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January/March 2013, Volume :24 Number 1 , page 38 - 58 [Free]
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Objective: Review the literature to identify the most effective method of oral hygiene to reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the most common nosocomial infection in patients being treated with mechanical ventilation.
Method: This study is a systematic literature review. The databases searched included Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Ovid, and MEDLINE.
Results: Implementation of oral care protocols and nurse education programs reduced VAP. Although chlorhexidine was the most popular oral care product, no consensus emerged on concentration or protocols for oral care.
Conclusion: No consensus on best practice for oral hygiene in patients being treated with mechanical ventilation was found. Chlorhexidine was the most popular oral care product. Implementation of an oral care protocol, ongoing nurse education, and evaluation were important in reducing the incidence of VAP. Future research should analyze chlorhexidine concentration, application techniques, and frequency of oral care, to optimize VAP prevention.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common cause of nosocomial infection in the intensive care setting and is responsible for increased length of treatment with mechanical ventilation, hospital length of stay, and mortality rate.1-4 Many factors influence the incidence of VAP in critically ill patients. In response to the need to reduce the incidence of VAP, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention5 developed a VAP bundle, which consisted of elevation of the head of the bed to 30[degrees] to 45[degrees], standard infection-control precautions, management of respiratory equipment, prevention of aspiration, oral hygiene, and education of staff.6
The incidence of VAP in Australian intensive care units (ICUs) has been estimated at 6.2 per 1000 days of treatment with mechanical ventilation.2 In the United States, VAP costs the health care system $2 billion per year, with a single incidence of VAP costing approximately $30 000 to $40 000.7,8 Currently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that an oral care program be implemented to help reduce the risk of VAP.5
Effective oral hygiene has been linked to a decreased incidence of VAP.6,9-11 Currently, minimal literature is available related to best practice for oral hygiene in patients being treated with mechanical ventilation. Despite many recent reviews related to VAP,12-16 no reviews address the specific clinical issue of infection control with oral hygiene or emphasize a preventative nonantibiotic approach to reduce the incidence of VAP. The World Health Organization advocated on World Health Day 2011 for the rational use of antibiotics, as a result of increasing microbial resistance, thus emphasizing the need for prioritizing infection control in clinical practice, rather than antibiotic administration. This recommendation includes best practice oral hygiene in the prevention of VAP.17
Although the importance of all of these measures is recognized, this article focuses solely on oral care and the education of nurses about oral care in patients being treated with mechanical ventilation. This literature review explores the most effective infection-control oral hygiene practices to reduce the incidence of VAP in patients being treated with mechanical ventilation in the intensive care setting.
Pneumonia is caused by infiltration of microbial agents in the lung parenchyma, causing inflammation.18Ventilator-associated pneumonia is defined as pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after intubation.2 Colonization of dental plaque by gram-negative bacteria is an important contributor to the oropharyngeal bacterial pool in patients who are sedated and patients who are being treated with mechanical ventilation.19 This type of colonization has been attributed to a reduction of salivary flow, infrequent swallowing, and lack of natural movements of the tongue and mouth.19 In addition, failure to clean the oral cavity and oropharynx and brush the teeth results in biofilm, dental plaque formation, and the increased colonization and growth of pathogenic organisms.11,19-25
Treatment with mechanical ventilation is lifesaving. However, when the epiglottis is bypassed by an endotracheal tube, the body's natural defense mechanism against descending pathogens entering into the respiratory tract from the oropharynx is impaired,2 which makes patients receiving ventilator support more susceptible to nosocomial airway infections. Oral hygiene has been identified as one important weapon in the defense against VAP.6,10
Intubated patients are at 6 to 21 times higher risk of VAP than patients who are ventilated noninvasively.2,3 In many cases, more than 1 pathogen causes the pneumonia.1,3,19 The risk of VAP also increases 1% to 3% every day that the patient receives treatment with mechanical ventilation.1,3 Because of the critical nature of intensive care patients, they are frequently immunocompromised and thus are at more risk of infections.2,4
As VAP can affect 10% to 48% of all patients being treated with mechanical ventilation, an understanding of the factors that contribute to its prevention is essential.1 These factors include patient positioning, endotracheal suctioning, sedation management, and peptic ulcer prophylaxis, and these factors should be considered in conjunction with oral care.6,26-29 However, for the purpose of this literature review, we focus on oral hygiene practices and its contribution to VAP.
Clinicians need to review nursing practices around oral care, including oral care product selection, method of application, and compliance with oral care protocols.2,3,7 Compliance with some of the preventative techniques to help reduce VAP rates has been reported as being low in some ICUs.1,24,30,31 Ross and Crumpler32 identified that oral care has been poorly understood by some nurses and was seen as a "comfort measure" and not as a method of preventing VAP. They surmised that this lack of understanding was responsible for poor compliance by nursing staff to oral hygiene protocols.32,33
A systematic review of the literature was conducted. This type of review is considered particularly useful for cause-and-effect analysis of literature and is considered to minimize the potential for bias.34
A comprehensive search of databases was performed to identify research pertaining to oral hygiene and the incidence of VAP. The following databases were searched for relevant literature using key words: Web of Science (ISI), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Ovid nursing database, MEDLINE database, and Google scholar. Key words used included oral care, mouth care, oral hygiene, intensive care, critical care, ventilator, pneumonia, and ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Inclusion criteria for articles in this literature review were the following:
* Primary research articles conducted from 1996 to 2011 as outlined by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Hierarchy of evidence guidelines.
* Conducted in an intensive care/acute care/critical care setting.
* Focused on the effect of oral care, including oral hygiene products and protocols on VAP.
* Written in English, with research participants who were older than 18 years.
Of the 391 articles retrieved, 26 articles were retained and analyzed. Articles included 8 randomized controlled trials, 1 quasi-randomized controlled trial, 5 observational cohort studies, 7 intervention cohort studies, 2 meta-analyses, and 3 survey studies. These studies were conducted in multinational centers.
The literature review guidelines used to critique the chosen articles were taken from Schneider, Letts et al, and Law et al.34-37 These guidelines for critical review of literature were chosen as they were developed and tested by university scholars and deemed to be the most appropriate tools for this review.
Using the NHMRC, the Australian national research levels of evidence hierarchy, the classification of research in the chosen articles was evaluated.38 The hierarchy of evidence was developed by the Australian NHMRC to assist researchers in categorizing the type and quality of the research for analysis.38 All studies were analyzed for their strengths and weaknesses and graded against the NHMRC evidence hierarchy38 (see Table 1).
Results from the studies were difficult to compare, as the research methodologies, interventions administered, and protocols analyzed were different in each study. Studies generally implemented multiple interventions such as applying a revised or new oral care protocol, following the ventilator bundle,39 implementing an education program and performing oral care, and using a specific product and application method. The use of various interventions made isolating the effects of individual interventions difficult to assess.
The 4 main themes identified (Table 2) from the analysis of the literature were as follows:
1. Oral care protocols
2. Oral care products and application
3. Assessment of nurses' oral hygiene practices
4. Nurse education and training
Findings from each of these themes are discussed in the sections that follow.
Numerous studies created new assessment and oral hygiene protocols to reduce the incidence of VAP.11,21,23,25,32,33,40-43 In other studies, existing oral care protocols were adapted to reduce high levels of VAP. The clinicians in the study changed documentation, assessments, and methods of oral care.25,32,44-46 Several studies observed current protocols to understand the practices surrounding oral health in Malaysia, the United States, and England.33,47,48 Having a protocol in place was reported to increase the quality of oral hygiene and decrease VAP rates. However, many studies did not outline the content of their oral hygiene protocols.11,21,23,32,42,43,45,46,49-55
In several studies, a multidisciplinary protocol was created that prescribed the frequency and method of oral care to reduce the incidence of VAP.42,49,56 To increase compliance, Cutler and Davis49 implemented a 24-hour oral care kit instituted at the bedside, with ongoing assessment and training of oral care practices provided; they found that without oral care protocols, oral care was undertaken infrequently, and important steps were omitted.49
A national survey by Kearns et al51 researched current oral care practices in 24 Scottish ICUs. Eighty-eight percent of the ICUs undertook oral care assessments, but only 29% had current oral care protocols, indicating a lack of protocol-based oral care.51 Similarly, Soh et al47 undertook a survey of Malaysian hospitals to determine the oral care practices within Malaysian ICUs and the nurses' attitudes toward oral hygiene. Although nurses had a positive attitude toward oral care, there was little consensus on oral hygiene practices, and the nurses did not adhere to evidence-based practice because they did not use toothbrushes.
Products used for oral care varied and included petroleum jelly, sodium chloride, povidone-iodine, and chlorhexidine, with chlorhexidine being the product of choice to reduce VAP in patients being treated with mechanical ventilation (Table 2).9,20,22,23,25,40,43,44,46,50,52,53,55
Various methods are available to perform oral hygiene, with very little consensus among oral hygiene protocols.9,20 DeRiso et al11 used a 0.12% chlorhexidine oral rinse in their original study on oral hygiene, with an improvement in their VAP rates. Hutchins et al50 used 0.12% chlorhexidine, applied with a suction toothbrush every 4 hours, and cleansed the oral cavity with hydrogen peroxide-soaked suction swabs. An immediate improvement was reported in oral hygiene practices on implementation of the protocol, with VAP rates decreasing by 89% over 3 years.50
Munro et al53 compared 4 oral care application methods and products. One group received an oral swab soaked with 0.12% chlorhexidine twice a day, another used a toothbrush alone 3 times a day, the third group had a combination of tooth brushing 3 times a day and chlorhexidine swabs every 12 hours, and the control group received the established unspecified, oral care practice of the studied unit. The use of chlorhexidine swabbing reduced VAP, but the study articulated that using a toothbrush and chlorhexidine was no more beneficial than chlorhexidine swabbing alone.53
Pobo et al46 compared standard oral care with standard care with the addition of an electric toothbrush. Standard care included oral cavity suctioning, gauze soaked in 0.12% chlorhexidine applied to oral cavity surfaces with 0.12% chlorhexidine injected into the mouth and aspirated after 30 seconds every 8 hours. Similar to Munro et al,53 Pobo et al46 found that electric tooth brushing in addition to standard care did not significantly affect VAP rates and did not affect the inception of VAP. The study was discontinued as a result of a lack of statistically significant results.46
Sona et al43 implemented a protocol of brushing with 0.7% sodium monoflurophosphate paste onto the patient's teeth, rinsing with water, and suctioning every 12 hours. A foam sponge was used to apply 0.12% chlorhexidine, and the incidence of VAP was reduced.43
Grap et al44 used one 5 mL dose of 0.12% chlorhexidine to all areas of the oral cavity for their intervention. The control group received standard oral care but did not receive chlorhexidine. These authors found that the single dose of chlorhexidine reduced the incidence of VAP; VAP developed in 55% of control patients by 48 to 72 hours, compared with 33.3% in the intervention group.44
Genuit et al25 added 0.12% chlorhexidine to their weaning protocol and found an immediate reduction and delay in the incidence of VAP.
Berry et al40 studied 3 different groups. The control group received oral care with water every 2 hours.40 The second group received sodium bicarbonate every 2 hours, and the last group had twice-daily irrigations with 0.2% chlorhexidine oral rinse and irrigations with sterile water every 2 hours.40 No difference was found between the intervention groups, with a VAP rate of 5%; however, the control group had a VAP rate of 1%.40
Fourrier et al22,23 found that decontamination with 0.2% chlorhexidine 3 times a day reduces oral contamination and therefore may reduce the incidence of VAP. However, the later study showed that this protocol was insufficient to reduce the incidence of respiratory tract infections with multiresistant bacteria.23
Koeman et al52 compared 3 different oral care groups. The treatments in the 3 groups included 2% chlorhexidine in petroleum jelly, 2% chlorhexidine, and 2% colistin in petroleum jelly, and the placebo group received only petroleum jelly. All gels were applied digitally every 6 hours.52 The combination of chlorhexidine and colistin significantly reduced both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, whereas chlorhexidine alone mainly affected gram-positive microorganisms.52
Tantipong et al55 studied a protocol that included oral suctioning, brushing the teeth, and rubbing 2% chlorhexidine on the oropharyngeal mucosa 4 times a day. The control group received the same care but used saline rather than chlorhexidine.55 Chlorhexidine was superior to sodium chloride in reducing VAP.55
Mori et al42 used a completely different product. The control group received no oral care, and the intervention group received oral care using 20-fold diluted povidone-iodine swabs, brushing with weakly acidic water, and repeated swabbing with povidone-iodine every 8 hours.42 Ventilator-associated pneumonia rates dropped significantly when oral care was provided.42
No agreement was found among these studies on oral hygiene practices. The method of oral care application and product selection were not consistent.9,20,43,50,52,53 However, chlorhexidine was considered the cleansing solution of choice.9 Inconsistency was reported in the frequency of oral care recommended, and inconclusive information was available on the effect of tooth brushing, whether it be manual or electric, on VAP rates.42,43,50,52,53
The importance of assessing nursing oral hygiene practices was highlighted, as oral care protocols were not sufficient alone to reduce VAP rates.32,43 Nurses were observed while performing oral care on patients being treated with mechanical ventilation and received direct feedback on their performance after completing the task.32 Compliance with oral hygiene regimens was augmented when accompanied with this recurrent assessment of nursing practice. Assessment, in conjunction with education, was found to continuously raise the profile of the importance of oral hygiene in regard to reducing VAP (46% reduction in VAP rates). Sona et al43 documented a 100% compliance rate when nurses were being assessed and audited.
Two studies discussed the significance of testing the competency of nursing staff after education had taken place.45,50 Assessment of the nurses' knowledge of the implemented protocol improved the compliance of oral care by 80%, which in turn decreased the VAP rates by 33%.45
Staff members participating in the study by Sona et al43 were required to undertake annual oral care competency tasks, and all new staff employed had to receive oral care education, which maintained compliance with oral hygiene protocols and maintained the reduction in the incidence of VAP.
Numerous studies discussed the importance of education for nurses in reducing VAP rates.21,23,24,30,31,40,45,48-50,52 A multifaceted approach to education was found to enhance learning, including visual posters, pictorials, education sessions, in-service training, and encouragement of self-learning.32,40,43,45
Education reinforced the oral hygiene protocols, products required, and the physiological knowledge behind oral hygiene. Through evidence-based education programs, Ross and Crumpler32 supported the perception that oral care was essential in preventing VAP, which reinforced the importance of oral hygiene as a powerful tool against VAP and not just a comfort measure.21,24,32,40,46,52
Keeping educators constant ensured that consistent education was provided to all nurses. After comparing results from the preeducation phase where no oral care was undertaken with those from the posteducation phase, Cutler and Davis49 found that all aspects of oral care increased after the education intervention. With regular education and guidance, oral care remained consistent.32,42
Despite the implementation of a creative, structured education program, Bingham et al30 found that their compliance with mouth care protocols did not improve. The failure to achieve compliance may have been influenced by a complicated, time-intensive protocol, in a time-challenged environment, with a high turnover of nursing staff, supervisors, and leadership, making sustained change difficult.30
Hutchins et al50 was the only study that reeducated their nurses a year after the original education intervention, when VAP rates were seen to be on the increase again. This reeducation improved the method of providing oral care to patients and again decreased the VAP rates.50
Despite the introduction of oral hygiene education, many nurses believed that they required further training to improve oral care practices. These studies highlighted that most training and education nurses received in oral care were not formal, but through on-the-job training.31,51,54
Preventing VAP through oral care is essential to avoid the development and spread of antibiotic and multidrug-resistant pathogens.1,10,17,57 Research has highlighted that oral care is an important intervention in the reduction of VAP.27,50,52,55 Implementation of oral care protocols and/or education programs has demonstrated positive impact on VAP rates.30,31,33,44,45,49-51 No consensus was found among studies on oral hygiene practices and protocols. The most popular oral care product used throughout the selected articles was chlorhexidine, specifically 0.12%.43,46,50,53 However, several researchers recommended researching the effects of a stronger concentration of chlorhexidine.43,46,50,53 Three studies tested 0.2% chlorhexidine, with conflicting results of its effectiveness in preventing VAP.22,23,40 Two studies used 2% chlorhexidine, and both found that this strength was safe and effective at preventing VAP.52,55 No research was uncovered that empirically determined which was the best concentration or product for oral hygiene; however, the meta-analysis of Labeau et al9 suggests 2% chlorhexidine.
To prevent performance bias, some of the studies did not inform nursing staff that a study was being performed, thus reducing the Hawthorne effect.32,46,55 Seven of the studies had large study groups, which assisted with internal validity.58,59 Nine of the twenty-six studies were conducted in more than 1 hospital setting, improving the generalizability.20,23,24,31,33,51-54
A limitation of the literature review was that only 26 studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria.60 Many patients included in the selected studies were removed from mechanical ventilation before the end of the study period,53 which did not allow the studies to measure long-term effects of oral care and VAP rates.53
The study by Pobo et al46 was discontinued half way through the study period, because of the lack of statistically significant results between study groups. The authors suggested that this might have been caused by the use of an endotracheal tube that was covered with a biofilm, which in itself is worthy of further investigation.46 Berry et al40 also prematurely terminated their study as a result of the discontinued production of one of their products.
This literature review included only studies that focused on adult intensive care patients, so results may not be generalizable to pediatric ICUs.61 Although all patients studied were in the intensive care setting, the diversity and acuity of patients varied between the studies, potentially altering results.45,52
After reviewing the findings, some large gaps in the literature became apparent. The method of oral care product application was one of the main gaps discovered.27 Each of the studies used different combinations of application techniques, with no consistency or testing of the best method. Clinicians are recommended to address this gap in future research, as the potential exists to increase the effect oral care has on VAP rates.43,44,46,50,52,53,55 Further research testing the impact of varying concentrations of chlorhexidine is required.53
The use of a toothbrush was controversial, with some studies documenting it having an effect on VAP rates and others suggesting that it had no benefit over using chlorhexidine alone.9,43,46,47,50,53,55 The effect of both manual and electric tooth brushing on VAP rates needs to be explored further.50,53
Another inconsistency was the timing intervals for when oral care was provided. Future research should focus on the best timing intervals to prevent VAP. Many articles implemented more than 1 intervention at a time to prevent VAP, such as providing oral care, implementing an oral care protocol, and providing nursing education.30-33,40,46,48,53 It was difficult to identify the individual effects of each intervention. Future studies should separate these interventions and identify their individual effects.
The main recommendation for practice is the implementation of oral care assessment protocols to guide health care professionals about the best oral care product and application technique.56 Clinicians are recommended to implement an oral care protocol and education program in each intensive care setting.21,23,33,45,48-51
Regular reeducation of nursing staff in relation to oral care protocols, assessment, and application techniques is important in maintaining compliance with oral care standards.50,62 Bingham et al30 did not show an improvement in adherence to oral hygiene protocols after education. However, this failure was attributed to the rapid turnover of nursing staff, supervisors, and leadership, leading to a dilution of knowledge and therefore reduced compliance of staff to the new protocols.30 Education should address nurses' concerns that inhibit them from performing oral care, for example, potential dislodgement of the endotracheal tube, as this step should increase compliance.51 The protocol for oral care for patients being treated with mechanical ventilation contains some significant gaps in the literature, and further research is required to answer these issues.
Oral care is not the only intervention that has been studied to reduce the rate of VAP in patients being treated with mechanical ventilation. Other methods, such as patient positioning and ventilator bundles, should also be researched and used in conjunction with oral care to best prevent VAP.26-28,41
Good oral care reduces VAP in the ICU. Chlorhexidine is currently the oral care product of choice, with 0.12% concentration being the most popular throughout the selected articles, although 2% chlorhexidine is recommended by at least 1 study. A recommendation for practice is the development and implementation of an oral health protocol. Guidelines can then be developed to inform health care professionals of the best oral care product and application technique to use in different oral health circumstances in the prevention of VAP. Implementing an oral care protocol and nurse education program in the ICU is essential if VAP rates are to be reduced. Future research must analyze the most appropriate chlorhexidine concentration, application technique, and timing intervals to best prevent VAP in the intensive care setting.
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46. Pobo A, Lisboa T, Rodriguez A, et al. A randomized trial of dental brushing for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia. CHEST J. 2009;136(2):433-439. [Context Link]
47. Soh KL, Soh KG, Japar S, Raman RA, Davidson PM. A cross-sectional study on nurses' oral care practice for mechanically ventilated patients in Malaysia. J Clin Nurs. 2011;20(5/6):733-742. [Context Link]
48. Jones H, Newton JT, Bower EJ. A survey of the oral care practices of intensive care nurses. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2004;20(2):69-76. [Context Link]
49. Cutler CJ, Davis N. Improving oral care in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Am J Crit Care. 2005;14(5):389-394. [Context Link]
50. Hutchins K, Karras G, Erwin J, Sullivan KL. Ventilator-associated pneumonia and oral care: a successful quality improvement project. Am J Infect Control. 2009;37(7):590-597. [Context Link]
51. Kearns R, Brewer A, Booth M. Oral hygiene practices in Scottish intensive care units-a national survey. Intensive Care Soc. 2009;10(2):155-158. [Context Link]
52. Koeman M, van der Ven AJAM, Hak E, et al. Oral decontamination with chlorhexidine reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173(12):1348-1355. [Context Link]
53. Munro CL, Grap MJ, Jones DJ, McClish DK, Sessler CN. Chlorhexidine, toothbrushing, and preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill adults. Am J Crit Care. 2009;18(5):428-437. [Context Link]
54. Rello J, Koulenti D, Blot S, et al. Oral care practices in intensive care units: a survey of 59 European ICUs. Intensive Care Med. 2007;33(6):1066-1070. [Context Link]
55. Tantipong H, Morkchareonpong C, Jaiyindee S, Thamlikitkul V. Randomized controlled trial and meta-analysis of oral decontamination with 2% chlorhexidine solution for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Infection Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29(2):131-136. [Context Link]
56. Munro CL, Grap MJ, Elswick RK, McKinney J, Sessler CN, Hummel RS. Oral health status and development of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a descriptive study. Am J Crit Care. 2006;15(5):453-460. [Context Link]
57. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Mayo Clinic Web site. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/mrsa/DS00735. Published 2010. [Context Link]
58. Polit D, Beck C, eds. Nursing Research, Principles and Methods. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. [Context Link]
59. Kermode S, Roberts K, eds. Quantitative methods. In: B Taylor SKKR, eds. Research in Nursing and Health Care: Evidence for Practice. 3rd ed. South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: Nelson Australia Pty Limited; 2007:205. [Context Link]
60. Taylor B, ed. Qualitative methods. In: Taylor B SKKR, eds. Research in Nursing and Health Care: Evidence for Practice. 3rd ed. South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: Nelson Australia Pty Limited; 2007. [Context Link]
61. Elliott D, Schneider Z, eds. Quantitative data collection and study validity. In: Schneider Z, Elliott DW, Lobiondo-Wood G, Haber J, eds. Nursing and Midwifery Research Methods and Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice. 3rd ed. Marrickville, New South Wales, Australia: Elsevier Australia; 2007:201. [Context Link]
62. Labeau S, Vandijck DM, Claes B, Van Aken P, Blot SI. Critical care nurses' knowledge of evidence-based guidelines for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia: an evaluation questionnaire. Am J Crit Care. 2007;16(4):371-377. [Context Link]
critical care; intensive care; oral care; oral hygiene; ventilator-associated pneumonia
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text:
Paul Munyuki Sports Reporter
CHEETAHS coach Daniel Hondo feels the biggest challenge his side faces is repeating last year's performance and making it to the final of the World Rugby Sevens Series qualifier when they travel to Hong Kong in two weeks' time.
Zimbabwe were yesterday drawn in Pool E of the second tier 12-team competition that will see the winner making it as a core member for the 2016/17 season that starts towards the end of the year.
There they face fellow Hong Kong, Germany, the Cayman Islands and Japan.
"Japan will definitely be the toughest team. We are not taking any team lightly. Hong Kong will be tough as well because they are at home and they enjoy great support and we will take Morocco equally seriously," said Hondo.
At the Las Vegas Sevens Japan finished as the sixth best side overall with 12 points, placed ahead of the likes of France, Kenya, Argentina and Wales.
Last year the Cheetahs made it all the way to the final and were leading till they were drowned by Russia's buzzer beater that saw them sink to a last play of the game. At least 10 Cheetahs players had been named in the Presidents XV side but coupled with the withdrawal of foreign-based players Mandenge has been left with a selection headache.
Of the 13-foreign-based players Mandenge had drafted into the squad, only four — Lawrence Cleminson (Russia), Bastien Mendelsohn (Durban), Jan Ferreira (Spain) and Moses Gunda (England) — have accepted the call-ups.
Fortune Chipendu, Biselele Tshamala, Njabulo Ndlovu, Taddy Whata, Riaan O'Neill, Shayne Makombe, Lenience Tambwera, Stephan Hunduza and Boyd Rouse are the Cheetahs named Mandenge's President XV squad.
However, Hondo, Mandenge and Zimbabwe Rugby Union director of rugby Brighton Chivandire were expected to meet last night to discuss the possibility of having some players remaining in the Presidents XV squad.
Hong Kong Draw
Pool E: Zimbabwe, Hong Kong, Cayman Islands, Germany.
Pool F: Spain, Chile Papua New Guinie, Mexico.
Pool G: Japan, Tonga, Brazil, Morocco

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Al Ashraaf Secondary School
102-105 Whitechapel
High Street
- Head: Mr Khalil Goddard
- E firstname.lastname@example.com
- W alashraaf.org.uk
- An independent school for boys aged from 11 to 16.
- Boarding: No
- Local authority: Tower Hamlets
- Pupils: 43
- Religion: None
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text:
About product «Conveyor dishwasher Dihr AX 440»Conveyor dishwasher AX 440 made byDIHR is optimal for professional and qualitative washing large amount of dishware. Automation of work processgives a possibility to make that quantity of wash cycles, which is necessary during the day. The model AX 440 fits, also, for restaurants with a large number of seats.
Announced dimensions of the conveyor dish washer AX 440 are: length – 2600 mm, depth – 750 mm, height – 1770 mm. During washing process in offered dishwasher loaded in special cassets dishware shift through the help of conveyor tape between different зонами мытья, thereby the process becomes the most effective. Average baskets size are 500х500 mm. Upon that, maximum container height is 450 mm. This model of conveyor dishwasher complies standards. In this offered model case material is stainless steel. This conveyor dishwasher AX 440, not only properly performed and functional, but also Using this model of dishwasher will - a good choice for different restaurants.


text:
Fredrick George Gallant II passed away Nov. 18, 2010 in Sitka.
His Tlingit name was Kalaxeitl, He was Eagle-Thunderbird, Shangukeidi.
He is survived by his grandmother Anita Lafferty; mother Lillian Sonya Sheakley; father Fred Gallant; daughters Stormy Dawn Gallant, Calista Cheyenne Gallant, Haley Rose Gallant; granddaughter Echo Rayne Gallant; siblings Pauly Jackson Jr. of Anchorage, Willie Jackson of Anchorage, Jimmy and wife Vera Jackson of Juneau, Dorthy Jackson of Anchorage, Tonya Gallant of Juneau, Tom Gallant of Juneau, Larry (April) Jackson of Juneau and many more uncles, aunts, cousins, nieces, and nephews.
He graduated in Juneau on Jan. 6, 1997. He was a hard worker from the early years of working log ships making everyone smile, to serving nobly as a volunteer Sitka firefighter, and finally as a caring security guard at Mount Edgecombe Hospital.
He confided to his family all the goals and dreams that he had for his beautiful daughters and granddaughter. He wanted them to grow to be strong, independent women completing their college education and traveling the world. He had a strong desire for them to have a good education, encouraged them to stay involved in sports and hobbies for a positive healthy lifestyle and a love of the Tlingit culture.
He was preceded in death by great-grandfather David Kadashan, great-grandmother Ida Hopkins Kadashan, grandfather Warren Sheakley Sr., father Paul Jackson Sr., sister Carol Jackson, son Jamie Lind and son Skyler Jaksoniak.
Services will be held at 5:30 p.m. Friday at the Alaska Native Brotherhood Hall.
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text:
I received an SMS on 22nd April from David Dube on cell number 0737020484 indicating that I had won R180,000 in an Omo promotion with a number 029GP. I phoned him on 23rd April and was asked how I would like it paid. I indicated that it should be paid into my bank account and was then told I would need to purchase a Vodacom airtime voucher for R275 and send them the voucher number beginning with a 9. I then checked on the internet and discovered numerous similar scams experienced by others so am reporting this one as well. I have informed my bank to watch my account.
|Report ID:
|Crime Category:
|Crime Date/Time:
|23 Apr 2014, 00:04 AM
|Reported By:
|Reported Date:
|23 Apr 2014, 11:04 AM
|Related Link:
The message was send from 0836836013 8/07/2014 @ 1h30 am "OMO WASHING POWDER HAVE REWARDED YOU (R500,000) CALL BEN 0832707634 FOR YOUR CLAIM 8AM TO 5PM "
I received a sms from omo saying Great prize;your sim card has won R500,000,from omo washing powder;ticket numberDf6622 for claim and activation call Mr. Ben on 0832707634.and he sounds like a nigerian in a public place!
I recieved an sms from Omo Promotion indicatind that I won 400 000, Fridge and Plasma ans cell nr 072 552 4054 I immediately new its a scam, when I phoned the nr to asked where did they get my number when ask for their website to report the event they hanged, this is the number I given to claim 0834037691. I'm reporting to help stopping the scam.


text:
Here are my two takes on it.
Card 1
For this card I used Post-It notes to mask off an area of the card and heat embossed the remaining space with a Darkroom Door background stamp (DDBS006 Harlequin) in clear. I then used an embossing pen to loosely cover the clear embossing, and heat embossed again in white. I like the slight shadow effect this double embossing gives. I stamped and heat embossed and die cut a flower and stem from the My Favorite Things Funky Flowers set, and used foam pads to raise the flower and trap a twist of 0.4 mm jewellery wire underneath it. The stem was glued flat to the card. The sentiment is from Mama Elephant Labeled Messages and was stamped in VersaColor ink in Charcoal, then cut out by hand and raised on foam pads.
Card 2
This card has a galaxy background done in Distress Inks in Seedless Preserves, Dusty Concord, Salty Ocean and Black Soot. I then stamped and heat embossed a Hero Arts background stamp (CG616 Tiny Star Background) in silver. On a separate sheet of card, I printed a computer generated sentiment in a cool font called Always Here and cut the sheet down to the size I needed for my panel. The panel and galaxy background were die cut to fit each other using My Favorite Things Inside and Out Stitched Circle Stax, and then adhered to the card base.
The rest of the DT have some awesome cards on their blogs for you to peek at, so do head over and take a look:
Anita - Neet and Crafty
Chrissie - Simply One of a Kind
Sarah G - Funky Fossil Designs
Sarah P - Sazzle Dazzle Crafts
Sharon - From my Craft Desk
Susan - BlueFogStudio
Thanks for stopping by!


text:
Having problems with your HP Computer Monitors ?
I am looking for a service manual for a hp2035 lcd monitor
Answers :
Go to HP.com/support ... search your model ... find your manual.
Repair Help & Product Troubleshooting for HP Computer Monitors
Tips for a great answer:- Provide details, support with references or personal experience .
- If you need clarification, ask it in the comment box .
- It's 100% free, no registration required.
Suggested Questions/Answers :
Where do we find the display lid switch for a HP Pavilion dv9715nr ? we replaced a damaged hinge on this laptop first and now we cannot get a display.
Let me guess. Damaged Left hinge? HP had a recall for this problem, but the recall has lapsed as of May 31, 2009. ... PC Desktops
Acer aspire 5004WLMi service manual
The backlight is incorporated into the lcd panel itself. it's not a stand-alone part so the whole lcd display needs to be replaced. In our service department, this part will cost you over $350 Canadian dollars. With the age of the laptop taken into c ... Acer Aspire 5004WLMi Notebook
I have 2 ibm thinkpads t40, on one of the systems the lcd inverter and screen get no power but when i take the lcd and connect it to the 2nd ibm tkpad it works fine, What would be wrong with the one lap top that the inverter wouldnt get power when the colling fan harddrive? again on one system base both lcds work fine, when i connect them to the seconf base the base turns on harddrive works and fan spins but no power to inverter board. how can i fix this
On the second Thinkpad laptop, that doesn't show a display with an LCD screen. Plug a VGA monitor into the VGA port on the back of the laptop. Hold the Fn key down, tap once on the F7 key (Toggle your display over to an external monitor) ... IBM ThinkPad T40 2373 Notebook
LG L226WTQBF black screen with blue light on power on button
Hello,It sounds like you have a monitor with a common problem. After a few years some LCD monitors will blow a power supply. The problem is caused by parts called capacitors overheating in the confined space of the monitor. If you are goo ... LG 22" FLATRON LCD Monitor
How to start disassemble LG flatron W2242TT
Taken from the LG Service Manual for the Flatron 2243/2343:The trick is to do this all without cracking any of the small tabs inside. I used this m ... LG Computer Monitors
E207WFPc Dell Monitor goes black after seconds of poweron.
Hi,\015\012 The problem you have mentioned may not be due to contrast setting but the LCD itself . Power on the mointor and disconnect the signal cable from the back. if you see a self test box running on the LCD , the LCD is oK . If you donno ... BenQ FP92W LCD Monitor
The computer shuts off when the screen is adjusted forward.
This is going to be a little lengthy, and I thought I should advise you in advance.This is the Service manual, for the Sony Vaio VGN-FJ series notebook PC's. (The Vaio VGN-FJ270/B is part of the VGN-FJ series)http://www.tim.id ... Sony VAIO VGN-FJ270/B Notebook
I have 2 Gigabite 19'' - 8ms monitors plugged into a G5 mac. Both was working fine. The right hand screen (second display) switches on with start up and then 2sec later it switches off. Then i can switch it on manually then it displays for 2 sec then switches off again...?
Hello,it sounds like you have a power supply going out. Because of the small spaces inside LCD monitors heat builds up and blows parts called capacitors. If you can solder you should be able to do the repair yourself. Go to our web page a ... Computer Monitors
Black is red and blue is purple
We can start with simple first....sounds like your graphics processor chip is fine, if it is sending the correct information to the external then it is sending the same to the LCD. Therefore we need to look at the attaching cable both on the motherbo ... Dell Inspiron 1525 Laptop Jet Black
Flatron LCD 19"
Hi,FixYa is not affiliated with LG or with any particular manufacturer. This site is a community of techs who provide support and assistance to most technical problems. The members are volunteers all over the globe with a wide spectrum of ... LG Flatron L1750S 17" LCD Monitor
LCD display Proview
You need to contact Proview. It is a problem with the monitor. I had the same problem and I was lucky. The warranity was going to run out in 15 days. They sent me a return number "I had to pay shipping and insurance" and they sent me a replacement ... Proview PL926WBi 19" LCD Monitor
Compaq Presario X1000 service repair manual
If you connect an external monitor and use the function key, e.g.<FN><F4> to toggle between on board and external monitor and it displays a picture, then the problem is your LCD, If it does not display a picture then the problem is more a ... Compaq Presario X1000 Notebook
Dell 20 Hi my dell lcd monitor won't gon after i saw a smoke . I open it and don't see anythink burnd bye Dave
Dear Tirat\015\012\015\012Hello Dave, well unfortunately your problem here is not going to be all that easy to resolve as components that burn out are not always visable to the naked eye. However, there are logical methods of approach tha ... Dell 2000FP 20.1" LCD Monitor
The screen of my laptop
If you get weird colors and poor resolution, then it is probably just the driver, that need reinstalling, in this case you will be able to read text normally, only photos look bad.If you do not have the disk you can reinstall driver from factor ... HP Pavilion dv2000t 14.1" Notebook Laptop PC (Intel Core 2 Duo T5500 1.66 GHz, 1GB RAM, 100GB HDD, D... PC Notebook
Hi there!! Sony SDM-HS73P Problem
SDM-HS73P can not be repaired on component level being LCD monitor because parts are not available.Problem seems in G board (Inverter Board) and you can get replacement from ... Sony SDM-HS73/H (Grey) Monitor
Yellowing screen after 15 minute great working!
Styber,\015\012While CRT monitors are very good with color rendition, they do have a warm up time (at least 30 minutes before to get the truest color they can give) they also lose brightness and contrast over time. Since you do Photshop work a ... HP 91 (White) 19" CRT Monitor
My lcd backlight has burned out
There are four options. One is to replace the entire LCD Panel. Not cost effective but probably the easiest. Two is to replace the flourescent tube, but this requires unmounting the panel from the laptop, disassembling it, desoldering and soldering t ... Compaq Presario M2000 Notebook
MAG Innovision 19" TFT LCD Flat Panel Monitor
The monitor has bad backlights or circuitry. Call the company, their number should be in the owners manual. Or, look on the web for their website. Or, call the store where you bought it. The monitor must be taken to a service centre for repair. ... Mag Innovision LT976S 19" Flat Panel LCD Monitor
Need Instructions on How to Replace ACER Aspire 6920 Laptop LCD
To do this you are going to need the service manual for your model laptop. In the service manual it will tell you how to completely disassemble the laptop. It will show you step by step and with photos.Now I searched for a service manual ... Acer Aspire 6920 Notebook PC
Princeton Digital VL1916
In my years of working on LCD's, your inverter (basically like a ballast in a flourscent lamp) is bad/going out. Crack open the case and look for a big pink and white wire going to a pcb (usually located under a shield) and remove it and check for pu ... Princeton Digital VL1916 19" LCD Monitor
My Kogi L7EH-TA monitor will not function when hooked to my new Dell Inspiron 537.
Do you get a No Signal on the monitor? IF so, the problem is in your computer, or you have a bad monitor cable. (Cable from monitor to computer) Try the monitor on a known working computer, and use that working computer's moni ... Kogi l7eh-ta ko 17" Flat Panel LCD Monitor
Samsung syncmaster 711p power issue
Hello\015\012I am a technician-informatic. I have repaired about 80 Lcd Samsung monitors with theese problems. I offer the repair manual.Manual has been done with the experience of the repairing Samsung Lcd monitors. Manual was made by m ... Samsung SyncMaster 931B 19" LCD Monitor
How do you remove the outer case on Viewsonic VG930M-3 LCD
Kauffman014, As far as opening the monitor up you may want to visit YOUTUBE and search for lcd monitor repair/ disassembling monitor/ or something like that. I did see a 9-11 min video there that was fairly good on un-snapping the rear cover from th ... ViewSonic VA1930WM LCD Monitor
Screens playing up
Let me give you the link to the free download of the Service Manual, for the Compaq Evo n1010v series of Notebook PC's, to start,http:// ... HP Compaq Evo Notebook N1015v (470046-573)
Acer aspire 5100
This guide is to provide some help for those who want to disassemble their laptop. \012You have to be sure that the problem you face is from the hardware,\012and that your laptop is not under warranty, since that laptop\012disassembly void warr ... Acer Aspire 5100 Notebook


text:
Having problems with your Vacuums ?
Oreck airhgq motor not working
\015 Motor barely moves\015
Answers :
Dear Sir:
1) See if some objets is inscruted in the belt.
2) Blocked hose, cleane
3) Clogged bag, clean.
4) Motor need lube, or change brush, test it for oveheating winding may be need replace.
5) Before to do that replace or retight a little the belt or replace.
God bless you
1) See if some objets is inscruted in the belt.
2) Blocked hose, cleane
3) Clogged bag, clean.
4) Motor need lube, or change brush, test it for oveheating winding may be need replace.
5) Before to do that replace or retight a little the belt or replace.
God bless you
Repair Help & Product Troubleshooting for Vacuums
Tips for a great answer:- Provide details, support with references or personal experience .
- If you need clarification, ask it in the comment box .
- It's 100% free, no registration required.
Suggested Questions/Answers :
Oreck airhgq motor not working
Dear Sir:1) See if some objets is inscruted in the belt.2) Blocked hose, cleane3) Clogged bag, clean.4) Motor need lube, or change brush, test it for oveheating winding may be need replace.5) Before to do that replace or retight a ... Vacuums
I have an older Oreck XL vacuum that sounds like it is running twice as fast as it should. I disassembled the entire vacuum, including disconnecting the motor wires, to clean out the hair, string, and other things. When I put everything back and connected all the wires, everything appears to work, including the light. The only problem is, it sounds extremely loud like the motor is running too fast. The model number is: XL3610HH Ser. No. 3610HHXA039740-6 I do not have as electrical diagram to see
... Oreck XL Ultra Bagged Upright Vacuum
My Oreck beater bar is not turning. The bar is free of hair or strings, the motor is working, just the bar will not move
If the motor is working then check the drive belt. There's a door on the right hand side of the Oreck that comes off with a cross head screw. Check the drive belt isn't broken. If its intact then its a possibility that the beater bar has seized up - ... Oreck XL2600 Vacuum
I have the Oreck Sanapathic DMS2000 Handheld Steam Vacuum, but no steam comes out when I push the button. I hear the motor, is there any buttons I am missing or any help on how to make it work, been plugged in for 5 min now. Held button down for 2... nothing. Just a drip of water.
ORECK DMS2000 No Steam First, tested tank and filter flow together using suction via plastic tubing. Worked freely Second, removed pump and disconnected hoses and terminals [watch location,three terminals on pump, two plugs] ... Oreck Sanapathic DMS2000 Handheld Steam Vacuum
Oreck XL upright - has a 2 speed switch. Now only works in high speed not low speed. Will a new switch correct or is it the motor
Your vacuum is fine. The switch can either run at full speed or half speed. You are running at full speed, you need a new 2 speed switch. You can pick them up at an Oreck Store for $29 or around $15 on eBay ... Oreck XL Ultra Bagged Upright Vacuum
I have an Oreck canister vacuum, it says fc1000 on the bottom sticker, it's red. My problem is that the suction in it works perfectly, the belt is ok, and the roller can turn, but the motor doesnt turn it when I turn on the power.
... Vacuums
Kenmore canister vacuum model 116-25512506. It has a 2 stage switch on the handle, the vacuum motor will not work, the carpet beater attachment does work, the vacuum motor will not cut on at all with either stage, 1st stage is vac only, 2nd is vac a carpet attachment. Carpet attachment will work, vac does not.
Try to find the reset button. It should be somwhere near the bottom area. It looks like a red dot that you can push inward. If you can press and hold the reset button, it will restart your suction and solve your problem. ... Vacuums
Brush motor does not turn. Vacuum motor works. How to replace brush motor?
... Eureka 431A Optima Bagless Upright Vacuum
Hello, My Electrolux Oxygen motorized brush stopped working. How do I determine if it is the switch, a belt or something else that is causing the motor not to work?
Hey Lee,We had the same problem and after taking it to a service guy who didn't even want to LOOK at the vacuum, it occurred to us to plug the powerhead brush directly into the handle and it worked! So, we were able to determine that the probl ... Electrolux EL7020A Oxygen 3 Ultra Canister Vacuum Cleaner Bagged Vacuum
Not working I hit the switch and there is no sound of a motor. Nothing is happening. It was working seconds earlier and suddenly it stopped. The plug was in and I replugged it into the outlet. Still, no power and no motor sound. Does this happen if the belt goes? Thank you, Jill
If it was just a broken belt you would still hear the motor running. most likely its in your cord or switch. check the main cord, connections to the switch, and also the motor supply cord that goes from the handle to the vacuum head. ... Oreck XL Ultra Bagged Upright Vacuum
My Dyson DC17 beater bar motor works intermittedly. I have to almost whack it on the floor to turn it on and then shuts off again. I have checked the belt and it is fine, also have checked for blockages. The switch to turn the beater bar on or off will not work when the beater bar motor is off. the suction is fine though.
Buy a Kenmore for less money ... Dyson DC17 Animal Bagless Upright Cyclonic Vacuum
The beater bar motor doenst work when i push the bar button the bar button doesnt light up like power button how can i test bar motor or bar switch or what is the common problem wiyh this model I have 2 that dont work the same way
If it do not work ...and you already are on the second one that behaved in the same way it may be a problem with the power in your place and the cause it may be the main fuse...Im not sure where is located in this model but it has to be near the powe ... Vacuums
Kenmore canister model 116.25513506 wont turn on. when handle switch is turned to floor. vac motor does not turn on. When switch is turned to carpet, floor nozzle works but vac motor does not. I checked fuse, all o.k. checked continuity for plug, o.k. removed wires for bag full switch...motor wont run. I wired motor directly power cord...motor runs. Thinking it must be the circuit board, how do I bypass it or test it?
... Vacuums
Bad Motor? I have an upright Electrolux Prolux Heavy Duty "Appareil Industriel" and the motor does not seem to be working and turning the brush. Is there a trip switch somewhere to try and reset the motor? I have taken the plastic cover off on the base of the unit and cleaned it well, but can't seem to get the motor to start again.
... Electrolux Vacuums
The motor in my Powermate (Kenmore Canister 116.27614700) is whining, high pitched, but still works. A local shop told me the motor is dying (the one in the Powermate that drives the beater bar) and would cost $150 for them to repair. The machine is only 1.5 years old and I paid $300...yikes. I think I can fix it but don't understand why the foam gasket that apparently wraps around the motor costs as much as the motor. This is assuming that part 32 (ks747156) is the foam I see glued to my cur
I think you are right! Buy the motor.....use the gasket from the old motor if you can cut it off clean and just glue it on the new one.\015\012\015\012The connectors are just brass blade connectors which you should be able to get at a Ho ... Kenmore 23913 Progressive PowerMate Bagged Canister Vacuum
Fantom vpw46h,house pressure washer.the motor runs,it was setting for sometime started,using it,but never had any pressure besides the house hose pressure, with the motor running,then the pressure startes to work great,while using it the wand hose came out of the pressure washer,i put it back in,now the motor will only run when i try to adjust the wand head but will not produce any pressure and will shut the motor off,it seem like as soon as the wand hose came out of the presure washer and after
... Vacuums
Shopvac 90L400 quit working (4 years old). Thought the switch was bad but not the problem. I read that there is a fuse link in the motor that frequently burns up. I tried to take motor apart but not sure of the process. I was able to get to the motor but cannot pull it out of the armature. It appears I have to take the aluminum blower unit off the shaft (it appears to be pressed on with a retaining washer). Do I have to take it off to pull the shaft and motor assembly out? Is that where the fuse
By pass the switch and take power right to the motor leads.. that should tell you if the motor is ok.. have not seen fuse link on a vac motor.. graingers has new motors, but not inexpensive ... Vacuums
We have a dyson dc 07 animal the machine was working fine then switched off after returning to the machine minutes later it wouldnt switch on, i removed on off switch cover and used a short piece of wire across the brown wires flicked the wall switch and it worked, aha i thought faulty switch aquired a new one to no avail and now even the short piece of wire trick doesnt work, has the motor died do you think, it wasnt over heating or making strange noises prior to refusing to work
It could be the motor. I'm having to replace the brushes on my DC 05. It appears that you can only get brushes for the YDK motors in the DYSON, not the Panasonic motor. Which might be saying something about the YDK motors. What happens is that the ca ... Dyson DC05 Cylinder Bagless Canister Cyclonic Vacuum
I have a Necchi LYdia 3 machine type 544 The motor was overheating and I removed the bottom cover and examined the motor .It looked fine and ran well. It worked OK for a time and then got hot.I was able to partially remove the motor for inspection.I found that the cooling impeller was not secured to the shaft,I tightened the set screws and reinstalled the motor. In process of getting the drive belt back on I turned the wheel that extends out of the case to index the screw that attaches the bobb
Good day!Please try to re align the motor position.You have to do is repeat the procedure that you take to remove the motor and double check the alignment because all motor in misalignment is very hard to turn.And ... Vacuums
Replacing the Oreck vacuum cleaner motor with a generic Ametek motor, the wiring terminal are different and I need an electric diagram
... Vacuums
I have the smaller oreck portable hand vaccuum & it won't turn on. It was working fine in the one bathroom & I moved to the other & bathroom & it won't work or turn on at all?
Check the wall outlet has poser and make sure the plug is fully inserted. ... Oreck XL2200 Bagged Upright Vacuum
Where can I order the following parts for my 1952 KENMORE SEWING MACHINE MODEL #117583, SERIAL #48054: : #5107 carbon motor brush (2) #5110 motor brush spring (2) #5111 motor brush spring cap (2) String for starter control lever Pulleys, screw and nut washer to attach string control Best sewing machine ever and still working like new, and I want to keep it that way. Thanks.
... Vacuums
I have an eureka deep steam extractor 2590 series and everything is working fine except for the motor it isn't moving is there a replacement part for the motor?? we think iit is the motor but could be wrong ??
Repairing unit wouldnt be cost effective . parts/labor $75.00 /$100.00 .if parts even available . ... Eureka Atlantis 2590A Wet/Dry Vacuum
My 20" Patton electric fan has stopped working. I use it for animal cooling and it operates in dusty conditions. I suspect that the motor is shot. Is it worthwhile to replace the motor and are motors even available?
You could just try to clean the motor out by taking it apart, and shining the shaft up. then put some motor oil/engine oil on the shaft. That will work 99% of the time. ... Vacuums
The WhisperBelt on the Progressive doesn't work. The vacuum works, but the floor attachment motor doesn't work.
Try changing the belt. Here is the belt you need:Progressive Belt ... Vacuums


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Encourage your children to learn new activities for kids by coaxing them to play the bass guitar while they are young! Playing bass guitar in Perth is not a challenge as there are many venues offering bass guitar lessons that your children can attend. Enrol your children to music schools in Perth and introduce music into their lives!Read more


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Using puppets in the music classroom can be a wonderful way to engage students and create a magical environment! Below are my favorite uses for puppets:
• Vocal exploration: Whether using a rooster to get students to "cock-a-doodle-doo" or an owl to get students to "whoooo" in their head voices, puppets can be a great way to foster vocal exploration and pitch-matching. Students can also follow the path of a finger puppet, such as a butterfly, flying through the air.
• Inner/Outer singing: Puppets that are able to pop in and out of something are wonderful for inner/outer singing! West Music now carries a raccoon that can pop in and out of the trash can: when he is out of the trash can, students can sing a known song normally, but when he is in the trash can, students have to sing inside their heads.
• Song prop: A colleague of mine just told me that when she plays "We are dancing," she has the child who is the wolf hold a wolf puppet to say what he/she is doing at the end of the song: you can then use it for vocal exploration to have kids howl like awolf! I've also used a turkey puppet for "Shoo Turkey," and then had students gobble like turkeys!
• Call/response songs: One of my favorite call/response songs is "Come back home my little chicks." I teach the song using a rooster puppet and a chick puppet, so students can easily see who sings which part. Then, I have them only sing the chick part, or only sing the rooster part.
• To encourage solo singing: Singing alone can be a bit overwhelming to some students, but if they think they are singing to a puppet, their perspectives can change dramatically! One of my favorite puppets is "Penny the Peacock," who only answers questions when students sing to her. It brightens up my day to hear a child singing a solo to Penny, asking questions such as "What's your favorite color?" or "What's your favorite food?"
I hope you and your students enjoy using puppets to sing, play games, and explore!Shop for puppets!
– Aileen Miracle
Need Help? 1-800-397-9378
© 2018 West Music CompanyPrivacy Policy


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The UN Broadband Commission for Digital Development presents its final report to UN Secretary General urging the world leaders to agree that The future will be built on Broadband
New York, 19 September 2010 The Director General & CEO of the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO), Mr. José Toscano, participated in the second meeting of the Broadband Commission for Digital Development that has submitted its final Report to the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Summit, scheduled to begin today at the UN headquarters. In acknowledging the report, the UN Secretary-General Ban ki Moon remarked that the power of the broadband technology will inject new impetus into the development paradigm.
The ITU Secretary General, Mr. Hamadoun Touré challenged global leaders to ensure that more than half of the entire worlds people have access to broadband networks by 2015, and make access to high-speed networks a basic civil right.
Broadband is the next tipping point, the next truly transformational technology. It can generate jobs, drive growth and productivity, and underpin long-term economic competitiveness. It is also the most powerful tool we have at our disposal in our race to meet the Millennium Development Goals, which are now just five years away, said Dr Touré.
The Commissions outcome report, which included a High-Level Declaration calling for Broadband Inclusion for All, is comprised of a detailed framework for broadband deployment and ten Action Points aimed at mobilizing all stakeholders and convincing government leaders to prioritize the roll-out of broadband networks to their citizens.
Information and communication technologies are playing an increasingly important role as drivers of social and economic development, but it will take partnerships, such as the Broadband Commission, to ensure that those technologies live up to their extraordinary potential, said Mr Ban. The Commissions report is an important contribution to our efforts to ensure that the benefits of information and communication technology can further the United Nations goals of peace, security or development for all.
In a joint statement the heads of ITSO, EUTELSAT IGO, and IMSO stressed the important role that satellite technology plays in the provision of broadband services in rural and remote areas, or in cases of natural disasters where land infrastructure is not available, and in particular, when mobile satellite technology is the only way to facilitate broadband access to millions of people who live or work at sea, or while they travel in any mode of transport.
Satellite is rapidly deployable, highly reliable, and capable of delivering the access speeds required by applications today and in the future. Satellite represents instant infrastructure which is economically viable and efficient. Combinations of direct satellite access and satellite trunking to wireless-access-points can create optimized configurations of service, they said.
In dealing with innovation issues, the Commissions report recognizes that satellites also provide invaluable solutions, particularly in providing capacity in hard-to-reach rural areas and for providing the essential backhaul capacity needed by other operators to reach their customers.


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Ask an Email Question, Get an Answer ASAP!
hello sir/madam
I would like to help you, please let me know when you are ready
hi, are you unable to Access your bt email?
what is the problem exactly?
I need to set up a password to access my BT e-mail, i have given my user name but it does not seem to be recognised. also i need a password and can't find how to set it up
what is your username? so i can check it
[email protected]
can you type it again, please replace @ with AT when typing your email here
(i cannot see it)
i am checking
do you have an email address like [email protected]?
what is your bt phone?
do you mean telephone number
bt does not recognise it, do you have a mobile phone number linked to your bt?
are you able to Access your bt management panel?
i can access bt home page
are you able to Access your bt from this page?
should i log into the above


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BT grabs £170m Redstone gig
BT Wholesale has won its first major deal to run a rival telco network. The deal is to run the voice network of cash-strapped Redstone Telecom, it's worth £ 170m, and it runs over six years. Twenty Redstone staff will transfer to BT under TUPE regulations.
It's unclear how much of this contract is new money - BT Wholesale says the deal protects and extends existing interconnect revenues with Redstone. Also, is BT Wholesale buying any equipment or facilities from Redstone?
Redstone Telecom will concentrate on developing its voice and data portfolio. The company has lost buckets of money over the last year or so, and was forced to implement a survival plan, the most notable element of which was a £22m rights issue. Redstone today said that net debt stood at £600K, compared with £6m in September, 2001.
Redstone ensures its continued survival with this contract - working capital and infrastructure investment needs are diminished. This means that it will not have to test the patience of its shareholders again with another rights issue. ®
Sponsored: Minds Mastering Machines - Call for papers now open


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We believe that our differences are our strengths. In order to provide a higher level of rehabilitative care, our employees must appreciate and understand the diversity of our patients in the communities we serve. We seek to employ talented individuals across diverse backgrounds to ensure we realize our mission of being the inpatient rehabilitation provider of choice in every community we serve.
We provide opportunities for our employees' growth and development and encourage their participation in an open and inclusive culture. In addition, we respect our patients, physicians, shareholders, business partners and vendors, recognizing the valuable role each of them plays in our business and striving to communicate with them openly and honestly.
We're not just providing excellent therapy and nursing services, we're restoring quality of life to our patients.
View All Employee Spotlights »
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Contact us to learn more about our rehabilitation programs or to set up a tour at our hospital.
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Log in to make the most of Hymnary.org collections.
When spring unlocks the flowersAuthor: Reginald Heber
Tune: GOSTERWOOD
Published in 23 hymnals
Printable scores: PDF, MusicXMLAudio files: MIDI
1. When spring unlocks the flowers
to paint the laughing soil;
When summer's balmy showers
refresh the mower's toil;
When winter binds in frosty chains
the fallow and the flood;
In God the earth rejoiceth still
and owns his maker good.
2. The birds that wake the morning
and those that love the shade;
The winds that sweep the mountain
or lull the drowsy glade;
The sun that from his amber bower
rejoiceth on his way,
The moon and stars their master's name
in silent pomp display.
3. Shall man, the lord of nature,
expectant of the sky,
Shall man alone, unthankful,
his little praise deny?
No; let the year forsake his course,
the seasons cease to be,
Thee, Master, must we always love,
and Savior, honor Thee.
4. The flowers of spring may wither,
the hope of summer fade,
The autumn droop in winter,
the birds forsake the shade;
The winds be lulled, the sun and moon
forget their old decree;
But we, in nature's latest hour,
O Lord, will cling to Thee!
Source: The Cyber Hymnal #7668
|First Line:
|When spring unlocks the flowers
|Reginald Heber
|Instances (1 - 1 of 1)
|First Line
|Tune Key
|The Cyber Hymnal #7668
|When Spring Unlocks the Flowers
|When spring unlocks the flowers
|Reginald Heber, 1783-1826


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WAYNE, Pa.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Guardian Capital Partners ("Guardian") is pleased to announce the final close of Guardian Capital Partners Fund II, L.P. ("Guardian Fund II"). Guardian Fund II reached its hard cap of $153.5 million in capital commitments in less than twelve months of fundraising and was oversubscribed. Guardian Fund II is three times larger than Guardian's debut fund which it raised in 2008/2009. Approximately 90% of Fund I LPs re-committed for the new fund, as well as over a dozen new institutional and single family office investors, and many new individual high net worth investors.
"We are grateful to our new and returning Limited Partners for their strong support of Guardian Fund II. We look forward to the opportunity to put the fresh capital to work over the next few years and build a robust portfolio of companies and management teams. We are extremely pleased with the how the fundraising process played out," said Guardian's Managing Partner, Peter Haabestad, who managed the fundraising process.
Scott Evans, Managing Partner, added, "Guardian has built a strong team of private equity investment professionals focused on superior deal execution, intelligent portfolio company governance and value-added support and leadership to our lower middle market companies and their management teams. Our strong Fund I performance without a doubt helped tremendously in our fundraising process."
Gibson Dunn & Crutcher, LLP provided fund formation and tax counsel to Guardian Fund II. Ernst & Young provides audit and tax services to Guardian. Guardian did not rely on placement agent services during the fundraise process.
For more information about Guardian Fund II, contact Peter Haabestad or Scott Evans at Guardian Capital Partners.
About Guardian Capital Partners (www.guardiancp.com)
Guardian Capital Partners is a private equity firm based in suburban Philadelphia that makes control investments in lower middle market private companies located primarily in the United States with annual revenues between $20 million and $100 million and EBITDA between $3 million and $9 million. Guardian is focused on and has expertise in three specific sectors: consumer products, niche manufacturing and specialty business services. Guardian partners with management teams to provide equity capital to lead leveraged buyouts, recapitalizations and divestitures of family-owned businesses and non-core divisions of larger corporations. The private equity experience and complementary skill sets of the Guardian team provide a unique combination of operating and finance capabilities resulting in certainty of execution and meaningful long-term value creation for its portfolio companies.


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Channing Tatum and Jenna Dewan Cute Pictures
Step Up and See Channing and Jenna's Most Magical Relationship Moments
Channing Tatum and Jenna Dewan met back in 2006 while working on Step Up and became engaged during a romantic trip to Hawaii two years later. They tied the knot in Malibu, CA, in the Summer of 2009 and have been a busy pair ever since, welcoming their daughter Everly in May 2013. The two have been nearly inseparable while hitting the red carpet for movie premieres, award shows, and glamorous galas. In addition to their public outings, they also share adorable snaps via social media, and most recently, they steamed up the stage during an epic performance on Lip Sync Battle. They aren't shy about showing PDA, and we're happy to watch them share their love and soak up their relationship goals. Keep reading to see Channing and Jenna's cutest moments together.
Additional reporting by Lauren Turner


text: I know we love our iPads, and to us they really are works of art, but now, Gizmodo reports, an art gallery in Beijing, China, is actually displaying an iPad on a pedestal as an art exhibit! According to The New Yorker, which is the source for the original article, the exhibit is by Li Liao, and is on display at the Ullens Center for Contemporary Art in Beijing. The exhibit is not just about the iPad that is on display, it in fact represents the work of Li Liao, who actually got a job on the iPad assembly line in China, and worked there for 45 days until he had enough money to buy one of the iPads that he was making. He then put the iPad on display in the gallery, as well as the uniform and badges that he wore during his time on the assembly line. The New Yorker post actually has an interview with the artist as well, where he describes the concept for the piece. Fascinating stuff! [FONT="]Source: [/FONT]Is an iPad on a Pedestal Art? What is an iPad Doing a Chinese Art Museum? : The New Yorker


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Microsoft Naive Bayes Algorithm Technical Reference
The Microsoft Naive Bayes algorithm is a classification algorithm provided by Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services for use in predictive modeling. The algorithm calculates the conditional probability between input and predictable columns, and assumes that the columns are independent. This assumption of independence leads to the name Naive Bayes.
This algorithm is less computationally intense than other Microsoft algorithms, and therefore is useful for quickly generating mining models to discover relationships between input columns and predictable columns. The algorithm considers each pair of input attribute values and output attribute values.
A description of the mathematical properties of Bayes Theorem is beyond the scope of this documentation; for more information, see the paper by Microsoft Research titled Learning Bayesian Networks: The Combination of Knowledge and Statistical Data.
For a description of how probabilities in all models are adjusted to account for potential missing values, see Missing Values (Analysis Services - Data Mining).
Feature Selection
The Microsoft Naive Bayes algorithm performs automatic feature selection to limit the number of values that are considered when building the model. For more information, see Feature Selection in Data Mining.
Method of analysis
Naive Bayes
Shannon's Entropy
Bayesian with K2 Prior
Bayesian Dirichlet with uniform prior (default)
Naive Bayes only accepts discrete or discretized attributes; therefore, it cannot use the interestingness score.
The algorithm is designed to minimize processing time and efficiently select the attributes that have the greatest importance; however, you can control the data that is used by the algorithm by setting parameters as follows:
To limit the values that are used as inputs, decrease the value of MAXIMUM_INPUT_ATTRIBUTES.
To limit the number of attributes analyzed by the model, decrease the value of MAXIMUM_OUTPUT_ATTRIBUTES.
To limit the number of values that can be considered for any one attribute, decrease the value of MINIMUM_STATES.
The Microsoft Naive Bayes algorithm supports several parameters that affect the behavior, performance, and accuracy of the resulting mining model. You can also set modeling flags on the model columns to control how data is processed, or set flags on the mining structure to specify how missing values or nulls should be handled.
Setting Algorithm Parameters
The Microsoft Naive Bayes algorithm supports several parameters that affect the performance and accuracy of the resulting mining model. The following table describes each parameter.
Modeling Flags
The Microsoft Decision Trees algorithm supports the following modeling flags. When you create the mining structure or mining model, you define modeling flags to specify how values in each column are handled during analysis. For more information, see Modeling Flags (Data Mining).
Modeling Flag
Means that the column will be treated as having two possible states: Missing and Existing. A null is a missing value.
Applies to mining model column.
Indicates that the column cannot contain a null. An error will result if Analysis Services encounters a null during model training.
Applies to mining structure column.
A Naive Bayes tree model must contain a key column, at least one predictable attribute, and at least one input attribute. No attribute can be continuous; if your data contains continuous numeric data, it will be ignored or discretized.
Input and Predictable Columns
The Microsoft Naive Bayes algorithm supports the specific input columns and predictable columns that are listed in the following table. For more information about what the content types mean when used in a mining model, see Content Types (Data Mining).
Content types
Input attribute
Cyclical, Discrete, Discretized, Key, Table, and Ordered
Predictable attribute
Cyclical, Discrete, Discretized, Table, and Ordered
Cyclical and Ordered content types are supported, but the algorithm treats them as discrete values and does not perform special processing.