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Take a look at the below list of Top 10 Best Selling Gaming Accessories And Consoles in The Market 2017. All work and no play makes jack a dull boy is a saying that is normally on the mouths of many. This makes it justifiable when many people take time to play virtual games on the comfort of their seats or by standing in front of the screens. Most people prefer to play in the play stations or on the computers and others choose the x box for their gaming purposes. The above mentioned are some of the accessories that may keep one glued to their screens all day in order for them to relieve the stress they might be having. Here is a list of the top 10 gaming accessories and the consoles that have sold the best in the year 2017.
List of Top 10 Best Selling Gaming Accessories And Consoles in The Market 2017
10. PlayStation Gold Wireless Headset
Generally when playing the play station most of the times people tend to use the sound from external media e.g. surround systems or the TV itself but in other instances, the user may want to hear it more clearly and in a secretive manner. In this instances, the user may be required to use headsets. The headsets described here are used in the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4 consoles. The sound quality from the headsets is quite quality at all times.
9. High speed HDMI cables
In order for the games to work, there has to be a display where the game pictures are shown to the user or the person playing the game. The connection is done by using a cable that is commonly known as HDMI cable. The said cable has both sides similar and is connected to the game console and the TV.
8. DualShock 4 Wireless Controller for PlayStation 4
Generally for those that prefer to game using the ps4, you must have a controller so that you may be able to play any game from the PS machine. This may be as a result of the other controller being faulty or the other controller being too old. This means that you have to buy a new controller and also to plug it in so that you may be able to play. The new controller will always have quick and fast responses after being pressed. The controller has additional features such as the sharing button to upload media.
7. Nintendo 3DS/3DS XL/2DS AC Adapter
The gaming console called Nintendo is one that is generally very popular in most of the Asian countries. The adapter in mind will have to be plugged in so that it will always be in use for the person using it. The adapter ensures that the console is powered using 120 volts from any outlet that is situated in the house. The adapter in mind is quite light to carry as well as it is small in size. This makes it quite efficient especially after it has been charged. The adapter in mind has a multiple number of systems where it may be useful.
6. Amazon Fire TV
The system above was first introduced to the market as a platform that was only for television and movie purposes. The above functionalities are facilitated by using a card that is input to the decoder and the use of a remote control where the channels at hand will be changed at all times. To advance the system above, the service providers added the functionality for games to gain a bigger market. The games come in pairs and the owner of the decoder gets a game controller and a storage media after they have upgraded their systems to the required level by the network. This is one among the Top 10 Best Selling Gaming Accessories And Consoles in The Market 2017.
5. Microsoft Xbox 360 Pro Set
This is one of the major game consoles that are there in the current market. The game console was brought to the market before the Xbox one was debuted and prides itself since it hold on tight to most of the qualities that we have grown to love about the Xbox from Microsoft. The game console has some of the best graphics known to any console and can be used to play DVDs at any time. The console is unique to all others as it comes with headphones that is not common to all others.
4. Sony PlayStation Vita
Most of the times when you are on the road, there is the need to keep your mind busy so as to avoid boredom during the journey. Sony took this as a business opportunity and have brought a portable console that you can take on the go. The console though small in size, has some very high graphics for playing games that require streaming or just some of the inbuilt apps and games. The vita can also be used as a television on the go.
3. Nintendo 3DS
Since the release of the console in mind, it has received a huge following all around the world and has a huge fan base. The best attributes that this console has is that on top of the 2 dimension games that it plays, the game is able to handle the 3 dimensional games. The game offers the user the ability to access the internet and record a wide variety of videos or sounds for the purpose of fun to the owner.
2. Microsoft Xbox One
This is currently the latest edition of the consoles that is latest in the market from Microsoft. The said console offers the user the ability to have the best HD experience of his/her life time. On top of this, the user can be able to play a wide variety of games that are in built or even stream videos online. The internal memory that is provide by the console may be used to save games or any other media for further use.
1. Sony PlayStation 4
This is currently one of the bestselling and most loved consoles by many around the world. The said console has some of the best graphics in the market, games that can be played online and surfing and streaming of the videos from the online platform. With this console at hand, the owner may not be able to get bored at any time.
These are the Top 10 Best Selling Gaming Accessories And Consoles in The Market 2017. Taking all the above in consideration, the deeper your pocket the more comfortable and happy you are going to be as the consoles and games have a huge price tag labelled to them.


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We should make a methodological distinction between techniques to make the search space as small as possible on the one hand, and techniques to search through the search space as efficiently as possible. The proposed algorithm focuses on ways to make the search space as small as possible. Using tabular methods to assert previous results, in order to prevent double work, constitutes a different dimension along which we should judge parsing algorithms. Techniques to search a given search space can then be `applied' to a given proof procedure. In the current setting is possible by the introduction of memo-relations. A similar point of view is defended by [54], in the context of LR-parsers.
In the section on memo-relations in chapter 3 I presented a Prolog implementation of so-called `memo-relations' (this name is inspired by the concept of `memo-functions' in functional programming languages). The proposed technique to re-use previously established computation results can be applied for the head-driven parser for TAGs as well. In the (small) example grammars I have tested the parser with, this technique did not seem to be practically useful.
For the head-driven parser this technique may not be as useful for the following reason. We might expect that some given noun phrase occurring in the input string will be parsed only once for a given NP goal. In fact however, this noun phrase will be parsed several times for that goal because the input bag of words may be different each time.
For example, if the sentence to be parsed is ``the man left yesterday'', the memo'ed relation does make a distinction between the goal np,[s(0),s(0),s(0),0] (for ``the man left'') and the goal np, [s(0),s(0),s(0),s(0)] (for ``the man left yesterday''). This clearly is correct, but less efficient as we might have expected at first.
A possible way to improve upon this, is the following. Each time a result has been found we may generalize this result before the result is asserted in the data-base. For example, if we have shown an np with [s(0),s(0),s(0),s(0)] - [0,0,s(0),s(0)] we may generalize this result as the result with [s(W),s(X),Y,Z]-[W,X,Y,Z]. The problem with this is that our assumption, that no left-recursion arises, is problematic. That is, we cannot be sure anymore that no duplicate solutions are asserted in the data-base. Of course, it is possible to check before each assertion whether such a result already exists. However, in that case we need to do subsumption checking on the results of the parser, rather than on the goals. This implies much more overhead than before.

subset: commoncrawl


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December 2000
Released: 2000, Neurot Recordings
Rating: 2.5/5
Reviewer: Nathan Robinson
I never thought I'd be actually listening to an entire Neurosis disc. These guys have been around for years, and every once in a while I come across a track of theirs, listen, and reaffirm the fact that I don't like them. I really can't even remember what their older material sounds like. But this new miniCD is pretty strange to say the least. Only four songs appear on Sovereign, yet the disc clocks in at almost 33 minutes. Long songs…damn long songs strengthen and prolong the agonizing, ambient, and extremely melancholic atmosphere that Neurosis presents. This disc is fucking heavy, being a combination of dense, detuned, sludgy, drowning-in-a-tar-pit guitars and passages of sheer emotional intensity free of guitars. A deeply loud bass guitar, noise, percussion, and straining, tortured vocals are woven throughout to add to the weight of this CD. At times, I am reminded of the band's other project Tribes of Neurot, which I actually do remember. And this disc has a great sound to it. But there's really not much going on in the songs to warrant their lengths. No, Neurosis just sticks to a few different elements in each song, stretching them until you feel a need to hit the forward-track button. I do think that what this band does is unique, original, intense, and even worthy of praise if you're into this kind of dark, frightening melancholy. But I'm not.
Sovereign is an enhanced disc featuring some strange and pointless graphics and video images that would be entertaining if made into a video for a song, but I can't see anyone wanting to view this stuff more than once. And by linking to the band's web site (neurosis.com) through this enhanced portion, you can have access to download four exclusive tracks. Neurot Recordings' site can be found here: http://www.neurotrecordings.com
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Recent IAWJ Travels' by Anne Goldstein, IAWJ Human Rights Education Director
The IAWJ has been working, as a partner in the International Legal Assistance Consortium (ILAC), on a multi-year project in the Middle East North Africa Region. So far, this program has taken IAWJ staff to Tunisia on a half dozen occasions. Tunisia is a country blessed not only with talented women judges, but also with spectacular beauty and fascinating history. These latter gifts have enabled the country to build an enviable reputation as a tourist destination for sun-starved northern Europeans, and to a lesser extent, for intrepid history-enthusiast Americans. That reputation took a hit last March 18th, when terrorists struck at the Bardo Museum, a national treasury of antique mosaics and other artwork.


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Dinaric Karst Aquifer System Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis
December 2013. The Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) described in this summary was conducted in the framework of a project 'Protection and Sustainable Use of the Dinaric Karst Transboundary Aquifer System (DIKTAS). The DIKTAS project is a regional project that is aimed improving the management of karst groundwaters contained in the Dinaric Karst and shared by several countries in South-Eastern Europe. The TDA was conducted in the period 2011-2013 by the DIKTAS Project Team in accordance with the GEF guidelines provided in the TDA/SAP Training manual. The TDA is based on a substantial regional analysis that is required in order to fully understand the context of transboundary issues. The regional analysis was particularly important given the complexity of the karst environment and regime and the interconnectivity of karst aquifers. The regional analysis also enabled a delineation of transboundary aquifers (TBAs) shared by the project countries. The Project Team was organised in four working groups, reflecting the main issues of the regional analysis: a hydrogeological characterization; an environmental and socio-economical assessment; an assessment of the legal and institutional frameworks and policies; and a regional stakeholder analysis.
3690: Protection and Sustainable Use of the Dinaric Karst Aquifer System
07 Oct 2014 by iwlearn
Dinaric Karst Aquifer System Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis.pdf
Aquifer (42)
Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (54)
Freshwater (16)
Pollution (76)


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Principal →
An analysis of partial 28S ribosomal RNA sequences suggests early radiations of sponges
You can write a book review and share your experiences. Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books you've read. Whether you've loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are right for them.


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He might be right about this, but would you really?
We got a press release today about an Indiegogo fundraising campaign for VIEVU² "a hands free, ruggedized, and waterproof" body wearable video camera that "streams and stores real time video to your iPhone (no need for a cable), Android, or to a WIFI network."
The company behind the camera was started by Steve Ward, a 13-year veteran of the Seattle Police Department.
"At VIEVU," said Ward in the company's press release, "our sole focus is to make the best body worn video cameras on the market. Our six years have led us to learn something important; there are others out there that need the same technology of body worn cameras in their jobs and daily activities to offset liability in their life."
Such as where you work:
Today's workplace, similar to law enforcement, requires factual accuracy in documenting the workday. The use of BWV technology provides the best solution to thwart erroneous claims, make informed decisions, and most importantly reduce your risk that protects your business.
Should everything we see be recorded?
Of course these potentially surreptitious recording devices have been around a long time and it really wasn't until Google Glass that suddenly everyone got to thinking about their privacy … what with glasses that could record you and upload what you are doing to the world!
Google Glass, in case you missed it, "is a camera, display, touchpad, battery and microphone built into spectacle frames so that you can perch a display in your field of vision, film, take pictures, search and translate on the go," said a great exploration of the device on Techradar.
"Third parties are also already developing some rather cool/scary apps for Google Glass – including one that allows you to identify your friends in a crowd, and another that allows you to dictate an email," Techradar wrote.
In fact, using Google Glass to potentially record everything got privacy buffs so freaked out that in March, before the glasses were even available, one Seattle bar declared butt-kickings would ensue if anyone showed up with them on.
"The 5 Point appeals to a wide variety of people," 5 Point owner Dave Meinert told MyNorthwest.com. "Some of the tech geeks come here, we're close by Amazon […] It's OK if you wear them. I just don't want them worn inside."
His main reason for the ban has to do with preserving patrons' privacy.
"You have to understand the culture of The 5 Point which is a sometimes seedy, maybe notorious place and I think people want to go there and be not known," says Meinert, who says patrons of The 5 Point certainly don't want to be secretly videotaped.
But, the cat's already out of the bag … in fact, there is no bag
In May, Slate wrote that Google Glass wasn't the privacy nightmare it was being made out to be, only because there are real privacy nightmares out there. Slate wrote in its article "Overt Ops: Why Google Glass is the world's worst surveillance device."
Imagine a surveillance device that you could wear on your body all day without anyone being the wiser. Suppose it could record audio and video and snap photographs instantly and silently, storing the data in a tiny embedded memory chip. Out on the street, in the subway, at a bar or cafe, people would never know whether the stranger next to them was secretly recording their every move.
Privacy nightmare, right?
In fact, the device already exists. It's called "Baseball Cap With Hidden Spy Camera and Recorder," and it's on sale for $199.95 at the online U-Spy Store. Not into the ball-cap look? Try slipping the "Pen Hidden Spy Camera With Motion Activated Recording" into your breast pocket. No breast pocket? No problem. You can capture the video on these surprisingly stylish "Glasses With Hidden Spy Camera and Recorder" and pick up the audio on that high-tech surveillance device that you're already carrying around in your pocket or purse: your smartphone.
Okay, but in your office?
"We have had HR representatives tell us they don't have a meeting with an employee without one of our cameras. Whether it is a hiring, a firing, or just a simple employee performance evaluation. It is the video that protects them from a false complaint later. And besides, everyone behaves better when they are on video – it's psychologically proven," VIEVU says on its Indigogo page.
And just recently when AOL chief executive Tim Armstrong fired Patch creative director Abel Lenz for taking a picture during the CEO's speech on dramatically downsizing the Patch news network … someone recorded it.
All of the talk was about the firing and the camera and … but what about the person who secretly recorded the meeting and then secretly sent it to a news industry blog, where it was published and went viral?
Okay – two other polls:
Jake Ellison can be reached at 206-448-8334 or email@example.com. Follow Jake on Twitter at twitter.com/Jake_News. Also, swing by and *LIKE* us on Facebook.


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(Express-News File Photo)
Felipe Martinez, who worked with Cesar Chavez in the early days of the United Farm Workers, joins thousands of people in the Cesar E. Chavez March for Justice last year.
On Saturday, thousands of people will descend on Alamo Plaza.
At 1 p.m. the 13th annual Cesar E. Chavez March for Justice will start on the West Side and end at the Alamo, where Arturo Rodriguez, president of the United Farm Workers of America, will talk about immigration issues.
Same time, same location, the monthly Houston Street Fair & Market will be in full stride. The fair and market takes place noon-6 p.m. Saturday.
It's an Easter- and Fiesta-themed fair and market, which will include an Easter egg hunt for the kiddos, Fiesta crafts and clothing, pet adoptions and more.
But back to the march. . .
Last year, more than 20,000 people participated in the Cesar E. Chavez March for Justice, according to the march's founder Jaime Martinez.
Martinez said it's the largest march in the country which honors Chavez, the labor leader and civil rights activist who died in 1993.
The march begins at Avenida Guadalupe, 1321 El Paso St., at 1 p.m. and ends at the Alamo.
Before the march, a health fair will be held 8 a.m.-1 p.m. at Avenida Guadalupe, and will include health screenings, education and information on various clinics.
That's the Cesar E. Chavez March for Justice and the Houston Street Fair & Market. Here are more downtown entertainment options courtesy of the one and only Stefanie "Stefanies vs. Johnsons" Arias.
Bill Santiago Rivercenter Comedy Club Rivercenter mall, third level, 849 E. Commerce St., (210) 229-1420 Bill Santiago performs Friday-Sunday. Headliners usually perform 8:30 and 10:45 p.m. Friday-Saturday, 8:30 p.m. Sunday. Comedia A Go-Go troupe performs at midnight Fridays ($5). "Midnight Madness" is a free show at 12:30 a.m. Saturday nights. Open mike shows at 5:30 Fridays and 3:30 p.m. Saturdays. Show prices: $13.
"High Hair and Jalapeños" Cameo Theater, 1127 E. Commerce St., (210) 212-5454. Last year's popular revue returns and continues to poke fun at all things Texas. 8 p.m. Thursdays-Saturdays, 2 p.m. Sundays through April 19. $15-$33.
Sarah Chang/San Antonio Symphony Majestic Theatre, 224 E. Houston St., (210) 554-1010. The symphony welcomes renowned violinist Chang in a performance of Bartok and Brahms. 8 p.m. Friday-Saturday. $10-$60 at Ticketmaster outlets.
"Menopause the Musical" Charline McCombs Empire Theatre, 226 N. St. Mary's St., (210) 226-3333. Four women at a lingerie sale share what they have in common: a black-lace bra, memory loss, hot flashes, night sweats, not enough and too much sex. 8 p.m. Friday, 2 and 8 p.m. Saturday, 2 p.m. Sunday. $39.50-$42.50 at Ticketmaster outlets. Final performances.
"Twelfth Night" Jump-Start Theater, Blue Star Arts Complex, 1400 S. Alamo St., No. 108, (210) 589-8450. The Classic Theatre performs Shakespeare's comedy about mistaken identity and the romantic confusion that results. 8 p.m. Friday-Saturday, 3 p.m. Sunday. $15-$20. Final performances.
Benjamin Olivo
Got any downtown news, event info, blog ideas of your own, hearsay, tips, celebrations, complaints, boastings, updates, breaking news, memories, old photos, celebrity sightings, etc.? E-mail me.
Follow the Downtown Blog on Twitter: twitter.com/mySA_downtown


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About the Book
In his national bestseller, A Gentle Madness, Nicholas Basbanes explored the sweet obsession people feel to possess books. Now, Basbanes continues his adventures among the "gently mad" on an irresistible journey to the great libraries of the past -- from Alexandria to Glastonbury -- and to contemporary collections at the Vatican, Wolfenbüttel, and erudite universities. Along the way, he drops in on eccentric book dealers and regales us with stories about unforgettable collectors, such as the gentleman who bought a rare book in 1939 "by selling bottles of his own blood."
Taking the book's grand title from the marble lions guarding the New York Public Library at 42nd Street, Basbanes both entertains and delights. And once again, as Scott Turow aptly noted, "Basbanes makes you love books, the collections he writes about, and the volume in your hand."
Educator and Librarian Resources
Product Details
- Imprint: Harper Perennial
- On Sale: 03/25/2003
- Trimsize: 6 in (w) x 9 in (h) x 1.103 in (d)
- Pages: 688
- List Price: 19.99 USD
- BISAC1: LITERARY CRITICISM / Books & Reading
- BISAC2: ANTIQUES & COLLECTIBLES / General
- BISAC3: HISTORY / General


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Track IQ has a global reputation for being specialist manufacturers and suppliers of wayside detection equipment to the railway industry.
Track IQ develops, manufactures, sells and supports wayside sensor systems used to measure the operating condition of rail vehicles. Products include RailBAM®, WCM®, RailSQAD®, PhotoTAG™, OnePASS™, FleetONE™, RailCAM™ and the Train Noise Monitor™, often incorporating other measurement products (AVI/AEI and Environmental systems).
Track IQ works with other industry specialists to integrate a wide range of wayside sensors (Bogie Geometry, Wheel Profile, Brake Wear, HBD) on asset monitoring "Supersites" where sensor data is integrated into the Track IQ FleetOne database.
Track IQ provide technical support, calibration services, and investigations for our own and related equipment items and development services across a wide range of rail related mechanical and electronics issues, particularly failure investigations of mechanical systems. Track IQ has access to the resources of its parent company, Wabtec Corporation (NYSE:WAB), in addition to the thirty three experienced software, mechanical and mechatronic engineers within Track IQ.
With head office in Australia and offices in USA and Europe, Track IQ has contracts worldwide with in excess of 175 systems installed. Countries currently serviced include, Australia, New Zealand, Brasil, USA, South Africa, Mexico, Ireland, India, China, United Kingdom, France and Norway.
Track IQ are planning further localisation for Indian Railways projects including product development targeted to the Indian Railways, system integration, infrastructure manufacture and installation, operations and support, in-line with Indian Government policy of "Make in India".
For specialist railway wheel bearing and rolling wheel surface condition monitoring Track IQ provides unsurpassed products and support.
Track IQ is a wholly owned subsidiary of Wabtec Corporation.


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PS4 No. 2; Ratchet & Clank No. 3 in Japan sales
By News Division On August 20, 2016 · In Business, News, Playstation 4, Retail, Systems
Sales for Sony Corp.'s Playstation 4 ranked as the No. 2 hardware in Japan in the latest data from the region.
Media Create Co. this month reported the PS4 sold 17,433 units between Aug. 8 and Aug. 14 to rank No. 2 in overall hardware sales.
It sold 16,469 units the week prior.
Ratchet & Clank ranked as the No. 3 software for the week selling 27,534 units for the week.
In Q1 2016, the Game and Network Services division, which includes the Playstation business, held an operating income of $427 million.
The PS4 sold 3.5 million units in the same period.
Follow us on Twitter @PunchJump, @WeLoveHotDeals, @PreOrderBonus, @SQUARE Gentleman, and visit us at Facebook and YouTube.
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Pak attack un-Islamic and barbaric: Muslim scholars` body
A group of intellectuals and scholars from Muslim community has condemned the ghastly killing of two soldiers by Pak troops terming it as "un-Islamic".
Aligarh: A group of intellectuals and scholars from Muslim community has condemned the ghastly killing of two soldiers by Pakistani troops near the LoC in Jammu and Kashmir, terming it as "un-Islamic" .
At a meeting on Saturday, the Forum for Muslim Studies and Analysis (FMSA) passed a resolution describing the January 8 incident as "un-Islamic and barbaric", its secretary Jasim Mohammad said in a statement.
The resolution noted that Islam had stringent guidelines on soldierly conduct during war and concluded that the Pakistan army had thus grossly violated those principles through their inhuman treatment of the bodies of the slain jawans.
The statement called for all peace-loving people, especially those in Islamic countries who stand for "justice and humane behaviour" to strongly condemn Pakistan for the act.
The meeting was attended by several prominent scholars from the Aligarh Muslim University, among others, Professor Humayun Murad, former Dean in the Faculty of Science and Dr Md Shahid, the elected representative of the university`s teachers in the its Executive Council.


text: Hi, every time i boot m PC i get a consistency check for all file, any idea how to fix is so it doesn't do it. it doesn't find any problems but just does the check ,its annoying, the pc is a old P2 350Mhz with 128Mb ram used for surfing and word . thanks


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Students at the University of Illinois at Chicago asked us last week who we were going to vote for in the presidential election.
We don't endorse candidates. We believe that people should start thinking in terms of what's good for their communities rather than what's good for a political party.
We are mindful that the American people have traditionally been asked to think about what they can do for their country; but for the rich and powerful, the question has always been, what can their country do for them?
In a nation and culture that celebrates individualism, thinking in terms of communities perhaps sounds heretical. But it isn't. In the past few years, both political parties have been touting the importance of community.
Starting with Ronald Reagan, and now presidential candidate Bob Dole, the Republican alternative to big government is "volunteerism"--which is the antithesis of individualism. Volunteerism is looking out for our neighbors. In this respect, there's not much difference between the rhetoric of the Clintons and Reagan/Bush/Gingrich/Dole in the "it takes a village" (snore) debate.
Unfortunately, it has taken a bipartisan pillage of the poor for many people to begin rethinking how we can participate in democracy and the political process.
So excuse us if we turn the question around and ask not which party should we vote for, but rather, what segment of society is looking out for us and our communities?
Given the country's political climate, some communities are not only neglected by government, but are being intentionally targeted for hostile action. These include the unemployed, the working poor, children, the elderly, communities of color, immigrants and women.
And politicians continue to divide people not solely based on color, language and appearance, but also by ideas. Simply because we disagree, we're supposed to become enemies.
In the past, we have spoken of "the third option" in politics, which doesn't necessarily mean a third party, but rather, breaking from the traditional view that politics is a choice between Democrats and Republicans.
One important element of that option is we as citizens not turn to electoral politics or government for our moral compass and not rely on government (a good Republican credo) to solve all of our nation's problems.
In an era of smaller, or even a hostile, government, it's important that communities learn to fend for themselves through collective action. This amounts to communities taking care of their own. Former President Jimmy Carter sets a great example with his volunteer home-building project, Habitat for Humanity. Many Asian communities also set examples, such as extending the school week to include Saturdays. Interestingly, Saturday schooling is also part of the ethic of Mexican/Latino culture, except in those communities, it's called catechism or religious instruction.
At a time when immigrants and bilingual education are under incessant attacks, perhaps the Mexican/Latino communities should also turn to Saturday bilingual schooling--something that in the end will give bilingual students decided advantage in our global marketplace.
For these communities, the choice between voting Republican or voting Democratic has become the choice between a party that is kicking them with the right foot and one that's kicking them with the left.
These communities are adopting or creating leaders who offer a political ethic that recognizes that their dignity is not for sale, so politicians who simply don a giant sombrero or mention Dr. Martin Luther King at a political rally don't cut it.
Of course, teaching people not to rely on government is a lesson currently sanctioned by our body politic. What we need to further teach people is not to rely on or look to political parties for moral or political leadership. We can get that instead from our churches, our schools and our elders.
What if instead of volunteering 20 hours a week to elect a candidate, someon volunteered to work with youth, the elderly, the disabled or simply to help his or her neighbors? Actually, that already happens across the country. I just doesn't make the news like a colorful drive-by shooting.
In Mexican and Central American communities in the United States, many people who come from devastated countries in which they had to be resourceful to survive, employ the indigenous tradition of the "tekia." It is a system in which members of the community donate one day of labor to help out another member or a communal project. Some also pool their money and send it home to build hospitals, schools, roads and irrigation canals. And they do this without government approval.
That's a village, and while government should always be held accountable for meeting the needs of its citizens, that's where our vote goes.
This April, ex-Drug Enforcement Agency agent Celerino Castillo made a pilgrimage to the Vietnam Memorial wall in Washington, D.C., where he left his boots next to the name of a friend killed in the war. The Pharr, Texas native also left his Bronze Star, which he earned for his covert actions in Southeast Asia in 1972, and a letter to the President:
"Dear President Clinton,
"...In the 1980s, I spent six years in Central America as a Special Agent with the DEA. On January 14, 1986, 1 forewarned, then Vice President George Bush, of the U.S. government involvement in narcotic-trafficking (Oliver North) ... but to no avail...
"In display of my disappointment of my government, I am returning my Bronze Star along with my last pair of jungle boots that I used in the jungles of Vietnam, Peru, Colombia, El Salvador and finally Guatemala."
While stationed in Central America, Castillo exposed the U.S. government's drug connection. He personally kept records on the planes used in the U. S.-Contra resupply operation at Ilopango Air Force Base in El Salvador arriving with guns, and departing to tlie United States with coca-irle from Colombia.
"Every single pilot involved in the operation was a documented drug trafficker, who appeared in DEA files," he says.
Castillo not only turned over his files to his superiors, but also confronted Bush with the information in Guatemala City--several months before American Eugene Hasenfus was shot down over Nicaragua, an incident which first exposed the Iran-Contra affair.
Had Castillo testified at the Iran-Contra Hearings, he says North would have gone to jail and both Bush and President Reagan would have been impeached. "But nobody ever subpoenaed me," he says and he notes that the DEA claimed no files ever existed.
"It was Bush's operation. In fact, it was impossible for President Reagan not to have known about it," says Castillo.
In the 1980s, the same allegations of government sanctioned drug-trafficking were continually leveled by wild-eyed "radicals" and Central American peace activists. However, because of his position as special acent, Castillo's charges cannot easily be dismissed.
Amazingly, the drug operation at Ilopango was not a secret among U.S. and Salvadoran officials, he says. The Salvadoran military was perplexed as to why the drug connection was illegal. They thought it was simply part of the effort to topple the Sandinista government of Nicaragua.
When Castillo started with the Drug Enforcement Agency in 1978, he was ready to fight against a scourge that had claimed many of his friends in Southeast Asia, only to find that U.S. intelligence agencies themselves were involved in drug-trafficking and the training of death squads.
Recent expos6s by Congressman Robert Torricelli of the CIA involvement in the deaths of an American and a revolutionary in Guatemala barely scratch the surface. The real tragedy is that for decades, thousands of Guatemalans have disappeared yearly, says Castillo. Torricelli is expected to call for hearings this fall to investigate human rights abuses against U.S. citizens in Guatemala.
"I'm ready to testify, and so are three other agents," says Castillo, hoping that the role of the intelligence services in the drug trade, death squads and "disappearances" will finally be exposed.
Because Castillo's findings went unheeded, he recently left the DEA and wrote a book, "Powderburns" (Mosaic Press), which documents his charges.
Castillo says that on the basis of his work, he is convinced that drug money is what finances U.S. covert operations worldwide. He believes that despite the "War on Drugs," there are more drugs coming into the United States today than 15 years ago and estimates that at least 75 percent of all narcotics enter the country with the acquiescence or direct participation by U.S. and foreign intelligence services. It is they who must be held accountable for the flood of drugs on our streets today, he says.
Similarly, the policy of turning a blind eye to drugs has created narcodemocracies (governments tainted and funded by drug money) in Central and South America. That was the price of the U.S. war against communism, says Castillo.
Today, Castillo spends his time painting. One haunting image is of a Mayan warrior with an American flag in one hand, an M-16 in the other and a DEA helicopter with a skull insignia hovering overhead. The Mayan's face is that of his friend, a dead DEA agent felled in the drug war in Peru.
The image conjures up his plea to Clinton to not perpetuate this false "war" "Please do not do what Mr. Robert McNamara did regarding the Vietnam War." Myth of Voter Apathy Hides Contempt
Political observers are predicting high voter apathy in this year's presidential elections.
That's one way to interpret today's political landscape. But perhaps people are a little smarter than pundits give them credit for. What is possibly taking place is a genuine rejection of the choices being offered up to the electorate.
Suzanne Harjo, president of the Morning Star Institute, a Washington D.C.-based organization that fights for Native American rights, says that both major parties have taken humans out of the political equation, in favor of big business: "That's why everyone feels they are not being represented and feel they have no alternatives. It [government] has now become 'we the corporations' instead of 'we the people.'"
This generalized disenchantment may end up benefiting communities that traditionally have been marginalized by the political process, says Lydia Camarillo, executive director of the Southwest Voters Registration and Education Project (SVREP). For instance, people tired of the incessant anti-immigrant hysteria and the anti-civil rights mood of the country may turn out in unprecedented numbers.
In this election there are 1.5 million new Latino voters, many of them new citizens and young adults voting for the first time. This increase is largely due to a 13-month organizing effort by SVREP, the Hispanic Education and Legal Fund (HELF), and the Midwest Voter Registration and Education Project. Camarillo refutes the conventional wisdom that says people have become naturalized citizens out of a fear of losing government benefits under the new welfare and immigration laws. Instead, they have become citizens because they want dignity, respect, and want to be counted.
For example, following California's anti-immigrant Proposition 187 that passed in 1994, anti-affirmative action forces have now fomented a vicious anti-civil rights movement in the state, wrapped in an initiative known as Proposition 209. The measure--which has received millions of dollars from the Republican Party and has been enthusiastically endorsed by ex-KKK grand wizard, David Duke, and failed presidential hopefuls, Pat Buchanan and Gov. Pete Wilson--would eliminate affirmative action. By decree, proponents of 209 have determined that institutionalized racism and sexism is merely a vestige of history.
In this battle over Proposition 209, the relationship between people of color and white women is a dynamic worth watching. White women have historically been the biggest beneficiaries of affirmative action, yet it is still uncertain how they will vote on this issue.
While those who support affirmative action in California have a negative incentive to come out to vote, in Texas, those who support the consummate little guy--in this case, Victor Morales, who's running for U.S. Senate--are poised to come out in record numbers to send a message to Washington.
In the Northeast, many of the new Latino voters, who are mostly Puerto Ricans, Dominicans and Mexicans, are motivated to vote, both to be counted, and because of concerns over police brutality, health and housing issues, says Jaime Estades, executive director of HELF.
As a result of the anti-Latino sentiment in the country, a number of civil rights organizations, including the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Educational Fund and the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund have initiated "Latino Election Watch '96." It is an effort to monitor polling places, to ensure that Latinos aren't being discouraged from voting.
Since 1992, anti-immigrant activists have increasingly charged that "illegal aliens" have been registering and voting in U.S. elections. As a result of this hysteria, in past California elections hostile uniformed guards have been stationed at polling places to ensure that no "illegal aliens" are voting.
However, what does even more to discourage people from voting than the intimidating acts of a few wannabe vigilantes at polling places is the hostile atmosphere engendered by national politicians from both parties against Latinos.
The latest salvo has come from Bob Dole who charges that the speeding up of the naturalization process by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (under the Clinton administration) this year, is a Democratic plot to recruit new citizens to vote against Republicans. Citing some misleading statistics he also falsely claims that 10 percent of the new citizens are criminals.
To delay the naturalization process then, we maintain, must be a plot to kee people from voting Democratic.
For the Republican party, it appears as though it is still respectable to be a bigot--as long as you couch your hatred and scapegoating in political term and you're not wearing your bed sheet over your head in public.
But the Republicans aren't the only ones whom are giving politics a bad name
Democrats argue that a candidate's character should not matter in an election. But as Harjo notes: "In human relations, nothing matters more than character." And character is one thing most politicians lack. We believe that, given a choice between bigotry and heartlessness vs. a man and party without convictions, it is little wonder that many Americans appear to be rejecting both choices.
The only saving grace in this election is that the bigotry may end up backfiring. Those who apparently believe that both the Constitution and the Statue of Liberty have now become obsolete will hopefully find themselves sorely mistaken.
Thanks to science fiction, we can all imagine how the next millennium will be--subspace communications, warp-speed travel across the universe, and even replicated sushi at the push of a button.
Film maker Jesus Trevino looked at that future, but did not see himself represented in it. Deciding not to accept someone else's version of the future, he embarked on a near mission impossible to convince Hollywood that the red and brown-skinned people of the Americas do have a place in the next millennium.
As a result of his determination, Indian/mestizo characters can now be found in the new "Star Trek" TV programs, and Trevino himself has directed episode of "Seaquest," "Babylon 5" and "Space: Above and Beyond."
After reading "At Century's End," a compilation of essays and interviews wit some of the world's greatest thinkers, we also felt like Trevino. While there is a lot of great thinking in those pages, we did not see ourselves in the future.
Based on the book, apparently there are few women and no mestizos/Indians from the United States doing the thinking.
The end of this century signals the beginning of a new millennium and with i will come a genre of millenarian books. As agents of change, most women an people of color have been written out of the pages of this nation's history. The few times they appear are generally as victims, villains or as bystanders.
It is no irony that Trevino was also the producer of the recent PBS series "Chicano!" "If we hadn't done it, we wouldn't exist in history," he says. We suspect, that given Trevino's success, other people of color--thinkers, philosophers, theologians, writers and poets--will not allow themselves to b written out of humanity's future.
We look at today's society, as represented by the media, and see a bipolar world--a world in black and white that has never been black and white. We see a world of rich and poor, an age of great information and great ignoranc and a world formerly divided between East and West, now North and South and some say in the future, East and West again.
While poets and philosophers can perhaps imagine the world in the year 3,001 the rest of us can only guess what the advances in technology might be. But what of social relations between men and women and between the races? What of superpowers, borders, majorities and minorities?
An old friend of ours, a Lakota spiritual man, Ernie Longwalker Peters, used to tell us that if you mix the colors red, black, yellow and white--which signify all the peoples of the world--you come up with the color brown--the mestizo.
Theologian Virgil Elizondo, author of "The Future is Mestizo," believes that in the future, all cultures, peoples, races and even religions will mix and come together as one.
In many ways, the future is already here, in us, in the painful existence of the mestizo--a bridge people who are the sum total of humanity, yet rejected by all. The whole world is already mestizo, but in a society that clings to concepts of racial purity, which historically has been used as the basis fo white supremacy, accepting that fusion will be the challenge of the next millennium.
When we look through less powerful binoculars into the next century, we can see what has become of the former Yugoslavia and the collapse of the former Soviet Union and wonder what it is that holds the United States and the Western world together. If the glue is democracy, equal opportunity and justice for all, how does that explain Los Angeles aflame in 1992?
We're aware of the demographic trends that indicate a further browning of America and the fear and hate it inspires. We see walled communities, citie and nations and still we hear calls for bigger and higher walls. Meanwhile, our society finds less and less money to assist the poor, while continuing t find more and more money to fatten law enforcement agencies and our armed forces. This is done in the name of protecting the United States from the dark hordes who are blamed for our nation's problems--the populations that are supposed to remain on the other side of the walls and history.
Perhaps Trevino, the artist, has shown us a way--that we don't have to accep someone else's vision of the future. We can foresee the day when mestizo culture becomes the mainstream culture, and the elitists, purists and supremacists become the outcasts.
by Patrisia Gonzales & Roberto Rodriguez
These Articles are Reproduced with Permission from the Authors.
Begin Your journey, learn the Steps to
Your Indian Ancestry
Beginners Lesson in Genealogy


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|Reviews for Medical Prevention
| recycledpaper chapter 1 . 8/1/2012
The line "I've seen the future..." is really personalizing this poem beautifully. Great work !
| the-lovely-anomaly chapter 1 . 6/15/2012
Painfully true. There are things in this world far worse than death. And all the people who try to cheat time are deluded. No one can do that. Time conquers all.
Nice work.
| Meadow Frost chapter 1 . 6/13/2012
Hmm, a very interesting and understandable poem.
| thisaccountisclosedthanksbye chapter 1 . 6/10/2012
Really enjoyed this poem. Sometimes people do seem to go for quantity over quality when considering how good someone's life has been, but there are worse things than dying. I really liked the phrase 'shrinking one's life' for some reason. Anyhoo, nice job :)
| YuePantera chapter 1 . 6/2/2012
Very well written and definitely something we should all think about. Good work. X
| Love A Mysterious Thing chapter 1 . 5/29/2012
This is raw and deep. I've often thought the same when it comes to death and growing old but I couldn't have written it as poetically as you. I keep saying it, but I just can't get over how clever you are at writing! Your style and everything is just inspiring. Needless to say, you have a fan. I'll be checking for more things from you!
| Onearmwonder21 chapter 1 . 5/25/2012
Dark themed but actually quite good.


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|16th June 2008, 08:07 PM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Feb 2004
Location: Recife - Brasil Northeast
This is the DHR.... Dx High Resolution Turbo
Made for Brazilian powerholic.... it is the "marriage" of the Dx Standard, Dx HRII and Dx Precision 1 amplifiers.
The idea was to use the good points of those amplifier, to use the same supply (two 27 AC transformer coils installed in series) to allow you to have simetrical 70 plus 70 volts DC.
Effort was applied not only in sonics, but in special to obtain power into 2 ohms and 1.5 ohms loads.... and i could reach 650 watts RMS, continuous, sinusoidal, undistorted (unclipped) into 1 Kilohertz and flat from 5 hertz to 100 Kilohertz... sensitivity of 750 milivolts to full power.
Into 8 ohms power is not special....only 260 watts RMS.
Supply needs 20000uf each rail, and to each amplifier if you gonna use it into 4 ohms speakers (8 amperes) ... twice of that will be needed if you decide to use lower impedance speakers.
Off set is lower than 1 milivolt and bias is around 100 miliamps (force output to conduct)... zener is 1 watt for safety reasons.
500 miliwatts of more to the bootstrapp resistances
3 watts or more to the output emitter resistances
I have assembled this one last year, into December... and i found it great....have not show to you (the early basic schematic, the one i have made modifications today)... i was silent about this one because of Precision 1..... it was under development last year(board).
Diodes must go to the heatsink...they must be insulated using thermal tubes and attached into the heatsink using glue and thermal compound into the places the diode touches the heatsink...glue goes to the resistance series extreme points.
Avoid too much long wires to this one.... despite it is not too much sensitive into those points (not a tripple darlington) it can result a problem if you use long wires...make it shortest as possible.
There's nothing absolutelly different, just a retuning and a marriage fo those amplifiers i have told you..... adjusted to produce power into lower impedance loads...just that.... reliable, good in sonics (alike HRII).... powerfull as the Precision 1 (more powerfull into low impedance loads)
To use into 4 ohms... i suggest you to use 6 pairs of transistors... will be more safe than the 4 pairs you see into the schematic...was problem of space into the simulator to draw the sketch.....of course, to use into 8 ohms only...you can use 3 pairs... and even into 4 ohms...but better to increase if you gonna plug it into crazy loads.
Well, i do not know if there are someone interested..... if you need something, just post here and i will supply you the needed informations you may need.... transistors are 2SC4793 and 2SA1837...into the output use 2SC5200 and 2SA1943 or other unit with the same, or better, specifications of voltage,current, power dissipation and gain.
Enjoy another Dx amplifier...they are all very nice.... this one has controled thunder bass...huge power...excelent dinamics and special treble too... voice is normal.... about sound stage i have not idea about..have not tested this one in stereo.
Dx update; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RgXZ3s38MCIDx unbeatable amplifiers; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4tGBiqMnzQ
|16th June 2008, 11:24 PM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Apr 2008
It's so good to see another amp here fired off by your never resting neuronians!
I just picked up the bridge rectifiers for the HRII power supply, and I'll make my electronic debut by building that amp first.
This amp looks intriguing for a speaker I have, but I have a lot a catching up to do.
I just wanted to thank you for being such a generous and giving person. I continue to read the HRII and Precision threads, and have learned what little (extreamly little) I know from those.
So, very best wishes with this new amp Carlos.
|16th June 2008, 11:32 PM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Feb 2004
Location: Recife - Brasil Northeast
Thank you very much.... your happyness is what moves me
The Dx Amplifier thread.... Dx amplifier, my amplifier, teaches a lot, because we have studied a lot of things since the early begining...there you have descriptions and how to force an amplifier to work.... a simplified design method or Dc biasing into transistor audio amplifier stages....there you may learn something.
I am happy you have appreciated this one...it has something about the others inside....the good points...the good sounding circuits put all together.
Enjoy and be happy, i am sure the amplifier will cooperate with your joy.
Dx update; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RgXZ3s38MCIDx unbeatable amplifiers; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4tGBiqMnzQ
|16th June 2008, 11:46 PM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Sep 2001
Location: Melbourne, Australia
Very nice amp - highly refined, congratulations, and thank you!
I suspect the emitter resistors for the output NPNs are in the wrong place; should be under the transistors, not at the rails.
Apart from that this would be an extremely clean, dynamic amp.
Aspen Amplifiers P/L (Australia)
|17th June 2008, 12:08 AM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Mar 2008
wow, monstar amp
hi DX,
wow, monstar amp. how about the watts into 8ohms? its like more easy to build then Pre-I. is this more sweeter then prc-I?
waiting waiting......tick tak...tick tak.....
best regards
|17th June 2008, 01:36 AM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Apr 2004
Location: Norwich, UK
I have the same comment about the resistors on the NPN outputs.. surely they should be at the emitters...
Oh, i'm also wondering why the zener-resistor arrangement for the LTP, instead of a transistor-LED or transistor-transistor based current source? Just curious - i've read so often that zeners are noisy and should be avoided at such places
|17th June 2008, 03:43 AM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Nov 2004
Location: Florida
Also, I'm wondering, is that VAS/47uf bootstrap & 3.3K+3.3K setup strong enough to drive the transistors into 2 ohm loads? On an amp I built similar to yours (75V rails) I used 2.2k+2.2K and 470uf bootstrap for 4 ohm loads (even though 2 ohms tested fine)
And yea, to enable current sharing, you have to use the resistors in the emitters. The gain is based from b-e voltage, not b-c, so you want emitter resistors to even out the b-e voltage and gain of all the transistors. This keeps one transistor from running hotter than the rest.
|17th June 2008, 09:17 AM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Feb 2004
Location: Recife - Brasil Northeast
Will fix the emitter resistance mistake..sorry folks
Yes.... zener produces noises.... the capacitor there hold the job to kill those noises.
"This one eat the Precision into the breakfast... easy!...laughing"
The best one comparing the three amplifiers made.... better than Dx Standard, better than HRII and better than Precision 1.
You can go to it.... will be very happy and i am sure will thank me a lot by this suggestion.
I could not create anything better...so, i have decided, the way i have done in the past, to join the best points of each one of my amplifiers... the wonderfull bootstrapp is there, and something from HRII and from Precision 1....I have tried Precision II VAS too...i have not the Precision II schematic, i have lost my Hard drive.... and it belongs to Nordic.
.................................................. .................................................. ..
I have tried bigger current to the VAS dear Workshop.... and found even better (sligthly better) to hold lower impedance loads...but had problems of temperature....i turn myself afraid to have problems into the master VAS, because of heat and the consequences you have into transistors... also, i have tried to avoid to place the VAS into the heatsink, because of capacitance effects...i found that big heatsinks mounted into that transistors may damage the transistor leads.... because of that i have decided to that current (lower than 10 miliamps).... also i feel afraid to use bigger current there as i have decided to take the risk and to avoid the overcurrent control...that small transistor youc an see into the Precision 1.... aaaagh!.... the problematic one!
I have tried CCS into the drivers... have forced 20 miliamps, 30 miliamps, 40 miliamps and 50 miliamps into them, using two CCS, one to each driver, a transistor/zener/resistances arrangement feeding the VAS...but i have found compressing audio and mufflying the high frequencies too..... the CCS was removed and i have increased the current into the VAS...now bigger than the other amplifiers i have made.
Decisions was made listening....and i remember i found the heat..ahahahahah...the emitter resistances wrong place..ahahahaha.
.................................................. .................................................. .
To the ones appreciate big condensers into the board...this one, as uses rail resistances, may need big condensers...or at least, will not be any problem to use them but how they will look.
Dx update; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RgXZ3s38MCIDx unbeatable amplifiers; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4tGBiqMnzQ
|17th June 2008, 10:55 AM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Mar 2008
hi DX,
oh my god.......when i saw it, i was thinking it might be great to listen then prec-1....anyway i just saw on the circuit design that you didn't write some transistors part number. can i have complete diagram pls?
also about the heat sink and other info.
thanks for great amp you are contb to all of us. many thanks to you.
i am still listing your prec-1, sound great. can't wait to make this....ha...ha..
best regards
|17th June 2008, 12:52 PM
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Feb 2004
Location: Recife - Brasil Northeast
Here is the corrected schematic..sorry folks
Dear Space.... let me know in advance your supply voltage.
Also your speaker impedance.... your music style and if you will really use it into the maximum power for long time.
Then i will give you AC transformer voltage, current, electrolitic condenser values to your load and type of work.
I will be glad to enter you informs into the simulator to give you better informations about bias resistance value to be pre adjusted, voltages and currents to help you to debugg the circuit if needed.
Thank you by the confidence and preference into Dx Corporation Products (just a dream...we do not pay to dream folks!)
I am sure you gonna be satisfied!... 200 % more guarantee of satisfaction compared to my other amplifiers.
- "Give to the heaven spirits the chance to enter your home to listen paradisiac sounds"
Dx update; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RgXZ3s38MCIDx unbeatable amplifiers; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4tGBiqMnzQ
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An element of Organic Architecture was that the parts fit the whole, so Frank Lloyd Wright designed both the building and everything that went into it. This sterling silver-plated three-dimensional ornament is approximately 4" tall, has a 1" outside diameter, and is the perfect example of a detail carried throughout the house. It is an adaptation from a dining room chair back in the Aline Barnsdall House (1916-1921), also known as the Hollyhock House, in Los Angeles, CA. Made in the USA.
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Tap here to compare the top VoIP providersTap here to hide the top VoIP Providers
Asterisk cmd Sms
Note: Update for latest issue, see bug 2973
SMS Service in the USA
Q: Is it possible to use the sms_app over zap without the .call file?
A: in newer versions of asterisk there is smsq - a tool that sends sms from the command line.
Please note that there's also chan_mobile that omes with the application MobileSendSMS() for mobile phones that are connected to Asterisk via Bluetooth.
SynopsisCommunicates with both SMS service centres and SMS capable analogue phones
Can exchange SMS with Asterisk servers using IAX2 (and maybe also other protocols)
Note: Some VoIP phones (like the SNOM products) support SMS, however the term "SMS" doesn't necessarily always refer to GSM-based SMS - it can also mean "instant message as sent by MSN".
SMS(queuename|[s]|number|message) deprecated
|answer, i.e. send initial FSK packet.
|act as service centre talking to a phone.
SMS handles exchange of SMS data with a call to/from SMS capable phone or SMS PSTN service centre. Can send and/or receive SMS messages.
Returns 0 if call handled correctly, or -1 if there were any problems.
Note: Usage of the second variant, to queue a message, is depricated in favour of the command line application smsq.
DetailsSMS() is an application to handles calls to/from text message capable phones and message centres using ETSI ES 201 912 protocol 1 FSK messaging over analogue calls.
Basically it allows sending and receiving of text messages over the PSTN. It is compatible with BT Text service in the UK and works on ISDN and PSTN lines. It is designed to connect to an ISDN or zap interface directly and uses FSK so would probably not work over any sort of compressed link.
The SMS module for asterisk was developed by Adrian Kennard, and is an implementation of the ETSI specification for landline SMS, ETSI ES 201 912, which is available from www.etsi.org. Landline SMS is starting to be available in various parts of Europe, and is available from BT in the UK. However, asterisk would allow gateways to be created in other locations such as the US, and use of SMS capable phones such as the Magic Messenger. SMS works using analogue or ISDN lines.
BackgroundShort Message Service (SMS), or texting is very popular between mobile phones. A message can be sent between two phones, and normally contains 160 characters. There are ways in which various types of data can be encoded in a text message such as ring tones, and small graphic, etc. Text messaging is being used for voting and competitions, and also spam...
Sending a message involves the mobile phone contacting a message centre (SMSC) and passing the message to it. The message centre then contacts the destination mobile to deliver the message. The SMSC is responsible for storing the message and trying to send it until the destination mobile is available, or a timeout.
Landline SMS works in basically the same way. You would normally have a suitable text capable landline phone, or a separate texting box such as a Magic Messenger on your phone line. This sends a message to a message centre your telco provides by making a normal call and sending the data using 1200 Baud FSK signaling according to the ETSI spec. To receive a message the message centre calls the line with a specific calling number, and the text capable phone answers the call and receives the data using 1200 Baud FSK signaling. This works particularly well in the UK as the calling line identity is sent before the first ring, so no phones in the house would ring when a message arrives.
Typical use with asteriskSending messages from an asterisk box can be used for a variety of reasons, including notification from any monitoring systems, email subject lines, etc.
Receiving messages to an asterisk box is typically used just to email the messages to someone appropriate - we email and texts that are received to our direct numbers to the appropriate person. Received messages could also be used to control applications, manage competitions, votes, post items to IRC, anything.
Using a terminal such as a magic messenger, an asterisk box could ask as a message centre sending messages to the terminal, which will beep and pop up the message (and remember 100 or so messages in its memory).
|Short Message Service, i.e. text messages
|Short Message Service Centre. The system responsible for storing and forwarding messages
|Mobile Originated. A message on its way from a mobile or landline device to the SMSC
|Mobile Terminated. A message on its way from the SMSC to the mobile or landline device
|Receive. A message coming in to the asterisk box
|Transmit. A message going out of the asterisk box
Sub addressWhen sending a message to a landline, you simply send to the landline number. In the UK, all of the mobile operators (bar one) understand sending messages to landlines and pass the messages to the BTText system for delivery to the landline.
The specification for landline SMS allows for the possibility of more than one device on a single landline. These can be configured with Sub addresses which are a single digit. To send a message to a specific device the message is sent to the landline number with an extra digit appended to the end. The telco can define a default sub address (9 in the UK) which is used when the extra digit is not appended to the end. When the call comes in, part of the calling line ID is the sub address, so that only one device on the line answers the call and receives the message.
Sub addresses also work for outgoing messages. Part of the number called by the device to send a message is its sub address. Sending from the default sub address (9 in the UK) means the message is delivered with the sender being the normal landline number. Sending from any other sub address makes the sender the landline number with an extra digit on the end.
Using asterisk, you can make use of the sub addresses for sending and receiving messages. Using DDI (DID, i.e. multiple numbers on the line on ISDN) you can also make use of many different numbers for SMS.
Build / installationapp_sms.c is included in the latest cvs. It lives in the asterisk source apps directory and is included in the object list (app_sms.so) in apps/Makefile.
smsq.c is a stand alone helper application which is used to send SMSs from the command line. It uses the popt library. A line for your make file is:-
smsq: smsq.c
cc -O -o smsq smsq.c -l popt
Note: Not sure if or where smsq.c would go in the CVS. Can get from bug 2973
On Ubuntu 6.06 i needed to install libopt-dev first:
sudo apt-get install libpopt-dev
extensions.confThe following contexts are recommended.
; Mobile Terminated, RX. This is used when an incoming call from the SMS arrives, with the queue (called number and sub address) in ${EXTEN}
; Running an app after receipt of the text allows the app to find all messages in the queue and handle them, e.g. email them.
; The app may be something like smsq --process=somecommand --queue=${EXTEN} to run a command for each received message
; See below for usage
exten = _X.,1,SMS(${EXTEN}|a)
exten = _X.,2,System(someapptohandleincomingsms ${EXTEN})
exten = _X.,3,Hangup
; Mobile originated, RX. This is receiving a message from a device, e.g. a Magic Messenger on a sip extension
; Running an app after receipt of the text allows the app to find all messages in the queue and handle then, e.g. sending them to the public SMSC
; The app may be something like smsq --process=somecommand --queue=${EXTEN} to run a command for each received message
; See below for example usage
exten = _X.,1,SMS(${EXTEN}|sa)
exten = _X.,2,System(someapptohandlelocalsms ${EXTEN})
exten = _X.,3,Hangup
smsmtrx is normally accessed by an incoming call from the SMSC. In the UK this call is from a CLI of 080058752X0 where X is the sub address. As such a typical usage in the extensions.conf at the point of handling an incoming call is:-
exten = _X./8005875290,1,Goto(smsmtrx,${EXTEN},1)
exten = _X./_80058752[0-8]0,1,Goto(smsmtrx,${EXTEN}-${CALLERIDNUM:8:1},1)
Alternatively, if you have the correct national prefix on incoming CLI, e.g. using zaphfc, you might use:-
exten = _X./08005875290,1,Goto(smsmtrx,${EXTEN},1)
exten = _X./_080058752[0-8]0,1,Goto(smsmtrx,${EXTEN}-${CALLERIDNUM:9:1},1)
smsmorx is normally accessed by a call from a local sip device connected to a Magic Messenger. It could however by that you are operating asterisk as a message centre for calls from outside. Either way, you look at the called number and goto smsmorx. In the UK, the SMSC number that would be dialed is 1709400X where X is the caller sub address. As such typical usage in extension.config at the point of handling a call from a sip phone is:-
exten = 17094009,1,Goto(smsmorx,${CALLERIDNUM},1)
exten = _1709400[0-8],1,Goto(smsmorx,${CALLERIDNUM}-{EXTEN:7:1},1)
Using smsqsmsq is a simple helper application designed to make it easy to send messages from a command line. it is intended to run on the asterisk box and have direct access to the queue directories for SMS and for asterisk.
In its simplest form you can send an SMS by a command such as
smsq 0123456789 This is a test to 0123456789
This would create a queue file for a mobile originated TX message in queue 0 to send the text "This is a test to 0123456789" to 0123456789. It would then place a file in the /var/spool/asterisk/outgoing directory to initiate a call to 17094009 (the default message centre in smsq) attached to application SMS with argument of the queue name (0).
Normally smsq will queue a message ready to send, and will then create a file in the asterisk outgoing directory causing asterisk to actually connect to the message centre or device and actually send the pending message(s).
Using --process, smsq can however be used on received queues to run a command for each file (matching the queue if specified) with various environment variables set based on the message (see below);
smsq options:-
|Show help text
|Show usage
|Specify a specific queue. In no specified, messages are queued under queue "0"
|Specify destination address
|Specify originating address. This also implies that we are generating a mobile terminated message
|Specify the actual message
|Specify a file to be read for the context of the message. A blank filename (e.g. --ud-file= on its own) means read stdin. Very useful when using via ssh where command line parsing could mess up the message.
|Mobile terminated message to be generated
|Mobile originated message to be generated (default)
|Transmit message (default)
|Generate a message in the receive queue
|Treat the file as UTF-8 encoded (default)
|Treat the file as raw 8 bit UCS-1 data, not UTF-8 encoded
|Treat the file as raw 16 bit bigendian USC-2 data
|Specific a command to process for each file in the queue. Implies --rx and --mt if not otherwise specified. Sets environment variables for every possible variable, and also ud, ud8 (USC-1 hex), and ud16 (USC-2 hex) for each call. Removes files.
|Specify the channel for motx calls. May contain X to use sub address based on queue name or may be full number. Default is Local/1709400X
|Specify the caller ID for motx calls. The default is the queue name without -X suffix
|Wait time for motx call (default 10)
|Retry time for motx call (default 1)
|Retries for motx call (default 10)
|Specify the channel for mttx calls. Default is Local/ and the queue name without -X suffix
|Specify the callerid for mttx calls. May include X to use sub address based on queue name or may be full number (default is 080058752X0)
|Wait time for mttx call (default 10)
|Retry time for mttx call (default 30)
|Retries for mttx call (default 100)
|The default sub address assumed (e.g. for X in CLI and dialled numbers as above) when none added (-X) to queue (default 9)
|Create queue, but do not dial to send message
|Do not wait if a call appears to be in progress. This could have a small window where a mesdsage is queued but not sent, so regular calls to smsq should be done to pick up any missed messages
|How many concurrent calls to allow, per queue (default 1)
|Message reference
|Protocol ID
|Data coding scheme
|Specific hex string of user data header specified (not including the initial length byte). May be a blank string to indicate header is included in the user data already but user data header indication to be set.
|Status report requested
|Return path requested
|Specify validity period (seconds)
|Specify timestamp (YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS)
|Spool dir (in which sms and outgoing are found). Default /var/spool/asterisk
Other arguments starting '-' or '--' are invalid and will cause an error. Any trailing arguments are processed as follows:-
- If the message is mobile originating and no destination address has been specified, then the first argument is assumed to be a destination address
- If the message is mobile terminating and no destination address has been specified, then the first argument is assumed to be the queue name
- If there is no user data, or user data file specified, then any following arguments are assumed to be the message, which are concatenated.
- If no user data is specified, then no message is sent. However, unless --no-dial is specified, smsq checks for pending messages and generates an outgoing anyway
Note that when smsq attempts to make a file in /var/spool/asterisk/outgoing, it checks if there is already a call queued for that queue. It will try several filenames, up to the --concorrent setting. If these files exists, then this means asterisk is already queued to send all messages for that queue, and so asterisk should pick up the message just queued. However, this alone could create a race condition, so if the files exist then smsq will wait up to 3 seconds to confirm it still exists or if the queued messages have been sent already. The --no-wait turns off this behaviour. Basically, this means that if you have a lot of messages to send all at once, asterisk will not make unlimited concurrent calls to the same message centre or device for the same queue. This is because it is generally more efficient to make one call and send all of the messages one after the other.
smsq can be used with no arguments, or with a queue name only, and it will check for any pending messages and cause an outgoing if there are any. It only sets up one outgoing call at a time based on the first queued message it finds. A outgoing call will normally send all queued messages for that queue. One way to use smsq would be to run with no queue name (so any queue) every minute or every few seconds to send pending message. This is not normally necessary unless --no-dial is selected. Note that smsq does only check motx or mttx depending on the options selected, so it would need to be called twice as a general check.
UTF-8 is used to parse command line arguments for user data, and is the default when reading a file. If an invalid UTF-8 sequence is found, it is treated as UCS-1 data (i.e, as is).
The --process option causes smsq to scan the specified queue (default is mtrx) for messages (matching the queue specified, or any if queue not specified) and run a command and delete the file. The command is run with a number of environment variables set as follows. Note that these are unset if not needed and not just taken from the calling environment. This allows simple processing of incoming messages
|Set if a queue specified
|srr is set (to blank) if srr defined and has value 1.
|rp is set (to blank) if rp defined and has value 1.
|User data, UTF-8 encoding, including any control characters, but with nulls stripped out. Useful for the content of emails, for example, as it includes any newlines, etc.
|User data, escaped UTF-8, including all characters, but control characters \n, \r, \t, \f, \xxx and \ is escaped as \\. Guaranteed one line printable text, so useful in Subject lines of emails, etc
|Hex UCS-1 coding of user data (2 hex digits per character). Present only if all user data is in range U+0000 to U+00FF
|Hex UCS-2 coding of user data (4 hex digits per chartacter)
|Other fields set using their field name, e.g. mr, pid, dcs, etc. udh is a hex byte string
File formatsBy default all queues are held in a director /var/spool/asterisk/sms. Within this directory are sub directories mtrx, mttx, morx, motx which hold the received messages and the messages ready to send. Also, /var/log/asterisk/sms is a log file of all messages handled.
The file name in each queue directory starts with the queue parameter to SMS which is normally the CLI used for an outgoing message or the called number on an incoming message, and may have -X (X being sub address) appended. If no queue ID is known, then 0 is used by smsq by default. After this is a dot, and then any text. Files are scanned for matching queue ID and a dot at the start. This means temporary files being created can be given a different name not starting with a queue (we recommend a . on the start of the file name for temp files).
Files in these queues are in the form of a simple text file where each line starts with a keyword and an = and then data. udh and ud have options for hex encoding, see below.
UTF-8. The user data (ud) field is treated as being UTF-8 encoded unless the DCS is specified indicating 8 bit formart. If 8 bit format is specified then the user data is sent as is.
The keywords are as follows:-
|Originating address. The phone number from which the message came. Present on mobile terminated messages and is the CLI for morx messages
|Destination Address. The phone number to which the message is sent. Present on mobile originated messages
|The service centre time stamp. Format YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS. Present on mobile terminated messages
|One byte decimal protocol ID. See GSM specs for more details. Normally 0 or absent
|One byte decimal data coding scheme. If omitted, a sensible default is used (see below). See GSM specs for more details
|One byte decimal message reference. Present on mobile originated messages, added by default if absent
|0 or 1 for status report request. Does not work in UK yet, not implemented in app_sms yet
|0 or 1 return path. See GSM specs for details
|Validity period in seconds. Does not work in UK yet
|Hex string of user data header prepended to the SMS contents, excluding initial length byte. Consistent with ud, this is specified as udh# rather than udh=. If blank, this means that the udhi flag will be set but any user data header must be in the ud field
|User data, may be text, or hex, see below.
udh is specified as as udh# followed by hex (2 hex digits per byte). If present, then the user data header indicator bit is set, and the length plus the user data header is added to the start of the user data, with padding if necessary (to septet boundary in 7 bit format).
User data can hold an USC character codes U+0000 to U+FFFF. Any other characters are coded as U+FEFF
ud can be specified as ud= followed by UTF-8 encoded text if it contains no control characters, i.e. only (U+0020 to U+FFFF). Any invalid UTF-8 sequences are treated as is (U+0080-U+00FF).
ud can also be specified as ud# followed by hex (2 hex digits per byte) containing characters U+0000 to U+00FF only.
ud can also be specified as ud## followed by hex (4 hex digits per byte) containing UCS-2 characters.
When written by app_sms (e.g. incoming messages), the file is written with ud= if it can be (no control characters). If it cannot, the a comment line ;ud= is used to show the user data for human readability and ud# or ud## is used.
Delivery reportsThe SMS specification allows for delivery reports. These are requested using the srr bit. However, as these do not work in the UK yet they are not fully implemented in this application. If anyone has a telco that does implement these, please let me know. BT in the UK have a non standard way to do this by starting the message with *0#, and so this application may have a UK specific bodge in the near future to handle these.
The main changes that are proposed for delivery report handling are :-
- New queues for sent messages, one file for each destination address and message reference.
- New field in message format, user reference, allowing applications to tie up their original message with a report.
- Handling of the delivery confirmation/rejection and connecting to the outgoing message - the received message file would then have fields for the original outgoing message and user reference allowing applications to handle confirmations better.
Usage in various countries
|France Telecom
|KPN Telecom
|CreditFUN Media (1)
|not available
|South Africa
|Telkom (2)
- Accept currently only SMS for and from dutch phone
- Only for SMS to and from south-african phones
UKIn the UK, British Telecom provide BTText. There is no charge for having the servic available. Sending incurs a charge per message delivered and there is no charge for messages received. The servcie works on PSTN, ISDN2 and ISDN30 services. As normal, caller display or CLIP services are needed to receive messages. You need to send a message containing register to 00000 to register to allow incoming messages as data, other wise messages will be read out as a normal phone call. Texts to 00000 are FREE
Outgoing SMS number 1709400X
Incoming SMS number 080058752X0
To unregister, Dial 08005875252 Options 1, then 5
Default sub address 9
- BT do not support srr, pid or rp.
- BT do not work correctly for UK numbers with international format (i.e. +44 prefix). Use national format instead
- A few mobiles cannot yet text to landlines (Virgin and BT Mobile)
- Until registered, incoming SMS will call you and read the message to you (text to speech)
- You have to register each sub address separately
- For DDI you need to register each DDI separately
- For DDI you need to try a few times to get the registration to stick. Send reset to 00000 a few times. Using #2# does not help. DDI are not even supposed to work on BT.
There are also some prefixes that can be used on messages
Example: smsq 07956123456 *0# Message
Example for DDIs: smsq -q <YOURDDI> 00000 register - (the DDI on our ISDN Bris is the last 6 digits of our the number, using the entire number wouldn't work.)
*0# Request delivery report
*3# Force message to be delivered as speech (if to a landline number)
It is also possible to send messages to 00000 which control operation.
register To register your line (Normally automatic)
reset To reset your line (pretty much does the same as register)
test Sends something back by way of a test result.
*1# Future forced text to speech messages will not be accepted
#1# Cancel above
*2# All messages will be text to speech
#2# All messages will be sent as text
Republic of Ireland (IRL)
Outgoing SMS number 17409900
Incoming SMS number 08183651350
- Registering a landline for SMS works by sending the first SMS.
- SMS from landlines works national only
- Both ISDN and PSTN have been tested
- For DDI you need to register each DDI separately
SMS with T-Com (German Telekom)app_sms is adequate to send and receive short messages if you are a Deutsche Telekom customer. It is the same protocol BT uses (ETSI ES 201 912).
Send outgoing messages to 0193010. Incoming messages can be identified by the callerId 01930100.
Registering a MSN for SMS works by sending a SMS to a specific number.
If registration has been successfull, messages send by fixed line or D1 phones will be transmitted as SMS.
Outgoing SMS are forwarded to any german mobile network.
Some information can be found here:
German Telekom Specification (1TR140 V3.0) (363 KB PDF Format, German Language)
SMS Configuration and registration for customers of german telekom (german language)
Sending messages is well documented at voip-info. For incoming messages I had to use something like this:
The following worked for me, using ISDN-CAPI:
exten = 0193010,1,Goto(smsmotx,${CALLERIDNUM},1)
; handle incoming SMS only (from 01930100)
exten => _X.,1,GotoIf($[X${CALLERIDNUM} = X01930100]?smsmorx,${EXTEN},1:10)
; incoming
exten => _X.,1,Verbose(Receiving SMS from ${CALLERIDNUM})
exten => _X.,2,Answer
exten => _X.,3,Wait(1)
exten => _X.,4,SMS(sms_fixedline,a)
exten => _X.,5,Hangup
; outgoing
exten => _X.,1,SMS(${smsFrom},s,${EXTEN},${smsText}) ; Create an SMS
exten => _X.,2,SMS(${smsFrom},s) ; Send queued SMS
exten => _X.,3,Hangup~/np~
exten = 0193010,1,Goto(smsmotx,${CALLERIDNUM},1)
; handle incoming SMS only (from 01930100)
exten => _X.,1,GotoIf($[X${CALLERIDNUM} = X01930100]?smsmorx,${EXTEN},1:10)
; incoming
exten => _X.,1,Verbose(Receiving SMS from ${CALLERIDNUM})
exten => _X.,2,Answer
exten => _X.,3,Wait(1)
exten => _X.,4,SMS(sms_fixedline,a)
exten => _X.,5,Hangup
; outgoing
exten => _X.,1,SMS(${smsFrom},s,${EXTEN},${smsText}) ; Create an SMS
exten => _X.,2,SMS(${smsFrom},s) ; Send queued SMS
exten => _X.,3,Hangup~/np~
For sending, I changed the following line in smsq.c:
*motxchannel = "CAPI/ISDN1/0193010",
Bezeq (Israel) land line SMS
You will need the following patch (at least until it gets into the mainline):
Note: The above example for for Germany would probably work without using the patch.
The service center numbers are:
Outgoing: 14974800
Incoming: 036809900
Belgacom (Belgium) with ISDN-2 (BRI) and chan_capiSee also this Belgacom document.
; SMS reception
; Belgacom fixed line SM-SC identifies as 0171701 when sending
; so let's apply the anti-ex-girlfriend solution to detect the SM-SC calling us
exten => 21234567/0171701,1,Verbose(Receiving SMS from ${CALLERIDNUM})
exten => 21234567/0171701,2,Answer
exten => 21234567/0171701,3,Wait(1)
exten => 21234567/0171701,4,SMS(sms_fixedline,a)
exten => 21234567/0171701,5,Hangup
; the received message can be found in /var/spool/asterisk/sms/
; as well as in /var/log/asterisk/sms
; create and send a text message, expects number+message and ...
; ... connect to the SMSC at 171700 (for receiving your message)
; this context is to be used by a .call file or thru the manager API!
exten => _X.,1,GotoIf($[${CALLERIDNUM:0:2} = 00]?2:4)
exten => _X.,2,SMS(${CALLERIDNUM},,+${EXTEN:2},${CALLERIDNAME}) ; international msg with +
exten => _X.,3,Goto(5)
exten => _X.,4,SMS(${CALLERIDNUM},,${EXTEN},${CALLERIDNAME}) ; national msg with 0
exten => _X.,5,SMS(${CALLERIDNUM})
exten => _X.,6,Hangup
exten => s,1,Verbose(Catching a SMS sending error... hangup!)
exten => s,2,Hangup
.call file:
- Using the CAPI channel with 021234567 as outgoing MSN and dialing the SMSC at 171700
- (Not sure if you have to disable echosquelch and echocancel in /etc/asterisk/capi.conf)
Context: smsdial
- The addressee's phone number goes into the 'Extension:'
Priority: 1
- Alternatively you can specify just an application
- and its arguments to be run, instead of a context
- extension and priority
- Application: SMS
- Data: arguments
- Both message text and my own caller ID go into 'Callerid:'
- (Not sure if you can use + followed by the international phone country code here.)
FranceOutgoing messages are sent to 0809101000
If sending to a fixed phone in France, an 11th digit is needed, the subaddress. If not given, it will be taken as zero by default, which causes the message to be read audibly with a cute French accent ("ello wairld") instead of delivered as SMS. Note that no 11th digit is needed for SMS sent to mobiles. All mobile numbers in France begin with 06. The fixed to mobile SMS are supposed to work with all mobile providers, Orange, Bouyges and SFR. I have tested only with Orange.
Incoming SMS arrive from CID 01410049X0
(where X is the subaddress, 0 to 9)
Incoming SMS are put in /var/spool/asterisk/sms/mtrx/ by the SMS application, with names like default.2004-12-31T16:41:39-3
Since the s/callerid syntax doesn't work for me for some reason - (I think CALLERID is not known yet), I used this GoTo which is "dirty" but works:
; ZAP calls on this line come here:
exten => s,1,NoOp(whatever)
exten => s,2,GotoIf($[${CALLERIDNUM:0:8} = ${SMS_INCOMING:0:8}]?smsrecv,s,1)
;;; rest of normal calls here
exten => s,1,Answer
exten => s,2,Wait(1)
exten => s,3,NoOp(Receiving SMS from ${CALLERIDNUM})
exten => s,4,SMS(default|a)
exten => s,5,Hangup()
I edited smsq on line 413 to use the number of our French outgoing SMS server (sm-sc):
- motxchannel = "ZAP/1/0809101000",
Now, outgoing SMS can the be sent like this:
- smsq 0612345678 "hello world"
It can also be overridden using the command line argument and no editing or compiling is necessary.
- smsq --motx-channel=ZAP/1/0809101000 0612345678 "hello world"
You can also create a .call file:
Channel: ZAP/1/0809101000
MaxRetries: 1
RetryTime: 60
WaitTime: 30
Context: smsdial
Extension: 0612345678
Priority: 1
SetVar: MSG=Bonjour monde
exten => _X.,1,SetAccount(SMS)
exten => _X.,2,Answer
exten => _X.,3,SMS(default,,${EXTEN},${MSG})
exten => _X.,4,SMS(default)
exten => _X.,5,Hangup
SwitzerlandThe SMSC number is 0622100000.
Example with smsq:
smsq --motx-channel='Zap/g1/0622100000' XXXXXXXXX 'Hello World'
Allthough, while using Asterisk 1.2, the message is sent many times at each sending.
South AfricaDisclaimer: Currently this is only theory, I haven't tested the service with Asterisk
Not even sure (yet) if the SMSC even uses ETSI ES 201 912
Outgoing SMSC : 1091969
Incoming SMSC : 0881091969
Incoming SMSC : 0881091969
BackgroundTelkom offers a fixed-line SMS service called Telkom Home SMS available with fixed-line to fixed-line SMSs costing 30c per message and fixed-line to mobile SMSs costing 45c per message.
Requirements for Telkom's SMS
- A Telkom Analogue or ISDN Basic Rate Line.
- Telkom IdentiCall for Calling Line Identification (CLI).
- Phone 10219 or 10217 to activate the IdentiCall Service (R26.62 + R9.85 p/m) and SMS Service (free)
- SMSC numbers are 1091969 for sending and 0881091969 for receiving
- Currently you cannot send SMS to any international destination or a premium rated service.
- Currently you cannot receive a SMS message from abroad i.e. International SMS.
- SMS over ISDN PRI is currently not available.
Useful links
- FAQ and Manual for setting up a Telkom Easy SMS Modem
- Send & Receive SMSs using an ISDN BRA Line and a PC
- Telkom's SMS FAQ
SpainThe SMSC number is:
(+34) 609090909 -> Movistar (Telefónica Móviles)
(+34) 656000311 -> Orange (Amena/Retevisión)
TroubleshootingUnsuccessful send attempt
If you see Asterisk CLI output as shown below then you most probably got your SMSC number wrong. You might need to add a 1 or 0 to the published SMS Center number, or else do some reading on what exactly your provider expects. If you still find your message in the "me-sc..." directory, if there is no new entry in the log file, and/or if your Asterisk CLI output looks like below then your attempt wasn't sucessful
... many more of these lines follow and you'll need to restart Asterisk ...
Successful send attempt
There is no file left in the "me-sc..." directory, we have a new log entry in /var/log/asterisk/sms where the second column carries a Y to indicate that the remote SM-SC liked what you have sent, and the Asterisk CLI displays this:
-- Executing SMS("CAPI[contr1/021234567]/7", "021234567") in new stack
Sep 27 21:42:55 NOTICE[25614]: pbx_spool.c:242 attempt_thread: Call completed to CAPI/021234567:171700
See also
- chan_mobile: Comes with MobileSendSMS() for mobile phones connected via Bluetooth
- Asterisk FASTSMS - global SMS send command (commercial)
- Implementation example
- bug 1437
- http://www.smsclient.org/
- Asterisk cmd sendtext: Send a SIP MESSAGE text
- ZIM-SMS; dial plan and voicemail integration
- Tangaza A mobile phone-based group messaging system using Asterisk, Kannel and Django (Python) (PDF)
- Bulk SMS
Go back to Asterisk - documentation of application commands
Created by: JustRumours, Last modification: Sun 06 of Apr, 2014 (23:19 UTC) by admin
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|Henrik Schröder <skro...@gmail.com>
|Re: Question regarding major compaction.
|Tue, 01 May 2012 11:31:14 GMT
But what's the difference between doing an extra read from that One Big File, than doing an extra read from whatever SSTable happen to be largest in the course of automatic minor compaction? We have a pretty update-heavy application, and doing a major compaction can remove up to 30% of the used diskspace. That directly translates into less reads and less SSTables that rows appear in. Everything that's unchanged since the last major compaction is obviously faster to access, and everything that's changed since the last major compaction is about the same as if we hadn't done it? So I'm still confused. I don't see a significant difference between doing the occasional major compaction or leaving it to do automatic minor compactions. What am I missing? Reads will "continually degrade" with automatic minor compactions as well, won't they? I can sort of see that if you have a moving active data set, then that will most probably only exist in the smallest SSTables and frequently be the object of minor compactions, and doing a major compaction will move all of it into the biggest SSTables? /Henrik On Mon, Apr 30, 2012 at 05:35, aaron morton <email@example.com> wrote: > Depends on your definition of significantly, there are a few things to > consider. > > * Reading from SSTables for a request is a serial operation. Reading from > 2 SSTables will take twice as long as 1. > > * If the data in the One Big File™ has been overwritten, reading it is a > waste of time. And it will continue to be read until it the row is > compacted away. > > * You will need to get min_compaction_threshold (CF setting) SSTables that > big before automatic compaction will pickup the big file. > > On the other side: Some people do report getting value from nightly major > compactions. They also manage their cluster to reduce the impact of > performing the compactions. > > Hope that helps. > > ----------------- > Aaron Morton > Freelance Developer > @aaronmorton > http://www.thelastpickle.com > > On 26/04/2012, at 9:37 PM, Fredrik wrote: > > Exactly, but why would reads be significantly slower over time when > including just one more, although sometimes large, SSTable in the read? > > Ji Cheng skrev 2012-04-26 11:11: > > I'm also quite interested in this question. Here's my understanding on > this problem. > > 1. If your workload is append-only, doing a major compaction shouldn't > affect the read performance too much, because each row appears in one > sstable anyway. > > 2. If your workload is mostly updating existing rows, then more and more > columns will be obsoleted in that big sstable created by major compaction. > And that super big sstable won't be compacted until you either have another > 3 similar-sized sstables or start another major compaction. But I am not > very sure whether this will be a major problem, because you only end up > with reading one more sstable. Using size-tiered compaction against > mostly-update workload itself may result in reading multiple sstables for a > single row key. > > Please correct me if I am wrong. > > Cheng > > > On Thu, Apr 26, 2012 at 3:50 PM, Fredrik < > firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote: > >> In the tuning documentation regarding Cassandra, it's recomended not to >> run major compactions. >> I understand what a major compaction is all about but I'd like an in >> depth explanation as to why reads "will continually degrade until the next >> major compaction is manually invoked". >> >> From the doc: >> "So while read performance will be good immediately following a major >> compaction, it will continually degrade until the next major compaction is >> manually invoked. For this reason, major compaction is NOT recommended by >> DataStax." >> >> Regards >> /Fredrik >> > > > >
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