war. My point is: In the absence of the most evil moments in human history you can pretend those moments didn't happen, so you can pretend that certainly no human would ever force another human to be unarmed and helpless. Unfortunately, there are people in America, there are people in politics, there are people in positions of authority, who want to forcibly unarm, and force in to helplessness, American citizens. That's what this is all about... None of the politicians who want gun control - they can't claim ignorance - they all know that forced unarmed helplessness is a guaranteed victim orgy. They know that. So, they can't claim ignorance, they are either evil to the core or just deranged. Either way, they must be stopped.
UP: Hmmm.
TN: Hmmm.
UP: You believe that anyone that believes [in gun control] is evil or deranged?
TN: Evil to the core or deranged. If you would force me to be unarmed and helpless I would have to do everything in my power to neutralize you... Peace and love will get you killed. That doesn't sound like a hippie. Good try, Martin. You've gotta tell me, I want the words, say "Uncle Ted is the best interview I've ever done." Say it.
UP: Uncle Ted is the best phone interview I've ever done.
TN: Well if I was there in person with my short shorts on then you'd say it.


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Rapids Acquire Draft Pick, International Spot in Trade With Galaxy for Pablo Mastroeni
June 17, 2013 - Major League Soccer (MLS) - Colorado Rapids News Release
COMMERCE CITY, Colo. - The Colorado Rapids have acquired a 2014 second round MLS SuperDraft pick and an international roster spot through the 2014 season from the LA Galaxy in a trade on Friday, with veteran midfielder Pablo Mastroeni and the MLS rights to midfielder Baggio Husidic joining the Galaxy in exchange.
"While it is sad to see Pablo leave the Rapids, we are grateful for everything he gave to the club and our fans," said Rapids President Tim Hinchey. "For all his achievements, including leading the team to the 2010 MLS Cup, he is and forever will be a Colorado Rapids legend. We look forward to seeing his name and number in our Gallery of Honor someday soon."
"It will be difficult to leave the Rapids after growing so close to the club and the fans in Colorado," said Mastroeni. "I want to thank all the teammates, coaches, and staff I worked with over the years, as well as Stan Kroenke for the chance to play at such a beautiful stadium like Dick's Sporting Goods Park. My sincere gratitude goes especially to all the fans, who have given so much to me and the team. Though I am excited for a new challenge, Colorado and the Rapids will always hold a special place in my heart."
The Rapids have now acquired the Galaxy's natural second round 2014 MLS SuperDraft pick, giving Colorado one selection in that round after the club traded its natural pick to the Vancouver Whitecaps prior to the 2013 season. Colorado still holds its first round pick in the 2014 SuperDraft, and also acquired a later-round pick from the Houston Dynamo for Macoumba Kandji before the 2012 season. The international roster slot, good through the 2014 season, now gives the Rapids nine international spots on the roster, of which seven are occupied. Diego Calderón would require an international slot when removed from the Disabled List. The trade also adds roster flexibility for the Rapids, freeing space against the salary cap.
Mastroeni, 36, holds Rapids franchise records in both games (225) and minutes played (18,669), and was named Rapids MVP in 2007, 2008 and 2010, when he captained the side to the MLS Cup. In his MLS career, he has played 325 games (313 starts), scoring seven goals and adding 26 assists, being named an All-Star six times, and to the MLS Best XI in 2001. The midfielder also made 65 appearances with the United States National Team from 2001 to 2009, and played at the World Cup in 2002 and 2006. Mastroeni made 50 of his U.S. appearances under current LA Galaxy head coach Bruce Arena, who helmed the National Team from 1998-2006.
Colorado now takes to the road for three straight matches, facing the Chicago Fire on June 19 on Altitude, the Portland Timbers on June 23 on NBC Sports, and the Montreal Impact on June 29 on Altitude. The Rapids return home for the July 4 match against the New York Red Bulls, followed by a July 7 game against D.C. United, with fireworks following both games. For more information, or to purchase tickets, visit www.ColoradoRapids.com or call 303-825-GOAL.
• Discuss this story on the Major League Soccer message board...
Major League Soccer Stories from June 17, 2013
- LA Galaxy Hope Pablo Mastroeni Can Provide Leadership and Quality to New Team - Los Angeles Galaxy
- LA Galaxy Looking to Snap Losing Streak Wednesday against Portland Timbers - Los Angeles Galaxy
- Earthquakes Weekly Update - San Jose Earthquakes
- Sounders FC News & Notes - Seattle Sounders FC
- Chivas USA Academy Teams' Opponents Revealed - Club Deportivo Chivas USA
- Chivas USA Defender Steven Purdy Called up by El Salvador's National Team - Club Deportivo Chivas USA
- USMNT Ready for Honduras in FIFA World Cup Qualifier on Tuesday - Real Salt Lake
- MLS News and Notes - MLS
- Chicago Fire Preview - Chicago Fire
- Vancouver Whitecaps FC Forward Kenny Miller Voted MLS Player of the Week - MLS
- Whitecaps FC Forward Kenny Miller Voted MLS Player of the Week - Vancouver Whitecaps FC
- MLS Eastern Conference Roundup - MLS
- Keon Daniel Called Up to Trinidad & Tobago National Team - Philadelphia Union
- LA Galaxy Acquire Veteran Midfielder Pablo Mastroeni - Los Angeles Galaxy
- Earthquakes Announce Strategic and Medical Partnership with Stanford Hospital & Clinics - San Jose Earthquakes
- Rapids Acquire Draft Pick, International Spot in Trade With Galaxy for Pablo Mastroeni - Colorado Rapids
- Crew Early Goal Sets Tone in Win Over Montreal Impact - Columbus Crew SC
- U.S. Soccer Fan Activities Monday in Salt Lake City - Real Salt Lake
- LA Galaxy Trio Continue Their Return to Fitness with Reserve League Shifts - Los Angeles Galaxy
The opinions expressed in this release are those of the organization issuing it, and do not necessarily reflect the thoughts or opinions of OurSports Central or its staff.
Other Recent Colorado Rapids Stories
- Colorado Rapids Sign Striker Yannick Boli
- Rapids Defender Kortne Ford out 8-10 Weeks with Sprained MCL
- Colorado Rapids Sign 2018 MLS SuperDraft Selection Niki Jackson
- Colorado Rapids Acquire Striker Joe Mason on Loan from Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.
- Colorado Rapids Acquire Midfielder Enzo Martinez from USL-Affiliate Charlotte Independence


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Denial (Subtitled) (12A)
Click Here For More Subtitled Movies >>
Drama (2016)
110mins UK/US
Starring: Rachel Weisz, Tom Wilkinson, Timothy Spall, Andrew Scott
Director: Mick Jackson
Writer(s): David Hare
Listings: London | Rest of UK and Ireland
American author Deborah Lipstadt receives a call from Anthony Forbes-Watson, managing director of Penguin Books. Holocaust denier David Irving intends to file a lawsuit in London because the company has refused to withdraw her book, Denying The Holocaust: The Growing Assault On Truth And Memory, which repeatedly mentions Irving and which he claims is robbing him "of his reputation as a professional historian".
Seen that movie? Leave a comment / review here >>
LondonNet Film Review
Denial (12A)
The timing of director Mick Jackson's drama, based on a real-life courtroom battle between two historians with radically different views of the Holocaust, is uncanny. In the same week that Donald Trump's administration provided "alternative facts" about the presidential inauguration, Denial poses tantalising questions about the grey area between commonly held belief and unquestionable truth. A high-profile libel lawsuit between Holocaust denier David Irving and Penguin Books Ltd, representing American author Deborah Lipstadt, took more than three years to resolve before a final ruling in April 2000 at the High Court of Justice in London. The arguments and responses of the case are more engrossing than screenwriter David Hare can condense into 110 minutes...
Jackson's film has its grandstand moments including a fraught dinner party in leafy Hampstead, where well-to-do members of London's Jewish community beg Lipstadt to settle the lawsuit rather than gift Irving the oxygen of free publicity. "Here in England, you may like appeasement, but I don't," she responds tartly. Oscar winner Rachel Weisz delivers these zinging one-liners and other speeches with steeliness and resolve. She illuminates her character's frustrations, choosing attack as the best form of defence until her avuncular sixty-something lead counsel suggests facing the enemy head-on - a clash of scholarly egos - could be misguided. "Stay seated, button your lip. Win," he suggests with a warm Scottish burr. "A real act of self-denial."
Lipstadt (Weisz) holds the chair in Jewish And Holocaust Studies at Emory University. During a lecture to college students, Lipstadt is interrupted by Irving (Timothy Spall), who has snuck into the auditorium with a camera crew in order to publicly disrupt the event. Soon after, she receives a call from Anthony Forbes-Watson (Pip Carter), managing director of Penguin Books. Irving intends to file a lawsuit in London because the company has refused to withdraw her book, Denying The Holocaust: The Growing Assault On Truth And Memory, which repeatedly mentions Irving and which he claims is robbing him "of his reputation as a professional historian". Lawyer Anthony Julius (Andrew Scott), who famously represented Diana, Princess of Wales during her divorce, agrees to take the case, aided by a team of para-legals including James Libson (Jack Lowden) and Laura Tyler (Caren Pistorius). Lead counsel Richard Rampton (Tom Wilkinson) ensures Lipstadt's voice is heard while Irving elects to represent himself in front of the Honorable Mr Justice Gray (Alex Jennings).
Denial provides an accessible route into complex legal arguments, anchored by strong performances from Weisz and Spall on opposite sides of the heated debate. Hare's script lacks suspense and the passage of time isn't clear, but he crafts some fascinating verbal exchanges that play to the ensemble cast's strengths. "The voice of suffering will be heard," Deborah solemnly tells one survivor (Harriet Walter). Jackson's heartfelt film is true to its heroine's words.
- Jo Planter
London Cinemas
To Thursday 6th April
To Thursday 13th April
Not showing at any
London cinemas this week.
« Back to Index
Rest of UK and Irish Cinemas
Listed in alphabetical order by city/place name followed by cinema name.
To Thursday 6th April
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To Thursday 13th April
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text:
I have a web-content extracted in a text file. If I feed it to lucene,
can I find the following by using lucene queries:
1> Top 10 most frequently occurring words
2> Bottom 10 most frequently occurring words
3> Longest phrase that has occurred more than once.
This is my first time working on lucene and based on my initial
reading I am not able to figure out if Lucene is a good choice for
Thank you in advance!


text:
Status: Opens in 39 minutes
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Be the first YellowBot user to add photos or videos of Donald J Guido OD
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Cowboys' Witten, Falcons' Gonzalez have mutual admiration
Updated 8:51 pm, Wednesday, October 31, 2012
Jason Witten's first NFL catch came against the Atlanta Falcons. The one that makes him the Dallas Cowboys' all-time leader in receptions could come against the same team.
"I can remember my first catch like it was yesterday," the seven-time Pro Bowl tight end said Wednesday in Irving.
The 13-yard grab of a Quincy Carter pass Sept. 7, 2003, was Witten's only catch in his debut. He needs four Sunday night to hike his career total to 751 and unseat Hall of Famer Michael Irvin as Cowboys catch king.
Shift the attention
True to his low-key, team-first nature, Witten doesn't like the focus on him before such a big game. Dallas (3-4) faces Atlanta (7-0), the NFL's only undefeated team, at the Georgia Dome.
"Obviously, you know what's going on, and you really don't like talking about it until it happens, because you're so focused on winning," Witten said. "You guys know me well enough to know that winning is most important to me. But it's obviously special, because he was one of the greatest.
"So just to be mentioned with Michael Irvin is special, and hopefully, we'll have a good discussion about it after a big win."
Among the greats
Witten, 30, ranks third among tight ends in career catches (747) and also yards (8,396). Only Atlanta's Tony Gonzalez (1,195 and 13,797 yards) and Hall of Famer Shannon Sharpe (815 and 10,060) are ahead of him on those charts.
Cowboys coach Jason Garrett said the Tennessee alum is worthy of the Hall of Fame.
"Oftentimes, it's about the numbers," Garrett said, "so if you look at the numbers to say that you're one of the one, two or three tight ends who has caught the most balls in this league, I think that's where the conversation starts for a lot of people who vote on this stuff. But then, if anybody has followed our team and the NFL for the last decade, you know what this guy is all about.
"He's a rare guy. His production speaks for itself, and the way he goes about his business is really exceptional."
Flying to Atlanta after the Falcons' win at Philadelphia on Sunday, Gonzalez settled back into his seat on the team charter and watched Witten go to work against the Giants.
As the plane traveled south ahead of Hurricane Sandy, Witten was well on his way to grabbing 18 passes in the 29-24 loss, a record for a tight end.
Admirable work ethic
"He is a pass-catching machine," Gonzalez said, "and it doesn't surprise me he's going to set the team record. He has been able to stay healthy. He is the blanket for (quarterback Tony) Romo. He is going to hit him on those check downs and quick routes.
"I'm also not surprised, becausee I've gotten to know Witten and the way he prepares. We have talked about that, because that's a huge part of being successful in the NFL - I don't care what position you play. The way he prepares and the type of work he puts into it, you can't be surprised when he has that type of success. He has paid the price for it."
Witten said it's special to play against Gonzalez, who reiterated in a conference call this likely will be his last season.
"I have a really good relationship with him," Witten said. "When I came in the league, that was the guy - still is today - you modeled your game after. I'm a big fan. He's the greatest to ever play the position."


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The New Yorker's guest list for WHCD is out. Invitations have been accepted by David Remnick, Editor, Jon Hamm, "Mad Men," Joel Coen and Ethan Coen, filmmakers, Zach Galifianakis, actor, "The Hangover," Adam Gopnik,(below left) staff writer, Jill Lepore, contributing writer, James Surowiecki, staff writer, and Ryan Lizza, (below right) Washington correspondent.
The magazine is hosting the same party it did last year — the exclusive impossible to get into soiree at the W Hotel on Friday night.


text:
Chicken Broccoli and Noodle Casserole
Create a Recipe Makeover
Report Inappropriate Recipe
Nutritional Info
- Servings Per Recipe: 4
- Amount Per Serving
- Calories: 380.9
- Total Fat: 14.6 g
- Cholesterol: 110.1 mg
- Sodium: 962.8 mg
- Total Carbs: 31.8 g
- Dietary Fiber: 2.5 g
- Protein: 28.4 g
View full nutritional breakdown of Chicken Broccoli and Noodle Casserole calories by ingredient
Submitted by: REKBA99
Number of Servings: 4
1 can Cream of Chicken Soup, condensed
Canned chicken, white 12.5oz
2% cheddar cheese, grated, 4oz
Broccoli, 2 cups fresh
Wide Egg Noodles, 3 cups uncooked
1 teaspoon lemon juice
1 teaspoon curry powder
Preheat oven to 350F. Cook egg noodles according to package. Drain then transfer to baking dish (8x8). In large bowl combine chicken, broccoli, soup, lemon juice, curry powder and cheese. Pour over top of noodles. Bake, uncovered for 40 minutes until golden brown and bubbly.
Serving Size: makes 4 servings
Number of Servings: 4
Recipe submitted by SparkPeople user REKBA99.
Serving Size: makes 4 servings
Number of Servings: 4
Recipe submitted by SparkPeople user REKBA99.


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Recently a couple of pro-life political candidates have made dramatic, embarrassing statements about rape.
The first was Todd Akin of Missouri (no relation, as far as I know), who referred to the odds that a woman will have a baby if she has been subjected to "legitimate rape."
More recently, Richard Mourdock of Indiana seemed to suggest that sometimes "God intended" rape.
It's clear that some pro-life politicians need to learn better how to talk about this subject. So let's take a look at it and see what lessons there are . . .
"Legitimate Rape"???
Reportedly, when asked if women who became pregnant as the result of a rape, Todd Akin replied:
Well you know, people always want to try to make that as one of those things, well how do you, how do you slice this particularly tough sort of ethical question. First of all, from what I understand from doctors, that's really rare. If it's a legitimate rape, the female body has ways to try to shut that whole thing down. But let's assume that maybe that didn't work or something. I think there should be some punishment, but the punishment ought to be on the rapist and not attacking the child.
Akin's first problem–or at least the first huge problem–is that he used the phrase "legitimate rape." This appeared to suggest that there is such a thing as legitimate rape, which is morally repugnant.
Of course, a moment's reflection would lead one to realize what he actually meant. By "legitimate rape" he presumably meant actual rape–forcing sex on an unwilling participant.
A contrast to this, presumably, would be cases that are sometimes classified as "statutory rape," in which the statutes of the local criminal code classify an act as rape because one of the parties is not old enough to legally consent to the act. In fact, both of the parties may be willing participants (or one may not be), but in any event one party is deemed unable to legally consent by reason of age.
Akin may also have had in mind situations in which a woman is ambiguous about consent or where she later decides to repudiate her involvement in the act.
All of this leads to Akin's second huge problem: Political opponents and people coming from a pro-abortion perspective will not go through the mental exercise of trying to figure all this out. They will simply attack.
If they do acknowledge that he wasn't actually asserting that some forms of rape are morally legitimate then they will paint him as dismissing what happens to women in other situations (i.e., that statutory rape, ambiguous consent, or repudiated consent "don't matter")–or even just accusing rape victims of lying.
Then there is the matter that Akin was trying to assert, which is that a woman's body has certain in-built defenses such that, if she is forcibly compelled to have sex, make it unlikely she will have a baby.
Although some pro-life leaders have asserted that this is true, others have challenged the claim.
This leads to Akin's third huge problem: By citing a medically disputed claim he gets the issue off the need to protect children conceived of rape and onto the merits of the claim, with other pro-lifers taking a contrary position.
This allows the enemies of life to dismiss pro-lifers (including Akin) as scientific illiterates who are so driven by ideology that they make preposterous claims repudiated by others of their own camp.


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Thursday, September 22, 2005
awaiting Rita's havoc
Let's do the time warp again-
About a month ago The Hater and I were wondering when the government was going to do something about New Orleans. We were generally disgusted with all of the administrations who dropped the ball.
him: This is awful.
me: Yeah.
him: Would you move back home, knowing that it could flood again any time?
me: Certainly not during hurricane season.
And then we talked about how bad it would be if another big hurricane hit -- since the season wouldn't be over until Novemberish. We wondered if the administrations could hack it.
And now?
Now we're about to find out.
No comments:
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Clinique Facial Soap - oily skin formula with Dish
Ideal for oily skin types. The first step to great skin, our hand-milled non-drying bar soap maintains protective lipids while loosening surface flakes. Leaves skin clean, comfortable, refreshed-never taut or dry. Preps skin for the exfoliating action of Clarifying Lotion. Comes with a convenient soap dish. How to use: Use hands to lather Facial Soap over makeup-free face and throat. Rinse with tepid water. Pat dry. Use twice daily. Follow with the appropriate Clarifying Lotion for your skin type, and Dramatically Different Moisturizing Lotion or Gel.
RATINGProduct is available


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Volunteers needed for arts festival
The Lubbock Municipal Garden and Arts Center is currently looking for one-time volunteers for the 44th annual Fall Arts and Crafts Festival.
The event is free and will be held from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Sept. 13 at the Garden and Arts Center, 4215 University Ave.
There will be more than 80 vendors selling handmade craft items and fine art.
Vounteers can contribute to live entertainment, art demonstrations, concession booths and the art alley.
Complimentary snacks and drinks will be available to volunteers, as will a lunch for those working lunch hours.
Those interested in volunteering should call 767-3724 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Nominate volunteers for service awards
The Volunteer Center is asking members of the community to submit nominations for the following award catagories: individual, young adult, college, youth, child(ren), family, business, volunteer coordinator, cultural diversity, education, arts, Louise Cummins Outstanding Agency or Organization award and Diekemper Lifetime of Service award.
All individuals or organizations involved in volunteering activities are eligible for nomination. The Get Involved awards will be presented at the 18th annual Cornucopia Luncheon on Nov. 5 at the Lubbock Country Club.
Nominations are due by noon Aug. 26 and can be sent through the mail, by fax or online.
Forms can be found at www.volunteerlubbock.org/pdf/2014_Nomination_Form.pdf.
For more information, call 747-0551 or email email@example.com.
Last week for Habitat used-furniture sale
The Lubbock Habitat "Summer Blowout Sale" will continue to be held from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. Wednesday through Saturday and has moved locations to the Gene Messer Automotive Group, 3907 Ave. Q.
Donations of approximately 500 pieces of bedroom furniture has supplemented the remaining pieces of gently used furniture donated earlier from University Trails Apartments.
Lubbock Truck Sales has donated the moving equipment.
New items received are chests of drawers, night stands and computer desks.
Remaining items are dining tables and chairs, sofas, side chairs, coffee tables and end tables, and all furniture is available for purchase.
The money raised by these furniture sales will help Lubbock Habitat continue to try to eliminate poverty in Lubbock.
For more information, visit www.habitat.org or call 763-4663.


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JUNEAU, Alaska (AP) -- Things are back to normal now but that was hardly the case several months ago when a computer technician wiped out a hard drive containing information on a 38 billion dollar account that is one of Alaska residents' biggest perks.
While reformatting the disk drive during a routine maintenance check, the technician mistakenly reformatted the back up drive as well, dumping all the data.
Then it turned that nightly backup tapes were unreadable so they went back to the paperwork itself, which was stored in more than 300 cardboard boxes.
Using seasonal workers, division staff and lots of overtime, all the lost data was re-scanned into the system by the end of August -- at an added cost of around 200-thousand dollars. A majority of the oil-fund checks -- more than eleven-hundred-dollars per person -- went out on time.
New backups are in place.


text: On Sun, Jul 13, 2003 at 11:01:16AM +0200, Jens Axboe wrote:> No I don't have anything specific, it just seems like a bad heuristic to> get rid of. I can try and do some testing tomorrow. I do feel stronglywell, it's not an heuristic, it's a simplification and it will certainlywon't provide any benefit (besides saving some hundred kbytes of ram perharddisk that is a minor benefit).> that we should at least make sure to reserve a few requests for reads> exclusively, even if you don't agree with the oversized check. Anything> else really contradicts all the io testing we have done the past years> that shows how important it is to get a read in ASAP. And doing that inImportant for latency or throughput? Do you know which is the benchmarksthat returned better results with the two queues, what's the theorybehind this?> the middle of 2.4.22-pre is a mistake imo, if you don't have numbers to> show that it doesn't matter for the quick service of reads.Is it latency or throughput that you're mainly worried about? Latencycertainly isn't worse with this lowlatency improvement (no matter one ortwo queues, that's a very minor issue w.r.t. to latency).I could imagine readahead throughput could be less likely to be hurtedby writes with the two queue. But I doubt it's very noticeable.However I'm not against re-adding it, clearly there's a slight benefitfor reads in never blocking in wait_for_request, I just didn't considerit very worthwhile since they've to block anyways later normally forbatch_sectors anyways, just like every write (in a congested I/Osubsystem - when the I/O isn't congested nothing blocks in the firstplace).Andrea-To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" inthe body of a message to email@example.com majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.htmlPlease read the FAQ at http://www.tux.org/lkml/


text:
Callas cafè & restaurant Budapest Reviews
3 reviews
Dining with opera Jul 22, 2011
If you are looking for good food, great wine and delightful entertainment this is the place. I have been here two times, once in the cafè part and once in the restaurant.
Both times I was met by a polite and very nice waitress.
The winelist was well assorted and the knowledge of the employee satisfying. The food was exelent prepared and tasted delicious.
The place is lokated right next to the opera, and has therefore taken the music inn to the restaurant. There was piano, cello and a violin plaing together with opera singing. Fantastic people, I must say :)
The price is a bit over the norm in Budapest, but you get youre money worth, absolutely.
Bon appétit
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text:
If you would like to download Dexteria, Jr. (3.99, iPad/iPhone), please support Smart Apps for Special Needs by using the following link:
Dexteria, Jr. engages preschoolers practicing their fine motor skills, with fun and interactive games that work on basic skills needed for development. The opening screen is easy to use, showing the user the three options for the games, with colorful and distinct areas to tap. In addition, each game has verbal instructions for the rules of the game and to navigate the menu after each level. This option and the music can be turned off on the intro screen, if desired.
The second game available, "Trace and Erase," made me super OT-nerdy excited when I started playing. This game has 29 options to practice prewriting skills. It starts with simple vertical and horizontal lines and finishes with a complex horizontal diamond. The user is instructed to, "drag the arrow to the star." There is an auditory signal when the user taps on the arrow, along with a signal when the line deviates and when the star is reached. These auditory cues allow the user to understand when they are having difficulties. Following the completion of the lines, the user is then instructed to erase the lines. When erasing, the screen reveals that it is a camera and a picture is taken of the user following completion of these tasks. The response screen shows the accuracy in tracing and the time it took to complete the task. Again the user can chose to return the the menu, restart the level, or move onto the next level.
The last game is "Pinch the Pepper," which includes 10 levels. Users are instructed, "with your thumb and index finger, pinch the pepper." As seen with "Squish the Squash," the initial level starts with peppers that are not moving and only a few on the screen, and the last presented many moving peppers to pinch. The higher levels present a yellow pepper, in addition to the regular red, which pops and reveals several other red peppers increasing the difficulty. An auditory signal sounds when the pepper is popped, along with the auditory instructions for navigating through the menu. At the end of the level the number of peppers popped and time taken are presented.
This app also allows tracking of progress from the initial screen. When the "Report" button is clicked an activity log appears, showing the information from each game in addition to the dates played. There are options to email the results or clear the results at the bottom of this screen. The email screen has a passcode screen, preventing young children from emailing the results randomly.
Lastly, under the "Options" menu, there are several options including sending feedback and share the app with friends, again protected by a passcode for adults to use.
Not only does Dexteria, Jr. focus on prewriting skills, but also other skills needed for the appropriate development of fine motor skills in preschool aged children or those who need extra practice before moving on to higher level fine motor skills.
Shelly may move to San Diego seven months before her husband. She's loving the weather, fun and spending time with the family.


text:
- Please call us for FREE help:
- (866) 531-0695
Polk City, IA Senior Community Centers
Comments: The pricing for independent and skilled care is outdated on this web site. Need to add at least $1,000 to the current figures. (more...)
Autumn Ridge is a Senior Community. Senior communities are for seniors who can take care of themselves. It is often a set of apartments in a variety of sizes from studios to large two bedrooms, where seniors live independently, but may receive additional services like transportation, pools, a convenience store, bank, barber/beauty shop, resident laundry, housekeeping, and security, are all servi (more...)
This community, a comprehensive independent living community, allows you to do as you wish, when you wish, but without the burdens of home ownership that can tie you down and take up your time. Serving both individuals and couples, these senior communities are also known as senior apartments, retirement villages, and communities for 55 and older. Residents stay in private apartments or individual homes with a variety of community amenities, services, and programs tailored specifically for seniors. Your personal belongings, such as furniture and favorite mementos, can move to your new home with you. With maintenance, groundskeeping, and housekeeping taken care of, seniors can focus on goals and passions instead of the daily demands of home ownership. Because independent living communities are intended for older adults who need little or no assistance, most do not offer medical care or supervision. Community services and amenities usually include fitness clubs, dining facilities, swimming pools, golf courses, hiking trails, social events, and more.
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text:
Chronos Consulting (www.chronosconsulting.com) client is a global leader in the fiber-speed wireless internet niche. They are looking for a Regional Sales Manager for DACH based in Germany (home-office based).
•3+ years sales and account management experience in wireless internet industry selling to enterprise
•Work independently to meet agreed sales targets in line with company strategy is crucial
•Strong selling skills in large accounts as well as sound knowledge and experience in selling complex solutions
• Fluent English and German
•Must be a self-starter and strong closer, with multi-tasking ability.
•Understanding of large business organizations and their buying cycles is essential.
•Experience selling in a high technology and networking industry, with knowledge of mobile technologies used in the Service Provider environment.
•Excellent communication/presentation/negotiation skills
•Must exhibit the ability to think strategically and demonstrate initiative
• Ability to work under pressure in a "result focused" environment
•Must work well within a team environment
•Able to travel 50% of the time
Job Responsibilities:
• Actively creating new business opportunities and matching customer business requirements to the solutions portfolio.
•Progressing opportunities through the sales cycle and closing business in line with forecasts, plans and targets.
•Demonstrating a complete approach to business operations (forecast, quarterly commit, pipeline development).
•Building value-based relationships within all layers of potential customers
•Creating and running comprehensive account strategies.
•Displaying and sharing of knowledge/skills and acting as a source of expertise for customers.
•Partnering effectively with internal and external parties to build solutions


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"I have been reading about all posts. I wanted to add my own question I was just told myself that I have a 60% tear of my patella tendon. I ride a motorcycle and bend the knee almost all the way back and after a while it may hurt. Walki..."
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text:
Jill & Myriam
You may remember Jill and Myriam from a StitchUp last August. Well, they're back in town again for another short visit with family.
I met Jill seven or eight years ago, and have admired her style since day one. She's always put together great outfits and it's been interesting to see her style shift over the years. And since Myriam came along, it's also been fun to see how Jill dresses her.
I am really enjoying that the outfits seem basic, but have careful layers of interest. Jill's got that ultra vibrant dress that is balanced with the black tights and exceptional leather jacket. At first glance the dress looks to be pretty standard, but there's a lot of texture and pattern at play — the contrast of texture between the leather and soft lace-like fabric of the dress is a really smart touch.
One thing that Jill has always been good at is attention to detail and flourishes; little additional pieces that kick her outfits into high gear. It's no different here with the scarves chosen for Myriam and herself — both tie into the looks so well, and lend that little something extra.
Little Myriam has on a pair of really awesome slip-ons with that frilly dress with the fantastic filigree pattern under the crisp denim jacket. Cute!


text:
I believe I was unfairly sacked - should I erase this job from CV?
I was recently fired three days before the end of my six-month probation. My colleagues are universally disgusted at what has happened. Despite acknowledged good performance, almost daily unpaid overtime and no formal warnings, I was sacked for having a "lack of commitment" and occasional inconsequential errors common among my peers. Two other colleagues also lost their jobs. My union says I have virtually no rights before 12 months' employment.
I'm worried how this will appear on my CV. It includes impressive posts with leading employers, but after a period travelling and a short-term contract, it could appear "gappy". Should I avoid making matters worse by writing this latest job out altogether? My manager has offered to write "the best reference he can" or I could turn to senior non-managerial colleagues for a solid reference, but it may raise more questions than it is worth.
Jeremy: First, a murmured warning - don't allow yourself to be over-influenced by the reaction of your colleagues. They may well be genuinely disgusted by what's happened to you and they'll certainly be doing all they can to show their solidarity. But beware of giving way to an overwhelming sense of injustice: this is a critical time for you and a clear head's important. To be possessed by righteous indignation - even if largely justified - will do you no favours.
I'm not qualified to comment on your legal status but I assume your union knows what it's talking about (though you might just check what exactly they mean by "virtually no rights"). Looked at dispassionately, however, you have quite a lot going for you. Your CV includes "impressive posts with leading employers": so presumably you have references from them already or you could still obtain them?
And you should certainly take up you manager's offer to write you the best reference he can: it might be more favourable than you fear.
Your most recent career history may seem a bit gappy; but in order to get through to the interview stage, you just need potential employers to give you the benefit of the doubt. Just one apparent setback, right at the end of your probationary period, really shouldn't be terminally damaging to your prospects. Your earlier successful experiences should reassure most potential employers that you're worth a serious look.
Please don't be tempted to erase this last six months from your CV. Even if it didn't come out, you'd still be living a deeply uncomfortable lie.
One last thought. You mention that you were responsible for "occasional inconsequential errors" that were common among your peers. Do be certain in your own mind that they were not just inconsequential to you. Prospective employers will be curious.
My teacher friend wants a career change, what are his options?
My friend aged 45, would really like a career change but says he is at a total loss as to what to do. He has worked as a drama teacher for 15 years, and is head of the drama department. Apart from a teaching postgrad degree, he has a postgrad diploma in journalism and a good degree in fine art. In terms of a future career, he no longer wants to work in education. He currently works part-time, which has given him the opportunity to pursue his interests in writing and music. He has good social and communication skills, is a quick learner, creative and adaptable. What advice can you give?
Jeremy: There are lots of people whose personality, interests and qualifications mean they're theoretically suitable for many jobs; though this doesn't mean these jobs are easier to get for the circular reason that so many people are suitable for them. And then there's a smaller group of people who are only suitable for relatively few jobs. Your friend seems to me to belong to this latter category.
In itself, this fact isn't grounds for despair; but it does, I think, mean adopting a rather different approach to job hunting. The big, broad categories - "marketing manager", "IT technician", "senior administration officer" and so on - are barely worth pursuing. Somewhere out there, there'll be a very limited number of jobs for which your friend may be perfectly suited: but he'll have to hunt them down himself, almost one-by-one.
And he'll have to start by asking himself: what kind of organisation might just be interested in a 45-year-old drama teacher, literate, creative, culturally aware and with good social and communications skills?
So he should think of arts centres, regional theatres and orchestras, local newspapers and magazines, maybe even event management - not forgetting their online equivalents. These are wild guesses on my part and probably well wide of the mark; he'll know far better. The real point is that he should stop thinking in terms of a "career change" - there's probably not even a generic career name for the kind of job he'd love to find - and concentrate entirely on trying to identify some quite specific individual jobs.
There won't be many; we've established that. But he should be comforted to remember that, by the same token, there won't be many applicants as well-suited for them as he clearly is.
Once identified, they need to be approached very thoughtfully and very individually. Personal contacts will be even more valuable than usual. As a sociable person, he should spend a lot of time on the fringes of the kind of job he's interested in - networking, picking up information, getting the feel of things. There's nothing shameful about this: there are certain kinds of jobs, particularly the slightly unusual and creative ones, where some kind of prior relationship is seen as an almost essential qualification.
· For Jeremy Bullmore's advice on work issue, send a brief email to email@example.com. Please note that Jeremy is unable to answer questions of a legal nature or reply personally. Jeremy's book, Another Bad Day At The Office?, is published by Penguin at £6.99. To order a copy with free UK p&p, go to theguardian.com/bookshop or call 0870 836 0875


text:
Seventy-five motorbike enthusiasts descended on Kirkby Malzeard to take part in the David Mawer Invitation Christmas Trial hosted by Ripon Motor Club.
In attendance was Ripon's own Graham Jarvis who rode his Husaberg enduro machine round followed by a film crew.
The riders tackled three muddy laps, each with four different sections and low grip levels.
Diving into the opening section to the rear of a farm building, the riders then charged across a meadow to a dense wood.
Richard Sadler set the benchmark on the hard course and dropped only two marks, dabbing at the fifth obstacle where the rocks barred any fancy moves.
Richard Timperley was right on the leader and went clear at the same point Sadler made his error.
But he lost singles on obstacles six, nine and 12 to fall behind.
Billy Bolt dropped 15 points in third, with Rob Waite (17) and Guy Kendrew (24) making up the top five.
Fourteen riders hit the hard route including Stuart Mack who had travelled from Scotland to compete.
Paul Dennis won the green course with seven faults ahead of Neil Gaunt (14) and Ian Myers (15) in a class of just 20 riders.
Norman Shepherd topped 43 riders around the easy course as he rode a clear round.
Chris Crossley (15) and Stuart Blythe (17) also stood on the podium.
The event also raised £2,800 for the British Heart Foundation and the Yorkshire Yorkshire Air Ambulance Appeal Fund.
Results: Hard course: Richard Sadler (MRS Sherco) 2, Richard Timperley (Jotogas) 4, 3 Billy Bolt (Ossa) 15, Rob Waite (Beta) 17, Guy Kendrew (Beta) 24.
Green course: Paul Dennis (Beta) 7, Neil Gaunt (Beta) 14, Paul Sadler (Sherco) 15, Ian Myers (Sherco) 20, Robert Hardisty (Sherco) 25, Josh Swiers (Beta ) 29.
Clubmen: Norman Shepherd (James) 0, Chris Crossley 15, Stuart Blythe (Triumph) 17, Michael Platts (Sherco) 18, Steve Dale (Sherco) 22, David Carr (Beta ) 22.


text:
Buy Tickets
by: Louisa Branscomb, IBMA Songwriter Committee
Bluegrass is an industry that enjoys the benefits of being a genre of folk and roots music. Part of the rewards of being a part of the bluegrass community is that it is relatively personable in nature, without the formality and commercialism of some other genres of music. On the other hand, this means there are few established protocols for some of the business aspects of the music.


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Transient stochastic analysis of nonlinear response of earth and rock-fill dams to spatially varying ground motion
Haciefendioglu, Kemal ;
Structural Engineering and Mechanics, volume 22, issue 6, 2006, Pages 647~664
DOI : 10.12989/sem.2006.22.6.647
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of transient stochastic analysis on nonlinear response of earth and rock-fill dams to spatially varying ground motion. The dam models are analyzed by a stochastic finite element method based on the equivalent linear method which considers the nonlinear variation of soil shear moduli and damping ratio as a function of shear strain. The spatial variability of ground motion is taken into account with the incoherence, wave-passage and site response effects. Stationary as well as transient stochastic response analyses are performed for the considered dam types. A time dependent frequency response function is used throughout the study for transient stochastic responses. It is observed that stationarity is a reasonable assumption for earth and rock-fill dams to typical durations of strong shaking.
Fuzzy reliability analysis of laminated composites
Chen, Jianqiao ; Wei, Junhong ; Xu, Yurong ;
Structural Engineering and Mechanics, volume 22, issue 6, 2006, Pages 665~683
DOI : 10.12989/sem.2006.22.6.665
The strength behaviors of Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP) Composites can be greatly influenced by the properties of constitutive materials, the laminate structures, and load conditions etc, accompanied by many uncertainty factors. So the reliability study on FRP is an important subject of research. Many achievements have been made in reliability studies based on the probability theory, but little has been done on the roles played by fuzzy variables. In this paper, a fuzzy reliability model for FRP laminates is established first, in which the loads are considered as random variables and the strengths as fuzzy variables. Then a numerical model is developed to assess the fuzzy reliability. The Monte Carlo simulation method is utilized to compute the reliability of laminas under the maximum stress criterion. In the second part of this paper, a generalized fuzzy reliability model (GFRM) is proposed. By virtue of the fact that there may exist a series of states between the failure state and the function state, a fuzzy assumption for the structure state together with the probabilistic assumption for strength parameters is adopted to construct the GFRM of composite materials. By defining a generalized limit state function, the problem is converted to the conventional reliability formula that enables the first-order reliability method (FORM) applicable in calculating the reliability index. Several examples are worked out to show the validity of the models and the efficiency of the methods proposed in this paper. The parameter sensitivity analysis shows that some of the mean values of the strength parameters have great influence on the laminated composites` reliability. The differences resulting from the application of different failure criteria and different fuzzy assumptions are also discussed. It is concluded that the GFRM is feasible to use, and can provide an effective and synthetic method to evaluate the reliability of a system with different types of uncertainty factors.
Effective length factor for columns in braced frames considering axial forces on restraining members
Mahini, M.R. ; Seyyedian, H. ;
Structural Engineering and Mechanics, volume 22, issue 6, 2006, Pages 685~700
DOI : 10.12989/sem.2006.22.6.685
The effective length factor is a familiar concept for practicing engineers and has long been an approach for column stability evaluations. Neglecting the effects of axial force in the restraining members, in the case of sway prevented frames, is one of the simplifying assumptions which the Alignment Charts, the conventional nomographs for K-Factor determination, are based on. A survey on the problem reveals that the K-Factor of the columns may be significantly affected when the differences in axial forces are taken into account. In this paper a new iterative approach, with high convergence rate, based on the general principles of structural mechanics is developed and the patterns for detection of the critical member are presented and discussed in details. Such facilities are not available in the previously presented methods. A constructive methodology is outlined and the usefulness of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by numerical examples.
On the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a multiple-step beam carrying a number of intermediate lumped masses and rotary inertias
Lin, Hsien-Yuan ; Tsai, Ying-Chien ;
Structural Engineering and Mechanics, volume 22, issue 6, 2006, Pages 701~717
DOI : 10.12989/sem.2006.22.6.701
In the existing reports regarding free transverse vibrations of the Euler-Bernoulli beams, most of them studied a uniform beam carrying various concentrated elements (such as point masses, rotary inertias, linear springs, rotational springs, spring-mass systems,
, etc.) or a stepped beam with one to three step changes in cross-sections but without any attachments. The purpose of this paper is to utilize the numerical assembly method (NAM) to determine the exact natural frequencies and mode shapes of the multiple-step Euler-Bernoulli beams carrying a number of lumped masses and rotary inertias. First, the coefficient matrices for an intermediate lumped mass (and rotary inertia), left-end support and right-end support of a multiple-step beam are derived. Next, the overall coefficient matrix for the whole vibrating system is obtained using the numerical assembly technique of the conventional finite element method (FEM). Finally, the exact natural frequencies and the associated mode shapes of the vibrating system are determined by equating the determinant of the last overall coefficient matrix to zero and substituting the corresponding values of integration constants into the associated eigenfunctions, respectively. The effects of distribution of lumped masses and rotary inertias on the dynamic characteristics of the multiple-step beam are also studied.
Mode localization and veering of natural frequency loci in two circular plates coupled with a fluid
Jeong, Kyeong-Hoon ;
Structural Engineering and Mechanics, volume 22, issue 6, 2006, Pages 719~739
DOI : 10.12989/sem.2006.22.6.719
An analytical method for the free vibration of two circular plates coupled with an inviscid and compressible fluid is developed by the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The fluid is bounded by a rigid cylindrical vessel and two circular plates with an unequal thickness and diameter. It was found that the theoretical results could predict well the fluid-coupled natural frequencies with an excellent accuracy when compared with the finite element analysis results. As the fluid thickness increases or the plate thickness difference increases, an abrupt curve veering in the natural frequency loci of the neighboring modes and drastic changes in the corresponding mode shapes are observed. The mode localization frequently appears in the higher modes and in the wide gap between the plates because of a decrease in the fluid coupling owing to the fluid dispersion effect.
On the theory of curved anisotropic plate
Chiang, Yih-Cherng ;
Structural Engineering and Mechanics, volume 22, issue 6, 2006, Pages 741~759
DOI : 10.12989/sem.2006.22.6.741
A general theory which describes the elastic response of a curved anisotropic plate subjected to stretching and bending will be developed by considering the nonlinear effect that reflecting the non-flat geometry of the structure. By applying a newly derived
matrix constitutive relation between force resultants, moment resultants, mid-plane strains and deformed curvatures, the governing differential equations for a curved anisotropic plate is developed in the usual manner, namely, by consideration of the constitutive relation and equilibrium equations. Solutions are obtained for simply-supported boundary conditions and compared to corresponding solutions that neglecting the nonlinear effect in the analysis. The comparisons indicate that the nonlinear terms in the equations that caused by the curvature of the structure is crucial for the curved plate analysis. Under certain curved plate geometries the unreasonable results will be induced by neglecting the nonlinear effect in the analysis.
Seismic behavior of structures isolated with a hybrid system of rubber bearings
Chen, Bo-Jen ; Tsai, C.S. ; Chung, L.L. ; Chiang, Tsu-Cheng ;
Structural Engineering and Mechanics, volume 22, issue 6, 2006, Pages 761~783
DOI : 10.12989/sem.2006.22.6.761
The enlargement of interest in base isolators as an earthquake-proof design strategy has dramatically accelerated experimental studies of elastomeric bearings worldwide. In this paper, a new base isolator concept that is a hybrid system of rubber bearings is proposed. Uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial shaking table tests are also performed to study the seismic behavior of a 0.4-scale three-story isolated steel structure in the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in Taiwan. Experimental results demonstrate that structures with a hybrid system of rubber bearings composed of stirruped rubber bearings and laminated rubber bearings can actually decrease the seismic responses of the superstructure. It has been proved through the shaking table tests that the proposed hybrid system of rubber bearings is a very promising tool to enhance the seismic resistance of structures. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the proposed analytical model in this paper can predict the mechanical behavior of the hybrid system of rubber bearings and seismic responses of the base-isolated structures.
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Process comprising reacting an amine, ethylene oxide and silica to obtain quaternary ammonium silicatesDownload PDF
- Publication number
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- Prior art keywords
- quaternary
- silica
- oxide
- ratio
- ammonium
- Prior art date
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United States Patent 3,301,853 PROCESS COMPRISING REACTING AN AMINE, ETHYLENE OXIDE AND SILICA TO OBTAIN QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SILICATES Helmut Hans Wilhelm Weldes, Havertown, Pa., assignor to Philadelphia Quartz Company, Philadelphia, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing. Original application Aug. 15, 1961, Ser. No. 131,490, now Patent No. 3,239,521, dated Mar. 8, 1966. Divided and this application Oct. 21, 1965, Ser.
1 Claim. (Cl. ate-247.7
INTRODUCTION thereof.
BACKGROUND Water-soluble alkali metal silicates are favored components of (1) refractory and rapid-setting cements, (2) inorganic coatings having a refractory or weather-resistant character and (3) numerous adhesives. However, in certain uses they have drawbacks which are associated with the alkali metal component, and it has long been an objective to prepare a soluble silicate useful in these various fields which is free of any alkali metal component. For instance, in a refractory cement the presence of the alkali metal salt lowers the softening point of the cement because of the fiuxing characteristic of the salt. Efforts to overcome this have been made by increasing the silica ratio of the soluble silicate but some alkali metal salt always remains even after neutralization and excessive washing. Furthermore, the alkali metal silicate solutions increase in viscosity rapidly as the concentration increases at high silica ratios so that in commercial solutions prepared at about the 4.0 SiO :Na O ratio the solid content will be no higher than 30%. Furthermore, where the silica ratio is high, the softening point of the anhydrous sodium silicate also is high.
One aspect of this invention broadly involves the discovery of soluble amorphous sodium-free organic N-containing silicates which overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of soluble alkali metal silicates. In another specific aspect of the invention, I believe that I am the first person to discover sodium-free tetraethanolammonium silicate and methods for producing same. The tetraethanolammonium silicate which I have discovered does not appear to crystallize readily since I have not been able to obtain crystals after many attempts.
THE INVENTION This invention broadly encompasses amorphous compositions having the general oxide formula with continuously variable ratios:
X (N R O YSiO ZH O In the above formula:
N represents a nitrogen atom;
11 is a small integer, less than and preferably less than five;
X, Y and Z represent numbers defining the relative amounts of each of the component parts of the compound. X is 1, Y is preferably between 0.5 and 20, and Z is preferably between 0 and 99, and. wherein up to four R groups are associated with each N;
R represents organic radicals having between 1 and 20 carbon atoms, at least two of said organic radicals consisting of omega hydroxy alkyl groups (preferably two or more of these R groups are ethanol groups and the others derivatives of ethanol groups);
p is at least 4 and up to 4n and is equal to the number of R groups; and
s is an integer from 1 to p, indicating the number of different types of R groups.
According to one specific embodiment the invention relates to the production of amorphous compositions having the formula:
wherein N, X, Y and Z have the significances noted above and R R R and R represent alkanol radicals containing between about 1 and 20 carbon atoms.
The tetraethanolammonium silicates of this invention can form aqueous solutions of over 50% solids content at viscosities at which the solution is readily useful (such as 2 poises). Such solutions may have as high as 15 moles of SiO to 1 mole of organic base and yet be readily soluble and have a relatively low melting point which is representative of organic compounds rather than the inorganic salts. The organic base portion can be readily removed, leaving a silica cement in place. This may be accomplished either by heating or by neutralization and removal of the soluble organic base salt. Thus, this new compound and its derivatives have an important place in the formulation of refractory and rapid-setting cements as well as in coatings for roofing granules and shingles, in special adhesives, in investment molds for casting metals, and the like.
I have found that tetraethanolammonium silicates and their derivatives form stable, water-free compositions which are easily soluble in water. These compositions have a range of mole ratio of SiO to quaternary ion from about 0.5 to 1.0 (i.e. a mol ratio of SiO to quaternary oxide of about 1 to 2) or lower, to about 15 to 1 (Le. about 30 to l on the quar'ternary oxide ratio), or higher. These pure compositions vary from viscous oily liquids at the lower ratios to pliable solids in the higher range and, finally, to brittle solids. At a ratio of about 21, the dehydrated solid becomes insoluble. These compositions below about ratio 15 are miscible in all proportions with water. The silica is present in aqueous solu tions of such compositions largely as crystalloidal silica under equilibrium conditions. They have a relatively high pH but a viscosity much lower than that of a sodium silicate solution having a similar solids content and silica ratio. Soluble silicate solutions above a molecular ratio of 4.0 are so difiicult and costly to manufacture and so relatively unstable at high concentrations that they have never been commercially available. Thus, in the sodium system a ratio of 4.0 has been considered the maximum. As pointed out above, this 4.0 ratio material can be concentrated usefully only to about 30% solids whereas the 12 ratio organic base silicate will readily form solutions of reasonable viscosity at more than 50% solids content.
METHODS OF PREPARATION The compounds of this invention may be prepared in a number of ways. Such methods include, for example;
(b) Dissolving sodium-free silica in sodium-free hy-:
droxylated organic quaternary ammonium bases;
(0) Dissolving sodium-free silica in sodium-free tetraethanolammonium silicate solutions;
(d) The sodium may be leached from the less soluble sodium hydroxylated quaternary ammonium silicate crystals;
(e) Reacting ammonia or an amine and ethylene oxide with finely divided silica hydrate or silica gel, or a colloidal silica sol.
The following examples are illustrative of the invention.
Example ].-Preparazin of sodium-free hydroxylated organic ammonium silicates As is (e) above, it is possible to form a pure sodiumfree hydroxylated organic ammonium silicate by reaction of ammonia and ethylene oxide and a finely divided silica, such as Quso-FF or a colloidal sol, such as Ludox.
Moreover, since more than a trace of silica is required to bring about the reaction for the formation of the sodium-free hydroxylated organic ammonium silicate, it does appear that the silica enters into the reaction and that it is not a mere formation of the tetraethanolammonium hydroxide with a subsequent solution of the silica present. Thus I appear to have a new process and a new product. Examples 1 and 2 are presented to show that the reaction between ammonia and ethylene oxide occurs in the presence of silica either as a finely divided solid or as an alkali free sol. The product obtained with the finely divided silica, Quso-FF, is a hydroxylated quaternary ammonium silicate containing a quaternary amrnonium radical of an unexpectedly high molecular weight. It is an oil, soluble in water and methanol, but insoluble in other common organic solvents. Solutions of quaternary ammonium silicates containing to by weight of SiO,, can be prepared in this way. The reaction with the colloidal silica s01 Ludox leads to a quaternary ammonium silicate also substantially free of inorganic alkali but with a lower molecular weight quaternary ion. This is obtained with good yield provided the silica is present in a substantial amount. The oily material obtained from this reaction is soluble in water. Additionally, the product of the sol reaction contains a larger amount of colloidal silica than crystalloidal silica but on standing the colloidal silica tends to change over into the crystalloidal form and the opalescence of the solution becomes less.
As aispecific instance, finely divided silica, Quso-FF, was used in the following formula:
550 grams of water were blended with 79 grams of Quso-FF and then with 24 grams of aqueous ammonia (29%). This blend was poured into a 1 liter autoclave equipped with a stirrer and connected to a low temperature reflux condenser through a valve. The autoclave was also connected to a flask containing. 74 g. of ethylene oxide. The ethylene oxide was distilled into the reaction mixture while it was being agitated vigorously at a temperature held between and 30 C. In about an hour and a half all the ethylene oxide had been distilled over and the autoclave was closed but agitation was continued for a total of 4 days. Any undissolved Quso- FF was filtered on a Buchner funnel with filter paper and carbon black. The product was designated as solution A and had a mol ratio of 1 quaternary ion to 1.22 of SiO at a pH of about 13. This corresponds to an oxide ratio of 1 quaternary ammonium oxide to 2.44 SiO Part of solution A was concentrated in vacuo at C. (136 grams of water were removed from a total of 168 grams) leaving a very viscous, clear, slightly yellowish solution B (containing 39.15% quaternary ion, 15.85% SiO and water). This solution B was then further evacuated at 43 C. and 5 /2 more grams of water were removed, leaving 27.3 grams of a very viscous, clear oil. Most of this oil (c) dissolved very quickly in methanol but not in other organic solvents. Residual silica was filtered out as before. Solutions of various concentrations in methanol could be obtained by distillation.
Because of the interference of the silicate ion in the analytical procedure, it was necessary to analyze these mixtures by a rather complex procedure. An excess of 2 N HCl was added, precipitating out all the SiO and converting the amine to the chlorides. This mixture was then diluted with water and the silica was filtered out. The amine chloride were titrated electrometrically with standardized alkali such as 0.2 N sodium hydroxide. It was thus possible to differentiate between different amines. By this means it was found that oil, such as (c) above, contained 31.2% of quaternary ammonium ion calculated as N+(C;-,H OH) and 9.5% of triethanolamine. By treatment with cationic and anionic exchangers it was found that all the organic groups were attached to amines and that, therefore, a high molec ular weight ethylene oxide compound was involved which had a molecular weight of 458. On this basis the oil was found to contain 73.65% of quaternary ion, 15.15% of SiO and 9.47% of triethanolamine. This corresponds to the oxide ratio, omitting the triethanolamine, of (N 2Rg O I Example 2.Preparation 0f sodium-free hydroxylated organic ammonium silicates Another reaction using Ludox LS, 222 grams, was carried out with 24 grams of aqueous ammonia and 74 grams of ethylene oxide.
In carrying out the reaction, the ammonia was mixed with the Ludox in a reaction flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the ethylene oxide was distilled into the mixture over a period of about 1 hour. Agitation was continued for about 7 hours more, but the solution remained in the flask overnight. The solution obtained contained 21.0% of quaternary ion, 21.6% of SiO and 57.5% of H 0; with the quaternary ion present as N+ (C H OH) 83.1% conversion to this material was obtained. At first there was only 0.24% of crystalloidal silica, and 21.3% of colloidal silica, but after 4 days there was 4.5% crystalloidal silica and in 18 days, 6.8% crystalloidal silica and 14.8% colloidal SiO An oil obtained by distilling the water from this mixture in vacuo at 40 C. was viscous but clear. It contained 43.45% of quaternary ion and 39.85% of SiO This corresponds to [N(C H OH) O:5.9SiO :8.3H O.
Example 3.Preparation of sodium-free hydroxylatcd organic ammonium silicates In this reaction 79 grams of Quso-FF were blended with 550 grams of water, and 24 grams of 29% aqueous ammonia were added to this mixture. Instead of using an autoclave for the reaction, as in Example 1, these were combined in a glass flask equipped with a stirrer and connected through one valve to a low-temperature reflux condenser, and through another valve to a flask of ethylene oxide. The ethylene oxide was distilled into the vigorously agitated mixture while the temperature was held between 25 and 30 C. 74 grams of ethylene oxide were added over a period of 55 minutes. At the start, the slurry was milky. The reaction was allowed to continue for another 7 hours and then left overnight at room temperature. At the end of 7 hours the solution was a thin, milky liquid with a slight odor of ethylene oxide which had disappeared by the next morning. The mixture was filtered on a Buchner funnel through a bed of carbon black and the clear filtrate diluted to 500 parts with water. Since no other alkali was present, the organic ion was determined as the total titratable alkali. Electrometric titration agreed with this value. The silica was determined by volumetric titration using the standard molybdate colorimetric method. Since the silica was completely crystalloidal, the same result was obtained whetheror not NaOH was used in the procedure. The solution contained 0.84% silica and 5.66% of quaternary ion, thus having a inole fa-tio of 0.48 SiO 1.0 quaternary. This corresponds to an oxide ratio of 0.96SiO :1.0 quaternary ammonium oxide.
Example 4.Preparatin of sodium-free hydroxylated organic ammonium silicates In a reaction flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, a low-temperature reflux condenser and a gas inlet tube, 30 grams of aqueous 29% NH, solution were admixed with 1110 grams of Ludox LS. No gelation or coaoervation occurred, and 92.5 grams of ethylene oxide were distilled into the agitated mixture through the gas inlet tube. The temperature was maintained between 24 and 26.5 C. The ethylene oxide was distilled over in the course of about one hour, and the reaction was continued for 6 more hours and then left at room temperature overnight in a closed vessel. The next morning the water was distilled off by vacuum distillation. Part of the solution was removed when it contained 50% SiO and the remainder was taken to dryness.
In the 50% solution, the analysis was 14.39% of quaternary ion and 52.53% of SiO with a mole ratio of 11.81 of SiO :1.0 of quaternary ion. This solution had a specific gravity at 20/20 of 1.512 and a viscosity at 20 C. of 2.8 poise. The material taken to dryness was solid but easily soluble in water, even though the mole ratio was 11.81 SiO to 1 of quaternary ion. This corresponds to a ratio of 1.0 quaternary ammonium oxide: 23.65SiO :49.8H O. It was not soluble in methanol or ordinary organic solvents. With increasing silica ratio the solubility in methanol declines.
Following the same procedure, a composition having a mole ratio of about 21 was prepared by allowing 444 grams of Ludox HS, 6 grams of aqueous 29% NH and 18.5 grams of ethylene oxide to react. After the reaction was completed and the mixture contained in a closed vessel overnight, the water was distilled off. This left a solid, white material which was very brittle and easily broken into small particles. It appeared to be insoluble in water. Thus, the limiting ratio at which the solid anhydrous material was completely miscible with water is probably about 15 to 16.
Example 5.N,N-bis (fl-hydroxyethyl) moropholinium silicate A solution of 29 grams morpholine in 534 grams Ludox was placed into a three-necked flask equipped with stirrer, low-temperature reflux condenser, inside thermometer, and gas inlet tube. Ethylene oxide (29.4 grams) was introduced over a period of 19 minutes into the agitated mixture. The temperature of the mixture rose rapidly and was kept between 25 and 30 C. by cooling the reaction flask. Agitation was continued for 3 hours and the mixture kept in a closed vessel at room temperature overnight. Then all the water was removed by distillation in vacuo at temperatures below 40 C. The residue, a dry, white, very brittle solid had an analysis of 29.81% quaternary and 69.44% SiO and a mole ratio of 1 quaternary:6.84SiO This corresponds to an oxide ratio of 1 quaternary ammonium oxide to 13.68SiO It was very easily soluble in water.
Example 6.Hexakis (fl-hydroxyethyl) ethylene diammonium silicate The reaction was carried out in exactly the same way as described for Example 5 using 70 grams tetrahydroxyethyl ethylene diamine, 475 grams Ludox, and 26.1 grams ethylene oxide. The residue, a transparent, slightly tacky solid, contained 38.86% quaternary, 56.41% SiO and had a mole ratio of 1 quaternary:7.9SiO Because the quaternary ion includes 2 quaternary nitrogens the oxide and ion ratios are identical. It also was easily soluble in water.
A number of the materials used in the preceding examples are described as follows:
Ammonium hydroxide was the 28-30% aqueous-Reagent Grade supplied by Allied Chemical Co.
Qus-o-FF, a finely divided silica, also obtained from the Philadelphia Quartz Company, has an ignited loss of 13.0%, with 7.2% of free water and 5.8% of bound water. It analyzed approximately SiO with a surface area of about 280 m. g.
Two colloidal silica sols sold by the Du Pont de Nemours Co. as Ludox HS and Ludox LS had the follow- The ethylene oxide with a purity of about 99.5% was supplied by Matheson Company, Inc.
ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES In analyzing the quaternary ammonium silicates, special procedures are necessary.
Ignition loss.The ignition loss is determined with a sample of quaternary silicate weighing one gram. This sample is heated in a covered platinum crucible, raising the temperature very, very slowly. If the ignition is carried out too fast, silicon carbide forms and it is almost impossible to burn it off. Therefore the crucible is heated extremely slowly on one side until all of the organic matter has charred completely. This procedure takes about one hour, then the heat is increased slowly to the full blast of a Tirrel burner and continued until the sample has turned completely to either white powder or a clear white melt. This takes about two more hours. When the sample is white in color it is transferred to a Fisher burner and heated full blast for a further half hour.
Quaternary ammonium base-The nitrogen content is determined using the Kjeldahl procedure with special modifications as indicated. About 0.75 gram of the silicate is taken as a sample. This sample is weighed into a 500 ml. round-bottom, two-necked flask and 10 grams of dehydrated K 50 and 2 grams of dehydrated CuSO are added thereto. After admixing 12 ml. of concen trated H SO a reflux glass tube is set on top of the flask and the mixture heated over a wire gauze in a hood slowly and cautiously, close to the boiling point of the sulfuric acid. Heating is continued until the originally dark solution becomes clear and no dark specks remain. This digestion period takes between 3 to 24 hours, depending on the composition. After the contents are cooled to room temperature, ml. distilled water is added carefully through the reflux tube while swirling the contents. Then a few Alundum boiling stones are added and a magnetic stirrer. The reflux glass tube is removed and the flask is connected to the distillation equipment. The end of the condenser dips into a receiver containing 100 ml. of distilled water with excess 0.2 normal HCl over the expected equivalent of ammonia. About ml. of 6-normal sodium hydroxide are added to the reaction flask through a dropping funnel while stirring with a magnetic stirrer. When all of the sodium hydroxide is added, the reaction mixture is heated for an hour to vigorous boiling. The ammonia formed during the digestion is driven over into the acid solution and after completion the free hydrochloric acid is back titrated with 0.2-normal NaOH.
Silica determinati0n.Silica in solution may be de-. termined using the usual volumetric method and the gravimetric method may be used for insoluble silica. (Vail, Soluble Silicates, vol. I, p. 40.)
7 PRODUCT PROPERTIES Viscosity.-The aqueous solutions of the sodium-free products in accordance with this invention are quite alkaline and concentrated solutions are quite viscous. For instance, a solution of 74% of a tetraethanolammonium silicate having a ratio of 0.53Si to quaternary ion (i.e. 1.06SiO to 1 quaternary ammonium oxide) had a pH of 12.8 and a viscosity at 20 C. of 8.0 poises. At 50 C. the viscosity had dropped to 1.1 poises. On the other hand, a solution of a product containing 70% of 8.7 ratio (SiO to quaternary ion or 17.4SiO to quaternary ammonium oxide) material with 30% of water had a pH of 11.08 and a viscosity at 20 C. of 14.1 poises; at 50 C. the viscosity was 6.0 poises. A solution containing 50% silica prepared from a tetraethanolammonium silicate of the mole ratio of 11.8SiO to 1.0 quaternary ion (or 23.6SiO to 1 quaternary ammonium oxide) had a viscosity at 20 C. of 2.8 poises.
Gelation vs. pH .--A sodium-free quaternary tetraethanolammonium silicate having a ratio of 2.74SiO 1.0 quaternary ion (or5.48SiO to 1 quaternary ammonium oxide) and a concentration of 42.08% 'SiO was diluted with water to 30% SiO and gradually neutralized with sulphuric acid. The initial pH was 11.3. At a pH of about 10.5, the mixture became very viscous but did not gel, and gradually the pH rose again to 10.8 during the course of 24 hours. When this was again reduced to a pH of 10.5, the mixture appeared to gel in about 2 to 4 minutes but reliquefied overnight, forming a clear, very viscous solution. Again, at a pH of 10.4, a gel-like structure formed after 1.5 minutes, but this also reliquefied after 4 days, forming a clear and viscous solution. At a pH of 9.85 a gel formed which did not redissolve or reliquefy over a period of more than 2 weeks.
On the other hand, a 3% solution was treated with 3% H280 with a pH lowered gradually to about 2. In these solutions no gel formed, but rather a finely divided silica. This lack of gelation must be related to the fact that the silica in these solutions is crystalloidal rather than c01- loidal.
Films.A sodium-free tetraethanolammonium silicate having a mole ratio of 8.7SiO (or 17.4SiO to 1 quaternary ammonium oxide) had a concentration of 45.7% SiO and 17.02% of quaternary. Films were cast on small metal dishes and dried at room temperature, 100, 200, 400 and 800 C. The weight loss and solubility of these films were determined. The alkali in the films remained quite soluble even after drying at 100 C., but on drying to 200 C., and especially above 200 C., much less alkali could be dissolved out. The silica in these films, even those dried at room temperature, was rather insoluble. The amount of silica dissolved by boiling 2.5 grams of a film dried at room temperature in 50 ml. of water 15 minutes was 2.7%. This was reduced to 1.2% after heating at 400, and to less than 1% after heating at 800.
A more alkaline material having a ratio of 4.8 (or 9.6SiO to l quaternary ammonium oxide) was used as a solution containing 41.0% SiO and 27.55% of quaternary ion. 59% of the silica was soluble after drying at 100 but after drying at 200 only 2.6% was soluble, and at 400, and higher, less than 1% was soluble. These films had no adhesion to metal or glass. The quaternary ion was soluble in both films after curing at 100 C. At 200 C., and above, it apepars that the organic ion breaks down and evaporates to some extent. About 50% was lost by curing 30 minutes at 200 C., and this appears to be more noticeable in the ratios containing higher quaternary nitrogen alkali.
The more siliceous films crack completely when dried at room temperature for 16 hours, Whereas low ratio films, for instance those having a ratio of about 4, form hard, smooth surfaces at room temperature which do not change for almost 4 days, at which time a light cracking around the edges is observed. Neither do they crack at 8 100 C. However, on curing at 200 C. these films do crack and turn tan in 5 minutes. The films all break down and turn brown when cured at 400 C. and cannot be scrubbed oif the plates.
The film stability may be increased by adding material such as urea or Polyox WSR 35, a high molecular weight ethylene oxide polymer sold by Union Carbide Chemicals Co. Glycerine was also good in the more alkaline ratio materials. The same may be said for cane sugar, sorbitol and hexamethylenetetramine.
Adhesives.An adhesive solution Was prepared from a sodium-free tetraethanolammonium silicate having a silica ratio of 5.44 (or 10.9SiO to 1 quaternary ammonium oxide), with a total solids content of 68.27%. The viscosity at 20 C. was 2.33, and the pH was 11.4. After setting at room temperature, B flute single face kraft board bonded with this adhesive had a pin adhesion strength of 43.4 pounds per 12 inches of flute tip. Setting the bond at higher temperatures reduced this strength as, for instance, at 94 C. the strength was only 37.4 lbs., and at 232 C. the strength was only 8 lbs. per 12 inches of flute tip. In all cases, the Wet strength was less than one-half pound.
Apparently because of the crystalloidal nature of the solutions, those solutions having higher silica ratios gave weaker bonds.
The alkali metal silicates and alkali metal quaternary ammonium silicates will form stable solutions with insignificant amounts of most water miscible organic solvents. For instance, a solution of sodium silicate having a mole ratio of 1Na O:3.22SiO and containing 15% SiO will accept only about 0.5% of either methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, dioxane or tetrahydrofuran. A sodium tetraethanolammonium silicate with a mole ratio of 1Na O:1.1 quaternary ion:3.9SiO (or 1Na O: 0.55 quaternary ammonium oxide:3:9SiO in an aqueous solution with 15 SiO will accept less than 1% of the above water miscible solvents. On the other hand, alkali free tetraethanolammonium silicates with mole ratios varying from 1 quaternary ion:2.74SiO to 1:10.42 (or 1 quaternary ammonium oxide:5.48SiO to 1:20.84) in aqueous solutions containing 15% SiO will accept from 30 to of the above solvents, and such aqueous solutions containing 50% SiO will accept from 20 to 40% of these solvents. Miscibility increases with decreasing silica concentration and ratio. It also tends to decrease in the order methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran. These results suggest the application of my new sodium-free quaternary ammonium silicates in paints, coatings and liquid detergent systems, for example, in which soluble silicates were never compatible heretofore.
In the foregoing specification, whenever the term sodium is referred to it will be understood that the result would be substantially the same when using other alkali metals such as potassium, lithium, etc.
What is claimed is:
A method for producing an amorphous quaternary nitrogen composition having the formula:
X N R O YSiO ZH O wherein:
n is a small integer between 1 and 10;
X, Y and Z represent numbers defining the relative amounts of each of the component parts of the compound and X is 1, Y is between 0.5 and 20, and Z is between 0 and 99, wherein from one to four R groups p are associated with each N;
R represents organic radicals having between 1 and 20 carbon atoms, at least two of said organic radicals consisting of omega hydroxy alkyl groups,
p is equal to the number of R groups and is at least 4 and up to 4n,
s is an integer from 1 to p, indicating the number of different R groups,
9 which comprises reacting together the following three materials at a temperature not exceeding about 30 C.:
(a) a material selected from the group consisting of ammonia and an amine, and (b) ethylene oxide, and (c) a material selected from the group consisting of finely divided silica hydrate, silica gel and a colloidal silica gel.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,137,314 11/1938 Ulrich et al. 260567.6
5 ALEX MAZEL, Primary Examiner.
HENRY R. IILES, Examiner.
J. TOVAR, Assistant Examiner.
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Cited By (7)
|Publication number
|Priority date
|Publication date
|US3453122A (en) *
|Philadelphia Quartz Co
|Paint vehicle
|US3475185A (en) *
|Philadelphia Quartz Co
|Alkali metal silicate binder for zinc-rich paints
|US3819392A (en) *
|Philadelphia Quartz Co
|Non-aqueous quaternary ammonium silicate solutions
|JPS5028943B1 (en) *
|US4059553A (en) *
|Kikusui Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Coating composition comprising oxides and/or hydroxides of Mg++, Ca++, chromium, manganese, and Zn++ and quaternary ammonium silicates useful for building materials
|US4806665A (en) *
|Nalco Chemical Company
|Preparation of silica sol
|US5607503A (en) *
|Refract-A-Gard Pty Limited
|Silica-based binder
Citations (1)
|Publication number
|Priority date
|Publication date
|US2137314A (en) *
|Ig Farbenindustrie Ag
|Process of producing quaternary ammonium compounds
Patent Citations (1)
|Publication number
|Priority date
|Publication date
|US2137314A (en) *
|Ig Farbenindustrie Ag
|Process of producing quaternary ammonium compounds
Cited By (7)
|Publication number
|Priority date
|Publication date
|US3453122A (en) *
|Philadelphia Quartz Co
|Paint vehicle
|US3475185A (en) *
|Philadelphia Quartz Co
|Alkali metal silicate binder for zinc-rich paints
|US3819392A (en) *
|Philadelphia Quartz Co
|Non-aqueous quaternary ammonium silicate solutions
|JPS5028943B1 (en) *
|US4059553A (en) *
|Kikusui Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Coating composition comprising oxides and/or hydroxides of Mg++, Ca++, chromium, manganese, and Zn++ and quaternary ammonium silicates useful for building materials
|US4806665A (en) *
|Nalco Chemical Company
|Preparation of silica sol
|US5607503A (en) *
|Refract-A-Gard Pty Limited
|Silica-based binder
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