text:
Are you sure?
This action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue?
A Synopsis On
Submitted to: Mrs. Jayeeta Biswas
Submitted By: Santosh Singh Chauhan(0513331090) Prakash Chandra Bharti(0513331075) Pramod Kumar Singh(0513331076) Punit Kumar Rurkiwal(0513331081)
List of Contents
Preface Acknowledgement 1. Profile of Company 1.1 Gnix Philosophy and Mission 1.2 Company Partner - Ducat India 1.3 Services 1.4 Support 2. Microcontroller 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Definition of a Microcontroller 2.3 Pin Configuration 2.4 Reset Circuit 2.5 Ram Architecture 2.6 Microcontrollers vs Microprocessors 2.7 Central Processing Unit 2.8 Bus 2.9 Input Output Unit 2.10 Serial Communication 2.11 Timer Unit 3. LCD Interfacing 3.1 Pin description 3.2 DDRAM - Display Data RAM 3.3 BF - Busy Flag 3.4 Instruction Register (IR) and Data Register (DR) 3.5 Commands and Instruction set 3.6 Sending Commands to LCD 4. DC Motor Interfacing 4.1 Push-pull four channel driver 4.2 Block Diagram 4.3 Features 5. Power Supply System 5.1 Power Supply Circuit 5.2 Transformer 5.3 Rectifier 5.4 Regulator 5.5 Filter 5.6 LED (Light Emitting Diodes) 5.7 Circuit Operation 6. Project Description 6.1 Introduction of Project 6.2 Circuit Diagram of Metro Train Prototype 6.3 Project Methodology 6.4 Procedure 6.5 General Working 7. Future Scope 8. References and Bibliography Appendix: List of diagrams Coding
1 2 3 3 3 4 7 8 8 8 10 12 13 16 17 17 18 19 20 21 21 22 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 25 26 26 27 28 28 29 29 29 30 30 31 32 33 33 34 35 36 37
This training report is all about the embedded systems and its application in various fields of real world. We are living in the Embedded World. We are surrounded with many embedded products and our daily life largely depends on the proper functioning of these gadgets. Television, Radio, CD player, Washing Machine or Microwave Oven in our kitchen, Card readers, Access Controllers, Palm devices of our work space enable us to do many of our tasks very effectively. Apart from all these, many controllers embedded in our car take care of car operations between the bumpers. All kinds of magazines and journals regularly dish out details about latest technologies, new devices; fast applications which make us believe that our basic survival is controlled by these embedded products. Now we can agree to the fact that these embedded products have successfully invaded into our world. What is this Embedded System? Theoretically, an embedded controller is a combination of piece of microprocessor based hardware and the suitable software to undertake a specific task. I have made a Project based on Microcontroller that is a Prototype of Metro Train. This training report covers all about the microcontroller and project description. In this project I have implemented the Prototype of Metro Train that is describing a small application of microcontroller.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to GnixINFOSOFT for giving me an opportunity to undergo my Industrial Training for six week as well as DUCAT, Noida for providing me the knowledge of Embedded System. I would also like to thank to all the technical experts, engineers and executives for explaining practical aspects of the theoretical knowledge. My greatest debt in creating this project goes to the technical experts Mr. Chandra Prakash, Mr. Amrit Pal and Mr. Devajyoti Barman. I would also like to acknowledge my teacher Mr. Ashutosh Kumar who has given me the basic concepts of C under Linux. Thank you to Sir for encouraging me every step of the way. I am deeply indebted to my HOD Mr. V K Pandey and to coordinator Mr. Satyendra Sharma whose help, stimulating suggestions and encouragements was always with me.
1. Profile of the Company- GnixINFOSOFT
Started as a software outsourcing center, Gnix has later diversified its activities by developing and distributing its own software solutions. Its expertise spans a wide and constantly expanding array of technologies and programming languages. Gnix is the number one choice for global enterprises seeking offshore software development. In the outsourcing arena it can offer anything from product design and development to maintenance of legacy systems, testing and technical support. In addition, it can handle Internet and intranet technologies, system programming, business applications and web-based solutions. While it focuses on Java and Microsoft technologies, it can cover other areas as well, by enlisting the help of their partner companies.
1.1 Gnix Philosophy and Mission in its own words
Driven by an insatiable desire to learn and adjust, we are aiming to build an enduring bridge for you, one that can take you to a world free of the IT&C worries. Apply the principle "Think Unlimited" by letting us bring the future closer to you, so that when major and unexpected changes occur you are ready for them, even welcoming them with a peaceful smile on your face.
1.2 Company Partner- Ducat India
Ducat is a technology training partner, whose projects are focused on providing an extensible development platform and application frameworks for building software. Ducat provides extensible tools and frameworks that span the software development lifecycle, including support for modeling, language development environments for Java, .NET, ABAP/4, IBM Mainframe, AS/400, RTO-Linux, C/C++ and others, testing and performance, business intelligence, rich client applications and Embedded development. Resulting from the profound combination of DUCAT's training and development experience, and its customer relationship processes, Ducat INDIA offers a complete tailored and personalized framework for supporting its existing and future customers, be it locally or globally.
Their Core Values - Quality - Reliability - Responsibility - Honesty - Flexibility - Elegance Gnix is a highly experienced team of software developers specializing in emerging internet and web technologies. It builds professional, innovative and creative solutions for the web, based on open source components, open standards and frameworks. It works closely with their clients to provide a clear vision and understanding of how emerging technologies can be used to gain a distinct advantage over their competitors.
It tries to push the technologies further by embracing and even triggering changes, to impress us with their professional approach and innovative solutions as providers of both software outsourcing and proprietary software applications.
Develop World-Class Application Management Skills
To stay competitive, organizations need to adopt a proactive approach to Web application performance management. Enterprise IT teams must continually measure performance and identify potential bottlenecks throughout each stage of the application lifecycle - development, QA and production. By doing so, these teams can better ensure that performance issues are identified quickly and accurately before application failures affect customers and threaten revenue streams. But adopting a proactive management approach for next-generation composite applications often requires developing new roles, processes and skills for detecting, triaging and resolving performance issues.
Gnix offers a range of professional IT consulting services to global companies. Designed to update and enhance internal and external business systems, these services include IT project management, strategy development, upgrades, systems advice and more. No high quality product can be used efficiently today without embedding it in a rich framework of services. Although their products render a high degree of user-friendliness, other problems 6
remain to be solved that their located down- or upstream of the software use.
Their consultants are experts in IT services. Their experience in IT and in depth knowledge of business essentials can save our considerable time and money. Let them improve the performance of our IT department and our business. Apart from their services in Web Marketing, their IT Department offers expert technical support, making available the solutions to both complex queries and some of the more commonly asked questions.
Spectrum of services
The close combination of development and consulting is the foundation of a continuing improvement process of their products. By these means products are created that are directly targeting the needs of their customers. To accomplish the best service for their customers, the following areas are their prior objectives: * Elaboration of the strategic goals * Individual and guided survey of the analysis problem * Selection of the best suited analysis methods (model selection) * Porting of existing data * Development of an individually tailored integration concept into existing data- processing infrastructures * Extensive training and the encouragement of the internal and external acceptance * Individual support and maintenance
It emphasizes in the following fields
Programming languages / platforms OS (Operating System) * C, C++ * .NET, VB.NET, ASP.NET, C#.NET * JAVA, J2EE, JSP, Servlets, RMI, CORBA * PHP, Perl, Python * MS Windows NT / 2000 / XP * Linux Databases Technologies * Oracle * DB / 2 * MS SQL * My SQL, etc. * Interprocess communication * Client-server application development * Interoperability (CORBA) * Distributed networks und multiplatform programming
Consulting Areas * Data mining and data analysis for the banking and insurance industry * Value at Risk and combined risk analysis methods * Selection of the appropriate data mining techniques and infrastructures * Use of artificial intelligence (neural networks, genetic algorithms) and autoregressive methods
Mission : Global Management To provide customers with the techniques and tools required for the economical implementation of high quality software systems. Gnix Infosoft provides strategic technology management advice to organizations with internal software development capabilities. It specializes in preparing organizations for software development in-the-large, and in managing the risks of 8
product development in a geographically distributed team environment. As software development process and tool experts, Gnix is able to integrate the components of software development environment and to achieve new levels of productivity. Their consultants have an extensive track record of guiding software organizations through difficult technology transitions and paradigm shifts. It can supply the methods, architecture skills, and tools to set up an efficient software factory based on software product-line architectures. Their consultants can help in implementing best practices for iterative software development that go beyond the scope of the IBM Rational Unified Process or agile approaches such as Extreme Programming. How much or how little process we need depends not only on the size of our organization and the scale of our projects, it also depends on the skills and experience levels of the individuals in our team. The best results are obtained if the approach is fine-tuned to the specific characteristics of the type of software developed, and if tools are used to eliminate highly repetitive and manual steps. This is what we call industrialized software asset development. Many of the tools Gnix recommends are available as Open Source software, and can be configured to work on different technology platforms.
Support options * Telephone support * Email support * Onsite support COMING SOON * Forum support 9
* CHAT support Gnix Infosoft, is committed to providing high quality innovative Information Technology (IT) solutions at cost-effective prices. It provides custom IT solutions for businesses, nonprofit organizations, government agencies, and the military. Gnix Infosoft specializes in integrating commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) IT products into custom solutions for their clients. Gnix is a solution provider of Information Technology (IT) products and services that include: * Custom / proprietary applications * Expert System maintenance aids * Information and Knowledge Management solutions * Web sites, Intranet/Extranet, Portals, Custom Web applications * Mobile handheld solutions * Wireless network and surveillance solutions * Computer Help Desk solutions for corporations, government agencies, and software publishers * IT Consulting * ON-DEMAND wide-area video, audio, and data recording, storage solution * Creating, editing, and publishing (print and online) custom and proprietary documents
2.1 Introduction
Circumstances that we find ourselves in today in the field of microcontrollers had their beginnings in the development of technology of integrated circuits. This development has made it possible to store hundreds of thousands of transistors into one chip. That was a prerequisite for production of microprocessors, and the first computers were made by adding external peripherals such as memory, input-output lines, timers and other. Further increasing of the volume of the package resulted in creation of integrated circuits. These integrated circuits contained both processor and peripherals. That is how the first chip containing a microcomputer, or what would later be known as a microcontroller came about.
2.2 Definition of a Microcontroller
Microcontroller, as the name suggests, are small controllers. They are like single chip computers that are often embedded into other systems to function as processing/controlling unit. For example, the remote control you are using probably has microcontrollers inside that do decoding and other controlling functions. They are also used in automobiles, washing machines, microwave ovens, toys ... etc, where automation is needed. The key features of microcontrollers include: High Integration of Functionality Microcontrollers sometimes are called single-chip computers because they have on-chip memory and I/O circuitry and other circuitries that enable them to function as small standalone computers without other supporting circuitry. Field Programmability, Flexibility Microcontrollers often use EEPROM or EPROM as their storage device to allow field programmability so they are flexible to use. Once the program is tested to be correct then large quantities of microcontrollers can be programmed to be used in embedded systems. Easy to Use Assembly language is often used in microcontrollers and since they usually follow RISC architecture, the instruction set is small. The development package of microcontrollers often includes an assembler, a simulator, a programmer to "burn" the chip and a demonstration board. Some packages include a high level language compiler such as a C compiler and more sophisticated libraries.
Most microcontrollers will also combine other devices such as: A Timer module to allow the microcontroller to perform tasks for certain time periods. A serial I/O port to allow data to flow between the microcontroller and other devices such as a PC or another microcontroller. An ADC to allow the microcontroller to accept analogue input data for processing.
Figure 2.1: Showing a typical microcontroller device and its different subunits
figure 2.2 Pin configuration of Microcontroller
We have 4 ports in 8051 micro controller. They are port0, port1, port2, port3 which can be accessed as i/o ports. The pins of the micro controller are explained below. Reset: It resets total 8051 micro controller. RXD: TXD: INT0: INT1: T0: T1: RD: WR: It receives data in serial communication. It transmits data in serial communication. External interrupt for timer 0. External interrupt for timer1 Timer0. Timer1. To read into external memory. To write into external memory.
XTAL1 & XTAL2: To connect the crystal oscillator. ALE: Address latch enable which is used to access the address locations from external memory. PSEN: Program store enable which is used for storing programming code into the external memory. EA: External Access: 64 KB of ROM is the limit for external memory.
figure2.3 : Reset circuit of microcontroller
Capacitor is storing charge permanently until we use it. Crystal Oscillator is used to generate a carrier signal with stable frequency. With the help of this oscillator we will deduce the execution speed in terms of bytes/ sec.It generates 12 clock pulses /machine cycle. Capacitors provide charge for crystal oscillator. If we are not connecting any external memory to micro controller, EA is connected to Vcc in case of 8051.
figure 2.4: Ram Architecture The 8051 has a bank of 128 bytes of Internal RAM. This Internal RAM is found on-chip on the 8051 so it is the fastest RAM available, and it is also the most flexible in terms of reading, writing, and modifying its contents. Internal RAM is volatile, so when the 8051 is reset this memory is cleared. The 128 bytes of internal ram is subdivided as shown on the memory map. The first 8 bytes (00h - 07h) are "register bank 0". These alternative register banks are located in internal RAM in addresses 08h through 1Fh.Bit memory actually resides in internal RAM, from addresses 20h through 2Fh. The 80 bytes remaining of Internal RAM, from addresses 30h through 7Fh, may be used by user variables that need to be accessed frequently or at high-speed. This area is also utilized by the microcontroller as a storage area for the operating stack.
Register Banks 16
The 8051 uses 8 "R" registers which are used in many of its instructions. These "R" registers are numbered from 0 through 7 (R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7).These registers are generally used to assist in manipulating values and moving data from one memory location to another. The concept of register banks adds a great level of flexibility to the 8051. Bit Memory The 8051, being a communication oriented microcontroller, gives the user the ability to access a number of bit variables. These variables may be either 1 or 0. There are 128 bit variables available to the user, numbered 00h through 7Fh. The user may make use of these variables with commands such as SETB and CLR. It is important to note that Bit Memory is really a part of Internal RAM. In fact, the 128 bit variables occupy the 16 bytes of Internal RAM from 20h through 2Fh. Special Function Register (SFR) Memory Special Function Registers (SFRs) are areas of memory that control specific functionality of the 8051 processor. For example, four SFRs permit access to the 8051's 32 input/output lines. Another SFR allows a program to read or write to the 8051's serial port .SFR is a part of Internal Memory. This is not the case. When using this method of memory access (it's called direct address), any instruction that has an address of 00h through 7Fh refers to an Internal RAM memory address; any instruction with an address of 80h through FFh refers to an SFR control register.
The Accumulator The Accumulator, as its name suggests, is used as a general register to accumulate the results of a large number of instructions. It can hold an 8-bit (1-byte) value and is the most versatile register The "R" registers The "R" registers are a set of eight registers that are named R0, R1, etc. up to and including R7. These registers are used as auxiliary registers in many operations. The "B" Register The "B" register is very similar to the Accumulator in the sense that it may hold an 8-bit (1-byte) value. The "B" register is only used by two 8051 instructions: MUL AB and DIV AB. The Data Pointer (DPTR) The Data Pointer (DPTR) is the 8051's only user-accessible 16-bit (2-byte) register. The Accumulator, "R" registers, and "B" register are all 1-byte values. DPTR, as the name suggests, is used to point to data. It is used by a number of commands which allow the 8051 to access external memory. The Program Counter (PC) The Program Counter (PC) is a 2-byte address which tells the 8051 where the next instruction to execute is found in memory. When the 8051 is initialized PC always starts at 0000h and is incremented each time an instruction is executed. . The Stack Pointer (SP) The Stack Pointer, like all registers except DPTR and PC, may hold an 8-bit (1-byte) value. The Stack Pointer is used to indicate where the next value to be removed from the stack should be
Addressing Modes 18
An "addressing mode" refers to how you are addressing a given memory location. The addressing modes are as follows, With an example of each: Immediate Addressing MOV A, #20h Direct Addressing MOV A, #30h Indirect Addressing MOV A, @R0 External Direct MOVX A, @DPTR Code Indirect MOVC A, @A+DPTR Each of these addressing modes provides important flexibility. Interrupts An interrupt is a special feature which allows the 8051 to provide the illusion of "multitasking," although in reality the 8051 is only doing one thing at a time. . Timers Timers are one of the categories of hardware time delays. Time delays are used to keep a system into halting System or sleepy mode. We have two timers-timer0, timer1.Hardware time delays are used to generate exact time delays.
2.6 Microcontrollers versus Microprocessors
Microcontroller differs from a microprocessor in many ways. First and the most important is its functionality. In order for a microprocessor to be used, other components such as memory, or components for receiving and sending data must be added to it. In short that means that microprocessor is the very heart of the computer. On the other hand, microcontroller is designed to be all of that in one. No other external components are needed for its application because all necessary peripherals are already built into it. Thus, we save the time and space needed to construct devices.
2.7 Central Processing Unit
Let add 3 more memory locations to a specific block that will have a built in capability to multiply, divide, subtract, and move its contents from one memory location onto another. The part we just added in is called "central processing unit" (CPU). Its memory locations are called registers.
Figure2.5: Simplified central processing unit with three registers Registers are therefore memory locations whose role is to help with performing various mathematical operations or any other operations with data wherever data can be found. Look at the current situation. We have two independent entities (memory and CPU) which are interconnected, and thus any exchange of data is hindered, as well as its functionality. If, for example, we wish to add the contents of two memory locations and return the result again back to memory, we would need a connection between memory and CPU. Simply stated, we must have some "way" through data goes from one block to another.
2.8 Bus
That "way" is called "bus". Physically, it represents a group of 8, 16, or more wires. There are two types of buses: address and data bus. The first one consists of as many lines as the amount of memory we wish to address and the other one is as wide as data, in our case 8 bits or the connection line. First one serves to transmit address from CPU memory, and the second to connect all blocks inside the microcontroller.
Figure2.6: Showing connection between memory and central unit using buses As far as functionality, the situation has improved, but a new problem has also appeared: we have a unit that's capable of working by itself, but which does not have any contact with the outside world, or with us! In order to remove this deficiency, let's add a block which contains several memory locations whose one end is connected to the data bus, and the other has connection with the output lines on the microcontroller which can be seen as pins on the electronic component.
2.9 Input-output unit
Those locations we've just added are called "ports". There are several types of ports: input, output or bidirectional ports. When working with ports, first of all it is necessary to choose which port we need to work with, and then to send data to, or take it from the port.
Figure2.7: Simplified input-output unit communicating with external world
When working with it the port acts like a memory location. Something is simply being written into or read from it, and it could be noticed on the pins of the microcontroller. 21
2.10 Serial communication
Beside stated above we've added to the already existing unit the possibility of communication with an outside world. However, this way of communicating has its drawbacks. One of the basic drawbacks is the number of lines which need to be used in order to transfer data. What if it is being transferred to a distance of several kilometers? The number of lines times' number of kilometers doesn't promise the economy of the project. It leaves us having to reduce the number of lines in such a way that we don't lessen its functionality. Suppose we are working with three lines only, and that one line is used for sending data, other for receiving, and the third one is used as a reference line for both the input and the output side. In order for this to work, we need to set the rules of exchange of data. These rules are called protocol. Protocol is therefore defined in advance so there wouldn't be any misunderstanding between the sides that are communicating with each other. For example, if one man is speaking in French, and the other in English, it is highly unlikely that they will quickly and effectively understand each other. Let's suppose we have the following protocol. The logical unit "1" is set up on the transmitting line until transfer begins. Once the transfer starts, we lower the transmission line to logical "0" for a period of time (which we will designate as T), so the receiving side will know that it is receiving data, and so it will activate its mechanism for reception. Let's go back now to the transmission side and start putting logic zeros and ones onto the transmitter line in the order from a bit of the lowest value to a bit of the highest value. Let each bit stay on line for a time period which is equal to T, and in the end, or after the 8th bit, let us bring the logical unit "1" back on the line which will mark the end of the transmission of one data. The protocol we've just described is called in professional literature NRZ (Non-Return to Zero).
Figure2.8: Serial unit sending data through three lines only
As we have separate lines for receiving and sending, it is possible to receive and send data (info.) at the same time. So called full-duplex mode block which enables this way of communication is called a serial communication block. Unlike the parallel transmission, data moves here bit by bit, or in a series of bits what defines the term serial communication comes from. After the reception of data we need to read it from the receiving location and store it in memory as opposed to sending where the process is reversed. Data goes from memory through the bus to the sending location, and then to the receiving unit according to the protocol. 22
2.11 Timer unit
Since we have the serial communication explained, we can receive, send and process data.
Figure2.9: Timer unit generating signals in regular time intervals However, in order to utilize it in industry we need a few additionally blocks. One of those is the timer block which is significant to us because it can give us information about time, duration, protocol etc. The basic unit of the timer is a free-run counter which is in fact a register whose numeric value increments by one in even intervals, so that by taking its value during periods T1 and T2 and on the basis of their difference we can determine how much time has elapsed. This is a very important part of the microcontroller whose understanding requires most of our time.
Figure2.10: Physical configuration of the interior of a microcontroller
Figure2.11: Microcontroller outline with basic elements and internal connections For a real application, a microcontroller alone is not enough. Beside a microcontroller, we need a program that would be executed, and a few more elements which make up interface logic towards the elements of regulation (which will be discussed next).
3.1 Pin Configuration
80 481 382 83 5 84 85 86 87 7 88 89
CA CB CC 3- >VARISTOR CD 4-> RS 5-> RW CE 6-> EN 7-14-> DATA LINE INPUTS CF LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display. The most commonly used LCDs found in the market today are 1 Line, 2 Line or 4 Line LCDs which have only 1 controller and support at most of 80 characters. figure 3.1: 16x2 LCD Pin configuration
3.2 DDRAM - Display Data RAM ->
A Display data RAM (DDRAM) stores display data represented in 8-bit character codes. Its extended capacity is 80 X 8 bits, or 80 characters. The area in display data RAM (DDRAM) that is not used for display can be used as general data RAM. So whatever you send on the DDRAM is actually displayed on the LCD.
3.3 BF - Busy Flag
Busy Flag is a status indicator flag for LCD. When we send a command or data to the LCD for processing, this flag is set (i.e. BF =1) and as soon as the instruction is executed successfully this flag is cleared (BF = 0). This is helpful in producing and exact amount of delay. For the LCD processing. To read Busy Flag, the condition RS = 0 and R/W = 1 must be met and The MSB of the LCD data bus (D7) act as busy flag. When BF = 1 means LCD is busy and will not accept next command or data and BF = 0 means LCD is ready for the next command or data to process.
3.4 Instruction Register (IR) and Data Register (DR)
There are two 8-bit registers controller Instruction and Data register. Instruction register corresponds to the register where you send commands to LCD e.g. LCD shift command, LCD clear, LCD address etc. and Data register is used for storing data which is to be displayed on LCD. When send the enable signal of the LCD is asserted, the data on the pins is latched in to the data register and data is then moved automatically to the DDRAM and hence is displayed on the LCD.
3.5 Commands and Instruction set
Only the instruction register (IR) and the data register (DR) of the LCD can be controlled by the MCU. Before starting the internal operation of the LCD, control information is temporarily stored into these registers to allow interfacing with various MCUs, which operate at different 27
speeds, or various peripheral control devices. The internal operation of the LCD is determined by signals sent from the MCU.
3.6 Sending Commands to LCD
To send commands we simply need to select the command register. Everything is same as we have done in the initialization routine. But we will summarize the common steps and put them in a single subroutine. Following are the steps: Move data to LCD port Select command register Select write operation Send enable signal Wait for LCD to process the command
In this project the d.c motor interfacing consists of two motors .One motor is used to open & close the car door and the other is used to move the car forward. This interfacing is shown in fig. This uses L293D IC interfacing.
4.1 Push-Pull Four Channel Driver
Description Output currents to 1A or 600mA per channel respectively. Each channel is controlled by a TTL-compatible logic input and each pair of drivers (a The L293 and L293D are quad pushpull drivers capable of delivering full bridge) is equipped with an inhibit input which turns off all four transistors. A separate supply input is provided for the logic so that it may be run off a lower voltage to reduce dissipation. Additionally the L293D includes the output clamping diodes within the IC for complete interfacing with inductive loads. Both devices is available in 16-pin Batwing DIP packages. They are also available in Power S0IC and Hermetic DIL packages.
4.2 Block Diagram
Figure 4.1: block diagram of load driver L293D
Output Current 1A Per Channel (600mA for L293D) Peak Output Current 2A Per Channel (1.2A for L293D) Inhibit Facility High Noise Immunity Separate Logic Supply Over-Temperature Protection ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS: Collector Supply Voltage, VC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36V Logic Supply Voltage, VSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36V Input Voltage, VI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7V Inhibit Voltage, VINH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7V Peak Output Current (Non-Repetitive), lOUT (L293) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2A 29
lOUT (L293D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2A Total Power Dissipation At T ground-pins = 80°C N Batwing pkg, (Note) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5W Storage and Junction Temperature, Tstg, TJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40 to +150°C
Figure 5.1: Circuit of power supply
The power supply consists of ac voltage transformer, diode rectifier, ripple filter, and voltage regulator. The description of the components is shown below.
Definition: The transformer is a static electro-magnetic device that transforms one alternating Voltage (current) into another voltage (current).However; power remains the same during the transformation. Transformers play a major role in the transmission and distribution of ac power. Principle: Transformer works on the principle of mutual induction. A transformer consists of laminated magnetic core forming the magnetic frame. Primary and secondary coils are wound upon the two cores of the magnetic frame, linked by the common magnetic flux. When an alternating voltage is applied across the primary coil, a current flows in the primary coil producing magnetic flux in the transformer core. This flux induces voltage in secondary coil. Transformers are classified as: (a) Based on position of the windings with respect to core i.e. (1) (2) (b) (1) Core type transformer Shell type transformer Step up transformer 31
Transformation ratio:
Step down transformer
DC power supply exists in every electronic box whether it is a computer, TV, or equipment in the laboratory. The power supply consists of ac voltage transformer, diode rectifier, ripple filter, and voltage regulator. The transformer is an ac device. It has two coil windings, the primary and the secondary, around a common magnetic core. The current flowing in the primary winding generates a time varying electromagnetic field which in turn induces an output voltage across the secondary winding. The ratio of turns in the two windings determines the ratio of the input voltage and output voltage. The power supply that we are building in this experiment is a linear power supply. In other words, the circuit functions with analog signals. In our kit, we have a small transformer which can convert 230Vac from the wall plug to 6-12 V ac.
The rectifier is based on p-n junction. One can use a single diode forming a half-wave rectifier or four diodes forming a full-wave rectifier or a bridge rectifier. In the experiment, we are going to use the power rectifying diode, 1N4001 or IN4007. You can read from the specification sheet the characteristics of the diode. The most important thing to know is the polarity of the diode. The arrow is the p-side and the bar is the n-side. A positive voltage is needed on the p-side to make the diode conduct. IN4001 can block off large negative bias in the hundred voltage range.
To make the output voltage as constant as possible, one needs a regulator. The regulator consists of a voltage reference, e.g., a Zener diode. It can also be an IC component with voltage reference and feedback control circuit inside. Finally, you will characterize the performance of the power supply by measuring its output voltage and ripple as a function of the load current. The more the current, the higher is 32
the ripple. Likewise, the more the current, the lower is the voltage. This is called loading. Another semiconductor component to be used in this experiment is a voltage regulator, 7805. "78" indicates that it is a regulator for positive voltage. There is a corresponding "79" model for negative voltage. "05" indicates that it has an output of 5 V. 7805 is an integrated circuit. Just like the operational amplifier, the design engineer of the IC has optimized the circuit. The regulator IC requires an input voltage at least a couple of V higher than the output voltage in order to function properly. In a way, it is similar to the operational amplifier; the output is limited by the power supply voltage. Your output is always below the input. This voltage difference keeps all electronic circuits in the IC forwardly biased, hence, functioning properly in the linear regime. The lower circuit is a bridge-wave rectifier. There are four diodes. They are arranged in such a way that the current always flows in the same direction through the load resistor no matter which node of the transformer is positive. You can trace the flow of the current. When the upper node of the transformer is positive, current flows through the first diode through the load, which is not shown, then it flows through the last diode to the lower node of the transformer completing the loop. When the lower node of the transformer is positive, current flows through the third diode to the load resistor then it flows through the second diode to the upper node of the transformer completing the loop. The current flows through the load resistor along the same direction all the time. The load resistor must have sufficient power handling capability. Otherwise, It may burn .The power dissipation is given by voltage square divided by resistance.
After the rectification process, the voltage signal contains both an average dc component and a time varying ac component called the ripple. To reduce or eliminate the ac component, one needs low pass filter(s). The low pass filter will pass through the dc but attenuate the ac at 60 Hz or its harmonics, i.e., 120 Hz. It has a resistor in front and a capacitor across the output and ground. (C-filter).
5.6 LED (Light Emitting Diodes):
As its name implies it is a diode, which emits light when forward biased. Charge carrier recombination takes place when electrons from the N-side cross the junction and recombine with the holes on the P side. Electrons are in the higher conduction band on the N side whereas holes are in the lower valence band on the P side. During recombination, some of the energy is 33
given up in the form of heat and light. In the case of semiconductor materials like Gallium arsenide (GaAs), Gallium phosphate (Gap) and Gallium arsenide phosphate (GaAsP) a greater percentage of energy is released during recombination and is given out in the form of light. LED emits no light when junction is reversed biased.
In circuit operation, when the voltage generated by the transformer is higher than the capacitor voltage, the current flows through the diode charging the capacitors. At the same time, the load resistor drains current from the capacitors. When the amount of draining matches with the charging current, the voltage is stabilized. A sudden increase in load current will decrease the voltage across the capacitor. It will also increase the time period during which the diodes conduct, hence, the ripple.
6. Description of Project
6.1 Introduction
The Need
Delhi, the National Capital with a population of about 12 million is, perhaps, the only city of its size in the world, which depends almost entirely on buses on it sole mode of mass transport.bus services are inadequate and heavily over-crowded.. The result of extreme congestion on the road, ever slowing speeds, increasing accident rate, fuel wastage and environmental pollution. Delhi has now become the fourth most city in the world, with automobiles contributing more than two thirds of the total atmospheric pollution. Pollution related health problems are reaching disconcerting levels. Immediate steps are, therefore, needed to improve both the quality and availability of mass transport service. This is possible only if a rail-based mass transit system, which is nonpolluting, is introduced in the city without further delay. Delhi MRTS Project With a view to reducing the problems of Delhi's commuter, the launching of an Integrated Multi Mode Mass Rapid 34
Transport System for Delhi had long been under consideration. The first concrete step in this direction was, however, taken when a feasibility study for developing such a multi-modal MRTS system was commissioned by GNCTD (with support from GOI) in 1989 and completed by RITES in 1991.
My Prototype of metro train
I have made the prototype of Metro train using Microcontroller 89C51.The basic function of this project is given later. I have used a toy car to implementing it which has two DC motors. One is used for opening and closing the door and other is used for moving the car forward. The complete description of project is given below.
6.2 Circuit Diagram of Metro Train Prototype
Following figure shows the complete Metro Train Prototype.
Figure 6.1: diagram of Metro Train Prototype
6.3(a) Components: 36
Component Name 1. Power Supply Section plug with wire Step down transformer (230v/12v a.c) 1N4007 diodes LM7809 LM7805 100 μF ON/OFF switch Red LED 1K Resistor 2. Microcontroller Section Microcontroller IC (AT89C51) with base Crystal Oscillator (11.0592 MHz) Capacitor (30pF) Capacitor (10µF) Resistor (8.2K) LCD Connector 3. Buzzer 4. LCD(16x2) 5. Load Driver (L293D) with base 6. A Car (toy-driven by a DC motor) 7. General Purpose Card 8. Single Core Connecting Wires 9. Reset Switch (Push-on) 10. Old and Rough CD drive for making Door System (We are to use only motor and Pulley system for door) 6.3(b) Softwares used: 1. Keil µVision3. 2. Top-View Simulator 6.3(c) Equipments used: 1. Soldering iron, solder, flux. 2. Hex Blade
Quantity 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1
6.4 Procedure of building the Prototype of Metro Train
Step 1:
6.1 )
Circuit diagram of the proposed system is designed and finalized.(Refer to Figure
Step 2: All
the components and software platform to be used are selected which are also mentioned above. Step 3: All the hardware components are soldered on their respective printed circuit boards with the help of soldering ion, solder and flux according to the hardware schematic shown in the Figure Step 5: Code/program of the proposed system is developed using assembly language with the help of software platform (Keil u vision3).The coding could be seen in section Step 6: The hex code of the program being created by the software platform is burnt into the flash code memory of our microcontroller IC 89C51. Step 7: Testing is done at various levels to finalize the appropriate program for the most proper working of the system
6.5 General Working
When the power is turned on a message ("welcome to metro") is displayed on LCD. Then a message "Current station is Kishan Ganj" is displayed and door is opened also. A buzzer is also turned on when door opens. After some delay the door is closed and car is started to move forward. A message "current station is Kishan Ganj" is displayed also on LCD. After some delay a message "next station is Pratap nagar" is displayed. After some time the train stops and a message " current station is Pratap nagar" is displayed. This process is continued for five stations. In the end a message "End of line" is displayed on LCD. This whole process is repeated until we turned off the power supply.
The new cars would feature the following:
• • • • • •
Stainless steel exteriors instead of an aluminium car body. Thinner, stronger stainless steel seats that offer more leg room. Each car would have 64 cloth-padded, taller seats with seat-back grab handles. A total end to carpeting. Floors would be rubberized. Interactive maps on LCD screens that would also likely display advertisements Automated station announcements. So no more "Judishuwary Square". Security cameras on all rail cars.
The 7000 series won't be ready for service for at least five years. The latest models are in the 6000 series, which were introduced last year.
"THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEM" by Muhammad Ali Mazidi , Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D. Mckinlay. "The 8051 MICROCONTROLLER" by K. J. Ayala. "Advanced Microprocessors and Microcontrollers" by B.P. Singh & Renu Singh. "Let Us C" by Yashwant Kanitkar. "Data Structure through C" by Yashwant Kanitkar.
NET LINKS: 1. www.8051projects.net
2. www.atmel.com 3. www.electronicsforyou.com 4. www.encyclopedia.com 5. www.wikipedia.com
List of Essential Diagrams:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Figure 2.1: showing a typical microcontroller device and its different subunits Figure 2.2: Pin configuration of Microcontroller Figure 2.3: Reset circuit of Microcontroller Figure 2.4: Ram Architecture Figure 2.5: Simplified central processing unit with three registers Figure 2.6: Showing connection between memory and central unit using buses
9 10 11 13 17 18
Figure 2.7: Simplified input-output unit communicating with external world 18 19
8. 9.
Figure 2.8: Serial unit sending data through three lines Figure 2.9: Timer unit generating signals in regular time intervals
10. Figure
2.10: Physical configuration of the interior of a 20
11. Figure
2.11: Microcontroller outline with basic elements 21 22 24 26 31
And internal connections
12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure
3.1: 16x2 LCD pin configuration 4.1: Block diagram of load driver L293D 5.1: Circuit of power supply 6.1: Circuit diagram of Metro train prototype
C Language Code
#include<reg51.h> void lcd_data(char[]); void lcd_ok(bit); void delay(unsigned int); void delay1(unsigned int); void lcd_code(char); void check(); void lcd_init(); sbit rs = P2^0; sbit rw = P2^1; sbit en = P2^2; sbit busy = P1^7; sbit mot1 = P2^3; sbit mot2 = P2^4; sbit door1 = P2^5; sbit door2 = P2^6; sbit buzz = P2^7; #define lcd_port P1 main() { char index1; char stations[][16] = {{"Kishan Ganj0"}, {"Pratap Nagar0"}, {"Shahadara0"}, {"Indraprashta0"}, {"Rohini West0"}}; mot1 = 0; mot2 = 0; buzz = 1; door1 = 1; door2 = 1; lcd_init(); lcd_code(0x01); lcd_data("Welcome To Metro0"); delay1(1000); lcd_code(0x80); for(index1 = 0; index1 != 5; index1++) { lcd_code(0x01); 42
lcd_code(0x80); lcd_data("Current Station:0"); lcd_code(0xC0); lcd_data(stations[index1]); delay1(200); buzz = 0; delay1(200); buzz = 1; //------------------------------Door Open door1 = 0; delay1(500); door1 = 1; //------------------------------Door Open delay1(3500); //------------------------------Door Close door2 = 0; delay1(1000); door2 = 1; //------------------------------Door Close delay1(300); mot1 = 1; mot2 = 0; if(index1 < 4) { delay1(2000); lcd_code(0x01); lcd_code(0x80); lcd_data("Next Station:0"); lcd_code(0xC0); lcd_data(stations[index1+1]); delay1(2000); mot1 = 0; mot2 = 0; lcd_code(0x01); } else { lcd_code(0x01); lcd_data("End Of Line0"); delay1(1000); } } } void lcd_data(char ch[]) { int index1; for(index1 = 0; ch[index1] != '0'; index1++) { check(); 43
lcd_port = ch[index1]; lcd_ok(1); } return; } void lcd_ok(bit mybit) { if(mybit) { rs = 1; } else { rs = 0; } rw = 0; en = 1; delay(1); en = 0; return; } void delay1(unsigned int itime) { unsigned int i,j; for(i = 0; i < itime; i++) for(j = 0; j < 500; j++); return; } void delay(unsigned int time) { int i = 0; for(; time > 0; time--) for(; i < 353; i++); return; } void lcd_init() { lcd_code(0x38); lcd_code(0x0C); lcd_code(0x01); lcd_code(0x06); return; }
void lcd_code(char ch) { check(); lcd_port = ch; lcd_ok(0); return; } void check() { rs = 0; rw = 1; while(busy == 1) { en = 0; delay(1); en = 1; } return; }


text:
This week's block is a sawtooth star block with a fast and easy method for
making the flying geese units. These blocks are a lot of fun, and they are perfect for using up scraps in your stash!
Let's get started!
What you'll need:
- 1 square 4 1/4" x 4 1/4" of background fabric for flying geese units
- 4 squares 2" x 2" of background fabric for corner squares
- 1 square 3 1/2" x 3 1/2" of print fabric #1 for star center
- 4 squares 2 3/8" x 2 3/8" of print fabric #2 for flying geese units
Note: All seam allowances are 1/4".
Begin by drawing a diagonal line on the wrong side of all four squares 2 3/8" x 2 3/8" . You'll be sewing 1/4" on either side of these drawn lines, so I've drawn in my sewing lines as well.
Line up two of the squares on opposite corners of the large background square as shown above. Match up the drawn lines. Sew on the two outer lines.
Next, cut on the center line--making two units.
Press toward the print fabric squares. Your units will now look like this.
Take the remaining two print squares with drawn lines and place them on the units as shown. You will again stitch on the two outer lines of each unit.
Cut the units on the center drawn line.
Press toward the print fabrics. You now have four flying geese units (2" x 3 1/2" unfinished) for your star block. I trimmed off the "dog-ear" corners and extra threads.
Lay out the block pieces as shown.
Then stitch the pieces in each row together. Press toward the solid squares in each row.
Sew the rows together and give your block a final pressing. If you are making the 12 block sampler, make another scrappy sawtooth star now!
I hope you'll sew along--choose one block or two every other week, and by the end of the summer you'll have a completed mini sampler. In two weeks (along with the block 2 tutorial) I'll have all of the information for fabric requirements for each setting layout.
Thanks so much for stopping by!
PS Craftsy is having another big sale today through Sunday. Click here to see the quilting and sewing class specials--there are big discounts on all classes.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Stung with four tollway violations, Kevin Weller joined thousands of others on the road of frustration when he made dozens of calls to try to clear up the problem but couldn't get anyone on the phone.
"Every time I dialed I got the fast-busy," said Weller of Hawthorn Woods. "I felt like I was dialing for Cubs tickets."


text:
Blocking Public Participation
The Use of Strategic Litigation to Silence Political Expression
Publication Year: 2014
Strategic litigation against public participation (SLAPP) involves lawsuits brought by individuals, corporations, groups, or politicians to curtail political activism and expression. An increasingly large part of the political landscape in Canada, they are often launched against those protesting, boycotting, or participating in some form of political activism. A common feature of SLAPPs is that their intention is rarely to win the case or secure a remedy; rather, the suit is brought to create a chill on political expression.
Blocking Public Participation examines the different types of litigation and causes of action that frequently form the basis of SLAPPs, and how these lawsuits transform political disputes into legal cases, thereby blocking political engagement. The resource imbalance between plaintiffs and defendants allows plaintiffs to tie up defendants in complex and costly legal processes. The book also examines the dangers SLAPPs pose to political expression and to the quality and integrity of our democratic political institutions. Finally, the book examines the need to regulate SLAPPs in Canada and assesses various regulatory proposals.
In Canada, considerable attention has been paid to the "legalization of politics" and the impact on the Charter in diverting political activism into the judicial arena. SLAPPs, however, are an under-studied element of this process, and in their obstruction of political engagement through recourse to the courts they have profound implications for democratic practice.
Published by: Wilfrid Laurier University Press
Title Page, Copyright, Dedication
1. SLAPPS: Courts, Democracy, and Participation
In 1995, the lumber company Daishowa, seeking an injunction to prevent an ongoing boycott of their products, sued a small non-profit social group, the Friends of the Lubicon. In 2009, an environmental activist and opponent of the British Columbia salmon farming industry was sued for $125,000 by Mainstream Canada, a Norwegian-based company and the second largest salmon farming company in British Columbia. Also in 2009, the City of Guelph, in Ontario, launched a $5 million lawsuit against a group protesting the development of an industrial park that would, allegedly, have an adverse effect on the Hanlon Creek watershed, a sensitive ecological area...
2. SLAPPS: Balancing Law and Democracy
In Chapter 1, slapps were presented as a threat to the values of political participation. These lawsuits operate to redefine disputes, transforming issues of public debate into private issues subject to civil litigation. More broadly, they also operate to punish and threaten individuals and groups engaged in political participation, and potentially to dissuade others from participation. The chilling effect of these lawsuits on political participation cannot be underestimated...
3. SLAPPS in Canada
In this chapter, we will examine the Canadian experience of slapps from a historical and case-based perspective. In this way, the degree to which slapps are an issue in Canada, as well as the implications for public participation and expression, can be assessed. Utilizing the typology developed in Chapter 2, we can begin to examine in a more concrete fashion the democratic implications of slapp litigation. The first section of the chapter will provide an overview of the slapp phenomenon in Canada, including an examination of a number of specific slapp cases from different parts of the country, representing different categories of the typology...
4. SLAPPS Come to Parliament
In Chapter 3, we examined the development of slapps in the Canadian context, as well as several specific case studies of slapps. We also looked at judicial pronouncements in relation to slapps, which clearly identified the dangers posed by these lawsuits to the democratic values of expression and political engagement. Recently, however, there has been a disturbing trend of slapp-type lawsuits emerging within more mainstream areas of political life. In particular, slapp lawsuits are becoming a feature of parliamentary and legislative politics...
5. The Regulation of SLAPPs
In this chapter, we will examine efforts to regulate slapps. Such efforts necessarily limit access to the courts and potentially operate to exclude meritorious cases. The rule of law is considered a fundamental cornerstone of Western democracies, and inherent in the concept is the notion that the ordinary courts of the land are charged with the responsibility for determining the outcome of legal disputes. Legislation that regulates slapps appears to run afoul of this principle...
6. Resisting and Defending against SLAPPS
In Chapter 5, we examined various attempts to implement legislation to regulate slapp litigation and reduce its incidence. As we saw, while there have been many proposals for legislation, and considerable public demand, very few jurisdictions in Canada have successfully implemented regulatory frameworks. Given this, it is necessary to consider how individuals and social groups can respond to slapps and prepare for them. In conflicts over environmental issues and land-use decisions, slapps increasingly appear to be part of the arsenal of weapons brought to bear on citizens and development opponents...
7. Final Thoughts
The phenomenon of slapps as a feature of our political system fundamentally challenges many of our assumptions regarding the nature of political participation and the operation of the legal system. In the first place, we often think of political activism and political expression as defined by the institutions of our political system. Political expression takes place through parties, interest groups, and electoral politics. We also assume that there are few restrictions on political expression and that those limitations that do exist can be relatively easily justified...
Appendix: Legal Resources
Works Cited
Print-ISBN-13: 9781554589296
Page Count: 182
Publication Year: 2014
OCLC Number: 861535265
MUSE Marc Record: Download for Blocking Public Participation


text:
Gideon is murdered, but his death helps the team solve the one case that always haunted the Special Agent.
The team is called to a cabin, only to discover Jason Gideon—who served as a key member of the BAU in Seasons 1 thru 3—has been shot dead. Luckily, he left behind a series of clues meant to help the team finally catch the one unsub who continuously alluded him and he always vowed to capture.
Watch Criminal Minds Wednesdays at 9/8c on CBS.


text:
Outpatient Services
The Children's Institute offers a wide variety of medical and therapy services on an outpatient basis at four convenient locations including Squirrel Hill, Wexford, Bridgeville and Irwin. Our newest community location is coming soon to Pleasant Hills! Please call the applicable number below to schedule an appointment or evaluation, or for more information.
To download a printable list of our outpatient services by location, click here.
Physician Services (Squirrel Hill location only) - Make an appointment - 412-420-2561
Dr. Scott Faber - Developmental Pediatrics
Dr. Mary Louise Russell – Pediatric physiatry
Therapy Services - Make an appointment - 412-420-2362
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Speech/language therapy
Nutrition services
Psychology/behavioral health
Specialty Programs - Make an appointment - 412-420-2362
Concussion management
Functional feeding
Pain rehabilitation
Specialty Services & Therapy - Make an appointment - 412-420-2362
Aquatic therapy
Assistive and augmentative communication
Assistive technology (equipment) evaluations
Biofeedback for articulation
Developmental evaluation
Evaluation - home modifications/equipment Hearing evaluation
ImPACT testing
Therapy Intensity program (PT & OT)
Interactive metronome
Locomotor training
Modified barium swallow study
Neuropsychological evaluations
Orthopedic and sports rehabilitation
Sensory integration therapy
Serial casting of arms or legs
SmartPalate Speech Therapy
Universal exercise unit (UEU)
Upper extremity services
Vestibular rehabilitation
Video fluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS)
The Children's Institute accepts insurance from many providers. Please call 412-420-2362 for specific information regarding coverage.
To schedule an appointment, please call 412-420-2362 , or fill out the form below to receive a phone call.


text:
BROOKSVILLE — The number of mental health centers in Hernando County that treat people taken into custody for their own protection is about to be cut in half.
The Harbor will close its 10-bed crisis stabilization unit effective Jan. 31. The move will allow the facility to expand its outpatient services, said Gail Ryder, vice president of behavioral health for BayCare Health System.
On a typical day, only about three or four of the crisis beds are filled, Ryder said.
"It was an underutilized service," Ryder said. "That's a very good thing, because that's not where you want patients to be. We saw this as a good way to way to repurpose our staff to the most appropriate level of care."
Still, the decision worried officials with the Hernando Sheriff's Office and Department of Health and Human Services, as well as local mental health advocates.
"Any time you're talking about taking away services from a community, there's always a concern, especially when the services are limited," said Veda Ramirez, the county's health and human services manager.
The Harbor, located just west of the Suncoast Parkway on Grove Road, is one of only two facilities that accepts patients taken into custody under the Florida Mental Health Act, also known as the Baker Act.
The law allows people to be taken for mental health examination against their will if they show a substantial likelihood of causing serious injury to themselves or others. They can be held up to 72 hours — longer if a psychiatrist deems it necessary — as health officials devise an appropriate care plan.
The other designated Baker Act receiving center is Springbrook Hospital, a 66-bed psychiatric hospital also on Grove Road. The law also allows patients to be transported to hospital emergency rooms.
State law requires mental health facilities to accept Baker Act patients regardless of age. As part of a local agreement in place for several years, however, deputies deliver patients up to 64 years old to the Harbor, while Springbrook takes patients 65 and older.
Sheriff's officials worried that BayCare's decision would force deputies to drive juveniles south to the BayCare facility in Land O'Lakes, tying up precious manpower, said Lt. Col. Royce Decker.
"You could be down there two to three hours," Decker said.
But now that Springbrook is the only designated Baker Act receiving site, it is required to accept patients regardless of age, Ramirez said. At least some of those patients would then be referred to the Harbor or another facility for long-term treatment.
Officials at Springbrook and the Harbor have been helpful in planning for the changes, Decker said.
"It's going to be seamless," he said.
There are financial issues to hash out. State mandate requires the county to give matching funds to the Harbor for crisis care and other services. That's why BayCare's report on the occupancy rate of its crisis stabilization unit raised concerns, Ramirez said.
"We were paying for empty beds," she said.
County staff is working with the Department of Children of Families to figure out how the contract will be affected by BayCare's new strategy, Ramirez said. She also plans to meet with Springbrook officials to ensure a smooth transition.
The changes come as the number of people taken into custody under the Baker Act continue to steadily rise in Hernando County. In 2007, the figure was 646, according to the Sheriff's Office. Last year, it was 786.
That's why news that the county would lose crisis care beds was so troubling, said Judy Thompson, president of the Hernando affiliate of the National Alliance on Mental Illness.
Thompson said she was glad to hear that a transition plan is in place.
"But it doesn't improve the overall services and how difficult they are to access up here," Thompson said. "We'll have to sort of watch and see how it goes."
Tony Marrero can be reached at (352) 848-1431 or [email protected]


text:
Know what I'm really angry about though? I let so much weight sneak back on over the last 5 or 6 months. It just makes me sick that all the success I'm having right now doesn't really count because I'm not quite back to where I was last summer.
D'oh! Stupid food that I love! And stupid utter lack of discipline and will power!
This is what my current diet looks like to my beloved family:
A view of my counter top:
Please, excuse the lack of proper punctuation on the banana . . .
But I do not withhold my affection for my family, even in my zeal, as evidenced by the backside of the 'BACK OFF BUCKY' banana:
This one's a bit difficult to read:
The tender message whispers, "Hands off, you little bastards!"
A look at my freezer door:
And the refrigerator greeting:
The pineapple is perfectly readable, but the label on the cottage cheese?:
"Selfish Mama's" but they don't even need to read it, they've been down this road with me before--they know!
heh heh--if you can find a better way to keep two boys out of the special milk, let me know ; )


text:
getting cast
by Julie Stevens (
no login
I tell a bit of the story in "Life After Tomorrow." I innocently walked through the stage door, ended up backstage during an understudy rehearsal, was approached by the stage manager who invited me to come on stage and sing "Happy Birthday," was told to come back a few hours later, where I ended up crashing a 3rd round of callbacks for "Annie." It was my first audition ever and I was eventually cut, but it motivated me to get a manager, take some voice lessons, and I ended up back in New York a few months later, where I did get cast in a role.
Posted on Jul 20, 2008, 7:21 PM
from IP address 220.127.116.11
Respond to this message
Return to Index
Copyright © 1999-2018
. All rights reserved.
Terms of Use
Privacy Statement


text:
Former United States Securities and Exchange Commission attorney Willie Briscoe and the securities litigation firm of Powers Taylor, LLP are investigating the proposed merger of Omnicom Group, Inc. ("Omnicom") (NYSE: OMC) to Publicis Groupe SA for shareholders. Under the terms of the proposed merger agreement, valued at approximately $35 billion, Omnicom shareholders will receive 0.813 newly issued ordinary shares of Publicis Omnicom Group for each share of Omnicom stock owned, plus a special dividend of $2.00 per share. Omnicom shareholders will also receive up to two regular dividends of $0.40 per share if declared and the record date occurs prior to closing. If you are an affected investor, and you want to learn more about the lawsuit or join the action, please contact Willie Briscoe at The Briscoe Law Firm, PLLC, (214) 239-4568, via email at email@example.com or Zach Groover at Powers Taylor, LLP, toll free (877) 728-9607 or via e-mail at email@example.com. There is no cost or fee to you. The Omnicom merger investigation centers on whether shareholders are receiving adequate compensation for their shares in the proposed deal, whether the transaction properly values Omnicom stock, and whether Omnicom's board attempted to obtain the highest share price for all shareholders prior to agreeing to the deal. The Briscoe Law Firm, PLLC is a full service business litigation and shareholder rights advocacy firm with more than 20 years of experience in complex litigation and transactional matters. Powers Taylor, LLP is a boutique litigation law firm that handles a variety of complex business litigation matters, including claims of investor and stockholder fraud, shareholder oppression, shareholder derivative suits, and security class actions.
- Log In
- Newsletters
Access insights and guidance from our Wall Street pros. Find the product that's right for you.
- Action Alerts PLUS
- Income Seeker
- Quant Ratings
- Real Money
- Real Money Pro
- Stocks Under $10
- Top Stocks
- Trifecta Stocks
- Real Money Pro Portfolio
- Chairman's Club
- Compare All


text:
Texting bill needs Perry's signature
Updated 4:54 pm, Wednesday, March 6, 2013
A bill that would impose a statewide ban on texting by motorists was quickly voted out of committee earlier this week and appears headed to swift passage by both state houses for the second time in two years.
Regrettably, widespread bipartisan support in the Legislature and at the grassroots level might not be enough to get this bill into Texas law books.
Gov. Rick Perry vetoed similar legislation in 2011 and it appears his thinking has not changed much since then.
The governor has made it known he is still not convinced the state needs a texting ban. He believes it constitutes unnecessary government micromanagement of adult behavior and that the issue can be addressed by educating the public.
If only it was that easy to resolve the growing problem.
Distracted drivers are a hazard on Texas roadways and across the country.
An average of 15 people are killed on U.S. roadways each day by distracted drivers and another 1,200 others injured, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Several families who have lost loved ones in automobile crashes involving distracted drivers were in Austin last week giving emotional testimony in support of the legislation introduced by Rep. Tom Craddick, R-Midland.
Texting has become the communication mode of choice for many of us. A statewide ban on texting while driving will not eliminate the practice, but it will serve as a deterrent for some and give law officers another enforcement tool.
If the state does not pass a ban on texting while driving this session, individual communities will have to continue to pass their own ordinances similar to those already in place in San Antonio, Austin and El Paso.
Even if cities pass the ban, thousands of miles of roads in incorporated areas of Texas will remain unprotected. Motorists on all roadways deserve protection from distracted drivers.


text:
Sacramento Auto & Work Accident Injury Clinic
We work with all auto accident injuries attorneys. Liens are accepted. We are the go-to auto accident chiropractors in all of Sacramento and have helped thousands of individuals recover from auto accident related injuries.
If you have been in an auto accident recently, there are some important decisions you have to make. It's crucial to make these decisions immediately and not delay.
Sacramento Car Accident Injury exists to serve the health care needs of our patients with the highest level of care and concern, integrity, and professional standards. Utilizing leading edge technology developed by medical Chiropractors from around the world, we are focused on bringing you the most advanced "non-surgical" treatment for neck and back problems available.
Our entire staff is dedicated to helping you along your journey of discovering the path to optimal health and wellness through natural, non-surgical, drugless alternatives. If you are experiencing difficulty with your back or neck, please call us at (916) 553-2333 to schedule a no cost consultation with Dr. James Keppler and find out if this treatment option can help you live a normal life free from pain.
We will help you start feeling better the healthy way!
- Affordable neck and back pain relief available without the side effects of medicine.
Dr. Keppler is experienced in car accident injuries helping people with chronic back problems, neck aches, spine injuries, etc. so you can live life to the fullest, with less pain!
- Auto accident injury and whiplash chiropractor in restoring health.
With our chiropractic procedures, we have helped 100's of accident injury patients, bringing pain relief and helping them feel as good (and many times, better) than they did before their accident.
- Emergency 24/7 service. Same day appointment available.
Contact us now. We are here to help you with the healing process so you can start feeling better now.
- Insurance plans accepted. If you don't have insurance, our office offers several easy, affordable payment plans available for every budget.
We will help you find a way to get the chiropractic care you need so you can enjoy doing the things you enjoy doing!
Facts About Whiplash from Dr. James Keppler
Many people don't realize how severe an auto accident can be. However, much research shows that the after math of an automobile accident can leave your body in tremendously bad shape that many think is impossible to recover from. As a Sacramento Chiropractor, I have noticed that many people are misinformed when it comes to whiplash. I hope this article will help better explain whiplash, why it happens, and how our office can help.
I want to address a very common question: what happens to your body that causes a whiplash injury to occur? Whiplash can happen whenever your body suffers from an abrupt jolt. Most whiplash injuries happen when you are sitting in a fixed position in your car and are rear-ended by another car. Because this happens so fast, your body doesn't have time to react before your car is pushed forward. During those moments of impact, your body gets pushed down into your seat. Your head, which is heavy and secluded by your neck, is delayed in reaction, while your body is continually pushed down. Quickly after, your head changes directions by traveling forward to the limit your seatbelt will allow. Finally, once your head reaches the limit traveling forward, it is forced backwards in reaction. Because your neck is not restricted by your seatbelt, your head is jolted back and forth beyond its standard limits. When this "whipping" action occurs, it causes much damage to the already extremely fragile neck structure.
What a lot of people don't realize is that it can take multiple days (usually around two or three) before any whiplash symptoms occur. Common whiplash symptoms include headaches, neck pain, and loss of motion. The reason it can take a few days to feel the symptoms is because it can take time for the inflammation from the tiny tears in the injured ligaments and muscles to build up and further aggravate you. When the delicate ligaments that support your neck are wounded, the muscles react by tightening to guard the injured area. This protects the damaged area from further injury.
A few weeks following this injury, the distressed tissue releases chemicals that attach little cells to the wounded area, called Fibroblasts. They build up, creating a scar-like material called fibrin. Fibrin then helps mend and re-build the injury. During these few weeks of repair, it is extremely important to maintain normal ranges of motion, as well as spinal alignment. If this is not done properly, the scar tissue will end up limiting the future mobility of the injured area. This can lead to spinal degeneration.
The good news is that by preforming precise, detailed chiropractic adjustments along with treating the injury with therapy and different exercises, your body will have a much better chance of rebuilding properly. This means less chronic pain, stiffness, disc degeneration, and pinched nerves. We can help alleviate your pain and rebuild your spinal structures. These treatment options also severely reduce future injuries from occurring. So if you have whiplash, schedule an examination with a Sacramento chiropractor today!


text:
From Jeff Butler, Maintenance Manager - Poet Biorefining
To Whom It May Concern:
I am pleased to recommend Coating Specialties LLC to your company. Over the past 3 1/2 years, I've worked directly with Chad Toftness of Coating Specialties. The company provides many services which include sandblasting, painting, interior lining of water tanks and urethane insulation work. They are great to work around Poet-Corning's schedule and have also done work for other Poet facilities.
Through the years, Coating Specialties has been on time and on budget with their projects for our company. I recommend them without hesitation and will hire them again for future work.
Jeff Butler
Maintenance Manager, Poet Biorefining


text:
Me: Hallo. Welcome to The Borgias counseling service. (You know they need one). I don't own the Borgias, sadly enough…I am lusting after Cesare a bit…not a bit…but that's not important. This will be very OOC and quite insane. Just a warning.
Burchard: Apparently I'm the only one unbiased enough to help you people.
Dela Rovere: I'm unbiased…!
Cesare: Uh, yeah, no. Also, you stole my monkey idea. So screw you.
Micholetto: Wait, the monkey was your idea?
Burchard: Everyone shut up and listen to me! Why do you lot think you're here?
Rodrigo: We molest children.
Everyone: *backs off*
Cesare: I don't exactly know how to top that…here goes: I'm extremely violent and have killed a bunch of people. RAWR! I'M ACTING OUT! PAY ATTENTION TO ME!
Juan: I'm overprivileged. And I have a mullet that is sucking the intelligence out of me.
Lucrezia: Juan killed my boyfriend so I dropped a chandelier on him.
Cesare: …wow. I'll need to step up my game here.
Goffre: Everyone's totally forgotten about me.
Giulia: My leg is some kind of classroom.
Charles: WE'RE UGLY AND WE KNOW IT!
Giulia: Did no one hear me? My leg is a frickin' classroom! And I step on Naples, like, every day!
Charles: Oh, so that's what that was.
Micholetto: I get zero love. Also, I kill everything. And a hot priest whipped me. Wait…why am I complaining about that?
Cesare: Notice how I'm not complaining about being the whipper…*eyebrow waggle*
Rodrigo: We think we enjoy calling ourselves 'we' too much.
Charles: We think the same thing.
Cesare: Then maybe just stop.
Charles: …the boy has sense.
Juan: UGH PEOPLE, PAY ATTENTION TO ME! Oh, right, that's the other thing…I'm an attention whore.
Cesare: Well, you're right about the 'whore' part.
Juan: *glare* Let's have a talk about fratricide.
Micholetto: Dudes, that's a big word! It's so big I don't even know what it means!
Cesare: *facepalm*
Juan: Everytime you facepalm, you kill a unicorn.
Lucrezia: NOOOOOOO! SAVE THE UNICORNS!
Giulia: I've stepped on a few lately…damn you Rodrigo Borgia! Now all of Italy is dependent on my leg! What happens if Rome gets an itch? Huh?
Rodrigo: …that would be bad.
Lucrezia: Sunshine, lollipops, and rainbows.
Micholetto: I don't know what those words mean either…
Lucrezia: They're related to happiness.
Micholetto: Ah. That's why.
Giulia: Florence is getting itchy!
A/N: Please review!


text:
Oceanarium Says Autistic Kids "Disappoint" Other Visitors
A group of autistic children has recently been barred from accessing the Moscow Oceanarium. The staff of a school for autistic students contacted the ocean park to bring several children on a tour. But even after a teacher had explained about what autism is, the Oceanarium still informed the school that their request was "refused" on the grounds that other visitors would not wish to see autistic children. Said the message:
"Visitors do not like to see the disabled, it disappoints them. It is not acceptable.
An oceanarium administrator also suggested that the children visit the facility on a cleaning day, when it is closed to the public.
Hundreds have been expressing their outrage on Facebook and in other social media fora. As one Russian blogger wrote,
"If there had been a group of people using wheelchairs, then we could have explained the Oceanarium's reluctance to let them in on a weekend … but a visit on a cleanup day is beyond understanding."
I would further argue that it is not right to suggest that any group visit only on days when the Oceanarium is closed for cleaning. According to RT.com, the Oceanarium's press service claims it does not know about the incident and that
"…people with disabilities visiting the Oceanarium are normally offered visits on days with less traffic "for their own convenience, and if this incident really has taken place, the staff member will be punished."
The question is about whose "convenience" is being prioritized, that of individuals with disabilities or of the Oceanarium?
Rather than individuals with disabilities being short-changed, the Oceanarium should devise strategies and accommodations so that those with difficulties with mobility or other disabilities can visit. The Oceanarium says that it is indeed "testing a special program for people with disabilities, currently running on cleanup days" and says that it has selected cleaning days so those with disabilities do not have to wait in "long lines and crowds." But the message sent to the autism school suggests that people with disabilities are being encouraged to visit on cleaning days because their presence might bother other visitors.
For children with disabilities and their parents, going out into public can be a very big deal. Not only might an autistic child struggle with crowds and sensory issues such as a grocery store's fluorescent lights and a myriad of smells and sights. Because many autistic children have no visible physical traits identifying their disability, people may mistake behaviors such as crying or repetitive speech as a child "being bad" or "acting weird."
In the time since my son Charlie was diagnosed with autism in 1999, there have been more and more efforts to include autistic children and children with disabilities in public events, from special screenings of popular movies to special performances of Broadway productions to restaurants to amusement parks. The Moscow Oceanarium is taking several steps backwards to say that autistic children should not be seen by other visitors, as if to suggest that autistic children and those with disabilities should neither be seen nor heard by the general public.
Related Care2 Coverage
5 Things the Autism Experts Said My Son Would Never Do (Slideshow)
Why Are Parents Putting Wires On Special Ed Students?
Struggle Over How to Evaluate Special Ed Teachers
Photo of an Oceanarium in Lisbon, Portugal by sheilaellen


text:
Texans QB Keenum makes most of undrafted situation
Updated 12:03 am, Saturday, August 18, 2012
HOUSTON — If you listen to Texans coach Gary Kubiak talk about quarterback Case Keenum enough, one thing becomes clear: He sees a lot of himself in Keenum, the undrafted rookie from the University of Houston.
Kubiak was a Houston Friday night hero in high school and starred at Texas A&M before being drafted in the ninth round by Denver, where he played for nine years.
Keenum, 24, was a high school star who set NCAA records with the Cougars. He signed with the Texans after he went undrafted in the NFL draft last April.
"Yeah, well, I'm taller than he is," Kubiak said, laughing.
Kubiak (listed at 6 feet, 192 pounds as a player) was an intelligent overachiever who lacked a great arm but got every ounce out of his ability. He was extremely accurate and impressed his coaches with his attitude and decision-making.
Keenum (6-foot-1, 209) is an intelligent overachiever who doesn't have a great arm but is accurate and gets every ounce out of his ability. He's also a terrific decision-maker who, yes, impressed the coaches with his attitude.
Sports Channel
- Report: Bills' Zay Jones Arrested After Nude Struggle With Brother Sports Illustrated
- Report: Celtics' Kyrie Irving Getting Second Opinion On Knee Sports Illustrated
- WWE Star Daniel Bryan Medically Cleared To Return To In-Ring Action Sports Illustrated
- Planet Futbol: Who's The Key To The Mexican National Team? Sports Illustrated
- Christian Pulisic Not on Latest Team USA Roster Sports Illustrated
- Planet Futbol: Is Mohamed Salah The Next Great Player? Sports Illustrated
- Eight-Team XFL Competitor Plans to Launch in February 2019 Sports Illustrated
- Game Show Host Bracket: Louie Anderson Names His Best Host of All Time Sports Illustrated
- David Ortiz: Tampering Should Not Be A Problem in MLB Sports Illustrated
- David Ortiz: J.D. Martinez Will Take Pressure Off Rest of Red Sox Sports Illustrated
"He's the leading passer in NCAA history," Kubiak said. "It's amazing what he's done.
"What's been the most impressive is after what he did in college to not get drafted; there's no, 'Why me?' in this kid. He's come here bright-eyed and ready to go every day. He knows he's got a challenge ahead of him, but he's really answering the bell every day."
Kubiak has been so impressed with Keenum's attitude and performance that he's giving him a chance to play with the backups in the third quarter of tonight's game against San Francisco at Reliant Stadium.
Keenum has impressed his teammates, too.
"He's done a good job because it's so completely different from anything he's ever run," starting quarterback Matt Schaub said. "How we teach our quarterback play, he's really embraced it, grasped it and is working hard to get better at it."
Kubiak believes Keenum has earned a chance to play more in front of a home crowd that's familiar with him.
"I know it's going to be really cool getting to play in front of the Houston home crowd again, so I'm really excited," Keenum said. "It's going to be a good test.
"As a quarterback, you've got to prepare the same way each week, whether you're starting or backing up. I guess it's a little bit different being a preseason game, but I'm going to prepare like I know how and study the game plan and be ready to go for anything.
"You always have to calm yourself down. If you're going out calm with no butterflies, then you're probably doing the wrong thing. I always say that if you don't feel some excitement and nervousness than you probably need to be doing something else."
Schaub will start and be relieved by T.J. Yates. Keenum is expected to replace Yates.
"It's been great," Keenum said about training camp. "I take every day as seriously as I can and work as hard as I can.
"I've definitely (seen progress) in all aspects. It's very good to see how far I've come but how far I need to go, too."
Kubiak was glad to be able to get Keenum playing time at Carolina last week. That brief experience should help Keenum be ready for San Francisco.
"It was different," Keenum said. "It was the NFL. We were playing the Carolina Panthers, not SMU or Tulsa or somebody I've played a lot of times. But it was still football but with players a little bit bigger, stronger and faster.
"It was fun. I'm having a blast playing football. I wouldn't rather be anywhere else in the world."


text:
Take a look at over one million sex tube video clips here and go wild while watching salacious honeys going crazy. This Sex Tube will give your a permanent stiffy thanks to all its daily updates and you'll become a fan of Tube Sex action once you experience all the smutty satisfaction on offer here.
Last Added
Delicious blonde massaged and face fucked
Cute horny asian babe fucking..
Views: 1880
Jizz on pussy for curvy ass?аRei..
Views: 1956
Added: 2015-09-16 | Views: 748 | Duration: 5:00
Related Videos
Asian teen babe gets warm facial
Views: 1962
Slutty MILF Nataly Rosa gets her..
Views: 1885
Pgd213 cumshot hardcore japanese
Views: 1932
m!sslaVVr@r@ webcam
Views: 1969
Closeup pissing for blonde in..
Views: 1828
Interracial couple fucking..
Views: 1961
Please give whole hand into my anus
Views: 1869
Two sexy asian girls kissing
Views: 1910
Virgin shows her hymen
Views: 1944
Japanese milf p. Anjanette from..
Views: 1978
Sweet darling rides on a biggest..
Views: 2014
Presley Hart
Views: 1759
Pussy showed caressed..
Views: 1914
Nami Kimura enjoys cock in her..
Views: 1943
Milf masturbation. Brianna from..
Views: 1883
pissing standing in the shower.
Views: 1792
Skinny nymph loves fucking very..
Views: 1970
jeune petite francaise grave..
Views: 1684
Jerri from 1fuckdate.com - Hot..
Views: 1738
Sexy gf anal pain
Views: 1899
Subtitled HD CMNF Japanese woman..
Views: 1643
Tiny Laney is a petite teenie
Views: 1818
Fransisca from 1fuckdate.com -..
Views: 1551
Chinese Bargirl Fuckfest porn..
Views: 1910
Free jav of Miruku Matsusaka Hot
Views: 2086
Teen With Big Natural Tits
Views: 2048
Amateur step slut sucking
Views: 1984
Her doctor gets a handfull of her..
Views: 1814
Views: 1959
domination part 3
Views: 2034
Italian Cheating Wife Anal
Views: 1939
Vance Crawford fucks Armond Rizzo..
Views: 1809
Copyright © All Right Reserved. Reproduction in any form is forbidden. Webmasters


text:
ACT Solid Hub 4-Puck Clutch Kit Mini Cooper S 2002-2005
The ACT Solid Hub 4-Puck Clutch Kit Mini Cooper S is legal for all forms of racing that require SFI compliance. The biggest benefit of the ACT 4-Puck Solid Hub Race Disc is its extremely fast shifts thanks, in part, to its reduced inertia. An ACT R4 race disc friction surface has good durablity but will have shortened spline life. ACT designed the R4 for a heavily modified drag race or road race cars where extremely harsh engagement and clutch chatter is expected. JSC does not recommend the R4 for any road going car. This kit is a solid hub design so it is compatible with the factory Mini dual mass flywheel. Suggested for heavily modified or dedicated tack Mini Coopers only. Torque capacity is rated at 435ft/lbs at the crank.
FITMENT: Mini Cooper S R53 2002-2006
Part Number: BM2-HDR4
- Friction Surface
- Pressure Plate
- Throw-out Bearing
- Alignment Tool
FITMENT: Mini Cooper S R53 2002-2006
Part Number: BM2-HDR4


text:
Mary Koomar
Mary Koomar is an senior vice president with Scottrade, a branch-supported online brokerage firm that provides the tools and research for investors to make their own investment decisions. The firm is based in St. Louis and employs over 3,500 associates nationwide.
Koomar heads the Client Services division, and is responsible for the branch network and national service centers. Prior to her current roles, Koomar was the Branch Manager of Scottrade's St. Louis - West County branch and acted as branch liaison and Special Assistant to the President; she has been with Scottrade for 26 years.
In 2007, Koomar was named to the St. Louis Business Journal's list of 25 Most Influential Business Women. Koomar earned a bachelor's degree in clothing and Textiles from Western Illinois University.
Koomar and her husband, Tony Pawloski, live in Des Peres with their three children.


text: Photo by: Ross D. Franklin Brian Conklin (far right), a regional campaign director for the re-election of President Obama, briefs volunteers about registering new voters prior to them canvassing a heavily Latino neighborhood in Phoenix. Across the country both political parties have been courting the Latino vote, the nation's fastest-growing minority group. (AP Photo/Ross D. Franklin)


text:
The Wasaya Group unveiled its plans for a new student living centre in Thunder Bay as it kicked off fundraising efforts at a banquet and concert Wednesday night at the Valhalla Inn.
The centre — which is estimated to cost about $15 million to build — will house students from First Nations communities who are attending Dennis Franklin Cromarty High School.
Wasaya Group executive vice president MaryEllen Thomas said, in the wake of several First Nation youth deaths in Thunder Bay over the past decade, students and their parents have been asking for this kind of initiative.
"They want to ensure their safety while they're in school and while away from home," she said.
The Dennis Franklin Cromarty Living Centre will be located close to DFC High School and house 150 students in double rooms. The centre will have 24-hour security and recreation facilities.
It will also provide support services, including counselling, on-site.
Thomas said another important support will be guest rooms to accommodate family members visiting from students' home communities, so parents can spend time with their children.
'Time to start investing' in First Nations youth
Jonathan McKay, who graduated from DFC two years ago, said he wishes those kinds of services were around while he was in school.
"Being able to have your family come out and stay with you for a couple of days, that helps out a lot," he said.
McKay said another challenge he faced was getting together with friends socially outside of school because students are billeted in boarding homes all over Thunder Bay.
"[The centre]
would have made life much more easier … my school life much more easier, he said. "Just being with your friends and being under one roof with your friends."
Thomas said the Wasaya Group hopes construction can start on the DFC Living Centre next year so that it can open its doors to students in 2015. She called on the public for support.
"It's really time for people across Canada ... to start investing in our First Nation youth," she said.
Thomas said she hopes to raise part of the required $15 million through fundraising — but noted Wasaya Group will announce some new partnerships next year, which are expected to help generate revenue.
Partners to date include architect Leonard Alfred Wood and building contractor Dowland Contracting Limited.


text:
Cemetary, Musicians, the Moulin Rouge, and a Stray Dog
Paris Travel Blog› entry 11 of 16 › view all entries
This morning we were on our way to the Cimetiere du Pere Lachaise, which was only a few stops away on the metro. The cemetary is famous because it contains the tombs of well-known individuals, such as Jim Morrison, Oscar Wilde, the artist Delacroix, and the talented Chopin. The old cemetary covers more than 110 acres and has graves dating back to the 12th century. It was quite a site to see because all of the tombs were grand, extravagant, and squeezed together in close proximity to each other. During the hour we spent walking through the grounds, we were able to locate the tombs of Jim Morrison and Chopin.
Upon leaving the cemetary, we went in search of a McDonalds, so Jason could get a Royale with cheese, otherwise known as a quarter-pounder in the US.
We were eager to go to Montmarte in the evening, which was my favorite section of Paris the last time I was in the city. When we arrived there, we climbed up steep hills until we reached the Place du Tertre, which is an artsy area featuring tons of local artists who sell their work or offer to paint portraits of you. After watching several artists, some better than others, paint the likenesses of tourists, we decided to buy some crepes.
We then decided to walk down and sit on a large set of stairs that overlooked Paris and provided a marvelous view of the entire city. As we sat, there were a couple of guys playing the guitar and singing. We sat and listened to their music for a good forty-five minutes because they were so entertaining and were able to put the entire crowd in a magnificent mood.
After the musicians packed up their instruments for the night, we headed down the large set of stairs towards the Moulin Rouge, which is also located in Montmarte. On our way to the Moulin Rouge, we passed through Place Pigalle, which we quickly learned to be the "center of nudity" in Paris. We took photos outside of the Moulin Rouge, which wasn't as exciting as we anticipated it to be. Afterwards, we went to an Irish pub where we enjoyed live music and a few drinks. We were getting in the mood for our journey to Ireland the following morning. We sat at the pub for a little over an hour and befriended a stray dog who wandered into the establishment to escape the rain. We named the dog Blackie, for the evening at least, and we picked him up to give the poor dog some love and attention.


text:
Application Procedure for Faculty Research Awards
A complete application consists of three files: a project description (items 1-7 below), a CV and a budget. All applications must be submitted electronically on or before the deadline date to firstname.lastname@example.com. Applications must be submitted in PDF format, except the budget which may be submitted as an Excel document. For assistance in creating PDF documents, please contact the IT Help Desk. An incomplete or late application will not be considered. Do not submit original receipts with proposals. Please hold them until an award is granted.
A completed Faculty Research Award application must include the following:
- Title of project.
- A brief abstract of the project (fewer than 100 words).
- A narrative description (no more than two pages single-spaced, 12 point font, one inch margins) in which the applicant makes clear in language that is accessible to non-specialist colleagues the following:
- the basic ideas, problems, works or questions the study will examine, and the steps to be taken to accomplish this project;
- the significance of the project to the applicant's scholarly field and research program;
- the significance of the project to the applicant's continued scholarly development.
- Faculty applying only for conference travel funding need only explain the significance of the project to the applicant's scholarly field and research program.
- A clear statement of the anticipated outcome(s) of the project. This is not required for proposals requesting only conference travel funding.
- In the case of a request for conference travel, a description of the proposed use of the Dean's professional conference travel must be included. Please see Types of Expenses Funded for details.
- A statement indicating the date and amount of award(s) from the Faculty Development Committee received over the past six years. A brief summary of the results of work supported by such prior funding is a prerequisite for additional funding. Any relationships between previously funded projects and the current one must be described.
- A statement indicating what other sources of funding have been requested or received for the proposed project. Requests for subventions for book publishing should be accompanied by a letter from the press that clarifies the publisher's policy and provides information about the costs for which the applicant seeks funding.
- A current curriculum vitae.
- A budget, as descriptive and detailed as possible in the format shown here. Please see Types of Expenses Funded for help on how to prepare your budget.
A completed Faculty Research Award application should not include the following:
- A cover letter
- Any personal information about the applicant (e.g. salary information, family situation, etc.)
The FDC strives to return decisions within a month of application submission deadlines.
Generation of Income
For all awards, if the project generates income, the relevant fund should be reimbursed.
Grant Period
All grants will cover up to a two-year period from the date of the award. Any unused funds will then revert to the Fund, as will any funds remaining at the end of the academic year from grants to those ending their services to the College in that year.


text:
October has arrived, and the networks are still filling out their dance cards, with two series premiering in prime time on Wednesday.
First up is Super Fun Night (9:30 p.m. on 6ABC), starring Aussie comedienne Rebel Wilson (Pitch Perfect) as a recently promoted New York lawyer who decides her social life needs an upgrade as well. So she ropes her two best friends, Liza Lapira and Lauren Ash, into a new tradition: a weekly hot night on the town.
Three socially awkward eccentrics hot to party? This is not going to be pretty. Unfortunately it doesn't look like it's going to be very funny, either.
Wilson's character, Kimmie Boubier, is pathetically drawn. A colleague asks her, "Nice shoes, by the way. What are they?" "Orthopedics," she responds, with flat affect.
The network tried a very similar premise a decade ago with Sara Rue in Less Than Perfect. She was better in the role, and the show still didn't succeed.
Based on just a few, small attention-grabbing roles, ABC has made a sizable investment in Wilson, handing her the post-Modern Family slot. They may come to quickly rue their decision.
NBC has elected to minimize the risk at 10 p.m. with a familiar TV star (Blair Underwood) in a very familiar TV property (Ironside).
The immortal Raymond Burr starred in the original '60s series as a wheelchair-bound cop who rolled the hills of San Francisco in a specially fitted Scooby van, fighting crime.
In the update, Underwood plays the handicapped title character - only he and his crew (Pablo Schriber, Spencer Garmmer, and Neal Bledsoe) prowl the streets of Manhattan.
Whereas Burr played the role as a brusque and prickly man resigned to his fate, Underwood goes about his business far more aggressively.
Ten seconds into the pilot and he's hefted himself into the backseat of a car and is pounding mercilessly on a suspect, trying to extract a confession. Before the hour is over, he's also subdued a fleeing criminal, and I have a feeling that's not the last time we'll see that scenario.
Despite Underwood's compelling presence and a good-looking cast, this is a rather standard police procedural. Handsome looking, but unremarkable.
The hook, of course, is that Underwood is a guy who refuses to make any concessions to his condition - except maybe to undo a few more buttons on his shirt. But he's still coaching hockey, still a loud bully on the ice.
That's just how he rolls.
Super Fun Night
Wednesday, 9:30 p.m., 6ABC
Wednesday 10 p.m. ET on NBC10
215-854-4552 @daveondemand_tv