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Amazon S3 stores data as objects within resources called "buckets". You can store as many objects as you want within a bucket, and write, read, and delete objects in your bucket. Objects can be up to 5 terabytes in size.
You can control access to the bucket (who can create, delete, and retrieve objects in the bucket for example), view access logs for the bucket and its objects, and choose the AWS region where a bucket is stored to optimize for latency, minimize costs, or address regulatory requirements.
Get Started with AWS TodayTry Amazon S3 for Free
AWS Free Tier includes 5GB storage, 20,000 Get Requests, and 2,000 Put Requests with Amazon S3.
Amazon S3 is designed as a complete storage platform. Consider the ownership value included with every GB.
Simplicity. Amazon S3 is built for simplicity, with a web-based management console, mobile app, and full REST APIs and SDKs for easy integration with third party technologies.
Durability. Amazon S3 is available in regions around the world, and includes geographic redundancy within each region as well as the option to replicate across regions. In addition, multiple versions of an object may be preserved for point-in-time recovery.
Scalability. Customers around the world depend on Amazon S3 to safeguard trillions of objects every day. Costs grow and shrink on demand, and global deployments can be done in minutes. Industries like financial services, healthcare, media, and entertainment use it to build big data, analytics, transcoding, and archive applications.
Security. Amazon S3 supports data transfer over SSL and automatic encryption of your data once it is uploaded. You can also configure bucket policies to manage object permissions and control access to your data using AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM).
Query in Place. Amazon S3 Select processes data within an object in storage at rest, and Amazon Athena and Amazon Redshift Spectrum enable you to run sophisticated analytics directly on data stored in S3.
Broad integration with other AWS services for security (IAM and KMS), alerting (CloudWatch, CloudTrail and Event Notifications), computing (Lambda), and database (EMR, Redshift), designed to integrate directly with Amazon S3.
Cloud Data Migration options. AWS storage includes multiple specialized methods to help you get data into and out of the cloud.
Flexible Storage Management. S3 Storage Management features allow you to take a data-driven approach to storage optimization, data security, and management efficiency.
Amazon S3 Storage Management features allow customers to take a data-driven approach to storage optimization, compliance, and management efficiency. These features work together to help improve workload performance, facilitate compliance, streamline business process workflows, and enable more intelligent storage tiering to optimize storage costs and performance.
Amazon S3 is accessed simply through the S3 Console, SDKs, or ISV integration. S3 is supported by the AWS SDKs for Java, PHP, .NET, Python, Node.js, Ruby, and the AWS Mobile SDK. The SDK libraries wrap the underlying REST API, simplifying your programming tasks.
Amazon S3 provides durable infrastructure to store important data and is designed for durability of 99.999999999% of objects. Your data is redundantly stored across multiple facilities and multiple devices in each facility.
Amazon provides multiple options for cloud data migration, and makes it simple and cost-effective for you to move large volumes of data out of Amazon S3. Customers can choose from network-optimized, physical disk-based, or third-party connector methods for transfer into or out of S3.
Amazon S3 provides several mechanisms to control and monitor who can access your data as well as how, when, and where they can access it. VPC endpoints allow you to create a secure connection without a gateway or NAT instances.
In addition to S3 Standard, there is a lower-cost Standard - Infrequent Access option for infrequently accessed data, and Amazon Glacier for archiving cold data at the lowest possible cost.
Amazon S3 Select (now in Preview) allows your applications to scan and filter data without the need to retrieve storage, accelerating the performance and reducing the cost of sophisticated analytics.
Amazon has a suite of tools that make analyzing and processing large amounts of data in the cloud faster, including ways to optimize and integrate existing workflows with Amazon S3.
Amazon S3 Select is designed to help analyze and process data within an object in Amazon S3 buckets, faster and cheaper. It works by providing the ability to retrieve a subset of data from an object in Amazon S3 using simple SQL expressions. Your applications no longer have to use compute resources to scan and filter the data from an object, potentially increasing query performance by up to 400%, and reducing query costs as much as 80%. You simply change your application to use SELECT instead of GET to take advantage of S3 Select. During Preview, S3 Select is accessible via API only, and is available in the AWS US East (Ohio), US East (N. Virginia), US West (Oregon), EU (Ireland), and Asia Pacific (Singapore) Regions. S3 Console and command line interface (CLI) are not available during Preview.
Amazon Athena is an interactive query service that makes it easy to analyze data in Amazon S3 using standard SQL. Athena is serverless, so there is no infrastructure to manage, and you pay only for the queries you run.
Athena is easy to use. Simply point to your data in Amazon S3, define the schema, and start querying using standard SQL. Most results are delivered within seconds. With Athena, there's no need for complex ETL jobs to prepare your data for analysis. This makes it easy for anyone with SQL skills to quickly analyze large-scale datasets.
Amazon Redshift also includes Redshift Spectrum, allowing you to directly run SQL queries against exabytes of unstructured data in Amazon S3. No loading or transformation is required, and you can use open data formats, including Avro, CSV, Grok, ORC, Parquet, RCFile, RegexSerDe, SequenceFile, TextFile, and TSV. Redshift Spectrum automatically scales query compute capacity based on the data being retrieved, so queries against Amazon S3 run fast, regardless of data set size.
Amazon S3 makes it easy to manage your data by giving you actionable insight to your data usage patterns and the tools to manage your storage with management policies. All of these management capabilities can be easily administered using the Amazon S3 APIs or the AWS Management Console. The various data management features offered by Amazon S3 are described in detail below.
With Amazon S3 Object Tagging, you can manage and control access for Amazon S3 objects. S3 Object Tags are key-value pairs applied to S3 objects which can be created, updated or deleted at any time during the lifetime of the object. With these, you'll have the ability to create Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies, setup S3 Lifecycle policies, and customize storage metrics. These object-level tags can then manage transitions between storage classes and expire objects in the background.
You can simplify and speed up business workflows and big data jobs using S3 Inventory, which provides a scheduled alternative to Amazon S3's synchronous List API. S3 Inventory provides a CSV (Comma Separated Values) or ORC (Optimized Row Columnar) output of your objects and their corresponding metadata on a daily or weekly basis for an S3 bucket or prefix. S3 Inventory also makes it easy for you to audit and report on object encryption status for your business, compliance, and regulatory needs.
With storage class analysis, you can monitor the access frequency of the objects within your S3 bucket in order to transition less frequently accessed storage to a lower cost storage class. This new S3 Analytics feature observes usage patterns to detect infrequently accessed storage to help you transition the right objects to S3 Standard-IA. You can configure a storage class analysis policy to monitor an entire bucket, a prefix, or object tag. Once S3 Analytics detects that data is a candidate for transition to Standard-IA, you can easily create a new lifecycle policy based on these results. This feature also includes a detailed daily analysis of your storage usage at the specified bucket, prefix, or tag level that you can export to a S3 bucket.
Amazon S3 CloudWatch integration helps you improve your end-user experience by providing integrated monitoring and alarming on a host of different metrics. You can receive 1-minute CloudWatch Metrics, set CloudWatch alarms, and access CloudWatch dashboards to view real-time operations and performance of your Amazon S3 storage. For web and mobile applications that depend on cloud storage, these let you quickly identify and act on operational issues. These 1-minute metrics are available at the S3 bucket level. Additionally, you have the flexibility to define a filter for the metrics collected using a shared prefix or object tag allowing you to align metrics filters to specific business applications, workflows, or internal organizations.
You can use AWS CloudTrail to capture bucket-level (Management Events) and object-level API activity (Data Events) on S3 objects. Data Events include read operations such as GET, HEAD, and Get Object ACL, as well as write operations such as PUT and POST. The detail captured provides support for many types of security, auditing, governance, and compliance use cases. Visit the AWS CloudTrail page for more information on S3 Data Events.
Amazon S3 can automatically assign and change cost and performance characteristics as your data evolves. It can even automate common data lifecycle management tasks, including capacity provisioning, automatic migration to lower cost tiers, regulatory compliance policies, and eventual scheduled deletions.
As your data ages, Amazon S3 takes care of automatically and transparently migrating your data to new hardware as hardware fails or reaches its end of life. This eliminates the need for you to perform expensive, time-consuming, and risky hardware migrations. You can set Lifecycle policies direct Amazon S3 to automatically migrate your data to lower cost storage as your data ages. You can define rules to automatically migrate Amazon S3 objects to Standard - Infrequent Access (Standard - IA) or Amazon Glacier based on the age of the data. You can set lifecycle policies by bucket, prefix, or objects tags, allowing you to specify the granularity most suited to your use case.
When your data reaches its end of life, Amazon S3 provides programmatic options for recurring and high volume deletions. For recurring deletions, rules can be defined to remove sets of objects after a predefined time period. These rules can be applied to objects stored in Standard or Standard - IA, and objects that have been archived to Amazon Glacier.
You can also define lifecycle rules on versions of your Amazon S3 objects to reduce storage costs. For example, you can create rules to automatically – and cleanly - delete older versions of your objects when these versions are no longer needed, saving money and improving performance. Alternatively, you can also create rules to automatically migrate older versions to either Standard - IA or Amazon Glacier in order to further reduce your storage costs.
Cross-region replication (CRR) makes it simple to replicate new objects into any other AWS Region for reduced latency, compliance, disaster recovery, and a number of other use cases. CRR replicates every object uploaded to your source bucket to a destination bucket in a different AWS region that you choose. The metadata, ACLs, and object tags associated with the object are also part of the replication. Once you configure CRR on your source bucket, any changes to the data, metadata, ACLs, or object tags on the object trigger a new replication to the destination bucket.
CRR is a bucket-level configuration and you enable CRR on your bucket by specifying a destination bucket in a different region. With CRR, you can select any AWS regions as the target region or any S3 storage class for your replicated storage according to your need. You can set up CRR across accounts and have distinctly different ownership stack between the source and destination. CRR is a bucket-level configuration and you enable CRR on your bucket by specifying a destination bucket in a different region using either the AWS Management Console, the REST API, the AWS CLI, or the AWS SDKs. Versioning must be turned on for both the source and destination buckets to enable CRR. Learn more.
Amazon S3 offers several features for managing and controlling your costs. You can use the AWS Management Console or the Amazon S3 APIs to apply tags to your Amazon S3 buckets, enabling you to allocate your costs across multiple business dimensions, including cost centers, application names, or owners. You can then view breakdowns of these costs using Amazon Web Services' Cost Allocation Reports, which show your usage and costs aggregated by your bucket tags. For more information on Cost Allocation and tagging, please visit About AWS Account Billing. For more information on tagging your Amazon S3 buckets, please see the Bucket Tagging topic in the Amazon S3 Developer Guide.
You can use Amazon CloudWatch to receive billing alerts that help you monitor the Amazon S3 charges on your bill. You can set up an alert to be notified automatically via e-mail when estimated charges reach a threshold that you choose. For additional information on billing alerts, you can visit the billing alerts page or see the Monitor Your Estimated Charges topic in the Amazon CloudWatch Developer Guide.
Amazon S3 event notifications can be sent in response to actions taken on objects uploaded or stored in Amazon S3. Notification messages can be sent through either Amazon SNS or Amazon SQS, or delivered directly to AWS Lambda to invoke AWS Lambda functions.
Amazon S3 event notifications enable you to run workflows, send alerts, or perform other actions in response to changes in your objects stored in Amazon S3. You can use Amazon S3 event notifications to set up triggers to perform actions including transcoding media files when they are uploaded, processing data files when they become available, and synchronizing Amazon S3 objects with other data stores. You can also set up event notifications based on object name prefixes and suffixes. For example, you can choose to receive notifications on object names that start with "images/." It may also be used to keep a secondary index of Amazon S3 objects in sync.
Amazon S3 event notifications are set up at the bucket level, and you can configure them through the Amazon S3 console, through the REST API, or by using an AWS SDK.
To learn more visit the Configuring Notifications for Amazon S3 Events topic in the Amazon S3 Developer Guide.
Amazon S3 provides a highly durable storage infrastructure designed for mission-critical and primary data storage. Amazon S3 redundantly stores data in multiple facilities and on multiple devices within each facility. To increase durability, Amazon S3 synchronously stores your data across multiple facilities before confirming that the data has been successfully stored. In addition, Amazon S3 calculates checksums on all network traffic to detect corruption of data packets when storing or retrieving data. Unlike traditional systems, which can require laborious data verification and manual repair, Amazon S3 performs regular, systematic data integrity checks and is built to be automatically self-healing.
Standard is:
- Backed with the Amazon S3 Service Level Agreement for availability.
- Designed for 99.999999999% durability and 99.99% availability of objects over a given year.
- Designed to sustain the concurrent loss of data in two facilities.
Standard - Infrequent Access is:
- Backed with the Amazon S3 Service Level Agreement for availability.
- Designed for 99.999999999% durability and 99.9% availability of objects over a given year.
- Designed to sustain the concurrent loss of data in two facilities.
Amazon Glacier is:
- Designed for 99.999999999% durability of objects over a given year.
- Designed to sustain the concurrent loss of data in two facilities.
Amazon has a suite of tools that make migrating data into the cloud faster, including ways to optimize or replace your network, and ways to integrate existing workflows with S3.
Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration is designed to maximize transfer speeds to Amazon S3 buckets over long distances. It works by carrying HTTP and HTTPS traffic over a highly optimized network bridge that runs between the AWS Edge Location nearest your clients and your Amazon S3 bucket. There are no gateway servers to manage, no firewalls to open, no special ports or clients to integrate or upfront fees to pay. You simply change the Amazon S3 endpoint that your application uses to transfer data and acceleration is automatically applied. Use Transfer Acceleration if you:
- Need faster uploads from clients that are located far away from your bucket, for instance across countries or continents.
- Have clients located outside of your own datacenters, who rely on the public internet to reach Amazon S3. For clients inside your own datacenters, consider AWS Direct Connect.
From petabytes to exabytes, AWS data migration services use secure devices to transfer large amounts of data into and out of Amazon S3. AWS Snowball, AWS Snowball Edge and AWS Snowmobile address common challenges with large-scale data transfers including high network costs, long transfer times, and security concerns. Transferring data with is simple, fast, secure, and can be as little as one-fifth the cost of high-speed Internet.
Data or storage systems that that exist on-premises can be easily linked to Amazon S3 using the AWS Storage Gateway. This means your existing systems, software, processes and data can be streamlined into the cloud for backup, migration, tiering or bursting with minimal disruption.
A number of ISV partners are integrated with Amazon S3 for simplified data transfer and retrieval. Visit the AWS Storage Partner Solutions page for a list of approved AWS partner solutions.
Data stored in Amazon S3 is secure by default; only bucket and object owners have access to the Amazon S3 resources they create. Amazon S3 supports multiple access control mechanisms, as well as encryption for both secure transit and secure storage at rest. With Amazon S3's data protection features, you can protect your data from both logical and physical failures, guarding against data loss from unintended user actions, application errors, and infrastructure failures. For customers who must comply with regulatory standards such as PCI and HIPAA, Amazon S3's data protection features can be used as part of an overall strategy to achieve compliance. The various data security and reliability features offered by Amazon S3 are described in detail below.
Amazon Macie uses machine learning to automatically discover, classify, and protect sensitive data in AWS. Amazon Macie recognizes sensitive data such as personally identifiable information (PII) or intellectual property, and provides you with dashboards and alerts that give visibility into how this data is being accessed or moved. The fully managed service continuously monitors data access activity for anomalies, and generates detailed alerts when it detects risk of unauthorized access or inadvertent data leaks.
Amazon S3 supports several mechanisms that give you flexibility to control who can access your data as well as how, when, and where they can access it. Amazon S3 provides four different access control mechanisms: AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies, Access Control Lists (ACLs), bucket policies, and query string authentication. IAM enables organizations to create and manage multiple users under a single AWS account. With IAM policies, you can grant IAM users fine-grained control to your Amazon S3 bucket or objects. You can use ACLs to selectively add (grant) certain permissions on individual objects. Amazon S3 bucket policies can be used to add or deny permissions across some or all of the objects within a single bucket. With Query string authentication, you have the ability to share Amazon S3 objects through URLs that are valid for a specified period of time.
The S3 console highlights your publicly accessible S3 buckets and also warns you if your changes to bucket policies and bucket ACLs will make that bucket publicly accessible.
You can access Amazon S3 from your Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) using VPC endpoints. VPC endpoints are easy to configure and provide reliable connectivity to Amazon S3 without requiring an Internet gateway or a Network Address Translation (NAT) instance. With VPC endpoints, the data between an Amazon VPC and Amazon S3 is transferred within the Amazon network, helping protect your instances from Internet traffic. Amazon VPC endpoints for Amazon S3 provide multiple levels of security controls to help limit access to S3 buckets. First, you can require that requests to your Amazon S3 buckets originate from a VPC using a VPC endpoint. Additionally, you can control what buckets, requests, users, or groups are allowed through a specific VPC endpoint.
You can securely upload or download your data to Amazon S3 via the SSL-encrypted endpoints using the HTTPS protocol. Amazon S3 can automatically encrypt your data at rest and gives you several choices for key management. You can configure your S3 buckets to automatically encrypt objects before storing them in S3 if the incoming storage requests do not have the encryption information. Alternatively, you can use a client encryption library such as the Amazon S3 Encryption Client to encrypt your data before uploading to Amazon S3.
If you choose to have Amazon S3 encrypt your data at rest with server-side encryption (SSE), Amazon S3 will automatically encrypt your data on write and decrypt your data on retrieval. When Amazon S3 SSE encrypts data at rest, it uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 256-bit symmetric keys. If you choose server-side encryption with Amazon S3, there are three ways to manage the encryption keys.
SSE with Amazon S3 Key Management (SSE-S3)
With SSE-S3, Amazon S3 will encrypt your data at rest and manage the encryption keys for you.
SSE with Customer-Provided Keys (SSE-C)
With SSE-C, Amazon S3 will encrypt your data at rest using the custom encryption keys that you provide. To use SSE-C, simply include your custom encryption key in your upload request, and Amazon S3 encrypts the object using that key and securely stores the encrypted data at rest. Similarly, to retrieve an encrypted object, provide your custom encryption key, and Amazon S3 decrypts the object as part of the retrieval. Amazon S3 doesn't store your encryption key anywhere; the key is immediately discarded after Amazon S3 completes your requests.
SSE with AWS KMS (SSE-KMS)
With SSE-KMS, Amazon S3 will encrypt your data at rest using keys that you manage in the AWS Key Management Service (KMS). Using AWS KMS for key management provides several benefits. With AWS KMS, there are separate permissions for the use of the master key, providing an additional layer of control as well as protection against unauthorized access to your object stored in Amazon S3. AWS KMS provides an audit trail so you can see who used your key to access which object and when, as well as view failed attempts to access data from users without permission to decrypt the data. Additionally, AWS KMS provides additional security controls to support customer efforts to comply with PCI-DSS, HIPAA/HITECH, and FedRAMP industry requirements.
For more information refer to the Using Data Encryption topics in the Amazon S3 Developer Guide.
Amazon S3 also supports logging of requests made against your Amazon S3 resources. You can configure your Amazon S3 bucket to create access log records for the requests made against it. These server access logs capture all requests made against a bucket or the objects in it and can be used for auditing purposes.
For more information on the security features available in Amazon S3, please refer to the Access Control topic in the Amazon S3 Developer Guide. For an overview of security on AWS, including Amazon S3, please refer to Amazon Web Services: Overview of Security Processes document.
Amazon S3 provides further protection with versioning capability. You can use versioning to preserve, retrieve, and restore every version of every object stored in your Amazon S3 bucket. This allows you to easily recover from both unintended user actions and application failures. By default, requests will retrieve the most recently written version. Older versions of an object can be retrieved by specifying a version in the request. Storage rates apply for every version stored. You can configure lifecycle rules to automatically control the lifetime and cost of storing multiple versions.
Amazon S3 provides additional security with Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) Delete. When enabled, this feature requires the use of a multi-factor authentication device to delete objects stored in Amazon S3 to help protect previous versions of your objects.
By enabling MFA Delete on your Amazon S3 bucket, you can only change the versioning state of your bucket or permanently delete an object version when you provide two forms of authentication together:
- Your AWS account credentials
- The concatenation of a valid serial number, a space, and the six-digit code displayed on an approved authentication device
Amazon S3 supports query string authentication, which allows you to provide a URL that is valid only for a length of time that you define. This time limited URL can be useful for scenarios such as software downloads or other applications where you want to restrict the length of time users have access to an object. Learn more
Your use of this service is subject to the Amazon Web Services Customer Agreement


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You may not know Cliff Ravenscraft, but I promise you know the people who come to him for podcasting advice.
If you look at the top Management & Marketing podcasts on iTunes, you'll see names like Amy Porterfield, Pat Flynn, Michael Stelzner, and Michael Hyatt. What you don't see is the person all of them come to for podcasting advice.
That man? Cliff Ravenscraft, a.k.a. The Podcast Answer Man.
If there's anyone on the planet who knows podcasting, it's Cliff. With literal hundreds (thousands?) of podcasts under his belt, a podcast network, and veritable Who's Who in podcasting clients, Cliff's title is aptly suited. The man lives, breathes, eats, and speaks podcasts.
I struck up a friendship with Cliff at Michael Hyatt's SCORRE Conference and the rest, they say, is history. A quick invite to be on #ThinkDigital and Cliff gladly obliged to share with you the magic that is podcasting.
So sit back, listen up, and take notes. Cliff Ravenscraft is on the show today and he's ready to answer all your podcasting questions. Enjoy!
Listen to the Show
You can listen to the episode in full below. Please take a moment to subscribe, rate, and review #THINKDIGITAL as well.
Resources Section
Here are links to the resources we cover in this episode:
- Cliff's blog
- Cliff's free podcasting tutorial
- Diplo mix I talked about
- Our latest offer for Think Digital Academy
- Leave a review for this podcast on iTunes
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Spread the Love!
[Tweet "Today on #ThinkDigital I learned @GSPN is a podcasting wizard."]
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subset: commoncrawl


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Aerial view of the Landmark Hotel tower, with Circus Circus in the background, in the late 1960s or early 1970s.]]>
Marquees of the Silver Slipper, Desert Inn and Frontier Hotels in Las Vegas, Nevada, at twilight. The Sands Hotel tower can be seen in the distance.]]>
Exterior view of the Flamingo Hotel at sunset. The illuminated champagne tower is visible and a marquee advertising Betty Grable and Harry James is seen in the background.]]>


text: Hi,On 30/05/06, Dave Jones <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote:> On Tue, May 30, 2006 at 12:41:08AM +0200, Ingo Molnar wrote:>> > > =====================================================> > > [ BUG: possible circular locking deadlock detected! ]> > > -----------------------------------------------------> > > modprobe/1942 is trying to acquire lock:> > > (&anon_vma->lock){--..}, at: [<c10609cf>] anon_vma_link+0x1d/0xc9> > >> > > but task is already holding lock:> > > (&mm->mmap_sem/1){--..}, at: [<c101e5a0>] copy_process+0xbc6/0x1519> > >> > > which lock already depends on the new lock,> > > which could lead to circular deadlocks!> >> > hm, this one could perhaps be a real bug. Dave: lockdep complains about> > having observed:> >> > anon_vma->lock => mm->mmap_sem> > mm->mmap_sem => anon_vma->lock> >> > locking sequences, in the cpufreq code. Is there some special runtime> > behavior that still makes this safe, or is it a real bug?>> I'm feeling a bit overwhelmed by the voluminous output of this checker.> Especially as (directly at least) cpufreq doesn't touch vma's, or mmap's.>> The first stack trace it shows has us down in the bowels of cpu hotplug,> where we're taking the cpucontrol sem. The second stack trace shows> us in cpufreq_update_policy taking a per-cpu data->lock semaphore.>> Now, I notice this is modprobe triggering this, and this *looks* like> we're loading two modules simultaneously (the first trace is from a> scaling driver like powernow-k8 or the like, whilst the second trace> is from cpufreq-stats)./etc/init.d/cpuspeed starts very early$ ls /etc/rc5.d/ | grep cpuS06cpuspeedI have this in my /etc/rc.localmodprobe -i cpufreq_conservativemodprobe -i cpufreq_ondemandmodprobe -i cpufreq_powersavemodprobe -i cpufreq_statsmodprobe -i cpufreq_userspacemodprobe -i freq_table>> How on earth did we get into this situation?Just before gdm starts, while /etc/rc.local is processed.> module loading is supposed> to be serialised on the module_mutex no ?>> It's been a while since a debug patch has sent me in search of paracetamol ;)>> DaveRegards,Michal-- Michal K. K. PiotrowskiLTG - Linux Testers Group(http://www.stardust.webpages.pl/ltg/wiki/)-To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" inthe body of a message to firstname.lastname@example.com majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.htmlPlease read the FAQ at http://www.tux.org/lkml/


text:
Who reduces Animalism to the phrase "Four legs good, two legs bad"? Also, who teaches the sheep to chant "Four legs good, two legs better"?
- print Print
- list Cite
The answer to this question can be found very close to the beginning of Chapter 3. The answer is that it is Snowball who comes up with this way of boiling down the commandments. He says that if any animal could just remember this idea, they would be safe from being bad like the humans.
This sort of goes along with the idea in the beginning of this chapter that most of the animals were just too dumb to learn much. Because they were too dumb, Snowball needed to make the commandments simpler so that everyone could understand them.
Snowball reduces the slogan to "Four legs good, two legs bad" because most of the animals on the farm were unintelligent and were not able to memorize all the commandments.
Since the pigs had learned to walk on their hind leg Squealer had the job to teach the pigs the slogan "Four legs good, two legs better" in order for the other animals to start beleiving in this statement also.


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In this kind of baby-sitting, we stand as the employer of the nanny you have already chosen. To do so, we take care of all hiring processes (drafting of the work contract, payment of salary and social fees, liability insurance in case of damage) so that you won't have to worry about doing it.
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text:
Minoru Hirahara, Kawasaki JP
Minoru Hirahara, Kawasaki JP
|Patent application number
|Power supply device, signal output apparatus and power supply method - A power supply device capable of suitably reducing a loss even in a case where power is supplied to an output device which outputs a high-frequency signal, a signal output apparatus in which a loss is suitably reduced, and a power supply method capable of suitably reducing a loss. The power supply device has a power supply section which supplies a power supply voltage to an output device which is supplied with the power supply voltage and outputs an output signal, and a voltage control section which controls the power supply section so that the power supply voltage follows the envelope of the output signal from the output device.
|Uninterruptible power supply apparatus - An uninterruptible power supply device connects a battery for power-outage backup to the output side of an AC/DC converter. An input monitoring circuit monitors alternating current input of the AC/DC converter and outputs an alternating current input monitor signal E
|Voltage converting device and voltage converting method - A changing-speed calculator monitors a current value of an output current flowing through a load circuit to calculate a change speed of the current value. A correction-amount obtaining unit reads from a correction-amount table a correction amount of a duty ratio corresponding to the change speed of the output current. A reference-voltage comparator compares a voltage value of an output voltage to be applied to the load circuit and a predetermined reference voltage with each other, and then notifies a duty-ratio determining unit of the comparison result. The duty-ratio determining unit performs feedback control according to the comparison result of the voltage values to correct the duty ratio. After correcting the duty ratio, the duty-ratio determining unit further corrects the duty ratio by the correction amount obtained by the correction-amount obtaining unit.
|TEMPERATURE CONTROL DEVICE - A thermostatic-chamber temperature control device includes: a heating element for heating a thermostatic chamber; a bridge circuit having a temperature sensitive element whose resistance value varies in accordance with the temperature of the heating element; a detection circuit for detecting an unbalanced voltage of the bridge circuit; a PWM signal generating circuit for generating a PWM signal corresponding to the unbalanced voltage detected by the detection circuit; and a switching element that has a current output terminal connected to the heating element and a current input terminal connected to a power supply circuit and is driven on the basis of the PWM signal generated by the PWM signal generating circuit.
|Power supply device and electronic apparatus - A power supply device includes a first supply section that supplies power according to an extent of a collective load of processing in a processing apparatus for the whole of the processing apparatus which processes data, and further includes a second supply section that supplies, at a place on a supply path through which power is supplied from the first supply section to the processing apparatus, power according to an extent of a load of processing in local in a portion of the processing apparatus to the portion, and supplies power smaller than supplying power of the first supply section.
|Power supply device and electronic apparatus - A power supply device includes: a power supply plane to which a processing circuit is electrically connected to supply electrical power to the processing circuit and in which the processing circuits are connected to each supply place; plural OBP's each of which applies a voltage to the power supply plane to supply electrical power to the processing circuits via the power supply plane; and a power supply control section which controls an application voltage in individual one of the OBP's by reflecting a status of power supplying in other OBP's other than the individual one out of the plural OBP's to uniform a dispersion of voltages between the supply places.
|Power supply device and electronic apparatus - A power supply device includes: a power supply connector which receives supply of power and supplies the power to the outside thereof; plural OBPs which apply voltages to supply power, to each of processing devices to perform processing and to include different types of application voltages planned to be applied, and each of the plural OBPs is supplied with power directly or indirectly from the power supply connector; and a power supply control section that increases and decreases supplying power which each of the OBPs supplies to one processing device out of the plural processing devices according to an extent of a processing load in the one processing device as well as according to an extent of a processing load in another processing device whose application voltage is different from that of the one processing device.
|Power supply device and electronic apparatus - A power supply device includes: a first supply section that supplies power in accordance with an extent of a load in processing in a processing device by applying a voltage to the processing device which processes data; and a second supply section that supplies, to the processing device, power smaller than the supplying power by the first supply section, in accordance with an extent of a load in processing in the processing device to increase and decrease a voltage with respect to the application voltage by the first supply section.
|POWER CIRCUIT AND RADIO COMMUNICATION CIRCUIT USING SAME AND METHOD OF OPERATING A CIRCUIT - A power circuit and method thereof are provided. The power circuit includes an output circuit having an alternating current-coupling element and that supplies an output signal of the output circuit to an amplifier as a driving voltage. The power circuit includes an envelope signal-extracting unit extracting an envelope signal from a carrier wave, a simulation signal-waveform generating unit generating a simulation signal including a fluctuation component occurring when the envelope signal is transmitted to the output circuit, a fluctuation component-extracting unit extracting the fluctuation component included in the simulation signal, and an inverted component-generating unit generating an inverted component obtained by performing phase inversion for the fluctuation component, where the fluctuation component occurring in the output circuit is canceled out through the inverted component.
Patent applications by Minoru Hirahara, Kawasaki JP


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Electrical problem
2001 Ford Escape 4 cyl Two Wheel Drive Manual 184000 miles
Just today my car was running fine then an hour later I was going to leave and the car would not start it cranks but it sounds slower then usual. The battery is good there is spark and fuel but it sounds like it cranks fast then it slows down right away. I checked the plugs coil and wires and I see sparks and the plugs are still clean.
have the same problem?
Sunday, November 22nd, 2009 AT 1:45 AM


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Finding Popular eZines
Joe Beaven
Posted Sep 3, 2003 3:43 AM
I'm looking for online newsletters with 40,000+ members in the areas of 'eBay Selling' and 'Web Design'. I've found a few so far: "Creative eBay Selling" and "Cool Site of the Day" for example, but it's been very difficult to find any others.
Please could someone suggest some good ezines with large amounts of subscribers in those to categories?
Thank you very much.
Joe Beaven
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As this year's South by Southwest (SXSW) new media extravaganza gets into full gear this week in Austin, reports are emerging that television news outlet CNN is in talks to buy the social media-centric news site Mashable for $200 million or more. First on the story was Reuters' Felix Salmon, with the New York Times quickly confirming that talks were underway. Salmon reports that an official announcement could come as early as Tuesday, although other sources allegedly familiar with the matter do not expect an announcement this week.
CNN declined to comment on the reports; Mashable did not immediately respond to requests for comment.
CNN pioneered the cable news television field — the full name is Cable News Network, after all — but has been looking to evolve its business more fully into Internet media as the audience for traditional and cable television has dwindled while consumption of Internet-based and mobile media skyrockets.
Mashable was founded in 2005, and the site's coverage runs the gamut of topics related to the Internet and social media, with strong coverage of startups and major firms like Facebook and Twitter.
If the deal goes through, it'll be CNN's second recent buy into digital media in the last several months: in August 2011, the company bought Zite, an magazine-like iPad news application.
This article was originally posted on Digital Trends
More from Digital Trends
Facebook acquires Gowalla to help with Timeline
Infographics for all! Visual.ly debuts its new creation platform and explains the Web's infographic infatuation
Photos: On the streets and inside the show at SXSW


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|Reviews for Peer Pressure: A Rock Band Story
| Mr. Awesome Guitarfreak chapter 2 . 11/7/2010
| icey cold chapter 2 . 11/3/2010
Lola's bible is too hot for print. I do hope she has some sort of secret quality though, other than being slightly off-kilter, down to party, and infatuated with David Bowie's codpiece.
The Labyrinth reference was very appropriate, as was Dionysis/David Bowie. Now, if only our bass guitarist and lead guitarist could find a drummer with one foot in the River Styx and a London vampire, they'd be all set! You could make it a scavenger hunt!
| icey cold chapter 1 . 11/3/2010
ROFL. Practical socialism. That line is just brilliant. Lots of little witty gems. "Did you know you can't sing?" "Well, did you know you can't drive?"
I'm definitely getting the personalities of these two. And yours is shining through, since you're quite hysterical. But yes, I imagine Ooh-lala isn't very good at running away. Not in her 9 to 5 heels. ;)


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The Racing Capital
of the World
October 21, 2013 | By Paul Kelly
Jorge Lorenzo of Yamaha Factory Racing won the Australian Grand Prix on Sunday, Oct. 20, the 16th of 18 events in the 2013 MotoGP World Championship that included the Red Bull Indianapolis GP on Aug. 16-18 at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
But it's time to take a look beyond the results sheets for trends after this race.
Game On: Rookie sensation Marc Marquez entered the Australian Grand Prix prepared for a coronation lap, leading the World Championship by 43 points and needed to score just eight more points than Jorge Lorenzo to become the first rookie to win the premier-class title since American legend Kenny Roberts in 1978.
Instead, Marquez left the Phillip Island Circuit facing a large fight for the title with just two races remaining.
Marquez was black-flagged from the race for disobeying special tire rules for this event and scored zero points on his Honda. Lorenzo won on his Yamaha to earn a maximum 25 points. Marquez's lead was sliced to just 18 points.
Honda and Repsol Honda team strategists made a huge mistake that led to Marquez's disqualification. Excessive tire wear caused by new asphalt forced officials to trim the race distance from the scheduled 27 laps to just 19 laps since Bridgestone couldn't guarantee the safety of its rear tire past 10 laps.
Riders were ordered to make a mandatory pit stop during the race to change bikes, and no rider could complete more than 10 laps on one set of tires. Marquez inexplicably went the first 11 laps before pitting on his Repsol Honda RC213V and was black-flagged from the race while running second behind Lorenzo.
There is only a five-point difference between first and second, so Lorenzo will need help to win the title even if he sweeps the final two races. Two-time MotoGP World Champion Lorenzo shouldn't expect any help from Spanish rival Dani Pedrosa, Marquez's teammate and the other member of the leading trio that has won all but one race so far this season. It's unlikely Repsol Honda will issue explicit team orders to Pedrosa to stay behind Marquez, but that message will be implied to Pedrosa in a less-than-subtle fashion this week.
Steady As He Goes: Cal Crutchlow received the most attention among non-factory team riders earlier this season, riding to four podium finishes and a pole in the first eight races of the season on his Tech 3 Yamaha.
But Alvaro Bautista has been the most consistent non-factory team rider in the second half on his Gresini Honda.
Bautista often is maligned and overlooked as being the "other Spaniard" when compared to superstars and fellow Spaniards Marc Marquez, Jorge Lorenzo and Dani Pedrosa. But he has finished fifth or better in seven of the last nine races, earning him the title of "best of the rest" behind Yamaha and Honda factory riders Lorenzo, Valentino Rossi, Marquez and Pedrosa.
Gresini Honda fields a factory-spec machine for Bautista, but it does not have the budget or technical staff of full works outfits. So the results of Bautista and Gresini have been impressive.
Bad Break for Redding: The Moto2 championship race also was blown wide apart Sunday at Phillip Island after championship leader Scott Redding fell from his Marc VDS machine and suffered a broken left wrist in a crash during qualifying and did not race.
Spaniard Pol Esparagaro took the championship lead from Redding by 16 points after winning the race Sunday and scoring the maximum 25 points.
It's unlikely British rider Redding will try to race at the penultimate event of the season Sunday, Oct. 27 at Motegi, Japan, after doctors repaired Redding's wrist with a plate and six screws in surgery Saturday night.
TOP FIVE FINISHERS (Australian Grand Prix, Phillip Island, Australia):
1. Jorge Lorenzo Yamaha Factory Racing
2. Dani Pedrosa Repsol Honda Team
3. Valentino Rossi Yamaha Factory Racing
4. Cal Crutchlow Monster Yamaha Tech 3
5. Alvaro Bautista GO&FUN Honda Gresini
American finishers: Nicky Hayden, Ducati Team, seventh; Colin Edwards, NGM Mobile Forward Racing, 12th.
1. Marc Marquez 298
2. Jorge Lorenzo 280
3. Dani Pedrosa 264
4. Valentino Rossi 214
5. Cal Crutchlow 179
American points: Nicky Hayden, ninth; 111; Colin Edwards, 14th, 36; Ben Spies, 21st; 9.
Grand Prix of Japan, Oct. 27, Twin Ring Motegi, Motegi, Japan.
2014 tickets: Tickets for the 2014 Red Bull Indianapolis GP will go on sale Monday, Nov. 4 by visiting www.ims.com/tickets, calling 800-822-INDY or 317-492-6700 or visiting the IMS Ticket Office at the IMS Administration Building at the corner of Georgetown Road and 16th Street between 8 a.m.-5 p.m. (ET) Monday-Friday.
Tickets for groups of 20 or more also are available. Contact the IMS Group Sales Department at 866-221-8775 for more information.
Information on camping at IMS during the Red Bull Indianapolis GP is available at www.ims.com/tickets. Hotel package information can be found at visitindy.com/redbullhotels.