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Respiratory disease is a term that is used to describe a number of problems that affect the organs of the respiratory system [1]. The respiratory system is made up of the organs that are involved in breathing. These include the nose, throat, larynx, trachea, and lungs, which are made up of the bronchi, and arterioles. The lungs are located within the chest, and there is a right lung and a left lung. This pair of breathing organs removes carbon dioxide (a waste product) from the blood, and puts oxygen back into the blood so that it can travel in the bloodstream to where it is needed. When the function of the lungs is affected, they cannot exchange gases, such as oxygen, like they normally do. When this happens, a person may develop a disabling cough, breathlessness, chest tightness, lung infections, and may also produce large amounts of sputum (the mucus material from the lungs that a person coughs up). Respiratory conditions are caused by a number of factors, as well as medical problems.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified diseases of the respiratory system in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) [2]. According to the ICD, respiratory diseases are categorised according to whether they affect the upper or lower part of the respiratory system. Within these two categories, respiratory diseases are further classified according to whether they are acute (lasting a short time, such as acute respiratory infections - ARIs), or chronic (lasting a long time, usually longer than 3 months).
Respiratory conditions affecting the upper portions of the respiratory system are nearly always acute - lasting a short time - and most are infectious. Most common are upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). URTIs can be caused by viral or bacterial organisms, but most are viral. They usually affect the areas of the respiratory system above the lungs, such as the throat, sinuses, larynx, trachea, or major bronchi. URTIs in any of these regions in infants and young children can contribute to serious ear conditions, such as otitis media (view EarInfoNet web page). Chronic upper respiratory infections are relatively rare, and there is little information on these conditions.
Acute sinusitis is a common condition that can be caused by any number of factors that interfere with airflow into the sinuses (hollow areas in the facial bones), which connect to the nasal cavities [3]. When the membranes lining a sinus become inflamed, the sinus passages may become obstructed affecting the drainage of mucus out of the sinuses. Sinusitis can be caused by bacterial, viral and fungal infections, as well as substances that irritate the sinuses (such as cigarette smoke, seasonal allergens, abuse of over-the-counter nasal sprays, and illegal substances that may be 'snorted' through the nose). In less common cases, the sinuses can become obstructed by tumors or growths in the nasal cavities, which may then have to be removed.
Acute pharyngitis is inflammation of the membranes of the pharynx - commonly known as a sore throat. The pharynx is the hollow passage at the back of the throat that starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the trachea. Acute pharyngitis usually causes pain when swallowing, and occasionally blisters at the back of the throat and dryness [3]. Pharyngitis is usually caused by viral infections, but it can sometimes be caused by bacteria, usually Streptococcus.
Acute nasopharyngitis - more usually known as the 'common cold' - is usually caused by a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract [3]. It is a contagious condition and can be caused by a variety of viruses. Children tend to catch colds at a higher rate than adolescents and adults. Colds are a common and continuing problem because the body can never build up immunity to all the different viruses that cause the condition. The common cold can be contracted in a number of ways, but usually involves the transmission of the virus through water droplets (such as those found in the breath). Exposure to cold weather does not affect the spread of a cold. Clinical symptoms of a cold can include inflammation of part or all of the airways, including the nose, sinuses, throat, larynx, trachea and bronchi. Not everybody is affected by a cold in the same way, which depends also on the cold-causing virus. More apparent symptoms of a cold include a sore throat, tiredness, sneezing, occasionally fever, nasal secretions, and a cough that can last up to 2 weeks. There is no cure for the common cold, but some medications can be used to help alleviate symptoms. Antibiotics do not cure a cold, but may be used if a bacterial infection develops. In most cases, a cold usually lasts between 4 and 10 days.
Acute tonsillitis - also known as acute sore throat - is an inflammation of the tonsils. The tonsils are tissue masses at the back and on either side of the throat. They act as a part of the body's purification system, and produce white blood cells to fight against disease [3]. The tonsils can become inflamed due to bacterial infection (usually Streptococcal infection), and, less commonly, due to viral infection. Symptoms of tonsillitis include sore throat, pain when swallowing, referred pain in the ears, and, occasionally, high fever, tiredness, headache, and vomiting. In children, a sore throat may not be present, but there may be a lack of appetite.
Acute laryngitis is the inflammation of the larynx [3]. The larynx is the section of the respiratory tract between the pharynx and the trachea that contains the vocal cords. The 'Adam's apple' at the front of the neck is formed by the outer wall of the larynx's cartilage. Acute laryngitis is usually caused by viral infections, but chronic laryngitis can be caused by excessive use of the voice, allergies, smoking, and substance inhalation. Laryngitis can also occur as a condition in people who have bronchitis, pneumonia, influenza, pertussis, measles, and diphtheria. Accompanying a sore throat, common symptoms of laryngitis include hoarseness or loss of voice, a tickling throat, rawness, an urge to clear the throat, fever, and tiredness.
Acute obstructive laryngitis and epiglottitis are usually considered together because both conditions generally affect the same location within the respiratory system.
Croup is a respiratory problem that occurs mainly in children between 2-4 years of age [3]. It is usually caused by a viral infection of the voice box, windpipe and bronchial tubes. Common symptoms of croup include a fever, difficult and strained breathing, hallucinations, and a characteristically harsh cough that sounds like a barking seal. Stridor (wheezing on inspiration) and respiratory distress are common but may or may not be severe. Usual treatment includes moist air and fluid administration, nose drops, decongestants, cough and pain medication, and occasionally antibiotics. Croup usually only lasts up to a week, but close monitoring is essential and around 5% of children with croup may require hospitalisation. Very occasionally, the narrowing of the airway may be severe enough to require intubation (insertion of a tube to enable sufficient air to enter the lungs).
Epiglottitis is a serious condition that can affect adults and children alike [3]. It is a progressive infection, usually caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus and Haemophilus. Infection leads to the inflammation of the epiglottis (the fleshy flap that covers the windpipe at the back of the throat so that food does not enter the lungs) and surrounding tissues. When the epiglottis becomes inflamed it increases in size, physically obstructing the airway and causing the work of breathing to increase. If the condition is not monitored, carbon dioxide levels in the blood may increase and, in extreme cases, asphyxiation may result. Common symptoms include high fever, sore throat, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, and difficult and noisy breathing. Usually, the person is hospitalised immediately, and specialist care is required. The condition is usually treated with antibiotics.
Respiratory infections affecting the lower portions of the respiratory system are known as lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). They affect the respiratory system from the bronchi down. Depending on the duration of the symptoms, the conditions are classified as acute or chronic.
Acute lower respiratory tract infections are similar to upper respiratory tract infections, in that they are characterised usually by rapid-onset with severe symptoms, and last generally for up to a week (and less than three months) [4]. They are usually viral, but can result in secondary bacterial infections and chronic LRTIs. The most common acute LRTIs include acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis, influenza and pneumonia.
Acute bronchitis is the acute inflammation and swelling of the airway linings, leading to narrowing and obstruction of the airways [5]. This inflammation stimulates the production of mucus (or sputum) which can obstruct the airways even further. When the lungs and airways become obstructed with mucus, the chance of developing a bacterial infection increases greatly. Symptoms of acute bronchitis include tiredness, hot and cold flashes, back and muscle pain, sore throat, as well as a dry cough, developing occasionally into a productive cough. Bronchitis can be either acute or chronic, with classification based mainly on the duration of the condition. Acute bronchitis lasts for three months or less, with high fever usually for no longer than 3-5 days. It usually develops after a bacterial or viral infection that affects the nasal passages, throat or bronchial regions, such as a common cold, but occasionally can also be caused by substances that have irritated the airway passages in people susceptible to allergies [3]. Acute bronchitis usually resolves completely and normal lung function resumes. There are occasional situations, however, where there is the possibility of serious complications resulting in chronic lung or heart disease. Depending on the cause of bronchitis, the condition can be treated with antibiotics, expectorants, and aspirin.
Acute bronchiolitis is an inflammation of the bronchioles, and occasionally bronchi [3]. The bronchioles are tiny tubes within the lungs that branch from the bronchi to the alveoli forming a sort of tree shape. Acute bronchiolitis tends to affect children and infants at a high rate, with infants being the most vulnerable [6]. The condition is caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), most commonly caught like the common cold during winter and early spring. Symptoms of bronchiolitis include coughing, breathlessness, and crackled breathing. Current opinion indicates that the condition responds favourably to treatment with corticosteroids.
Influenza and pneumonia are closely linked conditions, and for this reason are often considered together. Both affect the lungs and are usually short-lived, lasting less than three months. Influenza is exclusively a viral condition, whereas pneumonia can be viral and/or bacterial. Influenza also known as the flu, is caused by a number of viruses of three types - influenza A, influenza B, and influenza C [3]. These viruses can occasionally cause serious complications - such as pneumonia (which can sometimes be life-threatening). General flu symptoms include fever, cough, headache, tiredness, inflamed respiratory mucous membranes, and head cold symptoms such as a runny nose and watery eyes. Occasionally, a person may experience nausea and vomiting. The majority of people recover from the flu in 1 to 2 weeks and, being a viral condition, it doesn't need antibiotics. Many of the complications and illnesses caused by the flu can now be prevented by influenza vaccinations, and it is specifically recommended that certain groups of people (such as older people) are vaccinated annually.
Pneumonia, an inflammation of one or both of the lungs may affect an entire lobe (lobar pneumonia), a segment of a lobe, alveoli contiguous to bronchi (bronchopneumonia), or interstitial tissue [3]. It can be caused as a result of a previous respiratory infection, or can develop in conjunction with other respiratory diseases [2]. Symptoms of pneumonia include fever, chills, cough with mucus production, and, sometimes, pleuritic chest pain and shortness of breath. Symptoms can sometimes be mistaken initially for the common cold, but pneumonia usually develops over days or weeks and lasts longer than a cold.
Pneumonia can be bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic, but bacterial and viral pneumonia are the most common. The type of pneumonia is usually named and diagnosed according to the pneumonia-causing organism. Bacteria are the most common cause of pneumonia in adults aged 30 years of older, with Streptococcus pneumoniae (also known as pneumococcal disease) being the most common pneumonia-causing organism [3]. Some bacterial pneumonia can be avoided, as there are now a wide variety of pneumonia vaccines available. However, when a person has already developed pneumonia, the usual treatment is with antibiotics. Occasionally, pneumonia-causing bacteria can become resistant to a number of antibiotics, which then makes the condition much harder the treat [7].
Sometimes, pneumonia-causing bacteria can cause a number of conditions more serious than pneumonia. Examples are Burkholderia pseudomallei bacterium (causing meliodosis) [8] [9]; and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (causing tuberculosis) [10] (view HealthInfoNet tuberculosis page).
Viruses are the most common cause of pneumonia in children, but the influenza A and B viruses and rarely varicella-zoster virus have been known to cause pneumonia in adults. Viral pneumonia develops when viruses invade the tissues of the bronchioles causing bronchiolitis and occasionally affect the alveoli. The common symptoms of viral pneumonia are headache, fever, tiredness, coughing, and mucus production.
Chronic lower respiratory tract conditions include chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, and bronchiectasis (because of the rarity of bronchiectasis in the general populations of developed countries, the condition is often not considered along with the other three conditions). Together, these conditions are known collectively as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [5]. COPD refers to any of these conditions that persistently limits gas exchange, either by obstruction to airflow or by alveolar damage (see below under emphysema). The effects can be permanent and irreversible.
Chronic bronchitis is inflammation and swelling of the airway linings, leading to narrowing and obstruction of the airways [5]. The inflammation stimulates the production of mucus (or sputum) which can obstruct the airways even further. When the lungs and airways become obstructed with mucus, the chance of developing a bacterial infection increases greatly. Bronchitis can be either chronic or acute. Clinically, chronic bronchitis is defined as a daily cough and sputum production for a period of three months within a period of two years.
Emphysema is a condition affecting the alveoli of the lungs, in which air accumulates abnormally (as noted above, alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs that help in gas exchange) [5]. When air abnormally accumulates in the alveoli, they become enlarged and may break or be damaged, forming scar tissue. This process makes the lungs less elastic, so that the person has to work harder to breathe. As this gradually happens, the person may experience breathlessness, chest tightness, and wheezing because there is a loss in the amount of space in the lungs needed to obtain oxygen. In severe cases, a person may have to use an oxygen machine to assist breathing. Emphysema is most commonly caused by smoking, but can also be caused by repeated lung infections (such as chronic bronchitis) (view HealthInfoNet tobacco use page). A cure for emphysema does not exist, but medication may be helpful to ease symptoms or to treat infection in already-damaged lungs.
Asthma is a disorder that involves inflammation of the bronchial tubes (large air tubes that begin at the bottom of the windpipe and branch into the lungs, and have thick, muscular walls) and does not affect other part of the lungs [11]. Inflammation of the bronchial tubes causes them to swell, which narrows the airways. This is usually accompanied by spasms of the bronchial walls, which causes coughing and wheezing as the person tries to gasp for air. This process can often be amplified if the bronchi are extra-sensitive to environmental factors. Symptoms of asthma include shortness of breath, chest tightness, coughing, and wheezing. Asthma is diagnosed based on the presence of these symptoms. Breathing tests and chest x-rays are used to assist in diagnosis of the condition. If wheezing is absent, then the condition is not considered generally as asthma [12]. Generally, the airway narrowing in asthma can be prevented or reversed with proper treatment and use of ventilators or puffers [13]. Environmental factors too, can irritate or aggravate asthma and lead to asthma attacks in some people. These factors include heavy exercise, cigarette smoke, diet, outdoor and indoor air pollution, viral infections, and exposure to cold air. Genetics have also been shown to play a role in the development of asthma - people with a family history of asthma have a greater chance of developing asthma [14]. This may be because of similarly inherited genes for lung function and volume, small airways, responsiveness to allergens, and proneness to infections. This does not necessarily mean that a person with a positive family history will definitely get asthma. It means that their genes make them more susceptible to the condition. This, combined with environmental and lifestyle factors, may increase the likelihood of development of asthma.
Bronchiectasis is a progressive and irreversible condition that involves the inflammation and dilation or widening of the bronchi, caused by bacterial or viral infections [11]. The bronchi are the large air tubes that begin at the bottom of the windpipe and branch into the lungs, and have thick, muscular walls. The clinical symptoms of bronchiectasis are fever, persistent disabling coughing, shortness of breath and large amounts of mucus production, occasionally tinged with blood . Bronchiectasis can also develop into any number of recurrent respiratory infections. It is unclear how bronchiectasis develops, but research has shown that chronic respiratory infections, together with the way in which the body responds to this infection, play key roles in the development of the condition [11]. Cystic fibrosis, inability to mount a normal immune response, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease also predispose individuals to bronchiectasis. Short-term bronchiectasis is usually treated immediately with antibiotics. In some cases, surgery to remove parts of a lung that are causing irritation may occur. In more prolonged cases, chest physiotherapy may be suggested, which involves thinning, loosening, and drainage of secretions in the airways, and administration of a bronchodilator.
© Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet 2013
This product, excluding the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet logo, artwork, and any material owned by a third party or protected by a trademark, has been released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 3.0 (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0) licence. Excluded material owned by third parties may include, for example, design and layout, images obtained under licence from third parties and signatures.


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We all know that we are called as Young Women leaders - not to entertain these girls, but to teach them. Sometimes we forget that our mid-week activities should actually be teaching our YW something - not just getting together to have fun.
wonderful article by Sister Dalton, YW General President. She gently reminds us that we do need to be PLANNING WITH A PURPOSE, and to always remember that "Every activity, every lesson, all we do in the Church, point to the Lord and His holy house" (Elder Russell M. Nelson, "Personal Preparation for Temple Blessings," Ensign, May 2001).
There is an Activity Planning Sheet on our YW website that will help you plan with a purpose. It is right towards the top of the page entitled: Young Women Activity Planning Sheet. This page is also included in our 2012 YW Leader Planning Calendar, available here.
Latter-Day Saint Young Women Blog
Want to know what's new on the LDS-YW website? Want detailed instructions on how to make crafts for YW? Want links to leader resources and fun, fresh, new activity ideas? Then you've come to the right place!
This blog is not produced, endorsed, or approved by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Planning with a Purpose
Posted by Vickie Hacking at 8:17 AM
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text: My laptop is running Windows XP Pro and has an ATI 3D Rage LT Pro Video card. Under Control panel/System/Hardware/Device Manager an error is flagged in the Sound, Video and Games Controllers. I am informed that the ATI WDM Bt829 Video is unable to load. The driver is 184.108.40.20618 Microsoft Windows hardware Compatibility Publisher and is digitally signed. Any ideas? I got no help from ATI.


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About this iReport
- Posted May 19, 2012 by
- naweedyousuf
Bala Boluk
Bala Boluk
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Afghanistan: Afghan and Coalition soldiers capture six insurgents in the Bala Boluk district.
Afghanistan: Afghan and Coalition soldiers capture six insurgents in the Bala Boluk district.
HERAT, Afghanistan, 18 May 2012 - Insurgents attacked a group ANSF (Afghan National Security Forces) with automatic weapons and RPG's (rocket propelled grenade) in Bala Boluk district, in Farah province today. The Afghan soldiers reacted immediately to the threat and requested help from ISAF Task Force South to combat the situation.
A QRF (Quick Reaction Force) responded immediately in support of the ANSF.
Together, the Afghan and coalition soldiers engaged the insurgents who began to flee the area. The AUP (Afghan Uniform Police) pursued and captured six insurgents.


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Florida wasnt the only state with egregious election errors in 2000, and its highly likely glitches will occur in November. Are reporters ready to spot them?
By Thomas Hargrove Thomas Hargrove, a reporter for Scripps Howard News Service in Washington, D.C., has written extensively about voting issues. He'll have his calculator handy on November 2.
Dole was reported to have lost Tyler County, receiving only 734 votes. He actually carried the county with 1,734 votes. The mistake went unnoticed for years, even though the obviously errant tally (detectable with mathematics no more complex than division and subtraction) was publicly recorded at the county courthouse, posted on the Internet by the West Virginia secretary of state's office and filed with the Federal Election Commission in Washington, D.C. Nobody noticed because no one compared the total number of ballots cast with the total number of votes awarded to the presidential candidates.
Odds are mistakes like Tyler County's will be made in November's presidential election. Will the media notice this time around?
After the embarrassment in 2000 of calling Florida for one guy, then the other, then no one, the press will be under more scrutiny on election night than ever before. Likewise, every county clerk and secretary of state will be expected to make certain their polling places don't become the scene of Recount 2004. Reporters will need to discern voting errors within days, perhaps even hours, after the polls close. We've got to get it right this time or, at least, quickly warn if something seems wrong.
Scripps Howard News Service created a database using information purchased from Election Data Services Inc. of Washington, D.C. When I examined voting in the last two presidential races, many counties appeared to have large numbers of the electorate who did not vote for president. At the time of the 2000 presidential election, 38 states reported the number of ballots cast in each county. Of the 80.6 million ballots, 1.6 million didn't register a vote for president.
The terms used by election experts to describe these missing votes include "undercount," "ballot drop-off," "undervote" and, my personal favorite, "residual vote." While the wire service estimates that Florida had an undervote of 2.9 percent of all ballots cast in 2000, seven states reported a higher ballot drop-off than that: Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina and Wyoming.
More than 500 counties nationwide had alarmingly high presidential undervotes--such as Bacon County, Georgia's 11 percent in 2000. After the county traded in its mechanical lever machines for an electronic voting system, the undervote dropped to just 2 percent in the 2002 U.S. Senate race.
That anomaly and many others weren't challenged by reporters or politicians at the time of the last two presidential elections. So what can journalists do in the coming weeks to prepare for November 2? Here's what election experts recommend:
Start asking questions. Call your county elections supervisor as well as the chief elections officer in your state to make sure you will be given figures for the total number of ballots cast in every county and preferably in every precinct. (When possible, you want to know how many people were turned away because of registration issues, as well. A national poll by the Scripps Survey Research Center at Ohio University found 3 percent of U.S. voters report they've been denied ballots, most often because their names were improperly excluded from the voter rolls or a change of address was inaccurately recorded.
The Help America Vote Act of 2002, passed by Congress to fix Florida-like voting issues, has created a new wrinkle for political reporters. Any voter denied a ballot has the right to receive a provisional ballot. Local officials must then determine if the voter is qualified to cast a ballot, a process that can take several days. When faced with a close election, reporters must determine the number of uncounted provisional ballots to determine the level of uncertainty in the race.
Get a handheld calculator. Determining the undervote is simple enough: Scan the county's canvass report to determine what race scored the highest number of votes. This usually will be for the offices of president or governor. Add the total number of votes received by the candidates (including write-ins) and divide it by the number of ballots cast. Suppose a county reports there were 1,000 ballots cast, but you notice that only 981 votes counted in the presidential race. Using a calculator to divide these two numbers gives you 0.981. Subtract the number 1 from this and you will get -0.019. That represents an undervote of 1.9 percent.
(Why is there an undervote at all? Americans have the right not to vote for candidates if they don't want to. And it's not uncommon for voters to be confused or undecided, especially in races further down the ballot. A zero undervote should be as suspicious as a double-digit one.)
Investigate any suspicious undervotes. Kimball Brace, president of Election Data Services and a frequent expert witness in court cases involving disputed elections, advises reporters to start asking questions when the undervote exceeds 2 percent.
Reporters have not always been able to get complete election data. Twelve states did not report the number of ballots cast four years ago. They were Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Indiana, Maine, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas and Wisconsin. Indiana reports that that was a one-time glitch, and the state has since provided data. At Scripps Howard's request, Delaware subsequently produced the data as well.
Most of these other states say they will report a ballot count for the first time in November. Says Texas Secretary of State Geoffrey Connor, "I don't think there will be any problem in getting this information." Connor told me that "curiously" the state's Election Night Reporting Committee, made up of members of the press and charged with ensuring the quick and accurate release of voting information, had never asked for the number of total ballots cast. "I assume [the journalists] didn't think about it," he says.
How ready are America's newsrooms to check the vote in November? Major newspapers in Florida and Georgia (two states with a history of chronic undervoting) routinely assign reporters to check for missing votes and plan to monitor the performance of new voting machines. Says Lea Donosky, politics editor for the Atlanta Journal-Constitution: "We have a reporter assigned specifically to look for problems, something we've been checking into because we have all touch-screen voting in Georgia."
And the issue will be monitored carefully in Chicago, site of the biggest single vote-counting error in the 2000 presidential election. A study by the Illinois Institute of Technology concluded that poorly manufactured plastic guide templates used to assist voters in punching out cardboard chad contributed to 122,914 ballots in Cook County not registering a vote for president.
"Obviously we will be looking at a whole spectrum on this issue, including provisional ballots and spoiled ballots," says Dan Haar, a political editor for the Chicago Sun-Times. "But how quickly will we be able to know the difference between the number of ballots cast and the votes actually counted? This is a very good question."
Editors at smaller newspapers in downstate Illinois could become overwhelmed in trying to track missing votes. The Land of Lincoln had the nation's worst undervote four years ago, with 3.9 percent of all ballots cast not showing a vote for president.
"Look, we cover 17 counties with a whole smorgasbord of vote-counting equipment scanners, punch cards and whatnot. Are we concerned about it? Yes. How are we going to cover it? We are still discussing that," says Jerry McDowell, city editor of the Peoria Journal Star. "Questions like whether the election was fair? Was it an accurate count? I'm not sure how to approach this."


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Web Watch
Useful Sites for Small Companies
Where to find information on franchising, presentations and raising cash
FRANCHISE ADVICE AAFD.org
The American Association of Franchisees and Dealers, a San Diego-based trade group, promotes fairness between franchisers and franchise owners. Its online resources include tips on selecting and buying a franchise. Group members can also find contact information for lawyers who specialize in arbitrating and mediating franchise disputes. In addition, the site includes a directory of suppliers who offer discounts...


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Mitbürger mit Migrationshintergrund
We live Germany. We were 20,3% of the German population in 2014. We were born here or are already living here as fellow citizens. But for many other Germans we are still some sort of strangers. While chatting, nearly always one question comes up: Where are you from? And if the answer still does not count, because it is a german city, the next questions is: Where are you really from? Instead of affiliation, segregation occurs. So these Portraits are made for us - German people with roots in Africa.


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Investigations into the Toxicology of Spirolides, a Group of Marine Phycotoxins
AbstractSpirolides are marine phycotoxins produced by the dinoflagellates Alexandrium ostenfeldii and A. peruvianum. Here we report that 13-desmethyl spirolide C shows little cytotoxicity when incubated with various cultured mammalian cell lines. When administered to mice by intraperitoneal (ip) injection, however, this substance was highly toxic, with an LD50 value of 6.9 µg/kg body weight (BW), showing that such in vitro cytotoxicity tests are not appropriate for predicting the in vivo toxicity of this toxin. Four other spirolides, A, B, C, and 20-methyl spirolide G, were also toxic to mice by ip injection, with LD50 values of 37, 99, 8.0 and 8.0 µg/kg BW respectively. However, the acute toxicities of these compounds were lower by at least an order of magnitude when administration by gavage and their toxic effects were further diminished when administered with food. These results have implications for future studies of the toxicology of these marine toxins and the risk assessment of human exposure. View Full-Text
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Share & Cite This Article
Munday, R.; Quilliam, M.A.; LeBlanc, P.; Lewis, N.; Gallant, P.; Sperker, S.A.; Ewart, H.S.; MacKinnon, S.L. Investigations into the Toxicology of Spirolides, a Group of Marine Phycotoxins. Toxins 2012, 4, 1-14.
Munday R, Quilliam MA, LeBlanc P, Lewis N, Gallant P, Sperker SA, Ewart HS, MacKinnon SL. Investigations into the Toxicology of Spirolides, a Group of Marine Phycotoxins. Toxins. 2012; 4(1):1-14.Chicago/Turabian Style
Munday, Rex; Quilliam, Michael A.; LeBlanc, Patricia; Lewis, Nancy; Gallant, Pamela; Sperker, Sandra A.; Ewart, H. Stephen; MacKinnon, Shawna L. 2012. "Investigations into the Toxicology of Spirolides, a Group of Marine Phycotoxins." Toxins 4, no. 1: 1-14.


text: While taking a week off to move into their new home, Barnaby takes time to visit his aunt, Alice Bly, who is staying at a local convalescent home for a few weeks. She tells him that a resident died there the previous evening and at least one other resident believes it was murder. When the home's administrator tells Barnaby that residents' personal effects are going missing, he gets Troy to look into the goings on at the manor. When a second resident is found dead soon after, Barnaby begins to suspect that something is amiss.


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Updates and Activities of the NCREDC
The North Country Regional Economic Development Council gathered public input on its strategic plan and priority projects over the last several months through its numerous public forums and CFA training sessions held across the region. The Council will post its progress report and priority project list on its website at http://www.northcountryopenforbusiness.com after submitting it to the State on Friday, August 15.
"As a Council, we continue to listen to our residents and encourage input of their solutions to meet the vision to lead the economic renaissance of New York State's small cities and rural communities. The North Country has taken full advantage of the opportunity Governor Cuomo created to prioritize initiatives that make sense for our region. Through public-private investment, we are elevating global recognition of the North Country as one of the special places on the planet to visit, live, work and study," said Anthony Collins, President of Clarkson University and Council Co-Chair.
"The Governor's regional economic development process has been a remarkable success for the North Country. On August 15th, we look forward to submitting another annual report which will again show strong progress on all of our projects and strategies. And while our Canadian connection has always been a large part of our story, we're very pleased that international business has been highlighted by the Governor this year as part of his Global NY initiative. Each year, the economic development teamwork across the North Country becomes stronger and stronger, thanks to this process, and it's the entire team that has put us in position for another very positive report," said Garry Douglas, President of the North Country Chamber of Commerce and Council Co-Chair.
The progress report will include several components: an overview of the Council's strategies and priorities for the North Country, including new initiatives such as Global NY, the Veterans initiative, and the Opportunity Agenda; progress on past priority projects, actions and other state programs such as the Innovations Hot Spots program; an update on public engagement and performance measures; an implementation agenda for the remainder of 2014 and 2015; and a list of priority projects for 2014 with an overview of job creation and investment figures.
The progress report will be used to evaluate the region as part of Governor Cuomo's Regional Council competition in 2014, which includes the availability of $750 million in State resources to support the economic development priorities of all 10 regions and spur job creation across the state, including $220 million in competitive funds from Empire State Development.
In addition, in response to the U.S. Army's Supplemental Programmatic Environmental Assessment (SPEA) for Army 2020 Force Structure realignment released in late June, the NCREDC, at its meeting, reviewed the socio-economic impact of Fort Drum in Jefferson County and across the region, and reaffirmed in a resolution its support for the installation. The resolution asked for no further personnel reductions at the base and reiterated the significant infrastructure investments that have been made by New York State to ensure integration with Fort Drum's needs for housing, education, healthcare facilities and transportation needs.


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|Reviews for Lost
| Meowzers the fir chapter 11 . 4/6/2016
I love every second of this story it was so good. The opening and ending of each chapter was enjoyable to read also
| hidinginshamebutnostalgic chapter 11 . 3/5/2010
1st who the hell who diss this story? it's freakin' great! the ending was so cute! i was really surprised at how Wendy reacted xD
| hidinginshamebutnostalgic chapter 1 . 3/5/2010
Youngest to oldest:
Bowser Jr
| Gatita101 chapter 11 . 10/16/2009
This has got to be the cutest koopaling fic I ever read, EVER!
I loved all of the characters. Everyone was either in character or had a character of their own, which made them fit.
In other words, A-MAZ-ING!
Definitly FAVED!
~The Little CatGirl
| HarvesterOfHearts chapter 11 . 1/20/2009
This story was the most adorable story ever. seriously. I loved everything about it (even the re-written chapter 6, hahah). Larry was THE CUTEST THING EVER. Which is good, as he is my favorite Koopaling. The ending was fantastic. And Ludwig being the perfect big bro, was amazing. He looked just like Bowser (how adorable! ... y'know... in a way...) Oh, and all your characters were so in-character. Seriously. You are a god in the Koopaling Fanfic writing industry.
I commend you.
| LudwigVonKoopa chapter 11 . 4/10/2005
Oh gawd this story was so so god I loved it it made me feel so sad. I loved it when Ludwig looked at the piranha plants at the end it was so cool, and the ending itself it was so awesome I almost cried... so sweet and sad!
| wetheril chapter 11 . 3/28/2005
Aw...what a cute story! _ I love the Koopalings, and I'm glad there was a happy ending. :)
| Nachtsider chapter 11 . 6/4/2004
Nice yarn.
| Yami Bakura's Wife chapter 1 . 10/25/2003
To Robin Lee Shh! - It's only my first koopaling story, I'll get better! lol
| Robin Lee chapter 11 . 10/25/2003
lol. don't tell me you cried writing this. _* a nice ending, a bit too emotional for the evil Koopas...and to make it more beleivable the emotion prolly coulda been stretched out...but it was sweet anyway. at least we got a cameo from the Marios! Yay!
| Kaira-chan chapter 11 . 10/25/2003
heheh - cute! Yay! loinger chapter from Jehsi chan! Hurrah! *Jumps up and down* NEWAYS... yeah - go longer chapters! *Whisteles* lol -
| Robin Lee chapter 10 . 10/23/2003
Whoa...my name is Laura so reading this chapter was pretty wierd. Poor Larry, I hope he runs into the plumbers! I just want to see what they'd do. :-)
| Kaira-chan chapter 10 . 10/20/2003
Aw _ yay! go laura and larry! _ I cant wait for the next chapter!
| Kaira-chan chapter 9 . 10/20/2003
Aw! poor larry! *Huggles him* It'll all be okay! *Sniff sniff* off to the next chapter _
| Kaira-chan chapter 8 . 10/20/2003
Yay _ Fun fun! lol _6 i cant wait until i click the next little button! Hmm... lesse... not alot to comment on! Go dolphin dude! *Glomps it*


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Mechanicville's Abby Maiello
Updated 1:00 pm, Wednesday, September 14, 2011
MECHANICVILLE -- A dash down the sideline and a quick change of direction set up a prime scoring chance Saturday for Abby Maiello at the 18-yard mark and the Mechancville senior did what she usually does in such a situation -- she scored a goal.
But the second of three tallies Maiello had against Ravena in a 8-0 Colonial Council victory just so happened to be the 100th in the senior's illustrious five-year varsity career with the Red Raiders.
"I had no idea," Maiello said regarding her impending milestone. "I thought about it at the end of last season wondering where I was."
Maiello, who has given Division I St. Bonaventure her oral commitment to play soccer for the Bonnies in 2012, has been selected as the Times Union Athlete of the Week for the period Sept. 5-10.
Maiello scored three goals and added two assists Friday in a 8-1 triumph against Holy Names and delivered the same totals in the win over Ravena to push her career goal total to 101.
"Honestly, what (100 goals) means is I gotten this far and I have a lot more left to do," Maiello said. "We have 10 seniors, so we really want to go pretty far. Reaching 100 goals is a good reminder of all the hard work that has been put it and how much more I'll need to do to have the kind of season we want."
More Information
The game Saturday was originally scheduled to be played Wednesday at Ravena, but was shifted to Mechanicville because heavy rain made the Indians' field unplayable. Maiello enjoyed reaching 100 goals at home.
"Very cool," she said.
Top performers
Jaclyn Romano, Shenendehowa girls' soccer: Scored with 3:30 left in overtime to propel the Plainsmen to a 1-0 win over Saratoga.
Nick Ketter, Queensbury football: Caught six passes for 103 yards and four touchdowns, plus added a 64-yard TD run, in a 58-48 loss to La Salle Saturday.
Anthony Walker, Lansingburgh football: The sophomore rushed for 222 yards and four touchdowns Friday in a 28-0 victory over South Glens Falls.
Lizzie Predmore, Shenendehowa girls' cross country: Captured the Guilderland Invitational title Saturday with a time of 19 minutes, 34.44 seconds -- more than a minute the rest of the field.
Tommy Osipitan, Colonie boys' soccer: The standout striker collected three goals Friday to lead the Garnet Raiders to a 4-0 win against Averill Park.
Team of the week
Amsterdam football: The Rugged Rams, beaten badly by Burnt Hills in 2009 (58-0) and 2010 (58-27), registered two defensive touchdowns and forced seven turnovers Friday night in posting a 23-7 victory over the Spartans.
Game of the week
Shaker at Shenendehowa, football, 7 p.m. Friday
The Blue Bison took a 48-6 drubbing at the hands of the Plainsmen in the 2010 Class AA quarterfinals. Shaker and Shenendehowa each enter this one at 2-0 and stand atop the Liberty and Empire divisions, respectively.


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- Description
Quick Overview
Natural Bath & Body presents silky after bath oil that is infused with Juniper Berry essential oil extracted from the berries and needles of the Juniper plant found in Bulgaria. Sourcing the essential oil directly from the Balkan Mountains, we mix it with a complex fusion of antioxidants and nourishing emollients such as Almond and Coconut oils that revitalizes skin and refreshes your senses, providing an intensively moisturizing experience.
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by peninsula » Sat Jun 11, 2011 11:02 pm
by thegib » Sun Jun 12, 2011 12:08 am
by peninsula » Sun Jun 12, 2011 4:50 am
thegib wrote:As you descend from Colby lake, if you just turn south and march up canyon, immediately east of Whaleback, it's all open and lovely. I camped at 10400 and loved it. Climb Whaleback while you're at it, beautiful ridge. What I remember from ascending Cunningham Ck is mosquitos, sun, and brush. Ugh. Another route, which I heartily recommend, is to more closely parallel the GWD. Head north from Colby lake, follow the creek to Talus lake, go north to Table ck and pass just west of Thunder Mtn at 12000', then descend to around 11000 on Cunningham ck. I did this (w/GF) the other direction, which I think is preferable, but still super cool. Have a great time!
by peninsula » Fri Sep 14, 2012 1:06 pm
by peninsula » Sun Sep 16, 2012 7:59 pm
peninsula wrote:Last year's effort was aborted due to an early-winter storm. I'm going to try again this year, and while in the region, I'm interested in visiting Josephine Lake. Any advice on the best approach to this lake is appreciated... it looks steep from most angles!
by thegib » Mon Sep 17, 2012 7:04 pm
by peninsula » Mon Sep 17, 2012 7:57 pm
thegib wrote:It's easy to descend to S. Guard lake from Longley. On the Tom Harrison map it may look like a steep 4-600' section, but it's a non-issue. Did it with packs, in the rain, with trepidatious GF, two weeks ago.
by finckster » Fri Sep 21, 2012 9:53 pm
by boyblue » Fri Sep 21, 2012 11:31 pm
finckster wrote:I recall that navigating the lower sections of Cunningham Creek was much more challenging than Longley Pass itself, but totally doable. After the tarn above South Guard Lake, I stayed high in order to get around the lake. Below that, there are two steeper sections on the way down, one near a waterfall and one just above the canyon floor. You can probably get through both of them on either side of the creek; I was on the south side for the first one and the north for the lower one, but don't know that these were the better choices.
by peninsula » Sat Sep 22, 2012 1:07 am
by butitsadryheat » Sat Sep 22, 2012 9:43 pm
by peninsula » Sun Sep 23, 2012 1:55 pm
butitsadryheat wrote:Nice trip ya got planned peninsula. I like that software you have your trip planned on too. Can't wait to see the pics when you get back. Be safe
by peninsula » Mon Oct 22, 2012 9:37 pm
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Creative inspiration between Rhine and Ruhr: the University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE) is located in the European region with the highest density of institutions of higher learning. Created in 2003 by the merger of the universities of Duisburg and Essen, the UDE is the youngest university in North Rhine-Westphalia and one of the ten largest universities in Germany.
The university is dedicated to tolerance and peaceful collaboration. They are committed to treating everyone we meet at the university with respect, honesty and trust regardless of his or her position, nationality, religion, gender or other attribute.
Internal institutions of the University and a ring of non-university institutions can provide impressive results of diverse practical work. Not only the technical disciplines are responsible for these impressive results but also the humanities and social science.
During the mutual vetting that takes place before the university appoints a new professor, the possibilities for the professional development of the candidate's spouse or life partner often play a decisive role.The University of Duisburg-Essen has established the Dual Career Service to take account of the situation of double-career couples during the negotiations that are part of the appointment process. In addition to gathering information of interest to such couples, the Dual Career Service provides them with support and assistance during the search for an adequate position or other option enabling the prospective professor's spouse or life partner to stay on his or her chosen career path.
The "Support Center for (International) Engineering Students" (SCIES) acts as a help desk for all study-related questions in the Faculty of Engineering. The mission of SCIES is to support all students at the Faculty of Engineering and to help them gain the best from their experiences at the University of Duisburg-Essen. SCIES consults in questions with the studies, helps in administrative matter, supports in finding accommodation and is in all questions the first level support for the students.
Centre for Information and Media ServicesThe CIM is acting as a central service for all members of the University of Duisburg-Essen. The CIM was founded in order to boost the core competences of the computing and media centres, the data processing unit of the administration and the library by merging them into one organisation.
Accommodation will be offered in single rooms with private bathrooms (shower and toilet), desk, refrigerator, pre-paid phone, TV and WLAN internet access, which can be used free of charge exclusively by the guests of the Bildungshotel. The University of Essen can be reached, due to the central location of the Bildungshotel, in a 10 minute walk. The tram stop for public transportation is just in front of the Bildungshotel and offers a good connection to the main station of Essen.The hotel offers a free weekly bathroom cleaning service and changing of used linen and towels. Washing machines and dryer are provided for private use.
You can get active in a whole range of sports at the university.
Together with the ISIC Association and British Council IELTS, StudyPortals offers you the chance to receive up to £10000 to expand your horizon and study abroad. We want to ultimately encourage you to study abroad in order to experience and explore new countries, cultures and languages.


text: Hotel Selsky Dvur Hotel rating Quick Specs Commissions 10.0%Rates $103-$143Year Renovated 2013 View Large Interactive Map Address K Horkam 56Prague, Czech Republic 10200 Web http://www.hotelselskydvur.cz/en/ Phone + 420 271-751-940 Fax + 420 271-750-367 Toll-free Email email@example.com OverviewMeeting SpecsPhotos & videos Description Year Renovated: 2013Check in Time: 2:00 PMCheck out Time: 12:00 PMNumber of Floors: 3Total Number of Rooms: 30Rates: $103-$143Commissions: Room Only 10.0% GDS Hotel Reservation CodesAmadeus GDS: HS PRGAAOSabre GDS: KY 154533 Hotel Selsky Dvur Location & NeighborhoodNear Prague. 20 minutes from the city center. Tourist. Hotel Selsky Dvur Rates & PoliciesHotel Selsky Dvur rates are Daily in USDStandard: $103-$143 Credit Cards Are AcceptedReservations must be guaranteed with a credit cardMeals: Continental Plan Nearby AirportsVaclav Havel (12 miles northwest)Pardubice (53.75 miles east)Karlovy Vary Intl (72 miles west)More Airports » Hotel Selsky Dvur Room AmenitiesHotel Selsky Dvur amenities are in All rooms unless noted otherwiseRooms for Non-smokersTelephoneRefrigeratorInternet Access (Wireless) Guest ServicesLaundry/Dry Cleaning ServiceFree Onsite ParkingRoom ServiceCommon Area Internet Access (Wireless) Pet ServicesPets Allowed Nearby SightseeingNew Jewish Cemetery (Novy Zidovsky Hrbitov) (3.25 miles northwest)Vysehrad (4 miles northwest)Antonin Dvorak Museum (4 miles east)Museum of the City of Prague (4 miles northwest)Museum of Communism (4.25 miles northwest)More sightseeing »DiningHergetova Cihelna (3.50 miles northwest)Radost FX Cafe (4 miles northwest)Cafe Louvre (4 miles northwest)Cicala (4.50 miles northwest)SaSaZu (5 miles northwest)More dining options » On-Site RecreationHealth ClubHealth Spa/MassageNearby RecreationGolf CoursePool (Outdoor Pool)Shopping Mall/Area Hotel Selsky Dvur Meeting Rooms & Events3 Meeting Rooms holding 110 people.114 sq m of Meeting SpaceConference Hall49 sq m (3.5X14X3.5 m)Capacity: Theater- 40, Classroom- 18, Banquet- 36Lounge22 sq m (4.5X5X3 m)Capacity: Theater- 30, Classroom- 18, Banquet- 16Pergola42 sq m (3.5X12X4 m)Capacity: Theater- 40, Classroom- 20, Banquet- 30 Hotel Selsky Dvur Business ServicesMeeting Room Internet Access (Wireless) Hotel Selsky Dvur Images, Videos, & Virtual Tours Photos & Videos Hotel Selsky Dvur Exterior Hoteliers! Is your listing up to date? With over 130,000 hotels in our database, no other source compares to our depth of information. Click here to review and be sure the travel professional knows your hotel's latest details.


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At Freedom of Movement Pilates Studio we work tirelessly to provide our clients with the greatest health benefit and most satisfying exercise experience possible. We offer a wide variety of Pilates classes and options, no matter your age or abilities, so you can gain the maximum benefit for your precious time and money. Think about increasing your strength, flexibility and general health outlook with a Pilates Mat class or private Pilates Apparatus session. Whatever your goals Jennifer and team are standing by to welcome you and become an important part of your health and wellness routine.
About Freedom of Movement
Established in 2001, Freedom of Movement Pilates Studio is the first fully equipped studio to bring the authentic teachings of Joseph Pilates to the north central Massachusetts area.
Freedom of Movement is committed to offering a personalized and enriching fitness experience in a unique and supportive environment. The studio is also committed to providing a safe and peaceful haven to allow you the "freedom to move".
Freedom of Movement provides private and semi-private lessons using the Pilates apparatus as well as small group Mat classes with hands-on guidance. Private and semi-private lessons are scheduled by appointment. Mat classes are held daily, and are enrolled in by sessions. Morning, evening and weekend classes are available. Instruction & education are provided by professionally trained and certified instructors.
Follow Freedom of Movement on Facebook
Follow Jennifer and the Freedom of Movement Family on Facebook. Keep up-to-date on the latest Pilates and Fitness news and events.


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T.J. Auclair is a Senior Interactive Producer for PGA.com and has covered professional golf since 1998, traveling to over 60 major championships. You can follow him on Twitter, @tjauclair.
Phil Mickelson prepared to reduce schedule for good of his game
Series: Golf Buzz
Published: Monday, September 23, 2013 | 2:31 p.m.
Like most professional sports, it is a young man's game. Add in the fact that almost every tournament includes a Pro-Am event, sponsors and practice rounds, it can get to a what, 2 or 3 extra rounds of golf in one week?
It is understandable you would want to reduce your schedule. That arthritic condition is very unpredictable and painful. Here's hoping the new schedule will enable you to play well and often.
Max. I agree that Victor`s article is great... last tuesday I bought a gorgeous Citroën DS from earning $8788 thiss month and also 10/k this past month. this is really my favourite work I have ever done. I actually started four months/ago and almost immediately started bringing in more than $87 per-hour. you can look here............. WWW.YAD7.COM
It's impossible to play at your highest level when the mind and body are tired.
Good luck on your schedule next year. Have a good President Cup.
Love you skills


text: Sam Vilain wrote:> jamal wrote:>>> note: personally I'm absolutely not against virtualizing>>> the device names so that each guest can have a separate>>> name space for devices, but there should be a way to>>> 'see' _and_ 'identify' the interfaces from outside>>> (i.e. host or spectator context)>>>>>> >> Makes sense for the host side to have naming convention tied>> to the guest. Example as a prefix: guest0-eth0. Would it not>> be interesting to have the host also manage these interfaces>> via standard tools like ip or ifconfig etc? i.e if i admin up>> guest0-eth0, then the user in guest0 will see its eth0 going>> up.> > That particular convention only works if you have network namespaces and> UTS namespaces tightly bound. We plan to have them separate - so for> that to work, each network namespace could have an arbitrary "prefix"> that determines what the interface name will look like from the outside> when combined. We'd have to be careful about length limits.> > And guest0-eth0 doesn't necessarily make sense; it's not really an> ethernet interface, more like a tun or something.> > So, an equally good convention might be to use sequential prefixes on> the host, like "tun", "dummy", or a new prefix - then a property of that> is what the name of the interface is perceived to be to those who are in> the corresponding network namespace.> > Then the pragmatic question becomes how to correlate what you see from> `ip addr list' to guests.we could work on virtualizing the net interfaces in the host, map them toeth0 or something in the guest and let the guest handle upper network layers ?lo0 would just be exposed relying on skbuff tagging to discriminate trafficbetween guests.host | guest 0 | guest 1 | guest2----------------------+-----------+-----------+-------------- | | | | |-> l0 <-------+-> lo0 ... | lo0 | lo0 | | | | |-> bar0 <--------+-> eth0 | | | | | | |-> foo0 <--------+-----------+-----------+-> eth0 | | | | `-> foo0:1 <-------+-----------+-> eth0 | | | |is that clear ? stupid ? reinventing the wheel ?thanks,C.-To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" inthe body of a message to firstname.lastname@example.com majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.htmlPlease read the FAQ at http://www.tux.org/lkml/


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BI home
Welcome to IEEE Task Force on Behaviour and Social Informatics and Computing
Behavior Computing:
Modeling, Analysis, Mining and Decision
Longbing Cao, Philip S Yu (Eds.)
Springer, 2012
First dedicated source of references for the theory
Tutorial with IJCAI 2013: Behavior Informatics: Modeling, Analysis and Mining of Complex Behaviors, 4 August 2013, Beijing.
Call for papers for the two-day Workshop on Behavior and Social Informatics and Computing 2013 (BSIC2013) with IJCAI 2013.
Call for papers for the 4th Workshop on Social Network Analysis and Social Media Mining (SNSM2013) with DASFAA 2013.
Call for papers for the Workshop on Behavior and Social Informatics 2013 (BSI2013) with PAKDD 2013.
Call for submissions to the Special Issue on Behavior and Social Informatics with Journal of World Wide Web.
- Tutorial: Behavior Computing: Complex Behavior Modeling, Analysis and Mining, WI-IAT2012, 4 Dec 2012.
- 2012 Workshop on Behavior Informatics (BI2012) has been accepted by WI-IAT2012.
- The first dedicated reference to behavior informatics: Behavior Computing is available in Springer.
[Call for books]: Calls for edited books, monographs and so on to the Book Series: Advanced Studies on Behavior Informatics.
[Call for papers]: Call for papers to the 2012 International Workshop on Behavior Informatics (BI2012).


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Could you post a picture of it folded? Does it lock into place while folded?
Hoplophobia is a mental disturbance characterized by irrational aversion to weapons, as opposed to justified apprehension about those who may wield them. - Jeff Cooper
Club De Tir L'Acadie in st-jean sur richelieu, quebec. I don't go there anymore though, found something much better in Laval.


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Smooth Criminal
Friday, August 30, 2013
Bloodshed in Egypt
Hundreds were killed across Egypt today as security forces stormed the two protest camps in Cairo filled with supporters of ousted President Mohammed Morsi. Violence erupted in streets throughout the capital city and the country. A one month state of emergency across the country was declared and the interim vice president resigned. An Egyptian woman tries to stop a military bulldozer from hurting a wounded youth during clashes that broke out as Egyptian security forces moved in to disperse supporters of Egypt's deposed president Mohamed Morsi in a huge protest camp near Rabaa al-Adawiya mosque in eastern Cairo on August 14.
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Following a successful off-Broadway run, Jim Dale is bringing his one man show Just Jim Dale to the West End next month.
The production will open at the Vaudeville Theatre (where Jim made his West End musical debut in 1965 in The Wayward Way) on 28th May (previews from 26th May) for a limited season until 20th June 2015.
The Tony Award winner, two-time Grammy Award winner and two-time Academy Award nominee is best known in the UK for starring in eleven Carry On films and in the US for narrating the Harry Potter audiobook series and starring in the ABC series Pushing Daisies.
From starting out as the youngest professional comedian on the British Music Hall stage, Jim's career has been remarkably varied; he is a singer, dancer, comedian, Shakespearean actor, musical theatre star and raconteur. In Just Jim Dale, Jim takes audiences on a journey through an unequalled career in the theatre with a myriad of irresistible showbiz tales, songs and performances.
In 1970 Sir Laurence Olivier invited Jim to join the National Theatre as a leading actor. As well as originating the title role in Barnum opposite Glenn Close, Jim's Broadway credits include Scapino, Joe Egg, Me And My Girl, Candide and The Threepenny Opera. He also played Fagin in Oliver at the London Palladium in 1995.
I recently sat down with Jim to discuss how he knew the time was right to write Just Jim Dale and why he thinks the show will surprise people. We also talked about his incredible career, how he created Barnum's big entrance and why he doesn't have an agent... plus Miss Saigon's Richard Maltby Jr (director of Just Jim Dale) popped in for a chat...
I recently sat down with Jim to discuss how he knew the time was right to write Just Jim Dale and why he thinks the show will surprise people. We also talked about his incredible career, how he created Barnum's big entrance and why he doesn't have an agent... plus Miss Saigon's Richard Maltby Jr (director of Just Jim Dale) popped in for a chat...
Is a one man show something you had been thinking about doing for a while? I read somewhere that you first had the idea in 1973!
That's true! I'll tell you what, in 1973 I thought, 'Wow, I've been doing this since 1955 so that's twenty years of experience I could put into a one man show.' But now I realise I wouldn't have had much to put in it! I think it would have been nice to do this maybe ten years ago, I was probably more agile and could have done it for much longer… once I get that ramp leading up to the stage for a wheelchair in ten years we'll do it [laughs]. Anyway, the fact is after all these years there are obviously so many more memories and so many more things that have happened. In 1975 I was not who I am now; I thought I knew it all – that's what we all think in the early days, but then you realise that you're still learning.
How did you eventually know the time was right to do it?
It started when I said to my grandchildren "you don't know who I am" because they've lived over here most of their lives (Jim now lives and works in America). So I decided to write my memoirs and wrote 80,000 words but then my computer blew up and I lost 60,000 words, I only had 20,000 left. Luckily before that accident happened I had counted the words in every section which meant I had the headings to all the stories. I wrote it up again because it's easy to retell the truth – I wasn't making anything up. It was purely for the grandchildren to have this book, I didn't want it published. I wasn't telling stories in my book about my private, married life because that's not what my grandchildren would want to hear – they want to know what my life was like. From doing that I realised there was a possibility of a one man show, to show the progression of an artist.
Jim performing in Just Jim Dale
It's interesting because different people know you for doing very different things.
Exactly, a lot of the audience over here will purely know me from the Carry On films and that's fair enough, but they mustn't expect me to do two hours of Carry On Jim Dale. I'll be doing some of Carry On, but they're also going to see another Jim Dale up there, one they didn't know existed. I've done different things, over sixty years if an opportunity comes along it doesn't matter whether you're successful or a failure – try it, you never know until you do it! I've made a point of every time a challenge comes along, I take it. This one man show hasn't necessarily been about putting together memories, but things that have made me who I am today.
You premiered the show in America, did you have any idea how people would respond?
Well the first time we did it I had no idea that there would be an audience! I honestly had no idea! We were in the theatre and I was told there were 150 students out there, I said "Oh Christ, they don't know me from Adam!" I was told they were there because the faculty made them go to every show at the theatre and most of them will have walked out by the intermission. Anyway, it was the first time I ever did it and there was a standing ovation, then after the show I went into the café to get a coffee and they were all there and applauded. Then they asked if I could sit and talk to them because there was so much in the show that they didn't know about and they wanted more. So if I can do more than just make people laugh and make them go "wow, I didn't know that" I will be happy.
|Jim in Carry On Doctor Again (1969)
Have you made changes for London?
Yes, don't forget in America there is no such thing as the Carry On films! I couldn't even mention the Carry On films in America because I would have been wasting my time, but of course over here I will be talking about them and I'm more than thrilled to be talking about them because I've never talked about them before… so we're trying that out! We'll have to see if it works.
How do you feel about returning to the Vaudeville Theatre where you made your West End musical debut fifty years ago in The Wayward Way?
That's a long time ago… fifty years… wow! That was the year Churchill died and as a mark of respect people stayed away from the theatres so they stayed away from the Vaudeville and we had to come off. It killed a lot of shows! So he didn't just die, he took a few shows with him [laughs].
With a one man show the actor/audience relationship is so important; do you enjoy having to bounce off different audiences night after night?
Most young actors do all the lessons but the last thing they can do is actually stand up, on their own, face the audience and perform a Shakespeare play while breaking that fourth wall and communicating. There aren't many plays which allow a young actor to talk to the audience directly. However, if you've been a stand-up comedian in music hall every week you have to be able to perform to a different type of audience, sometimes to families and the manager would tell you all your material had to be clean. I think to be able to get an audience to roar with laughter is much harder when you're performing clean material rather than dirty material. Anyone can walk on stage and say "mother f****r" this "mother f****r" that and the audience will laugh, but they're not laughing at the comedic content. As a young comic I learnt a hell of a lot about making people laugh. Physical and visual comedy makes people laugh, for my entrance I used to be thrown on… or later on there would be a flight of stairs and I would make my entrance by doing a couple of somersaults down the steps. Then I'd get up and say, "What do you want, blood?" and I could feel the blood coming down my elbow because I had knocked it on something. It was hard! Every bone in my body was broken because I mistreated myself to get a laugh! They're called the good old days [laughs].
The variety of your career is absolutely incredible. A lot of actors want to do different things but become pigeonholed very easily.
You're right! I don't have an agent because they don't know what to do with me. There are certain actors in this world who go through life only playing certain parts but I was a different kettle of fish. What they say is 'Jack of all trades, master of none' – people want to think you can only be good at one thing. I've lost a dozen agents so I don't have an agent and I don't have a manager, nobody will look after me because I turn down all the crap they keep offering me.
"I have never been in a bad show because they were all carefully selected, I wouldn't change anything!"
A lot of people are too scared to turn things down.
It's because the agents are there to earn money from you! I don't want to go for the $20,000 job, I want to do the $100 a week job because it's a better part! I don't need agents anymore, I mean if you're an American producer and we've been working together for thirty-five years you can just ring me if you've got a great role and want to send me a script and I'll say yes or no.
So if a young actor came up to you now and said "I don't want to become pigeonholed, what should I do?" what advice would you give?
[pause] Well first of all you've got to have the passion to be willing to reject things that come along, rejecting is more important than accepting. You need to know what crap not to do. I guess there are people who have to take certain roles to earn money, but in my career I could earn money as a songwriter. That would subsidise my acting and then I would use the money I made from doing a film to subsidise the six months I had to wait for a play to be ready. It's not about going through your career thinking 'how much money can I make?' Nobody does it for the money… except certain people who we won't name [laughs].
Everybody who has worked with you says you are a master of storytelling which is perhaps why Just Jim Dale has been such a huge success. How have you cracked the secret? It's not something everybody can do.
With storytelling I think it's all in the timing and, of course, I've studied comedy. When somebody tells me a joke I've probably heard it before, but I'm listening to what they're adding to that joke and what is now making it boring instead of funny. If I can guess the ending of a joke before that person has finished telling it then they haven't told it right. You need to cut out everything and stick to the basics. Certain jokes are just brilliant short stories with a beginning, a middle and an end.
|Jim in Barnum on Broadway (1980)
You've starred in some huge musicals – the likes of Barnum and Me and My Girl. What is it like to look back at those experiences now? People think it's very glamorous but in reality it's tough!
Don't forget, we sort of set the standard I suppose. I wanted Barnum to be one of the most physical musicals ever. Reading the script I loved it and said I would do it – it said 'he runs across and climbs up to his wife in the balcony'. I looked at that and said "Let's get a little trampoline, put it at the bottom, put up a nail and I'll show you something." So eventually I ran at the trampoline, leaped up to the box and landed on that big nail, holding onto the edge of the box with Glenn Close and she gave me a kiss. That was Barnum's entrance and it showed you how physical the show was going to be. Obviously you had to keep that up throughout the whole show eight shows a week… I was down to about 135 pounds, it was terrible – I was just skin and bones. Then the problem was it was difficult for anyone to copy, the understudy said "I can't do it!"
And then I guess you must be asked all the time about Laurence Olivier inviting you to join the National Theatre as a leading actor. How do you even respond?
I mean can you imagine..?
No I can't!
It is fascinating because the whole show is talking about a young boy who's seven and had a dream and gradually things were happening to him… and as they happened I realised how lucky I was not to be in the same position as the other kids were in my small town who went on to work in factories or in the mines. I was so lucky to have got this big break… and then later on there was a bigger break and then an even bigger and bigger and it didn't stop! There were no flops; I haven't been in a play which has flopped, I think Candide was maybe the only flop but that wasn't anybody's own personal fault. I have never been in a bad show because they were all carefully selected, I wouldn't change anything! It has all taken sixty years but it has been a lovely journey.
At this point in the interview Jim and I were joined by Richard Maltby Jr who is the director of Just Jim Dale. Richard won the Tony Award for Best Music in 1978 for Ain't Misbehavin' and for Fosse in 1999. He is the co-lyricist of Miss Saigon and also conceived and directed Ring Of Fire: The Johnny Cash Musical Show.
|Richard Maltby Jr / Credit: Joan Marcus
Richard, you obviously watched the show many times in America. How do audiences respond?
Richard Maltby: In New York people came in expecting to have a good time, but not in any way were they prepared for the banquet that it was! I went out of my way to grab anybody who was remotely British and ask them what they thought British people would make of it [laughs]. After Nica (Burns, West End producer) watched it she said "Oh my god it's going to be better there! I got things that nobody else in the audience got". So we'll find out if that's true..! It's a masterclass in a way of performing that young actors don't even know about.
What is the atmosphere like when the two of you are working in the rehearsal room?
RM: Well the premise of this all began because I was asked by a friend if I would come in and help organise the show. I thought there were worse things than spending an hour or two with Jim Dale… and that's what happened!
Jim Dale: We were at my apartment…
RM: …and you just told me stories. There are worse jobs in the world than sitting down with Jim Dale for a few hours every day and listening to Jim Dale [laughs]!
How did you find the process of turning these stories into a show?
RM: The only impediment was that everything was delicious and wonderful – I wanted to use all of it. For this show there's at least an extra hour of material we could have put in.
JD: There was a whole section on pantomime that had to come out.
RM: That was a funny routine! After I had heard all these stories the issue was 'how does this become a show with an overall story?' It's what I have a name for doing and I noticed that at the basis of every story was music hall or music hall comedy. Jim, do you realise that every single story you told me had music hall or music hall comedy at its basis? Your career and your life is the history of British music hall comedy and how it went into pop songs, into the Carry On films, how it went into playwriting. When all is said and done the show isn't just this funny anecdote followed by that funny anecdote, it actually tells a story. People who live their lives don't always realise that their life is telling a story [laughs], but Jim's life does – he just needed someone from the outside to tell him that.
JD: It would have been impossible to do this without Richard telling me what the hell was coming across to the audience.
Jim performing in Just Jim Dale
But were you ok with him coming in and taking things out and structuring it for you?
JD: Well yes, we all need somebody in our lives to do that for us. Sometimes we need a little bit of a push, and if you can get the right person in your life or in your career then you're a very lucky man. It has happened two or three times in my life, and Richard is the latest who has enabled me to come up with something. I could not have done it on my own. A one man show takes teamwork – think about that, it's an oxymoron [laughs].
RM: [laughs] It takes a lot of people to do a one man show!
Interviewed by Andrew Tomlins (Editor)
Just Jim Dale opens at the Vaudeville Theatre on 28th May (previews from 26th May) for a limited season until 20th June 2015. Please visit www.justjimdale.com for further information and tickets.


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Hi, so I was going to my dads. We weren't going to be there long, just to pick some stuff up. While going there I was going I was playing the ipod that I got. I didn't want to leave it there so I left it in the car. He doesn't live in bad neighborhood or anything, I just felt paranoid. So I closed my eyes and imagined the air around it to form a shield(using air/wind energy, it was white and clear), then I used the humidity and imagined water condensing from it and forming a shield around it(it was transparent light blue/turquoise), then since fire can be created I imagined fire forming a shield around it(different shades of red and orange, kind of transparent), then I imagined energy flowing from the earth and a rock shield forming around it(transparent brown). I felt drained after that. I did the same with the car and doors of the apartment.
I also used it for a cough. I absorbed the elemental energies through my hands. Then I spread throughout my body. I had a cough, so I moved the water energy into my throat(because water is full of healing energies), then I moved the fire energy to my throat(healing flames), then I moved teh earth energy and saw(in my mind)green winding around it and a flower bloomed(healing herb), then I moved the air/wind energy and used it to direct air flow more smoothly, and it worked. My throat felt a little better and I stopped coughing for the time being and it started again like an hour later, when I was using the eneries again.
I want to know if there is a name for that(so I know what to study), or if I was just imagining. I dont think I was imagining it. Also (assuming its real) is there any way to train this besides just using it all the time, because it makes me really exhausted.
Also after I made the shields, I decided that no matter how exhausted I was I should use some more energy for my shields. So I used my chi, psi energy in the shields. Also I used a blue energy(I dont know what it is, its a different color than water energy, I always thought of it as magick energy). Just thought I'd ask if anyone knew what the third energy could be.
Please and Thank You


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It's a tip I've heard several times: Park Place, the large condo and office development in Saratoga Springs, is financially struggling and might even be at risk of foreclosure.
Yet Sonny Bonacio, the developer behind the project, dismisses the rumor, saying the project is actually doing well, especially considering the economy, with just 18 of the 63 condo units still up for sale.
Bonacio said the lender for Park Place, First Niagara Financial Group, is the same bank that's backing the planned Price Chopper complex on Railroad Place, where construction is set to begin this week.
Park Place is a block-long development on Broadway, adjacent to Congress Park. One unit in the project sold in 2009 for $1.98 million. (Photo by Paul Buckowski/TU)


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John Mara, CEO and co-owner of the New York Giants, has a 22-year-old nephew, also named John, that nearly beat a man to death during an argument at a Fairfield University party on New Year's Eve, according to the New York Post.
Mara reportedly bashed the victim over the head with a bottle so badly that doctors were forced to operate. The victim apparently "would have been dead" had he not sought medical attention. My god, was he wielding a 40 oz. of Old English? Sounds like your every day, run of the mill Oz cafeteria brawl.
Mara turned himself in to Fairfield police on Friday and has been charged with first-degree assault and breach of peace. He has since been released on $150,000 bond. [via NY Post]


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Nude men take shower together with each other and a sneaky spy
Description: What a pure pleasure to watch a bunch of cute and strong lads, being nude, with their lovely dicks dangling all around and tough pretty buttocks bouncing when guys move, splashing water and enjoying freshness of shower! And the best is that they don't have even a clue that being watched, and watched very careful! Enjoy!


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Here Are 13 Pictures of Fluffy Baby Cows to Brighten Your Day
Apple| | By YDD Contributor
Do you like cows? What about baby cows? Better yet, how about fluffy baby cows? Earlier this year, we brought you the story of a 2-year-old who helped her mom care for a newborn calf after its mother died. And their photos were absolutely adorable.
So, what is a better way to cure those workday blues than with a montage of fluffy baby cows? Let's kick things off with this little fella saying hello (by sticking his tongue out). What do you think she's looking at? We just want to cuddle this little guy up! She's still licking off the grass from dinnertime. But this one is still hungry! We can't tell if this is actually a small cow or a large dog. Look how well groomed he is! Let's name them: Cookies and Cream, Buttercup, Brownie and Gingersnap. You'll never have a better profile picture than her. This is the fluffiest one yet! Check out the comb over on Justin Bull-ber. How is this little one keeping itself on those even smaller legs!? And finally…the most beautiful fluffy baby cow there ever was… Bonus Calf:
Guide to Planning an Epic Road Trip
Taking a cross country road trip this summer? There's a lot of planning that goes into a road trip and it can be difficult to know where to start. From picking ...
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cataract cataract eye that can affect vision little or a lot, depending on its severity. It is believed that only the normal effects of aging, cataract affects mostly older adults, although family history or a congenital condition may put young people at risk as well.
Your lifestyle often changes dramatically, if you develop a cataract, you may not be able to read books or watch TV, your driving ability may be impaired at the time that it is not safe anymore, and you can deal with annoying ghosting or light sensitivity. It is not surprising that many people with cataracts choose refractive cataract surgery.
About refractive cataract surgery
Cataract surgery has been around for quite a while, and some things have not changed - like the fact that there is no way to remove a cataract from the lens without removing the lens itself. So during any cataract surgery, the patient's natural lens is replaced with a new, clear lens. Refractive Cataract Surgery, however, is relatively new, and its goal is a little more aggressive: to remove a cataract, as well as improving the patient's general vision. The end result is that many people who need glasses or contact before the operation may be able to throw them later, thanks to a new generation of intraocular lenses (IOL).
Selecting IOL
There are several versions of IOL available to patients today:
â € ¢ Crystalens is unique because it is attached directly to the ciliary muscle, which allows the eye muscles to move the lens. These IOLs to move naturally with your eyes, to give you a clear view of the objects at all distances. The â € ¢ Restor lenses contain zones in concentric circles, which allow the eyes to see the image clearly and near and far. The â € ¢ the Tecnis, as the ReSTOR It has several concentric rings for distance viewing. It is also collapsible, it allows the surgeon to insert it through a small incision.
Your surgeon will go to the pros and cons of each IOL and help you decide what is appropriate for your anatomy and lifestyle.
Additional advantages of index cataract surgery
Removing cloudiness associated with cataracts, of course, the main goal of cataract surgery. But with today's IOL refractive cataract surgery can also help with myopia and hyperopia, as well as the following conditions are met:
â € ¢ presbyopia. This condition is affecting everyone, starting in middle age, making it hard to focus on objects up close. All lenses above, especially the Crystalens, offer treatment of presbyopia. The â € ¢ Astigmatism.


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Chat Box Chicks ~ Welcoming the New Year!
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Join Date: May 2006
Location: So. Oregon
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home, I am finally home.
gma was up today for a bit and is doing a little better the verdict at the moment is AR ( which I think is some kind of arthritis) but, not sure. they've got her on pain pills and steroids for that. and she is officially type one full blown diabetic now. ( has to have insulin shots. ) so.
they are now thinking monday to be released. her thursday appointment up north has been canceled / postponed and gotta make it to her hair girl tomorrow to get her
( standing friday appointment set aside again)
she's making more sense to me each day.
J actually fed her some ice cream while we were there I was really amazed and a little proud of him. ( when she was in for the surgery a few years ago he told me I was never allowed to be hospitalized and that he would never go in one again)
I managed to find sugar free candy ( but not in her favorite shoot the musketeers kind ) and some dry shampoo. ( hopefully the stuff works it costs a mint )
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some people are surprised when they learn that i was born and raised in north carolina. i think this is because there are some common misperceptions about southern women, i.e. southern women are genteel, we say things like "well, i declare!", wear white kid gloves to drink our mint juleps and we are never, ever assertive about what we want. in my case, the correct answer is d. none of the above.
but one perception about southern women that is true is that we can coat our sneakiness in sticky sweet syrup so you'll never know what hit you over the head. case in point, the story of how my long-time friend (and college roommate) lauren met her husband. a couple of months ago, when the dubyuhnell girls got together in lexington (our college town), i round-robined my girlfriends for their meat cute stories. when lauren's turn came, she started out by summarizing her meat cute with her husband matt as a "cavewoman" approach. or as she put it oh-so-delicately, there was "some dragging involved".
i've known lauren, otherwise known as "paxton" (her maiden name) since we went to rival high schools in north carolina. we knew of each other through mutual acquaintances, but didn't get to know each other until we both visited washington & lee the same weekend during our senior year of high school. after that brief introduction, i wasn't sure i'd ever be friends with paxton, as she had decided to enroll at unc instead. but as fate would have it, somewhere between sending in her acceptance letter and matriculation, paxton decided instead to enroll at dubyuhnell. over the next four years, paxton and i became sorority sisters, close friends and eventually housemates. senior year, when paxton and i (with our other good friend amanda) lived in "charlies" (see reference: charlie's angels, the remake version...get it?), the three of us spent quite a bit of time concocting ideas that combined boys + booze (and sometimes playgrounds). these ideas can really only be described as "shenanigans" as we southern girls would say. one of our favorites was the game of drunk jenga (if you've never played, you really should. it has a tendency to lead to some interesting outcomes...)
another of our favorite activities during senior year was weekly bowling night at the local alley, followed by several rounds of drinks at our local bar, the palms. i still have pictures and stories from these bowling + bar nights that only those who were there are allowed to see and know. during alumni weekend of our senior year in college, paxton met matt during one such of these nights because a mutual friend happened to be dating his roommate. amanda, our other roommate, ever the outspoke one (she is NOT a southern girl, but rather, a self-priding "yankee girl") commented that "law school guys are such dorks" after paxton relayed that she had met a cute law school boy. such was the type of generalization that we snotty undergrad girls were prone to. see, dubyuhnell was a school all about divides and one of those was the divide between the awesome, hard-partying undergrads and the not-so-awesome, more hard-working law school students. paxton happened to be one of the few who could bridge that divide and she had decided to spend not just four, but an additional three years in lexington as both an undergrad and law school student.
a couple of weeks later, paxton ran into matt again at the palms (did i mention that our college town is super small?). this time, looking for a reason to continue talking to paxton, matt offered to give her some advice on the law student's experience and gave her his email. paxton didn't think much of matt's offer at the time...in fact, she was convinced he had given her a fake email! it wasn't until paxton matriculated at w&l law a few months later that she met matt again. this time, it was a game of drunken jenga (such an amazing game for so many different reasons!) that bonded them. drunk jenga led to a shots challenge (a truism: southern girls will rarely back down from a shot) which then led to "cavewoman" and eventually to the rest...
lauren and matt were married in lexington, va, in june of 2006.
when i asked paxton about her and matt's meat cute meal, she responded that it was bacon. erm...what? as a north carolina girl, i love pork in all its various forms (especially pulled pork!) more than most. but an entire meal of just bacon?! lauren explained that she and matt had once decided to cook a pound of bacon in as many different ways as possible. for example, elvis style, with peanut butter. or classic southern style, as in bacon biscuits. when it comes to food, i am smitten when a meal or dish can combine some of my favorite flavors and textures in one, so for paxton + matt's meat cute meal, i decided to try chocolate covered bacon. i have long loved bacon flavored chocolate (vosges has an amazing version) but i had never thought to make bacon the dominant ingredient. what i love about this is that it's super duper easy. being totally honest (and perhaps true to the inspiration), i made this when i was oh-so-mildly hungover (it's a great remedy!). luckily, my version was incredibly easy - i simply melted some chocolate (i like cadbury chocolate bars the best for this purpose. also, the "fancy" way to melt chocolate is in a double boiler, but the microwave just works as well if you watch to make sure the chocolate doesn't burn) and coated the pre-cooked bacon in it. for those of you who like the challenge, here's a recipe for bacon fudge that probably looks more impressive than my version but i'm pretty sure the bacony-chocolate goodness is the same no matter how you combine these two infatuating/ed food ingredients...


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involves a twenty-six-year-old-man in a (eventual) relationship with a seventeen year old. warning you now so I don't have to later.
He was slightly surprised that he wasn't more tired at work during the day. Night after night, Jeremy Bennenfield found himself awake, thinking, making mental lists of what he had to do the next day. And wondering. Wondering what life would be like without his thirteen-year-old son and three-year-old daughter. He would never give them up, but damn him if he didn't ever wish he had help.
Crying broke him from his routine thoughts, and he sighed. A quarter after four in the morning. He had gone to bed six hours ago, and he was still awake. The worst part? His alarm was set for six, and it was only an hour and forty-five minutes away.
"Hold on, Autumn, I'll be there in a minute…" he climbed out of bed, wishing he would never had gotten involved with Melanie Hojo, the school slut of his time, causing him to have never finished high school, which ultimately resulted in him getting a GED at age nineteen, and scoring a job at Wal-Mart as Jeremy the Star Cashier.
Jeremy trudged into the hallway, peeking in the living room at his son Darren. He ran a hand over his face with a sigh. At least he could take care of himself…mostly.
"Autumn…" he whispered, closing the door quickly so her sobbing wouldn't wake up her brother.
"I had a-a bad dream," she managed between sobs, voice cracking, hyperventilating with every breath. It was a horrible sound, and Jeremy gathered her into his arms, not asking because he wasn't sure if he wanted to know, and also because he didn't want her to have to relive it.
"Shh…" he held her, rocking the three-year-old until she drifted back to sleep. Jeremy tucked her back in, leaving as silently as he could, heading to the living room with another sigh.
Without a glance to the television, he shook Darren softly from his slumber. "Sit up," he ordered gently, waiting as the boy sat up, checking the time quickly.
"I, uh…couldn't sleep," he said sheepishly. "It's been a long week," he watched as his son swallowed, beginning a laugh and ending it abruptly. "So I should be sleeping, not awake, talking about not sleeping…"
"You were," Jeremy pointed out, curiously eyeing his son. "Is everything alright? You've been really…distant lately,"
"Darren swallowed again and sat up straighter. "Yeah. Fine. Peachy,"
Still unconvinced but too weak to push it any farther, he sighed as he stood up. "Okay…but if you want to talk…" Jeremy smiled when the boy nodded. "Okay. G'night,"
"Night, Dad," he closed the door to his bedroom, sighing at the size. Time after time, Jeremy had attempted to switch places with Darren – let the younger male take his bed while he slept on the couch. It hurt him, how every time he brought it up, Darren told him to let it go – that he was comfortable in the living room.
"I worry, Darren…if a robber…" he would say, only to be answered with "I can defend myself, Dad. Stop worrying,"
Half an hour later, he finally fell asleep, well aware of his growing headache and that in an hour, he'd have to wake up.
The first chapter of the rewrite…short, but…maybe it's more like a prologue…I like it more than the original, MUCH more, though, so...And I'm well aware that Jeremy's name changed. And Melanie's last name, Hojo, was provided by my cousin – the obsessed anime nerd she is. (love you!)