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Oblivion Director Joseph Kosinski on the Evolution of His Sci-Fi World
Universal Pictures' Oblivion is Joseph Kosinski's follow-up to his first feature Tron: Legacy, but the director always intended the sci-fi film to be his debut.
"I wrote the first version of this story about eight years ago," he told Spinoff Online and other journalists last week. At the time, he expected the film to be a much smaller concept with a much smaller budget. The Sky Tower apartment was the primary set, and much of the action took place off screen. "I never imagined that I'd be able to make it on this scale."
"It's the same story I wrote, despite the spectacle of the final product," Kosinski continued. Instead of a small science fiction thought piece, Oblivion became a major feature with major stars Tom Cruise and Morgan Freeman, location shoots in New York and Iceland, and full-scale props like the Bubble Ship. In the film, Cruise plays Tom Harper, a drone repairman fixing anti-gravity robotic sentries as the remnants of the human race prepare to leave Earth forever. Although the project grew as it developed into a vehicle for Cruise, it remained a story about Jack's flight toward redemption.
The drones themselves were inspired by a spy droid from Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back. "It was the most terrifying thing," Kosinski said.
"It's interesting how the news seems to parallel the entertainment business," he laughed when asked if the drones were a comment on the U.S. military's use of the controversial aircraft. While it is not a deliberate connection, the director said the film explores man's relationship with technology. "It's something we need to be wary of."
Meanwhile, the drones — sleek and mostly covered in white plastic — are part of the film's striking sense of style. Coming from a background in industrial design and architecture, Kosinski wanted all the technology on display to feel as though it came from the same "design family." Utilizing most of the design team from Tron, the distinctive look of everything from the drones to the Sky Tower almost becomes another character in the film. "It makes sense when you see the film," the director teased.
The post-apocalyptic setting was also part of Kosinski's initial version, but he looked for a twist on that familiar territory. Inspired by science fiction films of the1960s and '70s, he noticed a shift in the '80s. "After Alien, science fiction went into a dark place of deep space and dark ships." With Oblivion, he sought to "bring science fiction back out into the daylight." Also taking cues from the Planet of the Apes series and The Omega Man, he was intrigued by the juxtaposition of the world we know set against the transformed landscape Iceland provided. "We've seen so many green-gray, dusty, brown post-apocalyptic worlds, [I thought] it would be fun to see something with color and brightness," he said.
Shooting that color and light was director of photography Claudio Miranda, who recently won an Oscar for his work on Life of Pi. "He's an incredible artist, but he's also a technician," Kosinski said of his cinematographer, who also shot Tron: Legacy. As an example, the director explained his desire to shoot the film without the use of blue screen. "On Tron, we talked about how great it would be not to use [it]," he said. Beyond the time and money he could save, the director wanted his actors to be more a part of the sci-fi world around them. On Oblivion, Miranda brought a high-definition front projection process to the production. When shooting scenes in the Sky Tower or the Bubble Ship, the actors can see the setting Kosinski intended. As an added incentive, the reflected light from the projected footage lit the actors with the correct level of interaction. "You get a connection between the actors and the environment that you could never get with blue screen," he explained, giving credit to Miranda for making the system work.
But that sort of technical prowess is only one aspect of filmmaking. Asked what his favorite moment in the film was, the director mentioned his fondness for the power of a non-dialogue sequence combined with great music. It was a technique used by the late Stanley Kubrick, and Kosinski pointed to a moment in the film in which Jack and his handler Vika (played by Andrea Riseborough) go for a moonlight skinny dip in their elevated glass-bottom pool. "There are a couple of moments in the movie where we get to do that," he said. "I love to sprinkle a film with moments like that."
The music of that scene was the work of M83, a band the director discovered with their 2005 album Dead Cities, Red Seas & Lost Ghosts. "They were relatively unknown then," he said. "but I remember listing when I wrote the treatment." Because Kosinski had a great experience working with Daft Punk on Tron: Legacy, he wanted to find another artist from outside the film business to create the score. "Anthony [Gonzalez of M83] always wanted to do a film score," he said. "It's a more complex film than Tron. It's got so many different types of scenes, but considering that it's his first film, he did a phenomenal job."
Another unusual aspect of the film was Kosinski's decision not to shoot it in 3D or convert it in post-production. According to the director, the 3D process cannot produce the level of brightness he wanted. "I knew I wanted to make this daylight science fiction film," he explained. "Your eyes react differently at low [light] levels, so you don't get the saturation." The darkness of the 3D processes would also leave out much of the color information and detail Kosinski wanted. "I felt by going to 3D, I'd be compromising too much," he continued. Instead, he was impressed by a new 4K high definition format that captured greater detail which was important for the amount of close-ups, particularly of eyes, in the film. Kosinski mentioned he was getting congratulated around the world for his decision to make a 2D film.
Oblivion opens Friday.
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Crowdsource Recipe Testing: January 21st
Hi all! I hope you all had a nice weekend. We were definitely productive around the house – though what started as a quest to find a chair turned into buying a new living room set!
Today I'm back again with another crowdsource recipe testing post! This is becoming one of my favorite posts, mostly because I get to justify all of my hours spent staring at vegan 'food porn' on the interwebs. Here's the best-looking recipes I came across this week:
French Lentil Soup w/Tomatoes, Tarragon, & Garlic – I'm a huge lentil fan and the pictures of this are just fantastic. If it tastes even half as good as it looks it might be my new favorite dish. (Image Credit: The First Mess)
Vegan 'Bacon' Maple Bars – These need to be in my belly like 5 minutes ago.
Mint Chocolate Mint Avocado Layer Cake – Lots of my favorites going on here: Avocado, Chocolate, and Mint. Plus it's raw so it's gotta be healthy, right? (Image Credit: Pure2Raw)
Vegan Miso Butternut Squash Ramen – And I thought Ramen was just for college kids – this elevates the dish to a completely different level.
Chocolate Peanut Chipotle Cookies – Spicy chocolate, what more could I ask for?
If you get a chance to try out any of these recipes let me know how it goes! I really want to try the cookies and the lentil soup – hopefully I can find enough time to do that this week!
Oh, one last thing: I finally got around to making that caramelized onion bacon dip. It was AMAZING!
Did you make any of the recipes from last week?

subset: commoncrawl


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Immune systems deficient regulators may be behind type 1diabetesJanuary 25th, 2008 - 1:44 pm ICT by admin
Washington, Jan 25 (ANI): Scientists at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre have revealed that deficient regulators in the immune system might be responsible for type 1 diabetes.
Dr. Ciriaco Piccirillo, a researcher in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the principal investigator, said that the main regulators of the immune system, called CD4+Treg cells, are thought to be highly involved in a large range of immune diseases.
In the study, he found that the gradual reduction in their regulating capacity seems to play a critical role in the onset of type 1diabetes.
The regulation of the immune system is important so that it attacks only the site of an inflammation and focuses its attack on pathogens rather than on the body tissues, causing an autoimmune disease.
In a healthy person, CD4+Treg cells deactivate any T lymphocytes, a type of immune cell, that are misprogrammed and could attack the body.
The study indicates that in type 1 diabetic patients this control mechanism may be deficient, thereby allowing the misprogrammed T lymphocytes to proliferate and gain the ability to destroy the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas, which leads to type 1 diabetes.
We have been able to demonstrate this in mice with type 1 diabetes, and other genetic studies have shown that this same mechanism is applicable to humans, said Dr. Piccirillo. Dr Piccirillo is an assistant professor at the McGill University, and the Canada Research Chair in Regulatory Lymphocytes of the Immune System.
Furthermore, the predominant role of nTreg cells leads us to believe that they are also involved in other autoimmune pathologies. Finding this common denominator among diseases that were previously thought to be unrelated is a very promising avenue for future study, he added.
Although CD4+Treg cells mechanism has not yet been completely unravelled, the researchers generally accept that this mechanism is of crucial importance to the entire immune system.
Currently, major fundamental and applied research efforts are being directed down this path and aim to clarify the role of CD4+Treg cells in order to develop innovative cellular therapies that could restore immune stability in patients.
The eventual hope is to treat the cause of type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases and not just their symptoms, as we do today,Dr Piccirillo said.
This study was published this month in the journal Diabetes. (ANI)
Tags: autoimmune disease, body tissues, canada research chair, common denominator, control mechanism, critical role, diabetic patients, genetic studies, healthy person, immune cell, immune diseases, immune systems, mcgill university health, mcgill university health centre, microbiology and immunology, pathologies, predominant role, t lymphocytes, type 1 diabetes, university health centre


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Things besides the Sidewalk Sale
There was a lot happening on the local blogs this week besides the Sidewalk Sale, so I thought I'd round up those gems - though the sale did make its way in a tiny bit. Here's what's going on:
• As always, Larryville Artists helps keep Lawrencians up on the art scene, local and otherwise. Check out today's post about artists Molly Murphy and Clare Doveton's display at the Landmark Bank on 6th and Wakarusa streets. Also get a little recap on yesterday's Sidewalk Sale.
• Local Italian food gem the Basil Leaf Cafe has been making the Internet rounds, as The Pitch describes the restaurant's latest evolution from tiny, hole-in-the-gas-station-wall to a grown up location (also mentioned in this week's Off The Beaten Plate).
Photo by Sara Shepherd
• Speaking of Lawrence restaurants, amongst the hubbub of the Sidewalk Sale, The Roost opened for breakfast and food photos populated the Lawrence Twitterverse: here, here and here.
• Always wanted to make wax batik? Want to find out what wax batik is? Well, attend this wax batik workshop Saturday at the Percolator (it's a pretty cool form of art).
• The fashion blogs bring us trucker hats and aviators on Style on the Hill and Kansas Couture goes vintage with patriotic square heels.
• In photo blogs, Lawrence-based photographer, Travis Young, posted a beautiful photo of the sky on campus on his blog and Heck Yes Lawrence, Kansas has shots of Free State Brewery (among other locations). Also, Britt Ernst posted this wistful photo taken in Lawrence.
Submit it to The Lasso
What's going on around town? Got a blog, or know of a cool event, a Lawrence-related meme, fun facts or generally interesting happenings? Tell me about it! Email me or follow me on Twitter.
The Lasso: Sudeikis/Wilde wedding update, 'The Voice,' gluten-free goodies and a 'Downton Abbey' tea
A New York wedding
Maybe their KU basketball fandom wasn't enough to lure Kansas native Jason Sudeikis and his fiancee actress Olivia Wilde back here for their wedding, as a few early rumors indicated might be the case. In the latest update, the New York Post reported this week that the wedding will be in upstate New York next spring. The latest US Weekly (or was it a different tabloid I was reading at the gym...?) also ran a picture of the two at a recent Knicks game and quoted Wilde gushing about how great a New York wedding would be. (Side note: One might think Sudeikis would wear a Knicks hat to a Knicks game. Nope.)
The Voice?
According to show producers, KU student Caroline Glaser made it through blind auditions — the first elimination round — on the television show, "The Voice." Our KU reporter, Matt Erickson, posted an update on his blog earlier this week. She's not listed as a current student, but at least one source reported she withdrew to shoot for a music career. Her song? "Tiny Dancer." Watch the video here.
A spot of tea
The local Daughters of the British Empire chapter is planning a "Downton Abbey"-themed tea May 4 at the Castle Tea Room. Attendees will dine on finger sandwiches, tea breads and scones with jam and clotted cream (yum!), and are encouraged to wear hats or dress in character.
Almond (flour) joy
Java Break is now selling bulk almond flour. Yes, that seems like a weird thing to pick up with a cup of coffee, but there's actually a good explanation. Java Break has been making its own almond milk for a while. They're now using those almonds to make flour, too, and using that to make their gluten-free raspberry and blackberry matrimonials and peanut butter cookies. For gluten-free home cooks, the extra flour is for sale at $5 for a quarter pound.
Last chance
Best of Lawrence voting ends today! If you haven't already taken the survey (and you can only take it once), here's the link.
The Lasso: Beer run, beet burgers, cake art and animal rights
Your weekly roundup of Lawrence food, art and other items of interest from the web.
Animal guy
Famous animal activist and author of "Farm Sanctuary: Changing Hearts and Minds About Animals and Food" Gene Baur is appearing in Lawrence Saturday at the Burge Union. He's a keynote speaker at the Great Plains Conference on Animals and the Environment.
Brew to Brew
Thousands of runners will tag-team 44.4 miles from Kansas City's Boulevard Brewery to Lawrence's Free State Brewery Sunday for the annual Brew to Brew relay. Beer is an excellent recovery drink, asserts relay ambassador Ashley Austin, who shares her top 10 post-run brews on the relay Website. (I personally feel that running Brew to Brew without at least a little pre-race beer is missing the whole point. It may be 7:30 a.m. but a free pour of Boulevard at the starting line really helps you get in the right spirit.)
Beets are the new...
I picked Teller's Field Favour for this week's Lawrence Libation, thinking a cocktail made with beets was pretty far-out. The Burger Stand also is using the bright red root veggie in its latest special, a burger patty made of beets and rice.
Cake art
Up there with "La Pia de' Tolomei," Wayne Thiebaud's "Around the Cake" is probably one of the best-loved paintings at the Spencer Museum of Art. But that's not his only cake painting. At least one other Thiebaud is featured in a new cookbook from San Francisco Museum of Modern Art baker Caitlin Freeman, "Modern Art Desserts: Recipes for Cakes, Cookies, Confections, and Frozen Treats Based on Iconic Works of Art." Some of her recipes are only conceptually inspired by artworks. But her real-life version of Thiebaud's "Chocolate Cake" is a dead-ringer for the original. (Hat tip to the Spencer's Facebook page for sharing this link!)
"The Story of Luke"
The New York Times reviewed this movie, Lawrence native Alonso Mayo's first feature-length film. It's a story inspired by personal experience that's opening in 18 cities nationwide tonight, including a one-time screening at Liberty Hall.
Burger watch
About 200 people have now weighed in on our "Best Burger" Facebook post — including at least one person who says Burger King serves the best burgers in Lawrence. Cast a vote that actually counts by taking the official 2013 Best of Lawrence online survey.
The Lasso: St. Pat's food specials, cookies and cream milk, Coffee Ale and a guy named Prester John
This week's roundup is heavy on the food and drink. Between St. Patrick's Day and March Madness, there's a lot of that going around.
Eats o' the Irish
A few of the Irish-inspired food specials I've spotted: There's Celtic ale bread, Irish soda bread and shamrock cookies at Wheatfields. Those are only available until Sunday, but Wheatfields is serving Corned Beef and Cabbage all month. Billy Vanilly has created Green Velvet Cupcakes. Sunday afternoon only, there's going to be traditional Irish stew at the Bourgeois Pig. At Dempsey's, opening at 9:30 a.m. Sunday, get corned beef and hash for breakfast and mini Reuben sliders braised in Guinness throughout the day. (If you know of other special St. Pat's eats, help your fellow Lawrencians and add links in the comments!)
St. Patio Show
I'm having a hard time visualizing the Replay patio as shiny and new, but it is (though probably not for long). They've been doing construction over the winter, and the new patio is ready to be christened with a weekend of partying. On Saturday, there's Fake Patrick's Day Prom (a benefit for the Social Service League), and on Sunday the St. Patio Show (music starts at 3 p.m.).
Coffee Ale
Boulevard didn't make Chocolate Ale this year but instead collaborated with the Roasterie of Kansas City, Mo., to create Coffee Ale. The Smokestack Series special release is expected to hit shelves Tuesday.
The Miracle Shot
NCAA March Madness is here, and the Oread and Eldridge picked their monthly "cause" drink to suit — the Miracle Shot Martini. This version of Mario's Miracle is a layer of red, a layer of blue and a yellow twist, and $3 from each $10 drink goes to the Mario V. Chalmers Foundation. The foundation's mission, according to its website, is "to create and support community based programs that encourage the positive development of youth through sports and education and fund initiatives for breast cancer research and treatment."
Cookies and Cream milk
Iwig Dairy's milk flavor of the month for March is Cookies and Cream. To see the cows this milk comes from in action, the dairy also is starting up its spring farm tours, with the next one coming Wednesday.
Cy the crotchet needle guy
I wrote about Cy the Drum Guy of Baldwin last fall while he was building a giant drum for the Kansas City Chiefs. In addition to his usual drums and didgeridoos, Cy is now making other wooden stuff and selling it on Etsy. Knitters (and people in the market for tiny looms), take note.
Who was Prester John?
If you made it to Nerd Nite on Tuesday, you already know. For the rest of us, Larryville Chronicles and Larryville Artists have shared recaps so we, too, know the answer to this question.
The Lasso: Bad Religion, barbecue burritos and burlesque to sketch
Spotted, sharing:
Sweet Bad Religion coasters
Bad Religion plays Granada April 8. If you're on the fence about whether to go, consider this: An Instagram post from the theater promises people who get their tickets early at the box office can get a pair of these "sweet" coasters.
Carolina style barbecue ... burritos?
Frank's North Star Tavern posted on its Facebook page that Mr. Bacon BBQ — the food truck — will be at the bar from 5-8 p.m. tonight. Frank's also is claiming Mr. Bacon serves barbecue burritos with coleslaw. I haven't verified that, but if it's true they sound awesome.
10 alcohol related world records
Have you ever wondered what the world's most expensive cocktail is? I hadn't — until I saw a tease to this article on Twitter (via @kcwineguy). Now I know.
Burlesque drawing with Bunny Baltimore
I love that our local artists and our local burlesque troupe team up for events like this and the "Sketch Teases" at Seed Co. Studios. The Larryville Artists blog this week posted pic's of a few Alphonse Mucha-inspired tableaus from the Thieves Guild's monthly burlesque drawing event at Fatso's.
Get ready for 'Foodie Fiction'
Bon Appetit shares seven novels "for those of us who like to read, eat, and read about eating. Many of them, to my surprise, combine food and history with murder (will the gastro-thriller emerge as the breakway category?). And of course, love."
Feature of the week: "What Love Is"
"She kept not dying. He was born different. Her parents wished for a normal life. This is their love." That was The Washington Post's Twitter tease for this beautiful story. It didn't disappoint.
- DA's new women-only diversion program aims to close 'revolving door of incarceration' fueled by addiction March 19, 2018 · 2 comments
- Letter to the editor: More guns needed March 16, 2018 · 88 comments
- Opinion: Tillerson's insubordination meant he had to go March 17, 2018 · 13 comments
- Affordable housing project seeks to add small homes to existing neighborhoods; that won't be easy March 19, 2018 · 6 comments
- Letter to the editor: Health, safety threat March 15, 2018 · 13 comments
- $2 billion estimate for Kansas public schools shocks lawmakers; consultants' accuracy questioned March 16, 2018 · 39 comments
- 'Guns are not worth more than children's lives': One month after Florida massacre, students in Lawrence join national walkout March 14, 2018 · 61 comments
- Editorial: Gun control an uphill battle March 16, 2018 · 23 comments
- Letter to the editor: Change our culture March 8, 2018 · 82 comments
- Letter to the editor: Massacre blame March 14, 2018 · 42 comments


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Test Your Brain With the Toughest Tongue Twister Ever
Try saying this 10 times fast: "pad kid poured curd pulled cod." If you can do it, a team of scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) just might give you a prize. The team has been researching tongue twisters, those seemingly simple words or phrases that when spoken quickly and repeatedly make our brains stumble and our tongues get tangled. The researchers are interested in what tongue-twister errors can tell us about how our brains process speech. The …


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Tag Archives: waste
Putting the Obamacare website and rollout in perspective. We won a world war quicker
I'm doing my part keeping the letter written to FOX news alive. It went viral when Baier read it on air. What was so great was how it put just in perspective how badly Obama's administration truly is when dealing … Continue reading


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Provoking not PC
Sermon John 2:13-22
St Augustine's 10.30am 23rd March 2003
Politically Correct…
PC Joke
Jesus not PC –
Visiting temple – the one centre of worship for Jews.
Busy pilgrimage – Passover.
Selling animals for sacrifice.
Chases people out
Jesus isn't PC – passionate about something
Look more at the story – then and now…
! Jesus Then
Want you to put yourself in the shoes of the disciples.
How would you feel? shouting, whip, slinging tables.
Depends what kind of person you are - Uncomfortable, embarrassed, excited.
"Why is he doing this?"
Jesus obviously seeing things from a very different perspective…
what was that perspective…?
! Knew God as a person, as his Father
v16 "Get those doves out of here, don't make my Father's house a market place!"
One of the most distinctive things about Jesus, called God his Father. "Our Father…"
Knew God as a person, not as some theory.
Many people today don't recognise that. Outside the church, some people inside church too. That's what's on offer.
Because Jesus knew God as his Father that he got so angry.
! Jesus and Us today
How do you feel when you read this passage?
Is Jesus someone you want to follow after reading this?
Like the disciples, a lot of us uncomfortable, embarrassed even. maybe some of us excited.
Whatever you feel, good. Glad you feel that way. The only thing I'd be worried about is if you don't feel anything. Blank.
Why do I say that? Jesus …to provoke us. John … to provoke us.
Provoke us to think about what's really important. central.
Sometimes we have this idea that Jesus came along to uphold the status quo, to tell people to be nice to each other.
This passage teaches us that's totally wrong.
Jesus came to totally revolutionise people's relationship with God. "Father"
Another bit of the story that makes that same point.
When Jewish leaders … ask Jesus to do a miracle.
Coversation about destroying the temple. 3 days. 46 years.
v21 "But Jesus was talking about his body as a temple."
Grand scheme of things, temple isn't that important.
There's a way far more important than the temple. Standing here now.
Sounded like heresy at the time. (Provoke)
He was so right. 40 years after … was no temple. Jews have had no temple since then.
But Jesus is still changing people's lives.
Jesus didn't come to uphold the status quo. Far to passionate 'nice'
So as Christians, as followers of Jesus we need to be willing to be provoked.
way we've done things in the past isn't always appropriate
from time to time to step back and ask the question why do we do things the way we do them? services / welcome / other churches.
Clive – Challenge us to see things from a new perspective.
Think Helen will be good at that too. Willing to be provoked…
Oak Hill students. Training full of ideas about how to run a church. Some things disagree with. That's ok, provoked to think.
to finish, I want us to bring us back to Jesus.
Not way we do things, not Clive, not Helen, not Oak Hill students.
Challenge you to allow yourself to be provoked by him.
Toady, when you hear/read Bible, when you have a decision to make.
Jesus taught us about what is really central.
Doesn't just uphold the status quo


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Feira de Artesanato de Ipanema
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Feira de Artesanato de Ipanema Rio de Janeiro Reviews
417 reviews
Haggling? Will it be there next time? Apr 11, 2012
This review is either for the Hippie Fair or for another flea market-esque place I went to on Copacabana beach while I was there in 2005:
I am so not the queen of haggling. I tried to haggle a price for a peice of leather that had a map of the Caribbean and Brazil burned into it. I knew I would not find this particular map anywhere else (they had a variety of maps of South America and Brazil, but few that included the Caribbean). I couldn't get it down to a price I was comfortable with (and now-a-days, I could probably afford it; not as broke as I was a few years ago). I said I'd come back another time and I did, but it was gone.
If you travel somewhere and don't plan to go back or don't know how long it will be before you go back, grab an item you'd like when you see it. Be smart, haggle and try other places, but before you leave, settle on what you want.
Addendum: I went back to Rio 7 years after this year review and was able to get some great small paintings (was tempting to get a large one, they were affordable) and I bought a berimbau for R$ 65 (US$ 40). I loved it, but also wanted a pandero, but that sucker was about US$ 100 and I just couldn't do it. Great fare-full of magnets, clothing, jewelry, art and some other items. Hooray!
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84 reviews
Nov 12, 2006
This market is more commonly known as the Hippie Fair. It takes place on Sundays from 8am to 2pm in a big square in Ipanema. I believe the name "Hippie Fair" is leftover from 60s and 70s but besides a few items, it's not really a hippie fair. You can find anything here from all over the country- leather goods, jewelry, clothing, carvings, paintings and many other things. If you get there late, some vendors might be closing down their stalls so get there early if you want to do some serious shopping.
Things are generally cheap, but if you are traveling to other parts of Brazil, take note of the fact that many of the things will be cheaper (and sometimes better quality) in other places. Like any other handicraft market in Brazil, bargaining is expected here. What is really nice about the Hippie Fair is great selection of things they offer. Definitely make a stop here to pick up gifts and souvenirs and grab a bite to eat at one of the stalls!


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The sheriff's daughter / Kay Stockham.
Electronic resources
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Record details
- ISBN: 9781459212657 (electronic bk)
- Physical Description: 1 online resource.
- Publisher: [Place of publication not identified] : [publisher not identified], 2011.
Content descriptions
|Summary, etc.:
| They must obey the laws...of attraction!Deputy Liam McKenna is dreading the next two weeks. His assignment: watching over the sheriff's daughter, Carly Taggert. Liam has known Carly--and her knack for getting into trouble--since high school. With her kind heart and optimistic nature, she never intends that trouble, but it sure is attracted to her. He expects to be kept on his toes.What he doesn't expect is protecting her from himself.No one is more surprised by the intense passion between them than Liam. Still, nothing can ever happen. She's the boss's daughter and Liam's responsibility. He needs to be professional. At all times. Too bad Carly isn't about to make it easy for him.
|Reproduction Note:
| Electronic reproduction. Toronto, Ontario : Harlequin Superromance, 2011. Requires OverDrive Read (file size: N/A KB) or Adobe Digital Editions (file size: 370 KB) or Amazon Kindle (file size: N/A KB).
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Deputy Prime Minister Lal Kishenchand Advani on Friday announced that the National Democratic Alliance government had completed six years in power.
Addressing a press conference at a guest house of Raymonds in Yavatmal before beginning the 10th day of his Bharat Uday Yatra, the senior Bharatiya Janata Party leader expressed satisfaction with the achievements of the government and the path it has set India on.
India had entered the 21st Century with the burden of expectations after decades of despair and wasted opportunities. The NDA, he said, had infused fresh life and soul into the people, tapped the country's unrealised potential and got rid of the prevalent negative mindset.
Click here for the yatra route map
India, he said, has never been so serene, developed, confident, respected and at peace with itself since Independence.
He enumerated some highlights:1. Strengthening democracy, federalism2. Made Centre and States partners in development3. Successfully ensured security of India4. Changed focus of governance from regulation/control to facilitation5. Taken India out of crippling regime of shortages6. Inflation at modest levels7. Nurtured India's competitiveness in world economy8. 'Made in India' is something to be proud of9. Facilitated India's emergence as a knowledge centre of the world10. Integrated India physically with largest road-building programme11. Initiated a project to end water scarcity permanently, which will change the face of agriculture12. Linked overseas Indians to development of the motherlandComplete coverage of Advani's yatra


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Easter Greetings, Wallpapers, Comments & Glitter Scraps
Easter (Old English Ēostre; Latin: Pascha; Greek Πάσχα Paskha, the latter two derived from Hebrew: פֶּסַח Pesaḥ) is a Christian festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus Christ on the third day after his crucifixion at Calvary as described in the New Testament.[2][3] Easter is the culmination of the Passion of Christ, preceded by Lent, a forty-day period of fasting, prayer, and penance.
The last week of Lent is called Holy Week, and it contains the days of the Easter Triduum, including Maundy Thursday (also known as Holy Thursday), commemorating the Last Supper and its preceding foot washing, as well as Good Friday, commemorating the crucifixion and death of Jesus. Easter is followed by a fifty-day period called Eastertide, or the Easter Season, ending with Pentecost Sunday.
Easter is a moveable feast, meaning it is not fixed in relation to the civil calendar. The First Council of Nicaea (325) established the date of Easter as the first Sunday after the full moon (the Paschal Full Moon) following the March equinox.Ecclesiastically, the equinox is reckoned to be on 21 March (although the astronomical equinox occurs on 20 March in most years), and the "Full Moon" is not necessarily on the astronomically correct date. The date of Easter therefore varies between 22 March and 25 April inclusive. Eastern Christianity bases its calculations on the Julian calendar, whose 21 March corresponds, during the 21st century, to 3 April in the Gregorian calendar, and in which therefore the celebration of Easter varies between 4 April and 8 May.
Easter is linked to the Jewish Passover by much of its symbolism, as well as by its position in the calendar. In many languages, the words for "Easter" and "Passover" are identical or very similar. Easter customs vary across the Christian world, and include sunrise services, exclaiming the Paschal greeting, clipping the church and decorating Easter eggs, a symbol of the empty tomb. Additional customs that have become associated with Easter and are observed by both Christians and some non-Christians include egg hunting, the Easter Bunny, and Easter parades.
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The claim of resurrection is vital to Christianity. If Christ has been raised from the dead by God, then He has the credentials and certification that no other religious leader possesses. Buddha is dead. Mohammad is dead. Moses is dead. Confucius is dead. But, according to Christianity, Christ is alive.
I wonder why but some still asks the question, Did Jesus rise from the dead?
Yes, Jesus did rise from the dead. The Bible provides convincing evidence of Jesus resurrection, yet even Scripture records that some people in Jesus day doubted His return from the grave.
During a recent Inside LifeWay podcast, Jeremy Howard said there are many good reasons to believe that Jesus died, was buried and rose on the third day.
One thing everyone agrees on is that Jesus tomb was empty on the Sunday morning after His crucifixion, Howard said, noting that the best explanation is that Jesus in fact rose from the dead. Even though doubters raise alternative theories someone stole Jesus body, for example, or the disciples went to the wrong tomb Howard said the evidence for Christs resurrection is solid.
The resurrection matters, Howard said. If Jesus did not rise from the dead, Christianity is untrue, the Bible bears false witness and humanity is left searching for answers. But since He did rise from the dead, we have a word from God, by faith we have forgiveness from God, and were left neither in our skepticism nor our sins.
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ARTIST TALK | Mrugen Rathod in conversation with Tushar Joag
The Foundation for Indian Contemporary Art invites you to
Mrugen Rathod
in conversation with Tushar Joag
11 August 2016 | 5:00 - 6:30 pm
Vadehra Art Gallery, D-53 Defence Colony, New Delhi 110024
Mrugen Rathod received the FICA Public Art Grant 2014 for his project शोर / SHORE, a collaborative endeavour bringing together the traditional artists of Odisha to create consciousness about the impending degeneration of natural resources and the arts in the state; using both to actively create a substantial stand. The project has been re-presented at the Vadehra Art Gallery at the ongoing FICA Homepage 2016 exhibition through a display that sets the documentation in dialogue with actual objects that emerged from the project.
In the talk Mrugen Rathod will explore his idea behind wanting to generate a public dialogue around ecology and the arts through a conversation with Tushar Joag, an artist who has himself invested many years to engaging with similar concerns. This will be Mrugen Rathod's first presentation in New Delhi on this project.
Mrugen Rathod completed his BVA and MVA from the Faculty of Fine Arts, MS University of Baroda. In his practice he chooses to merge elements from his immediate environment to make works which are a gesture of giving back to nature. With a keen engagement on place/space and ecology Rathod's work is about engaging in a dialogue with our fragile environment. He has participated in various group shows such as New Documents curated by Rahul Bhattacharya, New Delhi in 2011; Monster's Factory at Tank, Diesel exhibiting space, Fort, Mumbai in 2014; let US face the future (solo) at Time Equities Inc. as part of the Art-in-Buildings program, Manhattan, New York in 2012. He has developed work in several residencies including Sandarbh, Rajasthan, 2011; Kashi Art Residency, Kochi, 2011; Cultural Residency by Art and Deal Magazine at Puri, Odisha, 2011; Art OMI, New York, 2012; Space 118, Mumbai; S. N. Sultan Art Residency in Bangladesh, 2013; Vijayanagar Residency at JSW, Hampi, 2014; Yatoo International at South Korea, 2015; and GNAP (Global Nomadic Art Project), Gujarat, 2015. He received the FICA Public Art Grant 2014 for his project SHORE in Odisha, for which he collaborated with Utsha Foundation for Contemporary Art, Bhubaneswar.
Tushar Joag is currently Core Faculty and Associate Professor at the Shiv Nadar University, Department of Art Design and Performing Art. As an artist his practice has been varied - from being co-founder of the Open Circle artists' initiative, to being the co-curator of the film program at the Pabellion Cuba, Havana Bienale, to being the co-facilitator of Culture Committee, World Social Forum, Mumbai, and curating two international exhibitions for the World Social Forum. He convened and curated the event 'Right to Dissent' in collaboration with Clark House, Mohile Parikh Center, Committee for the Release of Dr. Binayak Sen (2011). As an artist he has exhibited widely, and as an educator he has been teaching at various art institutions for many years.


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A tasty, warming winter soup. Perfect for those cold winter nights. Kumara is simply a type of sweet potato - use whichever kind you can find at the market.
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"Multi-gene tests have been shown to provide valuable information beyond the information provided by the current pathology-based biomarkers," says Aleix Prat, MD, a research fellow at UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center in the laboratory of Charles Perou, PhD, May Goldman Shaw Distinguished Professor of Molecular Oncology Research. "However, multi-gene tests are not readily available in most of the world due to cost, assay turnaround times, and other logistic issues."
Dr. Prat is presenting his findings at the best abstracts session of the 4th IMPAKT Breast Cancer Conference in Brussels, Belgium on May 3, 2012. IMPAKT is an annual conference that was launched in 2009 by the Breast International Group (BIG) and the European Society for Medical Oncology, in collaboration with a multidisciplinary alliance of European breast cancer organizations and patient groups - referred to as partners.
Dr. Prat and colleagues addressed this problem by trying to improve the current pathology-based biomarkers to better represent data coming from a particular multi-gene test known as the PAM50 breast cancer intrinsic classifier.
"The PAM50 breast cancer intrinsic classifier identifies two major groups of hormonal receptor-positive breast cancer known as the Luminal A and Luminal B subtypes. These two molecular entities have different risks of relapse and responses to chemotherapy," Dr. Prat said.
Alongside the development of this multi-gene assay, clinicians have devised pathology-based surrogate assays for the identification of the Luminal A and B subtypes. "In the absence of multi-gene assays, these pathology-based assays are clinically valuable," Dr. Prat explained. "However, we observed that current pathology-based definitions of the Luminal A and B subtypes still show a 30-40 percent discordance rate compared to multi-gene tests such as the PAM50 breast cancer intrinsic classifier."
The researchers examined differences in gene expression between Luminal A and B tumors using the PAM50 test. They also collected clinical-pathological features from 2,950 primary tumors across four independent studies. Using statistical methods, they tested the independent prognostic significance of those features.
They found that the expression of progesterone receptor was one of the most discriminatory molecules. "Addition of the quantitative scoring of the progesterone receptor into the current pathology-based Luminal A definition appears to better identify the subgroup of patients that have an outstanding survival when treated with endocrine therapy alone, and therefore do not need systemic chemotherapy," Dr. Prat said. "This subpopulation of patients is likely to represent around 30 percent of the patients with low-risk pathology-defined Luminal A tumors."
"Current pathology-based definitions of the Luminal A and B subtypes are valuable, but can be improved for the management of hormonal receptor-positive breast cancer," the researcher concluded. "We believe that we have an improvement based upon the progesterone receptor, and given that progesterone receptor is widely used, our improvement could be widely and quickly adopted if further validated."
Study co-author is Joel Parker, PhD, director of bioinformatics at UNC Lineberger.
This work was supported by funds from the National Cancer Institute's Breast SPORE program (P50-CA58223-09A1), by RO1-CA138255, by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, and the Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM).
A chronic blood-borne virus that attacks the liver, hepatitis C infects more than four million in the United States and more than 130 million worldwide. Deaths from the infection surpass those due to HIV/AIDS in the U.S. The virus is currently the leading factor in liver transplantation and a major cause of liver cancer, the third most fatal cancer worldwide and the ninth most deadly in the United States. Chronic hepatitis virus infections factor into more than two-thirds of liver cancer deaths.
"There is no cancer in the United States that is increasing in incidence as fast as liver cancer, and that is because of hepatitis C," said Dr. Lemon.
One question has been why hepatitis C virus specifically targets the liver. The research of Dr. Lemon and his colleagues points to the interaction between the hepatitis virus and miR-122 as the explanation.
The human genome contains around 1,000 microRNAs, strands of cellular material that play a diverse role in regulating gene expression and cellular metabolism. In a healthy liver cell, the microRNA miR-122 regulates the activity and decay of numerous cellular RNAs responsible for the production of proteins. It normally functions to block protein expression or to promote degradation of RNAs in the cell. The hepatitis C virus genome is entirely RNA, but miR-122 acts on it in a completely different manner - stabilizing it and enhancing its ability to produce viral proteins. In effect, it promotes and protects the invader.
"MicroRNAs almost always promote the degradation of cellular RNAs. This is actually stabilizing the viral RNA," said Dr. Lemon.
While Dr. Lemon's team has explored the manner in which hepatitis C exploits miR-122 to protect the viral RNA in previous publications, the new research suggests a much deeper bond between the microRNA and virus. Hepatitis C RNA contains a site that binds directly to the microRNA, and the team has shown that the presence of miR122 is actually crucial for functioning of the virus. Dr. Lemon believes the virus has evolved a unique dependency and that it requires the host's microRNA to reproduce.
"It is a relationship that is unique to hepatitis C and not seen, as far as we know, with any other virus," said Dr. Lemon.
Because of the importance of miR-122 to the replication of hepatitis C, the microRNA presents a promising target for new drugs. The pharmaceutical industry has already begun developing therapies that target miR-122. Dr. Lemon said that his research will help explain the underlying biology behind why these drugs work and suggest new possibilities for treatment by targeting other enzymes and proteins that play a role in the interactions between the virus and miR-122.
"If you target miR-122 with a therapeutic that blocks its function or sequesters it so it is no longer accessible to the virus, the replication of the virus is severely impaired," said Dr. Lemon.
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants R01-AI095690 and P20-CA150343 and the North Carolina University Cancer Research Fund.]]>
Rathmell's laboratory recently identified an enzyme, Ror2, that is expressed in a large subset of renal cell carcinomas. Suppressing Ror2 restricts the ability of renal cancer cells to grow and migrate, Janzen says.
"Our goal in this project is to develop Ror2 inhibitors that will serve as drug leads, with the eventual aim of producing treatments for renal cell carcinoma," he says.
"Renal cell carcinoma remains one of the most difficult cancers to manage in oncology because of its high level of primary resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapies. The disease in the metastatic setting is incurable, and we are in dire need of new, effective treatment options."
The Chemical Biology Consortium program is administered by the National Cancer Institute at Frederick (NCI-Frederick), a government-owned, contract-operated Federally Funded Research and Development Center. SAIC-Frederick is the operations and technical support contractor for NCI-Frederick.
This project has been funded in whole or in part with Federal Funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. HHSN261200800001E to SAIC-Frederick, Inc. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.]]>
Their editorial, titled, "Breast Cancer Radiotherapy and Coronary Artery Stenosis: Location, Location, Location," is an accompanying communication to a research article titled, "Distribution of Coronary Artery Stenosis After Radiation for Breast Cancer" by Nilsson et al.
Marks and Zagar observe that radiation therapy plays an integral role in the treatment of breast cancer. They cite a meta-analysis of nearly 42,000 women treated within randomized clinical trials demonstrating that radiation therapy improves both local control and overall survival in patients who have had either a mastectomy or lumpectomy. They also point out that with older radiation techniques, there is a risk of radiation-associated clinical cardiac events with most events not becoming clinically evident until greater than 10-15 years after radiation therapy.
The Nilsson study reports on distribution of coronary artery stenosis among patients irradiated for breast cancer and provides an assessment of correlation between radiotherapy and location of stenosis. Patients with left-sided breast cancer had a statistically significant increased rate of stenosis in coronary artery branches on the left anterior surface of the heart when compared with those with right-sided breast cancer, while those with right-sided breast cancer had a slightly higher rate of stenosis in the proximal right coronary artery. Marks and Zagar note that these findings are logical given the location and orientation of typical radiation fields used to treat patients with left- vs. right-sided breast cancer.
Marks and Zagar cite several study shortcomings that might limit interpretation of the data due to biases with respect to which patients were sent for angiograms, based on their previous radiation therapy exposure, for example.
Marks and Zagar state that the Nilsson study results "lend additional support to the mounting evidence that radiation therapy can cause coronary artery disease or that there seems to be an association between the location of the radiation therapy beam and the location of the excess coronary events." They express hope that altering the radiation therapy dose distribution will alter the risks. Further, they note that the risks of coronary artery disease following radiation therapy are far less with more modern techniques that markedly reduce the degree of cardiac exposure. In addition, the magnitude of the risk of radiation therapy-associated cardiac disease is far less than the anti-cancer benefits afforded by radiation therapy. Nevertheless, they suggest that radiation oncologists exploit available treatment planning and delivery tools, such as the judicious use of three-dimensional planning and breath-hold techniques to reduce doses to cardiovascular structures.
They point out that the issue is not limited to breast cancer patients. There is an increased risk of heart disease in patients who receive radiation therapy for lymphoma involving the mediastinum and perhaps for those who receive radiation therapy for lung cancer. They hypothesize that altering the radiation therapy fields and techniques in these patients might reduce the risks of such toxicities and further improve the therapeutic ratio in these patients.
Given the long natural history of radiation therapy-associated coronary artery disease, investigators who have conducted prospective clinical studies to address this issue have looked to biochemical findings or imaging to evaluate possible markers of cardiac injury, although to date, none have proven useful in routine clinical practice.
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) cardiac imaging has been used to assess early post-radiation therapy subclinical cardiac injury in patients treated for left-sided breast cancer. In a prospective study conducted by Marks and colleagues of more than 130 patients treated with radiation therapy, new cardiac SPECT abnormalities were noted in close to 50 percent of the patients, but these abnormalities have not been linked to any clinical events, thus their clinical relevance is unclear.
In considering the cardiac risks associated with radiation therapy, Zagar and Marks cite the importance of: the location of the radiation dose, the location of the at-risk cardiac structures, and the location of where researchers look for injury. For example, they cite that angiograms assess for coronary lesions, SPECT scans assess for myocardial microvascular injury, and echocardiograms assess for pericardial and valvular abnormalities. "Therefore," they say, "fairly comprehensive evaluations may be needed to understand the full spectrum of cardiac effects and their potential interactions."
They recommend that radiation oncologists use the increasing array of techniques to manipulate the RT dose to additionally improve the therapeutic value of RT for patients who receive this treatment for breast cancer and other thoracic diseases.]]>
Dr. Marks is the Dr. Sidney K. Simon Distinguished Professor of Oncology Research Professor and Chairman of the Department of Radiation Oncology in the UNC School of Medicine.
Regarded as one of the country's top breast cancer specialists, Marks' clinical and research interests include three-dimensional and conformal radiation treatment planning, breast cancer and lung cancer.
He was the physician leader of a national team of experts who reviewed available studies and established new guidelines for the safe treatment of cancer with radiation therapy, and served as co-editor of the report that appeared in the International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics.
A native of Brooklyn, NY, Marks earned his undergraduate degree in chemical engineering from Cooper Union School of Engineering. He earned his medical degree at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and completed his residency training in radiation oncology at Massachusetts General Hospital. He came to UNC in 2008 from Duke where he had served on the faculty since 1989.
ASTRO is the largest radiation oncology society in the world, with more than 10,000 members who specialize in treating patients with radiation therapies. As the leading organization in radiation oncology, biology and physics, the Society is dedicated to improving patient care through education, clinical practice, advancement of science and advocacy.]]>
"The staff here is exceptional. I value our team approach and being a part of that team," continued Chaplain Cadle. "Healing comes in different ways, and through the team approach patients are cared for not just physically, but also emotionally and spiritually."
One of her nominators, a medical oncologist, said, "If a new patient is beginning treatment, this chaplain is there to walk with them through their journey," and that "she is a great resource in helping patients face End of Life decisions." Another nominator, an oncology nurse, noted that "this minister handles very difficult situation with a gentle calmness, keen insight, and deep respect for all beliefs and faiths."
A cancer patient's caregiver wrote, "The most incredible meeting of the day was with one of the chaplains. She did a most wonderful thing for me. She helped facilitate conversation and extracted from my partner and me things that needed to be said for us to get clear on some of our concerns. It was a truly emotional, spiritual and therapeutic 20 minutes. She then said a heartfelt prayer which brought much some needed peace in a time filled with angst and crisis."
Chaplain Cadle earned her BS in therapeutic recreation from UNC-Greensboro, her master's in religious education from Duke Divinity School and completed her chaplaincy training at Alamance Regional Medical Center. She came to UNC Hospitals in 1998 and began serving as the oncology chaplain in 2001. Chaplain Cadle has served as an ordained minister in the United Church of Christ (UCC) for 21 years. She is endorsed by the Western Association of the Southern Conference of the UCC to provide chaplaincy services to UNC Hospitals.
"The best part of working with patients and families is hearing their stories, being invited on their journey, and working with them to make that journey a little more joyful, a little more peaceful, a little more manageable," Chaplain Cadle explained.
"I have found my ministry here, for the past 14 years, to be both meaningful and rewarding. I am grateful to this institution for the freedom to provide a variety of spiritual resources to an ever changing community of people."]]>
"This is an important mechanism to understand because pulmonary diseases associated with the greatest risk for lung cancer are characterized by inflammation," says Doerschuk, who is also professor of medicine and pathology, director of UNC's Center for Airways Disease and a member of UNC's CF/Pulmonary Research & Treatment Center.
Inflammation is characterized by the migration of neutrophils – white blood cells that are the vanguard of the immune system – to the site of inflammation. Using a technique developed at UNC by co-investigator Klaus Hahn, PhD, Thurman Professor of Pharmacology, the team will use light to manipulate the activity of key proteins related to neutrophil movement at precise times and places within a living cell.
The team will also look at the activity of a class of proteins called RhoGEFs, factors that activate Rho proteins which are part of the RAS superfamily – a class of proteins associated with cancer activity. Keith Burridge, PhD, Kenan distinguished professor of cell and developmental biology, is an expert in Rho proteins and their regulation. The group will also test unique technology developed at UNC by Richard Superfine, PhD, Taylor-Williams Distinguished Professor of Physics and Astronomy. The experiments will use three dimensional force microscopy to mimic the tension on cells that occurs during neutrophil adhesion and migration in the lung. In a previous study supported by a UCRF award from the LCCC, Burridge and Superfine collaborated showing that the force microscopy technique offers Rho protein activation in cells responding to mechanical tension.
Superfine's technique applies magnetic particles to cells and then uses magnets to exert force on the cells – creating extracellular tension. Burridge's and Doerschuk's teams, in turn, can measure the effect of this force on key proteins that control neutrophil movement in lung tissue and form the basic mechanism behind inflammatory disease.
"This grant is a stellar example of how outstanding scientists at UNC from different classical disciplines apply completely new approaches to important clinical questions. Understanding the fundamentals of lung inflammation will give us clues as to how to prevent or detect lung cancer earlier," said H. Shelton Earp, MD, director of UNC Lineberger.
"The collaborative environment, brilliant faculty and novel technology at UNC make this possible," he added.
Photo caption: Neutrophil adherence induces an increase in the phosphorylated p38 MAPK in TNF--a--pretreated pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. The distribution of phosphorylated p38 (green) and F-actin (red) in ECs without neutrophils or with neutrophils adherent for 2 or 6 min was examined using confocal microscopy. A representative image through a slice of ECs is shown, and the arrows indicate the position of adherent neutrophils. Quantification of many images revealed that the number of pixels showing bright staining for phosphorylated p38 MAPK increased in endothelial cells at 2 and 6 minutes of neutrophil adherence. Wang Q et al., AJP Lung Cell Mol Biol 288:L359-369, 2005.]]>
Chapel Hill, NC - A team of scientists with The Cancer Genome Atlas program reports their genetic characterization of 800 breast tumors, including finding some of the genetic causes of the most common forms of breast cancer, providing clues for new therapeutic targets, and identifying a molecular similarity between one sub-type of breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
Their findings, which offer a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms behind each sub-type of breast cancer, are reported in the September 23, 2012 online edition of the journal Nature.
The researchers, including a large group from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, analyzed tumors using two basic approaches: first, using an unbiased and genome-wide approach, and second, within the context of four previously known molecular sub-types of breast cancer: HER2-enriched, Luminal A, Luminal B and Basal-like. Both approaches arrived at the same conclusions, which suggest that even when given the tremendous genetic diversity of breast cancers, four main subtypes were observed. This study is also the first to integrate information from six analytic technologies, thus providing new insights into these previously defined disease subtypes.
Charles Perou, PhD, corresponding author of the paper, says, "Through the use of multiple different technologies, we were able to collect the most complete picture of breast cancer diversity ever. These studies have important implications for all breast cancer patients and confirm a large number of our previous findings. In particular, we now have a much better picture of the genetic causes of the most common form of breast cancer, namely Estrogen-Receptor positive/Luminal A disease. We also found a stunning similarity between Basal-like breast cancers and ovarian cancers."
"This study has now provided a near complete framework for the genetic causes of breast cancer, which will significantly impact clinical medicine in the coming years as these genetic markers are evaluated as possible markers of therapeutic responsiveness."
Dr. Perou is the May Goldman Shaw Distinguished Professor of Molecular Oncology and a member of UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.
Among the many discoveries include findings of some of the likely genetic causes of the most common form of breast cancer, which is the Estrogen-Receptor positive Luminal A subtype. Luminal A tumors are the number one cause of breast cancer deaths in the USA accounting for approximately 40 percent, and thus, finding the genetic drivers of this subtype is of paramount importance. The TCGA team found that the mutation diversity within this group was the greatest, and that even specific types of mutations within individual genes, were associated with the Luminal A subtype. Some of these mutations may be directly targetable by a drug(s) that is in clinical development, thus possibly offering new options for many patients.
In addition, the team compared basal-like breast tumors (also known as triple-negative breast cancers) with high-grade serous ovarian tumors and found many similarities at the molecular level, suggesting a related origin and similar therapeutic opportunities. These data also suggest that basal-like breast cancer should be considered a different disease than ER-positive/Luminal breast cancer, and in fact, both basal-like breast cancer and ovarian cancer were more similar to each other than either was to ER-positive/Luminal breast cancer.
Dr. Perou adds, "Cancer is, of course, a complex disease that includes many types of alterations, and thus, no one technology can identify all of these alteration; however, by using such a diverse and powerful set of technologies in a coordinated fashion, we were able to identify the vast majority of these alterations."
Katherine Hoadley, PhD, study co-author, explains, "Our ability to compare and integrate data from RNA, microRNA, mutations, protein, DNA methylation, and DNA copy number gave us a multitude of insights about breast cancer. In particular, highlighting how distinct basal-like breast cancers are from all other breast cancers on all data types. These findings suggest that basal-like breast cancer, while arising in the same anatomical location, is potentially a completely different disease."
Dr. Perou describes UNC's role on the TCGA Breast cancer project as "extensive, including generating the RNA expression data, performing integrated data analyses, and playing a major role in the writing of the paper and crafting of the new hypotheses coming from this work."
TCGA is a groundbreaking effort to genetically characterize the entire genome of 20 different cancer types, involving scientists from around the world. UNC Lineberger was one of the original consortium members and will receive over $20 million in grants to fund this research. TCGA is funded jointly by the National Cancer Institute and the National Human Genome Research Institute, both part of the National Institutes of Health.
Other UNC authors on the paper are: Todd Auman, PhD; Cheng Fan, MS; Yidi Turman, BS; Yan Shi, PhD; Ling Li, MS; Michael Topal, PhD; Xiaping He, MD; Hann-Hsiang Chao, PhD; Aleix Prat, MD; Grace Silva, BS; Michael Iglesia, BS; Wei Zhao, BS; Jerry Usary, PhD; Jonathan Berg, MD; Michael Adams, MS; Jessica Brooker, PhD; Junyuan Wu, MS; Anisha Gulabani, BS; Tom Bodenheimer, MS; Alan Hoyle, BS; Janae Simons, BS; Matthew Soloway, BS; Lisle Mose, MS; Stuart Jeffreys, PhD; Saianand Balu, MS; Joel Parker, PhD; Kimryn Rathmell, MD, PhD; Leigh Thorne, MD; Mei Huang, PhD; Ashley Hill Salazar, BA; Lori Boice, BS; and Neil Hayes, MD, MPH.
This work was supported by the following grants from the USA National Institutes of Health: U24CA143883, U24CA143858, U24CA143840, U24CA143799, U24CA143835, U24CA143845, U24CA143882, U24CA143867, U24CA143866, U24CA143848, U24CA144025, U54HG003079, P50CA116201 and P50CA58223. Additional support was provided by the Susan G. Komen for the Cure, the US Department of Defense through the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation.]]>
Read related coverage in the April 15, 2012 issue of The ASCO Post (see page 9).]]>
Ribisl is an associate professor of health behavior and health education in the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health. He is also a member of UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.
Rebecca Williams, MHS, PhD, a research associate at UNC's Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, led the study.
Read article in Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.
Read article in endeavors magazine.]]>
Dr. Evans is a clinical professor in the UNC Department of Genetics and leader of the Clinical Cancer Genetics Program. He is also a member of UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.
Read article.]]>
Dr. Shelley Earp, UNC Lineberger director, said, "This year we gave five awards because the quality of the candidates as caring physicians and future clinician-scientists was outstanding. Their excellence reflects the attractiveness of our clinical programs for the best candidates and the quality of training given by our faculty mentors."
At UNC, Dr. Gopal has completed dual fellowships in infectious diseases and hematology/oncology and will have a joint appointment in both divisions as an assistant professor of medicine. In August, he will travel to Africa to work with cancer-related activities in Malawi where UNC has a number of efforts underway.
Dr. Gopal earned his BA and MPH degrees from UNC and his MD from Duke. He completed an internship and residency at the University of Michigan.
Dr. Ko just completed her gynecologic oncology fellowship and will join the UNC division of gynecologic oncology while completing a master's degree of clinical research through the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health. She recently received one of 42 American Society of Clinical Oncology 2012 Young Investigators Awards that will fund her research in "Metformin for the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia."
Dr. Ko earned her undergraduate degree from Harvard College and her MD degree from the University of Massachusetts Medical School where she also completed a post-sophomore pathology fellowship in 2003. She completed her residency at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital.
Dr. Lee just completed a fellowship in neuroradiology at UNC and holds joint appointments in the departments of radiology where he is an assistant professor and physics and astronomy where he is an adjunct assistant professor. Dr. Lee has been a key member of the research team led by Dr. Otto Zhou who invented a carbon nanotube-based x-ray source array technology. Dr. Lee led an initiative to develop a pre-clinical imaging system, and for his efforts was awarded the Radiologic Society of North America Trainee Award. He has several issued US patents and journal publications.
Dr. Lee earned his undergraduate degree from MIT, and a master's degree from the University of California at San Diego. He earned his MD degree from the UNC School of Medicine and completed a residency in radiology. He also earned a doctoral degree from UNC.
Dr. Sheets is chief resident in the UNC Department of Radiation Oncology. He was first author of a recent paper in the Journal of the American Medical Association on the comparative effectiveness of IMRT radiation therapy for prostate cancer with proton beam therapy.
Dr. Sheets earned his undergraduate and master's degrees from the University of Michigan College of Engineering. He earned his MD degree from the University of Michigan. He completed a transitional residency program at St. Francis Hospital in Evanston, Illinois and came to UNC in 2009 to complete the residency program in radiation oncology.
Dr. Smith just completed a residency in urologic oncology where she served as chief resident and will join the faculty in that division. She has conducted important research in bladder cancer, including the evaluation of post-operative complication following radical cystectomy in bladder cancer patients and of the utility of functional assessment and p16INK4a to better outline risk factors in the geriatric bladder cancer population.
Dr. Smith is a Phi Beta Kappa UNC graduate and earned her MD degree from the UNC School of Medicine.]]>
Their editorial, titled, "Older Women with Breast Cancer: Slow Progress, Great Opportunity, Now is the Time," is complementary to a research article, published in the same issue, titled, "Improvement in Breast Cancer Outcomes Over Time: Are Older Women Missing Out?"
People are living longer, and cancer is primarily a disease of the elderly. Estimates are that 20 percent of the US population will be 65 years and older in 2025. In breast cancer, the incidence rate is 82.2 new patients per 100,000 in women younger than age 65 years versus 403.8 per 100,000 for those age 65 years and older.
Authors of the research article examined data from the National Vital Statistics Reports and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) to study the rate of breast cancer death in the general population and the risk of breast cancer death in newly diagnosed patients, and compared change over time in these outcomes for older versus younger women. They discuss the advances and challenges of caring for older women, ages 65 and older, with breast cancer. Their analysis of these data showed that breast cancer outcomes have preferentially improved in women age less than 75 years.
In their editorial, Muss and Busby-Whitehead concur, stating, "Although both the rate of death as a result of breast cancer and the adjusted risk of death as a result of breast cancer in the population are decreasing, these improvements were much less for older patients. "
They posit that overall improvements in survival are likely due to the wider use of mammographic screening and adjuvant therapy and suggest that a small part of the gap in survival for older women could be closed by the appropriate use of mammography for women age 75 years and older with a reasonable life expectancy. They recommend that geriatricians provide screening information to older patients and counsel them concerning mammography screening on an individual basis.
Muss and Busby-Whitehead note that major gains in adjuvant systemic therapy such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors have also played an important role in improving survival and that clinicians should encourage the appropriate use of these medications in older patients. They cite a growing body of data suggesting that chemotherapy also leads to improved survival in elders, especially those with hormone-receptor negative breast cancer. Underuse of post-operative radiation therapy may also contribute to these poorer results.
Another reason that elders have benefited less from overall improvements in breast cancer-specific survival is that most oncologists have little or no geriatric training. Muss and Busby-Whitehead offer resources such as the American Society of Clinical Oncology's education outreach and websites and the geriatric education website Portal of Geriatric Education Online education, supported by the Donald. W. Reynolds Foundation. They also offer tools for clinicians to help their patients make better treatment decisions.
The co-authors propose three high priority research needs for elders. First: developing clinical trials that focus on elders to discern the risks and benefits of systemic therapy. Second: accurately estimating life expectancy in older patients with cancer, since elder patients may have comorbidities, loss of function, cognitive loss and/or poor social support. Third: expanding research on biomarkers of aging that might predict both short- and long-term toxicities. Muss and Busby-Whitehead conclude that, "all of us must be strong advocates for the highest quality care for our expanding numbers of elders with cancer."]]>
Three UNC Lineberger faculty co-authored a review article titled "Adjuvant Therapy of Breast Cancer in Women 70 Years of Age and Older: Tough Decisions, High Stakes," that was published in the September 12, 2012 issue of the journal Oncology.
Ellen Jones, MD, associate professor of radiation oncology; Ashley Leak, PhD, RN-BC, OCN, Cancer Care Quality Training Post-Doctoral Fellow and adjunct assistant professor in the UNC School of Nursing, and Hy Muss, MD, professor of medicine and leader of the UNC Lineberger Geriatric Oncology Program, co-authored the article.
The UNC authors' abstract states: "In most Western nations, the incidence and mortality rates for breast cancer rise dramatically with increasing age, and in the coming decades oncologists will be faced with managing an increasing number of older patients with breast cancer. Having the knowledge and tools to optimally treat this group will be essential.
The challenge of caring for an older cancer patient is to provide treatment options that maximize long-term survival and account for life expectancy, comorbidities, and the effects of treatment on function. For example, a mild treatment-induced peripheral neuropathy can transform a functioning elder into one who is dependent on institutional care. Complicating matters, there is a paucity of data from randomized trials on the risks and benefits of our newer and increasingly effective treatments in older breast cancer patients.
In this review we will discuss how to evaluate older breast cancer patients, including estimating survival, defining functional limitations, and providing guidelines for optimal adjuvant therapies."]]>


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Ariadne: Resources for Athenaze
Greek attitudes toward "the other"
Read the description of Odysseus approaching the island of the Cyclopes: Homer, Odyssey 9.105-139 (2 webpages)
How would you describe the society of the Cyclopes? What elements of their society would have been seen as barbaric or as civilized? How does Polyphemus treat outsiders/his guests? How do both Polyphemus and Odysseus violate the institutions of hospitality? What does Odysseus learn from his encounter with the Cyclopes?
Classical Studies
Cornell College
Last Update: November 11, 2009 4:17 pm
John Gruber-Miller


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The Pentland Firth is a notorious strait separating the Orkney archipelago from the mainland of Scotland and has some of the strongest and fastest tides in the world. Speeds of 16 knots or 30 km/hr have been recorded, which is fast enough to waterski! In normal high tide and current conditions six and eight knots can be expected as well as 'roosts,' which occur when the tide brings water in and meets waves coming from the other side forming massive standing waves. At maximum tide and current, the shoal-strewn Pentland Firth is generally not the place you want to be in a sailboat. We were blessed with light-wind conditions and a pleasant sail across the strait to reach the Orkney Isles on calm seas.
Orkney is an archipelago of 70 or so low-lying islands located about 10 nm north of the Scottish mainland; it has been home to mankind since about 4,000 B.C. Of the 70 islands, only 20 are inhabited, and most of the 20,000 people live on the largest island called Mainland where Orkney's two main towns, Kirkwall and Stromness, are located as well as the large natural harbour of Skapa Flow. The islands played an important part in the development of Canada's history since Stromness was a major recruiting and supply base for the Hudson's Bay Company. If you sail out into the Atlantic Ocean from Stromness, the next stop is Canada.
A great aspect of cruising in this region is that you are so far north that you have lasting daylight in the summer months. This means you can cover a lot of ground between sunrise and sunset — especially if you ride the tides. Plenty of daylight remained at 19:30 on June 17 when, after a passage of 98 nm, we reached our first anchorage in Orkney at East Weddel Sound in Holm Sound between Mainland and Burray just outside the huge natural harbour of Skapa Flow.
We were the only boat floating in the anchorage. Surrounding us were World War II blockships — purposely sunk to prevent German U-boats, which could hold up to a hundred naval ships, from entering the harbour. On shore, concrete gun emplacements stand out against vibrant green fields. In both World Wars, Skapa Flow was the main base for the British Royal Navy. However on October 14, 1939, a U-47 slipped through and sank the World War I-era battleship, HMS Royal Oak. As a result, Prime Minister Winston Churchill ordered the construction of a series of causeways to completely block the eastern approaches to Skapa Flow. The Churchill Barriers now provide road access from Mainland to Burray and South Ronaldsay, and still block all ship traffic into the harbour. But they make this cove on the outside a secure and interesting anchorage. Before the sun set we launched the dinghy and went to take a look at the wrecks.
One of the most significant events in naval history at Skapa Flow occurred here in World War I when the German fleet purposefully sank their own ships. At the end of the First World War the entire fleet was interned here while peace negotiations were underway. The German admiral, fearing that either hostility might recommence or the entire fleet would be given to the Allies, decided to scupper the fleet and had 74 ships sunk in the harbour at Skapa Flow. A huge salvage operation took place after the scuttling of the German High Seas fleet in 1919 but seven warships and four destroyers still lie on the bottom and have become popular dive sites. Novice divers can enjoy exploring the blockship wrecks in the Holm Sound anchorage which is shallower than the deep water of the main harbour.
The summer season is short in this part of the world and our strategy was to get north as quickly as possible and then work our way south. Rather than exploring Orkney now, we decided to shoot north up to Shetland, make the jump to Norway, and then cruise Orkney and Shetland thoroughly and in a relaxed fashion on our way south travelling with, rather than against, the season.
On June 19, we set sail for Fair Isle in the Shetland archipelago. Once again we had light winds but enough for a pleasant sail. We dressed in full foul weather gear all summer due to the temperature. If it's suntanning you're after, this is not the cruising ground for you!
Fair Isle is the most southerly of the Shetland Islands and lies almost 30 miles north-east of Orkney and about 25 miles south-west of Shetland's Mainland, making it the most remote island in the United Kingdom and a breeding ground for many species of birds. You may have heard of Fair Isle sweaters which have traditional patterns and are produced by the islanders from the fine Fair Isle sheep's wool.
We made landfall at South Light and it's at this end of Fair Isle that most of the 70 islanders live. Fair Isle's most distinctive landmark is Sheep Rock. At 100 metres tall, it gets its name from the days when grazing lands were scarce and islanders used to haul sheep up to graze there. We passed this magnificent landmark to arrive at the small harbour at North Haven. The island's ferry, called The Good Shepherd, is docked here. Although there's a small airstrip, The Good Shepherd is the main link to the outside world.
Fair Isle is just three miles long and 1.5 miles wide. Since 1954, the island has been owned by the National Trust for Scotland, ensuring that the special eco-system of Fair Isle is protected. An abundance of wildflowers colour the harsh landscape here and you'll also find a profusion of lichen rarely seen in less pristine environments.
We came here to learn more about seabirds, especially puffins, who breed in the cliffs of Fair Isle during the spring and summer months. There has been a permanent bird observatory on Fair Isle since 1948 due to the number and variety of birds that migrate and breed here throughout the year. The observatory lodge near the harbour provides most of the visitor accommodation on the island and free guided walks are offered by the rangers. Visiting sailors can make reservations at the restaurant there and participate in the activities. Wearing our new Fair Isle hats, we went out with Ranger Carrie at 10 o'clock at night with enough daylight to see and learn about the hundreds of puffins, gannets and 'bonxies' that breed here in the spring and summer months.
As we talk, puffins come and go from their burrows in the cliffs at our feet. We learn that like most sea birds they actually spend the winter out at sea and then come to land for their breeding season from early April to the end of July. When the breeding season ends, the puffins leave with their young to go back out to sea. Nobody knows exactly where they go, but apparently they're quite keen to come back to their original breeding ground and return to the same site year after year. Through a careful tagging procedure, which visitors can participate in, the rangers can see which birds have survived the previous winter. If you're interested in seeing seabirds, they're pretty much guaranteed here from late April through to the end of July.
The northern part of Fair Isle is rocky moorland so it is used as common grazing land for the islanders' sheep. The southern part of Fair Isle offers more shelter, the land flatter and more arable — hence the reason why the majority of the 70 islanders live here where there are two churches, a small shop, a post office and a schoolhouse. Most of the islanders live on crofts. Crofting is a form of land tenure where small-scale or self-sufficient food production is carried out. Due to the severity of the environment here, most crofters on Fair Isle farm sheep for meat and wool. Many islanders are involved in craftwork activities related to the fine wool produced here — spinning and knitting goods using the traditional Fair Isle Click here to see more images from their journey.
Award-winning filmmakers and sailing authors, Paul and Sheryl Shard, have been cruising internationally since 1989. They are the hosts of the sailing adventure TV series, Distant Shores, which airs weekdays across Canada on Travel and Escape Channel and includes episodes on their cruise of Orkney and Shetland.
They are regular contributors to Canadian Yachting magazine, Canada's premiere source for compelling boating lifestyle experiences, travel destinations, boat reviews, tips on gear, marine events and breaking news for sailors and power boaters. Enjoyed by readers in digital, online and print formats six times yearly.


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Corporate Welfare or Smart Business
President Trump visits the South Carolina Boeing plant that has been in the news this week for a major union defeat. Today, it's about the triumph of American industry and know-how with the roll-up of the 787-10, the latest iteration of the Dreamliner with capacity of 330 passengers, up from 2432 with 787-8. The Dreamliner is becoming a very important commercial plane for the company with the second most deliveries behind the workhorse 737 which has 6,203 cumulative deliveries.
While we cheer this development, behind the scenes there is a real battle among conservatives over the role of government in corporate financing. There is speculation President Trump will give his approval for the Export-Import Bank which many consider a facilitator of corporate welfare.
Created in 1934 to back trade between the United States and Soviet Union, the EXIM Bank became an official agency with the Export – Import Act of 1945 and has since been renewed 16 times. Backers say the bank helps small businesses and also levels the playing field with other nations who through their own export credit agencies (ECA) help companies compete for global business. But critics aren't buying that giant US corporates need the kind of "assistance."
The Big Three
In FY2013 three American giants got the bulk of Ex-Im assistance:
I don't like government picking winners and losers and I don't like government being the de facto financial backer of companies that compete directly against their American counterparts. This is most pervasive in the airline industry where Ex-Im backs massive plan purchases for airlines outside the United States to run (cheaper) routes against American airliners.
Right now Boeing does 70% of its business outside the United States as does Caterpillar, which means its focus on new business supersedes the loss of American jobs in the airline industry.
Another recent sore point is Boeing announcing in December it would lay off 8% of its commercial aircraft workforce (an announcement earlier in the year pegged the number at 4%) while also reporting that it would raise its dividend and buy back to $14 billion in company stock because Airbus continues to take market share from the 737 sweet spot.
The dream is that the new airliner and others will bring back jobs but that could be offset by lost jobs as airlines are losing to foreign competitors funded with America's backing.
The skies are tangled and not so friendly, after all.
Charles Payne
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Rhinelander is home to a new piece of state-of-the-art cancer treatment technology. As WXPR's Natalie Jablonski reports, Ministry Health Care's James Beck Cancer Center held a ribbon cutting for the machine Wednesday.
The True Beam Linear Accelerator offers radiation therapy that's much more precise than previous technology at James Beck. It also has powerful imaging capabilities which help to give a more accurate picture of a tumor.
Radiation therapist Lynnette Fittante demonstrates how the machine even rotates around the patient.
This week Governor Walker signed a bill enabling the state to include additional types of newborn screening methods for newborns. Pediatrician Dr. Eunice Corujo-Incha at Ministry Health Care in Rhinelander says pulse oximetry testing has been used at Ministry Health Care for about two years....
"....pulse oximetry testing is a very simple procedure. You test the oxygen level in three areas of (the newborn's) extremities before discharge...."
testing is a very simple procedure. You test the oxygen level in three areas of (the newborn's) extremities before discharge...."
Valentine's Day may be over but there are still plenty of ways to take care of your heart.
February is Heart Health Month.
Oneida County Public Health Department is encouraging people of all ages to try and reduce risk factors for heart disease.
Community health specialist Kyla Waksmonski says behavior changes include daily exercise, healthy eating and limiting alcohol use. Quitting smoking can also cut your risk of heart disease.
Ruby's Pantry will deliver to another distribution site in the Northwoods. Lac du Flambeau will host the once-a-month food distribution on second Tuesdays at the Bingo Hall.
Gloria Cobb is a case worker with the Lac du Flambeau economic support department. She says many families in the area are feeling the financial strain.
Northwoods residents have several chances to get help signing up for health insurance through the online marketplace. Bridge Community Health Clinic has four sessions coming up in Rhinelander, providing one-on-one help.
The clinic's Central Wisconsin Enrollment Coordinator Mary Testin says Oneida County residents have been some of the most ready to sign up for health care.
Vitamin D could help prevent osteoporosis and falls in older adults. That's the message from an aging specialist from Madison giving a talk at this week's Science on Tap discussion.
Winter in the Northwoods means…not a lot of sunshine. And that means not a lot of Vitamin D. Dr Neil Binkley is Director of the Osteoporosis Clinical Research program at UW Madison. WXPR's Natalie Jablonski talked with Dr. Binkley to find out why Vitamin D supplements might be important for preventing osteoporosis and bone fractures.
An area health care provider has selected a new President. Ministry Medical Group
has named Dr. Robert Sookochoff to lead the group of clinics in the Ministry Health
Care system.
Ministry spokesman Geoffrey Huys says Sookochoff has been seeing patients and
showing leadership in the organization for over 30 years. "He has served as a regional
Vice President for Ministry Medical Group's northern region, so he spent a lot of time
up in the northern region of Rhinelander, Eagle River, Woodruff, but he's been involved
Rhinelander will soon be home to a new food pantry. Ruby's Pantry is slated to make a large delivery of surplus and donated food once a month.
Organizer Chrissy Peterson says she originally had trouble finding the right space to house what could be thousands of pounds of food and hundreds of people. Eventually she found Grace Foursquare Church on Highway 17.
Professional and family caregivers who provide direct care services at home or in long-term care settings are invited to attend the 8th Annual Direct Caregivers Conference next month at Nicolet College.
Sandy Bishop from Nicolet College is a member of the Northern Wisconsin Long Term Care Workforce Network. She says it's a day to celebrate those who give care to others...
Next we hear from Diana Butz from the Greater Wisconsin Chapter of the Alzheimer's Association.
Cold weather is tough on anyone, but for a person with Alzheimer's Disease who wanders, it could be deadly. She says there's a new approach for quicker response should someone wander away from home.
Diana Butz, spokesperson for the Alzheimer's Association. There's an Alzheimer's Association Outreach Office in Rhinelander.


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The stone should be treated with a water and or oil repellent. These types of treatments modify the absorption factor of the stone and minimizes staining.
There are several factors to consider when choosing a sealer for stain protection.
It is important to understand what a repellent treatment will and will not do.
They will not prevent etching from acidic foods and beverages on marble and limestone. However, a treated surface will minimize the degree of etching by keeping the offending substance at the surface not allowing the damaging effects to migrate deeper into the stone to cause severe etching.
A treated surface is not a total guarantee against staining. Repellent treatments are not stain-proofers. If an offending substance is left in contact for a prolonged period of time a stain may develop, however it will not become deep seated. Therefore, care should be taken to remove any spills or foods from the surface as soon as possible.
Treating the stone does not make it maintenance free, it still needs to be maintained with the proper stone care products. Honed and texture surfaces in interior settings will receive further protection from using a "stone soap". Stone soaps dress the stone leaving a residue behind which may act as a sealer and a soil releasing agent.
Understanding stone and the products that are available for stone care leads to realistic expectations and are vital elements for a successful stone maintenance program.


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Governor, Comptroller, Legislators Call for Conservative Reforms
Governor Mark Sanford embarked on a two-day, ten-city tour today with Comptroller General Richard Eckstrom, S.C. Policy Council President Ashley Landess and legislators to call for conservative reforms aimed at increasing accountability in state government. The group highlighted the need for reforming the way the state spends, the way government is structured, and increasing government transparency. The need for reform has never been more evident, as the state faces a $400 million shortfall due to overspending when state revenues were growing faster than the economy and made worse by an inefficient and unaccountable government structure.
"If we're going to deliver South Carolinians the kind of government they expect and deserve, it all starts with accountability," Gov. Sanford said. "That means accountability in the way we spend, the way we operate, and most importantly it means the notion of transparency in everything we do. There's a growing core of support for these and other commonsense conservative reforms - some of which have been defeated by the narrowest of margins in the past - and I'd ask everyone to make their voice heard on these fronts to their local legislator."
"The difference between a government that serves the people and one that serves itself is transparency. Government is at its best when it does business in the clear light of day," Eckstrom said.
Among the conservative reforms that will be pushed by the governor next year are:
Spending Limits - Government spending grew by 40 percent over the past four years, a rate far faster than the growth of the underlying economy. The governor is calling for legislation to limit spending increases to the growth in population plus inflation. A similar measure has in the past passed the House and was narrowly defeated in the Senate.
Restructuring - Gov. Sanford is asking for the passage of a bill creating a Department of Administration, which would perform many administrative functions currently handled by the state Budget and Control Board. The move would give the governor responsibilities held by the Executive Branch in 49 other states. The bill unanimously passed the House last year and died in the Senate.
Transparency - The governor is supporting the S.C. Policy Council's call for more on-the-record voting, as currently only 5 percent of bills in the General Assembly receive passage with on-the-record votes. In addition, he's supporting their call for earmark disclosure, local government spending disclosure, a taxpayer funded lobbyist ban, public officials income disclosure, and expanded open records laws.
Ethics Laws - Gov. Sanford is supporting Rep. Nathan Ballentine's bill that would require disclosure of all campaign contributions within 48 hours of receiving them in the two weeks prior to the election. The governor is also calling for creating an objective campaign finance enforcement entity for the House and Senate, and closing the revolving door that allows government regulators to leave government and lobby on behalf of issues they used to work on.
Source: http://www.scgovernor.com/news/releases/10-15-08.htm