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Canalization and the nervous system
Citation: Niven JE (2004) Channelling Evolution. PLoS Biol 2(1): e19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020019
Published: January 20, 2004
Copyright: © 2004 Jeremy E. Niven. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abbreviation: Hsp90, heat shock protein 90
Individuals within a wild population show remarkably little morphological variation, given the amount of environmental variation they encounter during development and the amount of genetic variation within the population. This phenotypic constancy led to the proposal that individuals were somehow buffered, or canalized, against genetic and environmental variation (Waddington 1942). Clearly, such a mechanism would have important evolutionary consequences; because natural selection acts upon phenotypic variation within a population, canalization first appears to reduce the evolvability of the trait upon which it is acting (Gibson and Wagner 2000). However, canalization also reduces the effects of new mutations (which may be deleterious), potentially allowing individuals to store this genetic variation without suffering the consequences. If canalization breaks down due to genetic or environmental circumstances, then the stored genetic variation will be released, providing an additional substrate for natural selection. In this way, individuals could potentially undergo large, rapid phenotypic changes.
Experiments in both Drosophila and Arabidopsis have suggested that Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90), a member of a family of proteins expressed at high temperatures (heat shock), may be an excellent candidate for bringing about canalization (Rutherford and Lindquist 1998; Queitsch et al. 2002). Several features of Hsp90 suggest that it is an evolutionary buffer, capable of hiding and then releasing genetic variation: (1) individuals heterozygous for mutations in Hsp83 (the gene encoding Hsp90) show increased levels of morphological abnormalities; (2) individuals treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of Hsp90 show severe morphological abnormalities; (3) the normal function of Hsp90 is to stabilise the tertiary structure of signal transduction molecules involved in developmental pathways; and (4) this function may be compromised by environmental factors, e.g., heat shock.
Gene Networks Generate Canalization
Hsp90 may not, however, be uniquely placed to act as an evolutionary buffer producing canalization. Recent theoretical work has suggested that canalization may be an emergent property of complex gene networks and may not require specific mechanisms of protein stabilisation and environmental coupling such as those provided by Hsp90 (Siegal and Bergman 2002). Siegal and Bergman (2002) proposed that when a network is compromised by 'knocking out' one of several genes, buffering may be lost or compromised, releasing variation that was hidden in the intact network. To test this, Bergman and Siegal (2003) used numerical simulations of a complex network of ten genes in which each gene is capable of influencing the expression of other genes as well as itself (Figure 1A). This network essentially defines the genotype of the individuals within the population, and the amount of gene expression at equilibrium defines the phenotype. Comparison of populations founded by either wild-type individuals or those with a single gene 'knockout' revealed much higher levels of phenotypic variation in populations derived from the 'knockouts'.
(A) Each gene (horizontal arrow) is regulated by the products of the other genes by means of upstream enhancer elements (boxes). The strength and direction of regulation (depicted as different colour saturation levels) are a function of both the upstream element and the abundance of its corresponding gene product.
(B) A similar representation of a putative network for activity-dependent ion channel regulation in a neuron in which Ca2+ concentration acts as a feedback mechanism.
(C) The mechanism of ion channel compensation in a neuron. The activity of the neuron is dependent upon its synaptic inputs and the suite of ion channels it expresses. Mutation of a gene encoding an ion channel leads to a change in the properties of that channel (depicted as a change in colour saturation) and hence to an increase in activity and internal Ca2+ (purple). These changes induce a compensatory increase in the expression of another ion channel (red) to restore the original level of activity.
Thus, populations derived from 'knockouts' express phenotypic variation that was not expressed by the wild-type network, suggesting that any of the genes within the network may buffer genetic variation. This suggests that at least one aspect of generating evolutionary buffering is not unique to Hsp90. But can genes that, unlike Hsp90, are not conditional upon the environment act as evolutionary buffers? To test this, Bergman and Siegal (2003) simulated a gene network that incorporated a mutation process in which single genes may be 'knocked out' and then, at a later time, restored. The simulated populations were allowed to evolve whilst being selected for an optimum phenotype (i.e., the populations were exposed to an environment in which a particular phenotype was optimal). A new optimum phenotype was then specified in which the expression of three of the ten network genes changed from on to off or vice versa (i.e., there was a shift in the environmental conditions favouring a different phenotype). Populations evolving with the mutation process reached the new optimum before populations without the mutation process. Thus, the 'knockout' mutations were clearly beneficial because they sped up adaptation to a new phenotypic optimum by releasing hidden genetic variation, thereby providing a new substrate upon which natural selection may act. Yet these mutations were not coupled to the new environment, suggesting that the release of the hidden genetic variation does not have to be linked to an environmental change in order to be beneficial.
The simulations described by Bergman and Siegal (2003) suggest that the key properties of an evolutionary buffer, the ability to store and then release genetic variation in response to environmental or genetic change, are not unique to Hsp90. Indeed, the simulations suggest that evolutionary buffering may be a widespread property of gene networks. They also suggest that the hidden genetic variation does not have to be revealed by an environmental change, but can be produced by a gene 'knockout'. These results may go some way to explain the original observation by Waddington (1942) of phenotypic constancy, yet many questions remain (Stearns 2003). One of the major outstanding questions must be whether it is possible to verify these results experimentally. Bergman and Siegal (2003) used data from the yeast Sacchromyces cerevisiae, in which each gene may be 'knocked out' in turn and the expression of the remaining genes determined, to demonstrate that their simulations also had application to biological gene networks. Using these data, they showed that 'knockouts' show greater variability in gene expression than wild-type yeast, suggesting that buffering has been disrupted.
Ion Channels as Evolutionary Buffers
Given the results of Bergman and Siegal (2003), it should be possible to find gene networks in which the elimination of single genes reveals variation in gene expression and hence in phenotype. One class of gene network that may conform to the structure outlined by Bergman and Siegal (2003) is that of the gene networks regulating ion channel expression in neurons. Neurons contain an array of voltage-dependent Na+ and K+ channels as well as numerous Cl−, Ca2+, and voltage-independent leak channels. The electrical properties of a single neuron are dependent, though not exclusively, upon the suite of ion channels expressed within that neuron. The properties of a neural network, which generates behaviour, are determined both by the intrinsic expression patterns of ion channels within neurons and the connectivity between neurons. The nervous system develops as an interaction between experience and genetically programmed events. One mechanism by which this interaction is achieved is ion channel compensation (Turrigiano 1999); individual neurons can change their sensitivity to inputs by altering the relative proportion of ion channels, enabling them to maintain stable properties in the face of changing experience (Turrigiano et al. 1994; Brickley et al. 2001; Maclean et al. 2003; Niven et al. 2003a) (Figure 1B).
Many studies of ion channel 'knockouts' show relatively little change in overall neuronal activity, although predictions based upon pharmacological blockade of the ion channels suggest there should be a more severe phenotypic change (Marder and Prinz 2002). Subsequent work has shown that the loss of an ion channel may often be compensated by a change in the expression of other ion channels. For example, the neurons upon which I work are Drosophila photoreceptors. In these neurons, loss of the one particular ion channel leads to compensatory changes in other ion channels linked to the activity of the neuron to restore the ability to process visual information (Niven et al. 2003a, 2003b). However, these changes do not restore the original phenotype completely, and the compensated photoreceptors still show a reduced ability to process visual information. In many neurons, it appears that the intracellular Ca2+ concentration acts as an internal sensor of neural activity (Marder and Prinz 2002). Ca2+, along with other second messengers, may influence the expression of genes encoding ion channels, allowing their expression to be coupled to neural activity (Berridge 1998) (Figure 1B and 1C). Additionally, activity-independent mechanisms of ion channel compensation have been described in which the expression of one ion channel is linked to the expression of other opposing ion channels within a neuron (Maclean et al. 2003). These two systems of activity-dependent and activity-independent ion channel compensation bear a close resemblance to the gene network simulated by Bergman and Siegal (2003) in which each gene regulates its own expression and that of other network genes.
It is possible, therefore, that the networks of genes regulating ion channel expression may act as evolutionary buffers. The relationship between neural activity and the network of ion channel encoding genes may stabilise the neural activity in relation to both the genetic and environmental variation. The stabilisation of neural activity may have consequences for the generation of adaptive behaviour, which is constructed from neural activity. It is possible that ion channels could canalize the evolution of the nervous system by reducing behavioural variation and therefore removing the substrate on which natural selection may act. For example, changes in voltage-dependent Na+ channel properties (such as the activation voltage) may be compensated for by regulating the expression of other ion channels. 'Knockout' of one of these compensating ion channels may reveal the change in voltage-dependent Na+ channel properties, resulting in a shift in the output of the neuron. This hypothesis has several testable predictions. For example, 'knocking out' an ion channel should increase the variation in the activity of particular neurons among individuals in a population. This variation in neural activity may produce an effect on the behaviour of the whole organism.
Studying canalization in ion channel gene networks may have significant advantages over studying developmental gene networks because it is relatively straightforward to measure the amounts of ion channels expressed in single identified neurons, to alter the expression of individual ion channels, and to relate these alterations to behaviour. I am currently pursuing the impact of ion channel compensation in Drosophila photoreceptors (Niven et al. 2003a, 2003b, 2003c). In this system, changes in ion channel expression produce changes in the coding of visual information, which may lead to behavioural differences. The possible role of ion channel compensation in canalizing the evolution of the nervous system may have important implications not just for understanding this system, but also for understanding the contribution of ion channel compensation to the function of the nervous system and its evolution.
Thanks to Simon Laughlin, Adrian Friday, and Mike Bate for helpful comments and discussions on a previous version of this manuscript. During this work JEN was supported by a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council grant to Simon B. Laughlin.
- 1. Bergman A, Siegal ML (2003) Evolutionary capacitance as a general feature of complex gene networks. Nature 424: 549–552.A. BergmanML SiegalEvolutionary capacitance as a general feature of complex gene networks.Nature2003424549552
- 2. Berridge M (1998) Neuronal calcium signalling. Neuron 21: 13–26.M. BerridgeNeuronal calcium signalling.Neuron1998211326
- 3. Brickley SG, Revilla V, Cull-Candy SG, Wisden W, Farrant M (2001) Adaptive regulation of excitability by a voltage-independent potassium conductance. Nature 409: 88–92.SG BrickleyV. RevillaSG Cull-CandyW. WisdenM. FarrantAdaptive regulation of excitability by a voltage-independent potassium conductance.Nature20014098892
- 4. Gibson G, Wagner G (2000) Canalization in evolutionary genetics: A stabilizing theory? Bioessays 22: 372–380.G. GibsonG. WagnerCanalization in evolutionary genetics: A stabilizing theory?Bioessays200022372380
- 5. Maclean JN, Zhang Y, Johnson BR, Harris-Warrick RM (2003) Activity-independent homeostasis in rhythmically active neurons. Neuron 37: 109–120.JN MacleanY. ZhangBR JohnsonRM Harris-WarrickActivity-independent homeostasis in rhythmically active neurons.Neuron200337109120
- 6. Marder E, Prinz AA (2002) Modeling stability in neuron and network function: The role of activity in homeostasis. Bioessays 24: 1145–1154.E. MarderAA PrinzModeling stability in neuron and network function: The role of activity in homeostasis.Bioessays20022411451154
- 7. Niven JE, Vähäsöyrinki M, Kauranen M, Hardie RC, Juusola M (2003a) The contribution of Shaker K+ channels to the information capacity of Drosophila photoreceptors. Nature 421: 630–634.JE NivenM. VähäsöyrinkiM. KauranenRC HardieM. JuusolaThe contribution of Shaker K+ channels to the information capacity of Drosophila photoreceptors.Nature2003a421630634
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Niven JE, Vähäsöyrinki M, Kauranen M, Juusola M, Weckström M (2003b) Robustness and fragility of information in Drosophila photoreceptors. In: Proceedings of the 29th Göttingen Neurobiology Conference. Göttingen, Germany: pp. 12–15.JE NivenM. VähäsöyrinkiM. KauranenM. JuusolaM. WeckströmRobustness and fragility of information in Drosophila photoreceptors.In: Proceedings of the 29th Göttingen Neurobiology Conference2003b Göttingen, Germany1215June 2003. June 2003.
- 9. Niven JE, Vähäsöyrinki M, Juusola M (2003c) Shaker K+ channels are predicted to reduce the metabolic cost of neural information in Drosophila photoreceptors. Proc Roy Soc (Lond) B (Supp) Biol Lett 1: 58–61.JE NivenM. VähäsöyrinkiM. JuusolaShaker K+ channels are predicted to reduce the metabolic cost of neural information in Drosophila photoreceptors.Proc Roy Soc (Lond) B (Supp) Biol Lett2003c15861
- 10. Queitsch C, Sangster TA, Lindquist S (2002) Hsp90 as a capacitor of phenotypic variation. Nature 417: 618–624.C. QueitschTA SangsterS. LindquistHsp90 as a capacitor of phenotypic variation.Nature2002417618624
- 11. Rutherford SL, Lindquist S (1998) Hsp90 as a capacitor for morphological evolution. Nature 396: 336–342.SL RutherfordS. LindquistHsp90 as a capacitor for morphological evolution.Nature1998396336342
- 12. Siegal ML, Bergman A (2002) Waddington's canalization revisited: Developmental stability and evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99: 10528–10532.ML SiegalA. BergmanWaddington's canalization revisited: Developmental stability and evolution.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2002991052810532
- 13. Stearns SC (2003) Safeguards and spurs. Nature 424: 501–504.SC StearnsSafeguards and spurs.Nature2003424501504
- 14. Turrigiano GG (1999) Homeostatic plasticity in neural networks: The more things change the more they stay the same. Trends Neurosci 22: 221–227.GG TurrigianoHomeostatic plasticity in neural networks: The more things change the more they stay the same.Trends Neurosci199922221227
- 15. Turrigiano GG, Abbott LF, Marder E (1994) Activity-dependent changes in the intrinsic properties of cultured neurons. Science 264: 974–977.GG TurrigianoLF AbbottE. MarderActivity-dependent changes in the intrinsic properties of cultured neurons.Science1994264974977
- 16. Waddington CH (1942) Canalization of development and the inheritance of acquired characters. Nature 150: 563–565.CH WaddingtonCanalization of development and the inheritance of acquired characters.Nature1942150563565


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UK IB install - Fi Audio IB3 12" + DLS A6 + Helix P-DSP + Vibe Litebox
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Drives: E92 335D
Join Date: Mar 2012
Location: East Midlands, UK
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UK IB install - Fi Audio IB3 12" + DLS A6 + Helix P-DSP + Vibe Litebox
Finally I have got my car to the stage I was thinking of, it's been a long journey! Here are some pics and some general feedback. I got the car back on Friday but it was a horrible weekend with getting a puncture 70 miles from home.
Firstly I want to thank MrSingh for doing a really good install. Left the car with him Wednesday night and got it back Friday night. It was cold and rainy but got most of it done! A few bits and pieces still to do as I needed the car back on Friday.
My first impression was that the sub plays amazingly low
clean. The bass just sounds like its filling the whole car, like you're bathing in bass. My previous subs (very long time ago) were totally different experiences. My initial worries of it not having enough SPL are now gone.
The Fi is currently crossed over at 60ish Hz 12db Butterworth and 20Hz 6db Butterworth. There is more than enough output for me as at the moment I have the sub output level turned down to -7db on the P-DSP, and on some tracks it sounds perfect, some way too much. This might be because the DLS gains are set to optimum (870w @ 2 ohm). This may be an excuse to go fully active up front in the future to get more headroom. I also really need to get the sub control sorted out, which is just a case of getting the components as I have the schematics from Helix. At the moment I either have to use the OEM base level or get my laptop out.
My plan is to spend the next week or so listening to how different tracks sound. The EQ is completely flat and currently no TA, i'll try and do TA some time. I'm going to keep the crossovers that were set up by Am but these may change. My ears have been listening to stock rears
, on HU power, for the past 2 months so I want to get used to the sound before changing anything. Then i'll try experimenting!
I think the mid to high frequencies definately need to be EQd. It doesn't sound bad but its using the factory EQ. So at the moment it doesn't sound as good as what the MS-8 was able to do. This will be a big challenge for me but hopefully I will get there one day having fun along the way!
Things I need to do now are deaden the rear as I can hear slight rattle on some tracks. Its very quiet but annoying. I also need to get a bigger fuse at the battery as it blew once (currently 60A) and give some ventilation to the DLS, which would only involve cutting a hole underneath the rack for its internal fan. At the moment its screwed down on a piece of wood with no air around it. After 1.5-2 hours of continuous play it gets way too hot to touch and it went into protection mode once. This may also be because of the small fuse at the battery. I am also thinking of upgrading the power wiring to 0AWG to the distribution block and 2AWG to the DLS if possible.
So there are a few bits and pieces that still need to be done but all in all an excellent result. Here are some pics. Before any of you say, yes my boot is dirty due to numerous trips to the waste dump!
The baffle made by MrSingh:
Baffle and sub installed:
Helix and Litebox. Mr Singh unfortunately ran out of his tie cables so the duck tape is just temporary!
A few more pics of the baffle:
The amp rack, which needs a bit of carpeting to finish it off:
Amp rack covered:
Underneath the amp rack:
From inside. This was taken just after the sub was installed so still a bit dusty, still need to put the logo on!
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Swing Canaries
- Artist: Raison d'Etre
- Format: CD
- Release Date: 11/18/2008
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The Swing Canaries--Bertielou, Vickie Lynn, and Violet Rae--are actually the women of the folk trio, Raison d'Etre: Roberta Schultz, Vickie Ellis and Violet Rae Downey. While Violet Rae and Roberta are siblings and have sung together for most of Violet's life, Vickie joined the musical family almost two decades ago, becoming a sister-in-song. And as Violet Rae always says, 'Mom likes her best!' The Swing Canaries were born on the 50th Anniversary of D Day celebration at the Cincinnati Museum Center's exhibit, 'Cincinnati Goes to War.' Learning the songs made popular by harmony groups such as the Andrews Sisters, the Dinning Sisters, the King Sisters and the Girls of the Golden West has given the women of this vocal trio a whole new sense about the way music weaves golden threads of memory into life's tapestry. So, if you once danced to these tunes, heard your mom sing them, or just love some good songs from a powerful era in music, the Swing Canaries invite you to take a 'sentimental journey' of your own. Roberta Schultz on vocals, guitar, 6 string mandolin and Martin acoustic bass. Vickie Ellis on vocals, keyboard, banjo and banjuke. Violet Rae Downey on vocals, guitar, and percussion. Bruce Ellis on snare. Chris Philpotts on soprano sax.


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Thoughtful and informative, this essay is an analysis of the basis and nature of human rights. Arguing that human rights is an issue that is often invoked but seldom intelligently considered, this record examines concrete, immediate, moral, and social issues, including birth control, taxation, welfare, private behavior, and military service. Noting the inadequacies of non-Christian positions, such as the radical-humanist, utilitarian, and self-realization approaches, this account develops an original thesis in which the absolute ground for rights is the will and grace of God.


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HAMMOND- BROWN(-NIGHTINGALE,) Phoebe
Searching for information and descendants of Phoebe HAMMOND whom married____BROWN?? She was born about 1858 Scotland but also resided in England ...Her Parents were Thomas & Mary NIGHTINGALE HAMMOND. Phoebe once known to have resided in Cleveland,OHIO area...then???On one census, she had a dauthter..but the first name is hard to make out--looks something like: Baudness or Beatress Hammond and listed as step-daughter so ___BROWN must have been the 2nd spouse of Phoebe possibly. Her parents, Thomas & Mary settled in New CAstle,PA Lawrence County.
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Monika Strack wrote:
please. Monika, tell me why: on my machine working with mozilla 1.7.x and firefox 1.0.x i can easily open pdf_files withHallo,yesterday I installed acroread 7.0-0sarge0.1, since I don't can open pdf-documents in Mozilla or firefox. The document is load, but acroread not start. With the Version 7.0-0sarge0.0 it has work.regards Monika
/usr/bin/xpdf or /usr/bin/kghostview. would you be so kind and be more specific? thnx kind regards, groet'n steef, groningen


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P2P (peer-to-peer) filesharing site LimeWire has finally been shut down, due to an injunction from a U.S. district court in New York, ending a long battle between the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and Lime Group, who owns and operates LimeWire. LimeWire is now illegal.
"This is an official notice that LimeWire is under a court-ordered injunction to stop distributing and supporting its file-sharing software. Downloading or sharing copyrighted content without authorization is illegal," reads the announcement on the front page of the LimeWire web site.
The LimeWire shut down comes as a result of the court case that ended in May of this year, in which U.S. District Judge Kimba Wood ruled that LimeWire and Mark Gorton had committed copyright infringement, engaged in unfair competition and induced users to commit copyright infringement with the software. This doesn't even include the still-pending lawsuit from the National Music Publishers Association.
The lawsuit was filed by 13 record labels: Warner Bros, Arista, Capitol Records and more claimed that LimeWire users were able to exchange copies of more than 3,000 of their copyrighted recordings.
LimeWire enabled its users to search for music and other content via the Bittorrent and Gnutella networks. By some counts, LimeWire had as many as 50 million users. This represents another blow for so-called "freeloaders," as users who seek out free downloads on the Internet are sometimes called. The shut down of both Pirate Bay and OiNK essentially offered the same blow.
"We are out of the file-sharing business, but you can make it known that other aspects of our business remain ongoing," Lime Group spokesperson Tiffany Guaraccia said when speaking to Associated Press (AP).
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The lights are on
We're rerunning our full magazine cover story on Destiny from the January 2014 issue, without addition or change, so that fans who may have missed the story the first time around can have a chance to check it out. We'll share additional info on Destiny as soon as new details emerge from Bungie HQ. You can read the complete cover story below, but we're also happy to announce that we've now made our entire January issue free on iPad, which includes all of the assets and special interactive features that were part of our original Destiny cover story.
To get your free copy of the Destiny digital issue, download the free Game Informer iOS app, open it, tap the Library tab at the bottom of the screen, and then tap the download button next to the Destiny issue.
For over a year, gamers have known about Destiny. The upcoming sci-fi epic is the next big thing from Bungie, a studio that helped to shape the last two console generations with its Halo series. But for all that time in the public consciousness, Destiny has remained a project defined more by questions than answers. Ask three different fans, and you'll get three different answers about what the game is – a shooter, an MMO, an RPG. In truth, Destiny is one of the most audacious and risky projects ever attempted in gaming. We should know. We played it, and then dug deep with every branch of the development team to push past the generalizations and get to a concrete answer of what exactly this game is all about.
The shortest answer is that Destiny is an action-focused shooter. Throughout our days visiting Bungie's sprawling 85,000 square foot studio, different members of the team tell us the same thing. Destiny's core gameplay is rooted in the studio's experience with Halo, and our time playing various sections of the game bears that description out. Destiny presents a tight loop of one action scene after another fighting against varied enemies, with lots of toys to make the experience distinct each time. In our experience, Destiny never loses sight of its fundamentals – fast, reactive, and intense first-person combat. But from this core it expands in bold new directions. "We're trying to build a game that we have wanted to play that doesn't exist," says Bungie co-founder and design director Jason Jones. "I think that's really the genesis of Destiny. When you look out at the shooter experiences on consoles, there are a lot of great action experiences, but they're only starting to scratch the surface of cooperative play, aspirational goals, and player-to-player -interaction."
What sets Destiny apart is its ambition. On top of its shooter essence, Bungie is layering those other features that have made the project so hard to define. Characters level up along branching upgrade trees, story plays a central role in everything you do, and personalization of character appearance, gear, and vehicles is vital, just like in role-playing games. Its persistent world and multitude of ways to play with other people call to mind the MMO genre. "MMO is a loaded term; it always puts some mental image in people's heads about what the game is," says technical art director Ryan Ellis. "Our game is different, and kind of hard to describe, which is why we don't use that term. But I do think that people who like that sort of thing are going to find things to love in this game."
The scope of Destiny is suitably impressive to warrant its presumptive role as a flag-bearer for next-generation software. That scope is still a work in progress, with months of work ahead that will determine its success. However, Bungie certainly has the groundwork in place. Nearly 500 developers now call Bungie home, all working together over the last five years to make Destiny a reality. The art team alone is pushing 150 individuals. This level of investment of resources and manpower would have been unheard of in the gaming industry just a few short years ago, but it's necessary to redefine expectations for an online-enabled shooter.
Much of what we saw and played during our two-day visit to Bungie was brand new to us – from the competitive multiplayer to the detailed look at how character investment and progression functions. Other things we learned were like filling in missing colors in a painting, revealing new details on enemy sub-groups, weapons, and setting. The picture that developed is an amalgam of experiences that finally starts to present a comprehensive understanding of Bungie's new adventure.
Next Page: Creating A Hero
Email the author Matt Miller, or follow on Twitter, and Game Informer.
This long-form article got me much more excited for the game than I previously was, though I still want to know how important vehicular combat is to the experience as that mixture of on foot and in vehicle combat in Halo was one its greatest gameplay strengths.
This summer is going to be the best summer that ever was. Not only will I get summer vacation, but Destiny beta at the same time! Destiny and no responsibilities is the greatest combo that there was ever.
No iPhone support... :(
no android support? thats a bummer
I can't wait for this game to come out. The real world will cease to exist when this comes out
What I'm wondering is if there will be a separation between "social" and "ranked" matches in the online multiplayer. I hope they have a ranking system to feed the competitive players
I'm saying this now.. The first thing I'm doing when I get the ability to travel off-world in Destiny..is racing my speeder around the dunes on marsh. There isn't an alien pissed off enough to stop me >:O (Actually, there probably are several.)
Destiny, along with DA:I, are the two big next gen games I'm looking forward to. But if Bungie isn't charging a subscription fee, I wonder just how much updating they can afford to do with the game down the line. Unless 'updates' really means 'expansions.'
If only it was for PC :(


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Sir i want to build this Telepresence robot for my Final Year Project...I can't afford Mac so i am in need of some code for windows platform... plzzz plzzz plzzz help me out i will be very thankful…Continue
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"tschock, what was your eldest son's symptoms before his diagnosis with bone cancer? Did his health begin to decline before diagnosis? Just curious. Thanks so much for the help/advice! "
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Manuscript Collections
There are several hundred manuscript collections located in The Rare Book & Manuscript Library. They range in size from a single object, to several hundred cubic feet in extent.
Broad and deep, various and wonderful, the collections document a wide array of lives, subjects, formats, and time periods; from Incunabula to the H.G. Wells papers, and from illuminated manuscripts to the Spanish Civil War--there is something here for every interest.
Selected Manuscript and Named Collections
ALLINGHAM, WILLIAM (1824-1899)—PAPERS, 1846-1920, 2.0 cu. ft.
Papers of William Allingham, an Irish poet, editor of Fraser's Magazine and a supporter of the Pre-Raphaelite movement in art and literature, and his wife, Helen Patterson Allingham (1848- 1926), an artist. The papers include notes, sketches, portraits, documents, letters and holograph manuscripts.
Click here to be linked to the finding aid for the Allingham Papers.
BALDWIN, T.W., and REGINA ELISABETH—LIBRARY, 5800+ vols.
This collection consists of more than 5,800 volumes of 16th-, 17th-, and 18th-century texts of classical authors, commentaries, Bibles and prayer books, rhetorics, histories, and English literature, particularly of the Elizabethan period. The catalog groups books by subject, listing author, short title, and place and year of publication; shelfmarks and other annotations have been added in manuscript.
Click here to be linked to a searchable scanned guide to the Baldwin Collection.
Click here to be linked to the bibliographic record for the Baldwin Catalog.
BASKETTE, EWING C. (1903-1959)—COLLECTION, 1894-1959, 1.5 cu. ft.
Papers of Ewing C. Baskette, lawyer, librarian, and bibliographer. Includes speeches, letters, and manuscripts on cases dealing with anarchism, the "Centralia Massacre," communal living, syndicalism, socialism, the International Workers of the World, freedom of expression and censorship. A supporting book collection on censorship and intellectual freedom contains approximately 10,000 volumes.
BENTLEY, RICHARD AND SON—PAPERS, 1806-1915, 29.0 cu. ft.
The files of Richard Bentley and Son, a London publishing house, 1829-1898: Richard Bentley, 1794-1871; George Bentley, 1828-1895 and Richard Bentley II, 1854-1936. Includes literary and business correspondence; ledgers, minutes of company meetings and legal agreements; personal and business diaries; authors' manuscripts; clippings and advertisements relating to literary, legal and business matters; the Henry Colburn publishing firm (1806-35), subscription and publication lists. Correspondents are listed in Gordon N. Ray, "The Bentley Papers" in The Library, 5:7:3: 178-200 (September 1952). The collection has been microfilmed Chadwick-Healey.
Click here for the bibliographic record for Index to the Archives of Richard Bentley & Son, 1829-1898.
CAVAGNA COLLECTION, 1116-1913, 90 cu. ft.
Collection of Count Antonio Cavagna Sangiuliani di Gualdana (1843-1913), Italian nobleman, writer and bibliophile. Consists of 138 portfolios of unbound manuscripts arranged alphabetically by place, 290 bound volumes of manuscript material (ca. 50 items earlier than 1600) and 100 volumes of later transcripts from Italian archives.
EVANS, CHARLES (1850-1935)—PAPERS, 1869-1935, 3.0 cu. ft.
Papers of Charles Evans, librarian, bibliographer and author of American Bibliography, 1639-1820; his wife, Lena Y. Evans; and his sons Charles "Chick" Evans, Jr., Eliot H. Evans and John Evans. Includes letters, scrapbooks, bankbooks, published and unpublished literary and scholarly manuscripts, manuscript speeches, ledger books, personal documents, notes and photog graphs relating to the preparation of American Bibliography, and works for the American Antiquarian Society and the Bibliographical Society of America.
Collection of books and pamphlets gathered by Gustav Groeber, Professor of Romance Philology at the University of Strassburg. This is a strong collection of books bearing on the Romance languages and literature; particularly rich in linguistics and in Provencal and Italian literature. Pamphlets include practically every brochure published in Germany on Romance topics. Also contains approximately 6,400 volumes.
Click here for the Groeber Collection Finding List.
HERON, FLODDEN W.—COLLECTION, 1876-1895, .1 cu ft.
Collection of Flodden W. Heron relating to Lewis Carroll (Charles L. Dodgson) including letters, photographs and memorabilia.
Click here for the finding aid to the Heron Collection.
HOLLANDER, JACOB H. (1871-1940)—COLLECTION, .3 cu. ft.
Collection of Jacob H. Hollander, American economist, author and professor of political economy at Johns Hopkins University (1900-1935). Includes letters dealing with economics, chiefly nineteenth-century English economics. A supporting collection of books in the history of economics is also available.
Click here to be linked to the bibliograhic record and digitized version of the printed catalog of the Hollander Collection.
Click here to be linked to the bibliographic record and digitized version of the supplement to the catalog.
Click here to be linked to a searchable online finding aid.
JONES, JAMES (1921-1977)—COLLECTION, 3.0 cu.ft.
Collection of Gloria Jones Papers related to James Jones, American author of the novel From Here To Eternity, published in 1951 and winner of the National Book Award. The collection includes letters, books, manuscripts, documents, photographs and serials pertaining to his life as a soldier fighting in World War II and as a member of the Handy Writers Colony at Robinson, Illinois.
JONES, SAMUEL A. (1834-1912)— PAPERS, 1860-1905, 3.0 cu. ft.
Papers of Samuel A. Jones, homeopathic physician and scholar of American Transcendentalism. Includes personal records; diaries; reading logs; records of book acquisitions; documents and correspondence pertaining to his service as a Civil War surgeon; records of homeopathic drug provings; manuscripts of medical lectures; manuscripts and proofs of published works; unpublished poems and essays.
This collection contains the papers of William Maxwell (1908-2000), American author and fiction editor of The New Yorker from 1936-1976. Contents include the manuscripts of Maxwell's published works, reviews, poetry and novels, as well as newspapers and journal clippings and items from his personal library. Literary and personal correspondence constitutes a large part of this collection. Correspondents include such literary figures as Mary McCarthy, Vladimir Nabokov, J.D. Salinger, John Updike, Eudora Welty and William Carlos Williams.
Search the Maxwell Papers finding aid.
MEINE, FRANKLIN J. (1896-1968)—COLLECTION, 1890-1965, .1 cu. ft.
Collection of noted Chicago bookseller Franklin J. Meine concerning Mark Twain (Samuel L. Clemens) including letters and clippings. Supporting collections in American Wit and Humor and the Mississippi Valley region, and regional American Humor, and the Robert B. Downs Collection of American Wit and Humor. The collection contains approximately 9,000 volumes.
MERWIN, W.S. (b. 1927)—PAPERS
Pulitzer Prize winning poet, translator, and environmental activist; the archive consists of books, notes, manuscripts, correspondence, ideas for poems, published and unpublished works, translations of other author's works, critical writings by Merwin, and select writings about Merwin. The Merwin archive presents the opportunity to study the poet's work, for research into the overall development of American poetry in this century, and an increased understanding of the poetic process.
Search the Merwin Papers finding aids.
The Motley Collection contains costume plates, scene design renderings, production plans and notes of the celebrated British theater design team, "Motley." The collection contains more than 5,000 items from 104 productions performed from the 1930s to 1960s.
Search the Motley Collection finding aids.
Click here to find digital images of the collection.
MUDIE, CHARLES E. (1818-1890)—COLLECTION, 1816-1897, .3 cu. ft.
Collection of Charles E. Mudie, English collector and proprietor of "Mudie's Circulating Libraries." Includes letters, photographs, broadsides, passports and a travel diary (1859), regarding subscriptions to the Circulating Library, nineteenth–century books, the book trade, British politics, Italian unification, European travel, opening of "Mudie's Great Hall" in 1860, literary matters, family genealogy and personal matters.
PHILIP KOLB COLLECTION OF MARCEL PROUST PAPERS, 1870-1950, 1189 items.
The correspondence and other papers of French author Marcel Proust provide a look at the man and his times. Proust had a large and varied number of correspondents, and his letters include an important source of information about Parisian life and French culture at the turn of the century.
Search the Philip Kolb Collection of Marcel Proust Papers finding aid.
RICHARDS, GRANT (1872-1936)—PAPERS, 30.2 cu. ft.
Papers of Grant Richards, British publisher and author. Includes correspondence; incomplete typescripts of novels and other personal papers; advertisements; book reviews; photographs; account books; early agreements, 1905-1920; publication ledger, 1897-1902; and author agreements, 1906-1930 relating to routine publishing house business, copyright problems and other legal and literary matters.
These collections have two major groups of materials.
The "Connemara Transfer" of the Carl Sandburg papers (1898-1962, 125.0 cu. ft) includes typescripts and corrected galley proofs of Sandburg's works and correspondence (1916-62) with literary and public figures, scholars and admirers about writing, American folk songs, Abraham Lincoln, journalism and lecture tours. The collection also contains a Spanish-American War diary (1898), lectures (1908- 09), recordings and transcriptions of Sandburg's radio broadcasts and lectures and magazine articles and newspaper clippings by and about him. The papers also include Lombard College publications (1898-1902), material concerning the Chicago Daily News (1917-32) and a supporting book collection of approximately 5,000 volumes.
Full description of the Sandburg Connemara Collection is incomplete. The "finding aids" and "Connemara Collections" databases web pages may all need to be consulted, depending upon the nature of a researcher's query.
Search the Carl Sandburg "Connemara Collection" finding aids.
Search the Connemara Collections databases.
The "Asheville Transfer" is the most recent addition to the Sandburg collection, obtained in 1996 upon the death of Margaret Sandburg, the eldest daughter of Carl and Paula Sandburg. This collection consists of correspondence, manuscripts, photographs, clippings, books, documents, and miscellaneous material belonging to Margaret and related to her life as her father's reference librarian. Also included in this collection is the Encyclopedia Sandburgiana, a scrapbook of photographs, clippings and correspondence kept by Margaret about her father's life, arranged chronologically by year.
Full description of the Sandburg Asheville Collection is incomplete. The "finding aids" and "Asheville Collections" databases web pages may all need to be consulted, depending upon the nature of a researcher's query.
Search the Carl Sandburg "Asheville Collection" finding aids.
Search the Asheville Collections databases.
Some Carl Sandburg audio records have been digitized as part of the University of Illinois Broadcast Archives. A four-part recording entitled "All University Forum: An Evening with Carl Sandburg" (April 4, 1950) is accessible on WILL Illinois Public Media's website: Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4.
SLADE, LEONARD A., JR. (b. 1942)—COLLECTION, 379 items.
Born in 1942, Slade received his Ph.D. in English from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1972. Leonard Slade is a distinguished professor of English at Kentucky State University (1965-1988) and State University of New York at Albany (1988-present). In addition to academic activities, which include various administrative responsibilities, he has also published several volumes of poetry and won numerous awards for writing and teaching. The Slade collection includes books, clippings, correspondence, documents, manuscripts, photographs, and some miscellaneous items.
Search the Slade Collection finding aid.
The Spanish Civil War collection is a compilation of material documenting the U.S. literary and military involvement in Spain's fight against fascism. Emphasized are the American writers who participated in and reported the events and who interpreted their experiences through poetry, prose, and art. The collection comprises about 20 subcategories focused on members of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, including: Edwin Rolfe, Milton Wolff, John Tisa, Frank Lister, Milton Felson, and John Gates. It includes books, broadsides, clippings, correspondence, manuscripts, photographs, serials, and miscellaneous items relating the experiences of American volunteers in Spain. The collection contains many references to the cultural and political context in which the Americans were placed, including posters and propaganda material. The Rare Book & Manuscript Library's Baskette Collection contains other examples of political activism and freedom of expression issues related to the Spanish Civil War.
Search the Spanish Civil War Collections finding aids.
WELLS, HERBERT G. (1866-1946)—PAPERS, 81.5 cu. ft.
Papers of Herbert G. Wells, English novelist and essayist. Includes correspondence about business and legal affairs; letters to the press; diaries, journals, drawings, publication records, manuscripts and proofs of published works; speeches; unpublished material; photographs. A catalog of correspondence, arranged alphabetically by correspondent, from and to Wells is published in Volume 11 of the Catalog of the Rare Book Room, University Library, University of Illinois (G. K. Hall & Co., Boston, 1972, 547 pp.) and in a supplement 1978 edition. The main collection was acquired in two parts, labelled WELLS-1 and WELLS-2. WELLS-1 consists of over 2,500 letters from Wells and 65,000 to Wells. WELLS-2, a major collection added in 1990, supplements the extensive book collection from Wells' personal library, personal and business correspondence, and criticism. Wells-3 is the Kennard Collection which includes correspondence between H.G. Wells and Annajane Kennard and Amber Reeves. Wells-9 is a collection of supplementary items purchased separately, on an ongoing basis. WELLS-2, 3, and 9 are accessed using an in-house database finding aid with access points including names, dates, language, etc.
The University of Illinois Digital Manuscript Collection includes digitized manuscripts of the H. G. Wells novels The Time Machine, The War of the Worlds, and The Island of Dr. Moreau. Click "browse records" to view these and other digitized manuscripts.


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PERTH, February 2 (Reuters) - - Glencore Xstrata has begun loading coal at its Abbot Point terminal in northeastern Australia after suspending operations last week due to tropical cyclone Dylan, a company spokesman said on Sunday.
The company, which operates the port that services the Bowen Basin coal deposit, began loading its first ship early on Saturday and the ship has left the port, Glencore Xstrata spokesman Francis de Rosa told Reuters.
Cyclone Dylan crossed the Queensland coast on Friday, bringing wind gusts up to 135 kph (83 mph), heavy rain and generating giant tides. It petered out and was downgraded to a tropical low as it moved inland.
"It hasn't been nearly as bad as earlier weather reports said it might be and our coal mines inland have escaped any impact from the storm," De Rosa said.
Ports in Australia's coal-rich northeast shut early last week as Dylan approached, suspending shipments and evacuating staff.
Coal traders said a short interruption to shipping would have little impact on markets, given plentiful supplies in most markets and the slowdown in business activity in Asia because of the Lunar New Year holiday.
Dalrymple Bay, the world's third-largest bulk-export coal terminal, and Hay Point, through which coal mined jointly by BHP Billiton and Mitsubishi Corp is shipped, remain closed until they can be surveyed for damage, Harbour Master Capt Zainol Ahmad said.
The Bowen Basin is the world's single-largest source of metallurgical coal. Last year, Abbot Point terminal handled handled 21 million tonnes of coal and the Dalrymple Bay terminal moved more than 65 million tonnes, industry data showed.
In February 2011, Cyclone Yasi led to the closure of coal terminals in Abbot Point, Hay Point and Dalrymple Bay for almost a week, leading to a surge in coal prices.
Hard coking contract prices at the time increased to $330 a tonne, from $225, while thermal coal spot prices cleared $120 tonne for the first time in more than a year.


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Home ·
Hotels ·
South Bali · Tanjung Benoa · Novotel Bali Benoa Hotel
Novotel Bali Benoa is located on the water front in Nusa Dua, overlooking the golden sands of Tanjung Benoa beach. It is only 15 km from Ngurah Rai International airport and just 10 minutes from Bali Collection Shopping mall. The resort has been created using traditional Balinese architecture which provides a unique eco friendly atmosphere set within luscious tropical gardens.
The hotel has 179 rooms each with a coconut wood interior design and either a balcony or a garden. There are 7 one-bedroom villas and 1 two-bedroom private beachfront villa designed in a magnificent tropical style, each with a private swimming pool, an open air living room and a bathroom with a whirlpool.
The resort offers a variety of dining options including a themed buffet dinner, a beach restaurant and 3 relaxing bars.


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Oyster Mix: Player Haters Ball Destiny's Child Edition
A playlist to get you jumpin' jumpin'.
Remember pre-Jay Z Beyoncé? She was always in the club with her ladies and ballers, in between getting people to say her name and getting bugged by bugg-a-boos. Those were the days… the Destiny's Child days! Just three gals with pagers strapped to their low-slung belts, ready to party! Don't you think it's time you relieved those golden years? Goodgod's Player Haters Ball does!
After packing out their previous parties (dedicated to Neptunes and R Kelly respectively), the Player Haters Ball is holding another of its hectic prom-themed block parties at Goodgod Small Club, and this time it's all about the Destiny's Child (not Blue Ivy). The party is this Saturday, from 11 till late, and it will feature all the hits you know and love from Beyoncé, Kelly, Michelle... and those other girls. *cough*
But enough about those nobodies! It's $10 on the door — a bargain considering you'll be serenaded by the luscious soothing sounds of all-girl soul band Alphamama, not to mention the mad tunes that DJs Joyride, Lev Dawg, and Shantan Wantan Ichiban will be providing. Check out this pretty exciting playlist, mixed by Shantan Wantan Ichiban himself. If it doesn't getting you dancing, nothing will, so stay home you party pooper. To everybody else, see you at Goodgod and let's get loose!
Destiny's Child - Jumpin', Jumpin' (So So Def Remix) feat. Jermaine
Dupri, Da Brat & Lil Bow Wow
Destiny's Child & Pras - Illusion
Geto Boys - My Mind Playin' Tricks On Me
Destiny's Child - No, No, No Part 2 (Featuring Wyclef Jean)
Beyonce - Crazy In Love (Beat Conductor Reggae Remix)
Destiny's Child - Lose my breath (Reggae remix)
Destiny's Child - Bootylicious
Kelly Rowland - Can't Nobody ft Lil Flip
Beyonce - Move Your Body
Destiny's Child - Soldier (feat. Lil Wayne & T.I.)
Kelly Rowland - Motivation (feat. Lil' Wayne) (Diplo Remix)
Destiny's Child - Say My Name (Plaebac Remix)
Kelly Rowland - Dilemma (BNRY Remix)
Beyonce - Diva Ft. Ciara, & Jim Jones
Destiny's Child - Get On the Bus (feat. Timbaland)
Destiny's Child - Bills, Bills, Bills
Papi Sanchez - Dilema (Merengue Cover)


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Alloya's leadership team consists of individuals who put their decades of industry experience in service to credit unions every day.
Todd Adams, CPA
Chief Executive Officer
Names are listed in alphabetical order.
Timothy Bruculere
Senior Vice President,
John Collins
Senior Vice President,
Risk Management and Administration
Andrew Kohl, CFA
Chief Investment Officer
Sanjyot Mohile, SPHR
Senior Vice President,
Human Resources
Brandt Peterson
Chief Financial Officer
Click here to contact Alloya Corporate FCU


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United - Rooney`s Ritual?
I`m not sure it`s a superstitious trait or what?
However, it`s revealed in the tabloid press this morning, by Wayne Rooney, that our highly paid star striker has a peculiar habit.
We`ll let Wayne explain,
"The day before a game I always ask Albert which kit we`ll be wearing - shirt, shorts and socks - so I can try and visualise the game and scoring a goal."
Is it superstition or self motivation?
I`ll let you decide!
Vital Man United on:
Vital Man United on:
Join Vital Man United
It's easy to REGISTER HERE, simply click the link and enjoy getting involved!


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What Did Jesus Say About the Sabbath?
(In this post, I will refer to Yeshua as "Jesus," because it is written for those who may not yet observe the Sabbath and likely still call Yeshua by his English name, as I did for many years.)
Often we hear that Jesus taught against the Sabbath as a day of rest. After all, he healed on the Sabbath, he defended his disciples for picking grain on the Sabbath. Every time the Pharisees challenged him about the rules of the Sabbath, he set them straight that "The Sabbath is made for man, not man for the Sabbath." (Mark 2:27)
I heard those teachings; I read the Pharisees' criticism of his actions on the Sabbath and Jesus' responses defending himself and his disciples. I was convinced that the Sabbath and all its rules had been done away with when Jesus came and taught us the New Covenant.
Then I read the original instructions for the Sabbath in the Old Testament. (more…)
God Answers Prayer in Surprising Ways
At one point, I committed to praying on a weekly basis for several of my friends and family to come to faith in Yeshua as their savior. I did so for six months. Once I started praying, I began looking for signs of a change in their spiritual perspectives, and for opportunities to speak with them about Yeshua. This story is another example of how prayer changes not only the lives of those for whom the prayer is offered, but the one praying as well.
During those six months, I saw miraculous things. (more…)


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Institution: International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)
Dr Jacqueline Ashby is a Development Sociologist (PhD Cornell University) who has conducted research and published extensively on social ecology, participatory research and gender analysis applied to agricultural innovation and environmental conservation, with a focus on social stratification and poverty in rural development of low income countries. She currently coordinates the CGIAR Program responsible for gender analysis in research, and is Director of Research, Natural Resource Management at CIAT.
Title: Gender and Poverty: A proposal for Action Research.
Theme: 1E
Women constitute nearly sixty percent of the worlds one billion poor. Of one-third billion people living in absolute poverty, over seventy percent are women. Over the last two decades of the twentieth century, the number of women living in absolute poverty has risen by fifty percent (in contrast to thirty percent for men).
As the world population doubles the need for food will more than double, and world agricultural output per unit of labor will need to increase by a factor of ten, mostly in the Third World(Marris,1999). FAO estimates show that women account for more than half the labor required to produce the food consumed in the developing world. In Africa - where female farming is of paramount importance, nearly seventy percent of the staple food in the continent is produced by women farmers and is of increasing importance as more men migrate from rural areas in search of work (Saito et al.1990; World Bank 1989) This makes women in the Third World an important group not only as beneficiaries of poverty alleviation but as contributors to the economic growth required to end poverty.
The different roles, rights and resources that men and women have in society are an important determinant of the nature and scope of poverty.
This is especially (though not uniquely) the case among rural populations in the Third World, where there is a central relationship between the capacity of rural households to produce enough income or food year round to meet their basic nutritional needs and the control women have over inputs and outputs in the food production-to-consumption system.
This paper examines the dimensions of poverty and the relationship between gender and the poverty of rural people in the Third World. This analysis is applied to formulate a proposal for the application of science and technology to improving food production and environmental protection, an agenda of central importance to rural women in the Third World.


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With Dawnguard in Bethesda's rearview mirror, attention has shifted to the next downloadable content pack for Skyrim, and today we finally have hard information on what that will be. It's called Hearthfire and features a focus on personal dwellings and families. Of course, players already have access to housing in Skyrim, but this DLC ratchets that up about 16 notches.
According to the video, Hearthfire will be arriving on September 4th on Xbox Live, but no word on a release date for the other platforms.


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Skip to content
Key resources
The Line
The Line
These comic books have been produced to educate young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people about healthy and respectful relationships. The comic books are appropriate for young people aged 8-14 years, and cover issues such as bullying, texting, and hitting. Five comic books have been developed:
The comic books use language and colourful artwork suitable for young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet abstract
These comic books can be used by health workers, teachers, parents, relatives, and other community members to teach Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people about healthy and unhealthy relationship behaviour. The comic books will provide young people with information on how to deal with issues such as bullying, and how to respect others.
The Line Campaign
PO Box 24226
Melbourne Vic 3001
Ph: (03) 8692 9500
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Welcome to our baby name section. in This section you can find various meaningful names for your child. This section contains thousunds of baby names from various regions in this world. Hindu Baby names, Mulsim Baby names, Christian baby names and many more.. Check desired region for baby name. These names are sorted alabatically for male and female children.
Meaning and origin of the Biblical baby name Zeeb. Meaning of Zeeb. What does Zeeb mean? Zeeb origin. Information about Zeeb.
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Get Answers for Astrology related question, even you have birth data or not.
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Get detailed Marriage prospects report including probable timing of marriage and remedies for doshas.
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Notable Results
- Margolis Law obtains seven figure settlement in Washtenaw County lawsuit:Lawyer's Weekly – Margolis Law obtains $1,345,000.00 settlement on behalf of Estate
- Margolis Law obtains acquittal in Bay County CSC case.
View Article
- Margolis cross-examines his way to jury trial victory in Bay County.
View Article
- Margolis represents two former Hooters waitresses who claim the restaurant discriminated against them, based on their weight
Notable results
The agreement that Castleberry and Margolis worked out, and which was signed Jan. 22 by Lenawee County Circuit Judge Anna Marie Anzalone, dismissed the original charges and had Nishikawa plead guilty to three counts of carrying a concealed knife. Castleberry said he wanted Nishikawa to plead guilty to three felonies, which would come into play … more
See the details of this case in the consent order Consent Order (002) more
There have been recent updates to the US Citizenship and Immigration Services forms below. more
The decedent in this matter was an elderly retired autoworker with no spouse or children. The man was standing in the street that he lived on behind a paving truck while a neighbor's driveway was being repaved. As the paving truck began to back up slowly, the man fell, hitting his head on the road … more
This is a claim for economic and noneconomic damages for injuries that the plaintiff sustained when the airbag in her vehicle failed to deploy during a crash. The plaintiff is in her early 50's. Before the accident, she collected social security disability benefits and worked 15 hours per week at a flower shop. The plaintiff … more
The claim was settled without filing a complaint for $277,000.00. The injured party in this matter was an elderly, morbidly obese woman with severe dementia. She resided in a long-term care facility and was bedbound. A staff member rolled the resident onto her side to change her diaper. The resident continued rolling and fell off … more
Margolis law vacates guilty plea due to lack of notification about immigration status change. Read the full decision here. more
We successfully moved to overturn a young Mexican National's impaired driving conviction in Monroe County. The conviction led to client's DACA being revoked, and his being taken into ICE custody and held without bond, pending a deportation proceeding. Any drunk driving conviction is considered a "significant misdemeanor," making the client ineligible for the discretionary relief … more
We recently settled a case resulting from an auto accident in Livingston County for $97,500. The client suffered injuries to his ribs and shoulder. He was in the hospital for a week and underwent very little physical therapy. The extent of his injuries was several broken ribs. All of his medical and lost wages … more
Our office successfully moved to withdraw a guilty plea to Felony Fleeing and Eluding, on behalf of a Mexican National in Macomb County, which made him eligible for an immigration bond and release from ICE custody. After winning the fight to withdraw the guilty plea in state court, we then prevailed in a several day's … more


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England News: Darren Bent Injury Leaves Him a Major Doubt for Euro 2012February 28, 2012
Aston Villa striker Darren Bent has been told that his injury will keep him out of contention for three months.
Bent ruptured his ankle ligaments during the 0-0 draw against Wigan Athletic in the Premier League on Saturday. There has been a statement made on the Aston Villa Website that their top scorer will be out until at least the end of May.
"Darren Bent has undergone scans and he has seen a top ankle specialist in London," said an Aston Villa official earlier today.
The 28-year-old who started his career at Ipswich Town was expected to fill the gap made by Rooney's suspension and start the first two games of the tournament.
Wayne Rooney, who was suspended in the last group fixture of qualifying, is still expected to go to the tournament, but there will be a massive hole in the England front-line with the Manchester United striker missing.
This will give Stuart Pearce and whoever takes the role on a more permanent basis a tactical headache, wondering who should now start upfront come the June 11.
Dr. Ian McGuiness and the Aston Villa medical team have been in contact with the England national team about the extent of the injury. This is what he had to say on the matter:
"Darren will undergo a further examination in seven days to determine the need for an operation."
Bent will be devastated by the length of the injury and the time it has come. He was left out of the 2006 and 2010 World Cup squad and now he looks set to miss another major tournament.
With Darren Bent looking certain to miss the tournament, who would you pick to start the first two games of Euro 2012?


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Touring South Africa Vineyards
Tempted by the South Africa Wine : Touring South Africa Vineyards
A Fine Wine-Producing Country
If you love the taste of fine wine, you will be highly interested in South Africa Wine. Your taste buds will be more than tempted because South Africa is known for being quite the prominent wine-producing country. Within the entire Southern Hemisphere, South African Wine simply cannot be topped because this is a very prominent country that produces very prominent and superior wine.
Experience and South African Wine are a Superb Combination
Fine wine typically comes with experience. The entire wine industry may actually have a love affair with wine. It may be the vineyards that are so very appealing to each and every wine maker. The entire wine industry seems to take each and every bottle of wine very seriously. The magnificent vines within each and every vineyard are viewed as a lovely masterpiece to the members of the wine industry. It may take an experienced eye to create the finest wine from a single vineyard masterpiece. The South African Wine industry can offer their 300 years of solid experience to every wine lover. The South African wine making industry has an astounding history to offer.
Winemaking and the Various Techniques
South Africa and the wine industry is known for their abundance of rich landscape surroundings. This wine distribution may take place within the Western Cape. The glorious mountains, plateaus and lovely valleys foster the making of superior wine. South Africa is versed about the various winemaking techniques. There are two common techniques used in the wine making process. These two common methods include:
Here is fundamental science on South Africa Wine. We have the best resources for South Africa Wine. Check it out for yourself! You can discover Touring South Africa Vineyards guide and see the latest Tempted by the South Africa Wine in here.
Back to Tempted by the South Africa Wine


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Dance studios in Burlington range from parent and tot options to competitive dance or recreational dance classes. Dance lessons are available in jazz, ballet, tap, acro, hip hop, lyrical, contemporary, musical theatre and modern. Burlington dance studios offer classes for boys and girls ages two and up.
Offering three full-size, mirrored studios that are climate-controlled, featuring cushioned spring floors and each ballet class is accompanied by a live pianist. Classes offered in ballet, acro, creative movement, hip hop, jazz, lyrical, musical theatre and tap. Located at 3584 Commerce Court.
Burlington Dance Company offers classes in Jazz, Tap, Ballet, Contemporary, Lyrical, Hip Hop, Acro Jazz, and Fitness. The objective at BDC is that students of all ages and abilities are encouraged to learn the art of dance within a friendly, yet productive environment. Each and every student at BDC is an important part of our special dance community. Located at 3295 Mainway
Creative Edge Dance Studio offers dance classes in a variety of styles from toddler to adult in both Recreational and Competitive Programs. They are proud members of The Russian Society of Ballet and Performing Arts Educators of Canada. Available classes include jazz, tap, hip hop, lyrical, acro, breakdance, musical theatre, contemporary, and ballet. They also run a popular Summer Camp program in July and August. Located at 1160 Blair Rd.
The process of learning to dance supports children's physical, emotional, social and cognitive development. The Dance Station provide comprehensive and creative dance education for students 3-18 years of age. Their programs provide the opportunity for any dancer, regardless of previous experience, to discover the joys of dance. Located at 1800 Appleby Line, Unit 6.
Grace Academy offers classes in classical ballet, modern theatre dance, jazz, tap, hip hop, musical theatre, and acting. Students receive a solid foundation in dance and theatrical technique in a friendly, non-competitive environment. Grace Academy is one of the few schools that does not concentrate on competitive work within our program. Classes offered for children 3 and up. Located in the west end of Oakville (minutes from Burlington) at 785 Pacific Road, Unit 1.
Offering the newest and best teaching techniques in jazz, ballet, tap, lyrical, acro, open, contemporary and hip hop. Young students, can learn the styles of dance they prefer in our recreational dance programs. Children who have the drive to devote more time to dance training and performing can benefit from our comprehensive competitive program. Located at 1149 Heritage Road.
Stagecoach Theatre Arts School – NEW Location
Stagecoach Theatre Arts is the world's longest running and most successful part time performing arts program for children. They are opening up a new location just outside of Burlington! Click here to read our recent blog about Stagecoach's new location, which is in Milton.
Stagecoach Milton welcomes budding artists as well as those children who simply want to have fun and explore the arts in a positive and supportive environment. Students will learn how to sing, dance, and act! Two different programs are offered at Stagecoach Milton: the Early Stages program for ages 4-6 which consists of one and a half hours per week for 10 weeks, and the Main Stage program for ages 6-16 which consists of three hours per week for 10 weeks. Camps are also offered! Located at 45 Bruce St.
The studio offers classes in jazz, tap, ballet, modern, hip hop and acrobatic dance. Arcade Dance Arts strives to engage and motivate students and provide them with what they need to have a positive dance studio experience and achieve personal success through dance. Located at 864 Drury Lane.
Offering classes in ballet, highland dance, jazz, musical theatre, tap and tiny tots (for ages 2-3 years). Located at #2-4280 Harvester Road.
A new dance studio in Burlington, Ontario offering leading dance training for children of all ages and abilities in ballet, jazz, lyrical, contemporary, pointe, acro and hip hop. Dance classes range from toddler-aged introductory creative movement classes to fully-immersive competitive programs. Located at Unit #4 – 2180 Itabashi Way.
Offering three distinct Class Divisions to appeal to every dancer at every level of commitment including a comprehensive Early Childhood program for dancers ages 2-6 years old including daytime classes. Located at 845 Harrington Court #1.
Offering recreational, part time and full time competitive options. Parent and tot class offered and unparented classes starting from 3 years of age. Located at 1160 Blair Road.
Offering many dance styles including creative movement, ballet, jazz, tap, acrobatics, tumbling, Hip Hop, lyrical, skipping, musical theatre, conditioning, pointe, and contemporary. Located at 1160 Blair Road.
Dancers Burlington offers a wide variety of programming for dancers aged 2.5 years to adult. Dancers offers instruction in: Ballet, Tap, Jazz, Acro, Hip Hop, Lyrical, Contemporary, Pointe and Tumbling. Dancers provides programming at both the recreational and competitive levels. Located at 5420 Mainway Dr., Units 3 & 4.
Future Steps offers ballroom & hip hop programs. Proud to offer low cost, high quality dance programs to public, catholic and private schools as an enrichment option to the school curriculum. Located at 2285 New Street.
McLeod of Lewis Scottish Dancing
Classes offered in Highland, Nationals, Jig & Hornpipe,Theory: Beginner to Professional, Performance Training, Competition Coaching, Choreography, Examination Classes and Step Dancing. Parent and tot classes for 18-35 months, unparented classes for ages 3 and up. Located at 2007 Mount Forest Drive.
The Turning Pointe Dance Studio
Offering recreational and competitive programs in ballet, contemporary, jazz, lyrical, hip hop, tap, acro and musical theatre. Located at 5195 Harvester Road.
Performance School of Music and Dance
Offering dance classes for all ages and abilities, from preschool dance classes to ballet, jazz, tap, hip-hop, and other dance styles. Located at 1600 Kearns Road.
The Woodgate Shamrock Academy of Irish Dance offers classes ranging from recreational through competitive with competitive dancers regularly qualifying for international competitions. Located at 1450 Headon Road.


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Originally posted by redbarron626
Nice work Scott thanks for sharing.
I have a question, Has anyone ever taken Orion and placed it on a map of the world with the belt corresponding to the pyramids to see if any other stars in Orion have "ruins" in corresponding locations?
I will take my answer off air.


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Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 V Tablet Introduced. Check Galaxy Tab 3 V review price, availability info.
Apart from launching Galaxy Tab A in two different variants in Russia, Samsung has also unveiled an budget Android tablet in Malaysia.
The budget tablet that we are talking here is the Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 V which is the upgraded version of company's Tab 3 Neo.
This new tablet will be available in Vietnam priced at $135 or RM499. You can buy Samsung Experience Stores and authorized dealers. Also Maxis is selling it with an two years contract agreement for RM239, i.e., $65 with the SurfMore50 Plan.
Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 V
|Display:7-inch 1024×600 TN touchscreen display
|1.3 GHz Spreadtrum Quad Core Processor
|GPU:-Mali 400
|Software: Android 4.4 Kitkat OS
|SIM Card Slot: No
|Main Camera:2 MP rear camera with LED Flash
|Front Camera:2 MP front facing camera
|Storage: 8 GB Internal + Micro SD card slot support up to 32 GB
|Connectivity:3G HSPA, Bluetooth, WiFi tether, WiFi
|Battery:3600 mAh Li-ion battery
|GPS, FM Radio, 3.5 mm audio jack
It will be sold in White and Black color options but there is no word on availability of this tablet in other marks.


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Formed in 2010, decease four musicians who were tired of seeing the same old cover bands, playing the same old songs, got together and formed the super cover group the "JUKEBOX JUNKIES"! The Junkies bring you some of the greatest songs ever written from the 60's-present, done with the Junkies twist! When you come to a JUKEBOX JUNKIES show you can expect to sing and dance and be entertained like no other cover band has done yet! So get ready...the "JUKEBOX JUNKIES" have arrived and are ready to give you your music FIX!!!
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Japan and the United States on Wednesday finalized a treaty on facilitating criminal investigations and trial proceedings on cross-border crimes, Kyodo News reported.
The mutual legal assistance treaty, which is the first of its kind for Japan and is expected to take effect on July 21, allows the two countries' law enforcement authorities to have contact without going through diplomatic channels, so as to expedite the working efficiency.
According to the treaty, Japan and the United States are to cooperate in taking testimonies and statements, obtaining evidence, locating persons, and providing other assistance if requested by the other side, the report said.
Source: Xinhua


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Clarius announced that it has CE Mark approval for the commercial sale of the C3 and L7 Clarius Wireless Ultrasound Scanners for use by medical professionals.
"Clarius has amazing image quality for such a small device," said Dr. Gert-Jan Mauritz, an emergency medicine resident and ultrasound instructor based in the Netherlands. "It's better than a traditional ultrasound machine because I carry it everywhere in my pocket and it's so easy to use the Clarius App on my phone."
Compact ultrasound systems for use at the bedside are the norm in most hospitals and many private clinics. But costs of high quality systems have been a barrier for more widespread adoption. A basic ultrasound scanner from Clarius will start at €6,600 in European Union countries.
Clarius Scanners are powered by a rechargeable battery, which is easily exchanged when running low. Built with a magnesium case, Clarius Scanners are designed to withstand challenging environments and are water submersible for easy cleaning and disinfection.


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Dr. Richard Remigailo and his team provide personalized, high-quality dental care to each and every patient, treating you like family and helping you achieve the best possible dental health, function and appearance. Whether you're looking for excellent family dentistry or exploring cosmetic or restorative treatment options, Dr. Remigailo has the expertise and experience to put you at ease, provide comfortable care and deliver exceptional results guaranteed to leave you smiling.
Dr. Remigailo will answer selected
questions on the blog.


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General Hockey Thread v2.0
View Single Post
The off-season.
Join Date: Nov 2004
Posts: 2,912
"The Greek"
Originally Posted by
Jori.... I have 2 questions for you:
1- Was I imagining it or, did that gutless punk take 3 strides from center ice to make the hit on a guy without the puck?
2- I know it's technically legal to hit with your shoulder, but, don't you think a shoulder pad made of very strong plastic is worse then an elbow? I'll never understand how the NHL does not view that as a dangerous hit. Amazing, everytime someone gets their clocked cleaned by a shoulder pad, they get hurt. Wake up NHL, before a player dies.
You can call it legal, the fact is, technically it is legal. The fact remains though, it's a chicken ****, cheapshot hit.
I'm not Jori, but I'll answer it for you.
The hit was completely legal. Brutal, but legal. There was no head hunting involved. That's what happens in the stanley cup playoffs when you play the puck with your head down. The guy who hit him didn't take more than the 1 1/2 strides which is legal...anything more is charging. It was text book.
Point number two of this post is just completely stupid. Elbows are far more dangerous. You're only going to take a shoulder to the face if your head is down.
There was absolutely nothing chicken ****, or cheap about that hit. It was 100% above board. Esche was outstanding, but his team let him down.
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Jac's Big O Party To Benefit Harlie Bryant
Friday, August 23rd marks my second to last Big O Party of the season! We've have such a great summer partnering with the Big O Music Fest, hanging out with y'all and raising a bunch of money for local families and organizations in need.
This week's party, we'll be raising money for one of my favorite people ever... Harlie Bryant! She is a little girl, currently battling brain cancer and just had a major surgery August 5th. You can come show your support for Harlie and her family!
Lunch will be served from 11:00am - 1:00pm. Come enjoy a pulled pork sandwich, chips and a drink for $5.00! While you're here, you can register for tickets to the Big O Music Fest, coming up at Reid's Orchard next Saturday, August 31st.
The Hope for Harlie team will also have some merchandise available to purchase to benefit the family.
I really hope to see all of you in the front yard of the station for my Big O Party!


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A key U.S. Senate committee voted yesterday to support legislation increasing funding for the IMLS Office of Museum Services (OMS). The proposal includes a total of $31.3 million for OMS in Fiscal Year 2014, more than it has received in either of the last two years. This progress comes on the heels of dedicated advocacy efforts by the museum field that resulted, among other things, in a record 24 Senators signing a letter in support of OMS funding.
"The proposed funding increase makes it clear that our message is resonating in the halls of Congress," said Alliance President Ford W. Bell. "This important step for our field could never happen without dedicated museum advocates, and this increase will never get across the finish line without your continued work."
The immediate outlook for this legislation is unclear, as Congress continues to grapple with larger budget disagreements. As negotiations continue, it is critical that legislators hear from their constituents about the economic and educational benefits that museums bring to their communities.
Take one minute to help keep this momentum going!
Tell your legislators to support the Office of Museum Services today.
Visit www.aam-us.org/advocacy to learn more about advocacy for museums.


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Notable Examples: The Beast (1975), Wedding Trough (Vase de Noces) (1975), Emanuelle in America (1977), Howard the Duck (1986)
No, bestiality porn does not count, as it would be far too easy to find examples. Instead, it's much more rewarding to find feature-length films screened for large audiences that featured humans with animals, especially Howard the Duck. Because that movie is batshit.
But that's jumping too far ahead in the timeline. First, 1975's The Beast, a French erotic comedy featuring a very explicit sex scene between a young maiden and a hairy, well hung beast.
In the same year, Wedding Trough debuted. It's subtitled "The Pig Fucking Movie." Enough said.
In 1977, the Italian film Emanuelle in America was released, featuring a controversial scene in which an actress gets intimate with a horse.
Thankfully, Howard the Duck saved the world from these unsavory scenes by depicting sweet love between a giant talking duck and Lea Thompson. Wait, what are we talking about? That scene was traumatizing.


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Designed by architects Kohn Pedersen Fox, MNP Tower offers the last true waterfront views in downtown Vancouver. It rises as a striking glass crest to frame the Marine Building to the east and Guinness Tower to the west. At ground level, it retains the historic University and Quadra Club façade, while a prestigious entrance was created within a newly landscaped public green space. MNP Tower is conveniently located near the new Fairmont Pacific Rim Hotel and the newly expanded Convention Centre. With Stanley Park and the Seawall on one side, and the Terminal City Club and the Vancouver Club on the other, the location offers a unique combination of prestige and workplace satisfaction.


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Imagine getting a 15-year-old to think hard about the meaning of citizenship. Imagine getting her to turn off her iPod, sign out of Facebook, and spend a few hours grappling with really serious questions. What are the laws of life? What does my father mean to me? What does it mean to be an American?
Now imagine getting another 30,000 teenagers to do the same thing.
Now imagine getting them to do it every year.
American kids live in a media-saturated society where technology is corroding already-short attention spans. In the age of Twitter and YouTube, it seems more and more difficult to get young people to stop and spend time thinking seriously. How do you get a bunch of wired adolescents to ponder serious, complicated, and meaningful topics? One way, donors are finding, is through an old-fashioned extracurricular activity: the incentivized student essay contest.
"One of the most popular ways of engaging students, historically, has been the essay contest," says Larry Tise. "And one of the most effective ways of reaching students is to motivate them with prizes." Tise would know. He is the president of the International Congress of Distinguished Awards, and has studied, advised, and administered prizes for 15 years.
Growing numbers of donors are coming to agree with Tise. They have seen the ability of student essay contests to foster appreciation of ideas and principles that public schools have neglected. And they are applying their resources accordingly.
Character and Citizenship
A few years ago, John M. Templeton Jr.,M.D., president and chairman of the John Templeton Foundation, approached Victoria Hughes, president of the Bill of Rights Institute. According to Kimon Sargeant, vice president of human sciences at the Templeton Foundation, they discussed "the importance of teaching the links between character and citizenship in the United States—a topic thats no longer part of most school curricula."
Born of those conversations was the "Being an American essay contest," which asks high school students to answer a simple question: "What civic value do you believe is most essential to being an American?" Begun in 2006 as a pilot program in Kansas, Texas, and Virginia, the contest now reaches students in all 50 states, the U.S. territories, and U.S. military and diplomatic schools overseas.
Jason Wilson, director of the contest at the Bill of Rights Institute, notes that the contest is intended to deepen the "civic knowledge and appreciation of students across the country." The Bill of Rights Institute measures the contest's impact in a number of ways, all of which, he says, demonstrate the contest's effectiveness in strengthening an "understanding of, and commitment to, our Founding documents and principles."
- 50,000 students have entered the contest since its inception in 2005.
- 30,000 students participated in the 2008–09 contest.
- 82 percent of students agree that, by writing the essay, they "deepened their understanding of American values, heroes, and the Founding documents."
- 50 percent of students reported that the contest prompted further discussions and debates with fellow students or family members on what it means to be an American.
Much of the contests success comes from the incentives it offers. Students and teachers in each of the contests nine regions are eligible for prizes. The first-place essay in each region wins a total of $10,000—$5,000 for the student and $5,000 for his or her teacher. Similarly, the second-place essay in each region wins $2,500 for the student and $2,500 for the teacher; the third-place essay, $1,250 apiece. Moreover, the top three essay writers from each region are invited, with their teachers, on an expenses-paid trip to Washington, D.C. Winners of the 2008–09 contest visited the National Archives, the Supreme Court, and the United States Capitol. Speakers at the awards ceremony included Templeton, Juan Williams, and Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas.
To further spread interest in the contest, the Bill of Rights Institute offers participation prizes to teachers and schools. Teachers with 50 or more of their students participating in the contest receive a Bill of Rights wallet card for each student-participant. The two schools with the highest percentage of student participation receive the Bill of Rights Institute curriculum, an eight-volume set of materials on the Founders and the principles that guided them.
Truman Anderson, president of the Stuart Family Foundation, another major supporter of the contest, likewise highlights the effects of the contest. "Many students dont ordinarily reflect on the privilege of being an American," he says. "Getting students to articulate for themselves the value of American citizenship is one of the most important things we can do to prompt students to think about what makes America exceptional."
"Every generation needs to learn what makes the American experiment distinct, says Sargeant, and how our actions as citizens can contribute to its vitality."
Laws to Live By
Sargeant also serves as administrator of the "Laws of Life" essay contests, which ask students to reflect about core values "that we take with us wherever we go and whatever we do." Unlike the Being an American contest, the Laws of Life essay has no set questions. When he launched the first Laws of Life essay contest in Franklin County, Tennessee, Sir John Templeton said, "We don't tell the young people what to write about in their essays. We ask them to tell us. This is what the Laws of Life essay contest is all about: offering young people an opportunity to reflect and write about their principles."
Though the Templeton Foundation offers centralized administrative support, the Laws of Life contests are largely decentralized. Each secures its own funding locally, sets up its own prizes, appoints its own judges, and features its own awards ceremony. "Sir John Templeton's hope," says Sargeant, "was that people and communities around the world would develop their own versions of the essay contest, and give young people the opportunity to discover—or understand more clearly—the principles and maxims that make a positive difference in their lives."
Sir John Templeton's hope is being realized on a global scale. Today, there are approximately 100 contests in more than 30 countries. Last year alone, more than 150,000 students wrote a Laws of Life essay.
Fathers and Families
Another essay contest intended to inspire meaningful reflection comes from The National Center for Fathering and its Father of the Year Essay Contest, which invites first- through twelfth-grade students to write on the theme, "What My Father Means to Me." "There is conclusive research about the importance of fathers to their children," says contest manager Lucy Bloom. "But research doesn't often engage the heart or spur an individual on to greater things."
The essay contest is designed to do both. "When an individual dad reads the words of his child and how that child feels about him, he becomes even more motivated and energized to be the dad his child wants and needs," says Bloom. "Sometimes dads see themselves in the essays of other children and learn new ways to be a dad or realize—sometimes for the first time—how important they really are to their children."
Crucially, the center and its partners engage community volunteers in the reading and reviewing process. "With thousands of essays, theres a lot of reading to do," says Bloom. "Companies and other organizations gather volunteers who read essays together and then share their favorites with the group. They often return to their professional lives and seek to make changes to encourage fathers or to remove barriers from father involvement." Winning essays can be viewed at the centers website.
The contest has sponsors and participants in several markets. Its home base is in Kansas City, with satellites in Minneapolis–St. Paul, Chicago, and Washington, D.C. It works through schools, getting teachers to involve students with the contest. Major League Baseball teams provide forums for recognition of the contest winners, such as announcing the winners on-field before a game. "It was a natural fit to tie fathers and baseball together," says Ben Aken, senior director of community relations for the Kansas City Royals. "A lot of us came to baseball through our dads." The Minnesota Twins, Chicago White Sox, and Washington Nationals also recognize local contest winners.
Significant funding comes from corporate giving programs, including Target in Minnesota and American Family Insurance in Minnesota and Kansas City. The contest in Washington, D.C., is funded by Together Is Better, which promotes healthy marriages and responsible fatherhood.
One more thing. Since 1996, contest participants have submitted more than one million essays.
Faith and Freedom
The First Freedom Center of Richmond, Virginia, invites students to ponder what Thomas Jefferson once called the most inalienable and sacred of all human rights, the freedom of religion. The "First Freedom Student Competition," now 16 years old, is the brainchild of one of the center's advisors, a former school superintendent. It asks high school students "to examine the history and current significance of religious freedom," says Isabelle Kinnard, the centers vice president for education. "The students must do historical research, analyze the law, and show us why this core value has a place in their lives."
The center helps encourage student participation by marketing the contest to "high school teachers of social studies and English, guidance counselors, private and home-school associations, and American schools abroad," says Kinnard. "The annual essay topic is also linked to the curriculum," she adds, "so that teachers can introduce the topic in the classroom and then assign the essay as a written class assignment."
Though the contest started as a regional competition, it has expanded statewide and, for the last four years, nationwide. "It now attracts over 2,500 public and private high school and home-schooled students from across the country, and from American schools and students as far away as Zambia and Thailand." To help such geographically dispersed students prepare for the contest, the center's website also offers "bibliographic resources, a lesson plan, and grade-appropriate (and educational standards–sensitive) supporting teaching materials."
One of the contest's major supporters is the Richard S. Reynolds Foundation, based in Richmond, which will sponsor the contest for the next three years. The foundation expressed that it had been interested in the competitions success for several years. "In fact, before considering a grant award, the board carefully reviewed the bios of the past award winners along with their essays," says Kinnard. At the foundation's request, the center provides the foundation "up-to-date information on the latest competition news."
"I chose to use your essay contest as a hook for teaching a history class on the evolution of freedom in the United States," says one teacher at an alternative charter school that caters to struggling students—dropouts, substance abusers, and teenage mothers. "The idea of being able to express their opinions on the topic of freedom at a national level was an authentic motivator for them. The topic brought about many meaningful and in-depth discussions and activities in the classroom."
Michael Leaser is an associate editor in the Center for Family and Religion at the Family Research Council in Washington, D.C.


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Shane Byrne Extends Bury Spell
18 year old midfielder Shane Byrne has extended his loan spell with league one Bury for an additional month.
The youngster has made 6 appearances so far, and been called up to the Republic of Ireland's U19 squad for the UEFA Championships first phase qualifiers this week.
Vital Leicester on:
Vital Leicester on:


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Street Sleuth
Despite Delphi's Spiral, Some Experts Said Buy
Bullish Analysts Cited Possibility of GM Bailout Days Before Bankruptcy
Delphi Corp. appears to be another falling knife that some Wall Street analysts failed to sidestep.
Right until Saturday, when the world's biggest auto-parts supplier filed for bankruptcy-law protection, some Wall Street analysts maintained "buy" or equivalent ratings on Delphi stock. At least two issued bullish reports within the two days preceding Delphi's Chapter 11 filing, citing the possibility that the company's prior...