text:
Application unit for epicutaneous testing or treatmentDownload PDF
- Publication number
- Authority
- Grant status
- Grant
- Patent type
- Prior art keywords
- test
- application
- substances
- skin
- surface
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
- A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
- A61B10/0035—Vaccination diagnosis other than by injuring the skin, e.g. allergy test patches
- A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
- A61B2010/0009—Testing for drug or alcohol abuse
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to an application unit which can be used for epicutaneous testing to clarify the etiology and diagnosis of allergic as well as light-potentiated contact eczema and for the administration of therapeutically active medicaments for treatment of local skin diseases or systemic ones.
The epicutaneous test has been used for more than 70 years. The substance to be tested is applied on a patch and fixed to the skin with adhesive tape. The patch is left in place for 24 to 48 hours or more and then removed. If an eczematous response is elicited, the person probably has a contact allergy to the tested substance. Although always based on these principles, the testing procedures vary from one clinic to another. The conventional procedure of epicutaneous testing is very tedious and time consuming. Every patient has to be tested by the so-called "standard series" which is composed of about twenty allergens. Additional supplementary tests may be needed. The application of test substances on the patches is traditionally performed by hand. It is obvious that the procedure takes a very long time to achieve because the doses have to be dispensed as accurately as possible. Trying to be accurate in dosing, even when a trained staff is doing the work, is both tedious and tiresome. Accurate dosing is not possible by the conventional method however.
Patchtest technique has not as yet been subjected to systematic studies. There are no universally accepted procedures, test materials or norms for the concentration of test substances. Although the choice of suitable concentration of test substances is of fundamental importance, there are no universally accepted concentrations, and the concentrations differ from one clinic to another. The importance of standardized concentrations should be stressed upon since, for example, too high concentrations result in false positive reactions because of their primary irritant effect, and may even sensitize previously healthy patients, while too low concentrations produce false negative reactions.
Moreover, there are no norms for the vehicles in which the test substances are dissolved or norms for dosing the test substances which are applied on the patches.
In patch testing in test substances(allergens) applied are either
(1) as they are or
(2) mixed with petrolatum or other ointment bases or
(3) dissolved in water, olive oil, alcohol, acetone, methylethylketone (MEK), isobutylketone, butyl--or ethylacetate or liquid paraffin.
Different vehicles may give different results. With identical concentrations of perfumes in vaseline and in water, positive reactions were more frequent with vaseline. Some ointment bases cannot efficiently release certain substances. Solutions evaporate easily and the concentration of the test substance increases, resulting in false positive reactions and the concentration becomes uncertain. Volatile substances tend to diffuse from ointment bases resulting in false negative reactions. Hygroscopic substances become diluted by atmospheric humidity so that the concentration decreases and moreover they may degrade during storage. Some substances may change and degrade when exposed to light.
In order to elicit an allergic reaction in an organism already sensitized, not only is the concentration of the allergen important but also the amount of the allergen per unit area of the skin. The strongest reactions are obtained with 35 μl of fluid. This is seldom taken in consideration which, from one clinic to another, vary considerably in size and hence also in the amount applied. The same thing i.e. not only the concentration, but also the amount per unit area can be of significance in inducing sensitization. It has been reported that the risk of patch-test sensitization increases with the amount of ointment or solution used. Moreover, large amounts of the allergen used may contaminate neighbouring test sites, giving rise to confusing test results.
Ointments for testing are kept either in glass jars or aluminium tubes.
The ointment dosages taken from the jars by a glass rod or expressed from aluminium tubes show striking degree of variation.
The amount of test solutions delivered by pipettes cannot be exactly measured and therefore show a great degree of variation. Application of too small doses of test substance must with certainity lead to false negative reactions; application of too large amounts may increase the risk of patch test sensitization.
Several materials, such as; linen, cotton and cellulose filter paper in different sizes, have been used. The size of the patch is not standardized. These test materials show up many disadvantages, for example the linen and cotton may react with the test substances, and the cellulose filter paper proved to reduce readily-oxidizable compounds, such as reduction of a hexvalent chrome(allergen) to the trivalent form(non-allergen) in a very short time.
Consequently, it may happen that a patient with chrome allergy does not react by a chrome patch test and is therefore declared free from chrome allergy.
Another disadvantage of the manual procedure of application of test substances from jars and tubes is that the order of tests should always be remembered. Not infrequently this order is being disturbed by the busy staff, giving rise to faults in the interpretation of test results and consequently to a wrong diagnosis. This serious fault may be suspected by the dermatologist when his clinical findings differ from the test results. This means that the tests have to be repeated. If the fault is not discovered then the problem is unsolved. The patient will avoid contact with wrong allergens and keep in contact with the actual ones. Medico-legal and compensation conflicts are to be expected in such cases.
The size of test area according to conventional testing methods varies considerably. It is about 1 cm or more in diameter. A large area of the skin is therefore needed to apply the "standard series" of about twenty test substances. Thus, a limited number of test substances can be tested. Additional tests cannot be performed without waiting for the recovery of the skin which has been previously tested.
When fixing the conventional patches onto the skin by adhesive tapes, it is usually difficult to keep them fixed because of sweating and body movement. Therefore, the necessary proper contact of test substances with the skin for 2 or more days is not alway successful. Tests are therefore often repeated.
The risk of exacerbation of the eczema during epicutaneous testing is common because the size of test area is too large. The test is also a tedious procedure.
Test patches of different kinds are already known through patent literature. They comprise a carrier with one or more places for the test substances. In the case where the carrier is provided with a test substance for later use, a covering film is applied on that carrier which hermatically encloses the substance. The covering film is removed immediately before the test patch is applied on the body.
A disadvantage with this type of carrier is that when the covering film is peeled off a larger or smaller portion of test substance follows with the protective film and this seriously affects the test result because it depends on an exact amount of test substance on an exactly defined surface. In order to solve this problem it even been suggested to apply the test substance on a tape and cover the substance with a piece of gauze or the like, whereby the test substance diffuses through the test patch when it is pressed against the body. This type of test patch requires special packing which protects the test substances together with the piece of gauze already applied on it. This makes the test device considerably more expensive especially when every single test substance must be packed separately.
Another drawback by the already used testpatches is that they do not accurately demarcate an exactly defined skin area, because the test substance tends to spread widely outside the carrier's test area. In the case where the carrier is gummed, even the adhesive layer would induce skin irritation, which would be difficult to differentiate it from the test reactions. One had tried to solve this problem by placing the test substances in tiny shallow covers which are fastened onto the skin by means of a tape. By this idea it was intended to press the cover's edge onto the skin and thereby limit the test area. But in practice it has been shown that the object could not be achieved without the use of a very strong adhesive, which normally gives rise to skin irritation. Moreover, these covers have shown up the same handicaps as mentioned before concerning the dosing, transport and storage of the testpatches.
The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages and handicaps, and to bring about an application unit which permits an exactly dosed quantity of test substance, applied onto an accurately defined skin surface which is so confined that the test substance cannot spread outside the defined test surface, and without exposing the skin area in the neighbourhood for irritation by the carrier's adhesive or the like.
Another object of the present invention is to bring about an application unit which is simple in its construction and inexpensive. Still another object of the invention is that the application unit is provided with such a protective packing that it should neither be contaminated by the test substances when the packing is peeled off, nor by any other means the quantity of the test substance and/or the test surface be altered. This task has been achieved by means that the carrier comprises at least one application device which is provided with an application surface to keep one test substance.
The said application device is made of a non-absorbant impermeable durable sheet. The application surface is essentially located at the same level with the adhesive surface of the carrier, and is surrounded by an annular groove. And the covering layer is, in the middle of each application surface, provided with domes which are so dimensioned that with a distance compass the test substances.
According to the present invention, the dosing of the test substances(allergens) can be accomplished with a high degree of accuracy by means of manually or electrically driven dispensers.
The dose of test substances needed to elicit an allergic reaction could be reduced by using special vehicles and additives which increase skin permeability for the test substances, whereby the risk of sensitization or poisoning would be much reduced. By using the new test units, not only will the doses of the test substances always be constant but also the size of the test area of the skin, which adds additional accuracy on the test results.
According to the present invention petrolatum is a suitable vehicle for the test substances, which is proved to be the ideal base for the manufacturing of ointments for epicutaneous testing. When the substances show low permeability through the skin, one could add special additives which have the power to permeate through the skin to lead the test substance to the deeper skin layers.
By an industrial manufacturing of the application units according to the present invention, the concentration of the test substances(allergens) will always be the same and according to the latest established norm system. The concentration of the test substances will also be kept constant since the test surfaces with the test substances can effectively be sealed up, so that evaporation, oxidization and the effect of humidity and light would be prevented.
Newly prepared test substances applied onto the test devices of the test units are covered by a protective layer with domes, made for example of plastic. The units are then packed in a suitable way, for example in an aluminium or plastic film to protect the said units from environment. The stability of the test substances can therefore be guaranteed for a longer time.
According to the present invention the application of a test unit comprising, for example, a whole series of twenty test substances would only take a few seconds instead of, as conventionally performed, an extensive contribution. No trained staff is needed. The packing of several test units is easy to open and the patches are ready to apply onto the skin without additional preparation. By the same staff and time span more patients can be tested in the hospitals when the new test units are used. Moreover, the dermatologists, which normally do not perform epicutaneous testing in their own clinics, would find the procedure so easy and quick that they prefer to do it themselves.
The order of the test substances can not be disturbed since it is controlled during manufacturing so that the same order is always maintained. The test devices are numbered in each unit and every number represents a test substance.
According to the present invention the size of the test area is reduced to less than 1 cm in diameter. This reduction in size and the special construction of the test units permit a complete shutting off between the individual test devices, which makes the distance between the test devices be reduced. Moreover, the test units because of their reduced test surface, can be better fixed onto the skin. The test reactions will be smaller in size due to smaller size of test areas, causing the patient less suffering and also reduce the risk of exacerbation of the eczema and sensitization. A higher number of additional tests can be performed without waiting for the recovery of the skin which has been previously tested.
The majority of the dermatologists are not always willing to perform epicutaneous testing in their own clinics partly because they must spend a long time for every test, partly because a trained staff is important to perform the test effectively and partly because special equipment and test substances are required. Moreover, fresh test substances have to be maintained and this is very expensive.
The present invention assures better stability of the test substances(allergens) because of the nature of the carrier's material, the protective layer covering the test substances, and the outer packing of the test unit. For the same reason, the volatile test substances would not disappear from the test units. These test units therefore are very economical for both hospitals and private clinics.
By using the new test units there will be no need for any special equipment or room. All this tedious work to prepare the test patches according to the conventional procedure is unnecessary. All that is required is to open the packing and the test units are they are ready to be fixed onto the skin.
The basic idea of the present invention can also be utilized for treatment with therapeutical agents, such as antibiotics, corticosteroids and hormones, in order to treat local skin diseases or to administer through the skin therapeutical agents for the treatment of systemic diseases. The therapeutical agent, either pure, mixed with an ointment base or as solution, is applied onto the device of the test unit, then the unit is fixed on that part of the skin which is to be treated.
In such cases, where the treatment of skin diseases requires a potent therapeutical agent, such as corticosteroids, it is preferred to avoid unnecessarily overtreating the diseased skin and particularly to avoid consuming large quantities of the drug, because undesirable and even dangerous side effects may arise from absorption of the drug through the skin. Many cases have been reported about the side effects of corticosteroids in children because of indiscriminate use of high doses of corticosteroid ointments for the treatment of localized eczema. The steroids are absorbed through the skin, reaching the bloodstream and may give rise to systemic intoxication. Not only corticosteroids but also other drugs may give rise to dangerous and fatal intoxication through this route. By using a suitable size of the application units and their limiting grooves, the size and amount of the applied drug can be confined and controlled in each unit. More concentrated drugs can therefore be used for the treatment of obstinate cases of localized skin diseases, where the conventional concentration of the drugs is not effective. Examples for such diseases are skin cancer, melanoma, warts, chronic localized psoriasis, abscess, acne, haemangioma etc.
For systemic administration of drugs through the skin the drugs can be mixed with substances which increase the permeability of the skin for said drugs. Drug release from the mixture would be constant and prolonged. The drugs which usually irritate the stomach and intestines and those drugs which are destroyed by digestive enzymes are very good examples. The use of hormones is another example of usefulness of the application units of the present invention.
The administration is usually preferred to be prolonged. Depot hormone injections have been utilized in the treatment of menstrual disturbances and the menopause. The search after anticonceptional hormone treatment with prolonged effect is still going on. Digitalis and similar derivatives which are used for the treatment of heart diseases, also nitroglycerine and its derivatives which are used for the treatment of angina pectoris, and even diuretics and antidiabetics can be administered with the help of the present invention. The degree of absorption of the drugs can be regulated by means of varying the concentration of the drugs and modification of the type of the vehicle used so that an optimal release of the drug with prolonged high concentration level in the plasma is obtained in each special case.
Some executed examples of the application unit according to the invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 comprises an exploded perspective view of the application unit of the present invention.
FIG. 2 comprises, in an enlarged scale, a sectional elevational view of the application unit according to FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 comprises, in a smaller scale, a sectional view of the application unit in its position during use i.e. applied on the skin.
FIG. 4 comprises a sectional view of a modified form of the unit according to the invention.
The application unit shown in FIGS. 1-3 comprises a carrier 10 provided with at least one, or preferably a number, for example 20, application devices 11. In the shown embodiments the carrier 10 and the application device are combined in one unit of a nonabsorbent impermeable material, for example plastic, plastic-treated paper or textile, metal film or the like. On one side of the carrier 10 and outside the application device 11 is applied an adhesive material or the like forming a continuous adhesive surface 12. Every application device 11 comprises an application surface 13 for one substance 14, for example test substance, therapeutical medicament or the like. The application surface 13 is surrounded by an annular groove 15, which extends in a direction from the application surface. The application surface 13 is placed essentially in the same level as the adhesive surface 12. The application surface 13 can eventually be surrounded by a very low peripheral edge 16, in order to facilitate the dispensing of the substance 14 and to limit its outspreading.
In order to protect the substance 14 during transport and storage the adhesive surface 12 is fitted with a covering layer 17 made of durable material which in the middle of every application device 11 is provided with a dome 18. The said dome is so dimensioned that it compasses the substance 14 with a distance to prevent contact with said substance. The dome 18 is so arranged that it compasses also the application surface 13.
The substance 14, which could be in ointment or cream form or the like, is applied on the application surface 13 with high accuracy concerning both the quantity and extension. The application of a test unit of for example 20 different test substances is done by peeling off the cover layer 17 from the carrier 10, after which the test unit is ready to be applied directly onto the skin.
The skin and the underlying tissue layers usually expand into the ring-formed groove 15, whereby every section which is exposed to the substance 14 would be a sharply-defined skin unit. The demarcation has been achieved without exercising pressure on the skin and thereby no impaired blood supply to the test area would occur. Because the application surface 13 is located in the same level with the adhesive surface 12, the substance 14 should certainly come in contact with the skin even if the substance is found in thin layer. The modified form of the unit shown in FIG. 4 differs from that unit described in FIGS. 1-3 by that every individual application device 11 constitutes a separate part by itself which is placed on or in a recess 19 in the carrier 10, which carrier can be made of an adhesive tape or the like. The test substance is protected by the same way as in the former examples by means of a durable cover layer 17.
The present invention is not limited to the shown preferred embodiment but also several variations and combinations among them are conceivable without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
|Application Number
|Priority Date
|Filing Date
|US06245644 US4390027A (en)
|Application unit for epicutaneous testing or treatment
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
|Application Number
|Priority Date
|Filing Date
|US06245644 US4390027A (en)
|Application unit for epicutaneous testing or treatment
Publications (1)
|Publication Number
|Publication Date
|US4390027A true US4390027A (en)
Family Applications (1)
|Application Number
|Priority Date
|Filing Date
|US06245644 Expired - Fee Related US4390027A (en)
|Application unit for epicutaneous testing or treatment
Country Status (1)
|US4390027A (en)
Cited By (10)
|Publication number
|Priority date
|Publication date
|US4699792A (en) *
|Beiersdorf Ag
|Self-adhesive plaster containing medication
|US4836217A (en) *
|Fischer Torkel I
|Hypersensitivity test means
|US4887611A (en) *
|Mit Beschrankter Haftung
|Plaster for conducting skin patch tests
|US5099857A (en) *
|Northern Sydney Area Health Service
|Medical testing device with calibrated indicia
|US5179959A (en) *
|Henry Fishman
|Allergy testing apparatus and method
|NL1005967C2 (en) *
|Heli Plastic Bv
|Diagnostic test system.
|US20040142460A1 (en) *
|Michael Cima
|Raised surface assay plate
|US20080152592A1 (en) *
|Bayer Healthcare Llc
|Method of therapeutic drug monitoring
|US20080154149A1 (en) *
|Bayer Healthcare Llc
|Method of analyzing for at least one allergy
|US20100210932A1 (en) *
|Bayer Healthcare Llc
|Method of analyzing an analyte
Citations (3)
|Publication number
|Priority date
|Publication date
|US3703890A (en) *
|Milton A Saunders Jr
|Skin patch test device
|US4158359A (en) *
|Kanebo Limited
|Device for testing influence of medicinal or cosmetic substance on skin
|US4166457A (en) *
|University Of Utah Research Institute
|Fluid self-sealing bioelectrode
Patent Citations (3)
|Publication number
|Priority date
|Publication date
|US3703890A (en) *
|Milton A Saunders Jr
|Skin patch test device
|US4166457A (en) *
|University Of Utah Research Institute
|Fluid self-sealing bioelectrode
|US4158359A (en) *
|Kanebo Limited
|Device for testing influence of medicinal or cosmetic substance on skin
Cited By (14)
|Publication number
|Priority date
|Publication date
|US4699792A (en) *
|Beiersdorf Ag
|Self-adhesive plaster containing medication
|US4836217A (en) *
|Fischer Torkel I
|Hypersensitivity test means
|US4887611A (en) *
|Mit Beschrankter Haftung
|Plaster for conducting skin patch tests
|US5179959A (en) *
|Henry Fishman
|Allergy testing apparatus and method
|US5099857A (en) *
|Northern Sydney Area Health Service
|Medical testing device with calibrated indicia
|WO1999008601A1 (en) *
|Heli Plastic B.V.
|Diagnostic testing systems
|NL1005967C2 (en) *
|Heli Plastic Bv
|Diagnostic test system.
|US7449307B2 (en) *
|Transform Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
|Raised surface assay plate
|US20040142460A1 (en) *
|Michael Cima
|Raised surface assay plate
|US20070105185A1 (en) *
|Cima Michael J
|Raised surface assay plate
|US7763455B2 (en)
|Transform Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
|Raised surface assay plate
|US20080152592A1 (en) *
|Bayer Healthcare Llc
|Method of therapeutic drug monitoring
|US20080154149A1 (en) *
|Bayer Healthcare Llc
|Method of analyzing for at least one allergy
|US20100210932A1 (en) *
|Bayer Healthcare Llc
|Method of analyzing an analyte
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Effective date: 19950628


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Having problems with your Dell Inspiron 1501 Notebook ?
Dell Inspiron 1501 random freeze
\015 This started happening about a month ago - machine is about1.5 years old.At random times, the screen becomes a series of thin vertical bars,or just a bluish-white color. At that point, keyboard is dead, onlyoption is to hold down the power button until it shuts off, andthen reboot.I ran several Microsoft hardware-checking programs - checkCPU, memory, HDD etc. & all tests were ok.I suspected maybe a heat problem, but it happens sometimesright after booting up for the first time that day. Sometimesit (seems to ) happen if I pick the laptop up..but not consistently.And sometimes I can work for an hour, and it doesn't happen.I used System Restore to go back three months, and that didn't cure it, either. A hard bug to trace down. Any help appreciated!\015
Answers :
Hello..Mr./miss..if you want need more help and information about you're problem email me at [email protected]
If you can take the unit apart, check the LVDS cable from the mother board to the Formatter/T-con assy. a good cleaning with alcohol should work.
Repair Help & Product Troubleshooting for Dell Inspiron 1501 Notebook
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Dell Inspiron 531 (desktop) won?t turn on/boot
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Not starting my laptot turned off when i was working on it...and now i can't make him start again...when i push the power button i can see the ligths on for a fraction of a second and then nothing...i can't make him boot...nothing i shappening My Dell Inspiron 1750 was left on, plugged in..went away for the day, came home..Laptop is dead! the AC adapter's little green light is not on even though it's plugged in, the lap top has no power whatsoever. Have no idea how it happened or what the probl
Just to sum it up, are we talking about the Dell Inspiron 1750 or a Dell Inspiron 6000? Seeing two different things here. With the regards to the ac adapter, How "Warm"are we talking about here. 1 to 10. "1" 100 below 0 or "10" Nuclear Reactor Hot? A ... Dell Inspiron 6000 Notebook
Blue screen when I close the top of my laptop or shut it off
This error relates to video drivers. to fix this. restart your computer and as soon as you see dell keep tapping the F8 key in the top row to get advanced boot options. and then select "Enable VGA Mode" and press enter 2 times. then the computer shou ... Dell Inspiron 6400 Notebook
My two friends have the same screen freezing problem with a 6 month old Dell Inspiron 1525 laptop. Have to remove the battery in order to shut it down. Dell remotely re installed the original software to no avail. I have advised her to run only on battery and allow air around the base. This appears to have helped with no freezing for three days. Obviously you should not have to do this. Surely Dell should replace the computer. She was also conned into taking expensive insurance not long af
John,\015\012\015\012As the laptop is still in warranty period, let us not open it up and loose the warranty. And also that she has taken additional insurance, you can threaten both o=the parties, ie, Dell and the insurer, that you will take th ... Dell Inspiron 1525 Notebook
Dell 1525 laptop keeps freezing
Mine does the exact same....HELP ... Dell Inspiron 1525 Laptop Jet Black
Errorcode 2000:0221 / 4C00:041C
Have you tried rebooting and pressing f11 several times immediately up on reboot. This will give you the option to restore to Dell's System restore. If this does not work for you let me know. I have it had work for previous client's. ... PC Desktops
Dell 1000 Inspiron won't get past start up screen, frozen
Had this exact problem on the same model (Dell Inspiron 1000) laptop. Solution was simple: remove battery, problem goes away. I guess the battery was so far gone it was hanging the BIOS on startup. ... Dell Inspiron 1000 Notebook

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Q: Our friend's wife lost her job several years ago. They have had a tough time since. Because my husband and I are in a fortunate position, we buy them grocery gift cards periodically.
We recently found out that our friend's wife has turned down several jobs because "they don't feed my soul." We are aghast and do not want to continue to help them. However, they literally do not have food on their table some weeks. Should we say something or just stop helping them?
Friends in Deed
A: Happiness is minimizing your involvement with things that leave you "aghast." Stop helping, say nothing. I'm not sure whether typing that fed my soul or snatched its plate away, but the answer makes sense to me regardless.
Be thankful for a message of sympathy — even if it's a text
Q: My father recently passed away. My adult stepdaughter, who has always been somewhat of a challenge, has known my father just about all her life and texted me a message of condolence. I know she is of the "social media" generation, but isn't that taking it a bit too far?
A: I could easily agree, but instead I urge you not to look for reasons to be disappointed in people. You will always, always find them. Instead, please look for reasons to be grateful: Your always-challenging stepdaughter thought of you and expressed her sympathy. I'm sorry for your loss.


text:
Son of Moses Marion Cradduck and Mary Ann McCaslin
Husband of Nancy Angeline Woods
Dec 15, 1859
Mar 16, 1938
Contributed on 4/24/09 by peggy
Email This Contributor
Record #: 183189
On this site you can upload gravestone photos, locate ancestors and perform genealogy research. If you have a relative buried in Arkansas, we encourage you to upload a digital image using our Submit a Photo page. Contributing to this genealogy archive helps family historians and genealogy researchers locate their relatives and complete their family tree.
Submitted: 4/25/09 • Approved: 4/25/09 • Last Updated: 7/21/12 • R183189-G0-S3


text:
I need a favor from you.
Though it's how I got my home in Texas (thank you, Mr. T) I don't make a habit of begging.
But today all bets are off and I am on my knees.
If you've read 'False Victim' then you know what my family has been through. William was only 10 when we moved away from that situation.
But this isn't about us - so bare with me.
You see, when we moved there were twin boys, Edmund and Edwin, that became like brothers to Will. Those boys were and still are a Godsend.
We lovingly refer to them as 'The Ed's.' They have a younger brother named Samuel. Their mother is a single, working mom who was working two jobs but had to quit one to continue her education for a better future.
'The Ed's' graduated from a high school a year ago and both turned down college scholarships to play football so they could stay home, attend a local community college and work two jobs (each of them) to help their mom and be there to help with their little brother while he finished high school.
In this daily process we call life, the rent fell behind. They are facing eviction. They live in one of the, if not the cheapest apartment complexes in the DC metro area.
This is not a matter of them living among their means.
It's not.
So what does this have to do with you? I'm glad you asked.
Please click on the link below and donate whatever you can. You think you're donation is too small to make a difference? Think again. It's all about volume.
I'd like to thank you in advance.
There is one thing I know about you all.
You're big-hearted.
You're insanely generous and you're the most kind-hearted folks in the world.
I KNOW together we will get this done.


text:
Aint no ash will burn Ranch Romance
[D]I have seen snow th[G]at fell in May[A]
I have seen rain on[G] cloudless [A]days
[D]Some things are always boun[G]d to chang[A]e
There ain't[G] no ash wil[A]l burn
[D]Love is a prec[G]ious thing I'm[A] told
[D]Burns just like West V[G]irginia coa[A]l
[D]But when the fire die[G]s out, its c[A]old
There ain't[G] no ash wil[A]l burn
You say this life is not your lot
And I can't be something that I'm not
We can't stoke a fire that we ain't got
There ain't no ash will burn
In every life there comes a time
When there are no more tears to cry
We must leave something dear behind
There aint no ash will burn
There is one lesson I have learned
There ain't no ash will burn
Important: The song above is NOT stored on the Chordie server. The original song is hosted at www.roughstock.com. Chordie works as a search engine and provides on-the-fly formatting. Chordie does not index songs against artists'/composers' will. To remove this song please click here.
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text:
Originally Posted at: http://diehardgamefa-n.com/2012/03/20/tabletop-review-toys-for-the-sandbox-the-wizards-tower/
The Wizard's Tower is number…zero? Yes folks, it's #0 in the Toys for the Sandbox series. A prequel, if you will, to #1… I suppose.
The booklet consists of a title page, a page of general setting information, a page with a map depicting the various floors of the tower, two pages of plot hooks, one page of characters, and a page with a Rumors table on it and another table for items that might be found in the basement.
The basic story goes like this: a reclusive wizard lives in a tower near a town, and his activities tend to attract attention… at least, when he is actually home. The wizard's presence provides for tall tales, possible employment, fascination, and not an insignificant amount of attention from people wondering just what valuable things they might find inside that tower.
The wizard himself is an accomplished adventurer, and he is one of the characters described in the booklet. You will also find a local farmer and ex-adventurer, a demon who may or may not come calling on the wizard, and a strangely talented stone mason.
What Do I Think?
This is my favorite of the series so far. It's got theme, it's got plot hooks from all kinds of different angles, it's got cool stuff to find in the basement, interesting characters, a decent map of the tower, good setting information, and above all it doesn't make itself too definite; by that I mean it's able to be dropped into any setting that will accommodate it. It does have a plot hook that links it to The Secret Library of Ethos, but a GM can substitute any library or archive he or she wants. I would have liked to see a top-down map of the tower and gardens, and also one of the general proximity to the town, but again those are things a GM can sketch up in a few minutes. In my opinion, this is a great freebie to pick up.


text:
Have Tax Questions? Ask a Tax Expert for Answers ASAP
Thanks for your question
Can you advise what it is you need, are you in receipt of a pension ?
plz let me know my PAYE REFERENCE NO
my pension isdue in 2016 I need to know my PAYE reference no plz elp me to find it so i may pay volunteer tax credit
Hi Tanveer
If you have worked in the UK both your PAYE reference number and National Insurance number will be on payslips and the year end certificate P60 -
If you do not have either of these but did work then get in touch with the employer you worked for, and ask them the reference number.
But if you have not worked then you will not have a PAYE refernce number, just a National Insurance number (if you have applied for one since DEc 2009) and this you can use.
Please freel free to ask follow up questions.


text:
July/August 2009, Volume :5 Number 4 , page 23 - 23 [Free]
Join NursingCenter to get uninterrupted access to this Article
An advance directive is a document that tells your healthcare provider and family what kind of medical care you'd want (or wouldn't want) if you become terminally ill and can't speak for yourself. An advance directive takes effect only if you can't express your wishes (for example, if you're in a coma).
In a living will, one type of advance directive, you tell healthcare providers what kind of treatments you'd want (or refuse to have) if you were dying and unable to speak for yourself or if you become permanently unconscious. For example, you may state that you wouldnwant to be kept alive on a breathing machine if you're unconscious with no hope of recovery.
A living will won't prevent you from getting medical care if you're sick or injured. It simply tells healthcare providers what kind of care you'd want if you couldn't speak for yourself. You can cancel or change these instructions at any time.
A durable power of attorney for healthcare, also called a healthcare proxy or surrogate, is another type of advance directive. You'll use it to name someone you trust to make healthcare decisions for you if you can't speak for yourself. Like a living will, it takes effect only if you can't make medical decisions for yourself. The person you name must be at least 18 years old and usually can't be your doctor or other healthcare provider.
The American Bar Association recommends that patients have both a living will and a durable power of attorney for healthcare. A living will is more detailed, but it may not cover a medical situation you experience in the future. In that case, having a durable power of attorney for healthcare lets a trusted relative or friend make decisions about a situation or treatment not covered in your living will.
Living wills and durable powers of attorney for healthcare are for everyone, not just older adults. Sudden illness or an accident can happen to anyone.
Prepare an advance directive when you're well. Discuss your wishes with your family and with anyone you name to make decisions for you, so they'll know what you'd want if you become seriously ill.
Your healthcare provider or local hospital can provide the forms to fill out. If you're admitted to a hospital, you'll be asked if you have an advance directive; if you don't, the hospital can give you the forms you need. For forms and a tool kit, visit the U.S. Living Will Registry's Web site at http://www.uslivingwillregistry.com/forms.shtm and the American Bar Association's Web site at http://www.abanet.org/aging/toolkit/home.html.
You don't need a lawyer to write your advance directive, although you may want one to help you. Follow legal requirements (as outlined on the form) to prepare valid documents and make sure you put the date on your documents. Usually you'll need two people to witness your signature; some states also require that you have your signature notarized.
Make several copies of your advance directive. Keep one for yourself and give others to your healthcare providers, lawyer, family members, and friends. Bring copies of these documents if you're being admitted to a hospital or nursing home. If your wishes change, write new documents and destroy the old ones.
Join NursingCenter on Social Media to find out the latest news and special offers
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text:
DWF has made further moves to strengthen its family practice credentials, with lateral hires to its Liverpool and Preston offices.
Pauline McNamara, a family partner at Southport firm Fletchers, has moved over to the Liverpool office of DWF together with associate Helen Morgan, an assistant, a trainee and three secretaries.
The move is a snub to Fletchers' family practice, which will be discontinued with the firm focussing instead on personal injury.
DWF's Preston office will see the arrival of associate Gill Graveson, a specialist in divorce, financial settlement and children. She joins from Marsden Rawsthorn along with her secretary.
The moves follow hot on the heels of the arrival of Cobbetts' entire 14-strong family team to the firm's Manchester office in May of this year (www.thelawyer.com, 25 April 2007).


text:
The new £11.8 million school in Eastbourne has reached a milestone at a special 'topping out' ceremony.
The ceremony, to mark the structural completion of the new building was held by Gildredge House Free School in conjunction with Willmott Dixon, which has carried out the building work.
The traditional 'topping out' ceremony was attended by Eastbourne mayor Janet Coles and was watched by students, senior teachers, parents and governors. The event comes as the school looks forward to opening its doors to 176 more students in September.
Willmott Dixon has been working on the 76-week scheme since May last year. The school, which is being built on the site of the former Dental Practice Board, will be housed in a build area of 12,307 square metres. Works have included the demolition of single storey buildings, construction of a three court sports hall, a new performance space and a three storey extension. Newly landscaped play spaces and a large multi-use games area have also been provided.
The works will complement the imposing original Victorian buildings, which a century ago housed Temple Grove Preparatory School, and the refurbished buildings which were added at the time of the Dental Practice Board in the 1950s and 1960s.
Gildredge House opened its doors to the first 176 students in September last year. The school will continue this pattern at the start of each academic year and it has also recently been given permission to open its Sixth Form in September 2015. The school will be up to its full capacity of 1,232 pupils by 2019.
Lea Gilbert, headmistress, said, "We're extremely pleased with the progress our builders, Willmott Dixon, have made on our school in only 14 months. We have thoroughly enjoyed working with them as they cleverly transformed the buildings around us into remarkably bright and spacious learning environments. This ceremony allows us to acknowledge what a vital addition our new buildings will be to our facilities. As with everything about our brand new school, it is wonderful to see our collective vision becoming a reality and to take the time to celebrate our great achievement so far. Our Lower School extension, will provide much-needed places for children."


text:
London ballad chat
Share Thread
Subject: London ballad chat
From: Richard Mellish
Date: 04 Jan 13 - 06:34 PM
I'm posting this on behalf of Bob Askew.
Bob says:
Bob Askew: Chair.
A chance to sing (or play) a ballad, and talk about it with others. Or just come to listen and talk. The emphasis will be on the discussion e.g What you think the ballad is about, and what you like about it. We can also cover where the song came from and different versions etc.
Venue: the bar at Cecil Sharp House 7-9pm
Wednesdays: January 23rd, February 20th and March 20th 2013 .
The first two ballads are:
The HOUSE CARPENTER/DEMON LOVER
The TWO SISTERS.
This is a free monthly discussion. I aim to run it very informally with opportunity for everyone to chip in. The structure can be adjusted to suit all present. We will start with two Child ballads each time, and two participants can each choose a ballad for the following session. The ballads can be sung, but bringing a recording is an alternative. Professor Francis James Child's The English and Scottish Popular Ballads should be the main source, but we can also consider some similar ballads that Child left out.
I particularly enjoy hearing what people like about each ballad (what the ballad means personally to them). I feel that folk songs and ballads mean different things to different singers, and to different listeners; and that there is no right or wrong about this. Different opinions add to the glory of the song.
Participants can decide whether to do any preparation for the discussion. I would value the opinion of someone who is hearing the ballad for the first time as usefully as someone who has read and listened to everything that they can find. I tend to value listening above reading, but I am aware that the ballads can be complex, and that written texts can aid understanding. Texts to every Child ballad are available on the internet. Child, Bronson and others have written much interesting material about them for people who wish to read more.
It is a free session, but it would be nice to hear from you if you intend to come, so that I have a rough idea of numbers.
Bob Askew
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: doc.tom
Date: 05 Jan 13 - 06:30 AM
Great idea Bob. Good luck with it. Pity we're not in the Mighty Wen those nights. TomB
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: GUEST,Fred McCormick
Date: 05 Jan 13 - 08:02 AM
I'd love to get down to it but midweek.............
It happpens that the annual Broadside Day is being held on Feb 23rd at C# House and I will be down for that. Doubtless many other ballad lovers will be in town and just as frustrated as me.
I don't suppose there's a cat/snowball in hell's chance of getting that particular date moved closer to the broadside Day?
The best of luck with the venture anyway. I know from personal experience how much one's appreciation/understanding/enjoyment of balladry can be deepened by such discussions.
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: Richard from Liverpool
Date: 05 Jan 13 - 11:54 AM
This is an excellent idea. I'm rarely in London, but I would love to take part someday.
Actually, something I'd really love is a systematic series of meetings that goes through the Child ballad number by number, with different people chipping in different versions of that number ballad.
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: Richard Mellish
Date: 07 Jun 13 - 03:29 AM
The next Ballad Chat in the bar at "Cecil's place" (C# House) will be from 19:00 to 21:00 next Wednesday, 12th June, when we will hear and discuss some versions of The Bailiff's Daughter of Islington, Child 105, and Sir Hugh, Child 155.
I understand that the cafe will be closed because of lift installation work, so tea will probably not be available and you will need to bring the wherewithal to wet your weasands, or else wait till 8-ish when the bar should open. (The room is normally open all the time but not the bar.)
In previous months we have heard and discussed:
The Two Sisters
The Daemon Lover
Sir Hugh
The Farmer's Curst wife
The False Knight on the Road
The Cruel Mother
Captain Wedderburn's Courtship (with the discussion extending to some of the other riddle ballads)
Willie o Winsbury
Lord Randall
After this month's session there will be a break for the summer, but we are scheduled to start again on 25th September.
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: GUEST,Fred McCormick
Date: 07 Jun 13 - 05:26 AM
Bloody hell, wouldn't I just love to be in London on the appropriate night, so that I could participate. The trouble is I never am, because everything else happens on a weekend.
Tell you what. If I'm ever knighted for my services to Jennings Cumberland Ale, I'll arrange to get it done on a Wednesday.
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: Richard Mellish
Date: 11 Jun 13 - 11:40 AM
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: Matthew Edwards
Date: 11 Jun 13 - 11:56 AM
In the meantime, Fred, I hope you will come to the Belvedere in Liverpool this Thursday to deliver a repeat performance of 'Get Up and Bar the Door', unless you come to a sticky end beforehand!
I'd love to attend a Ballad Chat one day as well.
Cheers, Matthew
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: Richard from Liverpool
Date: 11 Jun 13 - 12:45 PM
Aha, which version of Get Up and Bar the Door is it? Alas, Fred will have to repeat it again when I'm next at the Belvedere...
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: GUEST,Fred McCormick
Date: 11 Jun 13 - 12:53 PM
Glad to report sticky ends are off the menu until after Thursday. Alright I'll make a point of singing it on ........... AAAAGGHHH!!!! Sorry, scrub that bit about sticky ends being off the menu.
Richard. I got it off a Ewan MacColl LP. Can't remember where he got it, but it's the standard Scottish version which is taught in the schools up there. That's a fact I didn't realise until I sang it in front of some Scots people one time and wondered why I was getting such funny looks.
Ask your dad. He'll know which one it is.
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: GUEST,keith price
Date: 11 Jun 13 - 01:44 PM
Who knows lads maybe a Northwest ballad chat one day.
Fred, I do the sassenach version John Blunt from Marrow Bones.
Might see you Thursday chaps.
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: Matthew Edwards
Date: 11 Jun 13 - 02:02 PM
I do hope you will join us on Thursday, Keith. While I don't want to hijack Richard Mellish's thread, I'd certainly like to start up a similar ballad forum either in Liverpool or somewhere in the English Northwest. I just have some qualms about approaching a venue manager to suggest a group discussing murder, rape, incest, paedophilia, terrorism never mind the talking parrots! However if anybody is interested in such a group either send me a PM, or join me at the Belvedere or the Lion this Thurday.
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: GUEST,Fred McCormick
Date: 12 Jun 13 - 12:11 PM
I'd be all for getting a ballad discussion group off the ground in Liverpool. How about those of us are interested try to get there early tomorrow?
Matthew, I wouldn't be too worried about telling the manager that we're discussing rape, murder etc. In all the best pubs in Liverpool they talk of little else. But imagine the look on his face if we told him we want to discuss the Queen of Elfland.
BTW., your request for Get Up and Bar The Door. Would this have anything to do with the geezer who tried to enter while the singing was going on, and then complained bitterly because I asked him to wait?
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: Matthew Edwards
Date: 12 Jun 13 - 01:59 PM
Ah! I've been rumbled! Yes, I was indeed attempting a sly reference to the Sellotape artist who had been drinking at the pub for the last 50 years, but who felt extremely upset by the request to wait outside the room until a song ended.
OK I'll try to get to the Belvedere for around 1:30ish.
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: Richard Mellish
Date: 18 Sep 13 - 03:02 AM
The ballad chats resume this coming Wednesday, 25th September, as before at 19:00 at Cecil Sharp House.
The two ballads to be sung and discussed this time will be The Wife of Ushers Well and The Cruel Brother. Sheila Miller has a 'fairly unusual' version of the Wife of Usher's Well, and Martin Nail has a version of The Cruel Brother collected in Cornwall in 1823.
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: Richard Mellish
Date: 09 Mar 14 - 12:40 PM
I've neglected to refresh this thread every time another ballad chat is coming up but I've remembered this time.
This coming Wednesday, 12th March:
Henry Martin/Andrew Barton Child 250/167
Sweet William's Ghost Child 77
19:00 in the bar at C# House as usual.
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: Steve Gardham
Date: 09 Mar 14 - 01:22 PM
If Wednesday nights in London are off your beaten track, as part of the Traditional Song Forum (TSF) Meeting in Sheffield 21st June the forum focus for about an hour will be Child and the Child Ballads, with the possibility of an evening ballad session run by Raymond Greenoaken. Fred and Matthew are already members so I assume you'll be there.
You don't have to be a member to attend sessions, but membership is only 8 quid a year anyway. About 4 meetings a year spread around the country.
I'd love to be at Bob's session but I've got train tickets booked for the next day. I know, bad planning!
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: Richard Mellish
Date: 01 Jul 14 - 03:30 AM
Tomorrow, Wednesday 2nd July, 19:00 at C# House as usual, most likely in Storrow but possibly in a different room, so check at Reception when you arrive.
The ballads that we will be singing and discussing this time will be
The Elfin Knight/Sing Ivy/Scarborough Fair CHILD 2
and The Golden Vanity CHILD 286
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: Richard Mellish
Date: 06 Sep 16 - 09:55 AM
We have wonderful discussions about folk songs here on Mudcat but we don't often get a chance to listen to them and then talk about them face to face. So a bit of good news is that Bob Askew's Ballad Chats at Cecil Sharp House start again this month. Dates arranged so far are 28th Sept, 2nd Nov and 14th Dec, 7-9pm. Usually we are in the Committee Room, but it can be elsewhere in the building, so enquire at the Reception desk. Newcomers are always welcome, to sing if they wish, and anyway to listen and join in the discussions.
This is a free session, and all are welcome, but it would be nice to hear from you if you intend to come, so that we have a rough idea of numbers. Contact: Bob Askew: email@example.com
See EFDSS Events List for details of next ballads.
These Chats are run very informally to encourage everyone to chip in. We discuss two ballads each evening; nearly always ones that are in Child's The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, but an "almost-Child" one such as Long A-Growing can slip in occasionally.
We normally start with one of us singing a version of the first ballad for that evening, then we discuss it for a bit, then someone else sings another version, or we may listen to a recording of a traditional or revival singer.
The chat is free ranging, but covers what we think the ballad is about, and what we like about it. We particularly enjoy hearing what the ballad means personally to us. Folk songs and ballads often mean different things to different singers, and to different listeners; and we state that there is no right or wrong about this. Different opinions add to the glory of the song. We can also talk about where the song came from, and different versions etc. Sometimes we speculate about the back story. We appreciate all opinions: from someone who is hearing the ballad for the first time and from someone who has read and listened to everything that they can find about it. We value listening above reading, but are aware that the ballads can be complex, and that written texts and comments can aid understanding. Texts to every Child ballad are available on the internet, and comments on the ballads are also available there. Child, Bronson and others have also written interesting material about them.
We take a short break before moving on to the second ballad.
At the end, having aired our views, we go away with our personal response to what has been said.
The choice of ballads for the following Chat is normally made from suggestions of those present.
Richard Mellish on behalf of Bob Askew firstname.lastname@example.com
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: GUEST,Anne Neilson
Date: 06 Sep 16 - 02:19 PM
Isn't it great that people are still intrigued by ballads?
Glasgow Ballad Workshop is still going strong after a good number of years -- slightly different format from yours in that we explore and teach a (less-well-known) ballad, maybe offering some alternative verses from other texts to make a more satisfactory version: but there's always plenty of discussion and we too stress that there is no one right way, just the hope of finding a pleasing end product.
And it's also reassuring that we have some young people in fairly regular attendance.
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: Richard Mellish
Date: 28 Sep 16 - 11:31 AM
Tonight we will be hearing and discussing
Dives and Lazerus CHILD 56 ROUD 477
(with some reference also to Come all you worthy Christians ROUD 815)
and Mary Hamilton CHILD 123 ROUD 79.
After tonight the next Ballad Chat won't be till December, as EFDSS now have no room for us on the intended date in November.
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: Richard Mellish
Date: 08 Dec 16 - 03:54 PM
There's another Ballad Chat next Wednesday, 14th December 2016, 7pm at Cecil Sharp House
The ballads this time are
Two Magicians / Hares on the Mountain Child 44 Roud 1350
Unfortunate Lass/Lad/Soldier/Sailor/Young Girl Cut Down in his/her Prime Roud 2
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: Richard Mellish
Date: 31 Jan 17 - 09:20 AM
Next one tomorrow, 1st March at C# House.
Format as usual.
Sir Patrick Spens, Child 58, ROUD 41:
I have a version that is work in progress, not perfectly ready for performance but near enough for Ballad Chat purposes. I may also do the Bob Coltman remake.
Young Edwin/Edward in the Lowlands Low, ROUD 182:
Clive Woolf has a version but has been poorly lately and may or may not be fit to come out.
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: Richard Mellish
Date: 04 Apr 17 - 08:17 AM
Next one tomorrow, 5th April at C# House, 19:00.
Format as usual.
Clive Woolf will sing a version of The Two Brothers, Child 49, Roud 48.
Our Ballad Chat boss, Bob Askew, will sing a version of Robin Hood and the Bishop of Hereford, Child 144, Roud 2338.
As well as these two particular ballads we will discuss Robin Hood ballads in general.
Subject: RE: London ballad chat
From: Richard Mellish
Date: 12 Sep 17 - 10:37 AM
The Ballad Chats start again next week, Wednesday 20th September, 19:00-21:00. This time we will be listening to and discussing
Sir Lionel and the Wild Boar / Bold Sir Rylas / Old Bangum (etc) Child 18, Roud 29
Lakes of Coolfin / Shilin Roud 189
After that there will be only one more Ballad Chat before the end of this year, on 25th October.
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text: Jen to Chelsea Handler: Shut Up About Angelina Aniston hates Angie drama, friends say By Evann Gastaldo, Newser Staff Posted Dec 8, 2010 9:20 AM CST 13 comments Comments Jennifer Aniston is none too happy with Chelsea Handler. (Getty Images) View 2 more images (Newser) – After Chelsea Handler called Angelina Jolie some very bad names, she made it clear that close friend Jennifer Aniston had nothing to do with the attack—but Jen is pissed anyway. "Jen has gone out of her way to keep her private feelings about that woman who stole her husband private and has always asked her friends to do the same," a source tells Popeater. "She is furious with Chelsea for bringing the whole situation back to life again." "Even so," says another friend, "she's happy Chelsea made it clear her rant had nothing to do with her and wishes she'd just keep her big mouth shut in the future." Click for more, and to see Handler's real reason for the anti-Angie rant. View 2 more images My Take on This Story Report a story error 76% Annoying 12% Hilarious 2% Intriguing 4% Depressing 5% Brilliant 2% Scary /story/256707/its-the-most-surprising-upset-in-college-basketball-history.html Taking you to another annoying story... TURNOFF Another annoying story: It's the 'Most Surprising Upset in College Basketball History'


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Engine developed by government oil company tested in Exora.
Proton pays RM63 million ($20.6 million) to acquire all engine technologies and knowledge developed by government-owned oil company Petronas since 1997. Proton Chairman Khamil Jamil says the Malaysian auto maker gets immediate ownership of a more powerful and fuel-efficient family of naturally aspirated and turbocharged 2.0L engines, as well as a 2.2L turbocharged version. The government's Bernama news agency reports Proton also receives seven engine technologies with 117 patents ...
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MELBOURNE, Aug 1 (Reuters) - Australian auto brakes manufacturer Pacifica Group Ltd agreed on Friday to buy Automotive Products Italia SpA from UK-based private equity investors AP Group Ltd for 37.5 million euros ($42 million). The Italian brakes maker, with annual sales of about 45 million euros, gives Pacifica a break into the European market in an effort to ease its dependence on sales to U.S. automakers. AP Brakes, which supplies drum brakes and park brakes to Fiat , Ford and Nissan ...
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One of NBC Universal's top distribution executives attended Mayor Annise Parker's second closed-door meeting Wednesday on Comcast SportsNet Houston distribution and said he thought the meeting with the mayor and officials with AT&T U-verse was productive.
Matt Bond, executive vice president of content for the company that owns a minority interest in the Astros-Rockets network, attended the session at City Hall with Rockets CEO Tad Brown and Margaret Barradas, managing director of Astros owner Jim Crane's Crane Capital Group. Details were not available on AT&T's representatives.
The hour-long meeting followed a similar session earlier this week with officials from cable carrier Suddenlink and was requested by the mayor in an effort to boost carriage discussions regarding CSN Houston.
"We're not asking anything unusual or out of the ordinary (from carriers)," Bond said. "These (regional sports networks) are powerful content. Houston is a great city with two great teams, and they deserve the carriage.
"They deserve to be seen."


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Linux Video Production: the State of the Art
Once imported, you'll need to edit your footage. Take heed: there's more to editing than simply setting clips in order. The editing process involves timing decisions and asset management (footage selection, logging and commenting). All these are essential if you want to have a workable setup and tell a coherent story. There's nothing worse than being caught in the middle of a project and not being able to find that one particular shot that'll make or break the scene. Your footage organization (which can be as simple as a well-ordered directory structure) should be obvious, scalable and flexible. It'll need to grow with you, so put a bit of thought into how you want it set up at the outset.
The choice of editor is going to be determined both by the format of the footage you're working with, and by the way you structure your work. Stability, performance, interface and interoperability all need to be weighed.
At the time of this writing, the Linux editing field is in a state of dramatic upheaval, caused in no small part by Google's Summer of Code. By funding the FFmpeg/Blender integration project and the gstreamer-based Diva, they've put major cracks in a dam already fixing to burst. By the time of publication or soon thereafter, there should be five viable FLOSS choices for editing platforms: Kino, Cuisine, Cinelerra, Diva and Blender (Table 1). Of course, if you're really wanting a commercial solution for less than $2,500 US/seat, there is always MainActor, a program that amazes all who use it with its continued success as the Ford Edsel of video editors.
At the time of this writing, Diva looks promising, but isn't releasing proper packages yet; Blender is in the midst of a major development cycle to bring its editor up to par; Cinelerra is incredibly full-featured but barely usable, due to serious interface design and stability problems (any program that proudly lists, in its version 2.0 changelog, "Fewer lockups when resizing video window" does not make it into my toolbox).
In our imaginary Alien Wedding Guest project, we're going to need some fairly sophisticated CGI: a spaceship hovering in the background and an alien being of some sort sitting in the audience or standing off to one side seems a bare minimum. Constructing these objects in 3-D space (modeling), adding color and bumps (texturing), animating their movement, and rendering out a finished video for blending with the original wedding footage covers the basic 3-D pipeline, as can be seen in our initial flowchart.
There are a variety of FLOSS 3-D programs available for Linux, most of them highly capable, and most of them require a good amount of scripting to get working in a pipeline. One program stands out far and away from the pack in features, interoperability and usability: Blender.
Where programs like POV-Ray are essentially renderers that depend on scripts or external programs for their grist, Blender is an end-to-end 3-D solution that plays nicely with a variety of renderers and file formats. In terms of capabilities, Blender aims to be an open-source Maya, and in the last 18 months, it has made amazing strides to that end with no sign of slowing down.
One of its most significant assets is its user base. Among the video and graphics applications available for Linux, it stands alone—far beyond even The GIMP—in the energy and vitality of its community. Tutorials and helpful forums abound, making its professionally oriented interface quickly accessible for all the basic tasks involved in small projects.
The GIMP also plays an indispensable role in the 3-D process as a texture creation system. Creating bump, reflection, specular and dirt maps from photos or painting texture layers from whole cloth, there isn't anything on Linux that even comes close in terms of versatility and raw power. What's more, by the time this article is published, GIMP modifications should update Blender textures in real time.
Motion tracking is matching the movement of computer-generated elements to your real-world footage. It's also used for stabilizing shaky handheld video. A number of motion trackers have come and gone for Linux, and until an open-source solution is developed, this will likely remain the case, as university research projects are bought up by commercial interests for development and sale to movie studios. At the moment, the best and only player on the field is Voodoo, put out by Digilab at the University of Hanover. It has the added advantage of outputting tracking data to a Blender-readable script. In practice, the export leaves a lot to be desired, but fortunately Ian Gowen has written a conversion utility that translates Voodoo's clumsy export into a very clean script for Blender (www.blenderwars.com/downloads/voodoo_convert.py).
Voodoo is not a perfect solution; it seems particularly to confuse slow zooms and slow rotation, but despite its minor defects, it's still a capable little program that's fairly well documented and licensed for free use by all. I don't doubt that sometime in the future it will be commercialized, but until then we have it to do with as we please (alas, we cannot have the source code).
A new actor on the stage...
The readers may also have a look at Kdenlive a fresh MLT based video editor for KDE which is so easy to use and fast...
Your review is incomplete - you don't even mention LiVES: http://lives.sourceforge.net
Thanks for a great article. I've been trying to ditch windows for quite a while now, but the big stumbling block has been video editing. The first program I tried was Kino, but due to a lack of tutorials and a confusing interface I lost interest. Next came Cinelerra, I had a lot more luck with this program, but the final render left a lot to be desired. The program I'm trying at the moment is Lives, this seems to convert all my clips to image sequences and as a result is very slow. All I need is a program that joins all the video clips together and is capable of putting a simple fade between them.
Quick fact check...
Actually...and speaking as a filmmaker here...Linux is a valuable part of the workflow in movie production, but its not the only OS (or even the primary OS in a lot of cases) floating around independent and Hollywood movie studios. Linux is best used in render farms, as it is a cheap and reliable means of pulling together a lot of processing horsepower to deal with the massive amount of data behind the thousand of frames in every film. But, your introduction is still a little misleading.
That said, thanks for the great breakdown of the movie editing software available for Linux. Personally, I think Kino has the brightest future for home users, and I sincerely hope it finds its way to other platforms. A Quartz version of Kino on OS X with an improved interface and Quicktime and CoreAudio under the hood would be sweet. (And, no, Quicktime for Linux is not the same.)
adding sound to mpegs
Great article, but somehow you managed to not answer the one question I've had on the subject for over a year.
My six-year-old and I have had great fun making stop-action movies using mpeg2encode and the Gimp ('convert *.jpg movie.mpeg'), but I've never been able to find a free way to add sound to the resulting mpeg.
You explicitly skipped talking about the audio pipeline part, and I haven't seen Dave Philips answer that particular question yet. Do you know of a simple (and command-line?) way to add sound to an mpeg video?
Asuming you got a sound file
Asuming you got a sound file in proper format (that is mpeg2 or ac3) you need use mplex. To editing sound you can use audiacity, encoding to mpeg or ac3: ffmpeg


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Why are you called a 'Group'?
The Otobos Group is a small business with a number of part-time staff. If you hire us for your business writing requirements, you'll get me, Elizabeth Harrin. If I need to, I draw on other writers, press experts and proof readers. I chose the name as I have grand plans for the company and I hope one day it will be a group in the true sense. In the meantime, the name reflects the group of services on offer: writing, editing, proof reading, and writing consultancy and support for people working on their own projects.
What does Otobos mean?
Otobos stands for On Time, On Budget, On Scope. It's a project management term, but it works equally well in this setting: we aim for all our client writing projects, whether regular or one-off, to be delivered OTOBOS. Oh, and high quality too, but you can't pronounce Otobosoq.
What are your rates?
What do you want us to do? It's hard to provide set prices when every project I work on is individual. Rates range from under $100 for simple press releases, and rise depending on the length of the project and the work involved. Get in touch and we'll talk about it. You'll always get a proposal in advance of incurring any costs and you'll always know what you're signing up for.


text: Andrea Gilbert's Color Zone Maze Sorry--there's no maze here because the maze is a Java program and your browser is not "Java enabled." Unless your browser is really old, it's probably capable of running Java. What you have to do is look through all those menus on your browser until you find a box that says "Enable Java." Use the cursor keys to move the block. The goal is to get the block upright on the square marked . Back to the rules of the maze Back to the home page


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some spells call for you to burn a piece of paper or other item in a fire or candle flame. What if you don't have candles or a means of creating a fire. I'd bury the item in the ground, but right now the ground is still frozen so would ripping the item up and either throwing it in the garbage or ripping it up and flushing it work too?
spell casting question


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Admins: Reset Office 365 business passwords
Last updated 12 January, 2018
Let users reset their own passwords
We strongly recommend that you set up self-service password reset. This way you don't have to manually reset passwords for your users. To learn how, see Let users reset their own passwords in Office 365.
Reset an Office 365 business password for someone else
These steps are only for people using an Office 365 business plan. To do them, you need to sign in with your Office 365 admin account. What's an Office 365 admin account?
Go to the Office 365 admin center.
Go to the Office 365 admin center.
Go to Users > Active users.
Select your users.
Click Reset password.
Follow text on page.
Forgot your Office 365 admin username or password?
Forgot username? Call Microsoft Support.
Forgot password? Here are your options:
If self-service reset is enabled for your business, you can use that to reset your Office 365 admin password (this doesn't reset your computer password). Click the button below.
Contact another admin in your organization to reset the password for you.
Reset all Office 365 business passwords for everyone in your organization at the same time
These steps work for a business with tens of users. If you have hundreds or thousands of users, see the next section on resetting passwords in bulk.
In the Office 365 admin center, go to Users > Active users.
Choose the box at top to select everyone in your business. Then unselect yourself. You can't reset your own password at the same time you reset everyone else's password.
On the right side of page, choose Reset passwords.
Follow text on rest of page.
Reset Office 365 business passwords in bulk
Use PowerShell! Check out this post by Eyal Doron: Managing passwords with PowerShell.
Here's a related article: Set the passwords for multiple user accounts.
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Force a password change for all users in your business
Check out this great blog post by Vasil Michev, Microsoft MVP: Force password change for all users in Office 365.
I'm lost!
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Set the password expiration policy for your organization
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We are very happy to announce that the third edition of the Warsaw Medical Physics Meeting is coming soon. It will take place on 14th - 16th May 2015 in Warsaw but we already want to invite you to register to our conference.
The abstract submission starts in the middle of December and it will last until the end of the January. More info can be found here.
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FREE WI CDL Passenger Vehicles Marathon 2018
Wisconsin CDL Passenger Vehicles Test Fact Sheet:
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Need a final study-spree? This Wisconsin CDL Passenger Vehicles Marathon is a massive study tool that contains a compilation of all 81 questions that we have available for this WI endorsement. If you select a wrong answer, we'll remember that question and will display it to you again at the very end of the Marathon until you've answered that question correctly. In other words, the Marathon will cycle through your missed questions until you answer each one correctly. You must make a 100% to pass. As you work your way through the Marathon, you'll discover that unlike the other Wisconsin CDL practice tests there are no explanations and no hints here. We suggest you attempt this one after you have practiced the state's "regular" tests, but before the "Exam". Delivers some serious studying power! Do your best to complete this mega test!
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(This is a column where I review movies that I have never seen, but SHOULD have. Being a film Geek, I have seen a ton of films. But life is also very short, and for one reason or another, there are quite a few flicks that I have never got to. Sure, it probably doesn't matter if I ever see a movie like PARENTAL GUIDANCE, but a movie like LAWRENCE OF ARABIA…. well, I should have seen that already. I'm a film geek for God's sake! I have now decided that I should get on that before I get too old. I have compiled a list of films that I WANT or NEED to watch, and am going to start watching them when I have spare time. So I will randomly be posting reviews of movies that I have always wanted or needed to see. Enjoy!)
Bob Hope is considered one of the greatest comic actors of all time. He has starred in over 50 motion pictures……. and I haven't seen ONE of them. I mean, I've seen some of his specials on televsion and of course his cameo in THE MUPPET MOVIE, but I've never actually seen anything that he's "starred" in. I just came to realize this a few months ago, and once I found that out, I immediately made it a point to watch one of movies as soon as I could. Now, most people would consider his "Road" movies with Bing Crosby his best, but I actually wanted to start with something with just him as the main protagonist. So this is what I came up with.
The story opens with a young woman named Mary who inherits a creepy old castle in Cuba. Even though she has some shady advisers telling her not to go (not to mention her receiving threatening notes), she plans on traveling to the castle to claim her inheritance. Meanwhile, a radio announcer named Larry L. Lawrence (Hope) says some nasty things about a mob boss on the air, so he is summoned by him to a hotel so they can "talk". Some shooting happens and Larry thinks he shot a man (though he didn't) and walks into a random hotel room, which happens to be Mary's. Larry hides in her trunk, and before you know it, he is on a boat with her to Cuba. Also along for the ride is Larry's man-servant Alex. While on the way to Cuba, Larry learns that Mary's life is in danger, and decides to help her. They meet some strange characters and get involved in all sorts of shenanigans involving ghosts and zombies, plus confronting the very person who is trying to kill Mary.
The plot is definitely needlessly complicated for a lighthearted romp such as this. For some reason, Hollywood (even back then) has always felt the need to overload their comedies with pointless exposition. But I'm getting ahead of myself.
So, for this being my first Bob Hope movie… what did I think of him? Well, I think he's pretty funny. I love his one-liners. It takes about 10 minutes for him to appear, but when he does he's an immediate likable presence. He demonstrates natural comic timing that is hard to come by. One of my favorite lines in the movie is when someone is explaining what a zombie is: "They are lifeless, brainless, and don't care about anything", to which Hope replies: "You mean like Democrats". Now, I am a liberal, but dude, that's fuckin' funny. The way that line (and many other lines) is delivered is priceless.
The production has a real polished look. Since its a horror/comedy, it definitely has more of a darker look. In fact, many images reminded me of some of Universal's monster films. The movie opens with some spooky titles too, which really set the mood. The first half is lighthearted fun. The pacing was fast, and the comedy was fun. All the stuff with the mob was good and I enjoyed most of the scenes aboard the boat. But then, around the halfway point, the movie slowly looses steam. The jokes take longer to appear as the plot ends up taking over the movie. To be honest, when I sit down to watch a Bob Hope movie, I'm not there for the story. I could care less who killed who and all that. I just want to see pratfalls and hear some funny one-liners. That stuff is there, but it's just not as often in the second portion. Instead, we get a bunch of scenes of Hope walking slowly through dark hallways holding a flashlight. One of the things I find the most boring about horror movies is people walking slowly through dark corridors. I realized the intention is to be creepy and scary, but to me it's a bore. So, with this movie, I found out that even back in 1940, that kind of thing was still boring.
But there is still some funny things here. I did let out a few sudden loud laughs here and there. Hope does deliver some choice zingers. Paulette Goddard plays Mary and has that same likable presence she displayed in Charlie Chaplin's THE GREAT DICTATOR. A very young-looking Anthony Quinn also appears as a mysterious character. But for me, the actor that steals the show is Willie Best as Alex, the black man-servant. Now, I'm sure many will find his character an offensive stereotype. And I can't argue that he doesn't fit into a stereotype, but to completely right off his performance would be a crime. Even though he does his bug-eyed expressions and talks about fried chicken, his comic timing is undeniably brilliant. I love how he mumbles after Hope gives him an order. Also, he isn't just merely in the background. He almost has an equal amount of screen time as Hope, as he is pretty much a full fledged sidekick. As a performer, he seemed to be treated like an equal.
Like I said, the movie looks great. Unfortunately, the script relies too much on plot. After a nicely paced first half, I found myself impatiently waiting for the next gag in the second half. It's too bad, because Hope is definitely a funny dude. I could compare this to the films of W.C. Fields (or at least the couple that I've seen). In those films, this film and even some Abbott & Costello films, the plot always gets in the way of the comedy. That's why I've always preferred the comedies of Laurel & Hardy and The Marx Bros. Sure, their films have a plot, but they use the framing device to their advantage, sometimes poking fun at story conventions. And the jokes are always first. They never let the plot dominate their films. Now, I haven't seen any of Hope's other films, so I'm not sure if they're all like this one. I sure hope not,sot I will definitely be checking a few more out because I think he's talented.
It may sound like I'm being too harsh, or that I just didn't like the film. Well, I didn't hate it. In fact, I laughed out loud on occasion. Hope is a great performer and Willie Best is a hoot, stealing every scene he appears in. But everything positive in the film can't save it from an overload of unwanted exposition. The second half drags as it follows every horror cliché in the book (instead of mocking them). In fact, the movie felt a lot longer than its 84 minutes because of how slow the second half goes. People that aren't too picky will probably have mildly swell time with this one, but I just can't bring myself to fully recommend it. If it focused more on the comedy instead of a generic horror plot, then this definitely would have been a fresher comedy. Instead, it's just a mediocre movie that just so happens to have a few funny gags in it. . ★★½ (out of ★★★★)
– Not rated but contains some mild violence and frightening images. Would probably get a PG today.
– Running time: 1hr 24min.
(THE GHOST BREAKERS is available to rent on DVD from Netflix)
Categories: Austin Kennedy, DVD/Blu-ray Reviews, Movies I Need To See Before I Die, Reviews


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Creative Winter Photography
- by Peter Olexa
- December 19th, 2011
Guys, in couple of days, we'll be all sitting next to a Christmas tree unwrapping our presents .) … that's pretty much a sure thing. We are still kind of uncertain though if we'll have snow … which adds that special something to the upcoming holidays. Well, as we do not have snow up here …Continue reading …


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Another year on the clock!
Hello! It's been my birthday since my last blog… another year on the clock and another year closer
Hello! It's been my birthday since my last blog… another year on the clock and another year closer
The first few days of January have always been a bit packed with family birthdays, but it just got even
Hi all,It's been a busy week as we celebrated our twins 16th birthdays and as I've blogged before
First can I say 'owwwww! Argh… eeek… Ouch, ow, ow, owwwww!' NEVER have I ached as
Thanks very much for all the birthday good wishes… you're very kind. I hadn't intended
Just a quickie this week (well for me that's probably still a longie!) including an update on how
Hi there, Hope you are well, and as this is the first blog of 2011 (naughty me!), a belated Happy New
I'm still tittering after taking on board some of your very interesting suggestions as to keeping
Thanks so much for all your suggestions about the Heroes and Villains – keep them coming please!
It was my partner Chris's birthday on August 30th, and as he turned 55 I keep reminding him that


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The West Florida Public Library system got a Band-Aid yesterday for fiscal year 2013. Now the city of Pensacola and Escambia County must figure out a long term funding solution for the system.
"We still have a lot of homework to do on it," City Administrator Bill Reynolds told the Pensacola City Council during yesterday's special Committee of the Whole meeting.
The library system is jointly funded by the city and the county. Following the Escambia County Commission's decision to decrease its funding contribution, the city—which manages the system—decided to cut hours and other expenditures, which led the county to further reduce funding so that it could redirect the money to restore hours at county branches. After some tense communique between Reynolds and former county administrator Randy Oliver, the city and county are now working together to find an arrangement that suits both entities.
Last week, the city was able to find $355,000 in its budget to put towards the library system this year, which will get the libraries back up to 87 percent of their normal operation. Reynolds and Mayor Ashton Hayward also met with incoming county commission chairman Gene Valentino this week, with both parties deciding to pursue an MSTU—a dedicated tax to fund the library system.
"There seems to be a lot of agreement that this was a workable solution," Reynolds said. "This buys us a year—a year in which we can look at the the long term solution."
Because a county MSTU would not apply within city limits, Reynolds requested that the city council look at the issue. The council unanimously decided to slate a discussion for its Nov. 13 COW meeting.
Reynolds also told council that perhaps Escambia County—"the organization that has the most skin in the game, if you will"—might be the appropriate entity to oversee the library system. He also said that officials should look at an arrangement that places managerial responsibility with the library system's board of trustees.
Also during yesterday's COW meeting, the council decided to continue moving forward with plans to relocate the westside library—currently located in a Cervantes Street strip mall—to the new community center at Legion Field. Some residents have expressed concerns about the new facility's location, contending that neighborhood children could not safely walk to the new library.
Describing the process of building the community center as one that "began many, many moons ago," Reynolds implored council not to ditch the library's inclusion. The council is slated to soon approve construction of the facility.
"You can put the brakes on this," Reynolds told them, "at a significant cost to this organization."
Councilman Larry B. Johnson wondered if the city could construct the community center as currently designed, without relocating the library to the building.
"Where does that leave us?" Johnson asked.
"Well, that leaves you with a large hole in your building," Reynolds said.
Councilwoman Sherri Myers, who originally voted against relocating the westside library, said that she would like to see the citizens' safety concerns addressed. She suggested installing a traffic signal on Cervantes, along with improving sidewalks en route to the new library. Reynolds referred to those concerns as "certainly something staff can take a look at."
While they stressed to citizens at yesterday's meeting that they sympathized with their concerns, council members decided to continue with the relocation plans.
"This train has left the station," Johnson said. "We're talking about breaking ground in two months."
Some westside residents present at the meeting told council that they had voiced concerns throughout the planning process to no avail. Others said the city should have made more effort to inform and include residents that will be impacted by the relocation.
"The train had left, but we didn't know anything about it," Rev. Jerry Hunter told the council.