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10-14-2013 #11B7U3 C50SS Guest
Thanks, Man!
It means something to be recognized.
10-14-2013 #12JeoWay Guest
Never used MFW Builder
Looks cool, same with the custom user tasks that you can add
I may try this out and see what kind of tasks I can add to it
10-24-2013 #13SuperSaiyen Guest
I used the older MFW builder v.0.2.1 to build a cfw 3.15 quite a while back. Does this newer version add any additional features i can patch onto v.3.15 ofw? From what i see in the docs- Patch VSH to Run unsigned app's (3.xx&4.xx), and [3.xx&4.xx] Add "Install Package Files icon to the XMB Game Category [3.xx&4.xx] Add "/app_home" icon to the XMB Game Category.
Seems it might be better to redo my mfw3.15 with this newer MFW builder 1.0? Any insight appreciated.
12-31-2013 #14Administrator
- Join Date
- Apr 2005
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PS3MFW Builder 1.0.0 (Our MFW 1.0.0) Build 2.0.0 is Released
Following up on the previous updates, PlayStation 3 developers RedDot-3ND7355 and B7U3 C50SS have now released PS3MFW (PS3 Modified Firmware) Builder 1.0.0 Build 2.0.0 followed by v0.2.0.2 and Update 3 dubbed Our MFW 1.0.0 with an Installer followed by v0.2.6.0 with the changes outlined below.
Download: PS3MFW Builder 1.0.0 (Our MFW 1.0.0) Build 2.0.0 (Full) / PS3MFW Builder 1.0.0 (Our MFW 1.0.0) Build 2.0.0 (Update) / GIT / lv2_kernel.self (Hermes stuff inside) by Smhabib / spoof_rebug_mode.zip / spoof_rebug_mode.zip (Updated) (Fixed it now to work with new routines) by haxxxen / Install Our MFW Builder.exe (Build 0.2.2.0) / Install Our MFW Builder.exe (Update 3) / PS3MFW Builder v1 Installer (Build 0.2.2.1) by RedDot-3ND7355 via B7U3 C50SS / Our MFW 1.0.0.rar (PS3MFW Updated for 4.65) by haz367 / 4.66_NO-FSM_patch.bin.zip by littlebalup / Our_MFW_1.0.0_Build_0.2.6.0_Update.zip (PS3MFW Updated for 4.66) / Latest PS3 MFW Builder Update by RedDot-3ND7355 / PS3MFW-master.rar / Playerkp420_4.66_CFW-v1.00_PS3UPDAT.PUP (196 MB - MD5: BD3752C037DB9F786AA445CD862C3675) / Playerkp420_4.70_MFW_PS3UPDAT.PUP (196.41 MB - MD5: 8C21E25AB3F30CA5C3C9E8041ADBDC12) by playerkp420 / PS3MFW Builder v0.2.1 Mod GIT by haxxxen / Install Our MFW Builder.exe / Install Our MFW Builder.exe (Mirrors by B7U3 C50SS) / PS3MFW-Builder-master.rar (v0.2.6.0) by haz367
To quote: Hey Everyone! Its me RedDot and i'm back with my team again to release you this new build of PS3MFW Builder 1.0.0!
We managed to find all the bugs about the repack/unpack/keys/tasks! Just follow them as respected and everything WILL be fine.
This is TRULY stable, and if you patch the right features you will NOT get brick/or whatsoever... I also recommend you have a minimum requirement of knowledge on modding
I hope the video helped A LOT. Credits to all the dev's that made this project possible and finished supposedly. But of course we will maybe continue to add features if new updates are released! So keep an eye on that updater.
Original dev's
Newer Version dev's
->Anonymous Developers
All people that helped A LOT!
->RazorX (For sum tasks & updater)
->Haz367 (For pin-pointing problems & many tasks)
->Habib (For allowing us to use his patterns for tasks)
->Naewhert (For his tools)
->toolboy2012 (For sharing his awesome work with us)
->Arachetous (For a special task)
->And all other people that i may had forgotten :P
List of all features for 4.xx
Patch to allow running of unsigned app's
Patch to add ReactPSN online/offline
Patch to allow Debug pkg installation
Patch SysValue's (PS2 Related)
Patch to fix removing act.dat on boot!
Patch for ingame screenshots!
Patch RSOD Bypass!
Patch lv0 ldr's
Patch lv0 CoreOS ECDSA Check&Descrambling of LV1LDR!
Patch lv0 using Rebug/ITA DEX!
Patch lv0 for Cobra Features!
Patch lv1 for many features!
Patch lv1 Mmap out!
Patch lv2 for peek&poke
Patch lv2 for POC! (only 4.50)
Patch lv2 for hermes payload!
Patch lv2 for syscalls!
Patch lv2 for QA Flag!
And many more!
Patch nas_plugin for debug pkg's&installation of retail pkg's
Patch the core_os spu's&spp
Patch default.spp for otheros! (must include otheros of lv1!)
Patch XMB for IPF&APPHOME! (includes xmb plugin mods)
Patch PUP for Cobra files! OMG
And there is a lot more options in the builder
From haz367 comes PS3MFW Builder 0.2.0.0 Incl Cobracrapper 446/453 Task set for 446 Cobra MFW.
Download: Our_MFW_1.0.0.rar
PS: updated oldfart-lv0 task to incl Rebug-ITA/DEX style... and Cobra compatible lv0 patching: pastie.org/8580065
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Update: From RedDot-3ND7355: It would seem that i forgot to put create_tar2 instead of "create_tar" for the modify_devflash_files2 My bad.. there isn't any problem in the task itself... its in the base!
Now I updated the builder! Build: 0.2.0.2 now out.
From tiefputin2: From ps3dev channel on efnet, if someone can make a tcl:
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It should make sfo editing for remote play obsolete... and make disc games without sfo-enabled remote play-attribute flag finally work
From toolboy2012: Hi All, OK, fixes are done for the tcl version of the 'patch_file{}' and 'patch_file_multi{}' routines (called by the "patch_elf{}" func)
....so as I was saying before, you can use the modified function as is, if you don't need to mask any bytes/bits off, and the speed will not be changed..if anything the way I fixed it up is a bit faster, as I read the entire file into memory, then do the data searches, as the routine as it was before, read in '1' byte at a time from the file, so the routine was constantly accessing the hard drive non-stop until the function completed....
So when calling 'patch_elf{}' now, you just need to set a local var named 'mask' to either 0 or "" if not using it, as it's a required param to the function. If you need to actually set a mask, then actually set the mask string to the mask value....
As I said, when using the 'mask', the search will be much much slower, not too bad on small files, but for large files like the 'lv2_kernel' (3MB), the search takes 3mins. or more for each pattern match...
So I'm going to show a quick example below, for those may be a bit confused how this works:
1) Going to show an example for the patch "SysCall36 4.xx CFW part 2/3" (as in my scripts, part 2/3 & 3/3 I used the MASK setup)
2) In this example, I'm showing you the IDA disassem. for this section of the 'lv2_kernel' where the part 2/3 & 3/3 patches are,
comparing the disassem. for OFW 3.55, 4.46, & 4.55...
3) at the very bottom of this example, you can see the 3 'search strings', of the op-code patterns corresponding to each OFW version... when you look at them lined up above each other, you can see the op-codes that are identical, and where the differences are...
4) You can then look at the last string which is the 'mask', the "\xFF" byte in the real search will be AND'd with it's corresponding op-code byte, so in other words, if you need to 'ignore' where the differences are, then set those bytes or individual bits, in the mask, to "0"... hopefully this makes sense? if not, I can try to post another example?
(like I said, I'm working on a new 'patchtool.exe' now, hopefull this week it will be done, which should tremendously speed up our binary 'patching' time, makes much more sense to search/patch with a tool, rather than doing all that pattern matching/searching in TCL, as this stuff is where TCL is tremendously slow!)
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NOTE: When ever you need to USE a MASK, the size of the 'search' and 'mask patterns MUST be exact multiples of 4-bytes (32-bits), in order to make that search as FAST as I could. So you have to count the bytes in any of your search strings where you want to use the mask... if you need to add bytes on to make it an even amount, but don't actually want those added bytes to be 'included in the pattern match, then just make them any value, and set their corresponding values in the MASK to be '\x00'!!
i.e., in the example I showed above, the 'search' and 'mask' strings are 16-bytes in total length (ie 4 total count of '4-byte' chunks).
From haz367: whop, that's a pro way right there... it wasn't a difficult one, the updated 455 sysc36 part3,4 (from Reddot's fork) to find manually this time, it won't beat your way of doing it tho... hmm that IDA is interesting
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Awesome work toolboy!
From haxxxen: Just another thanks to you guys and toolboy2012, for making builder working again. it really works smoothly though i am using a modified version without cos auto repack and with selfrebuilder. maybe i will get isorebuilder also working next...
If i can recall right, there was already a demand of it, but after this forced latest ofw release i've took the chance and created once again a rebug spoofer update task. it will only update the spoofer for rebug mode and it will work for all versions 3.55.4 - 4.46.1.
Only problem is, it will not work as it is for the updated official ps3mfw builder and gives this "cannot find blabla.self.self" error. with my builder mod and selfrebuilder it works great, so maybe you can take a look at it RedDot-3ND7355 to make it fully working with your updated one and scetool. i have run it on all rebug versions, but only have flashed 4.21.2, so no guarantee for the others, but they also should work fine.
The task itself makes usage of the updated jailbait spoof task from euss, so it will spoof every entry in version.txt/index.dat and it will not update upl.xml. all other notes are remarked in the task, so it is selfexplanatory. it only includes the latest 4.55 version and a fun spoof of mine and can easily be updated.
And here my log for 4.46.1 (debug enabled): http://www.ps4news.com/forums/attach...chmentid=37180
Just a minor note on this, if you modify version.txt file with ps3mfw builder, the encoding changes to dos instead of unix. it works fine this way, but maybe there is a possibility to leave the encoding unchanged? ahh, and please ignore this rebug mode drex version. i have left it and it is only for personal usage...
Found now the problem. seems rebug have confused some things in their latest builds 4.41 and 4.46 some different question, but anybody knows what this secrect On/Off option from sysinfo is? it was medo from cmp who told me about it some time ago, but he also didn't know what it does. to get it, go under settings into system-settings->systeminformation hold L1+L2+R1+R2 and press select. there comes a On/Off message and it is turned off after every reboot.
Update #2: PS3MFW Builder 1.0.0 (Build 0.2.2.0) Official Installer Release!
RedDot-3ND7355 and B7U3 C50SS are back to share the latest update for their PS3MFWBuilder (linked above). For those that don't recall, this tiny GUI allows users to build their own custom firmwares by ticking a few boxes.
As if the creation process wasn't simple enough, that ease now extends to the installation too. Build 0.2.2.0 now includes a well-designed Windows installer to walk new users through the process. The one curious omission not found in this update is the ability to create firmwares with the 4.60 payload.
However, the developers do say that a revision is on the way to solve that shortcoming. Unless you know what you're doing, this is the kind of app to use at your own risk. Even though the building procedure is noob-friendly, any modified firmware installation technically has the potential to brick your system.
Just for fun's sake, the PUPs you make cannot be used for downgrading and do not run on OFW above 3.55.
Update #3: Update 3 of the Install Our MFW Builder.exe (linked above). This time we've updated the PS3MFW Builder have automatic configuration for your data folder which holds the keys and your TEMP folder as well!!
So settings are auto-corrected via install FROM simply installing. This includes your TEMP and data folder as stated before. Happy Building!!
About PS3MFW Builder:
For those that don't recall, this tiny GUI allows users to build their own custom firmwares by ticking a few boxes. As if the creation process wasn't simple enough, that ease now extends to the installation too. Build 0.2.2.0+ now includes a well-designed Windows installer to walk new users through the process.
Unless you know what you're doing, this is the kind of app to use at your own risk. Even though the building procedure is noob-friendly, any modified firmware installation technically has the potential to brick your system. The PUPs you make cannot be used for downgrading and do not run on OFW above 3.55.
Our Goal
Make people enjoy a better privacy from Sony, we do not support anti-piracy, tho the ps3 patches included in the tasks are capable of bypassing security to do so. I am truly sorry for that -Endless
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The Team
KaKaRoto - Founder
Code Monkeys - Founder
RedDot-3ND7355 - Developer
B7U3 C50SS - Developer
PSX Members - Contributors
Habib - Contributor
Update #4: Our team has just released a new update for the installer of PS3MFW Builder v1 which includes the latest build: 2.2.1! This new build has been set to fill your settings automatically for your needs and now installs on your C drive directly to remove errors such as black screen & packing errors!
PS3MFW updated for 4.65
* Default set for 4.65 basic/vanilla fully patched PUP like any Rogero, default HABIB:
5. PATCHED LV2 TO ADD PEEK/POKE SUPPORT and MORE
7. PATCHED LV1 TO ADD PEEK/ POKE SUPPORT and THE USUAL FOR DOWNGRADE
11.B !!NEW NOBT/BD PATCH NOT ADDED!! >> Added the LV1 NoBD Patch from Zecoxao, Select from Lv1 tasklist if REQUIRED
12. RSOD BYPASS (Not ENABLED by DEFAULT! -- Select if REQUIRED!)
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From littlebalup following the release of PS3 4.66 Firmware comes a 4.66_NO-FSM_patch.bin who states:
For those who need, I made a no-FSM patch 4.66 (linked above) with the details as follows:
- Made out of OFW4.66 CoreOS with minimum lv0 and spu patchs to allow CFW installation.
- Tested on NOR consoles (CECHL and 2K).
- PS3DumpChecker should be updated with this patch as embedded one.
Thanks playerkp420 for PS3MFW tips. Of course, there is new CoreOS in this patch. So, do not update if you want stay jailbroken.
How to add NoBD patches to any CFW
If you don't have a Blu-ray drive, usually you can not play any games or use any apps. If you follow this video, you can add the noBD patches that allow playing apps without a married Blu Ray drive. Also, can add RSOD bypass and/or Remove Bluetooth Firmware.
I was going to list some thanks to users. But I did not want to forget anyone. So I will just say thanks and all credits go to anyone and everyone that has had anything to do with MFW Builder (past & present). Also thanks to all the developers of CFW and homebrew apps. Without you guys, we would be lost.
Update #4: From RedDot-3ND7355: Released Build update 0.2.6.0 for 4.66 support!
- Fixed the lv2 that was patching 4.65 and not above (now patches 4.66 too).
Report if any error occurs.
Update #5: From playerkp420: The LV2 dump I posted was of 4.70 MFW I made with toolboy2012's MFW Builder here: PS3 CFW Creator (Updated PS3MFW UI and Design)
The 4.70 MFW I made with the MFW Builder from the guide in the first post, REBUG Toolbox and multiman did not dump LV2 correctly. But the one I posted looks to have dumped correctly.
Playerkp420_4.70_MFW: PS3 4.70 Keys / Playerkp420-MFW-LV2-FW4.70.bin / Playerkp420_4.70_MFW_PS3UPDAT.PUP (196.41 MB)
Use at your own risk. Only tested on CECH-2501A.
Update #6: From haxxxen: PS3MFW Builder Mod
Hi there. Due to some disadvantages and some minor issues with tools, i have made a mod of toolboy's ps3mfw builder release.
The major disadvantage of reddot's or toolboy's mfwbuilder, you cannot add, rename, delete files from pup file just as easy as with old original 0.2.1 builder. you have to do some annoying workaround to solve this problem and it was due to the tar re-creation routine he/they have used.
The other thing is, the created pups with their builders behave weird on installation. they work fine, nonetheless.. but if you exactly follow the installation procedure and notice the installation percents, the mfws created with either toolboy's or reddot's builder only go up to about 45 - 50%. this is not the case with original builder, where the pup installation percents go up almost completely.
This is a side effect of pkgtool from toolboy, which results in this behavior.
So i took the chance and made a hybrid of toolboy's mfwbuilder paired with original mfwbuilder. this one uses all of toolboy's tools and routines to extract pup, pkg and tar files, but it uses all the original routines to re-pack the pup files.
So no more problem on adding, removing, renaming files from pup with this builder version and there is also absolutely no permission problem from original builder.
Furthermore, i have changed the way of detecting and differentiating between old 3.xx and new 4.xx firmwares. this means, you can now modify this 3.55 dex downgrader and REBUG 3.55.4 CFW, or you can even create your own 3.55 downgrader, which have spkg support.
I also have modified all of glevand's 3.55 otheros tasks, to make it work with toolboy's patchtool. also i have ported all of his patches and they will work for 4.xx as well.
I have made myself now a 4.21OtherOs++ pup, and i do not have to go down to 3.55 anymore. i can resize with this pup on 4.21 just fine the hdd. for this i have added patches to either select 10gb or 22gb for linux vflash partition, which should be more than enough.
There are 3 folder with tasks, my personalized ones, toolboy's tasks and glevand's 3.55 tasks
Download: ps3mfw-mod.rar (3.9 MB) / ps3mfw-builder-0.2.1-mod (personalized)
Credits go to the original authors and of course reddot and toolboy! i have only modified most of the patches to be more dynamically. oh, and this version is for more advanced users and only at own risk!
Oh, and this version is for more advanced users and only at own risk. Small update: like mentioned, i have added now cinavia task, to patch out cinavia protection based on habib and mysis.
Running FSELF on CEX CFW
Finally, i have found now the missing last piece for running fselfs (fake signed elfs, mostly for debugging purposes signed with sdk tool) on a 4.xx cex cfw. yeeha!
I really have tried hard, to port this old mfwbuilder patch from ps3devwiki (found by mathieulh), but since 4.20 ofw, sony has changed appldr way too much and i couldn't find any corresponding patch address. the only thing i have found was the final branch, but not the function which has to be modified. it seemed to me, they have removed it completely, so no way to make it working again. the last ofw which still had this function intact, was 4.11.
This post made by Joonie on was the origin to my success and had all info already included:
My friend CMX recently shared his old reversing work that would be very useful in near future..
Currently I'm able to enable FSM mode with my old dongle and also can get out of FSM as long as CFW has MLT's lv2mem protection patch / a.k.a dev_flash whitelist patch.
It worked on 4.70 CEX/DEX fine, but I am having hard time installing PUP via old method.. we have a few idea of how we are going to use this.. I'll keep you guys posted if there is any success.
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Many thanks and credits go out to Joonie, who has posted all needed patches (found by cmx). unluckily there was one patch that has multiple occurrences, so you couldn't determine what has to be patched. it was the one for vsh.self, the most important, cause without it you cannot even start them and it will give that infamous 0x80029519 error straight away.
Probably many of dex users have encountered this error before, when trying to run npdrm_fself on a rebug cfw with dex target id. the problem there was that unsigned app patch from kakaroto, which has destroyed the ability to run npdrm_fselfs. on latest rebug it was circumvented with cobra, which has removed this (awful) patch.
And now i even have found a replacement for this patch on appldr thanks to that JFW 3.56 DH CFW, but i wasn't completely happy about this new patch and i have finally looked into vsh myself and have found that single patch that was missing.
I just have searched for that 0x80029519 error in ida and reversed it to the place where it branched and noticed a matching pattern for that patch that was posted by Joonie (which had about 430 occurrences!) so i could use the pattern from cmx there.
At first i have patched only vsh, to check any changes, and to my surprise it suddenly gave me another error message instead of this damn 0x80029519. so then i have applied all other patches and the result was my final goal. i could run a npdrm_fself signed app or a retail game resigned to fself without any problem or error message and that on a cex kernel with cex target id.
Here are all patches now based on 4.21, allow fself applications 4.21:
cex lv2_kernel.self
dex lv2_kernel.self
About using fselfs, it does not need any key resigning and just a simple cmd line to resign and compress them. on newer cfw there is not really need for it, but on older ones it gives so much more advantages than using retail signed ones.
Though, since 3.60+ ofw you will need the make_fself tools from 3.60+sdk, since there also has changed the signature or alike.
Just forgot to add, with fself you don't even need special fixes for lower 4.xx cfw. for example the game killer is dead also needed special fix for 4.21 to make it work, but if you run fselfs, you can use the unmodified original elf file and just resign to fself and it will run no matter what...
Quick port to latest 4.75 cfw (no guarantee!)
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I think i will add it to my mfwbuilder github soon, to make it work for every cfw.
I already have included original gameboot ac3 files from a 2.xx ofw, so i don't think it is needed to add the md5 sum here. it will automatically delete theme file from flash and add those two files into correct flash package (each next to matching coldboot file).
Though, to make the animations properly work, you have to modify rco main xml yourself (custom_render) and change values there. the one i am using has quite a fancy looking animation, and it will go straight into screen, and then it will even return a little bit. in the video it is not visible and i haven't catched it.
I was always into this mfwbuilder stuff and loved it from the beginning. to me it is for example, like modifying windows with nlite.
Now that i have mentioned the deletion of theme file, i have to add a check for this file, otherwise the task won't work for rebug cfw.
I have now added fself patch task working for every cfw. i also have added 3.41 and 3.55 old appldr fself patch into it, whereas i have fixed 3.41, cause the one listed on ps3devwiki is bad and points to completely wrong place. please remove it from there !!!
I also have fixed gameboot and patch epilepsy tasks (linked above).
Just a small update, but for now probably the last... i have added appldr patch for unsigned apps on 4.21 and also a small description of tasks.
Oh, and i also have updated my cobra 4.21 rex ports with standard cobra and ps3mapi cobra. it will fully work on windows when psl1ight is installed and configured.
Stupid github does not like bin folders or vsh.self.swp. i had to rename them and reupload... tzzz
From pinky: here are the gameboot audio files for anyone else interested:
Download: gameboot_audio.rar
They were taken from ofw 2.76. I had decrypted the pup quite a while ago while studying the gameboot audio. there's also a coldboot2 audio which are 782 kilobytes which eventually became the normal coldboot's afterwards.
coldboot 1's are 705 kilobytes. I believe the reason both coldboot 1 and the gameboot were removed was due to space. the following update was when the 16MB nor consoles were released. that's just a guess really.
Finally, for v4.75+ Keys and MFW builds see HERE.
I have made a nice update to my mod version. i have added lv2memory protection removal patch based on REBUG (thanks to Joonie)
I also have now added a task to enable gameboot sound and animation back. it was removed since 3.00 ofw, but (found on ps3devwiki, but i think it was) mysis has found now the patch to re-enable it back.
Here a small video i have made to get an idea of it. sorry for low quality and low sound, but you can at least hear it:
Download: APDC0315.MOV
Update #7: Playerkp420 4.75 PS3 MFW / Playerkp420 4.75 DualBoot PS3 MFW / Playerkp420 4.75 v1.01 CFW by playerkp420
More PlayStation 3 News...
01-02-2014 #15hishamage Guest
01-05-2014 #16PLAYER 1 Guest
Thanks for this tool, could you add a patch to avoid broken wi-fi check ? that cause blue screen al start up.
01-22-2014 #17SuperSaiyen Guest
I just used my older version of MFW builder to finally make and install 3.15 cfw. It is pretty awesome in that i still have my original OtherOS YDL6.0 and Zerogame partition which was not affected at all.
In addition, i was able to install and run an older version of showtime player i was previously unable to install/run. Even better, I was able to install and run One, and play my PS1 backups which i could not do before. I was using my ipod 2g to JB with a PL3 payload before, and i still have to use that boot method if i want multiman 1.16 to still work.
Been trying to find another backup manager that will work on this cfw, but none either work or ask to update to 3.40+. None of the emulators i've tried seem to work, eg. snes9x, Retroarch (and standalones). FBAnext cfw1.92 ran, but no matter where i locate roms folder, it says it doesn't find any.
Anyways, I am happy i still have my older emus still on linux, and now have showtime and PS1 player running on cfw. Wish i knew the difference on this lvl1 and lvl2 patched cfw and the PL3 payload as some of my prior Homebrew still only works with the JB method. Not sure if the signing is incorrect or newer fw features called that are not present in 3.15.
Multiman for example won't work on the cfw alone, as it could never enable BD emulation, no matter what BDemu.pkgs i installed. Think i'll recreate this MFW but spoof it to 3.70 next time just to try installing/running some homebrew that ask for higher than 3.15.
09-22-2014 #18MacHackzed Guest
Please help me hack My Ps3, when i first bought from Pakistan it it had multiman and stuff but i didn't knew about this stuff.
Now i know, please Help me install in my ps3? some files from links have been deleted.
Thanks in Advance
10-28-2014 #19Kenny5050 Guest
Great app! Is it possible to combine the features from different CFW such as MLT's 4.40 reactpsn rif licence bypass, Cobra 7.00, and Rebug's Debugging options into one CFW? I apologize for my ignorance as I'm very new to this and have minimal experience
11-23-2014 #20manny8975 Guest
Hope this works for me!


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Give Up the Smokes (GUTS) was developed from a successful mainstream program called Quit for Chronically Addicted Tobacco Smokers (CATS), and provided intensive support to Aboriginal smokers to quit smoking and raise their awareness about the harms of smoking.
Developed in collaboration with Aboriginal Health Workers, it was an evidence based program using best practice. Participants were evaluated at registration, at the end of the course, and at 1, 3 and 6 months after the course
A research project attached to the project collected data from participating sites to measure the program's effectiveness and add to the evidence base around Indigenous smoking cessation.
A training program was developed to enable Aboriginal Medical Services to run GUTS.
The organisations involved in the project are the Mid North Coast Division of General Practice, Galambila AHS and the UNSW Rural Clinical School.
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Short Story
Tyrannosaurus Rex
by: Loisse L., Grade: 4
Probably the most famous dinosaur of all. T rex was a fearsome beast, with long, jagged teeth and very powerful jaws.
Some scientist think T rex did not hunt . It may have been a scavenger-eating meat from dinosaurs that were already dead.
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Short Story


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Ask a Law Question, Get an Answer ASAP!
1. At the outset, you need to realise that if one party to a franchise agreement, or to any agreement, makes a misrepresentation in the course of negotiations, then that misrepresentation is actionable. Here, it appears manifest that the franchisor made actionable representations as to the level of support which would be offered to each franchisee and as to his or his company's level of financial support for the overall business. These representations were false. So they adversely affected the running and value of each franchise. YOu cannot fabricate selling points without there being legal recourse.
2. The second point about whether there will be any recoveries should you seek to go through the judgment process is more difficult. Here you need to find out what assets this owner of the whole business which has been franchised has. It may be that they are small and you might be better coat-tail on the legal actions of other franchisees, so if they get a judgment, it will act as a precedent for the settlement of yours. Ultimately, it may be that the business which was franchised will be wound up, in which case, each claimant will merely get so many pence in the pound. But you should also look at the assets of the owner of the business because this might be only one of several businesses he may have. So there might be more to recover.


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A lot of grief, But even more celebration Sunday at Grace Christian Center in Killeen.
It was three days ago three pastors at the church lost their lives in a car accident near Pflugerville.
The congregation was out in full force Sunday morning, not mourning their deaths, but celebrating their lives.
One member perhaps described it best: "Real people with a real purpose."
"Today we're crying, worshipping and celebrating," said Shelly Val Mores.
She and young believers Hannah Thompson, Maria Williams, and Elleana Roseburgh were there for the early service, remembering the pastors who meant so much to them.
Pastor Terry Whitley, one of the church's founders, who loved central Texas unconditionally.
"He himself would drive around the community praying for every member of the community," Shelly said.
Terry's wife, Pastor Jan, with a laugh that made others laugh.
"She was bold enough and strong enough, and grounded in god enough that she could laugh in the face of her own earthly mess-ups."
Pastor Steve Timmerman, who gave the kids dollars, donuts, candy; the Whitleys right-hand man.
"He was always faithful to other people," Hannah remembered. "He would just, like, pick people up from the airport, and so giving, and he didn't expect anything back."
That's what he was doing Thursday night: picking the Whitleys up from Austin after a mission trip, when a tire blew out.
All three died in the crash.
"It's really hard to believe that he ended up dying and they died," Elleana said, "but they're still here. They're just in a better place now."
Sunday's service, the first since the accident, was a celebration of their lives.
They've been called home.
"At that moment that their breath left their body, they were immediately with god," Shelly said.
"I really know that they're just always going to be there for everyone, even if they're not physically here," said Maria. "But they're always here in our hearts."
Always at the church, inside the walls that they brought meaning to.
"It's our intention to continue to walk in that legacy that they've left," said Shelly.
The church asked that we not take our cameras into the sanctuary Sunday morning, but from the lobby we could hear parts of the sermon from Dr. Earl Johnson.
Most striking was the laughter that came with celebrating the lives of the three pastors.
James Webb, JB to his friends, was still processing the tragedy. He had one word to describe it.
"Surreal. Like, it still hasn't set in all the way," he said.
JB's been in the Army 13 years. He's served five tours in Iraq and Afghanistan in the 82nd, the same unit Pastor Steve served in.
"As soldiers, we expect it overseas," he said. "We don't expect it here, so it takes kind of a while to process and deal with it."
Pastor Steve married JB and his wife, baptized his son. Pastors Terry and Jan were always there to talk.
"Today was not a grieving, it was a celebration," said church member Barbara Cline. "We know where they're at."
Many of the people walking through the sliding doors had smiles on their faces, a reflection not only of how the pastors preached, but how they lived.
"They were all full of life and jokes," said Rhonda Watson, a church member since 1996. "Couldn't have asked for a better place to be blessed and witness every Sunday," added Kenneth Watson.
"They've always helped keep me on the right path, you know, to stay in God's light," Natasha Moody, who drove from her new home in Waynesville, Mo., to be with her mother in the church where she grew up.
It's a light that continues to shine, just now with someone else flipping the switch.
"We'll have some sorrow, we have tears because we're normal," Cline said, "but we go on, and this church will go on."
"We're going to carry on their vision," said JB. "They were the shepherds, and the shepherds got called home, but that doesn't mean the work stops."
And neither does the celebration of those shepherds' lives.
There will be a memorial service for the Whitleys at the Killeen Civic Center Wednesday at 2 p.m.
Then from 6-8 p.m. Wednesday, there will be a visitation for Pastor Steve Timmerman, followed Thursday by his funeral at noon, both at the Grace Christian Center.


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Six years ago, they were calling him the best amateur golfer since Jack Nicklaus.
He breezed through the amateur circuit, winning the Porter Cup, Sunnehanna Amateur, World Amateur and Western Amateur. He set a qualifying record at the U.S. Amateur, was the low amateur in both the Masters and U.S. Open and left the pros looking up at him in the 1979 Western Open, when he was tied for the lead after the first round and was one behind at the halfway point.


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If you need someone to talk to who will listen just contact me. I am here to listen and to help in any way I can.
Remember God is with you.
P.S. I love your profile and avatar. They are really cool. (:
Last Login: 06/09/2017 10:29 pm
Registered: 08/06/2007
Gender: Male
Birthday: 03/16/1993


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DULUTH, Minn. — Isolated problems persisted Saturday in Duluth and the surrounding area from the bout of serious flash flooding a few days earlier, but for most who suffered flooding the focus had turned to cleaning up and surveying the wreckage.
In Duluth, where damage in the city alone is expected to exceed $100 million, standing water was still causing problems in two neighborhoods on the west side. Authorities had started letting evacuated residents back into the Fond du Lac neighborhood, but they had to pass through a police checkpoint, and some had to cross pools of water. Only those whose houses weren't seriously damaged were allowed to stay, said city spokeswoman Pakou Ly.
Residents in about 80 of that neighborhood's 200 homes were forced to leave. In the smaller West Skyline neighborhood, residents of 13 homes were still prevented from leaving Saturday, except by foot. But Ly said the neighborhood never lost electricity or running water, and a helicopter was available to respond to medical emergencies.
In most areas, both in Duluth and to the south, floodwaters were receding. Residents forced out on Wednesday and Thursday were returning in Moose Lake, Willow River, Scanlon and elsewhere.
City Administrator Mark Vahlsing said Moose Lake residents were holding a community meeting Saturday to talk about the next steps. About 120 homes and businesses were badly flooded in the town of about 2,800 people.
Officials with the Federal Emergency Management Administration are expected in Minnesota on Monday, and to be out in the region assessing damage soon after. Ly said in Duluth, teams of volunteers will be deployed starting Wednesday to help residents haul items out of flooded basements and remove debris from their yards.
While floodwaters are mostly receding, much of that water is finding its way into the Mississippi River, which is still rising, said Duluth-based National Weather Service meteorologist Dean Melde. That could cause spotty flooding in some low-lying areas along the river in the coming days, he said.
Duluth got a bit of rain Saturday morning, about a quarter-inch by noon. Isolated storms were forecast for later, but Melde said it didn't look like anything as serious as the heavy rains that caused the flooding. Starting Sunday, Melde said it was likely to stay dry at least into the middle of the week.


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So, as many of you unfortunately do not know, March 8th is International Women's Day (and, coincidentally, my dad's birthday- birthday shoutout!). Why don't you know? Because it looks like America is the only country in the whole world that doesn't celebrate it. Funny how the "most progressive" country in the world doesn't celebrate a day for women. But, I'll leave that soapbox for another day :) I wanted to tell you all about how I spent the holiday. First, I went to school and received some pretty plastic flowers from some of my students (that's the typical gift to give). Then, the classes were shortened so that all the female teachers had enough time to go home and get ready for all of us to go out to lunch together. Can you believe it? So, then we all met up and went to this restaurant where they were having this big celebration for International Women's Day. There was honestly about 400 women there from differnet schools and factories and other places of work. It was pretty amazing. Plus, because this day is so important here, all of the women go all out- they all get their hair done, they buy new outfits, the whole works. So, we all gathered at this restaurant that was PACKED with women (as you can see in the picture). Everyone from my school made it to our table and the traditional music began as we got our salads and drinks.
As soon as the music started, women started piling out onto the dance floor and started the oro. Now, the oro is Macedonia's traditional dance where everyone joins hands and does different types of steps all together in one huge line that winds around the room. There are many different types of oro- easy ones, difficult ones, ones just for men, ones that have a story behind them, etc. I've actually learned a couple of them (the easiest ones, of course) from being at different Macedonian celebrations, and truth be told, I kinda like it. We don't have anything like it back in the states, so I always try and get my oro on when I can. Here in the picture, you can see all the women doing the oro, and as far as I can tell, they're doing one called "6 forward, 3 backward". Anyways, so there was lots and lots of oroing, which was good times. Also present were the sweetest old ladies ever who are all members of this retired women's organization, and they really went wild! Seriously, these chicks know how to have a good time. These 60-80 year old women were dancing on top of their tables, swinging their scarves around and hiking their skirts up to do some fancy dance moves. It was awesome. So, we had our lunch and all did our fair share of dancing, but alas, the fun had to end and we all ended up going home around 6-ish. I'd like to think that the women went home to a clean house and an already prepared meal by their husbands, but I don't really think that's the case, sadly. But, in a country where women are generally underappreciated, it was great to see them really let loose and enjoy themselves, even if it was only for one day.
Thursday, March 10, 2005
1 Comments:
- At 5:08 AM, JIM said...
What a load of CRAP!! When's Men's Day, huh? And you can bet that we'd find something better to do than dance with a bunch of geezers. Leave it to women to take a perfectly good day off, try and do something with it and totally ruin it. Where's the booze?!? Where's all the strippers?!? What must people who don't actually know me think of my comments?!?


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Heading for a tutorial
Rask to meet with assistant Essensa
TORONTO — Tuukka Rask's best NHL days are ahead of him, but for now too many pucks are getting behind him. So he's going to sit for a while, until he and goalie coach Bob Essensa chase away the gremlins that have worked their way into the young Finnish netminder's game.
"We need him to play well,'' coach Claude Julien said yesterday, less than 24 hours after he hooked Rask after only 20 minutes in a 7-6 shootout loss Saturday night in Buffalo. "He'll find his game, no doubt . . . and he will find it soon.''
Things change quickly in the NHL, even for struggling netminders (remember Vezina-winning Tim Thomas losing the starting job to Rask last season?), but it's doubtful anything is going to change before tonight's conclusion of a five-game trip, when the Bruins take on the Maple Leafs at
In Julien's opinion, Rask's mechanics are fine, which means Essensa won't be looking to clip the wings from the kid's butterfly style. Rather, said Julien, Rask needs to reconnect with his confidence, focus his mental energy on being more the 22-12-5 backstop everyone saw last season rather than the 2-7-1 evil-twin version who lasted only a period against the popgun Sabres.
"I'd say it's more confidence now . . . head stuff,'' said Julien. "Mechanically, he's a sound goaltender . . . he needs to build his confidence back up.''
Of course, that's a classic chicken-and-egg situation: player needs to regain confidence, but coach is reluctant to stick with him. It's all the more difficult for goalies to work their way out of it, of course, because reduced ice time for a goalie means not playing — unlike being one of, say, 12 forwards or six defensemen who is trying to right his game.
Wisely, Rask kept his comments to a minimum after getting yanked Saturday. Asked if he were surprised to be supplanted by Thomas after 20 minutes, he offered only, "I'm not going to say yes or no.''
Later, Rask added, "I gave up some bad rebounds, it was definitely not my best [performance] . . . they weren't the weakest goals either, but . . . ''
Unless fatigue or injury hold him back, Thomas is Boston's puck-stopper in perpetuity. Or at least until Essensa the teacher gets Rask the student reconnected with his "A'' game.
Stomaching practice Gregory Campbell, felled by a stomach bug in the middle of this trip, returned to complete a full 45-minute on-ice workout in suburban Etobicoke, Ontario, late yesterday morning. Julien figured it's 50-50 whether Campbell will be fit enough to suit up against the Leafs. The plucky pivot practiced on a line that had rookie Tyler Seguin at left wing and Shawn Thornton the on right, with veteran Danny Paille working in as an extra.
"Not sure if I've lost weight, but I've only managed to have two meals in the last 3 1/2 days,'' said Campbell. "My suit felt a little baggy when I put it on today.''
Bone-jarring Johnny Boychuk took a slapper off the inside of his right ankle late in the first period Saturday night and slipped into the dressing room moments before the first intermission. "Not a problem,'' Boychuk reported after yesterday's workout. "One of those things. The guy's shot hit me right on the bone and everything went numb for a while. But it's fine today.'' . . . Zdeno Chara was delightfully surprised to learn of the club mark Saturday of four Bruins defensemen scoring goals. "That's a record, really? I didn't know that,'' said Big Z, who sometimes displays a refreshing Big Kid side to his personality. "That's great!'' Chara, Andrew Ference, Dennis Seidenberg, and rookie Steven Kampfer were the blue-line bombardiers . . . Nathan Horton has gone nine games without a goal. It's beginning to look a lot like Sunrise, without the sunny Florida skies . . . Milan Lucic has gone seven straight without a goal.


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- God did not put us here to be alone. We are here for each other.
- God did not put us here and leave us alone. We will exist even after this life.
- God did not put us here for Him to be alone. We will be called home.
- God did not put us here to feel like we're all alone. He came down to be with us.
- Existence is not futile it has a purpose.
But if that is the case then why do all of us hurt? Starvation happens all around the world. People can't afford their bills. People cheat on each other and get divorced. Men abuse women. Adults abuse children. People rot away with alcohol or drugs. Depression sets in to millions. Parents get old and become helpless. Children catch diseases that they do not deserve and we have to sit back and watch these things. And then after all that, people die. What is the purpose of us going through all kinds of hell. Why does God allow these things to happen to good people? Before you read on take time to read thought #11. http://ideasoftimreligion.blogspot.com/2008/09/xi-death-becomes-us.html.
God does not allow things to happen that are bad to punish us. He allows things to happen to prune us. In the book of John, Jesus talks about pruning the branches that do not yield fruit. Even though the tree has a purpose, it goes through some hard times. Its branches are pruned through those rough times so that it can grow back better and more fruitful than before. Pruning helps the plant be revitalized. Although sometimes cutting the plant seems futile and perhaps fatal, it actually helps the plant for the future. Pain may be part of our pruning. So though you may go through times you feel like you won't get through, the pain has a purpose. Life is fragile but it doesn't mean it has to break you.
God knows what pain is. His creation hates Him. His creation turned their backs on Him. His creation tried to execute Him. But He turned it around and sacrificed Himself for us. Take a look at the video below. Maybe it will help you understand.


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FRIENDS and colleagues of a hero firefighter who lost his battle with cancer are holding a fitness fundraising event in his honour.
Firefighter Rob Wright died last October after suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia at the age of 39.
The blue watch firefighter, from Wallsend, had celebrated the birth of twin boys with his wife Samantha just weeks before learning the cancer had spread to his nerves.
Now, in tribute to Rob – who was a keen 'Tough Guy' competitor – friends are holding a fitness fundraiser this weekend in aid of the Anthony Nolan Trust.
A number of classes – including body pump, body combat, body attack, zumba and ultimate workout – will take place at the Parks Sports Centre, North Shields, from 11.30am to 3.30pm on Sunday.
And activities have also been lined up that do not involve exercise.
Rob's former colleagues from blue watch will be taking along one of their fire engines at 1.30pm to allow children and adults get up close to the equipment they use, while there will also be a bouncy castle from 1.30pm to 3.30pm to keep youngsters entertained.
The event is being organised by Laura Watson plus husband and wife duo Deborah and Kevin Nolan.
And so far more than 50 people have signed up to the various classes.
Deborah said: "Rob was close friends with Kevin and Laura, and I went to the gym with him and knew his wife Samantha.
"Rob was a fitness fanatic and always in the gym.
"We found out last March that he had leukaemia, it was a bolt out of the blue. He got married in the April, then they had their twin boys, but then he died a few weeks later.
"It was very emotional for a lot of people as he was so young. He was just 39. He died just before his 40th birthday."
She added: "We're hoping to raise £1,000 from the event."
The Anthony Nolan Trust aims to raise awareness of blood cancer as well as funds to help treatment and research into the condition.
Clare McTaggart, senior community fundraising manager at the charity, said: "The fundraising that the trio are doing will make such a big difference.
"It costs around £100 to recruit each person to the Anthony Nolan register, so fundraising is a vital part of our life-saving work.
"The more fundraising we do, the more potential donors we can recruit onto the bone marrow register, and the more lives we can save."
Donations will be taken on the day, while there are still some places available on the classes.
There will also be a cake sale, tombola, sports massages, car valeting and a raffle featuring a number of prizes.
For more information contact the team via Facebook at The Fitness Event 2013; Twitter @doingitforrob or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com


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Economics in my lifetime (1953-)
1993 - for you twenty year olds
Stock market sets record
Unemployment above 7%
Underemployment erodes the middle class' ability to gain upward mobility
Huge amount of debt
Mr. Obama takes over in the worst economic recession in the post WWII Era.
The Beginning of the Reagan Era
Supply Side Economics
Trickle down promises
The Promise of Trickle Down taxation
I was born at night but not last night
Keynesian Era
1933 to 2013+
1929- 1933
Great Depression
US Economic Lifetime
Colonial Mercantilism
Dark Ages
Roman Empire
The Age of Emperors
Early Bartering and agriculture
The Double Coincident of Wants
Two people must want the same thing. Otherwise, there is no deal.
It takes a tremendous amount of effort to make deals.
Productivity is low.
Scarcity is a constant threat.
Economics and Politics
Where are we headed?
What reasons can you provide for why we are headed up or down economically?
What are the political solutions?
America was born in 1787 and so was its national debt. An Agricultural economy, along with fur trade and fishing created economic growth.
Each colony was limited by contracts, royal laws and government authorized monopolies.
Age of Boom and Bust
Work Hard, Save a lot, be exceptionally generous and invest wisely and always do what is right
1- Borrow from Americans not foreigners: 2- only borrow in order to be more productive
You must delay your gratification and save. Otherwise, we all fall into consumerism and foreign debt.
Debate the return to the gold standard: What will be the result?
47th major economic panic, recession or depression
2007 to 2009 - the great recession (18 months)
2001 - 8 months
1990-91 - 8 months
40th - episode
2001 - 8 months
46th episode
The Recession of 2001 lasted 8 months
45th Episode
The recession of 1990-91 came in the middle of Mr. GHW Bush's term.
1990-91 - 8 months
1981-1982 - 15 months
44th episode
The recession of 1981 - 1982 - 15 months long
Keynesian economic theory asserts that the government can borrow money in an economic downturn and stimulate the economy back into growth; thus reducing the length and severity of a panic or recession.
28 separate episodes of panics, recessions, and depressions from 1789 to 1929
There was a central bank from 1789 through 1833; no central bank until the Civil War.
The Great Depression
Mercantilism: allowed the government to disperse trading monopolies and limit economic competition. It had the benefit of reducing economic violence but kept industrialization low and prices high.
Feudalism -- is the notion that a man's labor is owned by his landlord. The highly structured series of rents and obligations greatly limited the versatility of labor and capital.
Budget --
The US has rarely balanced its budget since 1928. 6 out 85 times
The Budget has been out of control since the 1970s and the two oil embargoes.
Every president since Ford has borrowed more money that his predecessor (Except Clinton)
Study the chart below
What is the best measurement for judging the impact of the US Budget and the national debt have on the economy?
What applications do you see?
How much more money can we borrow?
What if China quits buying our debt? Americans long ago quit saving money.
Taxes are at historically lows in 2013. Should we raise taxes?
Future spending obligations are astronomical, how are we to pay for these future mandatory outlays?
A look at the economy in per capita terms
Budget terms:
Revenues or TAXES
MANDATORY expenditures (80%)
DISCRETIONARY expenditures (20%)
Deficit is when expenditures exceed revenues
National debt is the accumulated deficits
Balanced Budget amendment forces the government to balance its books
Laisseze-fare economic theory
Globalism and free trade
Key Players
FDR adopted Keynesian economic theory
Conservatives prefer Hayak
Reagan adopted Supply side economic theory
Reagan promoted "trickle down"
47th economic episode of negative economic growth
The Long Depression
Economics: Origins, Ethics, History, and Current Conditions
Biblical Ethics regarding money
Work hard
Give unto God and the Poor
Wealth is a blessing and comes with huge obligations (Job defended himself, "I indeed took care of the poor like I was supposed to (implying that he did not sin)
The well-to-do are to take care of the poor
Ezekiel 16: 48 lists the five sins of Jerusalem as
ignoring the poor
wasting your liesure time
No "workie, no Eatie"
No "Savie, no ever be Richie"
Lazy people are condemned
Obligated to take care of your family
Forbids going into debt
The LOVE of MONEy is the ROOT of ALL Evil
Indebtedness is a form of slavery
Strict rules about loans
Not allowed to charge interest to fellow believers or the poor
Cannot sell land (leased only)
YEAR of JUBILEE
1976 & 1980
End of Mr. Bush # 41 - 1992
Total National debt = 4,177 trillion
% increase = 49.2%
Amount borrowed = 1,493 trillion
Population in Millions = 255 m
Debt per Capita = $16,379
annual ave increase = 10.5%
Income per Capita = $14,847
debt as % of income = 110%
End of Mr. Clinton - 2000
Total National debt = 5,662 trillion
% increase = 22.5%
Amount borrowed = 1.485 trillion
Population in Millions = 282 m
Debt per Capita = $20,067
annual ave increase = 2.6%
Income per Capita = $22,346
debt as % of income = 90%
End of Mr. Bush #43 - 2008
Total National debt = 10,700 trillion
% increase = 75.2%
Amount borrowed = $5,038 trillion
Population in Millions = 304 m
Debt per Capita = $35,153
annual ave increase = 7.3%
Income per Capita = $26,964
debt as % of income = 130%
Midpoint Mr. Obama - 2012
after 4 and currently
Total National debt = 16,434 trillion 17,700 trillion (approx)
% increase = 48.4%
Amount borrowed = 5,732 trillion and 7 trillion (approx)
Population in Millions = 315 m
Debt per Capita = $52,152
annual ave increase = 10.4%
Income per Capita = $27,554
debt as % of income = 189%
End of Mr. Ford and Mr. Carter
Total National debt = 654 billion
% increase = xxx
Population in Millions = 218 m
Debt per Capita = $2,997
annual ave increase = xxx
Income per Capita = $5,271
debt as % of income = 57%
End of Mr. Reagan 1988
Total National debt = $2,684 Billions
% increase = 168.2%
Mr, Reagan borrowed = 1,554 trillion
Population in Millions = 244 m
Debt per Capita = $10,979
annual ave increase = 13.1%
Income per Capita = %13,123
debt as % of income = 84%
Total National debt = 930 billion
% increase = 36.6%
Mr. Carter borrowed = __276 B___
Population in Millions = 227 m
Debt per Capita = $4,097
annual ave increase = 8.1%
Income per Capita = $7,787
debt as % of income = 53%
Careful study reveals that Republicans borrow more than Democrats; Every president borrows more than the previous one; Mr. Clinton has done the best job statistically
Mr. Ford through 4 years of Mr. Obama
What measurement is the least political? Thus more honest?
Turn to your neighbor:
What does the budget look like?
% spent on foreign aid?
% spent on welfare?
Agriculture radically changed the economies;
Cities developed along waterways; Governments were created for self-defense and to protect property;
Coinage appears and radically changes the economy
Strong leaders keep order, establish justice and then cause troubles: such as over-taxation, abuses, and diseases
Empires facilitated the accumulation of wealth
Rome was brutal in its enforcement of law and order. The security of the Roman Empire promoted substantial wealth for a few. The Republic allowed for upward mobility but the Empire reduced a large percentage into a servile existence.
The Republic succumbed to the flood of slaves from Carthage and the flood of wealth reserved for those at the top.
1st century BC
The Roman Senate failed to represent all economic sectors
On one hand, the government created a monopoly which allowed for venture capital formation, it also led to price gouging
Feudalism took the labor value of many workers and trickled the power upward into the hands of the few.
As technology advanced, it became less useful for holding onto agricultural labor and manufacturing labor became far more productive and lucrative.
The political right to own property was critical to the development of democratic self-government.
The new Republic took on the old debt accrued under the revolution. The economy experienced many business cycles which is normal.
#19 --- Panic of 1873 and the Long Depression 1873-1879
#15 -- Panic of 1857 - Recession followed - 1857 to 1858
Recessions of 1869 (#18), 1865 (#17), and 1860 (#16)
Recessions of 1853 (#14), 1847 (#13), 1839 (#12), and 1836 (#11)
Free banking begins in 1836 -- Jackson ends the national banking system
#10 -- Recession of 1833
#6 -- 1815 -1821 a long depression
#5 -- 1812 recession
COPPER PANIC: First Recession started immediately in 1789 and lasted 4 years
#2- Panic of 1797
#3 - 1802 - 1804 recession
#4 -- First depression - 1807 to 1810
#7 -- recession of 1822 - 1823
#8 -- Recession of 1825 - 1826
#9 -- Recession of 1828 - 1829
#20 - the recession of 1882-85, #21 - Recession of 1887-88; and #22 - the recession of 1890-91
#23 - the panic of 1893; #24 - the panic of 1896
#25 -- The recession of 1899 -1900; #26 -- the recession of 1902 -04;
#27 -- the panic of 1907; #28 -- the panic of 1910
#29 - The recession of 1913; #30 - the recession of 1918 - (the Post WWI recession)
#31 - The Depression of 1920-1921
#32 -- The Recession of 1923 -24
#33 - the recession of 1926-27
Economic Episode #34
The worst case of economic cancer: millions of Americans were unemployed, underemployed, and starving.
Many Americans joined the Socialist and Communist Parties.
President Hoover believed that everything would work out OK if we just gave the system time to heal itself.
Instead, FDR won the 1932 election with the mandate to use the government to move economic recovery along faster.
The Debate has never ceased as to which theory is best.
#35 - The Recession of 1937-38
For sure, borrowing huge sums of money in order to win WWII pumped up the economy - 1.2% unemployment and built a huge industrial machine
#36 - as soon as WWII ended, the US economy went into a recession. 1945 - 8 months long
Notice that since WWII, the US has had 12 recessions, no panics, and no depressions
We have had a recession on an average of once every 5 and 1/2 years
#37 - Recession of 1949 - 11 months
The 12 recessions averaged 10.6 months long
#38 - the Recession of 1953 - 10 months long
#39 - the Recession of 1958 - 8 months long
#40 - the Recession of 1960-61 - lasted 10 months
Note: this recession played a part in helping JFK beat Nixon in the 1960 election.
#41 - the Recession of 1969-1970 - lasted 11 months
#42 - the Recession of 1975-76 - 15 months
The Oil Embargoes
This recession hurt Gerald Ford's re-election effort
#43 - The recession of 1980 - 6 months
This recession damaged Mr. Carter's effort for re-election
Mr. Reagan won while declaring that Mr. Carter was borrowing far too much money.
The combination of huge tax cuts, increased military spending, and the recession dictated that Mr. Reagan borrow huge sums of money. He borrowed more money than all the previous 39 presidents combined (1.7 trillion vs 930 billion)
Supply-side Economic Theory advanced by Mr. Reagan argues that if you increase the quantity of goods, the price falls and more people can afford to purchase more things with the same amount of income. Hence, deregulate business and let it produce more. And, lower taxes.
The promise of Supply side tax cuts is that as the wealthy get richer, they will spend their new wealth and the lower classes can find more and better jobs
The Democrats in Congress forced Mr. Bush to raise taxes. Mr. Bush forced the Democrats in Congress to cut spending. This led to a long period of economic growth.
The economy eventually recovered and grew for a long stretch.
Mr. Bush was roundly criticized for breaking his promise not to raise taxes.
The 9-11 tragedy played a role in this recession
I have lived through 10 recessions
We have averaged an episode once every 4.75 years
The Huge difference is that the ones since 1933 have been shorter and less severe.
less than 6%
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Poli 1223 - Economics and Politics
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Tony Litherlandon 28 April 2016
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Hally Davidson, a National Merit Commended Scholar and avid musician, began playing flute and piano at age 7. Hally has studied under Carl Hall for six years and periodically with Christina Smith, both members of the Atlanta Symphony. After four seasons with the Atlanta Symphony Youth Orchestra, Hally considers playing under Maestro Flint the highlight of her high school experiences.
Over the last 11 years, Hally has received several awards. She has been heard nationwide on NPR's From the Top! and is a Coca-Cola Artist-in-Residence for Atlanta Public Schools. Additionally, Hally has won the Atlanta Flute Club's Young Artist Competition, Cumming Rising Stars Concerto Competition, Atlanta Music Club Competition, Atlanta J.S. Bach Competition, Buckhead Youth Orchestra Concerto Competition, and Hilton Head Concerto Competition. She has been principal flutist at All-State for five years.
Hally has enjoyed playing in small ASYO ensembles at the Arthur Blank offices, Delta Headquarters, the International Monetary Fund Reception, Atlanta Symphony's Board of Directors Meeting, and Atlantic Station.
This fall, Hally plans to pursue music and biology at Agnes Scott College under their presidential scholarship. Hally looks forward to continuing her volunteer work with elementary students through the program she has written, Classical Music and the Trivium.


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What does YF mean in Amateur Radio?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand YF in the Academic & Science field in general and in the Amateur Radio terminology in particular.
Young Friend
Find a translation for YF in other languages:
Select another language:
Discuss this YF abbreviation with the community:
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"YF." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2018. Web. 22 Mar. 2018. <https://www.abbreviations.com/term/330493>.


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Interview with Celeste O'Brien, owner and therapist
How did you get involved in this business?
My business partner, Kina Ueda, and I have always had a strong desire to help people to connect and understand how their bodies work, help relieve them of pain and give a pathway to relaxation. Massage is the most effective work for doing all of these things. Also, our desire to create a supportive and loving work environment and a career path for massage therapists is what continues to propels us forward in our industry.
What distinguishes you from other businesses in your category?
We are not in the business of "massage" – we are in the business of creating relationships and human connection. When you walk in, you are welcomed as a guest in our house and treated that way all through the experience. We slow down and take our time to really listen to our clients. We specialize in treating chronic pain, injuries and much more. We believe that we excel in therapeutic massage treatments, but what sets us apart is the quality in the therapist, providing extensive training in many different modalities. Most important, we are educating our clients on how their bodies work and how they can have optimal health. If you teach people the understanding of how their bodies work, and how they can heal, you have then given them a tool that lasts much much longer than just the massage session they received. Thai yoga massage is a modality from Thailand that fuses the best of Eastern and Western, using passive stretching, acupressure and hot herbal compresses. It is an incredible type of work because it treats the person as a whole. This is the main influence in all of our work we do here. In addition to our therapeutic massage services, we also are expert sports massage therapists. We can work with any level of athlete. We have sponsored several cycling teams in Colorado for the last five years, traveling with the teams and providing post-race massages. Our therapists have the skills to take an athlete to the next level, working with them to really improve their performance, increase stamina and helping to prevent injuries.When you walk in our door, you feel at home and you leave feeling relaxed and comforted just the same.
What do you like best about your line of work?
That each day we can help people out of pain and into a space of calm and relaxation. What better way to spend the day then making people feel good. We are in a time of such busyness, here we get to slow that down, and for that time that people are here they get to quiet their mind and receive. The look of happiness and relaxation is the best part of my job. Also, as veteran massage therapists ourselves, we love being teachers of our craft, so to speak, to our therapists. Seeing them grow as professionals warms our hearts.
What is your business' biggest challenge?
The economy can somewhat be a challenge, but we look at it as an opportunity to teach people about the true value of their health. Also, massage can help people in so many many ways that staying focused on what we are really good at can sometimes be a challenge as well. We just want to help everyone.
Something people might be surprised to learn about you or your business:
While we are incredibly professional, we love to be silly and happy. In the summertime we rent bouncy castles, and all throughout the year we make sure to just have fun. If you have been into Symmetry, more than likely I have called you my best friend.
Business: Symmetry360 Massage
Address: 1224 Washington Ave., Suite 105, Golden
Hours: 10 a.m.- 7 p.m. Wednesday through Sunday
Founded: 2008
Contact: 720-524-3431; symmetry360massage.com
Employees: 15
To suggest a business for us to profile, e-mail email@example.com.


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Million Megohm Meter OR IR Tester (Insulation Resistance Tester) is an ideal instrument for measuring high resistance and insulation. Since it applies a highly stable IC regulated H.T up to 500VDC across the element under test, it serves the purpose of a megger also. It measures the insulation resistance of the sample under stress by subjecting it to the voltage. It has a measuring range of 1 Megohm to 100 Million Megohms in seven decade ranges and is capable of reading up to 100 Million Megohms (1016 Ohms) with accuracy operational amplifiers ensures low drift, low input bias current, highly stable performance. A separate HT-NORM-RX switch with amber colour lamp indication facilitates to link or de-link HT with terminal. The HT can also be across checked and set accurately in HT position by observing PSD and using fine and coarse H.T controls.
Measurement Range
1 Mohms to 100 Million Megohms in seven ranges
Within ± 5%
Test Voltage
High Stable: 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000VDC, adjustable accurately by Set H.T pot.
Overload Protection
Input operation amplifier protected against accidental overload in first four ranges
200µA moving coil type for good resolution
Power Supply
230V ±10% at 50Hz


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Bookmarks has not yet published a review of this book. We may do so in the future; in the meantime, please see the other review sources to the right and browse the information from Amazon.com below.
432 pages
Product Description

From one of our leading film historians and interpreters: a brilliantly researched, irresistibly witty, delightfully illustrated examination of "the marriage movie"; what it is (or isn't) and what it has to tell us about the movies—and ourselves.

As long as there have been feature movies there have been marriage movies, and yet Hollywood has always been cautious about how to label them—perhaps because, unlike any other genre of film, the marriage movie resonates directly with the experience of almost every adult coming to see it. Here is "happily ever after"—except when things aren't happy, and when "ever after" is abruptly terminated by divorce, tragedy . . . or even murder. With her large-hearted understanding of how movies—and audiences—work, Jeanine Basinger traces the many ways Hollywood has tussled with this tricky subject, explicating the relationships of countless marriages from Blondie and Dagwood to the heartrending couple in the Iranian A Separation, from Tracy and Hepburn to Laurel and Hardy (a marriage if ever there was one) to Coach and his wife in Friday Night Lights.
 A treasure trove of insight and sympathy, illustrated with scores of wonderfully telling movie stills, posters, and ads.


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- The Winner of the Tablet AND How Much Did We Raise For The ROYAL MARINES CHARITABLE TRUST?
- How hypnotherapy can help with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Duncan's weight loss and mud run challenge
- Duncan's Weight Loss Challenge – Part 7 How did I do after 90 days? The results are in
- How to improve the appearance of your skin, what ever your age or skin type
Watch the Hot Lava Shell Massage as filmed by Crawley Happy Times
As many of you already know, we were lucky enough to have a visit from Shelley Fagence Traynor of Crawley Happy Times the other week. They had heard all about us and wanted to find out why our clients love us so much. We asked Shelley if she would like to see just how fabulous the Hot Lava Shell Massage is and here is what happened ……………..


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Erik Larson--author of #1 bestseller In The Garden of Beasts--intertwines the true tale of the 1893 World's Fair and the cunning serial killer who used the fair to lure his victims to their death. Combining meticulous research with nail-biting storytelling, Erik Larson has crafted a narrative with all the wonder of newly discovered history and the thrills of the best fiction.
About the Author
ERIK LARSON is the author of four national bestsellers: In the Garden of Beasts, Thunderstruck, The Devil in the White City, and Isaac's Storm, which have collectively sold more than 5.5 million copies. His magazine stories have appeared in The New Yorker, The Atlantic Monthly, Harper's and other publications and his books have been published in fourteen countries.
Praise For…
"Engrossing . . . exceedingly well documented . . . utterly fascinating." —Chicago Tribune
"A dynamic, enveloping book. . . . Relentlessly fuses history and entertainment to give this nonfiction book the dramtic effect of a novel. . . . It doesn't hurt that this truth is stranger than fiction." --The New York Times
"So good, you find yourself asking how you could not know this already." —Esquire
"Another successful exploration of American history. . . . Larson skillfully balances the grisly details with the far-reaching implications of the World's Fair."—USA Today
"As absorbing a piece of popular history as one will ever hope to find."—San Francisco Chronicle
"Paints a dazzling picture of the Gilded Age and prefigure the American century to come."—Entertainment Weekly
"A wonderfully unexpected book. . . Larson is a historian . . . with a novelist's soul."—Chicago Sun-Times


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Part of National Museums Liverpool
Also in this section…?
Accession no: LL 9469
Object type: Snuff Bottle
Name: Snuff bottle
Materials: Rock crystal
Place made: Beijing (Peking), China
Date made: Qing Dynasty, 19th Century
Measurements: H. 5.3 cm
Description: Snuff bottle with pear-shaped body, and two archaic dragons in high relief; crystal.
Provenance A Lady of Title Collection; her sale, Christie's, 14 March, 1916, lot 58; purchased by Frank Partridge for Lever; £10 (for the whole lot); by whom gifted to the Lady Lever Art Gallery, 1922.
Literature R. L. Hobson, Chinese Porcelain and Wedgwood Pottery with Other Works of Ceramic Art, London: B. T. Batsford, Ltd., 1928, No. 769.
Continue exploring the collection | Search the collection | More on the dealers and collectors associated with this collection
© Copyright 2018


text: I have re-sealed my Canon A1 recently with new foam. They come from the factory with their original seal (made of foam) but with time going by the seals go bad (crumble into sticky little pieces) and cause malfunctions of the camera/lens or light leaks. I also replaced the mirror damper foam. If there is any interest out there I can offer you my re-sealing services for your SLR (including mirror damper replacement) for $20.00 plus $7.95 for shipping (Continental USA only). Money back guaranteed if not satisfied.