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Nootropics. You might have heard of them. The "limitless pill" that keeps Billionaires rich. The 'smart drugs' that students are taking to help boost their hyperfocus. The cognitive enhancers that give corporate executives an advantage. All very exciting. But as always, the media are way behind the curve. Yes, for the past few decades, cognitive enhancers were largely sketchy substances that people used to grasp at a short term edge at the expense of their health and well being. But the days of taking prescription pills to pull an all-nighter are so 2010. The better, safer path isn't with these stimulants but with nootropics. Nootropics consist of dietary supplements and substances which enhance your cognition, in particular when it comes to motivation, creativity, memory, and other executive functions. They play an important role in supporting memory and promoting optimal brain function.
Pharmaceutical, substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease and for restoring, correcting, or modifying organic functions. (See also pharmaceutical industry.) Records of medicinal plants and minerals date to ancient Chinese, Hindu, and Mediterranean civilizations. Ancient Greek physicians such as Galen used a variety of drugs in their profession.…
This world is a competitive place. If you're not seeking an advantage, you'll get passed by those who do. Whether you're studying for a final exam or trying to secure a big business deal, you need a definitive mental edge. Are smart drugs and brain-boosting pills the answer for cognitive enhancement in 2019? If you're not cheating, you're not trying, right? Bad advice for some scenarios, but there is a grain of truth to every saying—even this one.
This looks interesting: the Noopept effect is positive for all the dose levels, but it looks like a U-curve - low at 10mg, high at 15mg, lower at 20mg, and even lower at 30mg 48mg and 60mg aren't estimated because they are hit by the missingness problem: the magnesium citrate variable is unavailable for the days the higher doses were taken on, and so their days are omitted and those levels of the factor are not estimated. One way to fix this is to drop magnesium from the model entirely, at the cost of fitting the data much more poorly and losing a lot of R2:
The infinite promise of stacking is why, whatever weight you attribute to the evidence of their efficacy, nootropics will never go away: With millions of potential iterations of brain-enhancing regimens out there, there is always the tantalizing possibility that seekers haven't found the elusive optimal combination of pills and powders for them—yet. Each "failure" is but another step in the process-of-elimination journey to biological self-actualization, which may be just a few hundred dollars and a few more weeks of amateur alchemy away.
No. There are mission essential jobs that require you to live on base sometimes. Or a first term person that is required to live on base. Or if you have proven to not be as responsible with rent off base as you should be so your commander requires you to live on base. Or you're at an installation that requires you to live on base during your stay. Or the only affordable housing off base puts you an hour away from where you work. It isn't simple. The fact that you think it is tells me you are one of the "dumb@$$es" you are referring to above.
Probably most significantly, use of the term "drug" has a significant negative connotation in our culture. "Drugs" are bad: So proclaimed Richard Nixon in the War on Drugs, and Nancy "No to Drugs" Reagan decades later, and other leaders continuing to present day. The legitimate demonization of the worst forms of recreational drugs has resulted in a general bias against the elective use of any chemical to alter the body's processes. Drug enhancement of athletes is considered cheating – despite the fact that many of these physiological shortcuts obviously work. University students and professionals seeking mental enhancements by taking smart drugs are now facing similar scrutiny.
Noopept is a Russian stimulant sometimes suggested for nootropics use as it may be more effective than piracetam or other -racetams, and its smaller doses make it more convenient & possibly safer. Following up on a pilot study, I ran a well-powered blind randomized self-experiment between September 2013 and August 2014 using doses of 12-60mg Noopept & pairs of 3-day blocks to investigate the impact of Noopept on self-ratings of daily functioning in addition to my existing supplementation regimen involving small-to-moderate doses of piracetam. A linear regression, which included other concurrent experiments as covariates & used multiple imputation for missing data, indicates a small benefit to the lower dose levels and harm from the highest 60mg dose level, but no dose nor Noopept as a whole was statistically-significant. It seems Noopept's effects are too subtle to easily notice if they exist, but if one uses it, one should probably avoid 60mg+.
Up to 20% of Ivy League college students have already tried "smart drugs," so we can expect these pills to feature prominently in organizations (if they don't already). After all, the pressure to perform is unlikely to disappear the moment students graduate. And senior employees with demanding jobs might find these drugs even more useful than a 19-year-old college kid does. Indeed, a 2012 Royal Society report emphasized that these "enhancements," along with other technologies for self-enhancement, are likely to have far-reaching implications for the business world.
The soft gels are very small; one needs to be a bit careful - Vitamin D is fat-soluble and overdose starts in the range of 70,000 IU35, so it would take at least 14 pills, and it's unclear where problems start with chronic use. Vitamin D, like many supplements, follows a U-shaped response curve (see also Melamed et al 2008 and Durup et al 2012) - too much can be quite as bad as too little. Too little, though, is likely very bad. The previously cited studies with high acute doses worked out to <1,000 IU a day, so they may reassure us about the risks of a large acute dose but not tell us much about smaller chronic doses; the mortality increases due to too-high blood levels begin at ~140nmol/l and reading anecdotes online suggest that 5k IU daily doses tend to put people well below that (around 70-100nmol/l). I probably should get a blood test to be sure, but I have something of a needle phobia.
"Where can you draw the line between Red Bull, six cups of coffee and a prescription drug that keeps you more alert," says Michael Schrage of the MIT Center for Digital Business, who has studied the phenomenon. "You can't draw the line meaningfully - some organizations have cultures where it is expected that employees go the extra mile to finish an all-nighter. "
In terms of legal status, Adrafinil is legal in the United States but is unregulated. You need to purchase this supplement online, as it is not a prescription drug at this time. Modafinil on the other hand, is heavily regulated throughout the United States. It is being used as a narcolepsy drug, but isn't available over the counter. You will need to obtain a prescription from your doctor, which is why many turn to Adrafinil use instead.
With just 16 predictions, I can't simply bin the predictions and say yep, that looks good. Instead, we can treat each prediction as equivalent to a bet and see what my winnings (or losses) were; the standard such proper scoring rule is the logarithmic rule which pretty simple: you earn the logarithm of the probability if you were right, and the logarithm of the negation if you were wrong; he who racks up the fewest negative points wins. We feed in a list and get back a number:
White, Becker-Blease, & Grace-Bishop (2006) 2002 Large university undergraduates and graduates (N = 1,025) 16.2% (lifetime) 68.9%: improve attention; 65.2:% partying; 54.3%: improve study habits; 20%: improve grades; 9.1%: reduce hyperactivity 15.5%: 2–3 times per week; 33.9%: 2–3 times per month; 50.6%: 2–3 times per year 58%: easy or somewhat easy to obtain; write-in comments indicated many obtaining stimulants from friends with prescriptions
Interesting. On days ranked 2 (below-average mood/productivity), nicotine seems to have boosted scores; on days ranked 3, nicotine hurts scores; there aren't enough 4's to tell, but even '5 days seem to see a boost from nicotine, which is not predicted by the theory. But I don't think much of a conclusion can be drawn: not enough data to make out any simple relationship. Some modeling suggests no relationship in this data either (although also no difference in standard deviations, leading me to wonder if I screwed up the data recording - not all of the DNB scores seem to match the input data in the previous analysis). So although the 2 days in the graph are striking, the theory may not be right.
However, normally when you hear the term nootropic kicked around, people really mean a "cognitive enhancer" — something that does benefit thinking in some way (improved memory, faster speed-of-processing, increased concentration, or a combination of these, etc.), but might not meet the more rigorous definition above. "Smart drugs" is another largely-interchangeable term.
The search to find more effective drugs to increase mental ability and intelligence capacity with neither toxicity nor serious side effects continues. But there are limitations. Although the ingredients may be separately known to have cognition-enhancing effects, randomized controlled trials of the combined effects of cognitive enhancement compounds are sparse.
It is known that American college students have embraced cognitive enhancement, and some information exists about the demographics of the students most likely to practice cognitive enhancement with prescription stimulants. Outside of this narrow segment of the population, very little is known. What happens when students graduate and enter the world of work? Do they continue using prescription stimulants for cognitive enhancement in their first jobs and beyond? How might the answer to this question depend on occupation? For those who stay on campus to pursue graduate or professional education, what happens to patterns of use? To what extent do college graduates who did not use stimulants as students begin to use them for cognitive enhancement later in their careers? To what extent do workers without college degrees use stimulants to enhance job performance? How do the answers to these questions differ for countries outside of North America, where the studies of Table 1 were carried out?
But, thanks to the efforts of a number of remarkable scientists, researchers and plain-old neurohackers, we are beginning to put together a "whole systems" model of how all the different parts of the human brain work together and how they mesh with the complex regulatory structures of the body. It's going to take a lot more data and collaboration to dial this model in, but already we are empowered to design stacks that can meaningfully deliver on the promise of nootropics "to enhance the quality of subjective experience and promote cognitive health, while having extremely low toxicity and possessing very few side effects." It's a type of brain hacking that is intended to produce noticeable cognitive benefits.
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The chemicals he takes, dubbed nootropics from the Greek "noos" for "mind", are intended to safely improve cognitive functioning. They must not be harmful, have significant side-effects or be addictive. That means well-known "smart drugs" such as the prescription-only stimulants Adderall and Ritalin, popular with swotting university students, are out. What's left under the nootropic umbrella is a dizzying array of over-the-counter supplements, prescription drugs and unclassified research chemicals, some of which are being trialled in older people with fading cognition.
My first time was relatively short: 10 minutes around the F3/F4 points, with another 5 minutes to the forehead. Awkward holding it up against one's head, and I see why people talk of LED helmets, it's boring waiting. No initial impressions except maybe feeling a bit mentally cloudy, but that goes away within 20 minutes of finishing when I took a nap outside in the sunlight. Lostfalco says Expectations: You will be tired after the first time for 2 to 24 hours. It's perfectly normal., but I'm not sure - my dog woke me up very early and disturbed my sleep, so maybe that's why I felt suddenly tired. On the second day, I escalated to 30 minutes on the forehead, and tried an hour on my finger joints. No particular observations except less tiredness than before and perhaps less joint ache. Third day: skipped forehead stimulation, exclusively knee & ankle. Fourth day: forehead at various spots for 30 minutes; tiredness 5/6/7/8th day (11/12/13/4): skipped. Ninth: forehead, 20 minutes. No noticeable effects.
Took full pill at 10:21 PM when I started feeling a bit tired. Around 11:30, I noticed my head feeling fuzzy but my reading seemed to still be up to snuff. I would eventually finish the science book around 9 AM the next day, taking some very long breaks to walk the dog, write some poems, write a program, do Mnemosyne review (memory performance: subjectively below average, but not as bad as I would have expected from staying up all night), and some other things. Around 4 AM, I reflected that I felt much as I had during my nightwatch job at the same hour of the day - except I had switched sleep schedules for the job. The tiredness continued to build and my willpower weakened so the morning wasn't as productive as it could have been - but my actual performance when I could be bothered was still pretty normal. That struck me as kind of interesting that I can feel very tired and not act tired, in line with the anecdotes.
I took the first pill at 12:48 pm. 1:18, still nothing really - head is a little foggy if anything. later noticed a steady sort of mental energy lasting for hours (got a good deal of reading and programming done) until my midnight walk, when I still felt alert, and had trouble sleeping. (Zeo reported a ZQ of 100, but a full 18 minutes awake, 2 or 3 times the usual amount.)
Noopept is a nootropic that belongs to the ampakine family. It is known for promoting learning, boosting mood, and improving logical thinking. It has been popular as a study drug for a long time but has recently become a popular supplement for improving vision. Users report seeing colors more brightly and feeling as if their vision is more vivid after taking noopept.
This mental stimulation is what increases focus and attention span in the user. The FDA permitted treatments for Modafinil include extreme sleepiness and shift work disorder. It can also get prescribed for narcolepsy, and obstructive sleep apnea. Modafinil is not FDA approved for the treatment of ADHD. Yet, many medical professionals feel it is a suitable Adderall alternative.
Those who have taken them swear they do work – though not in the way you might think. Back in 2015, a review of the evidence found that their impact on intelligence is "modest". But most people don't take them to improve their mental abilities. Instead, they take them to improve their mental energy and motivation to work. (Both drugs also come with serious risks and side effects – more on those later).
The evidence? Although everyone can benefit from dietary sources of essential fatty acids, supplementation is especially recommended for people with heart disease. A small study published in 2013 found that DHA may enhance memory and reaction time in healthy young adults. However, a more recent review suggested that there is not enough evidence of any effect from omega 3 supplementation in the general population.
As expected since most of the data overlaps with the previous LLLT analysis, the LLLT variable correlates strongly; the individual magnesium variables may look a little more questionable but were justified in the magnesium citrate analysis. The Noopept result looks a little surprising - almost zero effect? Let's split by dose (which was the point of the whole rigmarole of changing dose levels):
Nootrobox co-founder Geoffrey Woo declines a caffeinated drink in favour of a capsule of his newest product when I meet him in a San Francisco coffee shop. The entire industry has a "wild west" aura about it, he tells me, and Nootrobox wants to fix it by pushing for "smarter regulation" so safe and effective drugs that are currently unclassified can be brought into the fold. Predictably, both companies stress the higher goal of pushing forward human cognition. "I am trying to make a smarter, better populace to solve all the problems we have created," says Nootroo founder Eric Matzner.
The power calculation indicates a 20% chance of getting useful information. My quasi-experiment has <70% chance of being right, and I preserve a general skepticism about any experiment, even one as well done as the medical student one seems to be, and give that one a <80% chance of being right; so let's call it 70% the effect exists, or 30% it doesn't exist (which is the case in which I save money by dropping fish oil for 10 years).
Another popular option is nicotine. Scientists are increasingly realising that this drug is a powerful nootropic, with the ability to improve a person's memory and help them to focus on certain tasks – though it also comes with well-documented obvious risks and side effects. "There are some very famous neuroscientists who chew Nicorette in order to enhance their cognitive functioning. But they used to smoke and that's their substitute," says Huberman.
Although piracetam has a history of "relatively few side effects," it has fallen far short of its initial promise for treating any of the illnesses associated with cognitive decline, according to Lon Schneider, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California. "We don't use it at all and never have."
"Who doesn't want to maximize their cognitive ability? Who doesn't want to maximize their muscle mass?" asks Murali Doraiswamy, who has led several trials of cognitive enhancers at Duke University Health System and has been an adviser to pharmaceutical and supplement manufacturers as well as the Food and Drug Administration. He attributes the demand to an increasingly knowledge-based society that values mental quickness and agility above all else.
Disclaimer: None of the statements made on this website have been reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration. The products and supplements mentioned on this site are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, alleviate or prevent any diseases. All articles on this website are the opinions of their respective authors who do not claim or profess to be medical professionals providing medical advice. This website is strictly for the purpose of providing opinions of the author. You should consult with your doctor or another qualified health care professional before you start taking any dietary supplements or engage in mental health programs. Any and all trademarks, logos brand names and service marks displayed on this website are the registered or unregistered Trademarks of their respective owners.
These are some of the best Nootropics for focus and other benefits that they bring with them. They might intrigue you in trying out any of these Nootropics to boost your brain's power. However, you need to do your research before choosing the right Nootropic. One way of doing so is by consulting a doctor to know the best Nootropic for you. Another way to go about selecting a Nootropic supplement is choosing the one with clinically tested natural Nootropic substances. There are many sources where you can find the right kind of Nootropics for your needs, and one of them is AlternaScript.
COGNITUNE is for informational purposes only, and should not be considered medical advice, diagnosis or treatment recommendations. Always consult with your doctor or primary care physician before using any nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, or prescription medications. Seeking a proper diagnosis from a certified medical professional is vital for your health.
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The chemical Huperzine-A (Examine.com) is extracted from a moss. It is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (instead of forcing out more acetylcholine like the -racetams, it prevents acetylcholine from breaking down). My experience report: One for the null hypothesis files - Huperzine-A did nothing for me. Unlike piracetam or fish oil, after a full bottle (Source Naturals, 120 pills at 200μg each), I noticed no side-effects, no mental improvements of any kind, and no changes in DNB scores from straight Huperzine-A.
As opposed to what it might lead you to believe, Ginkgo Smart is not simply a Ginkgo Biloba supplement. In all actuality, it's much more than that – a nootropic (Well duh, we wouldn't be reviewing it otherwise). Ginkgo Smart has actually been seeing quite some popularity lately, possibly riding on the popularity of Ginkgo Biloba as a supplement, which has been storming through the US lately, and becoming one of the highest selling supplement in the US. We were pleasantly pleased at the fact that it wasn't too hard to find Ginkgo Smart's ingredients… Learn More...
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that gastrointestinal diseases affect between 60 and 70 million Americans every year. This translates into tens of millions of endoscopy procedures. Millions of colonoscopy procedures are also performed to diagnose or screen for colorectal cancers. Conventional, rigid scopes used for these procedures are uncomfortable for patients and may cause internal bruising or lead to infection because of reuse on different patients. Smart pills eliminate the need for invasive procedures: wireless communication allows the transmission of real-time information; advances in batteries and on-board memory make them useful for long-term sensing from within the body. The key application areas of smart pills are discussed below.
I take my piracetam in the form of capped pills consisting (in descending order) of piracetam, choline bitartrate, anhydrous caffeine, and l-tyrosine. On 8 December 2012, I happened to run out of them and couldn't fetch more from my stock until 27 December. This forms a sort of (non-randomized, non-blind) short natural experiment: did my daily 1-5 mood/productivity ratings fall during 8-27 December compared to November 2012 & January 2013? The graphed data28 suggests to me a decline:
Alpha Lipoic Acid is a vitamin-like chemical filled with antioxidant properties, that naturally occur in broccoli, spinach, yeast, kidney, liver, and potatoes. The compound is generally prescribed to patients suffering from nerve-related symptoms of diabetes because it helps in preventing damage to the nerve cells and improves the functioning of neurons. It can be termed as one of the best memory boosting supplements.
White, Becker-Blease, & Grace-Bishop (2006) 2002 Large university undergraduates and graduates (N = 1,025) 16.2% (lifetime) 68.9%: improve attention; 65.2:% partying; 54.3%: improve study habits; 20%: improve grades; 9.1%: reduce hyperactivity 15.5%: 2–3 times per week; 33.9%: 2–3 times per month; 50.6%: 2–3 times per year 58%: easy or somewhat easy to obtain; write-in comments indicated many obtaining stimulants from friends with prescriptions
Fitzgerald 2012 and the general absence of successful experiments suggests not, as does the general historic failure of scores of IQ-related interventions in healthy young adults. Of the 10 studies listed in the original section dealing with iodine in children or adults, only 2 show any benefit; in lieu of a meta-analysis, a rule of thumb would be 20%, but both those studies used a package of dozens of nutrients - and not just iodine - so if the responsible substance were randomly picked, that suggests we ought to give it a chance of 20% \times \frac{1}{\text{dozens}} of being iodine! I may be unduly optimistic if I give this as much as 10%.
The use of prescription stimulants is especially prevalent among students.[9] Surveys suggest that 0.7–4.5% of German students have used cognitive enhancers in their lifetimes.[10][11][12] Stimulants such as dimethylamylamine and methylphenidate are used on college campuses and by younger groups.[13] Based upon studies of self-reported illicit stimulant use, 5–35% of college students use diverted ADHD stimulants, which are primarily used for enhancement of academic performance rather than as recreational drugs.[14][15][16] Several factors positively and negatively influence an individual's willingness to use a drug for the purpose of enhancing cognitive performance. Among them are personal characteristics, drug characteristics, and characteristics of the social context.[10][11][17][18]


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For example, you may need a treatment programme that accommodates a dual diagnosis. We will discuss dual diagnosis more in the next section, but the fact remains that UKAT has access to the specialised treatment programmes dual diagnosis patients need. We do not believe it is helpful to put such patients through treatment programmes that don't effectively address both problems they are dealing with.
In the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 20.2 million American adults reported a past-year substance use disorder, and out of this group 7.9 million (39.1 percent) also suffered from a co-occurring mental health disorder. The range of co-occurring disorders known to coincide with drug addiction is broad and includes virtually every type of mental illness recognized by the American Psychiatric Association.
UKAT treatment centres view addiction treatment as a way of giving you the best chances of long-term recovery from alcoholism. As such, treatments are individually designed with that goal in mind. Your addiction treatment will meet you where you are. Your treatment plan will be geared toward your unique circumstances, and it will lead you through the recovery journey and on to a healthier, happier life.
Work with an intervention specialist. If your loved one is in strong denial about the problem, he or she will probably refuse to get treatment or even to listen to you. A substance abuse counselor or therapist who specializes in intervention can help you plan a formal meeting to confront your loved one with the consequences of their behavior and propose a treatment plan. Best Alcohol Detox Drug Program Treatment Addiction Alcohol
There are many factors that contribute to drug addiction: genetic makeup, family background, social influences, neurological factors, and environmental issues. Having a close family member who is addicted to drugs, or growing up in an environment where drug use is widely accepted, can increase your chances of dependence and drug addiction. A co-occurring mental illness makes you vulnerable to addictive drug use.
The intravenous use of heroin not only intensifies the response to this drug; it also increases the risk of overdose, communicable disease, tissue infection, blood vessel collapse, and accidental death. Heroin withdrawal is notoriously uncomfortable, driving many addicts back to the drug in spite of their resolve to quit. Medical detox can significantly reduce the physical and psychological discomfort of heroin withdrawal, making it possible to reach your recovery goals.
Made from a mixture of baking soda and powder cocaine, crack is a version of cocaine—but at a lower purity level. The key difference is that crack is smoked. This method of ingestion allows the drug to seep into lung tissues, producing a completely different result. Smoking crack causes the high to be much faster and more intense than the high traditionally felt from powder cocaine. Crack's high is extremely short, usually less than 15 minutes, causing the user to crave a frightening amount of the drug. Withdrawal symptoms can cause immense depression, agitation and insomnia – all of which drive an addict to keep using the drug.11
The length of a rehab program can vary greatly, and largely depends on the needs of each individual. For some, a weekly outpatient program may suffice, while others may participate in inpatient care that lasts on average 30–40 days. You may ask yourself, "How does rehab work?" Like many things in life, long-term recovery is usually achieved with time and dedication. For some, this may include long-term inpatient drug rehab that involves staying on-site for an extended period of time. This can help some clients better regulate their recovery needs for sustained sobriety. These types of programs may also include sober living housing, which provides patients with a stable place to live while transitioning back into normal life.
Founded in 1967 by 6 heroin addicts trying to stay clean, this nonprofit organization now has 11 treatment centers across the nation and over 120 specialized programs with a focus on holistic treatment. Phoenix House has grown into a program supported by a complete staff of addiction specialists. This treatment center follows the understanding that addiction is a chronic illness, requiring ongoing support and management just like any other chronic illness. It is one of the best treatment centers on the more affordable side of the spectrum.
You may be wondering how much rehab costs and is it worth the price? Inpatient treatment is generally more expensive than outpatient treatment. Depending on the severity of your addiction, it may take some time to recover. The more time you spend in alcohol rehab, the more it will cost. Many people transition from detox to inpatient treatment, to continued outpatient treatment, and then to a sober living environment.
Drug addiction treatment can typically be divided into three phases: detox, therapy and long-term recovery. When discussing the treatment of drug addiction, many people focus only on the first phase, detox; while detox is of course a crucial component of treatment, it is only one element and having gone through detox and withdrawal if an addict believes that their recovery is complete they are almost certainly doomed to fall back into addiction very quickly since the underlying causes of their addiction have not been addressed.
The first step in treatment is brief intervention. The physician states unequivocally that the patient has a problem with alcohol and emphasizes that this determination stems from the consequences of alcohol in that patient's life, not from the quantity of alcohol consumed. Emphasizing the effects on family, friends, and occupation, as well as any physical manifestations, is important. Pointing out that loss of control and compulsive use indicate alcohol dependence also is important.
At Hazelden Betty Ford, your length of stay in inpatient alcohol or drug rehab will be based on your progress in meeting specific clinical milestones. Our clinical team will work with you and your family as well as your insurance provider to come up with the best timetable and plan for you. Just as addiction doesn't happen in the course of a few weeks or months, it's unrealistic to expect recovery to occur that quickly.
There is a wide range of alcohol rehab programs, including inpatient, outpatient, day-patient, and evening programs. Inpatient rehab facilities are the most structured. Generally, these programs run for 30, 60, or 90 days. There is a benefit to stepping out of your environment so that you can completely focus on recovery without any distractions, as in an inpatient program. However, that is not an option for many people.
A number of faith-based groups operate drug and alcohol recovery programs. These include the Christian Salvation Army Adult Rehabilitation Centers and Harbor Light detox and residential centers, which can be found nationwide, as well as a variety of other rehab centers and organizations dedicated to residential rehabilitation and support based on their specific faith traditions. Some religious organizations offer support organizations for people in rehab, such as the Orthodox Jewish Chabad movement recovery program and its residential treatment center for men in California, or JACS, a Jewish community addiction resource group in New York, along with a number of other Christian support organizations, like Alcoholics Victorious and Christians in Recovery. These groups generally provide free 12-Step support or other counseling, religious motivation, and peer support group programs, but do not provide medical detox, requiring that their clients undergo detox before beginning their programs.
Rehabs.com collects "Web Ratings" from dozens of popular sites around the web to help our users get a sense of a provider's reputation and customer satisfaction. Our "Overall Rehabs.com Rating" and specific ratings on criteria such as Treatment Effectiveness, Meals and Nutrition, and others found on provider listing pages are collected from surveys taken directly by our visitors.
Traditional alcohol treatment programs rely on evidence-based strategies such as psychotherapy, behavioral modification therapy, peer group counseling, nutritional counseling and 12-step programs. Rehabilitation begins with detox, a cleansing process that allows the patient to withdraw safely and comfortably from alcohol. After detox, the patient participates in a structured series of therapies that are designed to help him or her modify destructive behaviors and create a sober life. How to Stop Drinking Alcohol | Recovery 2.0 Protocol

subset: commoncrawl


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Wave Momentum Flux Parameter for Coastal Structure Design
by Steven A. Hughes
PURPOSE: The Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) described herein provides information about a new wave parameter for characterizing wave processes at coastal structures. A description of the parameter is given along with sample calculations for periodic waves and solitary waves. The first application of this physically relevant parameter has been development of new empirical relationships for irregular wave runup on smooth, impermeable slopes described in CHETN-III-68 (Hughes 2003). COMMON WAVE PARAMETERS: Coastal engineers have established useful design guidance by augmenting theoretical reasoning with empirical coefficients determined from small-scale laboratory testing. Waves are usually included in empirical design relationships via one or more wave parameters considered to be representative of the incident wave condition. Common regular and irregular wave parameters are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Common Wave and Fluid Parameters
Regular Wave Parameters H = wave height L = local wavelength T = wave period Hmo Hrms Tp Lp Lm = = = = = zeroth-moment wave height root-mean-squared wave height spectral peak wave period wavelength associated with Tp wavelength associated with Tm Ho = deepwater wave height Lo = deepwater wavelength k = wave number [= 2π/L] Irregular Wave Parameters Hs H10% Tm Lop Lom = = = = = significant wave height [= H1/3] 10% of waves are higher mean wave period deepwater wavelength associated with Tp deepwater wavelength associated with Tm
Fluid and Other Parameters g = gravitational acceleration µ = coefficient of dynamic viscosity h = water depth ρ = fluid density ν = coefficient of kinematic viscosity α = beach or structure slope
Sometimes, these wave parameters are combined to form dimensionless variables that may include relevant fluid and other parameters such as those given in Table 1. The more common dimensionless wave parameters that have appeared in coastal structure design guidance are shown in Table 2. Note that relative wave height H/h is the only parameter that does not contain wave period or wavelength. Hence, H/h is the only parameter listed that is applicable to solitary waves. The dimensionless wave parameters listed in Table 2 strictly pertain to uniform, periodic waves of permanent form (i.e., regular waves); and it is customary to use first-order wave theory to calculate
c. Thus. The parameter applies to both periodic waves and nonperiodic waves. momentum is reversed. The parameter spans the range of relative depths from deep water to shallow water. The instantaneous flux of horizontal momentum (mf) across a unit area of a vertical plane oriented parallel to the wave crests is given by mf (x. The new wave parameter has the following attributes: a. This CHETN describes a new wave parameter for depicting processes that occur when waves impinge on coastal structures. L Lo gT 2 Ho Ho . d. and the resulting force on the object is equal to the rate of change of momentum.t) = pd + ρ u2 where x z t pd = horizontal direction perpendicular to wave crests = vertical direction. These same dimensionless parameters are also used to characterize irregular wave trains by substituting wave heights. such as those shown on Table 1. The parameter is easy to estimate so design guidance using the parameter can be pro- grammed into computer spreadsheets or simple programs. wave momentum flux is the property of progressive waves most closely related to force loads on coastal structures or any other solid object placed in the wave field. Lo gT 2 ξ= it can be incorporated into theoretical models of specific physical processes in a rational way. tan α H/L tan α Ho /Lo Deepwater Iribarren number ξ= b.z. e. The parameter is stable and robust. WAVE MOMENTUM FLUX PARAMETER: Surface waves possess momentum that is directed parallel to the direction of wave propagation. And for this reason wave momentum flux is a compelling wave property for characterizing coastal structure response to wave loading. and wavelengths representative of irregular waves. When a wave encounters a solid object.ERDC/CHL CHETN-III-67 September 2003 values for wavelength. also known as the wave momentum flux. . . The parameter is physically meaningful so Table 2 Common Dimensionless Wave Parameters Parameter Relative depth Relative wave height Wave steepness Deepwater wave steepness Local Iribarren number Value h h . positive upward with z = 0 at still-water level (swl) = time = instantaneous wave dynamic pressure at a specified position (1) ρ = water density u = instantaneous horizontal water velocity at the same specified position 2 . kh L gT 2 H h H H H . wave periods.
Estimates of (MF)max improve using extended-linear theory in which expressions for linear wave kinematics are assumed to be valid in the crest region. there is significant variation of depth-integrated wave momentum flux over a wavelength from large positive values to large negative values. the result becomes the wave "radiation stress" defined by Longuet-Higgins and Steward (1964). and consequently. Therefore. the maximum of Equation 2. So instead of adopting a mean value which is quite small compared to the range of variation. Hughes (in preparation) calculated values of (MF)max for a wide range of nonlinear uniform waves using a numerical technique (Fourier approximation) that optimized the solution to provide the best fit of the fully nonlinear free surface boundary conditions. maximum depth-integrated wave momentum flux (MF)max can be determined for any surface wave form provided the velocity and pressure field can be specified. However. the theory underpredicts momentum flux under the crest. Periodic Waves Expressions derived for maximum depth-integrated wave momentum flux from linear wave theory do not include that part of the wave above the swl where a significant portion of the wave momentum flux is found. it is logical when considering the wave force loading on structures to focus on the maximum." Figure 1 presents the dimensionless wave momentum flux parameter versus relative depth h/gT2. t ) = ∫− h η ( x) (pd + ρu 2 ) dz (2) gives the total wave momentum flux per unit crest length acting through a vertical plane parallel to the crest. i. 3 . However..ERDC/CHL CHETN-III-67 September 2003 Integrating the instantaneous wave momentum flux over the water depth. wave period increases toward the left and decreases to the right. Results were expressed in terms of the dimensionless parameter ⎛ MF ⎞ ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎝ ρ gh ⎠ max This parameter represents the nondimensional maximum depth-integrated wave momentum flux. For a constant water depth. which occurs at the wave crest. and it is referred to as the "wave momentum flux parameter. ESTIMATING MAXIMUM DEPTH-INTEGRATED WAVE MOMENTUM FLUX: Hughes (in preparation) derived formulas for estimating the maximum depth-integrated wave momentum flux for periodic (regular) waves and solitary waves.e. If the depth-integrated MF is also integrated over the wavelength. the wave form is still sinusoidal rather than having peaked crests and shallow troughs typical of nonlinear shoaled waves. i. M F ( x. The range of relative depths covers most coastal applications. depth-averaged wave momentum flux that occurs during passage of a wave.. The solid lines are lines of constant relative wave height H/h.e. (MF)max has the potential of being a unifying wave parameter applicable to both periodic and transient wave types. Using Equation 2.
2924 b2 = -0. Dimensionless wave momentum flux versus h/gT2 The dashed line in Figure 1 gives the steepness-limited wave breaking criterion tabulated by Williams (1985) and expressed by Sobey (1998) as the rational approximation ω 2 H limit g where co = 1.0064 a3 = -0.ERDC/CHL CHETN-III-67 September 2003 Figure 1.0962 b1 = 3.2645 ⎛ a r + a2 r 2 + a3r 3 ⎞ = co tanh ⎜ 1 ⎟ ⎜ 1+ b r + b r2 ⎟ 1 2 ⎠ ⎝ (3) Sobey noted the previous expression has a maximum error of 0.0575 a1 = 0.0014 over the range of Williams' table. Williams' (1985) tabulation of limit waves is more accurate than the traditional limit wave steepness given by 4 .7879 r = ω 2h/g a2 = 2.
other irregular wave parameters might be used depending on the application. and the resulting coefficients and exponents for each power curve were also approximated as power curves. purely empirical. the only poorly fitted curve is for H/h = 0. A nonlinear best-fit of a two parameter power curve was performed for each calculated H/h-curve. However. equation representing the curves of constant H/h shown on Figure 1 is given as ⎛ MF ⎞ ⎛ h ⎞ ⎜ ⎟ = A0 ⎜ 2 ⎟ 2 ⎝ ρ gh ⎠ max ⎝ gT ⎠ where −A1 (5) ⎛H⎞ A0 = 0.639 ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ h⎠ ⎛H⎞ A1 = 0. The resulting. most coastal structure design guidance developed in the past 20–25 years has used wave parameters representative of unidirectional irregular wave trains. This divergence was caused by the power curve tending toward positive infinity as h/gT 2→ 0. However.142 tanh (kh) L (4) which overestimates limiting steepness for long waves and underestimates limiting steepness for short waves.6.180 ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ h⎠ 2. before applying any design guidance using the wave momentum flux parameter. An empirical equation for estimating the wave momentum flux parameter for finite amplitude steady waves was established using the calculated curves of constant H/h shown in Figure 1. it is important to ascertain which wave parameters were used to establish that particular empirical relationship.ERDC/CHL CHETN-III-67 September 2003 H limit = 0.026 (6) −0. For smaller values of nondimensional (MF)max. and 7. 5 . Greater deviation begins to occur for dimensionless (MF)max > 0. there is reasonable correspondence except for the left-most points of each curve (shown below the line of equivalence). 6. regular waves.391 (7) Goodness-of-fit of Equation 5 compared to the computed values given in Figure 1 is shown in Figure 2. and estimates of maximum wave momentum flux should be reasonably representative of the irregular wave train. The empirical equation represented by Equation 5. It is recommended that the wave momentum flux parameter for irregular wave trains be estimated by substituting irregular wave parameters Hmo (zeroth-moment wave height) and Tp (peak spectral period) directly into the empirical Equations 5.8 which is at or slightly above the limiting steepness for waves on a horizontal seabed. Nevertheless. This poor correspondence was likely the result of forcing the numerical computation beyond appropriate limits. provides an easy method for estimating the nondimensional wave momentum flux parameter for finite amplitude. Therefore. along with Equations 6 and 7. Application is simple.
a nonlinear curve fit was applied to the plotted M and N curves to produce the following simple equations that give reasonable values for M and N.ERDC/CHL CHETN-III-67 September 2003 Figure 2. Goodness-of-fit of nonlinear momentum flux empirical equation (Fourier wave theory) Solitary Waves An analytical derivation for the wave momentum flux parameter for solitary waves was given by Hughes (in preparation) as 2 ⎛ MF ⎞ 1 ⎡⎛ H ⎞ ⎛ H ⎞⎤ = ⎢⎜ ⎟ + 2 ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ ⎜ ⎟ 2 ⎝ h ⎠⎥ ⎝ ρ gh ⎠ max 2 ⎢⎝ h ⎠ ⎣ ⎦ (8) + N 2 ⎛ H ⎞ ⎧ ⎡ M ⎛ H ⎞⎤ 1 3 ⎡ M ⎛ H ⎞⎤ ⎫ ⎜ + 1⎟ ⎨ tan ⎢ ⎜ + 1⎟ ⎥ + tan ⎢ ⎜ + 1⎟ ⎥ ⎬ 2M ⎝ h ⎠⎩ ⎣ 2 ⎝ h ⎠⎦ 3 ⎠⎦ ⎭ ⎣2 ⎝ h The parameter is a function of only relative wave height H/h and two coefficients M and N that are typically presented in graphical form. To accommodate calculations. 6 .
98 ⎨ tanh ⎢ 2.ERDC/CHL CHETN-III-67 September 2003 ⎧ ⎡ ⎛ H ⎞⎤ ⎫ M = 0.69 tanh ⎢ 2.38 ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ ⎝ h ⎠⎦ ⎣ 0. and armor stability. These values represent the upper limit of nonlinear (Fourier) waves when h/(gT2 ) approaches zero. impermeable slopes was derived by assuming the weight of water contained in the volume above the still-water line at maximum runup is proportional to the maximum depthintegrated wave momentum flux in the wave as it passes the structure toe. Nonlinear curve fit to solitary wave N and M coefficients 7 . a simple expression for wave runup on plane. reflection. The variation of maximum nondimensional wave momentum flux for solitary waves as a function of H/h is shown in Figure 4. Hughes (in preparation) confirmed this simple hypothesis by establishing empirical runup relationships based on the wave Figure 3.44 (9) (10) The empirically-fit equations (solid lines) are plotted along with the data points taken from the Shore protection manual (1984) in Figure 3.24 ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ ⎬ ⎝ h ⎠⎦ ⎭ ⎣ ⎩ ⎡ ⎛ H ⎞⎤ N = 0. transmission. APPLICATIONS: It is anticipated that the wave momentum flux parameter will prove useful for developing improved semiempirical formulas to describe such wave/structure processes as runup. As an example. overtopping.
ERDC/CHL CHETN-III-67 September 2003 Figure 4.2 ft/s2 64 lb/ft3 – – – – – Water depth Regular wave period Regular wave height Gravitational acceleration Specific weight of sea water 8 . structure slope was found to have less influence than previously thought for the range of slopes in the data set. EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS: The following examples illustrate calculation of the wave momentum flux parameter for regular and solitary waves. impermeable slopes. Example: Regular Wave Momentum Flux Parameter Find: The nondimensional wave momentum flux parameter and the corresponding maximum depthintegrated wave momentum flux per unit length of wave crest for the specified regular wave. Solitary wave nondimensional wave momentum flux versus H/h momentum flux parameter using existing runup for regular waves and solitary waves. In all runup cases. CHETN-III-68 (Hughes 2003) extended this concept to irregular wave runup. providing improved estimation techniques for runup on smooth. Given: h T H g ρg = = = = = 15 ft 8s 9 ft 32.
7854 1/s and r= ω 2h g = (0.7854 1/s ) ⎥ ⎣ ⎦ ⎡ 0.0064r 2 − 0.ERDC/CHL CHETN-III-67 September 2003 Estimate Limit Wave Height: First check to be certain the specified wave height does not exceed the steepness limited wave height for the given wave period and water depth.2 ft) tanh (0. g.0 ft Because H < Hlimit.. i. Calculate the circular wave frequency and nondimensional depth as 2π 2π ω = T = (8 s) = 0.6 and 15 ft h = 0. and r yields ⎡ 32.287 )2 − 0.0064 ( 0.2924r − 0.2 ft/s 2 ⎤ H limit = ⎢ ⎥ (1.287 ) ⎢ ⎥ ⎣ ⎦ or Hlimit= (55.0962r 3 ⎞ ⎛ g ⎞ H limit = ⎜ 2 ⎟ (1. respectively as 9 .2 ft/s2)(8 s)2 gT Next.2924 ( 0.2 ft/s2) The limiting wave height is given by rearranging Equation 3 and replacing the constants with the given numerical values. Calculate the Wave Momentum Flux Parameter: First calculate values of relative wave height and relative depth as H 9 ft h = 15 ft = 0.7879r + 2.2645 ( 0.2023) = 11.287 (32. the specified wave condition is not steepness limited.e.0575 ) tanh ⎜ ⎟ 1 + 3.7879 ( 0.287 ) − 0. ⎛ 0. find the values of the coefficient A0 and A1 from Equations 6 and 7.287 )3 ⎤ tanh ⎢ ⎥ 2 1 + 3.0073 = 2 (32.287 ) + 2.0962 ( 0.7854 1/s)2(15 ft) = 0.0575 ) 2 ⎢ ( 0.2645r 2 ⎝ω ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ Substituting for the variables ω.
669) = 9.6)]}0.e.2270 (0.634 lb/ft ⎜ ρgh ⎟ ⎝ ⎠ max Example: Solitary Wave Momentum Flux Parameter Find: The nondimensional wave momentum flux parameter and the corresponding maximum depth-integrated wave momentum flux per unit length of wave crest for the specified solitary wave.026 = 0.ERDC/CHL CHETN-III-67 September 2003 ⎛H⎞ A0 = 0.6 Using this value of H/h.391 = 0.24 ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ ⎬ ⎝ h ⎠⎦ ⎭ ⎣ ⎩ 0.923 10 . H 9 ft h = 15 ft = 0.026 = 0.669 Calculate the Maximum Depth-Integrated Wave Momentum Flux: The dimensional value of maximum depth-integrated wave momentum flux per unit length along the wave crest is obtained simply as ⎛ M ⎞ (MF)max = (ρ g) (h2) ⎜ F 2 ⎟ = (64 lb/ft3) (15 ft)2 (0.2198 Finally.98 ⎨ tanh ⎢ 2.639 (0.391 = 0. the nondimensional wave momentum flux parameter is calculated from Equation 5 as ⎛ MF ⎞ ⎛ h ⎞ = A0 ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎝ ρ gh ⎠ max ⎝ gT ⎠ − A1 = 0. determine the coefficients M and N from Equations 9 and 10. respectively: ⎧ ⎡ ⎛ H ⎞⎤ ⎫ M = 0.6)-0.44 = 0.6)2.2198 = 0.2 ft/s2 ρg = 64 lb/ft3 – – – – Water depth Solitary wave height Gravitational acceleration Specific weight of sea water Calculate the Wave Momentum Flux Parameter: This solitary wave has the same relative wave height as the previous example. i. Given: h = 15 ft H = 9 ft g = 32.24 (0.44 = 0.639 ⎜ ⎟ ⎝h⎠ ⎛H⎞ A1 = 0..0073)-0.180 (0.180 ⎜ ⎟ ⎝h⎠ 2.2270 −0.98 {tanh [2.
718 lb/ft ρ gh 2 ⎠ max ⎝ The value of (MF)max for the solitary wave is 1. you may need to convert the arguments of the tangent function from radians to degrees before taking the tangent.6. In fact.923) ⎤ 1 ⎡ ( 0.7384 ) + tan 3 ( 0. Because wave momentum flux has units of force per unit crest width. For periodic waves an easily applied empirical expression was given to estimate nondimensional maximum depth-integrated wave momentum flux as a function of relative wave height and relative 11 . i. M.6 confirms the calculations. the solitary wave is the limit of the regular wave as wave period becomes very long.69 tanh [2.923) ⎧ ⎡ ( 0.6 + 1)⎥ ⎪ ⎨ tan ⎢ ⎬ ⎪ ⎪ ⎦ 3 ⎣ 2 ⎦⎭ ⎩ ⎣ 2 ⎛ MF ⎞ 1 ⎡ ⎤ = 0.78 + 0.ERDC/CHL CHETN-III-67 September 2003 and ⎡ ⎛ H ⎞⎤ N = 0.923) ⎤⎫ ⎪ ( 0.3278 ⎢ tan ( 0.161 ⎜ 2 ⎟ 3 ⎣ ⎦ ⎝ ρ gh ⎠ max The plot shown in Figure 4 agrees with the previous calculation for a value of H/h = 0.615 ⎝ h ⎠⎦ ⎣ A quick check of the plots in Figure 3 with a value of H/h = 0.7384 ) ⎥ = 1.6 ) ⎤ ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎦ ⎝ ρ gh ⎠ max 2 ⎣ + ( 0.6 + 1) ⎥ + tan 3 ⎢ ( 0. SUMMARY: This CHETN has described a new parameter representing the maximum depthintegrated wave momentum flux occurring in a wave.615 )2 0. Substituting values for H/h.6)] = 0. Calculate the Maximum Depth-Integrated Wave Momentum Flux: Just as for the regular wave example.6 + 1 ( ) 2 ( 0.69 tanh ⎢ 2.6 ) + 2 ( 0. and N into Equation 8 yields the nondimensional wave momentum flux parameter for the specified solitary wave. the dimensional value of maximum depth-integrated wave momentum flux per unit length along the wave crest is calculated as (MF)max = (ρg) (h2) ⎛ MF ⎞ 3 2 ⎜ ⎟ = (64 lb/ft ) (15 ft) (1.74 times greater than the regular wave having the same value of H/h.38 ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ = 0. Caution: If you perform the previous calculation on a hand-held calculator.161) = 16.. it is a physical descriptor of wave forces acting on coastal structures. ⎛ MF ⎞ 1 2 = ⎡ ( 0.e.38 (0.
S. Elsevier.mil. Williams. and Stewart. Army Engineer Research and Development Center.mil). "Estimating irregular wave runup on smooth. retired Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory and Sea Grant. Vicksburg.S. email: Steven. U. REFERENCES Hughes. Dr. reflection. 529-562.Kraus@erdc. U. Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory. (1984)." ERDC/CHL CETN-III-68. A. "Wave momentum flux parameter for coastal structure design. A formula was also given for estimating the wave momentum flux parameter for solitary waves. A.army. MS. Beneficial reviews were provided by Mr.usace. U.S. John Ahrens. Fax: 601-6343433. and armor stability. Sobey. Nicholas C. with applications. transmission. Ltd. Example calculations are provided for both wave types. M. NOTE: The contents of this technical note are not to be used for advertising. Longuet-Higgins. The Netherlands. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. (1964).email@example.com. Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory. (2003). publication.usace.ERDC/CHL CHETN-III-67 September 2003 water depth. 12 .C. overtopping. and Mr. J. W. Kraus at Nicholas.. (1985).. Hughes. MA. Boston.S. M. Steven A." Coastal Engineering. Hughes (Voice: 601-634-2026. For information about the Coastal Inlets Research Program (CIRP).A. (in preparation). J. impermeable plane slopes as detailed in CHETN-III-68 (Hughes 2003). Dennis Markle and Dr. R. S. impermeable slope." Short Course Notes. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. The wave momentum flux parameter is useful for developing improved semiempirical formulas to describe such wave/structure processes as runup." Deep-Sea Research.army. Questions about this technical note can be addressed to Dr. R. Shore Protection Manual. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: This CHETN is a product of the Scour at Inlet Structures Work Unit of the Coastal Inlets Research Program (CIRP) being conducted at the U. The first application of the parameter has been revised design guidance for irregular wave runup on smooth. please contact the CIRP Technical Leader. Washington. U. DC. S. Government Printing Office. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. 11. or promotional purposes. Tables of progressive gravity waves. Great Britain. "Radiation stresses in water waves: A physical discussion. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such products. "Nonlinear wave theory. Jeff Melby. Pitman. (1998). Pergamon Press. Vicksburg MS. 4th edition.


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Amelie Beaulieu Outdoor Storage & Cabinet August 05th, 2018 - 22:00:34
The main concerns when choosing a storage box are durability weatherproofing and overall look. You want something that will protect your belongings in all kinds of weather and also fit into the design of your patio/garden/deck area. Storage boxes for outdoor use comes in many different materials including wrought iron aluminum plastic fiberglass and wood and each can have a unique look.
Another favorite place to store holiday decorations is at the very back of the spare bedroom closet. Youll more than likely have to move a lot of other stored items out of the way to get to your boxes of outdoor ornaments. That can be time consuming and bothersome and result in a mess in the spare bedroom. No matter where youve been storing them dragging them out of their hiding spot and outside can be a chore. Fortunately this year there are plenty of storage options for your holiday decorations that might make more sense particularly the location of that storage: outside. After all what could be more convenient than storing your holiday decorations within a few feet of where you need them?
Outdoor storage sheds are wonderful all purpose solutions to getting more storage space. They are particularly useful for storing outdoor tools and gardening supplies because they allow you to keep the tools and supplies out of the weather yet not get your house dirtied up in the process. Most outdoor storage sheds are excellent places to store your lawn and garden tools. Things like extra potting soil fertilizer the lawn mower and hedge trimmers even shovels buckets rakes and hoes can easily and safely be stored in an outdoor storage shed.
Everyone who has a garden no matter how small it is needs somewhere to keep the equipment needed to take care of it. Things like lawnmowers spades forks ladders have to be protected from the elements and a shed is the perfect answer here. It is a good idea to have shelving in a shed if at all possible so that spare cans of paint weed killers fuel for the lawnmower and other dangerous chemicals can be stored safely out of harms way and out of reach of children and animals. Sheds can be large or small and it is astonishing how much can be kept in quite a small space if it is properly organised.
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Police Blotter - March 27
Brainerd police
SUSPICIOUS—A man was cited for possession of a small amount of marijuana and drug paraphernalia at 1:10 a.m. Tuesday, March 26, after a report of a suspicious vehicle on the 600 block of Washington Street.
Report at 2:46 a.m. Friday of males siphoning gas on Southeast 12th and Maple streets. Police were not able to locate the people upon arrival.
A juvenile male was cited at 1:34 a.m. Wednesday, March 20, after police located the subject out past curfew on the 800 block of Front Street. Custody of the juvenile was turned over to a family member.
DISTURBANCES—Report at 5:08 a.m. Monday of a possibly intoxicated person causing a disturbance on the 1100 block of 12th Avenue Northeast. The subject left before police arrived.
Report at 8:39 a.m. Friday of a male student causing a disturbance at Brainerd High School, 702 S. Fifth St.
A 14-year-old female was cited for disorderly conduct at 10:15 a.m. Wednesday, March 20, after a report of a student causing a disturbance with staff at the Lincoln Education Center, 604 S. Sixth St.
Report at 7:02 p.m. March 18 of a disturbance on the 700 block of South Ninth Street. Officers did not hear anything from outside the residence, but advised subjects to keep noise at a reasonable level.
Report at 6:18 p.m. March 18 of a disturbance on the 700 block of South Ninth Street. Officers observed subjects speaking at a normal conversation volume, but advised them to keep noise at a reasonable level.
THEFTS—Report Friday of a theft on the 800 block of Fir Street.
Report Thursday of a vehicle stolen on the 400 block of Eighth Avenue Northeast. The vehicle was entered into the National Crime Information Center.
Report March 20 of a theft on the 300 block of South Seventh Street.
Report March 20 of a theft on the 900 block of South Sixth Street.
Report March 20 of a theft on the 14100 block of Baxter Drive.
Report March 18 of a theft on the 1100 block of Southeast 12th Street.
Report Monday of a vehicle stolen on the 800 block of Quince Street.
ARRESTS—A 24-year-old male was arrested at 6:13 a.m. Monday for domestic assault, disorderly conduct and interfering with an emergency call on the 1100 block of 12th Avenue Northeast.
A 46-year-old man was arrested at 11:41 p.m. Sunday for fleeing a peace officer by means other than a motor vehicle on the 300 block of Fourth Avenue Northeast.
A 26-year-old man was arrested at 2:41 p.m. Sunday for pending probably cause for domestic assault after a report of a subject panhandling at Mill Avenue Holiday station, 1500 Mill Ave.
A 40-year-old man was arrested at 4:29 p.m. Saturday for fifth-degree assault and disorderly conduct on the 900 block of South 10th Street.
A 48-year-old man was arrested at 11 p.m. Friday for conditions of release violation after a report of a verbal disturbance on the 400 block of Holly Street.
A 32-year-old man was arrested on warrant at 4:54 p.m. Thursday on the 500 block of Second Avenue Northeast.
A 36-year-old man was arrested at 7:58 a.m. Thursday on an arrest and detain order for possession of a hypodermic needle on the 400 block of Eighth Avenue Northeast.
A 52-year-old man was arrested at 6:56 p.m. March 20 for trespassing and consumption of alcohol in public at Little Caesars Pizza, 807 Washington St.
A 48-year-old man was arrested at 7:54 a.m. Wednesday for felony warrant after a traffic stop on Southeast 13th and Pine streets.
A 35-year-old male was arrested at 1:33 p.m. March 19 for child endangerment after a 911 hang-up on Hart Road.
A 46-year-old man was arrested at 4:24 a.m. Tuesday for obstructing a warrant on the 300 block of Laurel Street.
A 60-year-old woman was arrested at 7:46 p.m. March 18 for fourth-degree driving while intoxicated on Excelsior Road and Broadmoor Drive in Baxter.
A 28-year-old man was arrested at 12:58 p.m. Monday for shoplifting on the 400 block of Washington Street.
Crosby police
SUSPICIOUS—Report on Sunday, March 24, of a suspicious male observed hitchhiking on the 300 block of East Main Street. An officer checked the area, but was unable to locate the subject.
ARRESTS—A 34-year-old man was arrested Friday on a warrant after a report of two suspicious people with flashlights walking around outside residences on the 100 block of First Street Northwest. The other male was advised and sent from the area.


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How to Eat a Chocolate Easter Bunny
While this may not be a matter of scientific urgency, it is interesting.
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While this may not be a matter of scientific urgency, it is interesting.
Researchers say that vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency in infants adversely affects their motor functioning when they are preschoolers.
A new study has suggested that there is a decreased risk of cancer with more vitamin D.
Researchers say zinc regulates the storage and release of neurotransmitters and can enhance learning.
Researchers have reported drinking tea can lower the incidence of neurocognitive disorders.
In a meta - analysis of 17 studies, it was found that patients which carry Herpes virus type 1 and type 2 are at high risk of developing Atherosclesosis, which is a disease of the heart arteries characterized by the deposition of fatty material on their inner walls.
Guinness is a world famous Irish beer that is perhaps one of the most popular drinks in the world on St. Patrick's Day. News that there are a considerable number of health benefits to Guinness has many beer drinkers feeling good.
Adding more foods with sulforaphane to your diet can prevent cancer by improving upon cell DNA.
Before you get in the car to go veggie shopping, remember to keep these things in mind.
Baycrest scientists associated with the University of Toronto have published a Canadian Brain Health Food Guide. The primary mission of this publication is to help adults who are over 50 years old preserve their thinking and memory skills as they grow older.
The best way to avoid using antibiotics too often, is to have a strong immunity. But, many of us do not have the knowledge on what we should consume food wise or give our children in order to keep strong. So, more often than not, we end up resorting to antibiotics to fight infections and inflammations. However, there has been extensive research pointing to the fact that exposure to at least one course of antibiotics in the first year of life, increases the chances of childhood asthma, which may persist through out adult life.
Not only is this berry tasty, it is loaded with nutrients that helps you enjoy good health well into old age.
Researchers say a probiotic called lactobacillus which is found in yogurt can help to reverse symptoms of depression in mice. They are now planning to investigate if lactobacillus can help treat depression in people.
Researchers say many deaths from diabetes, heart disease and stroke are associated with diet. It is therefore necessary for those afflicted with these conditions to have optimal nutrition to prolong their lives.
Toxoplasmosis infection has been linked with many neurological disorders and is the leading cause of death attributed to foodborne illness in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control. A recent study on the global burden of latent toxoplasmosis infection, found that this parasitical disease is becoming a global health hazard, as it infects 30–50% of the world human population.
Physicians have analyzed food trends and have published a dietary prescription for achieving optimal heart health.
Fish and fish oils are thought to help relieve symptoms associated with rheumatoid arthritis, but what if you don't eat fish due to beliefs or allergies? A new study finds DHA from algae may be of help.
The American Institute for Cancer Research estimates that close to one in three common cancers in the US can be prevented through lifestyle change.
Researchers have found sugars which pass through breast milk can cause babies to be overweight. Breast feeding mothers should be careful about their consumption of sugar in order to protect their babies from gaining too much weight.
You think you're doing the right thing by choosing healthier alternatives to popular mainstream products. But somehow they get tainted too. If you regularly enjoy SoyNut, you might want to stay away for a few weeks.
Researchers say that using Twitter may help to increase reporting of food-poisoning.
Researchers say that mercury which is in fish may be associated with an increased risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). It's therefore a good idea to cut down on fish which have a high mercury content such as swordfish and shark.
White spots on the teeth are an indication of loss of mineral content from the surface of your teeth also known as enamel. But in order to get rid of white spots on teeth naturally, there are two main things that must be understood:
Researchers say they have determined there is a "tipping point" which is linked to Alzheimer's disease.
Early birds are more like to make healthy diet choices, and thus are less likely to be overweight.
Those affected by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or COPD may want to include certain fruits and vegetables into their daily diet.
Researchers say a micronutrient which is found in soy may have a significant heart protective benefit.
We have all heard that you are what you eat, and that a balanced diet with less fat, less processed food and more vegetables, is best. But now, there is real basis to affirm that a vegetarian diet is indeed better for a person's overall health.
There is an association between eating fish that is high in omega-3 fatty acids and better cognition.
Fiber from whole grains, fruits and vegetables protect against colon cancer in more ways than one.


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Coloring Books Online
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