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Main Cartooning: Cartooning: Book 1: Learn the basics of cartooning
Cartooning: Cartooning: Book 1: Learn the basics of cartooningJack Keely, Carson Van Osten
Learn all about the exciting realm of cartooning! In Cartooning 1, Jack Keely (with some help from Carson van Osten) invites you into the cartooning world and shows you how to draw and create a variety of lovable charactersfrom a perky puppy to a personable toaster! In this book, the author explains his drawing techniques, as well as his methods of developing a cartoon to its fullest. You will learn to impart personality and expression as you discover a host of tips and techniques that will help you really bring your cartoons to life. Best of all, youll find a wealth of charming cartoon characters to inspire you.
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Which Way? THERE'S MORE THAN ONE ROUTE to Cartoon Town. Remember, this is an art, not a science, and you can make up a lot of your own rules. Don't be afraid to break out of the mold. Cartoons can be cute, cuddly, wacky, weird, thrilling, or chilling, depending on who's steering the pen. And in an arena where bugs wear clothes, mild-mannered reporters moonlight as superheroes, and teapots talk, anything goes. [image: image] But hey, you have to start somewhere. In this book, you'll see three different approaches—three sets of guidelines for creating different types of cartoons. I've also thrown in a few extra tidbits of information, and a few examples of a graphic kind of cartooning. Try the different styles on for size and see which one fits you best. As you continue to draw and create cartoon characters, you'll develop a style that's unique to you. [image: image] TOO CUTE FOR WORDS Kids identify and parents chuckle knowingly at the mischievous antics of cartoon small fry, which makes them popular styles for picture books and cards. [image: image] Cute Cartoons A lot of comic strips, children's books, and greeting cards are populated by precocious, big-eyed moppets and their lovable furry friends. These characters are endlessly produced as collectible figurines and ornaments as well. There's nothing like a little kid or a puppy to bring out warm and fuzzy feelings in even the grumpiest reader. Artist's Tip The guidelines in the book can help you chart your own unique course. But remember, every rule can be broken! [image: image] Zany Cartoons The wild characters and slapstick humor of zany cartoons are a warped reflection of our world. The situations the characters find themselves in are often familiar to us (late for work, annoyed by a neighbor, or baby-sitting a brat, for instance), and their ridiculous responses are wildly exaggerated versions of our own. [image: image] TOTALLY WILD AND WACKY The hero may be a caveman, a robot, or a talking pig, but you can be certain he'll be put through the wringer before the curtain comes down on the cartoon or comic strip action. [image: image] Realistic Cartoons Comic books are bursting with tales of heroism and derring-do. For these bold adventures, a more realistic style of drawing is called for. Cartoon realism isn't exactly realistic. Everything is stylized and stripped of extraneous details for maximum impact. [image: image] TRUE TO LIFE Realistic cartoons display a knowledge of anatomy and perspective presented in a stylized version where everything is simplified. This particular art style is often employed in advertisements and editorial cartoons as well. Critter Crazy ONE TRICK FOR DRAWING CARTOON ANIMALS is to think of them as an assembly of simple shapes, like globes, sausages, pears, and eggs. By playing off the natural colors and markings of your animal characters, you can have critters who are spotted, striped, and wildly colored, adding to the visual excitement. Animals work well in zany cartoons. The dog-chasing-cat-chasing-mouse scenario has had a lot of mileage, but there's always a fresh approach to familiar material. And the array of animals as potential subject matter ranges from Aunt Biddy's parakeet to the abominable snowman. Exaggerate! The bulldog wildly barking at a mailman out of reach or the hairy ape mimicking human behavior provide ample opportunity for the kind of squashed and stretched facial expressions and slapstick antics that are the basis of zany cartoon humor. Lumpish camels, fat pigs, and contented cows have funny faces and peculiar body shapes that give you plenty of material to work with. [image: image] HORSING AROUND Start with a sausage body (or is it a pinto bean?) and two eggs for a head. [image: image] GIDDYUP Now add balls for joints at the knees and ankles and four muffin hooves. [image: image] FUNNY FEATHERS The contrast of a fat egg body and long, hose-like legs make the ostrich an appealing zany. Not much skull space is needed to house his birdbrain. [image: image] HOLD THE BACON You can create all kinds of funny animals with sausage, egg, and muffin shapes. [image: image] [image: image] WELL DONE Put together a short, fat, sausage body, a few head-and-hump egg shapes, and some muffin hooves and suddenly you've got yourself a camel. [image: image] HORSE LAUGH Finally, sketch in the ears, eyes, and smile. The details such as saddle, lasso, and bridle are carefully delineated. But notice that they are com-posed of clean simple shapes. Saddle up! Rubber Legs The animals on this page all share a sausage body and have long hoses for legs. Their rubbery limbs make them look flexible, fluid, and funny. Big clod-hopper feet add to the clumsily comic effect. Try this approach with other agile, long-limbed animals such as monkeys, cows, and giraffes. [image: image] [image: image] [image: image] SIMILAR SKELETONS Sketch out the basic shape of the body; then add the details—ears, tail, and nose—that make the character unique. [image: image] FLAP-JAWED Big-nosed, dreamy Fido is a jowly, drooling good ol' boy. His floppy ears and outsized collar accentuate the goofiness of this harmless clown. [image: image] TRÉS CHIC Fido and Fifi share the same canine construction used to very different effects. Flirty, long-lashed eyes, a pert, pointed nose, and soft lines combine to make this poodle fetching and feminine, though still funny. On her, a dog collar becomes a chic necklace. [image: image] GRRRR! When Leo roars, his head angles back and stretches out to display his fearsome teeth, and his eyes screw up into a squinty line. The bulbous nose, big feet, and curvy, soft form of this king of beasts makes him appear silly and harmless in spite of his claws and sharp teeth. What Was That? Can you picture your characters turning in space? As Fido spins around to watch Jack Rabbit flash by, the soft folds of his jowls flap to the side. This is the "wave principle" in action. To envision how a character might look from different angles, take a plastic cartoon doll and notice how it looks as you angle it in different directions, from profile to three-quarter to full-face views. [image: image] © 1999, 2004, 2010, 2011 Walter Foster Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved. (Previously titled Starting Out in Cartooning). Walter Foster is a registered trademark. This book has been published to aid the aspiring artist. Reproduction of the work for study or finished art is permissible. Any art drawn or photomechanically reproduced from this publication for commercial purposes is forbidden without written consent from the publisher, Walter Foster Publishing, Inc. (HT269) Digital edition: 978-1-61059-840-8 Softcover edition: 978-1-56010-487-2 CONTENTS Getting Started Which Way? The Cute Crew Warm and Fuzzy The Human Touch Zany Is as Zany Does Crazy Characters Critter Crazy Get Real! Body Building Realistic Rover Dress 'Em Up Talking Toasters and Trees On the Go Location, Location, Location Creating a Model Sheet Location, Location, Location WHEN YOU DRAW CARTOONS, you are creating not just characters, but the whole world they live in as well. Chairs, street lamps, cuckoo clocks, convertibles, and fire hydrants are just a few of the props that pop up periodically. The artist designs props to heighten the mood and strengthen the story line of his cartoon. The choice of which props to use depends on whether it's a jungle saga or a big-city crime drama, whether it takes place in the future or the Stone Age, and whether or not it's intended to amuse, thrill, or chill. [image: image] PICTURE THIS Just a few details in the background are often enough to pin down a locale An oriental rug on the floor or a picture on the wall can flesh out an interior. Does your scene require a homey still life or something in a gilded frame? [image: image] IN THE DOGHOUSE A water bowl and bone help Prince feel his doghouse is his castle. The individual boards of the roof suggest the architect was a 10-year-old. [image: image] HOT WHEELS Cars can be long, lean limos or brawny RVs. This sporty little car has been stripped of distracting details. Maybe you'd like to do a little additional customizing. Hey, you're the boss. [image: image] HOUSING PROJECT Even houses can be designed to have a whimsical cartoon personality. Softening the lines of the roof and walls accentuate the warmth of this country cottage. [image: image] [image: image] ACCESSORIZE Subtle or not-so-subtle distortion adds personality to mundane objects. The fat forms of this dripping faucet accentuate its humor. This alarming clock stretches and squashes as it clangs away. Creating a Cartoon Story When deciding on props and backgrounds, have a clear idea of where the action is taking place and the type of props that should logically appear. Then select only the props that are essential. A desk, a phone, a wastebasket, and a framed diploma are enough to make an office. Don't muddle the scene with pens, files, and other junk if they don't add to the story. Don't confuse the viewer with clutter. [image: image] LET'S RELAX Okay, the work-out's over, and your cartoon hero could use a comfortable place to take a load off. The chair and lamp below are neat and respectable. But perhaps the style is a little more suited to Grandma. [image: image] PRETTY SHABBY With a few adjustments, the whole mood is altered drastically. Oops—too much! Now the style is "early haunted house." [image: image] SETTING THE STAGE This guy just needs the simple things in life. A comfy chair, a cold drink, and a best pal. Ahhh...perfecto! [image: image] WORK IT Let's say your main man needs some exercise. Have him take a hike. But, hey, it's raining. So put him on a treadmill. Give him some decent sweats and running shoes, maybe a bottle of water, and some headphones. With a few details you've suggested an environment. Feel the burn! Artist's Tip A chateau calls for different furnishings than a trailer park. Look through decorating magazines and books on antique furniture for ideas. Dress' Em Up AS A CARTOONIST, YOU ARE not only the casting director and author of your cartoons but the costume designer as well. Clothes make the man, as the saying goes, and you can get a lot of mileage out of the duds you choose for your "brainchildren." Add Some Definition Costume is very important in defining a character. For instance, pin a star on a hound and he's instantly perceived as a law dog. Add a cowboy hat and you've got a sheriff. Or draw a circle around the same hound's head to serve as a space helmet, and scatter a few stars in the background and Rover's in orbit! Play up aspects of dress that make it clear what kind of person this is at a glance. [image: image] PLAYING DRESS-UP The oversized shoes, hat, and hand-bag tell the viewer that this little bunny is dressed in Mama's clothes. Actions that are darling when real-life children do them are doubly so when done by cartoon animal kids. [image: image] KIDS WILL BE KIDS Using big props on little kids is a surefire way to elicit the "Aww .. . isn't that cute" response. Easy Does It Since you may have to draw the same character over and over, you need to keep the wardrobe fairly simple. Bib jeans, baseball caps, penny loafers, high-top sneakers, or a hair ribbon are simple elements that can give your characters individuality. Pockets, zippers, and buttons may be necessary in real life, but not in a cartoon. [image: image] QUITE A CREW These characters started out as round-headed figures with pear-shaped bodies. Their clothing design and little details such as teeth and nails came later. Remember, the basic anatomy is your first priority: You have to have the tree before you can trim it. Artist's Tip When creating characters for comic strips or cartoons, avoid detailed patterns (such as plaids) because they're too hard to draw more than once. Put a Lid on It If the cartoon character wears a hat, make it a funny one or a meaningful one—or both. Obviously, a football helmet, baseball cap, or chefs hat will identify your character's occupation or activity. But in a more subtle way, a playful propeller beanie, a weather-beaten ten-gallon hat, or a fur-lined cap give you distinct clues to a cartoon's personality. [image: image] The Clothes Make the Cartoon Remember that you are communicating visually. Your audience should understand your character's personality without reading a word. Certain articles of clothing can be very telling. A scientist's lab coat, a movie star's mink stole, a rebel's leather jacket, or a spy's trenchcoat each help identify your players and tell your story. [image: image] THINK "STEREOTYPE" This guy's Hawaiian shirt instantly pegs him as a typical tourist. Baggy Bermuda shorts revealing pencil-thin legs plus colossal feet corralled in beach sandals accentuate his obnoxious aura. Wardrobe! A change of apparel can totally alter your perception of a character. Here, our lady chameleon has been given four distinct changes of costume, makeup, and coiffure, radically altering her personality. Try this exercise on a cartoon of your own design. [image: image] IN BUSINESS You can just bet that our plain Jane here is wearing a pair of sensible shoes. [image: image] IN MOVIES Peek-a-boo hair and some white mink give starlet Jayne some real Hollywood glamour. [image: image] IN OUTER SPACE A space-age suit and gravity-defying hair make Jupiter Jane ready for blast-off. [image: image] IN "DE NILE" A serpentine head-dress and a little eyeliner turn plain Jane into a veritable Cleopatra. Realistic Rover THE DOGS, CATS, LIONS, TIGERS, and bears in illustrated cartoons must be rendered in a style consistent with their human counterparts, and they must be able to convey emotions. This is another area where photographic references will come in handy. The goal is to create the impression of muscles, bone, feathers, and fur realistic enough to be believable, yet stream-lined into cartoon shorthand. Facial features need to be humanized so they can then be exaggerated for effect. The emotions they express should be clear enough to leave no doubt whether they are bewitched, bothered, or merely bewildered. [image: image] [image: image] REALISTIC RENDERING I drew this first version of Misha directly from the photograph above, slightly simplifying some of the details, such as the mouth, forehead, and collar. However streamlined, this drawing is still solidly realistic—you expect a bark, not a voice bubble. [image: image] SEEING SPOTS Here Misha has been turned into a "realistic" cartoon, but she is far more cartoon than real. The structure of the body and the pattern of the fur have been stylized, and, in typical cartoon fashion, her face and feet have been enlarged for an easy "read." She's definitely still a dog, but her happy smile is distinctly human. [image: image] GOING TO TOWN We've gone one more step away from the photo, altering the position and shape of the ear, enlarging the nose, bugging out the eyes, and rubberizing the limbs. Although she is recognizable as a Dalmatian, Misha has become a full-fledged zany. Start with the Head Cartoon animals can be designed to combine anatomy and stylized expressions. Instead of a construction of simple shapes, try to suggest the underlying muscles and bones. Proportions are exaggerated, but they are grounded in reality. Photographic references can be helpful here as well. Start with a realistic representation, and then simplify the animal, emphasizing its actions and expressions. Then let your creative juices loose: the photo should be a guide and inspiration, not a straightjacket. [image: image] MY HERO This portrait of a German Shepherd is very germane—to the issue of humanization. Strong, noble features and an intelligent look make this guy a good candidate for a canine champion. [image: image] REALITY BITES If it weren't for the eyes and the nose, this would be a realistic drawing. The stare is decidedly cartoonish, though. Start with a large egg shape for the body to get the right width for the chest and rib cage. [image: image] TALL STORY As with the Dalmatian, the eyes and ears of this wistful giraffe are larger, and his facial expression is far more human than you'd see on the real McCoy. His hooves have also been enlarged, and the design of his coat simplified. Yet the result seems quite believably natural. [image: image] KITTY CORNER The tabby at right was drawn in a simplified but fairly straightforward way. She's just an ordinary cat—period. The fat cat below right is a tad cartoonier, with his cranky nature reflected by his angry smirk. The slinky, seated cat above has been slenderized and elongated—but her demeanor is still pure feline. Her arched brow and sly grin suggest a sophisticated city slicker. [image: image] [image: image] CAT TALES One moment purrfectly charming and the next rapaciously predatory, cats of all sizes have complex personalities that make them versatile actors in cartoons. They can be lovable pets or zanies, and their mysterious qualities make them well suited as heavies as well. The happy, household tabby, the hissing witch's sidekick, and the sinuous jungle denizen have all been immortalized in cartoons. [image: image] [image: image] WILD THINGS Jungle cats, such as this lioness, look a lot like their domesticated cousins, but they are more muscular and—with their powerful heads and large jaws—far more imposing. I followed the same procedure with these big cats: simplifying the shapes and emphasizing and enlarging the facial features. [image: image] About the Artist Jack Keely grew up in Binghamton, New York, where his interest in illustration and art began at a young age. He spent much of his childhood drawing from comic books and inventing his own characters. He credits his parents for encouraging and cultivating his skills and talents. Jack went on to obtain his B.S.A. in illustration at the Rhode Island School of Design and his M.F.A. in design at the Cranbrook Academy of Art. To share his knowledge with others, Jack taught at North Carolina State University's School of Design and Ohio University. He also worked as an advertising art director for six years. In 1994, he moved to Los Angeles to concentrate on freelance illustration. In addition to illustrating more than 20 popular children's books, Jack has been commissioned to create artwork for magazine articles, book covers, greeting cards, and shopping bags. His cartoon characters have been translated into plush toys, plastic figures, puppets, and rubber stamps. Jack currently resides in Los Angeles. Zany Is as Zany Does ZANY DRAWING IS THE EXTREME SPORT of cartooning. The zany character's mission is to look funny and do funny things. Everything about him is excessive. When he's scared, make him jump out of his skin—literally. Or make him melt into a puddle on a scorching hot day. He may be a loudmouth or a shrinking violet, a villain or a do-gooder. The zany character lives on the edge with life's volume at full blast, and he is usually one sandwich short of a picnic. [image: image] HELLO! Meet the typical, upstanding cartoon zany. He's a humanized animal with a pear-shaped body. He might be a dog, but I'm not really sure. Floppy ears would definitely make him canine. You could also change him into a fox by adding pointy ears and a full fluffy tail. A good basic zany like this can be customized in any direction you wish. [image: image] A HANDY GUY Our hero's arms and legs are like rubber hoses, and they can stretch for extreme action. Immense hands and feet render him clumsy and clownish, and white gloves make his hands stand out even more. Four-fingered hands are easier to draw than ones with five digits, they allow for a full range of motion, and they look funny to boot. Zany Expressions This loudmouth was drawn with an undersized cranium to show that it holds a small, if mischievous, mind. The lower part of his face is wide to accommodate a big mouth and a bulbous nose. His eyes are close together with beady pupils and eyelids that fly up in astonishment and scrunch down in anger Facial elasticity is the key since tremendous, rubbery features broadcast emotions quickly [image: image] Going Together Think out the logic behind your animal zanies. Are they all jungle animals or farmyard friends? It usually doesn't make sense to mix humans and dressed-up animals unless you have a reason—a bear family versus a hunter, for example. However, that rule—like all the other rules concerning cartoons—can be broken if you do so intentionally and not by accident. [image: image] STRETCHING IT Enormous google eyes, teardrop-shaped bodies, and goofy attitudes are among the elements that link this doofus dog and cat couple. Animal Wisecrackers Zany cartoons offer another golden opportunity for anthropomorphism (see anthropomorphism). If your character's a cop with hanging jowls like a bulldog, why not make him a real bulldog? If a tyrant is a bit of a pig, make him a real pig! A cow is a pretty funny-looking animal—so a cow in a cocktail dress can be even funnier. [image: image] A GROUPING 'EM Give your gang a consistent look. These characters have individual personalities, but since they're designed with a pear-shaped head and simple, rounded features, they work well as a group. [image: image] BIG BULLY The thuggish features of a big bulldog make for an ideal bully. Putting him in a uniform can be even funnier. The size relationships among characters can accent the action. Here the imposing stature of the cop makes his pugnacious stance even more intimidating to the poor little birdbrain. Artist's Tip Remember big versus small. The fast talking bird below wouldn't be nearly as effective if he were as big as the bulldog. Walter Foster Art Instruction Program How to Draw & Paint Series The titles in this classic Walter Foster series contain progressive visual demonstrations, expert advice, and simple written explanations that assist novice artists through the next stages of learning. In this series, professional artists tap into their experience to walk the reader through the artistic process step by step, from preparation work and preliminary sketches to special techniques and final details. Organized into six categories of instruction, these books provide insight into an array of media and subjects. [image: image] Artist's Library Series These titles offer both beginning and advanced artists the opportunity to expand their creativity, conquer technical obstacles, and explore new media. Written and illustrated by professional artists, the books in this series are ideal for anyone aspiring to reach a new level of expertise. They'll serve as useful tools that artists of all skill levels can refer to again and again. [image: image] Drawing Made Easy and Watercolor Made Easy Series Every aspiring artist should have the opportunity to experience the joy of learning to draw and paint without having to deal with intimidating, complicated lessons. The books in these series simplify even the most complex concepts, making it easy for the beginner to gain an in-depth understanding of pencil or watercolor. These enjoyable, informative guides will teach you all you need to know about tools and materials and demonstrate basic strokes and techniques. Then you'll discover a wealth of step-by-step projects, allowing you to put your newfound skills to work. [image: image] Walter Foster products are available at art and craft stores everywhere. For a full list of titles, visit our website at www.walterfoster.com. Walter Foster Publishing, Inc. 3 Wrigley, Suite A Irvine, CA 92618 Main Line 949/380-7510 Toll Free 800/426-0099 © Walter Foster Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved. [image: image] [image: image] Getting Started YOU DON'T NEED MUCH to get started in this racket. One famous cartoon character began his career as a doodle made with a felt-tip marker on a napkin. However, a few basic supplies will make life a lot easier for the budding cartoonist. The Basics For starters, you'll need a pencil for rough sketches, an eraser, some paper to draw on, and a pen or marker to ink in your final drawings. Which pencil? What kind of paper? Don't get stressed out worrying about what supplies to select. This isn't brain surgery or rocket science, and it doesn't really matter. It just depends on what you like to work with. That's right. You've got the ball, but here are a few general tips to steer you through the sea of supplies. [image: image] ERASER Fat, pink erasers like the ones on the ends of pencils leave crumbs all over the place. You'll need a kneaded eraser. It doesn't leave crumbs, and you can shape it into a point to get into small areas. You can also stretch it, squash it, and squeeze it into funny shapes while you're waiting for inspiration to strike. [image: image] A DRAWING PENCIL Pencils have different degrees of hardness. H pencils have hard leads, and B pencils have soft ones. An HB is somewhere in the middle, with a lead that is hard enough to keep a point and soft enough to shade with, making it a good pencil for sketching. Want more drama? 2B or 3B pencils have softer leads that allow you to make stronger lines. I suggest you use an HB pencil to sketch in guidelines and work out details on your cartoons. [image: image] ELECTRIC SHARPENER Oh sure, it's a luxury, and you can sharpen pencils by hand like the cavemen did (didn't they?), but an electric one gives you a great point and makes a satisfying noise. Ask Santa. [image: image] A DIP PEN I sometimes use an old-fashioned crow-quill pen with black India ink to make my cartoons extra expressive. These funky-looking pens come with many different nibs—from very fine tips to broad-edged, chisel points. (I recommend that you start off with a medium-point pen because it's the easiest one to use and the most versatile.) Dip just the point in the ink. Don't drown the pen. As you increase and decrease pressure on the pen, your line will become thicker and thinner. It takes time to master this pen, so start with some loose sketches. Think Ink Once you have perfected your drawing in pencil, you will want to ink it so that it will have rich, black lines. You have a lot of options depending on what type of line you are after, from ordinary felt-tip markers to crow-quill pens, fountain pens, and technical pens. Many cartoonists prefer a pen or a brush and black drawing ink. Try a variety of different inking tools, and see which ones you like best. [image: image] BRUSH The fluid lines of a brush and black ink can be delicate and precise or boldly dramatic, depending on the amount of pressure you use. A brush is also good for filling in large areas of black. Buy a good-quality brush at an art store. Cheap brushes won't keep a point and won't give you an eloquent line. [image: image] TECHNICAL PEN A technical pen offers you a lot of control. These pens come in a wide variety of points, enabling you to vary your line widths. The lines created are consistently even and precise, although they may look somewhat mechanical, without much "flair." Mechanical pens are fun to use if you like to do a lot of minute crosshatching or stippling. Study Up! The better video stores are packed with great samples of animation that will help you get your creative juices flowing. Check out some interesting experimental animation and some of the groundbreaking cartoons from the past—not just the latest hits. Did you know that every second you watch, there are 24 individual drawings that go by? Try making a few sketches of some frames. [image: image] Extra, Extra! As you progress, you'll find your collection of art supplies growing. You'll want an adjustable lamp to shed some light on your subject. And you'll be cutting up a lot of paper, so a good pair of scissors or an artist's razor knife are essential. Don't forget a drafting brush to whisk away eraser crumbs and other debris from your masterpiece—and a T-square and a couple of triangles will be invaluable if you decide to start laying out your own comic strips. Finally, drafting tape will hold your drawing securely in place on your desk or drafting board. [image: image] LIGHT IT A professional light box can be a big help in producing clean final art. Work out all of the details in your cartoon on tracing paper, and then tape the sketch to the light box with drafting tape. Place a piece of smooth-finish, heavy-weight paper over the sketch, turn on the light, and trace it in ink. Voila! Paper Training [image: image] Play around with different types of paper and drawing surfaces, and find out what suits you. Papers and illustration boards come with smooth surfaces and rough ones. The texture of the surface will affect the kinds of lines you can produce. You'll need a smooth surface for precise, clean lines, but rough paper may suit you if you're after a textured, arty effect. For generating a lot of ideas fast, the nice, smooth surface of white bond typing paper is great. To finesse a cartoon character, I like to use tracing paper. I sketch out a drawing, then slip it under another sheet of tracing paper and try it again. I'll change the expression, make the nose bigger, switch the pose around, or add a hat. I keep mucking around this way and that until it's just the way I want it. [image: image] TRACE IT If you prefer working on tracing paper but want your final cartoon to be on a thick paper stock, here's how you do it: First ink over your masterpiece on tracing paper, and then photocopy it onto card stock. You can even color it in with felt-tip markers for some additional pizzazz! Create a Collection of References As you go along, begin to establish your own reference library. In addition to books on cartooning, animation, and illustration, you'll find inspiration in clip art books, comic books, and humor magazines. A morgue, or clipping file, is also helpful. If you see a photo that might make a good reference or a cartoon card that makes you laugh, save it to spark your imagination on some rainy day. [image: image] Get Real! SUPERHERO STORIES, SCIENCE FICTION and fantasy tales combine elements of reality with humor and make-believe. A somewhat more realistic approach is often called for to make these yarns seem plausible. This is a little bit more complicated than other types of cartooning, because basic knowledge of anatomy and perspective is required. Some practice at life drawing can come in very handy. Head Start A good way to get started in this arena is by drawing faces—handsome faces, evil faces, scared faces, happy faces. Faces are a lot of fun to draw, and it's important to do them well, as cartooning relies heavily on closeups. Try using a photo-graph for reference. Study it for the basic pose, and trace or copy it. Animators often make a live action film, project each frame onto paper, and make a rough tracing. This is called rotoscoping. Simplify and stylize your photographic image to develop a cartoon character. [image: image] AN EYE FOR AN EYE Think of the eye as a ball that has a lid above and a pouch below. You see only part of it—never the full circle at one time. And with an icy stare, a startled look, or a sultry glance, the eyes can be a barometer of emotion. What you reveal depends on the shape of the lid and the arch of the brow. [image: image] Artist's Tip When drawing a caricature use a photo that shows your subject at close range. This way, you can see what feature to feature. [image: image] TRICK-OR-TREAT To draw this Halloween prankster in a pumpkin patch, I started with a formal shot of soccer-playin' Justin. I copied his arm holding the ball, then flopped it, morphing the soccer balls into pumpkins. Next I enlarged his features, changed his facial expression, and added a mask—and suddenly it's October! It's a Snap Cartoonists and illustrators often use photographs for reference, although often the final illustration looks very little like the reference photo. In fact, it probably shouldn't. The photo is just a point of departure. Photos can be a big help if you are trying to draw an egg-beater, a rhinoceros, or a tank, and you don't happen to have one handy. Or you may have to draw someone pitching a baseball, or screaming in horror, and find it hard to visualize. If so, a photo-graph can help you get the pose or expression right. [image: image] [image: image] A TROPIC FEVER I drew Katie in Kauai using a standard school photo to base the pose on. Then I elongated her neck and enlarged and stylized (simplified) her facial features. Finally, I added the tropical blooms as well as the suggestion of a breeze in her hair. Aloha! Making Headway Skulls are almost always about the same shape in real life. In cartoons, you can start out with a naturalistic oval as a guideline for drawing the head, or feel free to play with any other shape that strikes your fancy. [image: image] RECTANGLE Handsome Hank's head is a modified rectangle, emphasized the strong jawline to give him a rugged look. [image: image] KIDNEY BEAN A pointy bean-shape serves as a start for sour Uncle Otto. The downward curves accentuate his dour demeanor. [image: image] OVAL Barbara Bombshell started out as a soft oval. When drawing women, keep the shapes rounded and elastic. [image: image] HEROES Heroes in cartoons are usually conventionally attractive, with square jaws and strong cheekbones. A spiky haircut, a streak of white through a head of black hair, or a dramatic eyepatch can add individuality and hint at a darker side. Face Off Faces offer endless variety for the cartoonist. They can be angular and deeply furrowed or as round and soft as a water balloon. Eyes can be wide with wonder or narrowed in suspicion. A nose can be a baby button or strongly arched with flaring nostrils. Does your character deserve full lips or a mouth tightened into a thin line? The faces on this page suggest a variety of personalities. Is the harmless-looking old man a charming grandpa, or does his smile hide an evil secret? Does our villainess have no redeeming qualities—or was she unjustly wronged and now carries a grudge? That's the fun of melodrama! [image: image] [image: image] VILLAINS Arched brows over ice-cold eyes, lips curled in mockery, and a decidedly sharp sense of style often make villains appear more glamorous and dramatic than heroes. Remember that rounded forms are for softies. Sharp, jagged lines look far more dangerous. When drawing evil characters, such as Terrible Tony and Sinister Sydney here, emphasize strong facial structures, hard cheekbones, and severe expressions to make them look like lean and hungry scoundrels. [image: image] SOFT TOUCH He may not look like he could save the world, since this kindhearted fellow is anything but hard and heroic-looking. I drew the basic structure of the head and then filled out the lower half, obliterating the neck and leaving only a hint of a chin. Rounded curves under the eyes, full cheeks, and a simpering mouth add to the effect of softness. [image: image] Cartooning 1 Cartoons can charm. They can make you laugh. They can tell thrilling tales. And often, they do all three at the same time. What comes to mind when you think of cartooning? Comic strips and cartoons are only a few of the venues open to cartoonists. Cartoons also adorn and populate greeting cards, children's books, and advertisements. All you need to get started are a few books, some basic techniques, and a little imagination. In this book I will show you how you can create your own private universe and bring to life anything from a talking dog to a mutant from Mars. As you start on your way, you will be amazed at how easy it is to develop your own cartoon characters. And, once inspired, you'll enjoy the next book in this series, Cartooning 2—Jack Keely. [image: image] Body Building THE NEXT LOGICAL STEP after drawing faces is to tackle the whole darn figure. Taking a life drawing class can be very beneficial, but you can also just grab your sketchbook and park yourself on a park bench. Knock out quick sketches of kids playing, yuppies jogging, and dogwalkers dogwalking. Freewheeling gesture drawings (see below) done in a few seconds are a great way to get a feel for poses and anatomy. Good skills in drawing the human figure accurately will give you an excellent base from which to abstract and caricature. [image: image] HEADS UP The human body is measured in heads for artistic purposes. The ideal form is about 8 heads high. Cartoonists and fashion illustrators exaggerate this proportion frequently. Superheroes, monsters, and evil mutants are often 9 or more heads tall, giving them a massive, imposing appearance. Artist's Tip If you want a model who never gets tired, buy a poseable wooden mannequin at an art supply store. Move It Quick gesture drawings give you a sense of how the body moves in space. Start with a stick figure. This is the cartoon's skeleton, and it defines the pose and general proportions. The backbone is the line of action determining the stance and energy the figure will have. Remember that a backbone is flexible, and so is your pencil line. Depending on the curve you give, the figure can seem rigid with attention, curving and willowy, or drooping with exhaustion. Flesh it out with rounded shapes to suggest a large chest and small hips. Then reverse it, drawing the same stick figure, but with a small chest and large hips. Quite a change, huh? Better skip the candy bar today. [image: image] SIMPLY A MATTER OF BALANCE Your cartoon character may be out of whack, but to make it look convincing in action, its pose should be balanced. Working out the pose in a series of gesture drawings first will help you create stances that don't put your 'toon in danger of toppling over. Building Blocks The best way to do anything complicated is to divide the job into simpler stages. To build a house, you start with the foundation, then add the walls and roof. You wouldn't start with the roof and work your way down to the ground. To ensure that your finished drawing is not out of proportion (unless you want it to be), here are four simple stages you can use to create an illustrated cartoon character. [image: image] A STEP RIGHT UP Start out with your stick figure skeleton to get the basic pose and proportions. Think about the tilt and perspective of the body and head. [image: image] TAKING SHAPE Add rounded shapes to indicate the body mass, hips, chest, arms, and legs. Decide whether your character is thin, fat, or muscular. [image: image] RANCH DRESSING Rough in the hands, hair, features, and costume; then smooth out your lines. [image: image] GIRL HOWDY! Now complete the final drawing, adding as much detail as you want. You've deter-mined all the basics. Now on to the finished drawing. Have as much fun with detail as you want now. [image: image] PLAY AGAINST TYPE Superheroes are usually tall and heroic, but who's to say you can't create a hero who is short and slight? If so, pointed ears, a skintight space suit, and a flashy mask may be de rigueur. But what if your ideal hero turns out to be a mild-mannered cartoonist whose markers are really magic and whose power pencils can draw an escape hatch in a chamber of doom, or... Sorry, I got carried away. Handy Tips Hands can be a challenge. For realistic 'toons, you'll need to show all ten fingers, so practice now. (Try drawing the hands below.) Steel fists, feeble fingers, plump palms, gnarled knuckles—each hand here has a unique personality depending on which aspects are emphasized. [image: image] CARTOONING HOW TO DRAW & PAINT Discover the art of cartooning Jack Keely (with some help from Carson van Osten) invites you into the cartooning world and shows you how to create a variety of lovable characters—from a perky puppy to a personable toaster! In this book, the authors explain their drawing techniques, as well as their methods of developing a cartoon to its fullest. Moreover, you'll find a wealth of charming cartoon characters to inspire you. This book will be a welcome addition to any cartoonist's library! [image: image] [image: image] Learn the foundations of cartoon character construction, starting with just a few basic shapes. [image: image] Discover the importance of character . interaction and how to depict a variety of cartoon types. [image: image] Find special techniques to help you embellish your cartoons with effective props and backgrounds. [image: image] The Human Touch GIVING ANIMALS HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS (called anthropomorphism) allows us to use cute animals as stand-ins for people. These characters often wear clothes, drive cars, and live in houses. Their bodies becomes more human in proportion and yet retain some degree of animal identity. These animal kids are among the most popular cartoon characters. [image: image] CONSTRUCTING HANDS To give your cute animals human-like hands, start with a simple circle for the palm, and then draw three or four short, fat fingers. [image: image] KID PROPORTIONS Cute animal-people can be drawn with the same proportions as cute kids; both kittens here are 2-1/2 heads high. However, you don't always have to use the same drawing style to make your characters look young and cute. Here I've drawn the first kitten with button-eyed, graphic simplicity and I've given the second saucer-shaped eyes and a wide, white muzzle. [image: image] WAAAA! Draw a few zigzag lines and teardrop shapes to show that this little duckling is howling up a storm. The wide-open mouth makes his attitude readily apparent, although you can't see his eyes at all. Notice how taking a slight "worm's-eye" view helps heighten the intensity of the emotion. Hands Down On animal-people, paws become three- or four-fingered hands—small, pudgy, and cute. Keep the fingers short. For birds, make the feather fingers more tapered. Horses, pigs, and other animals with hooves present a challenge. You can draw hooves as gloved hands. Or draw them to look like hooves, but more flexible, like a hand inside a sock or mitten. Cute as a Bug in a Rug Insects are perennially popular cartoon creatures, and they pose unique design problems. How many legs do you draw? Do you give smiles and noses to bugs? What is the fashionable insect wearing this season? Stripes and polka dots are always "in," but it's up to you, pal. Our bee's a real honey. His big head and bug eyes follow the cute kid formula, but his body shape makes him suitably buggy. The demure ladybug's wings become a jacket, her cuff and hemline showing beneath. Her curlicue antennae are as feminine as a spit curl. [image: image] Typecasting From the brave lion to the sly fox, animals have been used to embody human traits in stories from Aesop's fables to the Saturday morning cartoons. You can effectively employ these stereotypes to allow people some immediate understanding of your character's personality. It's no surprise that the little owl to the right has his beak in a book, as everyone knows owls are wise. You can also get mileage out of turning stereotypes upside down by drawing a fearless mouse or a speedy turtle. Name that Stereotype This studious little guy personifies the "wise owl" stereotype: huge glasses, jacket and tie, and serious expression. Try drawing your interpretation of the animal stereotypes listed below, and see what you come up with. [image: image] • SLY FOX • BOOKWORM • FUNNY BUNNY • DUMB OX • LAZY DOG • BUSY BEE • GRACEFUL SWAN • STUBBORN MULE • GENTLE LAMB • PROUD PEACOCK • SLOW TURTLE Focus on Feet Keep the poses of your animal kids lively and energetic—even if they're standing still. Giving youngsters a toe-in or toe-out stance is appealing and keeps them from looking stiff and grown-up. Also, to avoid making bare feet look too humanlike, keep the number of toes to three or four—and skip the toenails! [image: image] [image: image] BEAR FOOTED Whether pigeon-toed and knock-kneed or impatiently tapping a foot, these bears do not stand on formality. Giving your bears bare feet is a cute alternative to drawing shoes—plus it makes the little guys seem vulnerable. Artist's Tip Details such as long ears and fluffy tails help identify an animal in people's clothing. [image: image] HAPPY HOPPER Bunny boy is drawn with kidlike proportions, outfit, and pose, but his padded feet remind you that he's really a rabbit in boy's clothing. [image: image] SHOE-IN Animal kids (or should I say, "kittens"?) sometimes wear shoes. Keep them simple, like the ones shown here. A lot of fussy detail with laces, heels, and so on is distracting. On the Go IF CARTOON ANIMALS CAN ACT LIKE PEOPLE, why not create cartoon vehicles that do so as well? Cars, boats, planes, and trains are popular characters in cartoons and children's books. They are colorful, have fun shapes, and have the ability to move around, giving the illusion of life. In addition, headlights, bumpers, and propellers often make them look as though they have faces. It's up to you to accentuate these features and turn your propeller plane into a pal. Car-Toons A grumbling old pickup truck? A jaunty jalopy? A sultry sports car? What personalities do the vehicles you see everyday suggest to you? The hard metal skin of an auto becomes soft and supple in a cartoon. Think of the vehicles you draw as being made out of very soft, pliable rubber rather than of steel. [image: image] TRAINS .. . Puffs of smoke get smaller as they fade into the distance, making this happy little engine appear to chug toward you. [image: image] PLANES .. . Vintage sports cars, small planes, and tug-boats are kind of round and puffy in the first place—perfect for cute and cuddly cartoon characters. Emphasize these aspects with softly curving lines. The front windows of this little jet easily translate into a pair of eyes. The biplane's propellers make a natural nose, and its wings and wheels suggest arms and legs. [image: image] [image: image] . . .AND AUTOMOBILES A car is made up of hundreds of parts, but you don't need to doodle all of them. Here only the elements that define the identity and amplify the personality of the spunky hot rod above and silky sports car below are used. Edit out as many extra details as possible. Remember, simplify, simplify, simplify! [image: image] The Cute Crew THE CUTIES IN THESE CARTOONS often have infant proportions—big heads; small, pear-shaped bodies; and chubby arms and legs. The faces are wide-eyed with high foreheads, and somewhat shy in appearance, and the nose is always small. Cute characters often have swayed backs, protruding tummies and fannies, and almost no neck—if they have one at all! Tiny feet look cute on kids, and oversized paws make a kitten or puppy adorable. Look at the common characteristics in the cartoons on these pages, and notice how "round" they appear. Overall, they charm us with their innocence. Artist's Tip A graphic, stylized cartoon technique works well for adversting and trade marks, where you need a fast read and wont't need to create a lot of varying emotions. [image: image] CURIOUSER AND CURIOUSER The little nature lover below has his hands resting on his knees in a childlike manner as he bends over to greet a new friend. Bright Eyes Little kids' eyes are large in relation to their faces. Cartoonists capitalize on this fact, and it's standard practice to draw innocent characters with big, round peepers. Large, round eyes "read" well on the page because they are very expressive, You can create a variety of expressions by rotating the irises from side to side or raising and lowering the eyelid. [image: image] [image: image] BABY FACE The basic formula for designing a cute expression is to locate the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth in the lower half of the face. Also, make the eyes large, round, and trusting, and space them wide apart. [image: image] SIZE COUNTS Cartoon characters are measured in heads. Cute characters' heads are very large in proportion to their bodies. The little tykes above were drawn three heads high. [image: image] ENCHANTING EXTRAS This is a pencil sketch in which I started out rough and recopied with tracing paper several times until I arrived at the finished drawing. Notice how the tip of the tongue sticking out adds to the "cute" quotient. Stretch and Squash By stretching the face and making it taller; you can create a surprised or frightened look. Squashing the head down accentuates a pout or angry expression. This approach becomes even more exaggerated when drawing zany characters (see page 12). [image: image] Cute Expressions The faces of the cuties can display a wide range of emotion. A few lines can quickly render a cranky pout, a look of wide-eyed wonder, or a happy grin. But don't overdo the details! Deeply furrowed brows and gnashing teeth are inappropriate here. It's simplicity that gives these babes their charm. [image: image] A PLAYTIME Little kids shouldn't look as stiff as Wall Street bankers. Children twist, squirm, jump, and gyrate. Expressive body language helps tell the story. Sailor Sally's outstretched hands make it clear that she's just sent her sailboat on its maiden voyage [image: image] IMAGINATIVE CHARACTERS The cute approach often works well for fantasy cartoons. Just adding a set of wings or a pair of baby-sized, pointed ears can quickly transform the kid next door into an angel, a leprechaun, fairy, or elf. [image: image] SIMPLY CHARMING This ice cream lover shows a more stylized method of drawing a cute character. She has also been drawn with more extreme proportions—the head is as big as the body, and giving her an oversized hand draws attention to the enormous ice-cream cone. Her facial features, hair, and clothing are simple and graphic, making her as cute as pie. [image: image] WHO'S GOT THE BUTTON? This curious cutie has small, button eyes, which can be very effective for creating a cute expression in a simple, graphic-style drawing like this. Crazy Characters SPEND AN HOUR ON A PARK BENCH and watch the passing parade with a sketchbook. Bespectacled computer nerds, bleached blondes teetering on stiletto heels, red-faced brats, and business-suited blimps will quickly fill your pages. By emphasizing the characteristics your fellow humans display, you'll find that you have a wealth of satiric material to work with. Exaggeration and simplification are the keys. A receding hairline becomes a shiny dome, dreamy eyes are as large as saucers, and a smattering of freckles becomes five or six polka dots. [image: image] FOCUS ON FACES Sometimes less is more. All three of these expressive faces have been stripped down to the fewest details necessary—and what's left has been tailored to illuminate each one's individuality. [image: image] SUITS ME Take your character one more step. Give him a body and appropriate clothing. A simple character doesn't need a fussy out-fit—especially if he's out for a jog, like the guy above. And a simple doughnut shape is enough to suggest a turtleneck sweater for our dog lover. All you need is the silhouette of a heel to give the impression of trousers and shoes without drawing them at all! The Nose Knows Here's a good way to spark some ideas. Quickly sketch a variety of possible cartoon head shapes. Pear and sausage shapes make good skulls for cartoon zanies. Then stick a wacky nose on each of the heads. For some reason, all the funny nose shapes start with the letter "B"—bean, ball, balloon, and banana! Now, what comes to mind? A warty witch? A silly sailor? [image: image] [image: image] SCARY PAIR The "nagging wife" provides a perfect opportunity for exaggeration in a cartoon. The extreme angle of Screaming Mimi's body combined with her contorted face gives added force to her foghorn yell. Long locks, scraggly beard, and hairy arms give beefy Biker Bob the requisite woolly-boolly look. Getting a Graphic Start These drawings have been created using as few lines as possible. Notice what is missing in these drawings. Insignificant details have been omitted. Positive and negative areas can be used to great effect in black and white cartoons. The dark shape of a vest or jacket gives weight and anchors the drawing. This can be particularly effective when contrasted with a thin, whimsical line. [image: image] GO PICASSO The design of comic characters can be influenced by abstract art. Why not put both eyes on the same side of the head? Have the nose face east and the toes face west. Feel free to be as wacky as you "wanna" be. Talking Toasters and Trees AN ANIMATED CARTOON MAY FEATURE props such as an old sputtering jalopy, an obnoxious alarm clock, or a whistling teakettle brimming with personality. The props in your cartoons can also become players in the plot. For example, a steam engine may smoke, rattle, and jump around like a bucking bronco—and still be just a train in cartoon terms. Sometimes an object becomes enchanted, or simply develops a life of its own. As a result, a magic lamp might display a face, a voice, and the ability to move, truly becoming a character in the story—and, occasionally, the hero. Household Hints Telephones, mustard jars, radios, dishwashers, and other household objects can be drawn with lots of bounce and style. As with human characters—exaggerate and simplify! Too much detail bores the viewer and makes the picture needlessly complicated. You may choose to forget about adding limbs and hands when giving personality to inanimate objects. You can play off of what's there already, allowing table legs to dance or the cord of an appliance to become as agile as a monkey's tail. [image: image] BRANCH OUT This sour apple tree's bark is worse than its bite. Tree branches often look like noses, arms, and fingers. The knotholes and lumps in tree bark can suggest cheeks, eyes, and mouths. Why not see what kind of personality you can craft for a weeping willow or a quaking aspen? [image: image] HI-JACK A jack-o-lantern is sort of an outlandish subject to start with, making it great fun to cartoon. [image: image] APPLIANCES WITH ATTITUDE With a wave of your magic pencil, you can bring any inanimate object to life. Frequently, a face is all that's needed to wake up a vacuum cleaner or add a little "pop!" to a person-able toaster. [image: image] [image: image] WALLFLOWER The slender stem and delicate leaves provide Flora with a bendable torso and expressive arms, and the flower pot echoes a skirt. She is fully humanized, even though the only real fantasy element I've added is her face. [image: image] PICK A PERSONALITY French-roasted coffee has gone to this percolator's head, and he now wears his lid as a jaunty beret. It's fun to play off the personalities that different objects suggest. For example, does the sugar bowl have a sweet tooth? Or does the pepper mill make the salt shaker sneeze? Warm and Fuzzy THESE HUGGABLE BUNDLES of fur and feathers follow the same guidelines as those for cute children. Cute cartoon animals are often slightly anthropomorphized, meaning they've been given certain human characteristics. Often the dark button eyes of animals are replaced with human-style eyes and eyelashes, and, occasionally, eyebrows. In addition, their mouths are frequently curved into an appealing smile. These cute critters are just begging to be picked up and petted. [image: image] CREATING A FULL FIGURE To construct a cute little animal, such as the pup, start with a body shaped like a plump bean. Add a circle for the head that has just about the same volume as the body. [image: image] NOTHING TO BE AFRAID OF Tiny creatures with bright eyes and paws like hands, mice are among the most appealing cartoon animals. [image: image] BEGGING TO BE LOVED The wagging tail and little tongue make this smiling pup look even happier. [image: image] PUTTING IT IN PROPORTION The design of the cute animal face is the same as the one for the cute kid face. Locate the eyes, nose, and mouth in the lower half. The eyes are large and round. Chubby cheeks overlap the eyes. Small Wonders The basic cute construction is a combination of circles, ovals, and rounded "friendly" shapes. (Save sharp angles for a wicked witch!) As you can see here, almost any animal you can think of can be cute and friendly when drawn with this design formula. Then put it in action. The little animals on these pages are animated and lively, reflecting the actions of real baby animals. Making quick sketches from life of your own pets, zoo animals, or squirrels in the park will help you get a feeling for how animals move. [image: image] BODY LANGUAGE This cuddly bunny looks up, emphasizing her small size and fragility. The tilt of the head and the springy stance add to the appeal. [image: image] THE LOOK This wise quacker gives an engaging, sidelong glance. [image: image] PLAYFUL AS A KITTEN Notice the childlike proportions of this adorable kitten. The huge eyes give it an innocent expression. [image: image] REAL DETAILS The turtle's wrinkled knees and beaky face are realistic details that make this slowpoke believable. [image: image] VARIATIONS ON A THEME Bunnies, squirrels, and chipmunks are drawn following the same formula, but bunnies have slightly larger cheeks and narrower foreheads. A bunny's eyes are set a little higher but they still rest on the cheeks. A little suggestion of oversized front teeth adds to this character's appeal. [image: image] [image: image] THE CUTE TREATMENT Fido's finny friends have been "cutified" with human eyes and chubby cheeks. The rounded lips are suitably fishy without sacrificing a smile. [image: image] MAKE 'EM MOVE Fido does a dog paddle. Notice that he's made entirely of curved lines. Try to give action poses a rounded, fluid look. No hard edges for these guys. Artist's Tip When drawing "cute" characters, and details to a minimum. About Face You can start with a simple, ball-shaped head and spin off in many directions. Here we've started with a babyish head and a pair of round eyes and created a variety of cute animals by changing the ears, nose, and mouth. Add a tuft of hair, eyelashes, or maybe some whiskers to finish your cartoon animal. [image: image] Start with a basic head shape based on a circle with chubby cheeks. [image: image] Down-turned eyebrows and mouth let you know this pup's in a cranky mood. [image: image] A softer jaw line, plumper cheeks, and rounder nose are appropriate for a pig. [image: image] The kitten's mouth points up in the center, and its little nose points down. More than 88 years ago, Walter Foster—a well-known artist, instructor, and collector—began producing self-help art instruction books from his home in Laguna Beach, California. He originally wrote, illustrated, printed, bound, packaged, shipped, and distributed them himself. Although Walter passed away in 1981 at the age of 90, his legacy continues in a growing product line. Walter Foster Publishing now provides how-to books and kits to millions of enthusiastic artists worldwide who enjoy the rewards of learning to draw and paint. People who have never before picked up a paintbrush or drawing pencil have discovered their artistic talents through his easy-to-follow instruction books. [image: image] We are dedicated to preserving the high standards and superb quality you expect from our products. We believe artists are eager to learn, sharpen their skills, and experience new artistic horizons. Our mission is to provide the tools to accomplish those goals—we offer step-by-step books and kits that are accessible, entertaining, affordable, and informative. Whether this book is your first experience with us or the continuation of a long-term relationship with our products, we are sure that this title in our How to Draw & Paint series will delight you. Whatever your artistic ambitions may be, we wish you good luck and success and we hope that you always have fun in the process. Theodore Bear Model Sheet WHEN YOU HAVE A CHARACTER you really like and plan to draw a lot, put together a model sheet like the one shown here. A model sheet is a group of drawings of a character in a variety of poses and expressions and from a bunch of different angles. This is where cartoonists pin down the details of body construction and costume, as well as the facial expressions that reveal the intended personality. This will help you (and your team of assistants) keep your character consistent from one drawing to the next. MODEL CITIZEN When developing a model sheet of your original character, try to include all of its different poses and expressions—walking and talking, twisting and turning, winking and blinking. Remember, you are the creator, so you get to make all the decisions. Have fun with it! [image: image] [image: image] [image: image] [image: image] [image: image] [image: image]


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Sunday, April 21, 2019 / by Kimo Quance
Why Timing the Market is a Fruitless Efford
Photo by Breno Assis on Unsplash
Investing in real estate works like investing in anything else. You need to buy low and sell high if you are going to profit. The tricky part is being able to predict when the markets will be at their lowest. This is a difficult task for even the most seasoned investors.
That being said, there are always signs that prices of real estate are trending lower or higher any at given time. The hard part is determining when those trends are going to reverse.
Making things even more difficult is determining where you get your information and who to believe. Understand that the majority of what you see in the real estate and financial media space is useless information. These media properties, including newsletters, cable programs, and videos, are meant to capitalize on either fear or greed.
Instead, take the time to find the raw data on your local markets, and perform the analysis yours ...

subset: commoncrawl


text: the sims 4 23. Don't You Love Me Baby? The house guests have left and Maxwell is asking Bjorn about the events that have just occurred. "Argh, what am I going to do to come back from this? Mackay got really pissed." Bjorn muses, "I don't know... I think you can fix it all pretty easily." Maxwell frets, "But we never fight, not like this, he's convinced I've been lying to him." Bjorn replies, "Maybe not lying, possibly being deceptive? But tbrith April 15 0


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|Pulkit Singhal <pulkitsing...@gmail.com>
|Combining Counter and While Controller
|Mon, 19 Mar 2012 17:10:10 GMT
1) The data that I need to access is present in JMeterProperties (comes from a different thread group - consecutive excution): upcArray_1 = 012934023423 ... upcArray_10 = 342034234233 Therefore the foreach controller does not work for me as it tries to find the prefix (upcArray) in the JMeterVariables which is not the right place to look for it. 2) So I am attempting to add a counter as the child of the while controller to let me loop through the data in the JMeterProperties: WHILE CONTROLLER Condition: ${__javaScript(${upcCounter}<=${__P(upcTotal)})} CHILD COUNTER Start: 1 Increment: 1 Reference Name: upcCounter Track Counter Independently for each user - YES 3) But it counts 1 then 2 and then its stops! It doesn't go all the way up to 10 ... what am I doing wrong here?
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Redesigned asiafoundation.org Highlights Local Knowledge and Impact
San Francisco, May 6, 2016 — The Asia Foundation today launched its newly redesigned website (asiafoundation.org), with a clean new look and enhanced navigation experience. The new website reflects the San Francisco-based nonprofit international development organization's efforts to rapidly respond to complex political, economic, and social issues in developing Asia and deliver development programs that meet local needs.
The Asia Foundation is committed to improving lives across a dynamic and developing Asia through a network of offices in 18 Asian countries and in Washington, DC. The previous version of asiafoundation.org saw approximately half of its website visitors coming from Asia, with the In Asia blog and careers as two of the most popular areas of the site. Building on this, the new website will continue to highlight the Foundation's local knowledge and engage public and private sector audiences on critical development issues facing the region in the 21st century.
The new asiafoundation.org shines a light on the Foundation's talented staff, strong in-country and regional partnerships, and transformative programs in the most populous and rapidly changing region of the world. The site is now content-optimized featuring stories from the field and dynamic content. Other simpler, more responsive site functionalities include:
- better use of Asia Foundation's incredible library of photos;
- reorganized with simpler navigation to better demonstrate impact;
- improved typography to make the site easier to read;
- adapted to mobile devices for a rich viewing experience whether on a desktop or a mobile phone or tablet; and
- over the coming week, will be deployed on over 50 servers worldwide promising faster load times internationally.
Also highlighted on the new site are the organization's goals, strategies, and impacts from its dialogues, programs, and strategic partnerships across Asia. The upcoming TAF2020 Strategic Plan and 2015 Annual Report will provide additional strategies and stories on Asia Foundation's longstanding commitment to Asian progress and inclusive development.
For the past 62 years, The Asia Foundation has made sustained investments throughout Asia to strengthen governance, empower women, expand economic opportunity, increase environmental resilience, and promote regional cooperation. In 2015, the Foundation provided more than $95 million in direct program support and distributed textbooks and other educational materials valued at over $10 million.
Read more about the Foundation's work. Engage with us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.
Read our latest news, or insights from our blog.
Media contacts
Amy Ovalle, Vice President, Global Communications
Eelynn Sim, Director, Media & Strategy
The Book Effect Revealed in Thomson Reuters Op-Ed
April 19, 2019
Media Coverage
2019 Asia Foundation Development Fellows Meet in Korea and Indonesia
Seoul, Korea
April 16, 2019
Let's Read Dismantles Barriers to Literacy by Uniting Technology and Local Communities in Asia's Free Digital Library for Children
San Francisco
April 15, 2019
Watching and Waiting: Indonesia's Upcoming Elections
April 10, 2019
Decentralizing Power: The Role of State and Region Governments in Myanmar's Energy Sector
April 5, 2019
Devex Spotlights The Asia Foundation and DFAT Partner Programs
April 5, 2019
Media Coverage
2019 Lotus Leadership Awards Dinner
Wednesday May 29, 2019, San Francisco
Honoring Jennifer Cabalquinto, CFO of the Golden State Warriors, and Lana Condor, Actor and Philanthropist
2019 Lotus Leadership Awards Gala
Wednesday, May 29, 2019, San Francisco


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Become a proofreader. All kinds of businesses hire professional proofreaders to look over their copy and content for errors before they publish. This side hustle is one that could work for nearly anyone since you can work from home provided you have a computer and an internet connection. You can find online proofreading jobs through websites like Indeed.com and FlexJobs.com
Many work-at-home companies hire you as an independent contractor as opposed to an employee. That means you are responsible for submitting your own tax payments. Taxes won't be taken out of your check like you are probably used to. It's so important that you keep good records of your income – and expenses. I highly recommend Quickbooks Self-Employed.
Commercial use requires 'releases' - editorial use doesn't. Stock photos can be sold for commercial (eg, marketing) or editorial (ie, journalistic) use. You'll have more opportunities to make cash if your photos are available for both, but photos containing people or property (including branding and logos) need signed releases to be sold commercially.
This is something like Experts Exchange, except that it's more general in nature. As a professional in just about any field, you can offer your expertise on JustAnswer. They are looking for professionals in various fields who will provide answers to reader's questions. You can make money online by answering these questions and pointing people in the right direction to get the solutions that they need.
Creating your own food blog, will not only be fun but done well it should also be profitable. Link your site to affiliate cooking products, sell your food photos, create and sell your own physical cookbook, or launch a cooking app. Equally, you could turn your cooking blog into a membership site. You would then share all your content, including recipes, how to videos, food photographs, and much more, with only your paid up members.
Alibaba is a Chinese eCommerce store that matches Chinese suppliers with buyers all over the world. Prices are extremely cheap, providing the possibility of large profits. However, with the potential profits comes more risk. As you are dealing with suppliers in China, if the quality of the product that arrives isn't up to standard there is little that you can do about it.
Mechanical Turk is Amazon's take on micro-jobs. These are small miniscule-jobs that you can do for other people, which they call HITs, or Human Intelligence Tasks. These are super simple tasks that anyone can do. Some examples are listing off some URLs with certain kinds of images for one cent, or recording a few phrases with a microphone for 6 cents.
The larger the company, the more requirements and prerequisites they likely have in place. That's not necessarily a bad thing. Even though you may need a newer computer, they may be offer health insurance and a full-time schedule. There's always a trade-off. Know that more scheduling freedom and flexibility and less management oversight may mean lesser pay or no benefits.
Clearly, there's a lot of demand on Amazon, and if any product is going to sell, it's going to sell well on Amazon. But the goal here is to source the right products that will easily sell at the world's largest online retailer. Generally, products between $10 and $50 sell very well here. Just be sure to do the right market research before jumping on this bandwagon.
You'll also need ecommerce software, fulfillment software, worry about warehousing, customer service and refunds. But that's not all. You'll also need traffic. Think search engine optimization, Facebook ads, and other social media campaigns. It is hard work, especially on your own. You could opt for Amazon's platform, which might be the easier route. But, then again, at the end of the day, this is a serious business, which could produce significant profits. So you're either all in or you're not.
Become a virtual assistant. Virtual assistants perform a wide range of services for their clients, all of which can be completed online. Depending on the day, they may open and reply to emails, schedule online work or blog posts, write mock-up letters and proposals, or perform data entry. You can look for virtual assistant jobs on sites like UpWork.com and Problogger.net.
Get paid to search the Web. Sites like Swagbucks.com and Zoombucks.com will pay you to use their online interface to search the web. To qualify, you need to be willing to download their search bar and use it for everyday Internet use. The only caveat that comes with this "gig" is that you might be paid in gift cards instead of cash. If you can parlay those gift cards into items you need to buy anyway – like groceries or gas – searching online can be a lucrative way to spend your free time.
There's an excellent chance that you have one or several musical instruments sitting in storage that haven't been used in years. Perhaps it's a leftover from when you were in school, or even from your days playing in a band. Whatever the reason that you have it, it's probably worth money if you can sell it. Brand-new instruments are ridiculously expensive, so people often look to buy used equipment instead, particularly if they are novices.
Another flexible non-phone option in the educational field is test scoring. There are a few reputable companies that do hire home-based workers to score everything from standardized tests to essays. Before you apply, you should know that ETS and Pearson (listed below) do require that you have certain qualifications and/or past teaching experience before they'll let you become a scorer. WriteScore on the other hand requires just a two-year college degree.
Amazon Mechanical Turk is a service that lets you make money online through doing paid microtasks. Each task is something simple that requires human interaction like rating search results, checking for the right spelling on search terms, categorizing the tone of an article, or even basic translating. You can do these tasks from anywhere you want and make money online from the world's largest e-retailer.
If you have your own eCommerce store, social media is the perfect platform to showcase your products. Demonstrate your products in use and tell your social following why they need to buy your merchandise. Most social media channels allow you to add 'buy' buttons your pages, allowing your followers to easily click through to your site and make a purchase.
Once you've gathered a list, put together a template outreach email (as you'll be doing this over and over) that's short and clear with expectations. Tell your potential interviewee who you are, what your podcast is about, and what you're asking of them. Do a few test interviews with friends and family to make sure everything is being recorded at the quality you want and then book your first episode.
To avoid any confusion, I want to make it clear first that virtual assistant work is not always non-phone, but it can be. Virtual assistants tend to do a little bit of everything, just depending on their skills/expertise. So if you are good at various non-phone tasks (social media marketing/moderation, writing, graphic design, research etc.), then you may be able to do work for some of the companies below putting those non-phone skills to work.
29. Videos – This could be an entire section on it's own. Many people have made money by creating YouTube videos. Evan of EvanTube is a kid and he has made millions by creating reviews of products that other kids his age would use. It's not easy to get views into the millions, but once you do, you'll start seeing some cash come in. Many bloggers have completely turned to videos to get their point across by starting a video blog.
Creating and selling courses on your blog can be a successful way to make money online. The course itself should be relevant to your blog, and based on a topic that will benefit your audience. Although it may take time to create the course in the first instance, once completed, you can then repeatedly make money from the course each time you sell it.
Once you've gathered a list, put together a template outreach email (as you'll be doing this over and over) that's short and clear with expectations. Tell your potential interviewee who you are, what your podcast is about, and what you're asking of them. Do a few test interviews with friends and family to make sure everything is being recorded at the quality you want and then book your first episode.
What is the pay like? It depends on your program and the amount of time you work. We offer work schedules that pay at a Per-Minute Rate, Worktime Rate, Per-Call or Guaranteed Hourly Rate. And, if your total earnings end up being less than minimum wage, your compensation will be bumped up to meet local minimum wage requirements on a weekly basis. On average, Alorica Work-at-Home agents make between minimum wage and $10/hr.
Blogging can be a great side hustle. Though the income may not be steady and it can take awhile to get rolling, there are a few steps you can take to ensure success. I would recommend that before you start thinking about money, you start thinking about the topics you are truly passionate about. What can you talk about and learn about for days? That's exactly what you'll be doing for years to come, after all. Get some more tips on starting a blog here: How to Start a Blog and Make Money in 7 Steps
Rather than making money through subscriptions, YouTube channels are based on a traditional advertising system. Meaning the more viewers you get, the more you make. Once you're approved for the YouTube Partner Program and can start including ads on your videos, with every 1,000 views, you will make approximately $2-$4. Which might not seem like a lot, but if you have 100 videos with 5,000 views a month each, that would be $1,000–$2,000 already. Just imagine if your videos start hitting millions of views!
Many businesses are in need of someone to design their logos, websites or visual ads. If you have a degree or certification in this area, you can make a comfortable salary annually (reportedly $45,000 and up). The more skilled you are, the more clients you'll likely get through word of mouth. Here's a guide on how to build a website that can help you get started.
Find an audience for your passion or hobby and you're all set to make money online doing something you love via a niche website. That of course, is easier said than done. Creating a profitable niche website takes time and is not intended for the faint of heart. But, if you can hurdle the steep challenges and positively answer a few key questions on whether the website business idea you're thinking about is profitable, then you can begin building it and eventually monetize through advertising, affiliates, or other relevant products.
Dating sites and apps are extremely popular and have become more and more niche as the industry develops. They can also be very profitable, as there are many ways to monetize them. You can charge a joining fee, provide premium subscriptions, or make money from advertising on your site. White Label Dating provides a pre-built dating platform for your project. You simply choose the niche and branding for your new dating site. Once your website goes live, you just need to promote it, manage the users, and collect the earnings.
Become an Amazon Associate and then use Keyword planner to find an in-demand niche: With more than a million different products to choose from and up to 10% commission the sales you drive, Amazon's affiliate program is a great place to get started. Browse their available products and see what connects with you. Or take it a step further and use Google's Keyword Planner to quickly check how many people are searching for a specific term. With affiliate marketing, the more relevant traffic you can pull in, the more you'll make off your site.
Our first overlooked opportunity is selling your knowledge. In this instance, we are talking about creating a course or eBook that you can make available for purchasing online. Because of the automation available today, you may be able to put in the work once when creating your packaged information and then enjoy those checks coming in for months or years to come.
Believe it or not, you don't have to be a CPA to start bookkeeping. Just sign up for a bookkeeping course at a community college or even online (such as this course from The Accounting Coach). Once you complete a course, you can start earning, and the median salary is reportedly $34,000. (Some stay-at-home bookkeepers I've spoken with personally make more than $70,000.)
2. InboxDollars – InboxDollars is similar to Swagbucks, since you're going to be taking surveys, shopping, etc., so if you want to maximize your return, sign up with both websites. They also offer a search engine that pays you (like Swagbucks) and you get $5 just for signing up. I won't continue to list survey sites one after another down the list, but if you want to get paid to take surveys, also check out GlobalTestMarket, E-Poll Surveys and Survey Club.
If you're a skilled worker in a specific niche, like marketing, design, or software development, there are specialty marketplaces that cater just to you. These are amazing places to make money online as you know that the people visiting them are looking specifically for the skills you have. Check out places like 99Designs or Dribbble for designers, Cloudpeeps for marketing and SEO professionals, and TopTal, Crew, or Gigster for high-level software developers. Once you've built up your development skills, you can begin building a brand for yourself as a higher-value consultant and start charging brands for larger projects like implementing an entire WordPress security overhaul or migrating a website from http to https.
How many email newsletters are you bombarded with every single day? There's a reason for that. Marketing to an actively interested group of email subscribers is one of the best ways to make money online. There have even been million-dollar businesses built from simple email newsletters like TheSkimm, or Mister Spoils. Each newsletter targets a specific type of user with interesting, daily content, while also partnering with relevant companies and affiliates to bring in extra money. If this seems daunting, it's not. Tools like MailChimp, ConvertKit and AWeber make it easier than ever to get started with email marketing. And another great option to consider (with the largest free plan available) is SendPulse, with their ability to send up to 15,000 emails per month to 2,500 subscribers, and then affordable plans starting at under $10/month as you grow from there.
If you have nothing of value to sell from home then retail arbitrage might be a better option for you. Many people partake in arbitrage to earn a little extra money, and for some, it has even become their full-time job. Retail arbitrage is the buying of goods at a low price and then selling them on a different platform at a higher price. Sales in shops provide ideal opportunities to pick up products for next to nothing. These can then be sold on eBay or Amazon for higher amounts, making you a nice profit.
Be professional. When you submit a résumé, don't type it in ALL CAPS and please don't avoid the caps lock like the plague. Know how to use it without looking incompetent. Write in complete sentences with proper grammar. Of course, there will be exceptions, but even with the exceptions, you must keep it professional. You're building their view of you.
If you've got a way with words and expertise in a niche, there are plenty of sites that will pay for articles and content you write. Think of the sites you read regularly. What can you contribute to them that would be interesting? Research your niche and then look for ways to pitch articles. Many sites will simply have a submission or contact link in the footer. To get started, check out my full guide to becoming a freelance writer on the side and then submit your articles to places like Instash, Listverse, TopTenz, A List Apart, International Living, FundsforWriters, and Textbroker.
How to Get It:If you shot the video with your phone, open the YouTube app and hit "send." If you're uploading from a computer, visit YouTube, and click the "upload" button in the upper right corner of the screen. You'll see a place to drag your video file. To enroll in the partner program, click on YouTube settings, check the circle next to "Allow Advertisements," then click on "View Additional Features." On the YouTube monetization page, opt in. Generally, you must earn a minimum before you get paid, and YouTube pays monthly — if you don't earn enough in one month, the balance rolls over.
Ebay is a bellwether. It's been around since nearly the start of the online boom. But, like any other platform, success can seem fleeting if you don't know what you're doing. Selling items on eBay, professionally that is, can be an art form. Getting people interested in your auctions isn't always easy, especially when there's hefty competition and low demand for what you're selling.
Again, if your blog has a large reader base, then businesses may be interested in paying you to review their services or products. Not only will you get a free trial using whatever these businesses are selling, but you will also get a fee for writing them a review and posting it to your site. Paid reviews (and other paid and sponsored content) can be big money, so advertise this service on your contact page to generate business.
Please note that some of the links below are affiliate links and at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission. Know that I only recommend products, tools and learning resources I've personally used and believe are genuinely helpful, not because of the small commissions I make if you decide to purchase them. Most of all, I would never advocate for buying something that you can't afford or that you're not yet ready to implement.
The larger the company, the more requirements and prerequisites they likely have in place. That's not necessarily a bad thing. Even though you may need a newer computer, they may be offer health insurance and a full-time schedule. There's always a trade-off. Know that more scheduling freedom and flexibility and less management oversight may mean lesser pay or no benefits.
When creating a membership site, always offer different plans and pricing tiers to appeal to your different categories of audience. Access to specific types of content is then dependent on the plan selected by a member. Membership fees can be a one-off payment or a repeat subscription. And you can even sell products on your membership site to boost your income.
Set up the site. Choose a website building platform, such as WordPress, Joomla or Drupal. Next, choose a domain name and web hosting for your site. The domain name is your web address. Web hosting is a service that connects your site to the internet. Once you have your domain name and web hosting, go to the control panel of your hosting account and install your website platform. Design your website by choosing and installing a theme.[9]
"In regards to your request about sharing tip for making money online, here is an article i made for that on how one can be a successful entrepreneur while being a student (https://www.elochi.com.ng/2017/09/my-life-as-entrepreneur-despite-being-a-student.html) however, you can check out our Make Money Online Category for more tips to choose from here (https://www.elochi.com.ng/search/label/Make Money Online)"
Artists and designers upload their original work to Society6, which then prints the images onto items ranging from t-shirts to pillows to wall hangings and even duvet covers and iPhone cases. Society6 handles all the fulfillment while artists just provide the designs and receive a commission on anything sold with their art on it. It's a little bit like Etsy, but you don't have to deal with physically creating or shipping your work.
Re-selling web hosting will enable you to make money hosting your own client's websites. Large hosting companies like HostGator allow you to white label their hosting services. You could start your own hosting business or, if you are a web designer, include hosting into your web design packages. And the best of it is the hosting companies take care of the hosting for you, so all you need to worry about is selling.
The next step was to go to a Pinterest post scheduler called Tailwind, and join some Tailwind Tribes in the blogging niche. Tailwind Tribes is a group of bloggers in the same niche who cross-share each others content to their respective audiences. This allows you to get near-guaranteed targeted reach on Pinterest. I nominated my post for sharing by others, and started sharing other people's posts, and in return they shared mine. Tailwind makes it very easy to schedule the posts days or weeks in advance, so this traffic is also largely automated. Results? Pretty good – so far I've had hundreds of free visitors who visited that post, which has resulted in $850 in commissions so far just from that one post. And of course I have many posts being promoted this way, so over time this strategy can build up to a solid stream of traffic and revenue."
Another flexible non-phone option in the educational field is test scoring. There are a few reputable companies that do hire home-based workers to score everything from standardized tests to essays. Before you apply, you should know that ETS and Pearson (listed below) do require that you have certain qualifications and/or past teaching experience before they'll let you become a scorer. WriteScore on the other hand requires just a two-year college degree.
When creating a membership site, always offer different plans and pricing tiers to appeal to your different categories of audience. Access to specific types of content is then dependent on the plan selected by a member. Membership fees can be a one-off payment or a repeat subscription. And you can even sell products on your membership site to boost your income.
All written content on this site is for information purposes only. Opinions expressed herein are solely those of AWM, unless otherwise specifically cited. Material presented is believed to be from reliable sources and no representations are made by our firm as to another parties' informational accuracy or completeness. All information or ideas provided should be discussed in detail with an advisor, accountant or legal counsel prior to implementation.
Mechanical Turk: Amazon's Mechanical Turk is a resource for doing human-intelligence tasks, or as the site commonly refers to them, HITs. You get paid a very small fee for any given HIT and you'll need a good deal of volume to make a substantial amount of money. But it is a resource you can use in your spare time to generate a small income online.


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Please review our privacy policy. The epididymal sperm drop, appearing due to the applied pressure, was collected with capillary tubing internal diameter, 0. A more recent study using a computer-driven signal generator and much lower voltages 0. Artificial insemination is used instead of natural matings to increase the chances that all the females have will become pregnant.
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Microsurgical and Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration for Sperm Collection from Live Mice
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Home / Office Design / cool long office table design vision ideas / Desk Office Table Design Computer Table Designs For Home In Corner Ikea Computer Desk Office Desk
Alyssa Nieves Office Design April 17th, 2018 - 13:30:05
Next is to hire the best builders and office decorators. You will soon find out that there are a myriad of companies offering their office decorating and building services in the UK. The number alone will intimidate you. It might be more difficult to narrow down your options to the most reliable ones. But do not let this keep you from choosing the best design and building company. Look for a company that focuses on office redesign. Check their track record. Make sure they have been in the business for a long time and that they have already serviced a number of companies. Check their portfolio as well. Browse the photos of their previous projects so you can determine if they are really competent in redesigning your office.
A comprehensive office design involves much more than just an office layout plan. If you are looking to freshen up your workplace it is well worth considering a complete re-think of the interior design of your office from floor coverings to partitions furniture and ceilings. With so many different areas of the office design to cover the choice of materials for each can become quite baffling. Here are some tips on choosing materials for your office design. Environmental Considerations: Choosing sustainable materials for your office design is a fantastic way to reduce your offices carbon footprint and promote more environmentally practices throughout your business.
Office Necessities - when youve agreed the positions and layouts of your offices and workstation desks it is vital to establish the locations of your office necessities. Some examples include cabinetry computer equipment phone lines & outlets power outlets data outlets shelving and storage. It is a good idea to ensure your planning is based on convenience access and flexibility; Aesthetics - After youve finalized the planning for all office necessities start thinking about occasional furniture or finishing that works well with the office design.
When a city is planned well the communication channels are well-designed and accessible so that people feel a sense of community and togetherness. In the same way an office layout will dictate the sense of community that the employees feel. The office layout influences the manner in which the staff communicate with each other the length and quality of their interactions how they socialize and ultimately how they learn from each other in both formal and informal ways. When planning the office design a balance needs to be struck between the ability to interact in open spaces and the ability to work in privacy. This means it is critical to take into consideration the specific job requirements of all of the staff members when planning an office layout.
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Will Hall who sold me the fence and his supervisor Steve were beyond excellent and professional in their level of service. They offered the lowest cost and the best service of any company in the...
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In Technical Analysis Tools, professional trader Mark Tinghino cuts through the clutter. First, he demystifies the essential technical approaches such as chart patterns, indicators, Market Profile, and Elliott Wave. He also introduces a new instrument of his own: the cyclical model, which helps identify trend reversals. Next, he provides techniques that turn the tools into trading programs. Those techniques include how to time buying and selling, how to account for the effect of fundamental analysis on technical analysis, and how to use spreads to effectively manage risk.
Real-world examples, objective analyses of how successful investors implement their own trading systems, and dozens of charts and graphs make Technical Analysis Tools exceptionally clear and practical.
Product Details
|Publication date:
|Bloomberg Financial Series , #53
|Product dimensions:
|7.90(w) x 9.60(h) x 0.93(d)
About the Author
Table of ContentsForeword (Alan Rohrbach).
Part One: Technical Analysis Trading Arsenal.
1 Approaches to Market Analysis.
2 Fundamentals: Navigating the Labyrinth.
3 Chart Patterns: Landscape of the Market.
4 Alternative Charting Techniques.
5 Indicator Soup: Not-so-secret Recipes.
6 The Market as a Wave Phenomenon.
7 Leveraging Derivatives.
8 Finessing the Risk Factor with Spreads.
Part Two: Putting It All Together.
9 A Cyclical Model of the Markets.
10 Backtesting and Planning Trading Strategies.
11 Mental Discipline and Risk Management.
Appendix A: Commonly Used Technical Indicators.
Appendix B: Futures Products with High Daily Volume.
Appendix C: Educational Resources.
Appendix D: Trading Reports and Other Forms of News Service.
Appendix E: Software Products.
Customer Reviews
Average Review
Most Helpful Customer Reviews
I have read so many titles on technical analysis over the years, and this one stands out because it is not only a general survey, but it also is a great reference, and Tinghino's work on market cycles is like no other I have seen. Definitely a winning combination there. I highly recommend this book for all types of traders from novice to seasoned professional.
This by far one of the best titles I have read on Technical Analysis. It is a very concise presentation and packed with a wealth of information. The author's research on cycles and market timing is extremely fascinating. He really has broken new ground and come up with a truly unique approach to trading. Buyer beware - you may be up late at night unable to put this one down, as happened to me!