text:
[This oral history with James A. M. Muncy was conducted via telephone
from Houston, Texas to Alexandria, Virginia.]
Today is June 21, 2013. This telephone interview for the NASA Commercial
Crew & Cargo Program Office History Project is being conducted
with Jim Muncy, who is in Alexandria, Virginia, and is a longtime
advocate for commercial space. The interviewer is Rebecca Wright,
who is in Houston, Texas at the Johnson Space Center History Office.
We thank you again for your time and the information you're
about to provide. We'd like for you to share with us briefly
your background, and the role that you have had in the advancement
of commercial space ventures.
I have been working in space policy and politics for over 32 years.
I've had jobs on Capitol Hill and in the [President Ronald W.]
Reagan administration at the White House [Office of Science and Technology
Policy]. I've consulted in industry and done some consulting
for government agencies. I think of particular interest to the topic
of the COTS [Commercial Orbital Transportation Services] Program,
from 1995 through 2000 I was a professional staff member of the House
[of Representatives] Science Committee, working on commercial space
issues, particularly commercialization and privatization of activities
relating to the International Space Station [ISS].
After leaving the Hill, I consulted for a company called Constellation
Services International [CSI], which was engaged in trying to develop
a number of commercial in-space services, the primary of which was
commercial cargo delivery to the International Space Station. I was
a vice president at CSI, working anywhere between half and nearly
full time for about six or seven years. I think that's the key
background point that informs our discussion today.
In addition to that, since I left government in 2000 I've also
done a lot of consulting for the commercial space transportation industry,
including large and small companies in both orbital and suborbital
markets. I've worked to help write and enact legislation that
provides for appropriate regulation of commercial space transportation,
as well as appropriations and authorizations that fund and give guidance
to the government in buying commercial space transportation services.
So I work here in Washington, DC, to try to create the right framework
of funding and regulations and policy to enable commercial space companies
to be able to deliver goods and services for private and public customers.
That's a summary of what I do.
If we can, let's break it down and go back. Can you give some
specifics of the work that you've done that helped formulate
some of the legislation that helped move toward where we are now?
Let me give you an example that directly relates to COTS. In the late
1990s, I worked for Congressman Dana [T.] Rohrabacher from California,
who was Chairman of the House Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics
in the late 1990s, and also with full Committee [on Science, Space,
and Technology] Chairman [Robert S.] "Bob" Walker and
full Committee Chairman [F. James] "Jim" Sensenbrenner,
I wrote provisions that went into NASA authorization or commercial
space legislation that was enacted—signed by President [William
J. "Bill"] Clinton—which directed NASA to start
creating more commercial opportunities at the Space Station, and even
begin to privatize some of the functions of operating the Space Station,
including transportation to and from the Space Station.
This was a time in which the [Space Shuttle] Challenger [STS 51-L]
accident was a decade behind us, and the Space Shuttle was operating
on a regular basis. This was long before the Columbia [STS-107] tragedy.
NASA was making investments in potential replacements to the Shuttle,
but the Shuttle was clearly the workhorse that was servicing and supplying
and, of course, at the end of the '90s, starting to assemble
the International Space Station.
What I was arguing for and my bosses were arguing for was starting
to figure out how to have the private sector play a role of doing
the more pedestrian work, of delivering underwear and groceries and
stuff like that to the Space Station. That we don't need to
have the Space Shuttle do all of that; some of it could be privatized.
In a world where you privatize those deliveries, you've created
an additional market for the commercial launch industry, which can
then increase their own private investments and their capabilities.
You start to see the sort of innovation and lowering of prices, and
hopefully generation of new markets and new opportunities, that would
allow for a renaissance of commercial space activity.
I think what we've begun to see now, today, with SpaceX's
[Space Exploration Technologies Corp.] success in delivering payloads
to orbit for NASA, in the form of Dragon [capsule] delivering cargo
to ISS, and the Falcon 9 [rocket] is competing aggressively in the
commercial satellite launch market. It's winning market share
back from foreign countries, and lowering the cost of access to space,
and will, in fact, begin to impact the market, the prices, and the
costs of doing things in space, doing things at the Space Station.
It will take time, but hopefully we will see a growing amount of commercial
activity up there.
That was exactly the result we had hoped for when we were writing
provisions of the law back in the late '90s. Saying that if
we can start to privatize this, if we can start to move towards commercially-owned-and-operated
launch vehicles doing more of the pedestrian, workaday space transportation
stuff, while NASA focuses on its more challenging missions of going,
perhaps, beyond Earth orbit—we didn't talk about that
specifically at the time, but the idea was that we wanted NASA focused
on technology and on science and on exploration. Certainly now, everyone
talks about focusing NASA on exploration beyond Earth orbit.
The idea was, let's see if we can't apply normal capitalistic
principles and normal market forces to low-Earth orbit space transportation.
That's what we pushed for, and lo and behold, 15 years later,
we're starting to see it.
How has the political environment changed to allow these doors to
open? Or has it?
I would actually argue that it's changed, but it hasn't
necessarily changed in a good way. Back then, Congress was fairly
enthusiastic about the idea of turning more responsibilities over
to the private sector. Maybe because the Shuttle was there and everyone
was happy because the Shuttle was operating—so while we were
starting to push these ideas, there wasn't a tremendous resistance
to that in Congress. Of course, there was obviously some resistance
inside NASA. It took a long time for NASA to really get behind the
idea of turning over regular cargo resupply of the Space Station to
the private sector.
[The White House] OMB [Office of Management and Budget] created a
program in 2000 called Alternate Access to [Space] Station to begin
buying services, but NASA didn't ask for it, and it took a lot
of work to force NASA to even do studies of what was possible. Frankly,
it actually took a new NASA Administrator, Mike [Michael D.] Griffin
coming in and saying, "We're not going to just do studies.
We're actually going to fund demonstration flights and start
buying services." It took a combination of continuing pressure
from Congress and new leadership in the executive branch to actually
make something happen.
But, more recently, there have been political issues associated with
carrying that to its next logical step, which is for the private sector
to start transporting humans to and from low-Earth orbit for NASA.
There's been a strong resistance to this idea for the past few
years, largely because the Shuttle was retiring and there was doubt
and confusion about what NASA would be doing in terms of human exploration
beyond Earth orbit. Today, in 2013 there's still controversy
about the idea of commercial crew, although that's starting
to change because of the success of commercial cargo.
SpaceX has successfully delivered cargo to Station three times now,
and now Orbital [Sciences Corporation] has succeeded in launching
their Antares rocket once. It's ironic—you can have changing
tides or trends of opinion in different parts of the government, different
players in the process. Congress has become more resistant to change,
while NASA has become more supportive. Of course, OMB has remained
very strongly supportive throughout because they know it will save
Some of the same people in Congress have stayed consistent. Rohrabacher
is still there, and is now Vice Chairman of the full Committee [on
Science, Space, and Technology] and still champions this. Others,
who are more concerned about the loss of Shuttle-related jobs or loss
of funding for other human spaceflight programs are saying, "We
shouldn't be doing this commercial thing. We should just be
funding the government program." This even comes from conservative
Republicans, who you would think would be more supportive of privatization.
It's strange, and this is not unique to space that you'll
have ebbs and flows of policy and attitudes in the government and
in Washington. But in the aggregate, I would say the progress has
been steadily positive. Sometimes it's two steps forward and
one step back, but it's plugged away for 15 years now and we're
really starting to see results.
Tell me what you believe the results of the implementation and the
success of the COTS program at NASA has shown Congress and has shown
the private companies. What is the reaction from the outside of the
COTS program and what its benefit has been?
Obviously, different audiences have different views of what the results
are and what the benefits are. What I think COTS has shown, fairly
conclusively—although SpaceX only has a few flights under their
belt so far—is that if you form a partnership between NASA's
in-house experts and NASA acting as a customer, you can free up the
private sector team to innovate more, to be more creative, to find
ways of doing things more cheaply than are done by traditional cost-plus,
government-managing-the-contractor arrangements. There are times in
which those more traditional approaches are appropriate, but I think
this has been a strong demonstration that a partnership model, a more
commercial-style approach can really work.
You generally don't see in the private sector, even a company
like General Motors [Company, Inc. (GM)], go to a supplier of an automobile
part and tell them exactly how they should do their job of making
the part. They will give them very strong and clear standards for
what the part has to be able to do, what it has to look like, what
its strength or weight or other characteristics have to be, but they
won't tell the part maker how to make the part. Unless nobody
knows how to make the part.
Now, if nobody knows how to make the part GM may tell some prospective
part makers, "Here's what we want and here's some
ideas for how to do it. Let's see you guys bid against each
other to see who can do it best and do it for a reasonable price."
But there isn't the sort of presumption like in the government,
where the government thinks it's their job to tell the private
company not just what to do, but how to do it. And not just once—up
front—but continuously throughout the life of the program.
Hopefully with the COTS program there's been enough of a demonstration—as
well as by the way some other major programs like the EELV [Evolved
Expendable Launch Vehicle] program in the Air Force from 12 or 14
years ago—that the private sector really can do quite a lot
in the space field when given the opportunity. Even in human spaceflight,
even in systems that are going to touch the Space Station and safely
rendezvous with the Space Station, and therefore need to operate reliably
enough so that you don't threaten the lives of the people on
the Space Station. Then of course later, vehicles that can actually
carry astronauts safely to and from the Space Station. Hopefully this
has shown that the private sector really can produce excellent results
in a different way at much less cost.
If I were to indulge my cynical side, I would say that not only do
commercial partnerships do a better job, or a more efficient job,
or a more affordable job than the traditional approach, I could argue
that the traditional approach really hasn't worked at all inside
NASA on major human spaceflight programs for the last 10 or 20 years.
I mean, there's been lots of attempts at NASA to do big, new
human spaceflight projects, and probably the singular success, if
I can call it that, has been that after about seven or eight years
a variant of Orion [Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle] is going to be flight-tested
next year.
And it's going to be flight tested on a commercial launch vehicle,
the Delta IV Heavy, that was developed commercially by The Boeing
[Company] and is now operated by the United Launch Alliance. It was
developed on a fixed-price basis with an Other Transaction Authority
partnership between the Air Force and Boeing, for a total federal
government investment upfront of $500 billion, where Boeing put in
$3 billion to develop the launch vehicle. Delta IV Heavies are very
expensive to buy, but the fact is that it was developed fairly cheaply
and it did produce results, and they've all succeeded in their
mission goals. They regularly deliver multi-billion-dollar satellites
to orbit. And it's going to deliver Orion into a high orbit
to test out Orion's heat shield.
I guess my point is that hopefully this message that commercial partnerships
work for human spaceflight is starting to get across. There are a
lot of people that are resistant to it because the rice bowls that
people want to keep full don't necessarily get full that way.
There's always pain in transition, there's always pain
in change, there's always pain in adjustment to a new paradigm,
and this is one of those cases.
Do you believe that there will be an acceleration of involvement with
more public-private partnerships for space transportation, let's
say in the next 15 years?
I do believe that. I'm going to be optimistic. I'm not
going to be optimistic in saying that the progress we've made
over the last 15 years will accelerate because it's a good thing
to accelerate it and it's a good thing to have more of it. That
is all true, and I would like that to happen. I would like it to accelerate
so that we have a lot more commercial space activity, and a lot more
leveraging of public dollars with private dollars. A lot more private
investment, a lot more innovation, a lot more competition, a lot more
lowering of prices and increasing of capability. More innovation,
and more dynamism in the marketplace.
Those are all good things that I believe in that we need to have,
but I'm going to be optimistic in a different way, and say that
the United States government will still have a human spaceflight program
in 15 years. We will not have an active human spaceflight program
in the government in 15 years if it does not embrace this new model,
because the old model is simply withering and dying. There's
simply not enough money in the federal treasury at a high enough priority
to do everything that NASA and other people would like NASA to do,
in the same ways that NASA has always done things, and actually produce
much results.
I'm going to be optimistic and say that NASA and the human spaceflight
community will choose to adapt and to pursue this new way of doing
things more frequently, and therefore will succeed, and therefore
will grow again, and therefore will actually be flying astronauts
into space. As opposed to failing to adapt and, like the dinosaurs,
dying off.
What about other markets? I know that part of the COTS program was
to help stimulate new markets for these companies that were their
partners. Do you see that also happening?
Well, the COTS program had multiple purposes. There were the three
formal goals of the program that were in the procurements that awarded
the Space Act Agreements, but there were really a bunch of expectations
and demands on the program from various constituencies and various
policymakers. The number one demand, that some people thought was
the priority, was let's fly something as soon as possible that
can deliver cargo to the Space Station.
The company I worked for, Constellation Services International, took
an innovative but very fairly low-risk approach of using Russian technology
to satisfy the last mile, i.e., the safe transport of cargo from low-Earth
orbit to the Space Station. It would use existing proven launch vehicles,
in particular the Atlas V, for the delivery of a cargo container to
low-Earth orbit. The goal there was to show that it was possible to
deliver cargo to the Space Station in as little as two years from
the award of a demonstration Space Act Agreement.
NASA decided that it had these broader goals for the COTS program,
including the stimulation of new markets. The primary way they were
going to do that was to stimulate the development of new launch vehicles
that would lower the cost of access to space, and therefore both generate
competitive orders for satellite launches in the U.S. instead of in
Europe or Russia or the Ukraine, but also generate new applications
that would make sense doing in space if you lowered the cost of access.
NASA chose to go for that brass ring.
It took companies a total of six years from contract award to finally
deliver cargo to the Space Station, but there's no question
that the transformative effect of the Falcon 9 launch vehicle, having
already won significant international geosynchronous communication
satellite launch orders—SpaceX is definitely changing the market.
It's discontinuous and it's disruptive, and it's
a really great thing for the economy and it's a really great
thing for the space program and for NASA.
I think that the creation of new markets is already starting to happen
in the case of what SpaceX is doing. I'm hoping that as Orbital
continues, and perhaps as the Commercial Crew Program enables another
company to enter the marketplace with a different spacecraft and probably
an existing launch vehicle, the Atlas V, you'll have multiple
ways of getting people or goods to the Space Station. You'll
see competition and you'll really start to see a flowering of
new applications at the Space Station.
Some of those could be traditional, like biological and physical research,
commercial processes, crystal growth, medicine, and research into
combustion and physical processes. Other things may be assembling
satellites at the Space Station—launching components, assembling
them at the Space Station, and launching CubeSats, or small satellites,
out the side of the Space Station. One company has already demonstrated
the launch of CubeSats for the Space Station, called NanoRacks.
Exactly what it's going to look like—that's the
great thing about the private marketplace, that people are incentivised
to go out, come up with cool ideas, keep them secret, raise money,
develop it, and then sort of spring it on the world. We'll see
over the next five years whether this increase in access to the Space
Station starts making the Space Station not only a scientific and
research success, which hopefully it will be, but also a commercial
success. It will be a hub of commercial activity. That's why
Congress funded it for all these years, so it would be really good
for NASA's credibility if it actually happens.
What's been the most challenging aspect of your role as an advocate
over these last 15 years?
I guess I have two thoughts about that. One is that when you are proposing
new ways of doing things that dramatically change current circumstances,
that change the environment within which people do their jobs, you
can get some fairly spirited resistance to those changes. One of the
difficult things for me has been the fact that it can get very personal.
It can get fairly malicious, and even malevolent, in terms of how
aggressively people will fight to stop a new idea simply because it
threatens the current way of doing things.
I'm sure there were companies that raised horses and made saddles
and made buggies and other tools of the trade associated with horse-based
transportation that really hated Henry Ford [founder of the Ford Motor
Company], and really hated the other early entrepreneurs of the automobile
industry. But I'm not sure they engaged in the same level of
personal attack, and even government efforts to try to stop things
that I've witnessed over the last 30 years, and certainly over
the last 15 years. It's important to keep reminding yourself
that you're not just doing this for yourself.
There are less confrontational ways to make a living than trying to
open the space frontier to human civilization, because apparently
there are people who really don't want that to happen. These
are people who are actually in charge of space organizations and space
agencies and space companies. They don't want the disruptive
level of change that goes with opening up the space economy to all
comers. That's been hard to reconcile with these people's
insistence that they are the ones who are "pro space."
Personally, of course the fact that CSI didn't succeed in its
primary goals as a business was hard for me. It was hard for me that
NASA chose to take an effort that was primarily focused on simply
showing that the private sector could take cargo to and remove trash
from the International Space Station, and turned it into a launch
vehicle development program. I understand why they did it, but I think
it delayed the result of proving that you could deliver cargo. That
early demonstration that the private sector could do what only governments
had done up until then—it made it harder, for example, for companies
to convince people that they could deliver people to the Space Station
because we hadn't succeeded at delivering cargo yet.
When President [Barack] Obama proposed his budget in early 2010 and
proposed to spend upwards of $5 to $6 billion over several years to
enable the develop of commercial crew capabilities, people were up
in arms. Partly because he was also canceling the current human spaceflight
project, Constellation, but also because, "Why would you put
so much money into something when they haven't even done what
they were supposed to do starting back in the 2000s?"
It might have been a good idea for NASA to have done something lower
risk first, and then done something else more aggressive and then
done something else even more advanced, and brought in new launch
vehicles and new spacecraft as new generations of innovation. I can't
tell you that my thinking about that isn't partly biased by
the fact that I was part of a company that was pursuing a simpler,
lower-risk strategy. It's taken a long time, but NASA's
investments have more than paid off by showing that private companies
can develop new launch vehicles. They are affordable and they do seem
to be reliable, and they will dramatically bring launch revenue back
to the United States. That's a great result for the country.
Do you think at some point in these last years there was a tipping
point that gave you hope that where we are now is where you wanted
to be? When there was a ray of hope, and you didn't want to
stop working towards this venture?
Nine years ago today, SpaceShipOne flew to space for the first time.
Literally, nine years ago today. [Elbert L.] "Burt" Rutan's
SpaceShipOne was carried to altitude, to roughly 50,000 feet, by the
White Knight One aircraft. It was dropped, its hybrid rocket motor
was ignited, and it burned to full duration and the spaceship flew
to over 60 miles high.
That was a feat equivalent to what Alan [B.] Shepard did in May of
1961, when our first Mercury flight took place on the Redstone rocket.
That was a suborbital flight. [Freedom 7] was actually a little longer,
a little faster, a little higher, but the point is, it was a suborbital
flight of a human being. The government spent a lot of money developing
that Mercury capability, and Mercury went on to take John [H.] Glenn
to orbit.
Burt Rutan spent, in 2004 dollars, about $21 to 24 million to develop
his capability. That capability demonstrated a potential way of doing
this that could make money for Richard [C.N.] Branson, and therefore
ignited a new industry. The industry already existed, but it really
heralded the industry because it showed people, "Oh, the private
sector could do things we didn't think they could do."
There have been a lot of moments like that. That's one I picked
out because today is June the 21st, but there have been a lot of moments
like that where it's not just a ray of hope, it's a thunderclap
of change. You have to revel in those moments. All I had to do with
that flight was that I was arguing in Washington that they should
be allowed to do it, and that we needed to set up the right regulatory
regime for companies when they actually got into business. But when
that happened, I took tremendous comfort that it was happening.
The company I worked for, which is a competitor to Virgin Galactic
[LLC], XCOR Aerospace, is building their SpaceShipTwo-class vehicle
right now, to carry people on a regular basis to 65 or 70 miles, and
they will be flying it early next year. Then I will feel even better
because then it won't be a fluke. It'll be more than one
company doing it, it'll be a competitive industry. And of course,
I'll have the benefit of my company that I work in actually
having the accomplishment itself.
When new things are being birthed, you have to take some pride in
the community's advances, and use that to spur yourself on your
own personal challenges to move forward. I'm sure this is true
in traditional aerospace, where a company that makes a Mars rover
of course is proud when their Mars rover lands on Mars successfully,
but the other company that wanted to build the Mars rover still is
happy that America's on Mars.
I'm going to go back to some notes that I took when you first
started talking about your involvement overall. You mentioned working
to help draft legislation, and you also just mentioned helping set
up the regulatory regime for these commercial ventures. Could you
share some details about how that came to be, and working with the
FAA [Federal Aviation Administration] to do that?
Sure. In 2003, I had been a consultant for about three years, and
I was approached by friends at XCOR and by Dennis [A.] Tito, who was
the first space tourist to the ISS—who I had worked for after
his flight back in 2001—and by another company I'd done
some work for, Space Adventures [Ltd.]. They said, "We want
to try to reduce the regulatory risk that a new space vehicle would
face in entering the marketplace."
Let me take a minute to explain what that means. In early 2003, no
one knew that SpaceShipOne existed. Well, obviously people at Scaled
Composites knew, and a few other people knew, but it was not publicly
known that this was being worked on. There was the Ansari X Prize
going on, and there were companies out there talking about pursuing
it, but there wasn't any clearly-leading candidate. Companies
were trying to raise money, and people weren't clear whether
or not it was going to happen. But there was also a risk facing companies
that were going to be operating these vehicles after the X Prize was
won, particularly because some of these vehicles had wings and some
of these vehicles took off and landed horizontally, they could be
regulated as airplanes rather than as spaceships.
In 1984, Congress passed the original Commercial Space Launch Act,
which authorized and directed the Secretary of Transportation to create
a licensing regime for commercial space launches in this country,
which would put all of the safety focus on protecting people who were
not involved in the activity itself. If you're a rocket engineer
working on the rocket right there at the launch pad, it's not
the Secretary of Transportation's job to keep you from blowing
yourself up with your rocket. It's the Secretary of Transportation's
job to make sure that if the rocket blows up it doesn't hurt
anyone who isn't part of the process. If a rocket takes off
and goes off course, the government doesn't want it to land
on someone's house or someone's school or someone's
office building. They weren't involved, they weren't part
of it, they didn't choose to participate in a risky activity,
so they should be protected.
Now, flash forward two decades to 2003, and you're now talking
about vehicles that are going to fly and carry people in them. These
will not be people who have an expectation of safety like when they
get on Southwest Airlines [Company]. These are people who understand
that they are doing something risky, but they would like to have the
experience of flying through space.
Because some of these vehicles have wings and some of them take off
and land horizontally, and they kind of look like airplanes, there's
the question, "Well, could these things be regulated like airplanes?"
Unlike the launch regime, which is to protect uninvolved persons but
let people take risks flying rockets or people into space, aviation
is a common carrier industry. By that I mean it is an industry that
holds itself out to the public and offers a transportation service
to everyone. Customers are not expected to be experts in how the service
is carried out.
When you buy a cell phone, you're not expected to know how the
cell towers operate or the switching system operates, so the Federal
Communications Commission regulates Verizon [Wireless] and AT&T
[Inc.] and other companies and makes sure that how they sell to you
is appropriate. In the aviation industry, the FAA strongly regulates
how United Airlines operates its [Boeing] 737s [aircraft], how Southwest
Airlines operates its 737s, and how Delta [Air Lines, Inc.] operates
its 737s and Airbus [SA aircraft]. Exactly how they have to keep them
maintained, exactly how many staff they have to have aboard the plane,
and exactly the processes they have to go through in instructing everyone
who boards the plane on how to be safe during the flight, etc.
That regulatory regime for aviation was built up over 100 years of
powered flight! The Wright brothers [Orville and Wilbur Wright] flew
in 1903. Here we were in 2003, and we had a huge history, a century
of aviation in this country. We'd had regulation of airplane
safety since the mid-1920s, and the FAA itself has existed since 1958.
The question was, if it's a launch vehicle, then it will be
lightly regulated, primarily to protect uninvolved persons. But if
it's an airplane, it's going to face the same burden of
regulation as United Airlines and Boeing. We were very clear which
side of that dividing line we wanted to be on. We wanted to be on
the space side, not on the airplane side, but that outcome was not
clear in 2003.
What we went about doing was asking the Congress to enact legislation
which would define in the law what a suborbital rocket was—because
a suborbital rocket had never been defined in law or in regulation—and
to create an affirmative, positive regime that says that people could
fly at their own risk. The government isn't certifying the launch
vehicles to be safe to fly on. Initially we wanted the bill to be
silent on the issue of the safety of the spaceflight participants,
that is, the people who fly on these vehicles and pay to fly.
What we ended up with was a limitation on how the FAA could regulate
for safety, and any regulating for safety was entirely based on a
need to promote the health of the industry, so there was no separate
mandate to regulate for passenger safety on these space vehicles.
And it took a year and two-thirds, from April or May of 2003 to the
very last moment of that Congress to create, in law, an affirmative
regime to promote and allow commercial human spaceflight. The Commercial
Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004 was actually the very last piece
of business that the Senate passed. That sets you up with a picture
of what happened.
Quite an accomplishment, yes. Thank you for that background because
it gives a little more context to just how long it takes to get some
things done, so we appreciate that. What about your thoughts about
the contributions you had setting up the actual parameters of the
public-private partnerships? Did you give some guidance on what should
be involved?
Sure. I mean, as a congressional staff member back in the '90s,
long before CSI was set up, I was advocating for privatization of
transportation to and from the Space Station. I had meetings with
people at OMB and meetings with people at NASA, and we secured legislation
to try to press them to do that. I think as a result of, in part,
my encouragement, and encouragement coming from the Hill from the
majority Republican side, people who were working in OMB at the time
said, "Let's go try to create a program by which NASA
will actually start to buy services." That idea did not come
from NASA. It is very hard to get NASA or any large institution to
do something it didn't think of doing. The Alternate Access
to Station program, which was what OMB created in the budget that
came out in February of 2000, was precisely the kind of market opportunity
that I had wanted as a legislator.
Once I left Congress and joined CSI, it was precisely the sort of
market opportunity that we were interested in because it would help
stimulate on-orbit services, and we could then also provide services
for the private sector as well. We were interested in satellite servicing,
using a human spaceflight vehicle based at the ISS, basically a derivative
of the [Russian Federal Space Agency] Soyuz [spacecraft], that would
serve as a space tug that could go service satellites that were being
launched into orbits near the ISS.
When I say "near," I don't mean physically near
the ISS itself, I mean in inclinations and altitudes that were within
reach, in terms of orbital mechanics, from the ISS. The ISS is at
51.6 degrees. Because a lot of communication satellite constellations
were planned to be launched to 53 degrees or 55 degrees, back in 2000,
on Russian launch vehicles from Kazakhstan, it turned out that ISS
was a good orbit to be at with the human spaceflight vehicle to do
satellite servicing.
Our idea was kind of interesting. The idea was to say, "NASA
has already demonstrated that what works in terms of satellite servicing
is humans." The problem is it's really expensive to launch
the Shuttle to rescue a satellite. What if you could use people that
are already in space and just basically rent them for a period of
time to do satellite servicing? That's where CSI came from.
That's why it was called Constellation Services International,
because the idea was to service satellite constellations from ISS.
Now, the simpler version of what we were talking about was to simply
use an existing spacecraft, the [Russian Federal Space Agency] Progress,
as a tug, to simply bring cargo containers to and from ISS itself.
That way you could launch a cargo container on any launch vehicle,
and then the Progress would come get the cargo container and take
it back to ISS, just as a tugboat brings a large container ship into
port. The large container ship is not designed or built to negotiate
its way into a harbor and all the way to the dock where it gets unloaded.
They have tugboats for that. That last mile is done differently than
the efficiency of moving all those containers across the ocean, and
that was exactly what we were proposing to do at ISS.
It was a very cool idea, and I, having helped—not the parameters,
and didn't set up the program when I was in Congress, but arguing
for the idea and working with OMB in 2000, 2001, 2002. We tried to
encourage NASA to actually do it. They did some of it, they did some
studies, but they weren't really going to actually fund demonstrations
or flights. It wasn't until Mike Griffin came in, who testified
to the Congress, in part with my instigation, "Why can't
we do this? Why can't we do Alternate Access? Why can't
we take that piece away from the Shuttle, and therefore make it easier
to do whatever the Shuttle has left to do? Let's go ahead and
take the low-hanging fruit."
When Mike came in he said, "Listen, we're not going to
do it this way that NASA was thinking about doing it." It was
taking forever for them to get their act together. Griffin said, "We're
going to go do this COTS program." I was working for other companies
at the time as well, and I was encouraging them to use Space Act Agreements
for demonstrating crew capabilities, and they wrapped it all up into
one program. Which turned out to not be great for CSI, but it was
good for other companies. They ended up using Space Act Agreements,
and proving that Space Act Agreements are a great way to manage innovative
programs, because when Rocketplane Kistler failed to do what it was
promised to do, NASA cut them off. They used the remaining money and
gave an award to Orbital.
There were many aspects of COTS. It was competitive, you used Space
Act Agreements, it was pay for milestones instead of paying for cost
and for labor hours, which is what traditional contracts are. All
of that has worked, all of that has demonstrated success. I don't
like, as I said before, everything about how NASA structured the program
or all of NASA's selections, but we are where we are and the
world moves on. There are still people who don't view COTS as
a great success, but I think it was, and I think it validated a whole
bunch of different ideas.
I don't relate to it as my victory or my accomplishment, but
I'm glad to have been part of pushing this idea. I have on my
credenza here a SpaceX COTS patch that was flown with Dragon on that
first flight to the Space Station [C2+ demonstration mission]. The
reason I have something like that instead of a vanity wall with autographed
pictures of politicians is because that was the first time a private
company delivered something to a Space Station with a privately-developed
vehicle. That's what COTS made possible. It's a big deal.
We all watched 2001 [A Space Odyssey], and watched a Pan American
[World Airways] shuttle deliver Heywood [R.] Floyd to this big space
station in the sky. We just automatically assumed that of course the
private sector would handle regular [space] transportation, just like
it did on the Earth. Somehow, NASA didn't evolve that way and
space didn't evolve that way, and it took active effort—a
lot of active effort—over decades, by a lot of people, to force
the system to actually embrace such a fairly basic concept! Yes, the
government doesn't have to operate its own delivery van. It
sounds silly when you say that, but that's what we literally
had to fight for decades to make happen.
Thank you. You've covered so much. Are there any other thoughts
that you'd like to add before we close? Or anything else that
you'd like to mention? Maybe even possibly what you feel are
the next steps forward?
I think commercial crew is the next step. There is an argument that
some people make, and I understand the argument, that we should have
the commercial sector handle more of the responsibilities in low-Earth
orbit while NASA focuses beyond Earth orbit. I definitely agree that
NASA should focus on activities beyond Earth orbit. I still think
NASA has a role in low-Earth orbit at the Space Station, but I also
think that the private sector can make a huge contribution beyond
Earth orbit. In other words, I don't want to see some sort of
celestial zoning where low-Earth orbit is a business district, but
beyond Earth orbit is a strictly government district.
The fact is, we will never have enough money in the NASA budget to
replicate the Apollo model, ever. People who want to replicate the
Apollo model keep forgetting that Apollo ended. It collapsed! It ran
out of steam in four years. We abandoned the Moon. People who today
believe that we have to have a heavy-lift launch vehicle using the
capabilities that NASA has had in its hand—i.e., Space Shuttle
main engines and Space Shuttle solid rocket boosters and big tanks
and cores made at [NASA] Michoud [Assembly Facility, New Orleans,
Louisiana], where the external tank was made because that's
what we did for Apollo—are arguing for form over substance.
They are trying to replicate the appearance of Apollo, which if we
had all the money in the world and Congress supported NASA sufficiently
to let them do that, they could do. For a little while. But we don't
have that money, Congress isn't providing that much support,
and therefore it's not going to work. It's going to be
like Constellation, except that we're starting from an even
lower base than 2005 and we're facing the certainty of more
cuts, instead of Constellation's false hope of huge increases.
Doing "Constellation Lite" is going to fail, and we have
to adopt an approach for beyond Earth orbit that shares more of the
responsibility with the private sector, that shares more of the responsibility
with the private companies that are launching things for the government—for
other parts of the government, like the Defense Department, and for
NASA's science programs. This is heresy, but NASA isn't
going to be able to have its own launch vehicle that is totally its
launch vehicle that no one else has, that NASA is comfortable with
because NASA designed it from scratch and NASA totally controls it.
One of my concerns for the Johnson Space Center is, what happens if
SLS [Space Launch System] doesn't fly? What are the lessons
that we should be learning from COTS toward developing launch capabilities
that we need to send humans to the Moon and eventually to asteroids,
and the moons and surface of Mars?
What it turns out we need isn't so much a big launch vehicle
as a really efficient mass-produced upper stage that could serve in
multiple roles, like a tanker or a depot. Maybe that could be done
as a COTS-style partnership, and then you could buy first stages from
ULA [United Launch Alliance] or SpaceX. Whoever can launch that efficient
upper stage that a government-private partnership provides, and then
the government adds special things onto it to turn it into a planetary
lander or turn it into a propellant depot, or turn it into other things.
Just as when the Air Force wants to move people or cargo, they don't
just use [Boeing] C-17s [Globemaster III aircraft]. Mostly they use
American Airlines or Delta, and they fly people and they fly cargo
using Civil Reserve Air Fleet contracts. Just like COTS and CRS [Commercial
Resupply Services] are doing for the Space Station. Maybe we should
be doing that even for transportation to low-Earth orbit in support
of exploration beyond Earth orbit.
As long as we try to replicate the form of Apollo and preserve the
same old way of doing things, I'm afraid that SLS will never
fly and the Johnson Space Center—whose heart and soul is the
operations of running spaceflight missions, and the engineering capability
to solve the problems that come up when you're doing spaceflight—won't
have anything to do.
Johnson's engineering directorate is really amazing. They not
only help do early initial design, but they're the folks who
come up with a solution to a problem so we can launch on time, or
get the astronauts home alive, or what have you. All of that intellectual
muscle, without real spaceflight missions to practice on, will atrophy.
That would a bigger crime than throwing away the Saturn V.
So if some politicians and bureaucrats insist that we keep trying
the old way and it keeps failing, hopefully someone like me will be
around to will say, "Look at this new way of doing things. Maybe
we should try that." I will probably spend the rest of my career
trying to convince people that that's what they should do.
I was just going to add, it sounds like you're going to be busy
for the next 15 to 30 years as well.
Hopefully I won't be working another 30 years, but I'll
probably never stop. I'll probably never stop fighting to actually
try to apply the genius of America to spaceflight.
It doesn't sound like it. It's a passion of yours, and
we sure appreciate you sharing the information with us this morning.
of Interview]
to JSC Oral History Website
JSC Web Team | Responsible NASA Official: Lynnette
Madison | Updated 7/16/2010
Policy and Important Notices


text:
Animal (139)
Puzzle (223)
Skill (137)
Adventure (40)
Fun (257)
Girl (1451)
Kids (1488)
Matching (67)
Sofia Western Food Restaurant
Elsa's Pet Hospital
Princesses Summer Seaside Vacation
Peppa Pig Tattoo Studio
Princess Elsa Teacher's Day
Click to Play Now
Peppa Pig Birthday Cake Cooking
Start Game
Peppa Pig Birthday Cake Cooking
Spongebob Or Hello Kitty
Disney Princess Cake Cooking
Ladybug Birthday Party Dress Up
Elsa Cooking Ice Cream Sandwiches
Elsa Happy Time In Zoo
Peppa Pig Birthday Cake Cooking
Peppa Pig Birthday Cake Cooking is an online mobile game presented by mafa.com, the html5 game is playable in browsers such as safari and chrome. You can play the girl game on smartphone and tablet (iPhone, iPad, Windows Phone, Samsung, Huawei and all Android devices). Today is Peppa Pig's birthday. Can you make a cake for Peppa Pig's birthday? You can finish the cake according to the instructions of the game. Peppa Pig must be very happy. Have fun play with Peppa Pig Birthday Cake Cooking.
players like the mobile game.
@ 2019

subset: commoncrawl


text: Books Stephen Markley Books by Stephen Markley Stephen Markley has written books about: Literary Fiction Fiction Facebook Twitter Flipboard Email NPR stories about Stephen Markley NPR Books NPR's Book Concierge: Our Guide To 2018's Great Reads November 27, 2018 The Book Concierge is back! Explore more than 300 standout titles picked by NPR staff and critics. Review Book Reviews 'Ohio' Is A Wild, Angry, Devastating Debut August 28, 2018 Stephen Markley's novel follows four friends, each with their own baggage, who return to their home town on the same night, but for different reasons — leading to an explosive moment of violence.


text:
Please check out our fantastic new fundraising perks here. Donations to O Réjane are tax deductible!
Writing samples.
Comin' Together, Right Now
O Réjane in France Magazine
Life equals art.
New O Réjane trailer…
…shot during hang & focus this past weekend. Our set really is this much fun.
A banner moment
Check out our banner on French Morning!
…and Happy Halloween.
Top Pix
Turns out I'll be playing 'cello in O Réjane!
This is what happened last time I performed on 'cello… And what Cara Pifko (Réjane) and I (Blanche) looked like 7 months pregnant.
Shout out to Schkapf
Many thanks to LA theater and performing arts incubator Schkapf, who are hosting our rehearsal today. Schkapf was the first place to support the creation of O Réjane. Their contribution to the LA arts scene is invaluable. Also, Olya & Bryan, who are at the helm there, could not be lovelier.
From Page to Stage
As we head into our second full week of O Réjane rehearsals, we'll welcome musical collaborator Adrien Reju to LA on Tuesday. We'll then further integrate the brilliant music she and Sébastien Miel have created. O Réjane will now feature their recordings and our ensemble playing and singing live. Looks like we'll be working in a 'cello, sax, guitar, flute and maybe keyboard. The show is now poised to be an intellectual, emotional, visual and auditory feast.
Here's a quick photo recap of last Friday:


text: The need for differentiation has come a a couple of times (e.g. http://lists.openstreetmap.org/pipermail/talk/2010-January/047028.html ). Therefore I think we need to discuss on some new keys and values to have a better seperation/more_information for routes. One one side renderers need more differentiation to decide how important an relation is, on the other hand there is a lot of information that is simply not yet tagged or not tagged in a machine readable form. Therefore I propose to formalize some new values and keys that should only be used on relation=route. I have started a Wiki page here. Please add keys or values that you are missing or that are already in use but not (well) documented. http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Keys_for_relation:route


text:
How to Hire the Best Architect and Builder
Is it your dream to build a house and other commercial structures. With the information written below, you will get the best services. There are many service providers that you will have to hire when building a house or any other structure. The number one service provider that you will get, is the architect. The following is the builders who will take part in the job. Know all the advantages that you will get from the service provider that is mentioned above.
Make sure that you look at the architect and then hire the builders. The main work of this architect is to ensure that the structure that you need is put on paper. The architect will able to tell you the type of the house you need before building it. The place where you are going to build will be determined by the architect and also the type of materials that they are going to use. The truth is that this architect will use what you want to provide you the best services.
Getting a greater architect is the next thing that you need to consider. Know about the builders who will take the work of the architect and build a structure that is seen. Also this will happen when you get the best builder that will help you. Hiring the architect and the builder can be a hard thing. You will get the best architect and a builder when you see the following things. There are people who are still looking for these service provider and also there are some that have hired them.
If you seek reference from these people, you will be lucky to get the best architect and builder for good services. With the many architect and builders that you will get in the market, you will pass through a lot when trying to hire the best. These past clients are aware of the type of work these architect and builders does and if you ask them, you will be referred to the best. It is important that you go to the internet where you will also get a lot of service providers that can offer you services.
Do more research on the internet to get a good architect and builder. You should visit the official website of this architect and builders to know more about them. You need to know the services that these companies are offering by looking at the services reviews. You can also see some photos of the past work that these companies have proffered to know the quality of their work. Also, read the reviews of what the past clients are talking about the service offered by the architect and the builder that you will get.


text:
By submitting this information, you provide express written consent to Cynthia Walsh MacKenzie and our affiliates (the "Company") sending you future information, contacting you for telemarketing purposes using the information (including any phone numbers) you have or will provide us, and monitoring and recording these communications to assure the quality of service or for other reasons. This means the Company may contact you via residential number, mobile number and/or text messaging (including use of automated dialing equipment and pre-recorded calls). You are not required to give your consent as a condition of making a purchase with the Company. Additional information can be found in our Privacy Policy.
Want to see how long it takes to get to work from this property? Just enter in your work address and we will show you how long it takes to get there on every property you look at.
Reverend Ward Cotton House, Circa 1800. Lovingly maintained and tastefully updated, located in Boylston's Historic Town Center, set 300 ft. off Main St. Home boasts 3 levels of comfortable living. 14 rooms, 9 fireplaces, 2 Dutch ovens, 5 bathrooms, wide pine floors, screened porch, eat in Cherry kitchen, granite counters. Potential craft room or workshop located off mudroom and kitchen. Dual staircases. 5 rooms with closets. Flexible usage of rooms. Spacious 4 bay garage (25x50) with walk up second level, ready to be finished - endless possibilities! Replacement windows, security system, central vac system, new septic. This magnificent estate sets on 14 plus wooded acres. Note: During 1993-1998, home was completely restored by 'Historic New England'. (SPNEA). Access to Worcester Center, Routes #290, #495, #90 and #140. Minutes to train station. Don't miss an opportunity to own this beautiful home!
16 August Road
Sudbury, MA 01776
Added 14 Days Ago
60 Prospect St
Sherborn, MA 01770
Added 20 Days Ago
Type anything you want here and we will see what we can find in the property descriptions. Maybe a name of a golf course you want to live by or a term like fixer upper.


text:
product description page
Magnificent Story : Uncovering a Gospel of Beauty, Goodness & Truth (Unabridged) (CD/Spoken Word) (James
not available
Not in stores
About this item
Prices, promotions, styles and availability may vary by store & online. See our price match guarantee. See how a store is chosen for you.


text:
Dear Friend, My name is, Capt LEWIS ALDERWOOD representing a faction of American soldiers, serving in the military of the 1st Armoured Division in Iraq, we came across your e-mail address(s) in the process of research and enquiry into an immense millitary global data base. I believe you are familiar with the war situation in Iraq? Besides the killings, a lot of activities do occur; sales of antiques, discovery of stocked foreign cash and lots more. In April 2003, Staff Sergeant Kenneth Buff of the United States Army found US$160 million hidden by fleeing members of the Baath Party led by former dictator Saddam Hussein of Iraq. Later, a search of the area revealed more hidden loot, totaling US$650 million in all! For a detailed account of the money found by the US Soldiers, please click on the following website to have an insight of my mail to you http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/04/20/1050777165192.html and http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2988455.stm Recently, during a routine archaeological excavation of the area east of Tigris River, I and my three other colleagus discovered 2 boxes of the similar kind found by US Army! After careful examination we discovered that it is $100 US Dollars bills totaling USD 16Million which we concealed and packaged in two boxes hidden safely. We require a trustworthy, upright and business minded individual for safe keeping of this money outside the Iraqi state. Details will be sent upon signal of interest. Our contact email. email@example.com Thanks for your co-operation Signed, Capt.lewis alderwood Note: This mail is sent through an Italian site for security reason. Regards, lewis alderwood
What Is This?This Email with the Subject "GOOD DAY" was received in one of Scamdex's honeypot email accounts on Thu, 05 Jul 2007 17:01:33 -0700 and has been classified as a Generic Scam Email. The sender shows as lewis alderwood <email@example.com>, although that address was probably spoofed. We recommend that you do not attempt to contact any persons or organizations referenced in this email, as you may expose yourself to scammers and, at the very least, you will be added to their email address lists for spam purposes.


text:
Luxo Oporto
Envision sweeping hillsides to the sea canvassing your entrance to the ancient seaport of Oporto: tradesmen gather to cultivate the exotic offerings of their land in the time-honored marketplace of their ancestors. From such a place comes Oporto Luxo soaps. All of their products are made in Portugal.
Intoxicating Pear Sets This Portuguese Soap Apart
Luxo Oporto Port Pear Soap - 6oz Bar Item # 19945


text:
Lil Nas X — Old Town Road Parody (Old Time Dough)
I should probably go return those vineyard vines clothes before it's too late. A parody of Old Town Road by Lil Nas X ft. Billy Ray Cyrus. For more comedic parodies and original skits, visit my channel: http://www.youtube.com/geekslayer73 Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/GeekSlayer73 Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/GeekSlayer73 Subscribe: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=geekslayer73 Filmed on a Canon C200 (this is my first video using… Read More »


text:
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Cornice Moulding
Currently no manuals available for this product. Please check product description or call our sales support team if you have any further queries.
As building science improves, the attention paid to the building envelope, the parts of the structu
There are times when a homeowner will need a certain type of room in their house to be extra quiet
When you're in the market for a truly exceptional ladder that will provide years of durable service
When you work in contracting, you expect to breath in some junk on occasion. But when it comes to i
When you're working on pounding something in, a hammer is a hammer, right? Not necessarily. There a
Cost is a chief concern among building contractors, but often, the quest for an inexpensive project
24 in. Concrete Finish Broom-Wood BlockBrand :- Marshalltown Price :- $28.06
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1-gal. #MS-25 Viejo White Satin Interior/Exterior Masonry, Stucco and Brick PaintBrand :- BEHR Premium Price :- $13.19


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Transportation Planner, Comprehensive Planning
The Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC) is the Philadelphia region's Metropolitan Planning Organization. We believe DVRPC is a place to work, learn, and create a career in a professional and stimulating environment that values diversity, innovation, and bringing your best self to work. If your background and experience match the following vacancy, we would like to hear from you.
Job Description
DVRPC seeks a planner with interest and some experience in the fields of freight and aviation planning, congestion management, and long-range planning. This position will provide thoughtful analytical support for planning projects undertaken by project teams in the Comprehensive Planning section. Approximately one-half of the assignments for this position will support the work of the Freight and Aviation Program, and the remaining assignments will be split between the Office of Long-Range Planning and the Congestion Management Program. While the tasks and workload will be split between various program areas, the responsibilities and qualifications will be similar for all.
The ideal candidate will have knowledge of commonly used demographic, land use, and transportation data, such as Census, population, employment, traffic counts, travel time, and other data sets, as well as demonstrated familiarity in data analytics, visualization, and mapping of planning-related data. The position requires experience in database management, geographic information systems (GIS), and basic programming. Understanding of land use, strategic, or travel demand models is desirable. This position will research and analyze trends and assist in developing corresponding policy options and strategic recommendations. The planner will also assist in the preparation of findings in written documentation, and visualize data through maps, charts, graphics, and online platforms.
The successful candidate will be enthusiastic about all manner of transportation analysis, adaptable enough to support a wide range of project types and tasks, and able to both conduct deep analysis, and clearly tell the story of their findings in written, graphic, and verbal mediums. Assigned tasks require strong organization skills and careful attention to detail, and are performed under the close technical direction of senior-level managers.
- Research emerging trends and corresponding policy options.
- Develop and implement databases and data collection systems, and assist in the analysis and interpretation of data to extract trends or patterns, communicate key information, and develop recommendations.
- Develop and apply customized transportation planning processes using GIS, spreadsheet software, models, and programming languages.
- Assist in the preparation of findings and recommendations of various studies, including text, tables, maps, charts, photos, and other appropriate graphics.
- Help facilitate engagement and outreach to member governments, planning partners, and the public.
- Respond to data and information requests, and perform related technical work, as required.
- Perform related work and special tasks as requested.
- Solid analytical, quantitative, and problem-solving skills.
- Knowledge of the principles, practices and objectives of performance-based transportation planning, and ability to relate this knowledge to the development and analysis of a regional transportation system and its components.
- Proficiency in Microsoft Office, particularly Excel.
- Experience with database management and basic programming (i.e., R, SQL, and/or Python).
- Experience with GIS and related applications.
- Experience with land use, strategic, or travel demand models is a plus.
- Ability to effectively present results of research and technical analyses in oral, written, and graphic form.
- Ability to establish and maintain effective working relationships with work associates and planning officials and partners.
Experience & Training
To classify as a Level RA I, a minimum of one year professional experience in transportation planning or a related field is required. To classify as a Level RA II, a minimum of three years is required. Such experience may have been gained from a combination of experience and training. Training may have been gained through graduation from an accredited four-year college or university, with major coursework in city/regional planning. A Master's degree or a full year of intern or co-operative education experience can be substituted for one year of experience.
To learn more about our work culture and benefits, visit our website: www.dvrpc.org/HumanResources/. DVRPC IS AN EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER. FULL CONSIDERATION WILL BE GIVEN TO ALL ELIGIBLE, QUALIFIED APPLICANTS WITHOUT REGARD TO AGE, ANCESTRY, COLOR, DISABILITY, DOMESTIC OR SEXUAL VIOLENCE VICTIM STATUS, ETHNICITY, FAMILIAL STATUS, GENDER IDENTITY OR EXPRESSION, GENETIC INFORMATION, MARITAL STATUS, MEDICAL CONDITION (INCLUDING PREGNANCY), NATIONAL ORIGIN, RACE, RELIGION, SEX, OR SEXUAL ORIENTATION. MINORITY, DISABLED, AND VETERANS CANDIDATES ARE ENCOURAGED TO APPLY. NOTE: MUST HAVE PERMANENT RESIDENCY STATUS AND WORKING PAPERS.


text:
Factors to Consider When Choosing Marriage Counseling Services
Marriage is considered to be one of the most sacred unions. Love is what is perceived to bond people and make them commit to each other for life. Therefore, everyone who gets married always finds a partner and always hopes that the marriage will be healthy and long. There are some relationships where this will work out just fine and they will achieve such a life. For some people, however, the turn out will never be as expected. Your marriage may be one of those where there are constant indifferences between you and your partner.
For some people, saving the marriage is the one thing they always want to try out first before making any drastic decisions. Therefore, you will find such people seeking the services of a marriage counselor. When looking for marriage counseling services, you may notice that you may have an arduous task in the selection since the services are a lot. You will, however, have an insight into the right marriage counseling services to choose from the tips that you will be offered from this article.
You need to consider taking note of whether the marriage counseling services are able to conduct their services privately. You may never want everyone to learn of the fact that your marriage is not at a good place. Therefore, you may want to be sure that the marriage counseling services can be discrete with their services. However, you should never go for a service that will tell you by word of mouth that they will keep your sessions a secret. Marriage counseling services that will have something binding on the discretion is the right one you need to consider. Therefore, a marriage counseling services that signs a non-disclosure agreement may be the right service for you.
The availability of marriage counseling services needs to be noted. It will be vital that marriage counseling services that will be able to give you time with your issue are the one you go for. There are those marriage counseling services that may be booked fully and may not be able to offer you the services you need. Your marriage may move from bad to worse when you decide to wait for some marriage counseling services to have some slot opened up. You may need to consider checking on whether the marriage counseling services you choose is able to guarantee you reliability.
Where marriage counseling services are located should be noted. Marriage counseling services in your locality may be the best option. You will never have a problem with missed appointments. The services will also be cost-effective considering the fact that the transportation cost will have been eliminated.
A Simple Plan For Investigating Therapy


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1 - What particular expressions mean in these conditions. Flammable liquids and solids such as lighter refills, lighter fuel, matches, paints, thinners, fire-lighters, lighters that need inverting before ignition, substances liable to spontaneous combustion, substances which emit flammable gases on contact with water. 1st November 2017) or base fare plus fuel surcharge per passenger per sector per cancellation, whichever is lower. 499 Get Deal Get 100 moneyback on international flight cancellations. This will assist SpiceJet with informing Passengers of any irregularities with a flight on which they are booked. The liability for loss, delay or damage to baggage is limited by the Montreal Convention 1999 or Warsaw Convention 1929 (as may be applicable). Maximum refund amount. Under this fare, a minimum of two (2) and maximum of nine (09) passengers can only be booked on MAA-CMB-MAA sector These fares are NOT available for bookings made via SpiceJets official mobile application. 12.2 travel documents Prior to travel, the Passenger must present all exit, entry, health and other documents required by law, regulation, order, demand or other requirement of the countries concerned, and permit SpiceJet to take and retain copies thereof.
SpiceJet, airlines is subject to, spiceJet regulations relating to conditions of Non-International Carriage framed in accordance with The Carriage by Air Act, 1972 and Notification regarding application of the Carriage.
Note:- SG 8745/ 8746 will depart from and arrive at Indira Gandhi International Airport Terminal-2 in Delhi.
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Grey Sedge is a perennial pond plant with triangular, grey-green grass growing 20 inches tall or taller. Also known as Gray's Sedge, Common Bur Sedge and Morning Star Sedge. Native to northern and eastern parts of America. In nature, it is found in marshes, swamps and wetlands. It has a dense root system that is helpful in stabilizing soil on streambeds. Grey sedge acts as a cover for birds, waterfowl and some small mammals. Grey Sedge also acts as a habitat for certain birds, including the green winged teal, sandhill crane, common snipe, song sparrow and the red winged blackbird. Grows with a clump-like habitat. Spreads by seed or division.
Height Grows 18 - 24 inches tall
Width Spreads 6 - 12 inches wide
Sunlight Requirements Full sun (tolerates light shade)
Moisture Requirements Moist soil
Zone Hardy in zones 5 - 9
Grey Sedge is an interesting pond plant. Plant Grey Sedge along the edge of the water to soften the rockery around the pond, in bogs or marshes in moist soil. An excellent pond plant with a dense root system that will help stabilize bank erosion. Plant in part sun-part shade. Grey Sedge is great for naturalizing in wetlands and marshes! Grey Sedge makes an interesting accent plant when planted in containers on your deck or patio. Keep Grey Sedge watered in rich soil and in full sun for best results.


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Myspace enter captcha view profile jobs
...must be dependable, highly familiar with using basic office equipment, and able to focus on single tasks for long periods. *Data Entry Operator Duties and Responsibilities *Enter and updates data daily *Use various databases to store and manage data *Generate bi-weekly reports *Ensure that entries are correct and complete *Contact customers to clarify
Build a user profile based on Goolge Analytics data from various websites.
I need you to build my personal website.
I need you to collect data from Google. Very Simple. Need to search a year and enter in Excel Need a team to do 10k records fast. Can give 4 days and $30. Bid confidently
...have filled out 100 times. It's a 1 page form with 3 categories that need filling. I will provide an excel sheet with the answers to all of these. It's simple follow and enter. Each time through takes 20-25 seconds. Could knock this out in 90 minutes easily. I have projects like this come up every week or so. Sometimes multiple projects in a week
Hi, I want to create a LinkedIN Profile for my new startup company and i want someone to manage the same like post some weekly blogs related to my industry (I'll give an example) Also want to attract followers related to my business for the same so can create contacts for business development leads. I'll be reviewing your work before awarding the
Need to change the background color of my profile pic from grey to white
We want an excel spreadsheet version of the attached list [login to view URL]
I will provide all information in chat box. Looking for 500 of the closest locations around us only from Yelp.
Help doing a research regarding bipolar view and analyse linkages of foreign exchange rate issue with free trade agreement. Will be providing more details to suitable freelancers. Please leave your interests.
Hi, I need a simple php/wordpress based web application. The goal is to report a bad linkedin profile to general public. Website admin can decide if that complaint needs posted online or not. (approve or reject in admin dashboard). Just like wordpress comment or facebook comment approval system. If linked in owner wants to correct their name from this
Are you a travel savvy? I have a content which is required to be posted on trip advisor. You must have an old profile on trip advisor. Freelancers from United States, Canada, Malaysia, Thailand, United Kingdom, Finland, Poland, Ukraine, Spain, Portugal, France, Bulgaria, Ireland, Netherland, Australia etc.
...spreadsheets, so you NEED to know your way around using Google Docs. Tasks and Responsibilities - Search the web and build lists of different categories - Scrape data from websites - Enter data into a spreadsheet or database - Create reports from data sets - Plus many other administrative and data entry tasks. Knowledge & Skills - Ability to quickly learn new
...photo albums at Myspace to be transferred to Flickr (in the maximum photo size that's on Myspace, not any smaller), keeping the same album titles and the captions. I don't think this has to be done manually and there must be a way to do a web code and have it done on your end automatically. I need this as soon as possible since Myspace is deleting photos
We are construction and interior design firm. Need company profiling services.
I need 50 Blog Creation, 10 Articles, 30 Profile Link, 100 high pr social bookmarking, 10 Business listing. I am looking for long term SEO partner. Please bid accordingly
View video below for the changes and explanation: Demo: [login to view URL] and Demo Details Page: [login to view URL] Our Site: [login to view URL] Our Details Page: [login to view URL] Video Explanation: https://drive
...com/#5a8bebb825800000 CMS - WordpRess Theme - Avada Hosting - Siteground Cache Modules - WP Rocket (Licensed) & SG Cache Other Installed Modules - - Advanced noCaptcha & invisible Captcha - All 404 Redirect to Homepage - Classic Editor - Elfsight Yottie - Fusion Builder - Fusion Core - Jetpack by [login to view URL] - Share Buttons by AddThis - WPML Multilingual CMS
...monitors facing the athletes. - If possible, ability to enter custom names for each platform to allow entry of athlete names - Either run as a web app or downloadable programme, ability to run fullscreen Does not need to be 6 platforms like the attached images, 3 is enough. Nice to have ability to enter the athlete's name if possible Web based would make
View video below for the changes and explanation: Demo: [login to view URL] and Demo Details Page: [login to view URL] Our Site: [login to view URL] Our Details Page: [login to view URL] Video Explanation: https://drive
we need to update our company profile, it's a priority for us and we do not have the luxury of time so we would like to deal with a creative, detailed and fast worker designer.
Hello...(copywriter, preferably american) who can create a great, eye-catching and self-selling career-oriented Linkedin Profile. I have my own personal LinkedIn profile but I want to apply for great positions, but I want to make sure I have a great LinkedIn profile that recruiters would really like to get in touch with me since I got their attention.
Hi Dmytro. we already discussed on my new requirements on https://www.freelancer.com/projects/website-design/Design-User-Portal-pag...already discussed on my new requirements on https://www.freelancer.com/projects/website-design/Design-User-Portal-pages-using-19120565. - Complete signin/signup * google captcha * email verification * reset password
1. Download data from URLs 2. Extract the csv file from Zip 3. Consolidate all the data from multiple csv files in one sheet 4. able to sort or filter data based on multiple criteria (similar to a pivot table or anything that can provide this ability)
Hello I would like to hire a person to fix my mobile view with Wix. I would also like to have somebody look at the site and give me suggestions to make the site work and flow better. I hired a preferred Wix expert and he did not know how to work on the mobile portion, so please dont reach out or call me unless you are able to do the mobile version of
This is a 1-2 hr project. I will share an excel sheet with you, you need to see the company, find its official website and paste it into sheet. Like this: [login to view URL]
...process - collect 2 k Instagram profile makeup artist with followers more than 10K How to scrape 2 k profiles, example, [login to view URL] go the link, click drop and down option next to follow in the profile here you will see Suggested all other similar profiles so per profile you can scrape 70 profile from 20 to 30 profiles same way
...application it consists of three main parts as follow : First part control screen: In this part user can add hospital name & logo to appear in application screens also can enter all master files and define appointments and integrate application with hospital main application using API Second part patient interface: In this part patient can make registration
I need a React native app for android. This is the scenario in brief, supervisor has a login when he or logged into the app he is able to create jobs (must be able to enter job name , starting time, location , special instructions for the job and must be able to upload photos of the site). After that he must be able to create team members with member
We are Hiring Freelance to Prepare High End International Level Company Profile. Contact Us: Tejswini Patil [Removed by Freelancer.com Admin]
Hi, Attached are the three files - codebook, rm questionnaire results, and rm questionnaire. Please take the results from the "rm questionnaire results" pdf and input them into SPSS using the codebook. Deliverable is a SPSS file with all the data inputted properly. SPSS software is [login to view URL]
...Chat option on every Adv, green if available, red if not available. Live chat option on Home Page for Admins. 10. Send message with attachment (size limited by Admin) and a captcha check (1+2=3) on every Adv sending message window. 11. If more than one Adv in a client account only default Adv visible on map, others only searchable by title words or
I need to make Coffeeshop profile. Introducing the description of the company and all details.
I would like to have a quick and simple database built where I can enter data into it, and it will be stored, and then I would have some soft or easy way to access this data and create reports on it. I need someone to help me put this together. Let me know what you can do for me here and how much this project might cost. Thanks. Best, Josh
Looking for a laravel php developer to make profile building functionality similar to [login to view URL] Low budget
I use [login to view URL] and am trying to connect it with Wordpress. It worked fine the a few days. Now it is redirecting me to the page attached. I cannot enter Wordpress admin anymore!
Until recently, each item in the museum has a very detailed description. For example every item on this page: [login to view URL] when you click on an item, it only comes up with an overall description. What is missing from each item is the detailed description with measurements, weights etc. which you can see in the backend. I suspect the issue comes from php version update.
We have a few surveillance cameras. We need an app which will be able: 1. To watch RTSP stream from our cameras. 2. To set a point on Earth map and a distance from this point. When device (Android or iOS) approachs to the point closer then distance set, short triggering data must be sent to our web-based database (camera will be marked as switched - off). 3. To send info about manual turn-off/of ...
Until recently, each item in the museum has a very detailed description. For example every item on this page: [login to view URL] when you click on an item, it only comes up with an overall description. What is missing from each item is the detailed description with measurements, weights etc. which you can see in the backend. I suspect the issue comes from php version update.
...all ages. I need to use voice commands and lip reading (of course, it does not exclude writing). Instead of traditional windows, the user must enter a universe of "interactive worlds". These worlds are the Profile, the public social world, a world of telephony, electronic mail, a world of purchase and exchange, etc. In short, it must condense the services
Dear Community, I have a challenging vision to get a revised LinkedIn Profile, which is already very advanced. Please approach me if you have good design skills able to craft an individualized professional background wallpaper based on facilitation skills. The project will be assigned once you share Linkedin Profiles you successfully updated also
...etc. each category has a title and description) 1.1.1. Page 3 Fill Form and Enter Password and Submit 22.214.171.124. Page 4 – Confirmation with system generated USER ID 2. Page 1 - Home page – Select Existing Report Follow-up 2.1. Page 5 - Login 2.1.1. Page 6 - Report View Page 184.108.40.206. Options for Add more info 22.214.171.124. Answer any question posted
I need a expert researcher to research web and collect some data and enter in excel accordingly. Need you to collect Website, phone, Email. ***** A sample sheet is enclosed - Bid only if you do the sample attached to review and select the best freelancer. *** There will be 500such records. Want it in 2-3 days max. and can give $15.
...etc. each category has a title and description) 1.1.1. Page 3 Fill Form and Enter Password and Submit 18.104.22.168. Page 4 – Confirmation with system generated USER ID 2. Page 1 - Home page – Select Existing Report Follow-up 2.1. Page 5 - Login 2.1.1. Page 6 - Report View Page 18.104.22.168. Options for Add more info 188.8.131.52. Answer any question posted
I am bidding a french school board- service centre recruitment project. I am looking for one experienced French writer, to view the 4 pdf files, translate business plan, fill columns and fine-tune everything in French. we are talking about 10,000 French wordings. Please sign the non-disclosure agreement attached.
we are a real estate construction and interior design firm. Looking forward for a compelling company profile. Architecture knowledge preferred
We are building a new building and would like the 3D design of the building we were provided to be "photoshopped" into a street view for our future clients. We would also like to have the black and white 3D building rendering be given more color/detail, if possible. Maybe some landscaping (fake trees, people, etc.). Address is 725 East 19th Avenue,
...process for this is taking too much time for the 100s of driving directions that I need. The manual process is: - In Google Maps, find a business location - Select Direction - Enter coordinates - Under the 3 vertical bars in the top left to access the drop-down mean and select Share or Embed Map - Under Send a Link, Copy Link Again, I need to provide 50-100
Our company profile was done 3 years ago, now we need to update and revamp it to better translate our current activities.
Small database results displayed via dashboard in jquery application. I need user to enter their email password name and 5 attachments which would go to database and will be displayed in small dashboard when they enter these credentials


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En Passant Limited Edition, 3.4 oz./ 100 mL
Top notes: streamlined lilac; cucumber Base notes: white musk; cedar
"Something blue" isn't limited to just your wedding day! Add these blue kitchen gadgets to your registry must-haves and you'll be whipping up delicious meals in style.
With everything else on your wedding to-do list, we know your time is limited when it comes to deciding on a perfect wedding invitation. To help you out, we've rounded up our favorite watercolor wedding invitations that are sure to impress! Take a look at these watercolor designs and get some inspo for your spring wedding.
Capture the beauty of the season by outfitting your wedding party in green and gold accessories that look timeless and stylish for your memorable fall wedding.
Get glam on your big day with these makeup products that will give you a soft, beautiful glow.
If you're serious about getting flawless skin for your wedding day (and who isn't?), the latest reports on vitamin C in skin care products will make you a true believer. This ingredient isn't just hype; dermatologists have written about it glowingly in medical literature and are stocking their shelves with vitamin C-infused products, too. So we studied the science and found the 15 best vitamin C serums and beauty products to benefit your face.
Dr. Ellen Marmur, a Manhattan dermatologist and founder of Marmur Metamorphosis Skincare, explains the properties that make vitamin C a windfall for skin. "Vitamin C is an essential component in the body's production of collagen and a potent antioxidant that can help rejuvenate aged and photodamaged skin," Marmur says. "Ascorbic acid is one of the many beneficial forms of vitamin C that helps to brighten and even out skin tone."
No pre-wedding brightening regimen will be complete without one or more of these superstar products, many of which contain the antioxidant ferulic acid and can be found at favorite retailers like Amazon, Sephora and Walmart.
More Great Finds
The winners of InStyle's Best Beauty Buys are voted on by a panel of industry pros. These are the best foundation and cover-up products of 2019.
Here's your chance to purchase one of the limited-edition items from Lilly Pulitzer's new Guac Out collection.
Warm it up! To get a truly fog-free reflection with your Shave Well mirror, hold it under the shower stream for a few seconds to "...warm it up" right before you shave. What is fog and why does it happen?Fog is simply condensation. Shower water is much warmer than the air temperature of most homes. Your warm shower heats the air and it becomes saturated. This warm moist air becomes fog or condensation which collects on all cooler surfaces - like mirrors.In the few seconds you hold your mirror under the shower spray the temperature of the moist air and the mirror equalize to create a long lasting, truly fog free image for the duration of your shower. No more temperature difference - no more fog.Suction cups don't suck!The Shave Well adhesive hook will stick long after a suction cup would lose its suck.As Goldilocks said it's just right. The Deluxe Shave Well Mirror measures 6.83" tall, 5.25" wide and is 1/8" thick. The base of the adhesive hook (the part that sticks to the wall) is 1" x 1 1/2"The best part of the Shave Well storyYour Shave Well mirror was assembled at Sunshine Industries, a vocational training facility in Knoxville, Tennessee for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. A smile is worth a thousand words when you see participants learn, grow and obtain new levels of confidence and personal satisfaction for a paid job well done. So while you enjoy that crystal clear reflection from your Shave Well mirror, give yourself a smile as you are helping make it possible for individuals with disabilities to work in a safe, encouraging and fulfilling environment. read more
Freestanding Bath Magnifying Makeup Mirror:The base has a rippled, tiered effect that adds a little touch of extra decorationThe m...irror is constructed of steel and features a chrome finishIt has 5X/1X magnificationThe freestanding makeup mirror can be moved from room to room for added convenienceSwivel head allows for easy viewing at any angleMirror is 7.5" diameter read more
WQO1000FeaturesSimply hold Shave Well under the shower stream for a few seconds. Fog is eliminated.The temperature of the moist ai...r and the mirror surface will equalize to create a long lasting, truly fog fee image for the duration of your showerSince it is removable from the wall...it's easy to clean!The adhesive hook affixes to any shower surface holding Shave Well mirror solidly in placeFrame Shape: RectangleStyle: ContemporaryFog Free Mirror: YesMirror Type: Bathroom / Vanity mirrorFrameless: YesNumber of Items Included: 2Commercial Use: YesHooks Included: YesHanging Orientation: VerticalSpecificationsADA Compliant: YesDimensionsOverall Height - Top to Bottom: 6 InchesOverall Width - Side to Side: 4 InchesOverall Depth - Front to Back: 0.13 InchesOverall Product Weight: 0.25 Pounds read more
Freestanding Bath Magnifying Makeup Mirror:The mirror is constructed of steel and features a chrome finishIt has 5X/1X magnificati...onThe freestanding makeup mirror can be moved from room to room for added convenienceSwivel head allows for easy viewing at any angleMirror is 7.5" diameter read more
Top notes: Bitter orange (bigarade); cardamom; pink pepper Base notes: Cedar
Top notes: grapefruit; violet Middle notes: rose; iris; raspberry Base notes: vanilla; white musk
Top notes: rose; violet; ylang-ylang Middle note: Iris Base notes: sandalwood; musk; tonka bean
Top notes: bergamot; mandarin; lavender Middle notes: amber; vanilla; musk Base notes: sandalwood; musk
Frederic Malle En Passant Perfume, 3.4 oz./ 100 mL Details How to Use: Frdric Malle believes people should spray perfume where the...y wish to do so. Some people wear them on their neck or under their wrist, while others prefer to splash or spray fragrances on their chest. Layering across scents is not recommended as our perfumes are each an olfactive work of art, crafted to stand alone and apart. About the Perfume: A simple note, white lilac, seized in a short instant, at the cusp of springtime. read more
AERIN Limited Edition Gardenia Rattan Eau de Parfum, 3.4 oz./ 100 mL Details"Gardenia Rattan is the perfect Summer day - warm sun,... beautiful sea and fresh flowers." Aerin Gardenia Rattan captures the spirit of Summer. Like a breath of sea spray, sparkling Wet Marine Notes envelop the senses while a gentle blend of white flowers including Gardenia, Tuberose and Tiare Tahiti exude lush femininity. Amber adds rich texture, like the last warming rays of the perfect Summer day. 3.4 fl. oz./ 100 mL read more
AERIN Limited Edition Ikat Jasmine Eau de Parfum, 3.4 oz./ 100 mL Details"Ikat Jasmine personifies a modern woman - effortless sty...le and intriguing femininity." Aerin The impeccable pairing of Jasmine Sambac and Jasmine Egypt Infusion is enhanced with exotic Tuberose Fleur in a fragrance rich with velvety body and soft freshness. 3.4 fl. oz./ 100 mL read more
An argan oil-infused hair styler that can be used for conditioning, styling, and finishing, in a limited-edition bottle with Swaro...vski crystals. Key benefits:- Detangles, speeds up blow-drying time, and boosts shine - Improves manageability and controls frizz and flyaways - Infused with antioxidant-rich argan oil and vitamin-rich linseed (flax) seed extract to help strengthen If you want to know more…To celebrate 10 years of oil-infused innovation, Moroccanoil is reimagining the classic Moroccanoil Treatment in a handmade bottle embellished with Swarovski crystals. This pioneering product detangles, speeds up drying time, and boosts shine. Featuring the iconic Moroccanoil fragrance, Moroccanoil Treatment is non-greasy and fast-absorbing, and it improves your hair's manageability and creates a softer texture. It is formulated Without: - Parabens- Phthalates This product is mineral oil-free. read more
AERIN Limited Edition Lilac Path Eau de Parfum, 3.4 oz./ 100 mL Details'lilac Path captures the spirit of Spring and makes it last...." Aerin Lilac Path weaves a delicate story of crisp greens, rich blooms and delicate petals. Evocative Lilac infuses the scent with inviting depth, heightened by lush fragrant Galbanum. Creamy Jasmine Lactones blend with soft Angelica Seed Oil and Orange Flower. 3.4 fl. oz./ 100 mL read more
Top notes: water fruits (melon) + vegetal notes; tuberose (fresh aspect) Base notes: tuberose (milky aspect); musk
AERIN Limited Edition Iris Meadow Eau de Parfum, 3.4 oz./ 100 mL Details'like walking through an open field wild with flowers, Iri...s Meadow beckons with crisp green notes infused with lush florals and deepened by warm, energizing woods." Aerin Effervescent Mandarin and vibrant Blackcurrant blend with fresh florals. Iris, emboldened by Egyptian Jasmine, balances the scent with vibrant depth while Cedarwood melts into creamy, woody musks. 3.4 fl. oz./ 100 mL read more
AERIN Limited Edition Waterlilly Sun Eau de Parfum, 3.4 oz./ 100 mL Details"Waterlilly Sun reflects the, tranquility of a peaceful... placequiet, warm with sunshine, and filled with beautiful greens." Aerin Like sunlight reflecting on water, bright Sicilian Bergamot and Lush Dewy Greens entice the senses for an invigorating, luminous first impression. Delicate, yet alluring Waterlilly and softly exotic Jasmine Sambac add layers of depth and intensity, warmed by sweetly inviting Musk. The effect. read more
Top Notes: Fig Leaves and Rose Heart Notes: Fig Wood and Almond Base Notes: Tonka Beans and Sandalwood
Top note: rose Middle notes: blackcurrant; raspberry; clove Base notes: patchouli; sandalwood; frankincense
Frederic Malle Outrageous, 3.4 oz./ 100 mL Details About the Perfume: The idea for Outrageous poured out of a Caipirinha cocktail ...in Brazil: samba on the beach, bursts of orange and blue in low light, crashing waves and the ecstatic laughs of the young and sexy. Outrageous is an explosion of bergamot, tangerine and green apple against a lusty backdrop of cinnamon, musk and ambroxan. It's dramatic, festive and colorful, what Frdric likes to call "clean sex appeal." 100 mL / 3.4 fl. oz. About t. read more
Mojo Magique Seer, 3.4 oz./ 100 mL DetailsSeer's mysterious green opening, redolent of pine needles, herbs, gives way to rich wood...s, leather and the delicate sweet opulence of a blooming Osmanthus flower, part tea motes, part apricot. And it dries down into a heady elixir wrapped with a soft ribbon of saffron. 100 mL / 3.4 fl. oz. read more
Top Notes: Coriander, Carrot Seed, Saffron and Turkish Rose Middle Notes: Rose Absolute, Hedione, Floral Accord and Beeswax Base N...otes: Benzoin, Vanilla, Cistus Labdanum, Agarwood, Patchouli Heart, Musks and Amber read more
Roja Parfums Nwa Parfum, 3.4 oz./ 100 mL Details"The Elixir Of Gods". Warm, Dry, Spicy, Leathery, & Sensual. "Inspired by the lege...nd of Nwa, the gentle and kindly Chinese goddess, who is said to have created woman and man; and according to the myth she taught her people to be creative and wise, introduced beauty through music, song and dance, and filled the field flowers with fragrance. This tender liquid narrative will seduce the soul". Roja Dove 3.4 oz./ 100 mL Designer About Roja Parfums: . read more
Top: Peach, Plum Heart: Violet, Peony Base: Patchouli, Leather, Vanilla
Murdock London Vetiver Cologne, 3.4 oz./ 100 mL Details Earthy. Refreshing. Grounded. What it Is: Vetiver is the rugged adventurer.... The perfect partner for the Great Outdoors: Himalayan peaks, Californian road trips, the streets of the global metropolis. Murdock Vetiver is distinctive, clean and no-nonsense, with an appealing zesty edge. Sound familiar? How it Works: It suggests a reassuring masculinity. Strong, solid, clear. Citrus sharpness tempered by woody base notes. 3.4 oz./ 100 mL read more
Dior Dior Homme, 3.4 oz./ 100 mL Details A high-end, elegant, masculine fragrancea new classic. Loyal to the spirit of the brand, ...Dior Homme blends tradition and modernity. A powdery fragrance built on the iris with aromatic and woody undertones. 3.4 oz./ 100 mLDesigner About Dior: The storied House of Dior traces its roots to 1947, when Christian Dior debuted his first collection to world acclaim. Dubbed the New Look, it established a ravishing new aesthetic that continues to influence fashi. read more
Top notes: pink grapefruit, pink pepper, peach juice accord. Heart notes: rose water, Bulgarian rose, petalia. Base notes: suede a...ccord, white cedar wood, sandalwood. read more


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Chevrolet Tahoe LTZ
Discerning drivers will appreciate the 2010 Chevrolet Tahoe. It features an automatic transmission, rear-wheel drive, and a powerful 8 cylinder engine. All of the following features are included: variably intermittent wipers, power front seats, a built-in garage door transmitter, a power liftgate, a trailer hitch, a roof rack, and power windows. Features such as automatic climate control and leather upholstery prove that economical transportation does not need to be sparsely equipped. Power adjustable pedals allow the driver to optimize his or her driving position, enhancing visibility, comfort and safety. Back seat passengers will appreciate the rear audio controls, allowing them to make easy adjustments to the stereo system. Rear passengers enjoy the seat heating functionality, keeping them warm during the winter months. Third row seats provide an even greater maximum passenger capacity. Premium sound drives 10 speakers, providing you and your passengers a sensational audio experience. Chevrolet also prioritized safety and security with features such as: head curtain airbags, front side impact airbags, traction control, a panic alarm, onStar, and 4 wheel disc brakes with ABS. Safety and maximum capability are assured via self leveling rear suspension, which maintains optimal driving geometry. Our sales reps are knowledgeable and professional. We'd be happy to answer any questions that you may have. Stop by our dealership or give us a call for more information.


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THE BURLINGTON FREE PRESS / SEARCH: Lot 2 Lake Street Panton, VT 05491
- $595,000 price
- 4466572 mls id
- Lot Size: 27 acres
- Status: Pending
Amazing Lakefront lot with over 700 feet of water frontage. Open pasture surrounded by woodland on all sides make this lot one of the most private pieces of land along the shores of Lake Champlain. Town water on site. 5 bedroom septic design and roughed in road. Ready for you to build your dream home. Enjoy the lake year round, with snow shoeing, cross country skiing and ice skating right from your property! Recreation meets privacy at this destination location!
- Site Link
- Property SubType Other
Courtesy of: IPJ Real Estate
Listing Agent: Courtney Houston DeBisschop
Updated: 24th April, 2019 6:17 PM.
Lot 2 Lake Street Panton, VT
Real Estate | The Burlington Free Press Powered by Placester