text:
Ernst BruckmÖ¼ller, Ernst Hanisch, Roman Sandgruber, Norbert Weigl. Geschichte der Ö¶sterreichischen Land- und Forstwirtschaft im 20. Jahrhundert. Politik-Gesellschaft-Wirtschaft. Vienna: Ueberreuter, 2002. 855 pp. EUR 49.90 (cloth), ISBN 978-3-8000-3859-6.
Reviewed by James Miller (FH-Joanneum University of Applied Sciences, Graz)
Published on HABSBURG (January, 2004)
Changing Seasons: Austrian Agriculture and the Imperative to Modernize
Changing Seasons: Austrian Agriculture and the Imperative to Modernize
The last time someone attempted such a broad overview of Austrian agriculture in the twentieth century was in 1956, but that was hardly a scholarly work, and focused mainly on the decade immediately following World War II.[1] For a remotely comparable book in terms of comprehensiveness, one must go back more than a hundred years, to the massive six-volume work on Austrian agriculture published in1899 to celebrate Franz Joseph's half-century on the throne. That work proclaimed that, "There has never been a fifty-year period in which agriculture has gone through so much change".[2]
In the present work, Roman Sandgruber rightly remarks that this statement applies even more aptly to the two half-centuries that have transpired since that work was written. In 1924 agriculture contributed 14.6% of Austria's gross domestic product, a figure that had dropped to 1.2% by 2000. In 1923, 39.9% of the Austrian working population made their living in agriculture and forestry. By 2001, it had declined to 5.7%. These statistics reflect not only massive changes in agricultural technology and productivity, but also profound changes in Austrian society as a whole. For that reason alone the present volume is welcome. But it has more than just its uniqueness and the importance of its topic to recommend it. It is on the whole a carefully constructed piece of scholarly craftsmanship--which is no surprise given the authors involved.
The book is divided into four large chapters, which are already announced in the title: the political, economic and social history of agriculture, and the history of forestry, each by a different author. As one might expect, there are some areas of overlap between the various chapters, but the authors have done a good job of dividing responsibility among themselves, so there is little unnecessary repetition. On the other hand, the book operates as four separate, independent essays, without a clear set of theses that serve as an organizational structure for the work. If there is a criticism to be leveled at the book as a whole, it is this lack of an overarching analytical framework.
Ernst Hanisch, whose chapter begins the book, makes an attempt to provide such a framework, but he does so only in approximately two pages, which is too little given the work's scope. A better solution might have been to begin the book with a co-authored introduction tying its various parts together. This problem is minor, however, when weighed against the authors' accomplishment in dealing so comprehensively with such a complex topic.
Hanisch has already written extensively on agrarian politics in Austria.[3] Some of the most interesting parts of Hanisch's contribution to the book are those that cast present-day Austrian agrarian politics in a new light. The chapter is divided into two parts, the first topically and the second chronologically organized. The topical section deals with political ideology, starting with the peasantist ideology that originated around the turn of the twentieth century. This world view was directed against the materialist values of classical liberalism, arguing that the peasantry served as a font of values important to the whole of society. Hence questions concerning the economics of agriculture had to be considered in the light of the peasantry's social and cultural importance, not just in terms of what might be the most coldly rational way to produce food. The ideology was also infused with Catholic social teachings, and so was reinforced by the strong alliance between church and Christian Social political organizations.
One of the advantages of this ideology was that it tended to obscure differences between various parts of the peasantry. The divergent economic interests of smallholders and larger farmers could be swept under the ample rug of peasantism. Hanisch does a particularly good job of treating the iconography of peasantism, with some very well chosen and suggestive illustrations. Some aspects of this ideology remain with us today, and peasant politicians, at least in their public appearances, continue to act as if there were a single, united peasantry. But despite the social and cultural importance they credited the peasantry with, the propagators of the peasantist ideology in the Chambers of Agriculture and the League of Peasants were unable to stave off the ravages of economic dislocation associated with the global agricultural depression that set in after 1927. Even the government of Engelbert Dollfuß, peasant-friendly as it was, was unable to halt the decline.
Hanisch also explains the failure of the Ständestaat under Chancellor Schuschnigg to transform its pro-peasant rhetoric into reality. In fact, a commitment to balancing the budget as the magic formula that would cure the depression took priority over all else, and support for agriculture amounted to little more than half measures, according to Hanisch. This, in turn, opened the way for modest Nazi inroads in the countryside.
After the Anschluss, the peasants' attitude remained a rather skeptical one. While they were put off by many aspects of Nazi ideology, they were hopeful that the Nazis would provide stability and economic growth. What they got was a mixed bag that demonstrated the wisdom of their skepticism. The Nazi government initiated measures that transformed short-term debt into long-term debt at modest interest rates. This helped to save a large number of farms that were on the brink of financial ruin. On the other hand, the military, the Labor Service, and the munitions factories vacuumed the countryside of almost all available labor, which drove up the price of hired help. Higher production costs meant that in 1939 farm profits were actually lower than they had been in 1937. Hardest hit were the peasants in mountainous regions.
With the coming of war, the ambivalence of the peasantry intensified. It was rare for a peasant to join the resistance movement, but it was also rare for one to be an outspoken Hitler supporter. Hanisch describes this phenomenon as the "speechlessness of the peasants." Nazi attempts to cultivate an alternative religious culture to that of traditional Catholicism also failed. Resistance against the regime took passive forms, while solidarity with those at the front remained unbroken.
After the war this peasantist ideology was replaced by a more technocratic perspective, which emphasized an increase in productivity through rationalization as the best method to assure the survival of Austria's agricultural population. This so-called "third way" (as opposed to socialist collectivism and American-style agricultural capitalism) continued to present the peasant as something special, following a form of life worthy of preservation for its own sake. This attempt to accommodate Austrian peasant modes of production to a global capitalistic agricultural market proved to be anything but easy. The numbers of people making their living primarily in the agricultural sector continued to decline.
Obviously, rationalization alone had not been the answer. In the 1980s another approach was taken, one associated with the concept of an eco-social market economy. Promoted by Josef Riegler, who united in his person the offices of agriculture minister, Austrian People's Party chairman and vice-chancellor, this new ideological tack presented the peasant as one of the most important actors in the preservation of the environment. The problem was that market capitalism did not have a way to correctly account for environmental costs. If new pricing mechanisms could be created that included the economic impact of ecologically harmful practices, the more ecologically sound practices of Austrian farmers would allow them to compete successfully in the marketplace. In the second half of the nineties, however, this eco-social approach has been overwhelmed by the forces of neoliberalism within the Austrian People´s Party and by the imperatives imposed by Austria's entry into the European Union in 1995.
Oddly enough, despite the declining numbers of peasants, the establishment of the social partnership assured agriculture a powerful place at the table in the postwar era. Because of this neo-corporatist system, by the 1970s agrarian politicians had a much larger voice in national politics than the numerical strength of the peasantry justified. The fate of this disproportionate influence, however, depended utterly on the health of the social partnership. In moving away from this concept as a model for organizing the Austrian economy, the present neoliberal government of Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel seems poised to reduce the power of one of his party's main traditional sources of support.
Hanisch sees a closing of a circle underway here. The smallholders of the nineteenth century were only able to keep their heads above water by diversifying their sources of income, through such activities as domestic industry. The Austrian peasant of the twenty-first century will also have to diversify economically, drawing income from tourism, direct marketing, and secondary employment of all kinds, "limited only by the extent of personal imagination" (p. 71). The state will almost certainly be a less generous partner in this process than it has been in the past.
In painstaking detail Roman Sandgruber traces these developments from a more strictly economic perspective, examining all segments of Austrian agriculture in the process, from potato, milk and beef production to such niche products as pumpkin seed oil and cider. Fortunately for the reader, he cannot keep his interdisciplinary interests in check. So he begins with a digression into cultural history, which examines the changing image of agriculture and the peasantry in Austrian popular culture. He then turns to his main theme, the really quite remarkable increase in agricultural productivity that has taken place over the last one hundred years. Average yields per hectare of basic crops such as wheat and barley have more than quadrupled, while corn yields have seen an astounding six-fold increase in the last eight decades. Wine production has more than doubled, though the real story with wine has been the dramatic improvement in quality that has occurred in the last twenty-five years in the wake of the wine scandal. Milk production per head trebled in the same time span. Productivity increases per unit of land are all the more remarkable, because they have also been accompanied by comparable increases in productivity per unit of labor. The number of persons employed in agriculture has fallen from 1,4 million in 1922 to 261,500 eighty years later.
This increase in productivity came at a high cost, however. Investments in machines, fertilizer, herbicides and pesticides increased in percentage terms even more than yields did. The limitations of this kind of intensive agriculture have already appeared. Ecological costs in the form of water pollution, soil erosion and compaction, a reduction in the diversity of species of wildlife and flora found on agricultural land and the destruction of closed ecological systems have all become increasingly apparent. The high ecological costs of intensive conventional farming, as well as increased consumer awareness of them, have contributed to a growing interest in organic farming in Austria. The number of organic farms jumped from 200 in 1980 to almost 100 times that number twenty years later. With now some 10 percent of farms operating organically, Austria leads its fellow members of the European Union in this regard. The human costs of high-input conventional agriculture have also been great. In order to afford these costly investments, larger and larger numbers of Austrian farmers have had to find employment off the farm, while their wives are left with the triple burden of house, field and stall.
This socio-cultural dimension of agricultural change is expanded upon by Ernst Bruckmüller in the third chapter. Bruckmüller argues that in the course of the 20th century Austrian peasant society was transformed into a rural society in which peasants are actually in the minority. An entire social system has withered away in the process. Peasant society was founded on the peasant household and holding--the Hof --with its well-developed patriarchal hierarchy, rigid gender roles and emphasis on preservation of the Hof at all costs. In the village power was ordered on the basis of the size of the holding or the role of the individual in village institutions such as the church or school. These social patterns were reinforced by traditional religion and folk tradition, which Bruckmüller also examines.
In the new rural society, gender roles blurred. Patriarchy, while by no means dead, is increasingly being undermined. The preservation of the Hof is for many contemporary rural families no longer the single most important goal. Taking its place is the desire to secure opportunities for the next generation, ones that may well be found off the farm. Now power in the village is, to quote Bruckmüller, "much more a matter of education, social competence and business acumen than the size of the holding" (p. 416). Peasant society simply does not exist in its traditional form any more.
Some twenty years ago I had occasion to work for a month on a farm in Salzburg. On a memorable occasion, the septuagenarian head of the household, in the midst of an animated discussion, stood up from the table at the local tavern, struck his breast and proudly declared, "Ich bin der Bauer!" For him, the pronouncement still had profound meaning, because of all the traditional associations being a Bauer carried with it. The old man died a few days before this review was published. Operation of the Hof has been taken over by his son, who is unlikely ever to make a similar statement, at least not with the same level of meaning attached. That fact alone is a measure of how much the life of the village has changed just in this one peasant's lifetime. It is a transformation that Bruckmüller, Hanisch and Sandgruber brilliantly sketch for us.
While the first three chapters of the book have many points of convergence, the fourth chapter appears tacked on in some ways. It deals almost exclusively with the economic aspects of Austrian forest history, with few connections made to the social, political and cultural themes touched upon by the other three authors. Norbert Weigl argues that the forestry industry was the foundation of Austria's economy in the interwar period, particularly regarding exports. Yet he concedes that the collapse in lumber prices on global markets after 1928, which became especially acute in the 1930s, made forestry a rather weak foundation to build upon.
The low profitability of Austrian forests was not, however, a problem in the eyes of the German leadership as they contemplated invading Austria. Indeed, the rich supplies of wood provided one important reason for invading. With the Anschluss, the problem of insufficient demand for wood disappeared overnight. Germany's massive building program devoured timber resources. Austria's foresters began cutting at unprecedented rates to keep up with the demand, cutting at as much as 163 percent of the replacement rate in 1940. This turnaround had a political dimension, as well. Whether Austrian foresters became Nazi sympathizers already before the Anschluss, or whether they converted out of opportunism after it, is a question Weigl in unable to answer. He does, however, state that once Austria was incorporated into the Reich, 94 percent of her foresters became party members.
The emphasis on production over conservation continued into the postwar period, as lumber was desperately needed for purposes of reconstruction. Only beginning in the 1960s were some isolated voices raised calling for greater emphasis on sustainability. By then Austria's forests had already undergone decades of degradation, with decreasing fertility of the soil as one consequence and increased susceptibility to disease as another. It was not until the 1980s, however, that concrete measures were undertaken to reverse these trends. Closely related to this change was a new concept regarding the ends of forestry, summarized under the heading of multi-use husbandry. This new approach recognized the many different functions forests serve in addition to supplying lumber, including their role in water resource management, tourism and recreation and maintenance of ecological equilibrium in general.
As a stand-alone essay in the economic history of Austrian forestry, the chapter is quite successful. As a companion to the other three chapters, it is less so. It lacks their interdisciplinary breadth and scope of analysis. The statistical information included to back up the argumentation often appears a bit undigested, especially compared to Sandgruber's chapter. This, however, is a very thick tome, and it was almost inevitable that some of its parts would be stronger than others. Taken as a whole, it is a wonderful addition to our understanding of twentieth-century Austrian history and belongs on the bookshelf of every serious student of the topic.
[1]. Österreichs Landwirtschaft: Der österreichische Bauer im Dienste des Wiederaufbaues (Vienna: Sator Verlag, 1956).
[2]. Michael von Kast, ed., Geschichte der österreichischen Land-und Forstwirtschaft und ihrer Industrien 1848-1898 (Vienna: Perles, 1899-1901).
[3]. Ernst Hanisch, "Bäuerliches Milieu und Arbeitermilieu in den Alpengauen. Ein historischer Vergleich," in Rudolf G. Ardelt, ed., Arbeiterschaft und Nationalsozialismus in Österreich (Vienna: Europa Verlag, 1990), pp. 583-598; see also his Der lange Schatten des Staates: Österreichische Gesellschaftsgeschichte im 20. Jahrhundert (Vienna: Ueberreuter, 1994).
Copyright (c) 2004 by H-Net, all rights reserved. H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for nonprofit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author, web location, date of publication, originating list, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. For other uses contact the Reviews editorial staff: email@example.com.
If there is additional discussion of this review, you may access it through the network, at: https://networks.h-net.org/habsburg.
James Miller. Review of BruckmÖ¼ller, Ernst; Hanisch, Ernst; Sandgruber, Roman; Weigl, Norbert, Geschichte der Ö¶sterreichischen Land- und Forstwirtschaft im 20. Jahrhundert. Politik-Gesellschaft-Wirtschaft.
HABSBURG, H-Net Reviews.
January, 2004.
URL: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=8666
Copyright © 2004 by H-Net, all rights reserved. H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for nonprofit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author, web location, date of publication, originating list, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. For any other proposed use, contact the Reviews editorial staff at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Windlesors Surname Ancestry Results
Our indexes 1000-1999 include entries for the spelling 'windlesors'. In the period you have requested, we have the following 2 records (displaying 1 to 2):
Try these...
windla windlass windle windle-taylor windleborough windleborrow windlebourgh windlebrough windleburow windlebury windleis windlekn windler windles windles' windlesey windlesham windleshour' windlesor' windlesore windlesores windless windlestorp windley windlikin windlow windluffe windman windmere windmil windmill windmills windmore windmueller windmuller windo windoe windome windon windor
These sample scans are from the original record. You will get scans of the full pages or articles where the surname you searched for has been found.
Your web browser may prevent the sample windows from opening; in this case please change your browser settings to allow pop-up windows from this site.
Want to be alerted about new results for this search?
Subscribe to this web feed
Research your ancestry, family history, genealogy and one-name study by direct access to original records and archives indexed by surname.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A buff couple.
- The definition of buff is slang to describe a muscular person.
An example of buff is Jillian Michaels, the celebrity personal trainer.
- A buff is a person who is a big fan of or knowledgeable about something.
An example of buff is someone with their house decorated in David Lynch film posters.
- Buff means to smooth, clean or shine by rubbing.
An example of to buff is using a many textured foam block to smooth and shine finger nails.
- a heavy, soft, brownish-yellow leather made from the skin of the buffalo or from other animal hides
- Historical a military coat made of this leather
- a stick or small block covered with leather or cloth, used for cleaning or shining
- buffing wheel
- a dull brownish-yellow color
- Informal a devotee or enthusiast, as of a particular area of interest: a jazz buff
Origin of buffearlier buffe, buffalo from French buffle from Italian bufalo, buffalo
- made of buff
- of the color buff
- Slang physically, often sexually attractive, as by being pleasingly fit and muscular or having a sexually desirable figure
- to clean or shine with a buff or treated cloth
- to make smooth or soft like buff
in the buff
Origin of buffMiddle English and Old French buffe: see buffet
- A soft, thick, undyed leather made chiefly from the skins of buffalo, elk, or oxen.
- A military uniform coat made of such leather.
- A pale, light, or moderate yellowish pink to yellow, including moderate orange-yellow to light yellowish brown.
- A piece of soft material, such as velvet or leather, often mounted on a block and used for polishing.
- Made or formed of buff: a buff jacket.
- Of the color buff.
- buff·er, buff·est Slang Having good muscle tone; physically fit and trim: buff athletes lifting weights at the gym.
transitive verbbuffed, buff·ing, buffs
- To polish or shine with a piece of soft material.
- To soften the surface of (leather) by raising a nap.
- To make the color of buff.
Origin of buffFrom obsolete buffle buffalo from French buffle from Late Latin būfalus ; see buffalo .
Origin of buffFrom the buff-colored uniform worn by New York volunteer firemen in the 19th century, originally applied to an enthusiast of fires and firefighting
(plural buffs)
- Undyed leather from the skin of buffalo or similar animals.
- A tool, often one covered with buff leather, used for polishing.
- A brownish yellow colour.
- A military coat made of buff leather.
- (informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject; an enthusiast.
- He's a history buff.
- (gaming) An effect that temporally makes a gaming character stronger.
- (rail transport) Compressive coupler force that occurs during a slack bunched condition.
- The bare skin.
- to strip to the buff
- The greyish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat.
(comparative buffer or more buff, superlative buffest or most buff)
- Of the color of buff leather, a brownish yellow.
- (bodybuilding): Unusually muscular. (also buffed or buffed out)
- The bouncer was a big, buff dude with tattoos, a shaved head, and a serious scowl.
- (slang) attractive.
(third-person singular simple present buffs, present participle buffing, simple past and past participle buffed)
From buffe ("leather"), from Middle French buffle ("buffalo").
(third-person singular simple present buffs, present participle buffing, simple past and past participle buffed)
- To strike.
Old French bufer ("to cuff, buffet"). See buffet ("a blow").
- (slang, US, Air Force) Big Ugly Fat Fellow (Fucker); US Airforce nickname for the B-52 bomber.


text: >The root filesystem is ~1500k, and fills up during the newfs phase. Am I >missing something obvious? > >I'm building a new bootfloppy-big with a 2880k ramdisk, but I doubt this is >a "correct" solution. What's the deal? /tmp fills up. when i did this last, i just waited until it crashed, killed sysinst, rm -rf'ed /tmp, and did a ln -s /mnt /tmp. you end up using the ram disk for scratch space until the first partition is mounted, and then you get to use that. presumably you have more disk space on the harddisk than you do on the ramdisk. :) -- |-----< "CODE WARRIOR" >-----| firstname.lastname@example.com * "ah! i see you have the internet email@example.com (Andrew Brown) that goes *ping*!" email@example.com * "information is power -- share the wealth."


text:
Monday, February 2, 2015
Catholic Journal Prompts: Love Edition
However, it is not always easy to journal. Having some journal starters is an enormous help to overcome the menace of "blankpaperitis". This is the first of a series of journal prompts that I would like to share. Each set of prompts will focus on a particular theme. The prompts will be drawn from the scriptures, the lives of the saints and some other personal reflections. Please feel free to share these and add your own ideas in the comments below!
This edition's theme will be on the virtue of love....
Click here for other editions of Catholic Journal Prompts
Journal Prompts from the Scriptures
In John's Gospel 15:12-13, Jesus says: "This is my commandment: love one another as I have loved you. No one has greater love than this, to lay down one's life for one's friends." Not all of us are called to physically die for another person, but we are all called to die to ourselves each day as an act of love for those around us. Journal about opportunities you have each day to die to yourself.
Meditate on 1 Cor 13:4-7. Substitute your own name for the word love. Ask yourself the questions: where am I doing well and where do I need to grow? Ask the Lord for the grace to work on your weaknesses and fortify your strong points.
1 John 4:18: "There is no fear in love, but perfect love casts our fear." Journal about the things that cause you fear. After you have made your list, ask the Lord to bathe each of these areas in His perfect love.
In Psalm 63:3, the psalmist praises God in response to his love saying: "Because your steadfast love is better than life, my lips will praise you." Journal a litany of praise to the Lord for his steadfast love in your own words.
In John 14:21, Jesus provides the litmus test of loving God: "Whoever has my commandments and observes them is the one who loves me." Do an examination of conscience asking the Lord to help you see the areas in your life where you may not be fully observing God's commandments. Ask the Lord for forgiveness for those ways you have not loved him.
Journal Prompts from the Saints
"We have loved them during life, let us not abandon them until we have conducted them by our prayers into the house of the Lord." St. Ambrose's quote reminds us that our love for our deceased friends and families continues into eternity. Journal your prayers for the souls of your loved ones, asking the Lord to release them and the souls who have no one to pray for them from the purifications of purgatory into the glory of Heaven.
St. Catherine of Siena reminds us of the power of God's love saying: "I (God) can love you more than you can love yourself and I watch over you a thousand times more carefully than you can watch over yourself." In your own words write an act of surrender to the Lord, giving over your life, your cares, your concerns, your goals and your dreams to him. Allow him to take control of your life, trusting in his infinite and unconditional love.
St. Josemarie Escriva exhorts us: "Don't be afraid to call Our Lord by his name, Jesus, and to tell him that you love him." Write a love letter to Jesus - be specific in the ways you love Him and thank Him for the grace of loving him.
One of Blessed Mother Teresa's most famous quotes is "Not all of us can do great things. But we can all do small things with great love." I seriously struggle with this quote. It is not easy or natural for me to do the little things, like folding clothes, or scrubbing toilets etc. without grumbling and complaining. In your journal, make a list of the little things in your life that you can transform through performing these tasks with love. Each day, make a concerted effort to approach these mundane tasks with love - journal the results. I'm starting with the dreaded unloading of the dishwasher.....
"Lord, grant that I might not so much seek to be loved, as to love." With these words, St. Francis of Assisi challenges us to put the act of loving ahead of the benefits of being loved. Ask the Lord to give you opportunities to show love versus seeking love each day - take a checkpoint in your journal each night to see how you did.
Personal Reflections
What is the most powerful act of love someone has ever shown you and why?
Think about a person who really gets under your skin - someone in your life that you just don't like. Ask the Lord for the grace to love that person and specific ways you can demonstrate that love to them. Be sure to journal any ways your relationship changes as a result of this.
In the first century. Tertullian wrote a famous line: "See how those Christians love one another." The witness of the love of the early Christians drew converts to Christianity. Reflect in your journal about times when you have witnessed love among other Christians and how that love has impacted your own faith.
Resources for Further Meditation and Study
Gary Chapman's book The 5 Love Languages: The Secret to Love that Lasts lists the following five ways most people receive love: Quality Time, Words of Affirmation, Acts of Service, Receiving Gifts, and Physical Touch. In your journal pray about what your spouse and children's love languages are and list ways that you can show them love in those languages.
Alex and Stephen Kendrick's The Love Dare and The Love Dare for Parents provide a wide variety of ways to grow and show love to your spouse and children. Both of these books provide ways to journal your experiences of taking the Love Dare.
Please note that this post contains Affiliate Links - which basically means that if you click and shop through any of the Amazon, my domestic church will receive a small commission. Woo-hoo! We greatly appreciate the support!
6 comments:
Debbie - This is a wonderful post and I am inspired by it. I have wanted to begin writing in a journal again. And with a teenager in the house I think I am going to look into the Love Dare for parents, I will be sure to click through your link. Thanks!ReplyDeleteReplies
Thanks so much for stopping by Christina!Delete
This comment has been removed by the author.ReplyDelete
Love this idea!ReplyDelete
I have the daily Mass readings forwarded to my email address as I can't attend Mass each day. Something in one of those readings will trigger something in me. To add further detail sometimes I refer to the full scripture, other times I look for a coloring page, and art work or a photo to further visualize this, some times it's just a single word: Acceptance is what I'm working on now.ReplyDelete
Thanks for this it will be really helpful! Also, I read your bio and everything except speaker fits my mother which is amusing, and perhaps I'll be back with her!ReplyDelete


text:
|Sam Kay (talk)
|Date Created:
|Please feel free to edit constructively!
|Spydric Dodge
|Spider Rider Utility 22
|A millisecond before you are hit with a burst of fire, you leap nimbly out of the way; the blessings of the salticid giving you strength.
|Usage::Daily ✦ Arachane
|Action Type::Immediate Interrupt
|Trigger: You are hit by an area attack or close attack.
|Effect: Shift a number of squares equal to your Charisma modifier (minimum 1).
Back to Main Page → 4e Homebrew → 4e Powers → Spider Rider Powers
Back to Main Page → 4e Homebrew → Sourcebooks → Arachonomicon; the Book of Spiderkind → Powers.


text:
PR firm feels heat from Sculley, severs deal with pension fundMarch 1, 2014 Updated: March 1, 2014 11:06pm
Under pressure from City Manager Sheryl Sculley, local communications firm KGBTexas terminated its public-relations contract with the San Antonio Fire and Police Pension Fund on Friday.
KGB, which has a long list of clients in both the public and private sectors, represented the pension fund during last year's state legislative session.
Most Popular
GrayStreet proposes 20-story hotel and office tower next to...
FedEx: Suspect sent 2 packages; 1 exploded at San Antonio-area...
Rickhoff kicks off Bexar County judge race with attacks on...
Woman convicted in pit bull attack formally sentenced
Port San Antonio CEO steps down under pressure from board
After a post-session lull, the pension-fund board put the firm on retainer again late last year to shape its public message while a city-appointed task force examined San Antonio's legacy costs for uniformed officers.
Shawn Ury, chairman of the pension-fund board, said representatives for KGB — which also has done substantial contract work for the city over the past several years — told him Friday that their business was being threatened by Sculley's disapproval of the firm's connection with the pension fund.
According to Ury, KGB not only faced the threat of being blackballed from future city contracts but also having some of its private-sector relationships damaged.
"Sheryl had kind of threatened that she was going to the (San Antonio) Chamber (of Commerce)," Ury said. "KGB's reputation with the chamber was kind of the last straw for them; so they called us and said they had to withdraw from the engagement.
"I think for KGB, it was one thing to have the city saying they're not going to do business with them anymore, but to have Sheryl ruin their reputation with their other businesses in the community — that's their bread and butter."
Sculley did not communicate directly with the firm about her opposition to the contract, but used a messenger to relay her feelings about it, sources said.
Di Galvan, communications director for the city, denied Sculley imposed any pressure on the firm.
"This is not how the city conducts business. Anyone that seeks a contract with the city goes through a competitive procurement process," Galvan said in a Friday email to the San Antonio Express-News.
Two weeks ago, the city filed an open-records request with the pension fund, seeking information on the pension fund's contract with KGB. Galvan explained the filing by saying, "We heard the pension fund hired a PR firm and (were) interested in the scope of work."
The open-records request, however, was viewed by some people associated with the pension fund as an implied warning, a statement to KGB that its relationship with the pension fund was not acceptable to Sculley.
In a statement provided to the Express-News, KGBTexas CEO Katie Harvey alluded to suggestions, presumably from the city, that a conflict of interest existed for KGB because the firm was working on a recruiting effort for the Police Department at the same time it represented the pension fund.
"While we have worked with the fund for the last several years and have never been faced with a conflicting position between the city and the pension fund, we now find that while we have absolutely no involvement with the (police and fire) associations, the perception of being at conflict with the city is not something that we feel is in the best interest of the agency or our relationship with the city," Harvey wrote.
One irony behind this brouhaha is that the pension fund appeared to be the least contentious component of the task force's recent discussions about the rising costs of uniformed-employee benefits.
Most of the attention focused on active-duty health care, which is negotiated at the municipal level through collective bargaining. By contrast, the city's arrangement with the pension fund can only be changed at the state level by the Texas Legislature.
The San Antonio Fire and Police Pension Fund has been recognized as a model of its kind. It was cited in 2013 by the Texas Pension Review Board as the best-funded pension over $1 billion in the state. Last March, Money Management Intelligence named it the Small Public Plan of the Year.
The pension fund also has experienced negligible cost growth, with its percentage of the city's general-fund budget growing only 0.03 percent per year.
Sculley, however, served as a member of the legacy task force and consistently rejected any suggestion that the pension fund should be off the table as a topic for consideration.
Another irony behind the KGB story is that the firm served as a moderating voice for the pension fund, a fact that was obvious during a February 11 San Antonio Express-News Editorial Board meeting, when Jonathan Gurwitz, director of public affairs for KGB (and a former Express-News columnist), consistently emphasized the positive by saying Sculley had her priorities right nearly a decade ago when she declared public safety to be the city's top priority.
Sculley might not find the pension fund's next PR firm to be so charitable.


text:
From: Kristina
(for Teacher2Teacher Service)
Date: Nov 02, 2000 at 15:21:31
Subject: Re: Teaching algebra in middle school
Hi Alice, Here's an opposing view for you from another Teacher2Teacher Associate. You'll see that Chris' definition is not the same as Martha's. He's talking about a course, Algebra I, not just algebraic reasoning. Let us know if this information is useful to you. -Kristina, for the T2T service Chris wrote: As a math teacher, I am convinced that it is often not appropriate for some middle school students to take Algebra I. Since Algebra is the study of patterns, one could argue that algebraic reasoning occurs in grades much lower than fifth grade. Therefore, the argument that it should be taught to all in middle school because it is taught in fifth grade, is not logical. Formal algebraic operations is an abstract thinking process that can be daunting for some middle school students. Unfortunately, it is in states like Florida that mandate algebra to all that creates this problem. You push a kid too early into Algebra, and you could limit the potential of that student because their foundation will be weak. When states like Florida mandate Algebra for all, what ends up happening is that the Algebra that is taught, because it must reach all students, is watered down, lacking in rigor and depth, and demonstrably inferior to what the program should be. Algebra for all middle school students (11-14 year olds) is not something we should pursue as a nation unless we are willing to sacrifice the math potential of many of our students. Chris Mahoney Brookwood School
[Privacy Policy] [Terms of Use]
Math Forum Home || The Math Library || Quick Reference || Math Forum Search


text:
Ask a Mac Question, Get an Answer ASAP!
Hi, and welcome! My name is Michelle and I am excited to get started with you.
Since you do not remember the 4- digit passcode, you will need to restore your iPad back to factory settings. Do you have a backup?
I backed up about a week ago on my laptop
Ok good. Let restore your iPad first. Plug your iPad into your computer and launch iTunes.
Next, Press and hold both the sleep and home button at the same time until the connect to itunes logo appears. The sleep button is located at the upper right corner and the home button is the round button on the bottom front bezel of your iPad
Okay done that
Now in itunes on your computer, it should say that your iPad is in recovery mode
Click on Restore
I just got the apple logo when I pressed the 2 keys together
Got it! Do I press to go ahead and restore?
The restoration process will take about 15 mins. Then your iPhone will be up next.
My phone is okay thanks. As it's restoring back to factory settings there wont be a passcode will there???
Oh dear, iPad could not be restored - an unknown error occurred (3194)
Nope It will be back to how it was when you first set it up. It will ask you to setup a passcode again.But you can decline. You will see the option to decline in blue ink in the center of your screen
You will need to update your itunes. Do you have a mac or PC
Shall I just keep trying?
You can try it again. If it fails, I will have you download the latest version of itunes
I've just got a message saying I need the latest version! Can you read my mind???
Ha ha. I knew. Here is the link http://www.apple.com/itunes/download/
Seems to be working now. I'll just hang on here in case it goes wrong!
I will be here until the end :)
Unknown error (3194) again!
Click on iTunes in the top menu bar and choose about iTunes. Can you read me the version number
It still seems to be uploading the latest version
Ok so thats probably why you still got the error message. When it is done installing the latest version. Try again. Make sure itunes is closed
Seems to be working this time ~ sigh~ 62 minutes remaining....
Great. Let me know as soon as its done
This'll teach me to forget my passcode - certainly wont be doing it again!
We live and we learn.
I am just checking in with you to see how far along you are with the restoration process
I understand. Try it again tomorrow. Place it into recovery mode again. 1. Turn off iPad2. Press and hold the Home button and connect your iPad to your computer while still holding down the home button. Continue to hold down the home button until your iPad shows up in recovery mode. If you can not enter recovery mode this way, press and hold both home and sleep button until it pops up into recovery mode as we did earlier. 3. Hit Restore. 4. When it restores, set it up as a new iPadI will chat with you tomorrow
Also, please make sure when you set up your device again, you are mistaken the passcode setup for your iPad asking for a passcode. Click on Don't Add Passcode


text:
The Manteca Buffaloes did their part in setting up a showdown later in the week with Sierra High, destroying the Weston Ranch Cougars 9-0 Tuesday in Valley Oak League action.
The Buffaloes (9-0, 12-2 overall) got tremendous play from No. 1 singles player Rosa Zou. Zou reeled off a perfect 6-0, 6-0 win over her opponent to set the tone for Manteca. Teammate Adaeze Nkwocha was as impressive, winning in straight sets 6-0, 6-0 too.
Both Weley Lin (6-1, 6-2) and Jenny Yu (6-2, 6-2) earned in singles wins as well.
Manteca's doubles tandems were also perfect in the match, getting a 6-0, 6-0 win from Kaile Hunt and Liz Diaz, while Elizabeth Tolber and Katie Inderbitzin earned a victory in the only match to be decided in a tie breaker, winning 6-0, 2-6 and 10-1. Julie Saling and Sealy Madams were victorious in a 6-0, 6-1 win.
The Buffaloes will meet up with Sierra Thursday at 3:30 p.m. at home.
Sierra 9, Sonora 0
With the VOL schedule winding down, Sierra assured itself another worthwhile shot at the undefeated Manteca Buffaloes with a one-sided victory over the Sonora Wildcats Tuesday.
Vannida Nguyen was perfect again with a 6-0, 6-0 win over Stephanie Hart, while teammates Naomi Nunis (6-1, 6-0), Anna Cardenas (6-2, 6-1), Annie Banks (6-4, 6-2) and Rosie Reynolds (6-1, 6-0) all earned victories in singles.
Brenda Padilla and Emma Hunter teamed up for a 6-2, 6-2 doubles win, and Barbara Baxter and Kelsey Wells won 6-1, 6-1. Liana Bassett and Simran Thind earned a disqualification win.
Sierra will travel across town Thursday in hopes of handing the undefeated Manteca Buffaloes their first loss of the VOL season.
Matches are set to begin at 3 p.m.


text:
Sales Management
MKF5391 is rated by StudentVIP members:
rate me!
0 StudentVIP members in MKF5391
0 textbooks listed
0 tutors available
3 tutor searches
0 subject ratings
What do you rate MKF5391?
Add MKF5391 to your subjects
You can add MKF5391 to your StudentVIP account to find textbooks, tutors and more.Join StudentVIP
Reviews and tips for MKF5391
0 reviews
Where are classes for MKF5391?
Easy, get a great map app for Monash Uni., including locations for classes in MKF5391.Get Lost On Campus
0 notes available for MKF5391
Upload & earn:Sell your notes
Tutors for MKF5391
0 tutors available for tutoring MKF5391Become a tutor for MKF5391
3 tutor searches for MKF5391!
Encourage students to become a tutor. Add a no-obligation tutor request. We'll notify you when a new tutor registers.


text:
View Single Post
Drives: A Car
Join Date: May 2010
Location: Toronto
iTrader: (
Here is another interview from Preuninger. He admits that the 991 GT3 opens up the field to a wider audience and that the GT3RS will be more track oriented.
Porsche unveiled the new 991-generation 911 GT3 only weeks ago, but the man behind it, head of GT series production Andreas Preuninger, has confirmed to CAR that work is already well underway on a more extreme and more powerful 911 GT3 RS variant. Read on for the full scoop on the new 2014 Porsche 911 GT3 RS
A new Porsche 911 GT3 RS is imminent for 2014?
Thats right. Preuninger told CAR: The RS is always three-quarters of a year behind the GT3, so weve already begun. A new 911 Turbo will be unveiled in the next few months, and the new 918 Spyder supercar is penciled to debut at the 2013 Frankfurt motor show in the autumn, so expect the RS to appear early in 2014.
What do we know about the new Porsche 911 GT3 RS?
For a start, the RS model will retain the latest GT3s dual-clutch PDK gearbox and electric steering. Hardcore fans might think that a travesty, but Preuninger told CAR that the PDK box now offers more involvement than the manual option, and that the steering is at least as good as the legendary GT3 RS 4.0s.
Well decide on that when we drive the new GT3, but regardless Preuninger and his Porsche Motorsport team cant make the change to a stick shift: Theres no chance of a manual. We dont want to offer too many options on our GT cars. And if youve got a manual and a PDK youve got to have different set-ups for the suspension, the aero, the tyres, everything. We are a small team and can only concentrate on one car.
However, the PDK might box might be tuned for quicker shifts (the new GT3 already changes gear in less than 100ms) and the steering may have some specific tuning to match the more focused RS-specific suspension.
Whats the philosophy behind the new 911 GT3 RS?
Preuninger says that the new GT3s increased usability as a daily driver and its more rounded abilities opens up the possibility for the RS model to be even more extreme: Weve opened up a wider field of usability with the new GT3, so maybe that gives us more reason to push the RS towards a more extreme side. The differentiations between the two models has always been increasing, and its going to be like that in the future.
How wild will the new GT3 RS be?
The outer shape is frozen, revealed Preuninger. Its pretty spectacular. Its beautiful. Expect the new RS to have an even bigger wing than the last 997-generation GT3 RS, no doubt inspired by the enormous spoiler on the back of the latest 991 Cup race car (pictured right with the new GT3). And to counter the extra rear downforce, there could be front aero tweaks too, and perhaps the GT3 RS 4.0s aero flics on the front bumper.
What about some RS-specific weight saving measures?
The new GT3 doesnt yet have the option of a lightweight lithium ion battery like its 997-gen predecessors, because the rear-wheel steering system draws a considerable amount of current. However, Preuningers team is engineering a lightweight battery than can handle the extra demands of the rear axle system. We are developing something like that,' Preuninger said. 'We hope it will be available for when the RS comes next year
What else?
The new 911s aluminium-intensive construction means it already has the aluminium doors that were previously the reserve of the Turbo and GT cars, so any additional weight savings will be more complex and costly. A carbonfibre roof would only save us about 200g because its already made of very thin aluminium, Preuninger revealed to CAR. We could get another 5-7kg out of the GT3 with expensive exterior parts, but the car would be another £20k more expensive. And we have to leave room for the RS version
The wings, boot and bonnet in the new GT3 are already aluminium too, but Preuninger did confirm that the RS would have a titanium exhaust in place of the new GT3s steel system. With all those pricey lightweight materials, expect the new GT3 RS to cost over £120,000.
What about more power?
Preuninger was cagey about the exact power outputs of the new GT3 RS, but he told CAR that although the latest GT3s all-new 3.8-litre flat-six is officially rated at 469bhp, its got nearer to the 493bhp produced by the 997-gen GT3 RS 4.0. Expect the new RS to officially have just as much power as this illustrious predecessor. Which means over 500bhp in reality
View Public Profile
Find More Posts by sawzall


text:
But that's what CBC Radio One's On The Coast asked our listeners.
For the past few weeks, we've been taking submissions from our audience. We got many fine emails and suggestions from the across the genres — from rap and rock to pop and country. After tallying up the results, we came up with this Top 5 list.
Here they are, with a few words from their nominators. Take a look, and then vote in our poll at the bottom of the page.
Freddie Mercury
Freddie Mercury, of course. Who else can beat his four octave range, and sing with such dexterity and commitment. He gave it his all whenever he sang. — Debra Rurak
Eva Cassidy
Eva Cassidy has the kind of voice that stops you in your tracks. If you are driving, you pull over and listen. — Gladys Hirota
Ella Fitzgerald
Her mind-blowing improvisational abilities to "scat," the balance between her voice's resonant body and multi-octave range, and her ability to naturally sync with and elevate the talents of those other vocalists who performed beside her; she made perfection look and sound effortless. — Chris Matisz
K.D. Lang
She can bring you to your knees — literally. Go listen to her version of "Hallelujah" and see if you can stay unmoved. — Audrey Pearson
Stan Rogers
It's hard to talk about voices without mentioning Stan Rogers, the great Canadian folk singer who was taken from us far too early. Not only did he have a great voice, but he covered Canadian history and the lives of average Canadians. — Andy McKay
So there you have it. Five worthy voices, five worthy votes.
But the final vote is yours.
You've got the weekend, and the winner will be announced on Monday at 5:20 p.m. PT on On The Coast.


text:
Finally, a check for a catchall address of the form @host needs to be made in the mailAlternateAddress attribute. This form of wildcarding is allowed in both hosted and vanity domains, so the proper alias URL for it is:
The +* subaddress substitution mechanism has always worked with catch-all addresses in direct LDAP mode, but the string that was substituted was the subaddress only, not the entire local part. This has been changed so that the entire local part of the original address will be plugged into the catch-all address as a subaddress when this construct is used.
For example, given an address of the form email@example.com, no local user foo in the domain.com domain, and a catch-all address for domain.com of firstname.lastname@example.com, the resulting address will now be email@example.com. It used to be firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Relieve stress, discover your creative side, and rejoice in God's peace this Christmas season as you fill these pages with exquisite color.
The Color of God's Peace at Christmas is an adult coloring book consisting of twenty Scripture postcards bound in a book format. Each page (postcard) has Christmas themed art and a Scripture verse focusing on Christ's birth and God's peace. The back side is designed for writing a personal note and addressing to the recipient. This product is unique in that each card can be kept and framed as a personal reminder of God's peace, slipped into a child's backpack as a surprise, or mailed to a friend to bring a Christmas sentiment and words of cheer. The cards meet USPS trim size standards.


text:
Thought I'd have a bit of fun with the title here. Something my literature buffs will likely appreciate. Today, as you may have guessed, I'm going to touch on playing the angles and perspectives. My regulars, like Mona, Mary and Judy, (all great photo blogs worth a visit,) have heard me rant about how I don't want to capture a scene or a subject as it is, I want to capture it how I imagine it in my head (scary, I know.)
Here's the scene I had to work with. I was out for a walk with my very good friend and occasional assistant Jessica when this bridge caught my eye. I liked the long winding path on the other side and the steep grass bank. The texture across the whole bridge was fascinating and the light made it pretty intriguing. I dialed in my settings and took this.
I worked a few different angles that I didn't really like but then I got another snap I really liked under the bridge. The pattern on the wall really jumped out at me, I'm huge on patterns and textures. The red dirt, diagonal shadow, and the hints of graffiti to the left gave the frame more depth and intrigue. It's good to have an image with a few things going on as long as you don't get too distracted by what is happening. In one of my star fort posts, I talked about every shot needing a hero. For me, the pattern was the hero and the red dirt played a lead supporting role. 🙂
Another great tip to keep in the back of your mind while you're in the field is to look up. Most of us are very aware of what is in front of us, mildly aware of our peripherals, passively aware of what's behind us, and oblivious to what is above us. Next time you're shooting, challenge yourself to look up every now and then and try to get a good snap. If you get something worth sharing on your blog, track back to this post with a link so I'll know to come and check it out.
Thanks for stopping by the blog, I'd love for you to share the post via one of the social links down below and I always enjoy reading your comments!
Social buttons are high and right, I do the twitter and all that jazz, keep up with me on there. (Sidebar: I really enjoyed doing those tutorials but I'm happy to be back on a string of ShootAbouts again. Let me know what you like better and what you want to see next, this blog is still really brand new so I appreciate all your help in carving out its niche.)
Thanks and God Bless! -Arley


text:
BAY SHORE --Two men are under arrest for allegedly stealing packages from the doorsteps of homes on Long Island.
Police say the suspects followed a UPS truck around the Bay Shore neighborhood on Tuesday and stole packages after they were left on the doorsteps.
An Apple EarPod, Apple iPad Mini case and two pairs of Skechers sneakers were recovered.
Albert Munoz, of Bay Shore, and Freddy Benavides, Jr., of Central Islip, were charged with criminal possession of stolen property.
Get Eyewitness News Delivered
Facebook | Twitter | Newsletters | Text Alerts


text:
Look at this personality graph the Internet created for me. Now you know everything about me.
By the way, you don't really know everything about me.
The plot, created by a startup called Five, is intrusive, funny, and maybe kind of accurate. Kind of, because it's based only on what I post to Facebook. That's a small slice of my reality, since I don't use Facebook all that often. Big corporations are using information like this to market to me. If they only used this information, though, they'd be working with only a small slice of who I am. Good idea? Not really. Small slice, limited data set, limited view.
No quick judgements.
It would be nice if there were a really fast way to put people into categories, like Klout tries to, but it's just not possible. I think the best you can do is find likeminded people who are (knowingly or unknowingly) building a culture together. That sort of research is going to take a little time, but what you learn will be richer.


text: In article <email@example.com>, oliver gould <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote: >-=-=-=-=-=- > >Hello. > >I have just updated kernel / userland. Now I get the following error >when opening an xterm: > >utmp_update: Cannot update utmp entry: Resource temporarily unavailable >utmp_update: Cannot update utmp entry: Undefined error: 0 >[snip - repeated ~10x] > >I am also attempting to su to root in X results in a `permission >denied', yet logging on as root on the console works fine. > >Furthermore, the process table is full. There are numerous errant >processes clogging it: > >160 ttyp1 I+ 0:00.00 utmp_update ver\\000\\000\\000\\000\\000\\000\\000\\000 >[snip - repeated a LOT] > >The configuration is known to be good as of June 11th. You are probably missing the setuid bits in all your binaries. christos


text:
Speaking with a German newspaper recently, chief executive Oliver Blume said Porsche isn't remotely interested in autonomous driving technologies.
This comes despite the fact that the other three premium German marques, BMW, Audi and Mercedes-Benz, are all working on autonomous technology.
"One wants to drive a Porsche by oneself. An iPhone belongs in your pocket, not on the road," Blume said.
While Porsche won't release a self-driving model, it is pushing forward in its attempts to slash emissions by offering hybrid variants of all of its models, including the iconic 911 sports car. Additionally, the company's all-electric Mission-E sedan will hit the market by 2020.'
Story references: Reuters


text:
Scarlett Day Bed By Sam Moyer
We saw this Scarlett Daybed from Sam Moyer ($4400) while strolling thru the exceptional eye candy store Homework. The black walnut and reclaimed white oak had not a nut or bolt to be seen. This rustic, almost simple design with mortise and tenon joints is made here in LA and we promise that this is one piece of furniture that needs to be experienced up close and in person. It's truly beautiful!


text:
As the 16th NatWest Island Games in Jersey drew to a close at the beginning of July, alongside the returning Cayman athletes was an artist who had also been participating in an event in the Channel Islands.
Horacio Esteban represented Cayman in the Inter-Island Artist's Lock-In at Elizabeth Castle on a small islet in St. Aubin's Bay, Jersey. The lock-in coincided with the Island Games, and 20 artists from the majority of islands participating in the games were invited to the residency project to develop shared work focusing on the theme of "islandness," using ideas including isolation, exile and resourcefulness. The artists' backgrounds were varied, including music, theater, paint, sculpture and film.
Horacio Esteban
Born to Caymanian and Cuban parents in Havana, Esteban moved to Cayman Brac at age 4. He spends most of his time in Grand Cayman but regularly returns to his childhood home in the Brac.
Esteban became interested in art while growing up in the '70s. Being on the Brac, he explained, he had little more than his imagination to play with.
"I gained basic skills in Cayman Brac, mentored and inspired by Mr. Edmund (Eddie) Scott, an industrial arts teacher, with further studies in Cuba, Texas and Italy."
Esteban's time spent exploring Cayman's underwater environment, including employment in the diving industry for 10 years and underwater hull inspection for Cayman Energy Ltd. for six years, has greatly impacted his artistic work: many of his creations have a nautical theme.
Esteban uses a variety of mediums, stone being his favorite. "It's one of the most challenging materials to form with the least amount of forgiveness," he said. He equates the challenge of working with Caymanite specifically to that of working with some marbles. He uses a variety of methods to produce his final creation, including cutting, grinding, sanding, chiseling by hand or pneumatic tools, texturing with flames or acids, and finally polishing or sealing.
Esteban hopes his work, on the whole, will "evoke any level of emotional connectivity in the viewer or potential patron through visual, physical or intuitive stimulation." His aspirations for the future include large-scale installations, both temporary and permanent, placed around the island at strategic land and underwater sites if he can garner the necessary support.
The Inter-Island Lock-In
The Jersey Arts Trusts' Inter-Island Lock-In was created in association with WildWorks and Jersey Heritage and is so named because participating artists remain on the small islet for the entirety of the project.
The Jersey Arts Trust Committee selected Esteban from a pool of Caymanian artists, all of whom had submitted portfolios to the Cayman National Cultural Foundation.
"I submitted my portfolio not believing there was any chance in this lifetime that I would be selected, given the caliber of artists that reside on these islands," he said. "I decided to take part only after being informed in writing by the Jersey Arts Trust and The Cayman National Cultural Foundation that I was selected and realizing how lucky I had been."
The lock-in aimed to encourage artistic cooperation and resulted in a showcase of shared pieces created by the group, which included artists from Bermuda, Greenland, Saint Helena, Rhodes, Faroe Islands and Gibraltar among other locations.
Esteban particularly enjoyed the Elizabeth Castle venue. "The history attached to this site is priceless and to actually live on the premises for 10 days, unforgettable."
The days began with breakfast, followed by constructive bonding time between the artists and instructors, activities which Esteban said seemed like playtime and games. The artists then participated in an average of three projects per day, working from 11 a.m. to 9:30 p.m., with group presentations at the end.
"Materials were basic and often incorporated the various sites within the castle, either by way of performance, visual presentations, storytelling and often times all of the above combined," said Esteban. "The end result was a few performances with a focus on creative dance, storytelling improvisations with minimal costumes, a performance using life-sized puppetry requiring three people to operate, and a few installations that were themed."
The 10-day residency culminated in two final showcase evenings of performances and installations created during the lock-in, with the public invited to the Castle to enjoy what the artists had created.
Esteban said he learned a lot from the unique event.
"What I gained most is the realization and confirmation that collaboration between people, regardless of race or ethnicity, is the only way to build a future we can all tolerate and continue to build from," he said.
"Even more important is that once this phase can be accomplished, we are no longer strangers or acquaintances, but family."


text:
Jo* writes
"Reading an earlier post on Great Sex-pectations... I would be really interested to read what the Mama Mia community have to say about sexless marriages.
I realise there are many different definitions of sexless from once a month, to once a year, etc. but I mean a totally and completely sexless marriage because one member can't, or won't have sex.
I'm interested to hear whether people think it's okay for the partner who does want sex to get it elsewhere, with their partner's permission. For example, I have a friend who because of gynaecological cancer will never have sex again. Ever. She also has no sex drive at all because of countless cancer therapies so she's not even interested in non-penetrative sex with her husband. While I'm sure we would all like to think our husband would no longer be interested in sex, and/or happy to service himself when the need arose, I don't think this is a fair, or realistic, expectation of a fit and healthy 30 year old male.
Would the women from the Mama Mia community allow their husband to sleep with someone else if it meant staying married, and otherwise in love?
(Obviously this situation could go the other way as well, with a man unable to have sex but the woman still desiring sexual relationships.)"


text:
Oil Spot Washer
Remove oil and grease spots from cloth.
What does an Oil Spot Washer do?
Removes oil and grease spots from cloth by either of following methods:Washes spots from cloth, using handbrush, detergents and water, or prepared chemicals. Dissolves and removes spots from cloth, using spray gun filled with cleaning chemicals. May use illuminated inspection frame to facilitate detection of oil and grease spots. May be designated according to articles cleaned as Pillowcase Cleaner; Sheet Cleaner.


text:
|Course title
|Nutrition Physiology
|Course code
|Organizational form of instruction
|Level of course
|Year of study
|not specified
|Number of ECTS credits
|Language of instruction
|Status of course
|Form of instruction
|Work placements
|This is not an internship
|Recommended optional programme components
|Course content
Anatomy, physiology and pathology of the oral cavity and esophagus. Anatomy, physiology and pathology of the stomach, the importance of gastric juice. Anatomy, physiology and pathology of the small intestine and colon. Anatomy, physiology and pathology of gastrointestinal tract glands (liver, pancreas, salivary glands). Sugars ? biochem. division, metabolism of sugars, the importance of sugars for the body. Glycemic indec. Proteins ? biochem. division, metabolism of proteins, the importance of proteins for the body. Fats ? biochemistry of fats, fats metabolism in the body, the importance of fats for the body. Regulation of food intake (unconditional and conditional reflexes, volitional). Regulation of body fluid, hydration and dehydration of the body. Regulation and importance of mineral utilization in the body. Mineral and trace elements in nutrition. Food as a source of essential nutrients (proteins, fats, sugars). The daily need of nutrients, suitability and unsuitability of selected types of nutrients (according to origin, processing). Vitamins ? distribution, source, absorption, importance for the organism, risks of hyper, hypo and avitaminosis. Energetic metabolism, basal metabolism, energetic requirement of a man, nutritional value of food.. Assessing nutritional status, excessive food intake with impact on health. Assessing nutritional status, reduced food intake with impact on health. Fluids, beverages, drinking regime with respect for individual particularities. Healthy nutrition principles, current issues of a healthy way of eating. Stimulating substances in the diet. Functional foods, preventive nutrition (probiotics, prebiotics, phytoestrogens, phenols, etc.) Nutritional supplements, their outline, importance, indications and contraindications for use. Additives (food additives), the importance in food and consumer industry. Possible health risks.
|Learning activities and teaching methods
Lecture, Monologic Lecture(Interpretation, Training), Dialogic Lecture (Discussion, Dialog, Brainstorming), Activating (Simulations, Games, Dramatization)
|Learning outcomes
The aim of NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY discipline is for students to intensify their knowledge of anatomy and physiology, as well as pathology of the digestive system, so that they understand the metabolism of basic nutrients and their significance for the human body. Furthermore they learn about metabolism, the importance for the human body and sources in the diet in fluids, vitamins and minerals. They will understand the principles of dietary recommendations, the significance of preventive nutrition and functional foods, they will be introduced to the issue of additives in diet, etc. They will learn to assess nutritional status by using anthropometric and clinical methods. The discipline uses knowledge from Somatology and Propaedeutics health education. Students can apply the knowledge acquired here within the course of Paediatrics, Mother and Child Care, Care of the Sickly, and Home Care, etc.
The student after the course should be able to: explain the principles of operation of all systems of the human organism and governance mechanisms.
Passing somatology disciplines (somatology 1,2)
|Assessment methods and criteria
Written exam, Seminar Work
Active participation in the seminar (mandatory participation of 90%). Student elaborates a seminar thesis on an assigned topic in the extent of 3-5 A4 pages. The seminar thesis must be submitted minimum one week prior to granting a colloquium. Knowledge is verified through a written test.
|Recommended literature
|Study plans that include the course
|Study plan (Version)
|Branch of study Category
|Recommended year of study
|Recommended semester
|Faculty of Education
|Health education with focus on education (BB16)
|Pedagogy, teacher training and social care


text:
GISD board sets trustee election, budget meeting dates
Published 11:51 pm, Monday, July 14, 2014
The Greenwood ISD board on Monday set the dates for its trustee election and the meeting to adopt a budget and tax rate.
The election will is set for Nov. 4. The seats held by four trustees — Troy Keel, John Ellis, Jeff Somers and Josh Kidd — will be up for election.
Kidd said he plans to seek re-election, and Ellis, board vice president, said he hasn't decided yet, but will likely run again. Somers and Keel, who is the board's secretary, were not in attendance at the Monday evening meeting.
GISD will adopt a budget and tax rate at the Aug. 27 meeting.
In other GISD board news:
- Trustees will vote on the salary schedule for the 2014-15 school year at the Aug. 11 meeting. Superintendent Ariel Elliott said the schedule includes a 3 percent salary increase.
- Trustees voted on the school board meeting schedule for the upcoming school year. The board will continue to meet on the second Monday of each month for its regularly scheduled meetings, with the exceptions of October, December and March, when it will meet on the third Monday because of school breaks.
- Elliott updated trustees on district construction projects, including new water pipelines and a reverse osmosis treatment center, which is on schedule.
Elliott also said he hopes to break ground on the new James R. Brooks Middle School in September. The school is set to open for the 2016-17 school year.


text:
PORTLAND — Public school officials have extended the deadline for eligible employees to accept a retirement incentive in the hope that more people will take it, the school district announced today.
Forty-one of about 200 eligible workers had accepted the offering as of Monday's original deadline.
Now, the remainder have until March 15 to consider the incentive, which includes a one-time payout ranging from $10,000 to as much as $20,000 for higher-paid employees.
It also reduces the time that employees must have worked in the district to be eligible for retirement. In past years, the service minimum was 25 years. Under the incentive, it's 10 years.
The school board will ultimately decide whether to go through with the incentive program depending on how many take the incentive and how it benefits the school district.
Superintendent Jim Morse presented a $92.7 million budget on Tuesday that calls for eliminating as many as 81 positions heading into the coming school year.
Targeted positions include 31 teachers, 38 educational technicians, six administrators, three custodians and one secretary. The district has nearly 1,200 employees.
It's unclear how many people may be laid off or how many jobs may be saved by the retirement incentive because some employees who retire will be replaced, likely by workers who earn lower salaries, Morse said.
The 41 initial takers earn annual salaries and benefits totaling $2.6 million.


text:
White water rafting in Jamaica
Hey guys. I am a first time cruiser and was wondering if anyone has done the white water rafting excursion in Montego Bay Jamiaca (CCL). I am not to big on diving or snorkeling as I feel there will be plenty of time for that in Cozumel and Grand Caymans. Let me know if you have had any experiences - good or bad. Thanks in advance..Ryan
|All times are GMT -4. The time now is 04:13 PM.


text:
Minneapolis's Midtown Greenway: Good for Bikes, Good for Business
In the increasingly heated competition to see who deserves the title of America's most bike-friendly city, Minneapolis has plenty going for it. Last year Bicycling magazine anointed the city tops in the nation, knocking Portland off its long-held perch.
The Twin Cities are undergoing a steady transformation into a more bike-oriented region thanks to nearly 100 miles of greenways and off-street paths, giving residents safe and quick travel options. By far the best-known of those paths is the 5.7 mile long Midtown Greenway, which connects cyclists to destinations through the heart of Minneapolis, from east to west. As you'll see, the path isn't just giving people a great place to bike, walk, and run -- it's attracting development and new businesses as well.
Thanks to the Bikes Belong Foundation for funding this Streetfilm, our third in a series on innovations in Minneapolis. Check out the Nice Ride MN and Sabo Bridge Streetfilms if you haven't already!
R T Rybak: [00:15] Well biking is a huge part of what we are in Minneapolis and, you know, I think that means a lot of different things to a lot of different people. For some it means it's a very economical way to get around, for some it's really about health and fitness, for some it's time, that it's actually quicker.
Jay Walljasper: [00:34] Minneapolis is a good place to bike I think because (a) there's a strong biking culture. People are passionate about biking here and it's something, you go to a party and people talk about where they're going to bike the next day, so it's become a part of our DNA.
Shaun Murray: [00:47] You don't really need to be on the street with cars if you don't want to. If you stick to our off street path system, which is about 100 miles and in a city that's about six miles wide by 10 miles tall, that's quite a few miles of paths.
Shaun Murray: [01:08] They go around all the lakes, they go along the Mississippi River, they go along our creek, they go along our parkways and then they also cut through our old railroad corridors.
S Scott Dibble: [01:18] So one of the exciting developments in Minneapolis of course is the Midtown Greenway corridor, which is an old industrial railroad trench that was cut straight, right through the centre of Minneapolis on east/west access and the industrial use became obsolete in the last couple of decades.
Louis Moore: [01:36] Which a train came down maybe every two or three weeks just to pick up grain, and it wasn't really used for anything else. And then there was a determination that the grain elevator needed to come down so that's when the negotiations started happening to build a bike/walk corridor through there.
Ben Cherland: [01:52] It's 20 feet below the city grade, so that means it passes underneath all the north/south avenues, which makes it the fastest way to get across town, I mean including public transportation or driving.
Louis Moore: [02:04] The numbers of people who have ridden on it and who walk on it and rollerblade on it has just grown steadily for the many years it's been open. So it's just been a real asset to the city.
Joan Pasiuk: [02:14] You will see families on the trail, you will see grandparents on the trail, you will see kind of lots of urban hipsters on the trail, everyone in between, commuters. It's for everyone.
Jay Walljasper: [02:27] You see I think nearly as many women as men. That's a big difference. When biking began to take off in the city you began to see just a lot more females out on bikes and I think just simply because they feel safer, there's a lot of bikers on the street.
Ben Cherland: [02:44] Some of the results from studying the census last year revealed that a lot of people are moving into these neighbourhoods along the Greenway. And the Greenway's a big draw for those people. There's a lot of development going on in terms of like apartment buildings and new businesses in the uptown area.
Jay Walljasper: [02:59] When you have a bike trail that the community embraces, then suddenly there's a lot of development along there, it becomes a desirable place for people to live, you start to see property values go up, what was maybe once an old abandoned warehouse now suddenly becomes a young graphic design firms, you have all sorts of cutting edge businesses going in.
Mario Macaruso: [03:16] People that take the Greenway come in here to, you know, if they have a flat tyre or they want some nourishment, some food. And then along the Greenway there's all these ramps and the ramps provide people opportunities to tee off of the streets on top and also to go and use businesses and uptown along the corridor. There's been a resurgence in the quality of life for these neighbourhoods and I think it directly related to the creation of the Greenway.
Kate Wolford: [03:41] This is a city where people want to get out, you want to take advantage of the seasons and we have great bike paths throughout, so people are out but our leaders are out too. I see Mayor Rybak, the Mayor of Minneapolis, on his bike cruising down the city, Mayor Coleman as well, and we have legislative leaders who are also real champions for the whole idea that you need to have city streets that'll allow pedestrians, bikes, as well as other forms of transportation.
S Scott Dibble:
[04:07] I have to say in the last few years it has been just a transformative
and to be able to get around on your bike gives you a connection to
the place where you live that's very different than moving around
in your car. You can see the people along the streets, other bicyclists,
you can see all the shops, all the houses, all the activity that's
going on in a much more connected fashion.
[music]Transcription Sponsored by: Transcript Divas Transcription Services


text:
If you've ever dreamed of syncing your Android apps and games up with your PC and using them on a larger screen you'll be excited to hear that your dreams are becoming a very well-designed reality. Actually, if you've been following along with the development of BlueStacks then you know that this dream-to-reality transition has been in the works for several months now.
For those of you that don't know exactly what BlueStacks App Player is, it's exactly what the title implies - an app player that allows you to run Android applications on Windows (a Mac version is also in the works).Read More


text:
One of the hottest prospects in Scottish rugby is hoping for the chance to parade his skills on home turf tonight.
Jamie Farndale, 18, is expected to play at least part of the annual match between the North Edinburgh youth select side BATS (Broughton, Trinity and Accies) and Brewin Dolphin Scottish Schools' Cup winners Edinburgh Academy at Raeburn Place (kick-off 5.30), fresh from scoring two tries at Glasgow Hawks on Saturday to help ensure Accies' seniors remain in the Premiership top flight.
The winger's brace were his first scores for the club to add to a similar number this season away to Wales for Scotland under-20s, for whom he is eligible until 2014, and clearly they meant a lot.
Farndale explained: "I started rugby with the Edinburgh Academy and have been involved before with BATS which was also really helpful in getting me to this stage of my rugby career.
"[So], when I left school and got offered a [youth] contract with Edinburgh Rugby the only choice for my club outings was Accies so far as I was concerned."
One implication of retaining top-club status in 2012/13 is that up-and-comings such as Farndale – who scored a try when Scotland under-18s beat English counterparts last season – are more likely to be farmed out by the pro-teams to the elite.
Farndale added: "It means so much whenever I pull on an Accies jersey because they helped get me into Scotland under-20s, which I really enjoy."
A common link is the coaching of Simon Cross who is in overall charge at Accies and organises the under-20s defence.
"Crossy has been involved with school, Scotland under-18 and under-19 teams I've been involved with and has been a mentor for me," Farndale continued, then added: "Bryan Easson [Edinburgh Rugby's Elite Development coach] also goes through my game performances during one-on-one sessions and he really is there for me, too."
Farndale, reputed to be an accomplished bagpiper, certainly isn't one to blow his own trumpet, but the pace which saw him notch two tries at Hawks owes much to a useful athletics career.
Pressed on the subject, he reveals: "I do athletics every year and run both 100 and 200 metres. I've been timed at 11.2 seconds for 100m but that was a while ago and I've been involved in the Scottish Pentathlon squad for internationals against England, Ireland and Wales.
"Accies play a very wide game and that is another reason why they are such a perfect club for me and it was great to be the one to put the ball into touch just before the final whistle at Hawks for our 31-24 win because they were coming back so far at us."
Earlier, Farndale ran a superb line to be on the shoulder of stand-off Ruaridh Bonner for one of his tries, while he latched on to a kick from sub scrum-half Michael Campbell for his second try. Typically, he maintained: "For that first try I just stuck out my hand and the bounce landed perfectly for me."
The previous weekend, Farndale had helped Scotland under-20s score two late tries to overhaul Italy at the death and he admitted: "I'm developing a tendency to figure in tight games!"
Edinburgh Rugby might, however, face competition from along the M8 to retain a player who won Brewin Dolphin Scottish Schools' Cups at under-15 and under-18 level as well as finishing runner-up in 2010 giving him two victories from three appearances at Murrayfield.
Says the former Edinburgh Academy Head Boy: "I have a place at Glasgow University next year and I am deciding whether I can balance that with rugby.
"I am aware, though, that there are a lot of quality young players at Edinburgh and would like to follow the example of Matt Scott, Dougie Fife, Tom Brown and others out of the academy and into the senior team."
Meanwhile, for tonight's match for the annual Ed Saunders Cup, which honours the contributions of a former Edinburgh Academy PE teacher now working in England, the BATS will cast their net wider to include youngsters from Drummond and Craigroyston Community High Schools as well as Fettes College.


text:
77 High Street, Sutton West, ON L0E 1R0
+ taxes & licensing
This vehicle is Safety Certified.
0 down, 0 payments for up to 180 days O.A.C- Weekly, bi-weekly & monthly payments available.
* Price includes licensing, gas expenses, Administration fees and a Carproof Verified report. Weekly payments from $50/ wk. Financing from 4.75% **Price is subject to standard taxes. The Credit Clinc - We finance good credit, bad credit, no credit, bankruptcy. - www.thecreditclinic.ca
-Balance of factory warranty
3yrs/60,000km complete - 5yrs/100,000km powertrain
-WHEN YOU PURCHASE A VEHICLE THIS MONTH, RECEIVE A $500.00 TD CANADA TRUST RRSP -OR- A $500.00 DEALER DISCOUNT -OR- A $500.00 GAS CARD.**Previous Daily Rental.
Please contact the seller to confirm pricing, features, odometer, and availability of this vehicle.
See the Carpages.ca Terms & Conditions for more details.


text:
Microsoft Office Questions? Ask a IT Expert for Support ASAP
My Name is***** will be helping you today. If I provide good service, you may ask for The-PC-Guy in your question title for your future needs.
so basically you are looking to create a summary sheet of all of these different months?
are they all in the same workbook?
I am still waiting for the answer.
you never answered the questions. Can't help until you tell me more about what you want.
I do not think so
cust no J F M TOT
1 2.54 3.62 5.12 11.26
2 1.00 2.00 3.00
3 3.10 1.20 7.06 11.36
4 0.45 4.00 1.22 5.67
5 6.10 2.34 8.44
6 2.34 1.20 2.20 5.74
here is the example. in april I will get an excel file that will have the customer numbers with the amount they spent.This should go between Mand TOT column and adjust TOT(al)
I can see no problem
It will just be the customer numbers with their april money
No the customer numbers arrive sorted, with lowest at top and Highest at bottom
Yes. Some die and some new ones arrive sometimes
I would like a refund please


text:
Welcome to Hyperion Records, an independent British classical label devoted to presenting high-quality recordings of music of all styles and from all periods from the twelfth century to the twenty-first.
Hyperion offers both CDs, and downloads in a number of formats. The site is also available in several languages.
Please use the dropdown buttons to set your preferred options, or use the checkbox to accept the defaults.
Named one of the top ten young 'conductors on the verge of greatness' by Gramophone, Robin Ticciati is the perfect conductor to bring out the deep colours and emotions of Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique while balancing the orchestra and keeping the pace to create an impressive and dynamic sound throughout.
Robin opened the Scottish Chamber Orchestra's 2011/12 season with a blistering Berlioz programme hailed by the critics as 'compelling'. With this recording Robin aims to offer audiences 'a thought-provoking and new way of listening to the piece.' Symphonie fantastique is the first in a series of Berlioz recordings undertaken by the SCO and Ticciati.
This recording was made possible with support from the SCO Sir Charles Mackerras Fund.
A 24-bit 192 kHz studio master for this album is available from the Linn Records website.
None of this in any way militates against the symphony's claim to be a coherent work of art. As always, what matters is not what may have gone into the making of a work but what comes out. Modern commentators and critics have decisively vindicated the integrity of the Symphonie fantastique – what Wilfrid Mellers calls its 'taut design' and Edward Cone the unity that 'goes much deeper than the mere recurrence of the idée fixe'.
The work used to also be treated as a completely unheralded event in the history of music, coming out of nowhere – the most miraculous birth, it was said, since Athena sprang fully armed from the head of Zeus. That is no more than at best a half-truth. With all its innovations – including the introduction of instruments, textures and rhythms new to symphonic music – the Symphonie fantastique has roots, deep roots, in other music, past and present: not least the music of Gluck and Spontini, which was for several years Berlioz's main diet and whose melodic style he absorbed into his innermost being when he first came to Paris in 1821, a boy of seventeen who had never heard an orchestra.
A few years later, the discovery of Weber, and still more of Beethoven at the Conservatoire concerts in 1828, 1829 and 1830 (paralleling his discoveries of Goethe and Shakespeare), had an even more profound effect on the young musician till then reared on French classical opera. The Fantastique is unthinkable without Beethoven's Pastoral and Fifth, and without Der Freischütz. Above all, the revelation of the symphony as a dramatic form par excellence, and of the orchestra as an expressive instrument of undreamed richness and flexibility, became, for Berlioz, the springboard for a leap into unknown territory. It opened before him a new world which he must at all costs enter and inhabit.
On the point of starting to compose the Fantastique, in January 1830, he told his sister Nancy: 'Ah, my sister, you can't imagine what pleasure a composer feels who writes freely in response to his own will alone. When I have drawn the first accolade of my score, where my instruments are ranked in battle array – when I think of the virgin lands which academic prejudice [in France] has left untouched till now and which since my emancipation I regard as my domain – I rush forward with a kind of fury to cultivate it'.
Already, in a letter written to a friend a year earlier, when ideas for the symphony had begun to take shape in his mind, we get a sense of Berlioz's intense excitement: 'Now that I have broken the chains of routine, I see an immense territory stretching before me which academic rules forbade me to enter. Now that I have heard that awe-inspiring giant Beethoven I realise what point the art of music has reached. It's a question of taking it up at that point and carrying it further – no, not further, that's impossible, he attained the limits of art, but as far in another direction'.
The influence of Beethoven, however, could only be general, not specific; it was a matter of inspiration, not imitation. Without doubt there are sounds and colours and gestures in the work that are indebted to Beethoven's example. One can cite the emancipation of the timpani, used as an independent instrument, not just as reinforcement of the tuttis; the macabre, grotesque effect of bassoons in the high register in the 'Marche au supplice', inspired by the scherzo of Beethoven's Fifth; in the third movement, the 'Scène aux champs', certain country images like the cry of the quail (from the Pastoral) and, in the movement's great central crisis and its resolution, the successive fortissimo diminished sevenths of the Fifth's first movement and the irregular diminuendo chords of Florestan's aria in Fidelio. But the form of the work is Berlioz's and no one else's. So, though he is deeply concerned with issues of musical architecture, he works out his own salvation. Though he will learn from Beethoven's technique of thematic transformation, he will not use it as a model. He composes in melodic spans rather than in motifs. The work's recurring melody – the idée fixe – is forty bars long; and its repetition two thirds of the way through the first movement represents not a sonata reprise but a stage in the theme's evolution from monody to full orchestral statement.
No one – not least in France – had composed symphonic music or used the orchestra like this before. As Michael Steinberg says, 'no disrespect to Mahler or Shostakovich, but this is the most remarkable First Symphony ever written'. It was typical of Berlioz's boldness and freedom of spirit that his first major orchestral work comprised a mixture of genres analogous to what the Romantic dramatists were attempting after the example of Shakespeare – bringing the theatre into the concert hall – and that in doing so he should override the normal categories of symphonic discourse and create his own idiosyncratic version of classical form in response to the demands of the musical drama: the 'Episode in the Life of an Artist' that is the work's subtitle.
Yet the score given at the Conservatoire Hall in December 1830 was, to him, a logical consequence of the Beethovenian epiphany that he had had two years earlier in the same hall. It was addressed to the same eager young public and performed by many of the same players, under the same conductor, François Antoine Habeneck.
It might embody autobiographical elements: not just his much publicised passion for the Shakespearean actress Harriet Smithson, but his whole emotional and spiritual existence up till then – as he wrote at the front of the manuscript, quoting a poem by Victor Hugo, 'All I have suffered, all I have attempted … The loves, the labours, the bereavements of my youth … my heart's book inscribed on every page'. For Berlioz, however, all this was not essentially different from what Beethoven had done in his Fifth and Sixth symphonies. Carrying on from him, he could use intense personal experience, and movement titles, to bring music's inherent expressivity still further into the open and, at the same time, extend its frame of reference and blur still more the distinction between so-called 'pure music' and music associated with an identifiable human situation. All sorts of extra-musical ideas could go into the composition, yet music remained sovereign. It could describe the course of one man's hopeless passion for a distant beloved and still be – as Beethoven said of the Pastoral – 'expression of feeling rather than painting', the whole contained within a disciplined musical structure.
The literary programme offered to the Conservatoire audience gave the context of the work; it introduced the 'instrumental drama' (to quote Berlioz's prefatory note) whose 'outline, lacking the assistance of speech, needs to be explained in advance'. It is not this that holds the symphony together and makes it a timeless record of the ardours and torments of the young imagination. The music does that.
The five movements may be summed up as follows:
(1) Slow introduction; sadness and imagined happiness, creating out of a state of yearning an image of the ideal woman, represented (Allegro) by the idée fixe – a long, asymmetrically phrased melodic span, first heard virtually unaccompanied, then gradually integrated into the full orchestra. The melody, in its alternate exaltation and dejection, its fevers and momentary calms, forms the main argument. At the end, like a storm that has blown itself out, it comes to rest on a series of solemn chords.
(2) A ball, at which the beloved is present. Waltz: at first dreamlike, then glittering, finally garish. Middle section with the idée fixe assimilated to the rhythm of the dance.
(3) A shepherd pipes a melancholy song, answered from afar by another. Pastoral scene: a long, serene melody, with similarities of outline to the idée fixe and, like it, presented as monody, by flute and first violins, then in progressively fuller textures. Agitated climax, precipitated by the idée fixe, which later takes on a more tranquil air (without its characteristic sighing fourth). Dusk, distant thunder. The first shepherd now pipes alone. Drums and solo horn prepare for:
(4) 'Marche au supplice'. The artist, under the influence of opium, imagines he has killed the beloved and, accompanied by noisy crowds, is being marched through the streets to execution. The dreams of the first three movements are now intensified into nightmare and the full orchestral forces deployed: massive brass and percussion, prominent and grotesque bassoons. The idée fixe reappears pianissimo on solo clarinet, but is cut off by the guillotine stroke of the whole orchestra.
(5) Strange mewings, muffled explosions, distant cries, as a throng of demons and sorcerers, summoned from far and wide, gather to celebrate Sabbath night. The executed lover witnesses his own funeral. The beloved melody, now a lewd distortion of itself – a vulgar, cackling tune on a shrill E flat clarinet – joins the revels. Dies irae, parody of the church's ritual of the dead. Witches' round dance. The climax, after a long crescendo, combines round dance and Dies irae in a tour de force of rhythmic and orchestral virtuosity.
'Overture', Béatrice et Bénédict
Berlioz had often thought of composing an opera on Much Ado about Nothing. When eventually he decided to do so – for the opening season of the new theatre in the German spa town of Baden-Baden – he deliberately limited his ambitions: the libretto – based closely on the text of the play but written by the composer – removes Don John and his sinister intrigue against Hero altogether and sets only a part of Shakespeare's tragi-comedy, confining the action almost entirely (in Berlioz's words) to 'persuading Beatrice and Benedick that they love each other'. Though still only in his late 50s, Berlioz was in nearly constant pain (from what his doctors called 'intestinal neuralgia' but what was probably Crohn's Disease) and with no illusions about his career in his native France.
The prodigality of ideas and unstoppable energy found in Berlioz's earlier Italian comedy, Benvenuto Cellini, give way here to an extreme economy and a demonstration of the expressive possibilities in the basic means of music, notably the scale. Writing the work was, he said, 'a relaxation from The Trojans', the epic five-act opera he had recently completed, which he knew was his magnum opus but for which there was no prospect of a production. It was symbolic of the state of his career that what would be his last major work was written not for Paris but for a German provincial town.
Yet the music of the work – 'a caprice written with the point of a needle', Berlioz called it – has no trace of bitterness and, on the contrary, has wit and grace and lightness of touch. It accepts life as it is. The opera is a divertissement, not a grand statement. It celebrates love not – as in The Trojans – as a devouring, all-consuming passion but as 'a flame, a will o' the wisp, coming from no one knows where, gleaming then vanishing from sight, for the distraction of our souls'. Mad, perhaps; but 'madness is better than stupidity' – words that all come from the final number of the opera, where Benedick and Beatrice play at hiding their recognition of twin natures.
The 'Overture', which was composed last, and which bears the date '25 February 1862' and 'The End' (in English), sums up the work. Racy, headlong yet poised, exuberant, ironic, brilliant but touched with warmth of heart, it breathes a single atmosphere while drawing on half a dozen different numbers from the opera: the wide melodic spans of Beatrice's aria, the magical pianissimo conclusion of the 'Nocturne', the triumphant but rather empty tuttis of the conventional Hero's aria, the long descending and ascending melody of the 'Wedding March', the men's trio's conspiratorial humour, above all the motif of the final 'Scherzo-Duettino', whose nimble triplet rhythm and angular dotted phrase work their way in everywhere and spread their gleeful mirth across the whole texture of the orchestra.
David Cairns © 2012