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The following account is an overview of the actions of Delta Company, 3rd Battalion, 8th Infantry, from 2-6 March 1969 during the Vietnam War. It is written to provide answers to questions for the survivors and as a legacy for the families and friends of those who served on Hill 947. Much of the information for this report was sorted out in a meeting among three key players of the engagement: company commander CPT Mike Daugherty, artillery forward observer 1LT Hank Castillon, and 4th platoon leader 1LT John Bauer (the author). After Action Reports and Battalion Logs were used to provide time line details.
Operation Wayne Grey, March 1969
The Battle for Hill 947:
Written by Lt. John F. Bauer
It was early March 1969. One of the battalion's companies, Alpha, had just been badly clawed by a North Vietnamese Army (NVA) unit and ceased to exist as a fighting unit. While remnants of beleaguered Alpha were scrambling aboard extraction helicopters, however, Delta Company decided to take the high ground and hold it. They knew they were next in line for demolition, dug in, and waited their turn.
The Enemy
A favorite fighting unit of both NVA commanding general Vo Nguyen Giap and North Vietnam's President Ho Chi Minh was the 66th NVA, better known as the Tiger Regiment. Counted among its warriors were an ethnic group called Nungs, which had its roots in China and had settled in Vietnam hundreds of years earlier. It was not known if Ho Chi Minh was descended from the Nungs, but he considered this regiment his "honor�� unit. In fact, the collared shirt that Ho Chi Minh wore in photographs was of Nung origin. The Nungs were bigger and stronger than their counterparts and took pride in their reputation as fighters. Also, it was the death of some Nungs in the Battle for Hill 947 that led to the belief among some that the Chinese had entered the war on behalf of N. Vietnam, though such was not the case. At any rate, their inclusion made the 66th a tough outfit.
The 66th NVA operated in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. In April of 1969, US intelligence sources knew this unit was menacing the strategic Kontum region and was more than likely to stage new round of operations on the anniversary of the 1968 Tet Offensive. A North Vietnamese Army regiment would typically be comprised of 2-3 battalions and number some 1,500 men.
The Battalion Mission
The assignment for neutralizing the 66th fell to the Army's II Corps and its largest unit, the 4th Infantry Division. The 1st Infantry Brigade would be the principal player. One of the key elements in the 1st Brigade was the 3rd Battalion of the 8th Infantry, which was comprised of four companies, Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, and Delta. They were first to be inserted into the area of operation with a simple reconnaissance mission: locate the enemy. The staging area for the operation was the extensive helicopter pad at the Special Forces camp called Polei Kleng, a few miles west of Kontum City, roughly in the middle of South Vietnam, close to both Cambodia and Laos and very near the enemy supply line know as the Ho Chi Minh trail. It was considered such a hot zone that intelligence gathered by Special Forces in the area led them to advise against going in at all, at least not in company-sized units.
As soon as the helicopters arrived, the companies scrambled aboard and were lifted skyward to their individual destinations in the densely forested region of the highlands, home to their enemy. The date was 2 March 1969. The month-long mission of the brigade would later be known as Operation Wayne Grey.
Companies A (Alpha), B (Bravo), and D (Delta) all made some enemy contact on 3 March, but it was Alpha that early on ran headlong into the headquarters of the 66th. The NVA reacted quickly and, like ants against a hapless insect that blunders into their nest, surrounded the company, beat it badly, and sent it into a hasty withdraw. Although it put up a brave fight, the small company was no match for the larger unit. Its forty or so remaining men, of a company of about 100, were extracted from the area of operations the following day under extreme duress.
The defeat of Alpha was so sudden that other units could not be deployed to their relief soon enough. Bravo Company tried to assault in by helicopter but repeatedly found the landing zones too hot, while Delta, on foot, was simply too far away. While Alpha's initial battle raged, Delta commanding officer (CO), CPT Mike Daugherty and artillery forward observer (FO) 1LT Hank Castillon, were monitoring the radio exchange between Alpha and battalion HQ and new that Alpha was in serious trouble. They heard the crackle of gunfire amid panicky voices as Alpha was being overrun and its commanding officer killed. Because Alpha had to withdraw in haste and leave some dead and wounded behind, Delta's orders were changed from doing reconnaissance missions to finding Alpha's location and search for survivors.
The Delta Company Mission
With its new mission of finding Alpha Company men, dead or alive, and to move quickly to the site, Delta conducted an unusual night march on 3 March. It was always considered a last resort to move an infantry company at night through enemy territory in a heavily forested area. In the process, they overshot their mark on the map and found themselves in a canyon area rather than on a desired ridgeline. It was an uncharacteristic location error that actually may have saved them. Although at the time they cursed having to hump up a steep slope the next morning to get back on their original ridgeline and to their target, Hill 947. "God was on our side,�� Daugherty would say later. "What we learned after the operation was over was that elements of the NVA were on the portion of the ridgeline that we went around by getting disoriented in the darkness.��
1LT Castillion was extremely concerned at this point since the company had gotten out of range of supporting artillery. Daugherty's standard policy during any combat movement never to be out of range of supporting guns, and Castillon saw to it. When Delta reached 947, it was back in range. But it was also at the back door of the 66th, a mere 2-3 kilometers from Alpha's battle site. Luckily, Delta arrived unnoticed. But not for long.
The 4th Platoon had taken point during the day march to Hill 947 and was thus in the best readiness position to move toward Alpha's location. It was late afternoon, about 1600, and by this time a normal operation would have called for a unit to dig in and secure a night location. But Alpha's location was less than two kilometers away, so the decision was made to continue the mission and make a run for the site. The 1st Platoon, having joined the company late after a separate mission, would stay and secure the hill. So the 4th Platoon led the way. Sgt. Jerry Johnson was the point man. He was followed by the platoon leader, ILT John Bauer.
The Alpha POW Rescue Incident
The company, with 4th Platoon out front, sped quickly but cautiously down a wide, high-speed trail. Moving with caution along a trail in enemy territory was nothing new, but what made this different was evidence of enemy activity. Communication (commo) wire straddled the side of the trail. And the sod was hard-packed, evidence of heavy traffic. Coupled with the elephant tracks seen the day before while coming up the ridgeline, there was no question that Delta was close to enemy contact, really close. A very large force was using a trail this size. Another reason for caution was that the word came down that Alpha Company, while trying to defend itself, had been seriously hurt by snipers. So the point man, Johnson, paid close attention to the trees as he pressed forward. In single file, the company moved with purpose into territory owned and operated by the 66th NVA Tigers.
It should be noted that the job of pulling point was generally rotated from platoon to platoon for obvious reasons, but the 4th Platoon was geared up to take the lead despite having taken point earlier in the quest to 947. During infantry operations in Nam, the saying went that "The point man's a dead man.�� But fortune was with the platoon, and the point man to get killed belonged to the enemy.
Johnson and LT Bauer, close behind, completely surprised an NVA element coming up the trail toward them. The gooks (as the enemy were called) were talking and moving casually, clearly not expecting to meet American soldiers on the trail. This fact attested to Delta's luck at arriving undetected. As the gooks rounded a bend, Johnson and Bauer had time to get crouched in firing positions, and then they opened up. The enemy point man fell straight away. The rest flew like crazy toward the trees after returning some misdirected fire. It was an adrenalin rush, but not much of a firefight. We hit several of them. The official body count was four KIAs.
During the firefight, Bauer moved behind a tree and was about to squeeze off more shots at a figure he could not miss. The figure was fewer than 15 meters away, concealed somewhat in the undergrowth. Bauer had him dead in his sights, but held off long enough to notice that the figure in the brush was no NVA. The person waved back and forth in a "Don't shoot!�� manner. He was Caucasian and yelling in clear, if frantic, English tones.
There was no question of the next move, for it came from a hundred familiar movie scenes: "Get over here, I'll cover you!�� Bauer shouted, waving his arm. Bauer sprayed the area around him as other members of the company began to move forward and take charge.
The newly liberated soldier was PVT Guffy (first name lost to memory), a survivor of Alpha Company. He was beside himself with joy to see friendly faces again. By this time, CPT Daugherty and 1LT Castillon, had joined Bauer, among others, and they asked him about his situation. The white orbs of Duffy's's flashing eyes contrasted with the filth of his face as he began his tale. It was an unforgettable moment for those around the tree as Duffy spoke. It was quite a tale, and it contrasted greatly with his joyful state of mind.
At that moment, Guffy felt pretty sure that he was the only survivor. As Daugherty, Castillon, and Bauer recall, much of the conversation went like this: "They were all over us,�� he began. "They were in the trees shooting down. We didn't stand a chance, like we landed right on top of a hornets' nest. Everyone was getting killed. I remember someone saying it was every man for himself. We tried to pull out of there.��
This part of Guffy's account was unforgettable: "I got knocked out by some concussion grenade, I guess. They must have thought I was dead. When I came to, they had me get up. Then they had me walk around with them. They shot the wounded guys. I had to watch this. I don't know why they didn't kill me. Maybe they needed a prisoner.�� He was petty definite about the advice he gave us. "Don't go down that trail. They're dug in. They've got bunkers. They'll be waiting. I saw lots of officers. This is a big outfit.��
In reflection, it was great providence to have run into Guffy and his NVA captors. Lives were spared.
The Decision to Return Immediately to Hill 947
The question for CO Daugherty was whether or not to pursue the standing orders to search for Alpha survivors or to backtrack to Hill 947, dig in, and set up a defensive perimeter. The firefight had assured us that our presence was known to the NVA. Of that there was no question. And it looked to us, based upon the former POW's testimony, that there were no survivors at Alpha's old location. Plus, the 66th NVA was dug in along the trail. Daugherty weighed the options, chose not to proceed and radioed battalion about the new situation. The battalion commander, LTC Hickey, concurred. The company would dig in on Hill 947. A dust-off was ordered for PFC Guffy, and for lack of a landing zone in the dense forest, he was lifted through the trees in a basket.
The Hill.
In Vietnam, hills were named for their altitudes. Delta's hill was 947 meters in elevation. Many of the trees on the hill had been downed by a 500-pound bomb, and the logs strewn about would served as cover. It was into the relative safety of the bomb's crater that the wounded would later be placed. Three ridgelines, or fingers, fed the hill. One of them, to the north, boasted the high-speed trail that would have led to Alpha's former position. Having had the firefight on it already, it was easily the most likely enemy attack route. This was on the mind of artillery FO Castillon, who was already at work prefiguring firing coordinates.
A second high-speed avenue of approach was to the southwest. This had been our own approach route, and it was determined the least likely to be a path of enemy assault. A third finger came from the southeast. It was an unknown factor. As night fell on 4 March 1969, Delta had established its defensive perimeter on Hill 947. Recalling the earlier firefight and the words of warning from former POW Guffy, LT Bauer remembered turning to his platoon sergeant, Bruce Thompson, and remarking, "You know, pretty soon we're going to be surrounded.�� Thompson replied, "We're probably already surrounded.�� Delta knew it was camped at the rear end of the headquarters element and that the 66th could not operate freely with an American infantry company situated at that location. The 66th had to dislodge Delta or run the risk of losing its strategic advantage in the area.
Let the Fight Begin
The mortars hit first. It was about 0730 the next morning when the cry, "In-coming!�� rent the air. Grunts (as American soldiers were called) dove for cover as the rounds landed in quick succession. Several rounds exploded in trees, sending shrapnel flying everywhere. These chunks made a whizzing sound in the air. ILT Castillon, the FO, was quick to respond with artillery to the suspected location of the enemy tube. You could hear the bark and rumble of 105s and 155s in the distance, then the whir and crash of the rounds. The first casualties from the enemy mortar were reporting in, and a medical evacuation (dust off) helicopter was put on alert. But the artillery appeared to have silenced the mortar for the time being.
Then the hill came alive with small arms fire at close range. The NVA set off claymore mines captured from Alpha Company. Both sides used the thick brush and trees as cover. There was little open ground for good target and firing opportunities, except on the three ridgelines. Between these ridges, the slopes were steep and the brush so extremely thick that an enemy could approach within yards of friendly positions and not be seen. The NVA were probing, trying to locate machine gun positions, trained as the guns were on the likely avenues of approach the ridges afforded. Increasing sniper fire soon made it difficult to move around inside the perimeter.
One of the 4th Platoon's M60's went toe-to-toe with an enemy machine gun. Both were zeroed in. At one point, the gunner, SPC Ralph Marquez, crouched behind his cover and held the M60 over his head, pretty much firing blind. Others helped him zero his direction. When the siege was broken the next afternoon, Marquez found the body of his adversary, along with the gun. In his words, "I nailed the sonovabitch.��
At 0815, an hour after the initial action, platoon-size elements of NVA were spotted moving east of the perimeter, while others were seen maneuvering to the west. To keep the NVA off balance, the CO ordered a general "mad minute�� to commence, and the troops responded by continuous firing into the unknown. However effective this procedure was in keeping the gooks at bay, it was not the way to conserve ammunition. By 0830 the company was in need of an emergency supply of ammunition, water, and medical supplies. And at the same time, the NVA again opened up its 60mm mortar, and Delta began taking more in-coming rocket fire. These rounds appeared to harm the 3rd platoon the most, since they had the least overhead cover. Thus far Delta casualties were three KIAs and 20 WIAs. But the perimeter remained intact. The NVA had yet to make a serious run for our position. That would come later.
At 1130 a helicopter attempted a dust off of seriously wounded. Hovering above the hill, and well aware of the risks, the crew used a cable penetrator to extract several of the seriously wounded. It wasn't long before the chopper attracted heavy ground fire and started to take hits. Troops from Delta responded with their own suppressing fire as the helicopter hovered. On its way out, the chopper took hits in the tank and limped smoking but safely to an emergency landing in friendly territory.
The Rockets Red Glare
In the afternoon, the NVA resumed its pressure on the beleaguered company by stepping up the mortar attack and sniper fire. Then came the B-40 rockets, or RPGs (rocket-propelled grenades). These could be employed against infantry with devastating effect by being aimed at trees. When hit, the shattered tree fragments could then become lethal projectiles. One such rocket slammed against a tree in Bauer's 4th platoon, directly above a three-man foxhole. For some reason, however, it did not explode in the usual manner. When it hit the tree, the explosive material sent the shell casing flying, causing severe injuries to nearby troops, including Rick Schlafer, who was knocked unconscious, suffering a skull fracture and severe facial injuries from the searing shrapnel. But the tree still stood and the shaft was still visible. A true blast of a rocket would have rent the tree and produced far more casualties.
In the middle of the afternoon, as ammunition was getting dangerously low, a re-supply helicopter made a mad run for the hill flying at tree-top level, dropping water and other supplies along with ammo. The chopper guys were understandably in a hurry to jettison their cargo, but in their haste, they missed their mark, landing the 4th platoon area. Some of the heavy metal water canisters just missed hitting some of the soldiers, while the rest of the re-supply rolled down the steep slope in front of the 4th platoon and into enemy territory. The slope itself was thick with brush, but the decision was made to go for the goods, hoping that the NVA were thin or non-existent at that particular site.
As Bauer recollects, "I told my platoon sergeant to gather hand grenades, that I had a plan. When the grenades were ready, I dove through a sniper zone and rolled up against a tree several yards outside the perimeter. Sensing I was in a safe spot, I then had the sergeant toss me the hand grenades one at a time. One after another, I pulled the pins, and threw three or four on each side of the tree in random distances into the thickets. After the last 'crump' of the exploding grenades, a squad was able to make its way to the supplies without incident.��
But soon came the tear gas. The NVA were throwing Alpha's tear gas into the perimeter. The air was thick with smoke and gas. An attack was launched on the third and first platoon side but was repulsed. Smoke and confusion enshrouded the hill. The hill reeked of gas, of sulfur from exploding shells, of sweat from grimy troops, and of the unmistakable whiff from the mounting toll of the dead.
CPT Daugherty recalled the incident of what he believed to be the first do die on the hill: "I knew the guy. I had stopped by earlier in the night before checking on troops and we made some small talk. He was glad I came around. Later, when we were taking incoming, he showed up in the CP bleeding badly from the neck. You could see this huge hole. He said a few words and just bled out. Collapsed and died. There was nothing we could do.��
Meantime, the artillery continued to pound expected enemy assault routes. Castillon had calculated the likely staging areas of an NVA attack, and sent the 155s pounding forth. We would learn later during the enemy body count how effective this tactic proved to be. It was certainly a crucial factor in the company survival. If the NVA could not mass safely, they could not rush in an organized fashion. On the downside, to avoid the artillery barrage, the NVA were forced to hunker close in to the perimeter where they could cause a heavy dose of small arms damage with the help of captured Alpha Company ordnance.
As 3rd platoon troop PFC Byron Adams recalls, "The gooks were right on top of us when the s*** really hit. I lost a couple of good buddies very quickly. Steve and Wayne were near me but not the same hole. Steve was in my platoon and I think Wayne was 2nd. When the claymores were being used from Alpha, Steve took almost a direct and there was the briefest of a yell of pain and he was dead. Wayne was up at that point and suddenly he was gone, too. I knew these men well and we were in close proximity of each other. Stuart Halle crawled out to Wayne's body and covered the upper portion with a poncho. I'll never forget when they went down. But I pretty much lost my memory of events after that. I just sort of blocked it all out.��
A Night With Spooky
By late evening of 5 March, all was quiet on 947. We were not looking forward to what darkness would bring. At night, the enemy had the advantage. and we knew they would make another run at us. We could only stay alert and use our support resources.
One such resource was an air support gunship known as "Spooky.�� It was a slow moving, wide-bodied, propeller-driven craft with an enormous machine-gun capability. It sported both the standard 30 caliber and the bigger 50 caliber guns, the latter of which could slash effectively through the undergrowth. Huge flares were dropped to light up the area. As the plane slowly circled the perimeter, both guns fired continuously at unspecified targets near as possible to our positions. Spooky arrived early a.m. on 6 March. It was a rain of death for unprotected NVA.
But Spooky was unlucky for a wounded soldier in the command post. His death was not caused by an errant machine gun round fired by Spooky. Instead, hewas killed by a flare that failed to ignite. Lying on the ground near the CP was a soldier who had been badly injured the preceding day. As it descended, the flare swung side to side suspended by its parachute and buoyed by the breeze. Those who watched it come down knew it would hit forcefully and wanted to be out of its way. Normally, the burning of the flash powder would lesson the weight so that the remaining carcass was not a concern. But with a full canister of unspent powder, the flare careened down speedily and plunged into the soldier's head. He didn't stand a chance.
The NVA rushed at first light. They hit in the first and third platoon areas, again softening our positions with another mortar barrage. As they broke through the perimeter, LT Castillon and CPT Daugherty made the supreme decision. They called artillery on our own position. It had to be done. Previously, they had walked it in as close as possible. But now it was time to play the ace. There was no end to its devastating effect. The NVA were stopped dead in their tracks. Their scant cover was no match for the 155s that slammed through the forest canopy. Delta did not lose a man to the friendly fire, another huge lucky break.
At first light, Delta regrouped for another onslaught. With a respite from action, the CO decided it was time to push out our tight perimeter in order to give us some breathing room. The 4th Platoon was to suffer from this decision. Daugherty called the platoon leaders to the command post and gave the order. At the appointed time, all platoons were to advance. When the time came, men of the 4th men left their positions at a low crawl and inched forward. Into what was a known sniper space mentioned earlier in the grenade episode, 4th Platoon Sergeant Bruce Thompson crawled, followed by RTO (radioman) Billy Perry, and LT Bauer.
The three had proceeded only several meters from their previous "safe�� location when a sniper opened fire from the trees to their left. It was the unmistakable high pitch sound of an AK47. The three were the proverbial sitting ducks. There were two short bursts. The first missed to the right. The second was right on target. In succession the platoon sergeant was hit and then RTO Perry. Bauer could see the rounds hitting the first two men and coming toward him. One round landed close enough to kick dirt into his eyes. Then the burst ended. Others in the platoon had spotted the sniper and blew him away.
When the sniper was silenced to the great joy of all, Thompson and Perry were pulled back into safe ground. Both survived. The RTO suffered a leg injury, while the sergeant was shot in the buttocks. He agreed to a shot of morphine and was told he wouldn't be sitting down any time soon.
As it turned out, 2nd Platoon had not pushed out its side of the perimeter. This had the effect of leaving the 4th without cover on its flank.
The Death of Sgt. Jerry Johnson
One of the most popular men of Bauer's 4th Platoon was SGT Jerry Johnson, mentioned earlier as having been the point man a day earlier during the first encounter with the 66th. He was a superior soldier and liked throughout the company. As LT Bauer recalled the event,
"It was also on the morning of 6 March that the saddest event of my life took place. Moving from position to position, I was busy checking on the troops. I went to the farthest right of my strung-out platoon and asked the whereabouts of Johnson. Several of the men in foxholes did not utter a word. They just pointed. I moved forward to a foxhole a good several meters out in front the main line. It served as an observation post and had the best view of an enemy approach. When I got there I saw Johnson, dead, being cradled by his best buddy, machine gunner Ralph Marquez. Johnson had a single bullet hole in his neck or head, as I remember. That scene touches me deeply to this day. I knew Johnson very well and was given to great sadness. But I knew I was not free to show it. Other men were watching closely and as the platoon leader I had to act. I said, 'All right, c'mon. Let's get him out of here.' I grabbed Johnson's legs and together with Marquez at his arms, lifted him out. We carried him to a corner by the bomb crater, laid him with the other dead, and put a poncho over him.
"The dead were stacked a little like cordwood,�� Bauer went on. "The crater itself shielded many of the nearby wounded from small arms and mortar fire. Years later, when I saw the movie Platoon, the last scene when Charlie Sheen lifts off in the chopper and looks down was almost identical the real crater on Hill 947. It had a chilling effect.��
The CO Makes a Tough Call
Late that morning of 6 March, the cry of "in-coming�� once more split the air. This would prove to be the end of the mortar, however. A light observation helicopter was overhead at the time and spotted the tube. It called for a gunship, which moved quickly in for the kill.
That was the last we heard from the 66th's attempt to dislodge us from the hill. Gunships, artillery, and the tenacity of our troops carried the day. The NVA mission was either to dislodge us and send us packing, like Alpha Company, or to overrun us. They did neither. On one, occasion, however, Delta was almost delivered over to them. Inexplicably, the brigade commander at one point had ordered Delta to withdraw off the hill, dead, wounded and all. He was flying overhead, observing the action, and gave the order. CPT Daugherty knew that this was a really bad idea, since he did not have the manpower to cover such a retreat with the dead and wounded. The company would be forced into the open where it would be cut to pieces. Daugherty refused the direct order to abandon the hill.
Daugherty knew at the time it was not a good career move to refuse a direct order, but he had no choice. His company was at stake. But another strange turn of events took place to save both his career and his company. A second chopper was in the air over the hill and was monitoring the radio exchange between the company and brigade commanders. The person in this chopper was the Army's overall commander in Vietnam, Gen. Creighton Abrams. Abrams broke into the conversation on his command radio frequency and ordered the brigade commander to break contact and return to base. The brigade commander would be relieved of his command.
Turning the Tide
By noon on 6 March, the nightmare for Delta was coming to a close. Almost. The company had prevailed against the 66th, which had broken contact. Sensing victory, Delt cautiously left its positions and moved out to explore the area and to do an enemy body count. Within two hours the count of enemy dead were close to 90. Many were clustered together, obviously in staging areas that were targeted by the artillery. In effect, the Americans were able to deliver their coup de grace before they could deliver theirs. A generous pile of captured weapons grew quickly as the men scoured the terrain. Among the enemy weapons were those belonging to Alpha soldiers, a grim reminder of the fate Delta troops were spared. It was definitely a period of some hard earned "down time.�� Some weary soldiers had already started a fire to make some hot chow for a grateful change.
The Costly Accident
There was an urgency to remove the tall trees and develop a viable landing zone for larger helicopters to re-supply the company and to transport the dead and wounded to the rear. Engineers had arrived and were busy at work wiring trees with demolition charges to blow enough room on the hill. Also slated for demolition were two dud mortar rounds impacted closely together in the 4th Platoon area. A soldier stood watch over them so that nobody would step on them and set them off. The duds were wired with the same detonation cord connected to the explosives tied to the trees, so that when the engineers were ready to blow the hill, the duds would be exploded. It was like a string of Christmas tree lights. When the time was right, the engineers would cry the usual "Fire in the hole!�� to clear everybody off the hill and out of danger. But the cry never came.
No one knows how it happened, but the dud mortar rounds and the trees and anything else wired into them went off, suddenly and unplanned, in a huge blast. Among the serious casualties were two platoon leaders, Bauer and 1LT Willy Wingfield of the 1st. Both had to be medevacked. Bauer had been only a few yards from the duds went they exploded and faced evacuation from Vietnam and two months of hospitalization. Wingfield's arm was shredded by tree debris. Also, one of the engineers working on the detonation detail was blasted so far from the hill that his body wasn't recovered until three days later when someone followed the trail of stench from his decaying corpse. The soldier guarding the duds was miraculously unhurt after being lofted high into the air and tumbling to the ground.
The Aftermath of Battle
Only about 40 able-bodied men of Delta were left to regroup and to welcome thelink-up with sister companies Bravo and Charlie. For some reason, Delta survivors would get no respite from the combat field. Operation Wayne Grey would not end for another month, and they would remain a part of it.
In the end, it would be declared a major victory against the Tiger Regiment, the vaunted NVA 66th. Americans would eventually get to Alpha Company's old location, where up to 15 bodies still lay from the scene of their brief, furious battle.
The keys to Delta's survival were manifold. There was the fortune to surprise the NVA squad escorting PFC Guffy out of the area. This had the effect of sparing Delta from stumbling into an Alpha-like situation. There was the tight defensive perimeter that permitted the strongest fighting stance for the tenacious troops. Then there was CPT Daugherty's decision to disobey a direct order to abandon the hill and not get shredded in a hasty withdrawal. The chopper re-supply units and the gunship support during the long night were a huge help. Finally, and arguably the most important factor in Delta's survival, was the constant artillery support called into play by LT Castillon. The 66th NVA could neither get into an effective attacking posture nor, ultimately, to get out from under its rain of terror.


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The Canberra Southern Cross Club has experienced an exodus of its so-called "religious members" since being forced to charge clergy for the privilege of enjoying its facilities.
It seems that the $5 annual fee was too much of a cross to bear for some priests and nuns who have long been accustomed to free membership of their favourite club.
The Canberra Times reported last August that the Southern Cross Club was outraged over being forced by the ACT government to charge religious members, who had been exempted from paying since the club's establishment in the 1970s.
The club has six branches across the ACT, including the Yacht Club in Yarralumla, and a membership of about 85,000.
Only a small percentage of the membership falls under the category of "religious members", but of those about one-third have withdrawn their patronage since their honorary status has been changed.
Club management did not wish to comment, saying only that it had not undertaken a review of its membership numbers recently.
But other sources have confirmed that quite a few clergy had left the club since the rules changed.
"The ministers didn't like being made to pay so a lot of them just quit the club," one well-placed contact said. "Priests believe they are supposed to collect money, not hand it over."
ACT legislation requires that every member of a club that is licensed for gaming must pay a membership fee unless they have been given a life membership.
The Southern Cross Club had not been adhering to that requirement.
Its membership guidelines stipulated that "any priest, brother, nun, minister or spouse or full-time student of a recognised religion" did not have to pay annual fees.
When the anomaly was brought to the attention of the ACT Gambling and Racing Commission last year, it acted to pull the club into line and pointed out that it was in technical breach of the legislation.
Commission chief executive Greg Jones told The Canberra Times at the time that it was a simple matter of the club having to obey the law.
"Every member of a club in the ACT needs to pay a fee unless they are a life member," he said.
"It is about being consistent with the legislative requirement that has been in place for 15 or 20 years now."
Chris Johnson is a political correspondent. Most recently Chris was the Canberra bureau chief, and national political correspondent for The Sunday Age and The Sun-Herald.
Morning & Afternoon Newsletter
Delivered Mon–Fri.

subset: commoncrawl


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Olympic and Paralympic athletes from the north-east have voiced their support for a road safety campaign which targets young drivers.
The Safe Drive Stay Alive roadshow aims to reduce the number of young people killed or seriously injured in road traffic collisions in Grampian.
The hard-hitting production, which began at Aberdeen's Beach Ballroom yesterday (Monday), will deliver a real shock to fifth year pupils from across the north-east, with a thought-provoking stage show and film which tells the story of a tragic road accident.
Athletes including gold medal-winning canoeist Tim Baillie and cyclist Neil Fachie, have joined the call for young people to take responsibility and make sure they are safe behind the wheel. Tim and Neil have been joined by swimmers Robbie Renwick and Inverurie swimmer Hannah Miley who all backed the campaign.
Hannah, who saw the Safe Drive Stay Alive show during her fifth year, said the show had "really helped improve my driving" and "made her more aware".
A free Safe Drive Stay Alive show for the public takes place at the Beach Ballroom on Wednesday, November 7, from 7.15pm.
The roadshow is designed to help reduce the number of young people involved in fatal or serious road collisions in Grampian.


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Monday, November 03, 2008
Your tax dollars at work...
8 comments:
well, the dead have to rise before election day in Chicago.
- 9:36 AM, November 03, 2008
- crankylitprof said...
Christ, keep your mouth shut. The Zombie voting block is frigging HUGE, and they'll start catering to them for the '12 election.
"From each, according to cranium size, to each according to hunger for brains!"
- 1:33 PM, November 03, 2008
Behold his mighty power!
- 3:32 PM, November 03, 2008
With the 'in your face' vote fraud, the campaign contributions from Elvis and the Ghostbusters, the suppression of dissenting views and media who aren't 'Team O players', it should be pretty obviouse that our last presidential election was the last one. This one is more of a Chicago-style gang heist.
- 3:59 PM, November 03, 2008
No wonder they are worried about bitter gun clingers if a signficant voting bloc is zombies.
After all, what are they gonna charge you with for shooting a zombie?
"Discharge of a firearm within city limits?"
Here's my 50$ fine, can I have my season pass?
- 5:51 PM, November 03, 2008
- Brigid said...
Speaking of raising the dead - that alarm in the back bedroom is set for 4 something. You might want to make sure the button is off.
See you all in a few days.
- 6:15 PM, November 03, 2008
- staghounds said...
Thank you for the link!
- 5:49 AM, November 04, 2008
- Earl said...
I almost understand why I can't get my morning fix of Tam, sigh. Do good stuff for Barkley.
- 10:26 AM, November 04, 2008


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Move over, Menswear Dog. There's an new well-dressed canine in town, and she's a French bulldog named Trotter who has had some stylistic help of her owner, photographer Sonny Yu, and is versatile enough to pull off any look from bangin' gold hip hop to Parisian chic to pipe-smoking gentleman.
Via This Is Colossal


text:
Thomas Roessler wrote on 2009-03-11: > Perhaps of interest to some here. It may be worth including ECC keys in the set of new KeyInfo child options for "encoded" keys, since the DSA and RSA options are derived from the respective SubjectPublicKeyInfo definitions as well. -- ScottReceived on Wednesday, 11 March 2009 15:41:39 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Tuesday, 6 January 2015 20:55:10 UTC


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Re: Siblings of John Garraway of Gloucester?
In reply to:
Siblings of John Garraway of Gloucester?
graham hardy 1/05/06
My name is Elaine Richards formerly Garaway and I too am looking for a John Garraway from Old Sodbury in Gloucester who either married a Margaret Smith or a Jane Raggett! My great great grandfather was a Francis Garaway who married an Elizabeth Caulton in 1810 in Spalding Lincolnshire.I believe that he had been married before that but don't know who to? He died aged 49 in 1816 Spalding and was buried at St Mary and Nicholas Church Spalding, so would very much like to find a connection.I know that Francis Garaway's father was a John Garaway from Old Sodbury Gloucester but as yet don't know which one!
Please feel free to contact me with any information on this, my E-Mail address is firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Re: Looking for any Fleege
In reply to:
Looking for any Fleege
Peg, Not sure if you are still looking for any Fleege's but i have been one of 21 years. Im the son of Marty and Sue Fleege and Marty is the son of Harold and Lorraine Fleege and the list goes on and on. Don't know if im any help but more than willing to share what I know, just email me.
Thanks Ken


text: Nanos Research is a leader in the field of providing opinion research relating to public affairs and public policy. Our experience includes conducting projects for all levels of government as well as providing public policy research for private sector associations, companies and NGOs. To follow is a sample of our experience in the field of public policy.


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Rami Kalish I Pitango Venture capital- Co-Founders of TSAV 8 to BCN
Pitango Venture Capital is Israel's largest venture capital firm and a lead investor in seed, early and expansion stage companies. It has helped grow over 100 companies, managing funds in excess of $1.3 billion in committed capital.
The team's unique hands-on approach and personal involvement in each portfolio company is reflected in dedicated and informal working relationships with entrepreneurs.
The Pitango is a semi-wild cherry that grows in almost every Israeli neighborhood. Finding the ripened Pitango fruit takes persistence, as the best Pitangos are always the hardest to find.
Yael Shany I Branding Strategist, Co Founder of TSAV 8 to BCN
A strategic consultant specialised in Integrated Marketing Communication (from concept and vision, investors relations and up to advertising). Community manager of Open Coffee Club Israel- an entrepreneurs & mentors community.
Prior to that Yael has 10 years experience heading strategic and creative planning in advertising agencies. She has led strategic branding processes, advertising and communication strategies for telecom companies, such as MIRS, BEZEQ, CELLCOM, as well as with commercial companies such as Jaguar, Corona, El-Al and more.
MA in Social Psychology from Tel Aviv University.
Izhar Shay I Partner at Canaan partners
Canaan Partners is a global venture capital firm that invests in people who turn visionary ideas into valuable and significant technology & healthcare companies. We were early investors in some of the world's leading technology companies, including Acme Packet, CommerceOne, DoubleClick and Match.com and as well as healthcare giants Cerexa, Dexcom, Northstar Neuroscience and Peninsula Pharmaceuticals.
Among the leading companies in Israel in the field of business travels, serving with 140 experienced agents, operating in 23 branches within Israel.
AMEX Travel is the leader in exhibitions, offering an experience knowledgeable team, accessible 24 hours a day, taking care of a variety of exclusive services among it special flights, hotels, passes, board rooms, translations etc. We believe that our vast experience working with business clients, in the field of conventions and conferences, persisting on leading knowledge and technology tools, will enable us to contribute to the success of our clients in their business travels.
Tsav 8 2011 >


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|Reviews for Hera
| Guest chapter 1 . 1/22/2014
| KrnYong chapter 1 . 1/25/2013
Wow... I always felt really bad for Hera, and seeing her in this new light as a true protector of women is at the same time sad and wonderful. Thank you
| MidnightAngel1095 chapter 1 . 1/1/2013
nice story, poor Hera if only the other gods knew what she is doing is right.
| fireflowerr chapter 1 . 10/24/2012
Wow great writing! You convincingly wrote a Hera I never considered before
| Guest chapter 1 . 6/28/2012
I love how you think of Hera in a new perspective that not many people do. Its deep and thoughtful and to me Absolutely true to Hera and her legacy.
| Seph Meadowes chapter 1 . 5/21/2011
Brilliant reinterpretation and writing.
| utterlyheartbroken chapter 1 . 1/17/2011
This is beautiful, poor Hera (
| shadowphantomnessyahoo.com chapter 1 . 10/1/2010
In truth, I believe this is how I also see Hera, because Zeus, in my point of view, is the very worst of mankind, an example of what a guy would do with unlimited power and no consequences. Why would he care about coddling and cuddling and seducing if he could just take and rape all the women he wanted? And even if Hera were jealous, I would not blame her. Marriage IS supposed to be a sacred bond between one man and one woman!
Good job,
| incogneto chapter 1 . 8/17/2010
this was very good
| SKT chapter 1 . 8/25/2009
Fascinating story that really puts Hera into the good light. I'm impressed that you tried to show in this way. Good job, insightful person you. -ruffles hair-
You: O.o
| Proudly Vain chapter 1 . 7/21/2007
I like this story, and you made some rather good points, brilliant writing btw.
| mad about books chapter 1 . 4/4/2007
Wow! This is a very powerful story in Hera's voice... Honestly, I've never liked or paid too much attention to Hera. Hera always seems to be relegated to the background, while Artemis, Aphrodite, or Pallas Athena got most of the attention.
But this is a very symphatetic look to what made her the goddess that she is. And it made me like Hera more.
Fantastic job!
| Diana chapter 1 . 8/22/2005
oh wow...this is really good,
I have imagined Hera somewhat like this,
a woman with a story behind her 'jealousy',
I think it's really wonderful,
keep up the good work
| MoonFairy chapter 1 . 12/18/2004
Very good! I applaude your skill!
Hera is one of my all time favorite goddess' of Greek Mythology, and to see her portrayed in a good view just warms my heart! It makes me wish there are more authors like you.
Anyhoo, great job! Any chance to write some more on this subject?
| Tsuyu no Inochi chapter 1 . 10/27/2004
What interest me the most, in regards to this story, is your choice of Olympian. Hera is not known to be one of the favorites. I recall, in class, the majority of females chose Pallas Athena or Artemis for reports. I didn't learn to appreciate Hera or her role as protector of women unitl later.
Good insight.


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CPP-LUXURY.COM interviews exclusively Luca Solca, Managing Director (Sector Head Global Luxury) EXANE BNP Paribas
What do you make of the recent reports on the slowing growth of the luxury fashion power-players?
Luxury market growth is structurally moderating, as GDP growth in China moderates and the headroom to driver retail penetration deeper in that market is modest.
Which are the key factors which have been contributing to this slow-down in growth?
1) Store development in China has reached an appropriate level, the "land grab" is virtually over.
2) GDP growth in China is moderating.
How do you see full year 2014 performance of these major luxury companies?
I expect moderate progression, with market growth between 5% and 6%, but strong FX headwinds given the EUR strength.
Are there still any ''recession proof'' players?
I don't expect a recession scenario in FY14E at present.
Diversified companies – like LVMH and CFR – enjoy the fact that different categories are not in synch.
Hermès enjoys the fact that it "starves" the market of its top selling products, and could during a recession open the tap just a little bit more.
Besides store closures, what do you think luxury companies should do in China to revive their business performance?
What companies have announced makes a lot of sense. Limiting store expansion and working to support brand desirability and product excellence is key.
Lobbying to reduce taxation in China and getting prices on a more level playing field with Europe could also be a good idea.
Please name 5 luxury markets which boast the highest potential of growth in the mid-term?
China, South East Asia, Middle East.
What is your take on the mid-term performance of the mature markets? Europe, U.S. and Japan
I see the USA, Japan, and Europe – in this order of performance.
How do you see the perspectives of the development of India's luxury market in 2014? Many top luxury brands are not yet present.
Negligible at best. India is saddled with huge import duties. As long as those stay, the Indian market will count for nothing.
More from ANALYSIS
Where does the new logomania lead?
Logomania goes way back - there were logos as status symbols (Fendi, 1997), logos resembling sportswear brands (Fendi, 2018) logos …
The social media commerce opportunities for luxury brands
Social media has changed the way individuals interact with each other and gain information about the world, but some of the biggest …
Luxury business digest with expert analysis by Alessandro Maria Ferreri (March 2018)
How to deal with the big yet complicate business of fragrances: let's think outside the bottle! Ask any woman about fragrances …


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Javier Zanetti "rushed back" early from his summer vacation to help Inter in the Italian Super Cup.
The captain was on extended leave along with the others who took part in the Copa America last month.
However, both Zanetti and Brazilian goalkeeper Julio Cesar were recalled after injuries to Yuto Nagatomo and Emiliano Viviano.
"Here I am," smiled the Argentine veteran on Inter Channel as the team arrived in Beijing for Saturday's clash with Milan.
"As soon as I got the call, I rushed back. We already had our first training session and it went well, as I immediately felt in good shape.
"I hope to be ready straight away and at my best, as should be my teammates, for this very important Final."
Zanetti revealed the possibility of a short summer holiday was always on the cards.
"As soon as we were eliminated from the Copa America, we talked to Coach Gian Piero Gasperini and gave the all-clear should we be needed for Inter.
"He simply said it was better for us to rest after that tournament and face the intense season ahead without risks. We agreed.
"Obviously, when our return became necessary, the plans can change and we had no problem with that."
The captain also noted he was still keeping a close eye on the new team and tactician from afar.
"I tried to watch all the friendlies I could on television, obviously."
See the latest Serie A predictions and betting tips with Eurotips.co.uk


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Pianos, whether they are grand pianos, baby grand pianos or upright pianos, are played by means of a keyboard. They are one of the most popular instruments in the world,and are widely used in classical music for solo performances, ensemble use, chamber music, concertos with symphony orchestras, jazz and rock concerts and accompaniment for a variety of artists. The piano is also very popular as an aid to composing and rehearsal. Although not portable and often expensive, the grand piano's versatility has made it one of the world's most familiar and popular musical instruments.
The Mechanics – AKA Nuts and Bolts.
Striking a key causes a felt-covered hammer to strike steel strings. The hammer must strike the string, but not remain in contact with it because this would dampen the sound. The hammer must return to its rest position without bouncing violently, and it must be possible to repeat a note rapidly. The hammers rebound, allowing the strings to continue vibrating at their resonant frequency until the key is released, when a damper stops the string's vibration.
The Sound Board
The vibrations of the strings are transmitted through a bridge to the sound board that transmits the acoustic energy to the air. The sound would otherwise be no louder than that directly produced by the effect of the hammers on the strings. The sound board acts as a resonator or amplifier, and is usually made from spruce in better class pianos, and plywood in the economy models
Getting Heavy
All modern pianos, be they grand pianos, baby grand pianos, or upright pianos use a strong iron frame. Also called the "plate", the iron frame sits on top the soundboard, and serves as the primary bulwark against the force of string tension. The structural integrity of the iron frame allows the use of thicker, tenser, and more numerous strings. In a modern grand the total string tension can exceed 20 tons.
The Broken String Drama
I owned a huge Wertheim concert grand piano measuring nine feet two inches while in my early twenties, and had the very scary experience of practicing with the lid in the raised position one evening when one of the two bottom "E" strings snapped. It was like a shotgun blast, and fortunately it let go at the end nearest the keyboard – it took a chip out of the piano case, but worse still, it removed a patch of plaster from the wall about six inches diameter. Often wonder if I would have survived if the opposite end had snapped.
Range and Keys
The majority of modern pianos have 36 black keys and 52 white keys for a total of 88 keys (seven octaves plus a minor third ). Many older pianos only have 85 keys (seven octaves ), while some manufacturers extend the range further in one or both directions. Some Digital / Electronic pianos in the past had a shortened range of five to six octaves, which was very restrictive, but in recent times, just about every one is the full eighty eight notes range – thank goodness !
Extra Keys
Some Bösendorfer pianos have a full eight octave range. The extra keys are added primarily for increased resonance from the associated strings; that is, they vibrate sympathetically with other strings whenever the damper pedal is depressed and thus give a fuller tone. More recently, the Australian Stuart and Sons company has also manufactured extended-range pianos, with the first 102 key piano. On their instruments, the frequency range extends from C to F, which is the widest practical range for the acoustic piano.


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The app that helps kids learn through the shows they love
HarperCollins Children's Books have arrived on Hopster
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Available on all your devices
Literacy, numeracy, creativity, emotional intelligence – all our games are based on our curriculum and created with leading experts in child development.
Enjoy our exciting collection of rhymes and songs. Hopster's music introduces kids to different sounds and plays a big role in supporting young children's early development.
Help children to develop a lifelong love of books with Britain's best loved children's stories from HarperCollins. Including videos and audiobooks as well.
Then £3.99/month, cancel anytime
Everything on Hopster is carefully selected to tie in with Discovery Learning Map that we created along with leading experts in early years education
What parents say about us
We totally love hopster in our house. It's always the first thing she wants every morning and throughout the day she always tells us what she has learnt! I love the drawing section and music too! Perfect entertainment for long car journeys and an extra 10mins in bed. Great!!!!
Everytime my son opens this app I hear "wooow". He absolutely loves this app, he can watch some of his favourite shows wherever we are. Most of all he loves the games, they are educational and really fun to play together and it's great watching him learn!
We are half way through our trial with Hopster and can really recommend it. Unlike Netflix, which we trialled at the same time, you can totally relax knowing that your children are watching age appropriate programmes.


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Panera Breads Location Coming to Sunbury Ohio
Only steps away from where the Tanger / Simon Outlet Malls are slated to open in 2014, a Panera Bread is beginning to take shape in Sunbury, Ohio.
The newest location will be located off State Route 36/37 just west of the I-71 interchange and on the east-side of the White Castle Restaurant that is already operating at the location. The property, view on Google Maps here, is just north of the proposed outlet mall.
Panera Bread is famous for its higher-end soup, salad, sandwich trade along with offering a bakery and coffee. A nice blend fo foods that should do really nicely at this interchange that has basic fast food to your standard "classic" dinner fare — i.e. Bob Evans and Cracker Barrel — but nothing in between.


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Bayern Munich club president Uli Hoeness has revealed that the club had made several attempts at signing Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger.
As Arsenal prepares to take on German League leaders Bayern Munich in the 2nd leg of their Champions League clash on Wednesday, Arsene Wenger would hope that his team can restore some of pride they lost in the heavy defeat they suffered at home at the hands of the German giants in the 1st leg. The future is still uncertain for the Frenchman, who is yet to sign a new contract, but Uli Hoeness' recent statement has once again proved how much respect he has earned in Europe over the years.
Bayern Munich might have landed Pep Guardiola as their manager, but club president Uli Hoeness revealed that the German club have made several attempts at signing Arsene Wenger and how his name was always considered in every discussion for managerial candidates over the years. He also pointed out how loyal Wenger has been towards Arsenal – a virtue uncommon these days.
"We did try to get him at Bayern Munich a few times" Hoeness told The Sun. "Even before he went to Japan (in 1995), Franz Beckenbauer and I went to Nice and discussed with him and everything was clear, but then at the end of the day he decided to go to Japan.
"We were very surprised. From Japan he went to Arsenal and over the years, whenever we were looking for a new coach, Wenger was always one we considered.
"He's a very serious person, very strong and has a very good idea about the game.
"There have been a few moments where we have discussed his name over the years.
"He has always remained loyal to Arsenal which is fantastic behaviour. But it is true we wanted him at Bayern a few times." – Hoeness said ahead of Bayern's clash against Arsenal.
PSG President Nasser Al-Khelaifi revealed a similar story few months back, where he stated how they wanted to sign Wenger, but the Frenchman turned his back at the offer and remained at the club. The French club has been linked once again this season, but Wenger is a man who would leave on his own terms. Wenger has always stated that he review his own work at the end of the season before deciding on his future.
Although Arsenal's hope of a silverware has already vanished, the Gunners can yet snatch the all important Champions League qualification spot in the Premier League if the finish the season strongly. Reports suggest that Arsene Wenger is preparing to have a busy summer as he looks to resurrect the squad with quality new addition; Arsenal do have financial muscle to do so next season. This transfer window could be the most important one in Arsene Wenger's long career as he would look to build one more title winning squad before he leaves the club.


text:
Sorry... We've been quiet on Twitter and have not tweeted for a while.
We're a social enterprise in aid of Lincolnshire YMCA,
So we've got a good heart, but we also know a thing or two about business.
We think it's the perfect mix.
Corporate Id | Brochures | Posters | Websites | CD/DVD Artwork | Flyers | Illustration
Leaflets | Packaging | Annual Reports | Newsletters | Banners | Exhibition Artwork


text: Alternatives Unlimited, Inc.17.Mar 2016 Employee Not a place for professional growth 2.19 2.19 Suggestions for improvementThe environment is dirty and cluttered and cleaning it could help brighten the atmosphere. Also, compensation needs overhaul. Company Alternatives Unlimited, Inc. City Milford Are you a Current or Former Employee? Former job since 2014 Position Others Department Others


text:
Kaye Williams honored with maritime art show at City Lights
Published 12:29 pm, Thursday, July 12, 2012
Kaye Williams might very well be Bridgeport's modern-day P.T. Barnum.
One who considers him so is Suzanne Kachmar, the director of the nonprofit City Lights Gallery.
"After talking with Kaye (his given name) and going through his studio-office today, I realize he is our current-day Barnum -- in all the good sense of the term. He is a dreamer ... better than a dreamer ... a visionary. He is a doer and a hard worker. He has a lust for life. He brings people together."
In fact, he brings thousands together every summer at one of the region's grand success stories: Captain's Cove Seaport, which he opened in 1982 on land leased from the city of Bridgeport on historic Black Rock Harbor.
Williams' life has been entwined with the water -- particularly Long Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean -- so it seems only fitting that this Bridgeport legend would be honored with a maritime show, Kachmar said.
"We thought we would be remiss as a community-based gallery space in a city in Fairfield County, located on Long Island Sound, if we did not do an exhibit based on seascapes and other marine subject matter," she said. "But of course, we also thought we'd be remiss if the exhibit didn't find the Bridgeport connection to the sea and celebrate a local Bridgeport persona, whose entire life has been spent on the water: working, fishing, living, dreaming."
More InformationCity Lights Gallery, 37 Markle Court, Bridgeport. Gallery hours are Wednesday-Saturday 11:30 a.m. to 5 p.m.; and by appointment. 203-334-7748; http://www.citylightsgallery.org.
Williams' life "is a true Bridgeport success story, full of struggle, searching, hard work, conviction, dreams and individuality," she added.
The show is called "Waterworks," slated to run at the downtown gallery Thursday, July 19, through Wednesday, Aug. 22. Participating will be Williams and son Bruce Williams, Brec Morgan, Jay Misencik, Amy Arledge, Michelle Beaulieu, Calribel Correano, Steve Gerber, Kaz Oda, Abner Sodemba, Nina Bentley and several students from the Bridgeport Regional Aquaculture Science and Technology Center (which is next to Captain's Cove). Photographs, paintings, installations, sketches and Williams' memorabilia will be on view.
An opening public reception for Williams and participating artists will take place on opening day from 5:30 to 8:30 p.m.; it's free. The exhibit is sponsored by Captain's Cove and the Aquarion Water Co.
"What an honor -- I never expected anything like this," said the affable Williams, 83.
According to a recent one-page biography that was prepared for the exhibition, Williams grew up in a small cottage on Fayerweather Island and in the West End. He left school and started working at a young age, and at 19, he refurbished a schooner with a friend.
Then came the first big adventure of his life: They called the boat Bora Queen, and hoped to sail to Bora Bora, an island in the Leeward group of the Society Islands of French Polynesia.
Williams, his wife and infant son Bruce sailed south with a friend and his family until a hurricane off the Carolinas derailed their plans. When they finally got as far as Jacksonville, Fla., Williams was able to get a job in a boat yard. Eventually, he and his pal sailed the boat home to Bridgeport. (The wives and kids came home by train.) Williams then became an iron worker like his father. Then in 1968, he became a lobster fisherman.
Former Democratic Mayor John C. Mandanici (1975-81) was the first to call upon Williams to clean up the municipal marina on Black Rock Harbor, which was an eyesore with no working toilets, Williams recalled. After Mandanici left office, Republican Mayor Leonard S. Paoletta lent his support to expanding Williams' role in the harbor's renaissance.
Williams, who served as the ceremonial head (or ringmaster) of the Barnum Festival in 1991, also received community acclaim when he brought to Bridgeport the Tall Ship HMS Rose, a replica of an 18th-century Royal Navy frigate that cruised the American coast during the Revolutionary War. With the help of hundreds of volunteers, the ship was restored circa 1990 and subsequently represented Bridgeport and Captain's Cove as she sailed around the world for more than a dozen years. In 2003, the ship was sold to 20th Century Fox for the film "Master and Commander: Far Side of the World," starring Russell Crowe and directed by Peter Weir.
In the show will be a number of pieces that represent Williams' life and his entrepreneurial spirit.
Among the items will be sketches, by the late Ed Scott, of a number of Williams' ideas, some of which are a Colossus of Bridgeport in Bridgeport Harbor, a bridge over Long Island Sound; a "Bluepoint Landing" plan for Milford; and a "Crimbo Bay" marina plan for Stratford.
Also included will be ship models and other items that Williams handcrafted, including a coffee table made from a block (or pulley) from a large ship, and his own coffin, finished in an electric (or marine) blue with a nautical compass on its cover.
"I grew up in the Depression," Williams said laughing. "Anything laying around that you found, you put to good use -- so I've spent a lifetime working with my hands."
As for building his own coffin, Williams said he came upon the idea after visiting Cairo. In Egypt "years ago, I saw the (ornate) casket for (Pharaoh) Tutenkamun, and I thought that was pretty cool. Now when I die it will be easy for everybody."
Son Bruce, who loves to paint as an avocation, will have eight to 10 pastels in the show.
"To be in this show with my father -- I can't tell you what this means to us," Bruce said. "Who would have ever dreamed of this?"
City Lights Gallery, 37 Markle Court, Bridgeport. Gallery hours are Wednesday to Saturday 11:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. and by appointment. 203-334-7748; http://www.citylightsgallery.org.
firstname.lastname@example.com; 203-330-6284; http://twitter.com/PhyllisASBoros


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WILKES COUNTY, N.C.--- On October 21, 1866, Tom Dula was convicted of the murder of Laura Foster. It was at daybreak that the jury returned the verdict in the Iredell County Courthouse, where it had been moved from Wilkes County. The jury had not received their orders from the judge until about midnight the night before.
They deliberated during the night. The defense moved for an arrest of judgment, which was overruled and the judge pronounced sentence: that Thomas Dula be hanged by the neck until dead on November 9, 1866. Former Governor Zebulon B. Vance represented Dula pro bon.
READ: The Legend of Tom Dula
Speculation abounded as to Vance's reasons for taking the case, one of the few he ever lost before a jury. Regardless of his motives, he gave a spirited defense and succeeded in twice taking the case to the North Carolina Supreme Court.
READ: The Story of Tom Dooley
The crowds of spectators and reporters that appeared in the courtroom were as likely there to see the charismatic Vance as they were to hear the sensational testimony.
Ultimately, however, the High Court upheld the conviction and Dula was hanged for the crime in May 1868.
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Get the WFMY News 2 Weather and News App


text:
By Jake Donovan
As has become the norm these days, a simple Tweet from a celebrity developed into groundbreaking news.
For Miguel Cotto, the words he typed in two separate messages of 140 characters or less officially confirmed a homecoming for one the sport's premiere action fighters.
"I will be back in the ring on Oct(ober) 5th on HBO, with Top Rank and Freddie Roach in my corner," Cotto announced over the weekend. His ring return will take place somewhere in Florida – either Orlando or Miami – against an opponent to be determined. "With this in mind, I will continue to keep working hard for the best benefits of me, my family and my company (Promociones Miguel Cotto)."
The bout – which may or may not come against former 154 lb. title challenger Delvin Rodriguez - will serve as a prelude to HBO's first pay-per-event of 2013, which comes the following weekend when Tim Bradley faces Juan Manuel Marquez in Las Vegas.
Cotto's decision to turn to Roach is the lone new bit of business in the aforementioned tweet. The other two-thirds of the message meant a reunion with two entities who played a large part in transforming the Puerto Rican from a promising prospect fresh out of the 2000 Summer Olympics into a formidable superstar.
The decade or so since Cotto's first appearance on HBO in 2003 have watched the former three-division champ develop into arguably the biggest draw in the North American boxing scene outside of Floyd Mayweather Jr. and Manny Pacquiao.
But that's not why he's back where he began. Or at least not the entire reason.
"Miguel still has a lot to contribute to the sport," insists Todd duBoef, President of Top Rank and a key factor in bringing the widely popular Puerto Rican back to his company's stable, if only for one fight at a time. "He's one of the biggest names in the sport. He entertains at the highest level of the sport. He lost to a difficult style in (Mayweather) and then to (Austin) Trout.
"He did what he had to do to make those fights. I see a lot of opportunities for him for as long as he wants to fight. I think the fans have a few more years to enjoy him."
There were no hard feelings when Cotto decided to move on from Top Rank heading into 2012. The move came on the heels of his Dec. '11 revenge-fueled rematch win over Antonio Margarito, the first man to defeat him though the circumstances under which the fight took place remain suspect, though suggestion of any wrongdoing remains speculative.
Cotto believes to this day that Margarito entered their July '08 encounter with illegal hand wraps, similar to what was discovered prior to the Mexican's eventual knockout loss to Shane Mosley in his very next fight. That belief became an integral part of the buildup to the rematch, a stance that promoter Bob Arum wasn't willing to publicly support.
That a promoter would remain neutral is understandable, but was no secret that it didn't sit well with Cotto. His rematch with Margarito came at a time when a decision was still up in the air as to whether or not he would return to Top Rank. Proof that his eventual decision wasn't personal was found in the form of said scenario remaining on the table in 2012, until Cotto decided to move on purely for business reasons.
"Miguel and I have always had and continue to enjoy a really good relationship," duBoef states. "I understood the move to secure the Mayweather fight. It was a civil situation."
Cotto decided to go about securing a Mayweather fight on his own, given the frigid situation between the sport's top fighter and Top Rank, for whom the unbeaten pound-for-pound king used to fight before severing all ties for good in 2006.
Even in the seven years since moving on from Top Rank, Mayweather still speaks highly of duBoef. The same can clearly be said of the Top Rank prez and Cotto.
"It's never an all-or-nothing scenario with me," duBoef insists, one of the few in the industry able to separate business and pleasure. "I have a great deal of pride in the product we created in Miguel. He did what he had to do to make the Mayweather fight happen. We were both responsible for the lack of communication after that."
The loss to Mayweather was Cotto's last affiliated fight with HBO. Cotto spent the rest of his 2012 campaign continuing to work with Golden Boy Promotions, with whom his own promotional company has enjoyed a working relationship on the regional level.
That relationship parlayed into a one-fight return to Showtime, delivering strong ratings though in a losing effort to Trout, his first ever loss at Madison Square Garden after seven straight wins in the world's most famous arena.
The event didn't carry the same feel as Cotto's previous appearances at the venue, leaving the boxing superstar to seriously ponder his future. Eventually came the decision to return to his roots.
Cotto has enjoyed 18 fights on HBO - along with several more pay-per-view undercard showcases - dating back to his 4th round knockout of Joel Perez way back in April '03. October will mark his 19th appearance on HBO, though his first with Roach and also his first in Florida, where he normally sets up training camp. This time, the opposite will prove true as he heads West to hook up with Roach before returning to the Sunshine State only long enough for the fight and its accompanying promotions.
"Florida as a whole has a huge Caribbean influence, especially in Miami and Orlando, which boasts the largest Puerto Rican population anywhere in the United States outside of New York," duBoef points out, when asked why there and not New York, where most of his career has taken place when not spent at home in Puerto Rico. "Aside from the fact that the New York venues we were looking at aren't available for that time, we feel that we can put together something big in Florida for this event."
All it took was for two old friends to catch up.
"It was a refreshing moment for both of us," duBoef recalls of when he and Cotto were able to meet following the fighter's temporary – albeit amicable – split with Top Rank. "We had a long conversation. I just wanted to be at peace, regardless of what happened.
"Now we can finish together. I love every time Miguel fights. Boxing fans are engaged when he's in the ring. I'm glad we are going down this road together. It's good to know that relationships prevail."
For HBO, Top Rank and for boxing fans, it also means that a hero gets to return home.
Jake Donovan is the Managing Editor of Boxingscene.com, as well as the Records Keeper for the Transnational Boxing Ratings Board and a member of Boxing Writers Association of America.
Twitter: @JakeNDaBox


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Here are the results of last week's poll.
- His Girl Friday (1940)
- Ace in the Hole (1951)
- Absence of Malice (1981)
- Libeled Lady (1936)
- Teacher's Pet (1958)
His Girl Friday wins and goes into my queue.
Here's the deal: every week, I will be calling for suggestions of films to be added to my Netflix queue. Each person makes one suggestion and one alternate (in case I have seen one of your suggestions). The next week, when I call for new suggestions, we begin a one-week voting period to select the film to be placed immediately into my Netflix queue to be reviewed the weekend after (because I'll already have my Netflix queue selections for the coming weekend). Then, you'll find out what I thought in my weekly Morning After feature on Monday morning.
Sometimes a genre gets stuck in the rotation and it makes for a rough viewing schedule. Starting this week, I'm going to be asking for suggestions that fit a specific genre so each week can be a bit spicy. The genre or event listed each week will be posted at the end of this post.
To help decide what to pick, here is a list of what I've seen (or at least that I have personally logged).
Full List of Films I've Seen (updated through 3/10/11; a small number of titles may be missing still)
Here's what you need to post today (and through next Wednesday):
- Below, please provide your suggestions to add to my Netflix queue.
- Next, please rate each of the following entries in order of preference. Item 1 will be most preferred, 2 next most preferred and so forth.
- The Game (1997)
- The Haunting (1963)
- The Other (1972)
- Session 9
- The Thing (1982)
This Week's Category: Now for the other side of the coin: Horror films. Films that are horrific without necessarily being scary.


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TSN and Pub/Sub
Until now, OPC UA has had its limitations when it comes to complex processes with real-time requirements. This is why the OPC Foundation is working on two extensions that aim to give the OPC UA communication standard real-time capability: The first is a publish-subscribe model; the other is utilization of the IEEE 802.1 standard for time-sensitive networking (TSN).
Publish-subscribe model
Until now, OPC UA has used a client/server mechanism, where a client requests information and receives a response from a server. This system has its limitations in cases when there are many nodes on the network. The publish-subscribe model, in contrast, enables one-to-many and many-to-many communication. A server sends its data to the network (publish) and every client can receive this data (subscribe).
Real-time capability for standard Ethernet
The publish-subscribe model alone is insufficient for achieving OPC UA real-time capability. That's why the OPC Foundation is also implementing Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN). TSN is an extension of the IEEE 802 Ethernet standard to include various real-time functions. An exact timeframe in which data is transferred can also be specified.
Automotive industry is driving TSN development
With the automotive industry driving development of TSN, the required semiconductor components will be available very quickly and relatively inexpensively. The automotive industry would also like to handle all control tasks and applications that require functional safety over Ethernet. For this to be possible, they will need cycle times in the real-time range and deterministic network behavior.
Additional information concerning TSN can be found in this technical report about OPC UA TSN.
In the following interview Dr. Richard Soley, executive director of the Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC), and Sebastian Sachse, open automation technology manager at B&R, discuss the role of development testbeds and whether the IIC stands in competition with initiatives such as Industry 4.0.


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tower, red, light, white, sea, column, crimson
white and red light tower across the sea


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|Property type
Suite 4224 is a modern fully self contained 2 bedroom suite situated at on the southern side of Kingscliff. The resort is positioned right on the beach which has permanent paid lifeguards manning the swim zone. The small village style area south of Kingscliff also has a trendy restaurant strip with well known restaurants such as Fins, right at your feet. Other retails outlets are also available for convenience such as a small supermarket, beautician, ice cream parlour, hair salon and cafe's too. So if you don't really want to hire a car then you can actually get away with it. We would recommend to you though that hiring a car for some period is essential to the full enjoyment of our region. Day trips to Byron, Mt Tambourine or the Theme Parks are at the most, 45 mins away.
This Resort features a spa and large lagoon pool great for kids as it has a steady gradient. There's tennis courts, a large gym and pushbikes to hire too if you feel like peddling in to Kingscliff along our boardwalk. There's views of the stunning coastline and open parklands with a huge childrens playground and BBQ picnic areas too.
This apartment also has for your convenience DVD players, CD player and IPod Docking Station. The apartment is larger than a standard Dual Key apartment as it is one of the few prestigious Ocean front Club suites. From the balcony you can watch the whales go by and also see the main lagoon pool and across to the Salt Bar and Restaurant which is far enough away not to cause any problems with noise. It is on the northern side of the building wing so you manage to get sun on your balcony for most of the day.
Just relax, perhaps with a chilled champagne, on the balcony of this apartment which provides a relaxed, casual atmosphere well suited to a beachside holiday. Beautiful bedding and linen is provided (this owner has added a personal touch with the soft furnishings) though Beach towels not included but are available for hire through us or at the resort. The apartment is fully self contained and when you come to collect the keys from our office in Kingscliff 2pm EST we supply you with a complimentary starter pack just to help you settle in on arrival. Personal items such as soaps, laundry detergent and so on are your responsibility. Keys are returned to our office. Check out 10am EST.
Sorry but you are unable to charge back to your room which of course can be considered a benefit as you won't be tempted to overspend. The rooms are not serviced on a daily basis though if you require this, it can be arranged.
This resort's smaller tropical pool located outside wings 5 & 7 is heated and has a heated spa as well. The main lagoon pool is not heated. Go ahead and spoil yourself. The price is very reasonable! A 5th person using the sofa bed is a small extra charge.
LJ Hooker Kingscliff manage several resort rooms in all 3 resorts in our beautiful area just South of Kingscliff. We are proud to state that we are not affiliated with official onsite letting agents for the resort. Booking through a local real estate with local knowledge and personal service plus extremely competitive rates is definately the choice you should make. No more standing in long queues at reception desks and wishing you chose the other line as its moving faster!  All of our local staff and trades live locally and if there is ever a problem we are just a phonecall away and time of the day.
Parking is both underground and outside uncovered but its first in first served.
Just 15 minutes drive from the Gold Coast and 30 minutes from Byron Bay, the seaside village of Kingscliff is known for its expanse of uncrowded beaches and rewarding fishing. Perfectly located to explore the Tweed River Valley and bordering hinterland.


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What is included with this book?
|p. vii
|Resurrection: Queen Nefertari
|p. 3
|Mystic Vision: Idols of the Cyclades
|p. 11
|The Race: Charioteer of Delphi
|p. 15
|Roof of Air: Porch of the Maidens
|p. 21
|God's Snare: Laocoön
|p. 27
|Sky of Gold: Saint John Chrysostom
|p. 33
|Living Letters: The Book of Kells
|p. 39
|Solitary Watcher: Donatello, Mary Magdalene
|p. 43
|Island of Love: Titian, Venus with a Mirror
|p. 49
|Lord of the Sea: Agnolo Bronzino, Portrait of Andrea Doria as Neptune
|p. 53
|Blaze of Glory: Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Chair of Saint Peter
|p. 59
|Satin Knights: Anthony Van Dyck, Lord John Stuart and his Brother, Lord Bernard Stuart
|p. 67
|Swirling Line: The French Rococo
|p. 73
|Martyr of the Revolution: Jacques-Louis David, The Death of Marat
|p. 79
|Arctic Ruin: Caspar David Friedrich, The Sea of Ice
|p. 85
|City in Motion: Édouard Manet, At the Café
|p. 91
|Melting Color: Claude Monet, Irises
|p. 97
|Heaven and Hell: Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
|p. 103
|Heart of Stone: George Grosz, Life Makes You Happy!
|p. 109
|Dance of the Mind: Tamara de Lempicka, Portrait of Doctor Boucard
|p. 115
|Luncheon in the Twilight Zone: René Magritte, The Portrait
|p. 121
|Romance of the Grid: Piet Mondrian, Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow
|p. 127
|Elegance at Ease: John Wesley Hardrick, Xenia Goodloe
|p. 133
|Shooting Stars: Jackson Pollock, Green Silver
|p. 139
|Sun and Rain: Andy Warhol, Marilyn Diptych
|p. 147
|On the Road: Eleanor Antin, 100 Boots
|p. 155
|Electric: Walter De Maria, The Lightning Field
|p. 165
|Blue Dawn: Renée Cox, Chillin' with Liberty
|p. 173
|Red River: George Lucas, Revenge of the Sith
|p. 181
|p. 191
|p. 193
|Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.
From Chapter 1
Queen Nefertari
Ghosts carved out of time. Egyptian art is a vast ruin of messages from the dead. Clean and simple in form, Egyptian painted figures float in an abstract space that is neither here nor there. The background is coolly blank. Everything is flattened into the foreground, an eternal present where serenely smiling pharaohs offer incense and spools of flax to the gods or drive their chariot wheels over fallen foes. Hieroglyphics hang in midair, clusters of sharp pictograms of a rope, reed, bun, viper, owl, human leg, or mystic eye.
Resurrection was the master value of a civilization that dreamed of conquering the terrors of death. At the heart of Egyptian religion was a corpse—the mummy of the great god Osiris, swaddled in linen strips. Osiris was murdered and dismembered by his evil brother, Set, who scattered his fourteen body parts throughout Egypt. Isis, Osiris's sister and devoted wife, collected and reassembled them—except for the missing penis, which she fabricated in wood or clay. As Osiris's embalmer and enhancer, therefore, Isis acted as a resourceful proto-artist, assembling materials and molding a work of mummiform sculpture that would be reproduced in Egyptian art and cult for three thousand years.
Passage to the afterlife meant a descent to the underworld. Souls hoping for rebirth invoked Osiris and literally became him. Despite its preoccupation with death, Egyptian art is rarely claustrophobic. The beyond was no spectral twilight but a lively zone of physical needs and pleasures. Warehousing stools, chairs, tables, chests, clothing, perfumes, ointments, jewelry, games, daggers, boomerangs, chariots, and jars of extracted viscera, the tomb was a distillation of real life. The urbane aristocrats promenading across the walls are wide-eyed and cheerful as they face the great unknown. Their majestically enthroned guardian gods often seem faintly comic, with the large heads of birds, beetles, or hippopotamuses, vestiges of primitive animism.
Resurrection also symbolizes our modern recovery of Egypt. For a millennium after the fall of Rome, Egypt was wrapped in a haze of occult legend. After Islam's arrival, it became a closed world whose pagan remains were ignored and neglected. Napoleon's 1798 invasion helped start Egyptology: a French officer's discovery of the Rosetta Stone led to the decipherment of hieroglyphics, while the immense, multivolumed report by Napoleon's team of surveyors and scientists set off a craze for Egyptian style that swept European architecture and decor and would even produce America's Washington Monument. Over the next century, thanks to photography, knowledge of Egypt was gradually spread throughout the world. The ancient Egyptians have finally achieved their immortality.
From earliest times through the Middle Kingdom, the rulers of Egypt were buried in sprawling necropolises at the desert's edge near the Delta, as the Nile fans out -toward the sea. The principal sacred districts were at Saqqara and Giza, where the Great Sphinx, hacked out of bedrock, still guards Chephren's mammoth pyramid. After a devastating Syrian invasion, the capital of Egypt was moved four hundred miles south to Thebes. There the upstart warrior pharaohs of the New Kingdom created their own cemetery facing toward the setting sun across the Nile—the Valley of the Kings, scarcely more than a dry gulch behind the high, horned escarpment of the Libyan Plateau. Pyramids or telltale markers of any kind were prudently avoided. The coffins were buried deep in the rock and the entryways heaped with rubble. Nevertheless, most tombs in the Valley of the Kings were looted within two centuries. One that escaped detection belonged to a minor king, Tutankhamen, who died young. When his tomb was found and opened in 1922, the staggering treasures, such as his solid-gold mummy case, gave tantalizing hints of what the grave goods of a star pharaoh must have been.
Royal wives and children were buried in the nearby Valley of the Queens, where eighty tombs (called "Houses of Eternity") have been found. The most lavish one belonged to Nefertari, first and favorite wife of the imperialistic Rameses II, who sired at least forty-five sons from eight wives and who ruled for more than sixty years during the thirteenth century B.C.. Nefertari's unusual status was signaled by her figure being made the same size as the king's at her shrine at Abu Simbel, where four seated colossi of Rameses were cut from a Nubian cliff on the Nile. Nefertari (her name means "the Most Beautiful of Them All") was of noble but not royal blood. She may have been a cousin or even a younger sister of Nefertiti, charismatic queen of the rebel monotheist ruler Akhenaten. Nefertari bore Rameses's firstborn son, who died tragically young, perhaps inspiring the story in Exodus of God's curse upon Pharaoh. (In Cecil B. DeMille's epic movieThe Ten Commandments, Anne Baxter plays a seductive Nefretiri to Yul Brynner's arrogant Rameses.) Nefertari had at least five more children, but the robust Rameses (whose -well--preserved mummy survives in the Cairo Museum) outlived them all. Hence his successor, Merneptah, was the son of a lesser, rival queen.
Nefertari's tomb was discovered in 1904 by Ernesto Schiaparelli, an Italian scholar and museum director. Sunk forty feet into the bedrock, it has a twofold axis aligned to the compass points and consists of two large ceremonial chambers, annexed by side chapels and niches and connected by a staircase. All that remains of the queen's pink granite sarcophagus is a smashed lid. The tomb's ceilings were painted midnight blue and spangled with gold stars to represent the heavens, while the walls and square columns were adorned with religious scenes and symbols. The raw limestone surfaces were first coated with a rough plaster of Nile mud, which was sculpted in low relief. A thin layer of fine plaster was then applied, upon which the designs were painted in tempera—always mineral pigments mixed with an unknown binder, perhaps a gum from the acacia trees of Thebes. A sparkling egg glaze was used as a sealant. Nefertari's tomb would suffer damage from an earthquake and serious deterioration from rock-salt crystals slowly deposited behind the plaster by seeping rainwater. Thanks to a major rescue project by the Getty Conservation Institute in collaboration with the Egyptian Antiquities Organization (1986–92), the tomb has been repaired, stabilized, and reopened to the public. The conservators' meticulous cleaning and consolidation (with no new paint whatever) have revealed the murals' still brilliant color.
The paintings are a narrative of Nefertari's journey toward the afterlife. She is presented as a pilgrim soul seeking justification and resurrection. There are oddly few references in the tomb to her husband and none to her children or life story. Everything is focused on Nefertari's spiritual quest. Respectful yet confident of her worthiness, she is a plucky, solitary wayfarer confronting the awesome powers and mysteries of the cosmos. Demons wait to pounce at each of five gates (out of a traditional twelve) leading to Duat, the netherworld. But Nefertari knows the sacred formulas, passes her test, and wins resurrection, proved by her being repeatedly called "the Osiris."


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Sensors 2013, 13(12), 16474-16493; doi:10.3390/s131216474
A Region Tracking-Based Vehicle Detection Algorithm in Nighttime Traffic Scenes
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Suzhou INVO Automotive Electronics Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215200, China
Xi'an Institute of High-Tech, Xi'an 710025, China
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 3 October 2013 / Revised: 18 November 2013 / Accepted: 25 November 2013 / Published: 2 December 2013
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
View Full-Text | Download PDF [695 KB, uploaded 21 June 2014] |
AbstractThe preceding vehicles detection technique in nighttime traffic scenes is an important part of the advanced driver assistance system (ADAS). This paper proposes a region tracking-based vehicle detection algorithm via the image processing technique. First, the brightness of the taillights during nighttime is used as the typical feature, and we use the existing global detection algorithm to detect and pair the taillights. When the vehicle is detected, a time series analysis model is introduced to predict vehicle positions and the possible region (PR) of the vehicle in the next frame. Then, the vehicle is only detected in the PR. This could reduce the detection time and avoid the false pairing between the bright spots in the PR and the bright spots out of the PR. Additionally, we present a thresholds updating method to make the thresholds adaptive. Finally, experimental studies are provided to demonstrate the application and substantiate the superiority of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm can simultaneously reduce both the false negative detection rate and the false positive detection rate. View Full-Text
Keywords: advanced driver assistance system; nighttime vehicle detection; vehicle taillights; pairing; tracking; time-series analysis model; adaptive thresholds►▼ Figures
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0).
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Share & Cite This Article
MDPI and ACS Style
Wang, J.; Sun, X.; Guo, J. A Region Tracking-Based Vehicle Detection Algorithm in Nighttime Traffic Scenes. Sensors 2013, 13, 16474-16493.
AMA Style
Wang J, Sun X, Guo J. A Region Tracking-Based Vehicle Detection Algorithm in Nighttime Traffic Scenes. Sensors. 2013; 13(12):16474-16493.Chicago/Turabian Style
Wang, Jianqiang; Sun, Xiaoyan; Guo, Junbin. 2013. "A Region Tracking-Based Vehicle Detection Algorithm in Nighttime Traffic Scenes." Sensors 13, no. 12: 16474-16493.
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