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Editor's Note: Fr. Andrei Tkachev comes from the city of Lvov, meaning "Place of the Lion", in western Ukraine. Lvov is a Slavic city that has been particularly influenced by Polish culture and western ideas for centuries. After the 2014 coup and war in Ukraine, Fr. Andrei moved to Moscow. There, he rapidly became one of Russia's most beloved priests.
Fr. Andrei's talks are truly unusual and impressive because of how much they encompass. He educates the audience on literature, films, sports, songs, and history, as well as a treasure trove of Biblical teachings.
Gospel reading for this Sermon:
Matthew 12
38 Then some of the scribes and Pharisees said to him, "Teacher, we wish to see a sign from you."
39 But he answered them, "An evil and adulterous generation seeks for a sign; but no sign shall be given to it except the sign of the prophet Jonah.
40 For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the whale, so will the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.
41 The men of Nineveh will arise at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and behold, something greater than Jonah is here.
42 The queen of the South will arise at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and behold, something greater than Solomon is here.
In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
In today's Gospel reading we heard the Lord Jesus Christ's reproach to the people searching for signs and miracles. And the Lord said that these wicked people would not receive a sign besides the sign of the prophet Jonah who was sent to Nineveh.
This story is doubtlessly known to all godly people — some know more, some less — the story of Jonah the prophet who was thrown into the sea from a ship because the sea raged over his flight. He was sent by God's will to Nineveh, a pagan city, but dodged his mission and fled on a boat headed for Tarshish.
He got on the boat at Joppe, today known as Jaffa, a suburb of Tel-Aviv. He wished to sail to Tarshish, in modern Spain. He wished to flee across the entire Mediterranean Sea from God's assignment. But a tempest arose, and the sailors were a peoples very sensitive to danger. They had a saying, 'he who has never sailed, has never prayed to God,' and living in constant fear of danger, they were particularly sensitive to sin. They decided that the cause of their predicament was the presence of a sinner on board their ship, and Jonah revealed to them that it was most likely his fault — that he was a servant of God who was fleeing from the presence of the Lord and from his mission. He was thrown overboard, and some kind of giant sea-creature swallowed him.
Do not be puzzled by this, brothers and sisters, because in the 19th century an English whaler hunting in the North Atlantic was swallowed by a sperm whale. Whaler meaning the person of course and not the ship. This is a real story that was reported on in newspapers, and it is in the annals of history. The sperm whale is an enormous animal, it is a mammal and not a fish, it breathes through lungs, it can dive nearly a kilometer deep into the sea, its teeth are approximately the size of a bottle of champagne, it can even break a boat in half. And this sperm whale swallowed a sailor. But the whale had been seriously injured before he escaped from the ship with the victim in his bowels. The next day, the whale was finished off by the whalers, his stomach was cut open, and inside was the sailor. He was sleeping out of fear, and went slightly off his rockers when he regained consciousness.
He went on to write about his ordeal, how he flew into the slippery and pitch-black digestive tract of the whale. There was enough oxygen inside the whale's system for the sailor to survive the ordeal. However, the whale's stomach acid turned the sailor into an albino — all his hair and skin turned white, and his body was covered in spots.
Afterwards, he no longer hunted whales, but was able to live the rest of his life without fear of poverty, telling the story of his 24 hours inside the whale's bowels. This was a living miracle, proof that the story of Jonah was not a lie. Jonah was swallowed in the same way — but he prayed while he was inside in the whale. The sailor, as we know, was not praying — I don't quite remember his name, but this story is very well-known and easy to verify. If I'm not mistaking the name of whaler (ship) was Blue Star. This happened approximately in the 6th or 7th decade of the 19th century. In any case, Jonah's prayers result in him receiving God's mercy and being spit out by the whale. And he came to Nineveh, and the inhabitants of that city came to believe in God.
And this story, by the words of Jesus Christ, is a prophecy for Christ himself. Just as Jonah was in the bowels of the whale for three days and three nights, so too would the son of God be in the bowels of the Earth for that time. And as Jonah was able to escape the whale, so too would Christ escape his tomb — this is a prophecy.
Why was Jonah so afraid of going to Nineveh ? He was afraid of being torn apart by the pagans. Imagine a random Jew walking into a pagan city and telling its people the the end is nigh — do you think they'd listen to him for a very long time? Best case, they would beat him and throw him out, worst — they would simply destroy him. That is why Jonah was afraid. But the people of Nineveh, instead of beating him or arguing with him or throwing him out, grew afraid and came to repent. They began to cry out to God for their sins, stopped eating and drinking, and left their livestock hungry so that even the animals would cry with hunger. For three days they prayed to God for forgiveness rubbing their tears into their faces, and God forgave them.
And so in today's Gospel reading, Jesus tells us that the people of Nineveh will rise up on Judgment Day and be accepted by God—more than the Jews—because they came to believe from the words of Jonah, but the Jews had much more than the words of Jonah. He is of course, speaking of himself. 'I am more than Jonah. Jonah is a prophet, and I am the God of prophets. I am greater than Jonah, and yet the pagans listened to my slave, but the Jews are unwilling to listen to me.'
The Lord also says that the queen of Ethiopia, coming from a distant corner of the world, traveled all the way to Solomon to hear his wisdom. 'I am greater than Solomon'. If Solomon is a great king, then Christ is the king of kings.
When Christ says that he is greater than Jonah and greater than Solomon, we see his indication that he is Lord, who is greater than all. One might think, "Who can possibly be greater in this world than Solomon?"—The son of a King, sitting on the throne, adorned with wisdom that transcended all time. There was never a kingdom in the world as glorious as that of Solomon. Gold was traded at the price of copper, and copper was traded at the price of simple stone. There was no fighting, and all the people of Israel lived in prosperity under the shade and fruit of their trees. There was no war, no one was threatened. People came from all over the world simply to see and hear King Solomon. And for the sake of his wisdom—that flowed from his lips like honey—he was listened to by kings, and princes, and the most honorable people of the Earth. There was never another such king in history. And the Lord says, 'I am greater than Solomon. Pagans came to Solomon to hear his wisdom, and I am greater than he, yet I am not listened to.'
And so we have an interesting situation. The pagans of Nineveh will be justified before God, more than the Jews who surrounded Christ. And the Ethiopians, with their queen, on Judgment Day will be elevated above those who heard Christ but did not listen. Therefore, pagans who listened to God's servants will be accepted by God. But woe to those people who heard God but did not accept Him into their lives, and did not follow his teachings to the proper conclusions.
And here we have a very important moment. So many Christians are bothered in their tender hearts about the following question:
How will God judge those people that do not know Christ? What kind of judgment awaits those who did not hear the Gospel, did not kneel before the cross, do not celebrate the resurrection of Christ, did not wash away their sins in the sacrament of baptism, and do not have confession, the Bible, or liturgy?
There are of course many people who do not have access to any of these things, even today. Various tribes, on the wayside of civilization — people who were born in foreign places, taught in different religious traditions not knowing Christ.
And we ask ourselves, 'how is it so that we will be saved, and they will perish?'
It turns out that we shouldn't worry about their souls at all. Because, it turns out that many pagans will be justified before God much more than some of us who know Christ and saw him, and heard him, and felt him, and participated in his sacraments. You absolutely should not worry about this. The people of Nineveh—implying various pagans—will be justified before God more than some believers well-educated in the miracles of Christ. Therefore, stop worrying about whom God will punish and whom he will spare. Rather, think about this:
How do we, people who have everything, and are aware of everything, and know everything, and saw everything, and flew to Jerusalem, and went on pilgrimages, and read books, and go to church — how do we not become worse than pagans?
This is what you should be thinking about. Not about how God will judge pagans, something completely beyond our understanding, but rather about how we, knowing all, avoid becoming worse than they are.
To whom much is given, from him much is expected. This is not the only time that this thought from Christ is sent to us as lightning from a cloud. It is like lightning because it brightens our understanding of Christ. We are worried about the wrong things. We need to worry about the fact that we, knowing all, might become worse than those who know nothing.
In another sermon, Christ described the cities which had seen many miracles. He said,
"Woe to you Chorazin, woe to you Bethsaida. For if the miracles that were performed in you had been performed in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes."
Tyre and Sidon are Phoenician cities that existed on the territory of modern Lebanon. These ruins of cities used to be centers of Mediterranean trade. These were merchant cities, immensely wealthy. And where there is immense wealth, there is usually immense moral corruption, idolatry, and filth. From wealth, many nations and individuals go insane. Thus, Tyre and Sidon were civilizations that did not get to witness Christ. And yet, Christ says, 'woe to you Bethsaida, woe to you Chorazin', because had those pagans of Tyre and Sidon seen what I had done, witnessed what I had created, heard my words, they would have repented. And you saw, and heard, and tasted, and took home with you, but nothing came of it. Even Bethsaida was the home of Peter and Andrew — so some people from Bethsaida followed Christ, but the rest of the city stayed. It's the same message : Do not worry about those who do not know Christ. Worry about yourself — because you know everything, yet no good comes of it.
The Lord says,
"And you, Capernaum, will you be lifted to the heavens? No, you will go down to Hades. For if the miracles that were performed in you had been performed in Sodom, it would have remained to this day."
Capernaum is particularly a special city. In the Gospel, it is described as 'his' — meaning Christ's city. He spent most of his time in that area, and Capernaum was famed for its synagogues and its wise men. The scribes and priests of Capernaum were known as the most educated and wise elders. If someone wanted to understand the Word, they went to Capernaum to study. Naturally, the people of Capernaum should have been the most holy of all people. And Christ performed miracles there, he resurrected a centurion in Capernaum. But Jesus says 'will you be lifted to the heavens? No, you will go down to Hades. For if the miracles that were performed in you had been performed in Sodom, it would have remained to this day.' They would have repented, but you do not repent.
It turns out, that on Judgment Day, there will be someone who is worse off than Sodom and Gomorrah. They already suffered their lot — they were burned, destroyed, violently killed. They had already experienced God's fury — God hits and comforts, He does not hit twice. He will punish and He will forgive. And some will be worse off than Tyre and Sidon, and some will be worse off than Sodom and Gomorrah. Because some heard Christ's words, saw his miracles, and refused to repent.
This is a very profound thought that should overturn some of our silly ideas about 'How does a merciful God send people to hell, people who do not know Him?' Absolutely perish these thoughts, because God has no desire to send people into hell. Think rather about how not to end up in hell yourself, because you know a great deal and you have seen a great deal.
Fine, there are uneducated people who do not read the Gospel, but you are educated and you do read it. And there are, for example, some people who live in such a backwater, where the nearest church is 200km away, and you have to fly a helicopter there — say, the Yakut Autonomous Okrug. And God will ask of them something very different than of you.
But let's take someone who lives in Moscow. In Moscow we have the relics of Saint Tikhon in one place, Saint Matrona in another, Saint Hillarion over there, and over on the other side is the Kremlin full of various sacred relics. We have monasteries, seminaries, courses for catechumens, any kind of priest you want — wherever you place your gaze, in Moscow you will find yourself looking at a sacred place.
Yes, of course, there are also night clubs where drugs are sold. Yes, of course, there are drunk parties where people's souls die. Yes, of course, there are thieves and tricksters, and dishonest rich men. But if you look for holiness in Moscow, will you find it? You will drown in holiness if you look. Because you have this opportunity, God views you in the same way as those Jews who saw Christ. You can kneel before relics every day, but God will judge you in a very different way than he would judge a pagan who lives in the forest.
To this day, you can find some tribesman in Central Africa, roaming the jungle with a bow, looking for a bird to shoot to sustain himself for the day. He is not literate, and makes his fire by rubbing sticks together. And his judgment day will be very different from yours. You, with your higher education, will be judged very differently. You who have been baptized, who have taken communion, and who have listened to many sermons—of course your judgment will be different.
Abba Dorotheus has an interesting sermon where he speaks of two twin girls stolen by brigands. One is sold to a convent, and the other to a brothel. But the two girls are born the same, same blood, same genes, same faces — it is only their predicament that differs. Let's say they are destined to die the same day, will God judge them by the same standards? Of course not — the girl raised by nuns will be asked of very different things by God than the girl raised by prostitutes. What is there to ask of someone who was raised from birth at a brothel? There is not much you can ask, there is only grace and mercy to give to such a soul.
With some God will be strict, with others merciful. Each judgment will be different. Stop asking these meaningless questions, and stop thinking of things that are not relevant to your salvation — because we know a great deal, and soon a great deal will be asked of us. God will ask you, 'Did you see?', 'I did', 'Were you there?', 'I was'.
Recently I have even been frightened by the thought of pilgrimage, because pilgrimage is not only a factor in filling our life with spirituality, but also a factor in our judgment. For example, let's say you were in Jerusalem at the Holy Sepulcher, you knelt before the place where Jesus' dead body was placed, you cried there, kissed his tomb, walked around the Church for a long time, stood here, sat there, cried here, and cried there. And one day Christ will ask you, 'Were you at the place where my body lay? Do you remember how you cried that day and promised to dedicate your life to me. I, who died for you. And where? Where did that promise go?'
Were you there? I was. Did you see? I did. Did you feel? I did. Did you cry? I did. And then what? Where? Where are the fruits of your seeing and feeling and crying? Where did my labors go?
And where else have you been? Let's see. You've also been to the Seraphimo-Diveevo Monastery, and there are some who go to Mount Athos every month, and you've been to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, and here, and there, and even went to a speak to a elder monk, and so on and so forth. And where? Where is the result? Where?
And over to God's right hand will stand a little bushman, a pygmy — short, naked, burnt by the sun, unable to read, never even having heard of God. The only thing he was ever taught by his parents was to never hurt anyone, and that when you shoot a goat with an arrow you must ask it for forgiveness. That's what these primitive tribes do — they ask their prey for forgiveness. And those Chukchi who kill whales, before they go out whaling, they perform rites of penitence for half a day. 'Forgive us please, we just have nothing else to eat. We need you, please don't run away from us.' And they'll use every single part of the whale, nothing goes to waste. And through all of this, they thank their prey for the sustenance it provides. 'Thank you, great fish, we will eat for a whole year thanks to you. We will not die of hunger.' They ask their food for forgiveness.
Have any one of you ever asked a cow for forgiveness? Each one of us has probably eaten an entire herd of cows by now. How much have we already eaten of the world's creatures, without a single thought of thankfulness or repentance? We could swallow the whole world, and still think we are owed something.
Some pagans kiss the trees they are about to cut down, in thankfulness for the fuel they are provided. And look at us, we cut down entire forests — has anyone asked forgiveness from the forest, or even from God for this? Forgiveness for the godless destruction of nature all around us, for the sake of human's sinful desires. Streams are dirtied, the air is polluted, and food is left uneaten to rot. Fridges are filled with new food as old food is thrown out. Isn't that how we act regularly? And tell me please, who is the pagan in this situation? And which of us would God want to save? If you were God, who would you rather save? This poor little man, who lives at the mercy of nature and must hide in the corners of his narrow world, and still recognizes that there is a higher moral structure to the universe.
Europeans have penetrated every single part of the world — to photograph everything, to leave their mark, to write 'John was here' on the highest mountain. We cannot be content with anything less. There is a story of an expedition into the mountains in which some Westerners hired a local pagan guide. As the group trekked, the Europeans tried to convince the guide that there is no God.
Do you know that there is no God?
Of course there is.
How would you know?
I see his tracks every day. Do you see the beautiful red streak in the sky? That is God's track.
What God? That's just the sun setting!
Look here, those are the tracks of a bobcat. And over here are the tracks of a deer. I know all the tracks that animals and humans leave here. But that is the track of God.
A white educated man is telling a pagan that God does not exist. Who is the pagan?
Christians will experience the harshest judgment of any other people — the most careful and strict judgment. We promised to serve God and not the devil when we were baptized. We spit a
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In the United States, the public's perception of hemp as marijuana has blocked hemp from becoming a useful crop and product,"[55] in spite of its vital importance prior to World War II.[56] Ideally, according to Britain's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, the herb should be desiccated and harvested towards the end of flowering. This early cropping reduces the seed yield but improves the fiber yield and quality.[57] In these strains of industrial hemp* the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content would have been very low.[55]
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Hemp has very low levels of another cannabis compound, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) — the main psychoactive compound in marijuana. Evidence suggests that THC — not CBD — causes the symptoms people associate with getting high on marijuana, Blessing says. Unlike marijuana, which the CDC argues is addictive, CBD also doesn't seem to be, according to the World Health Organization.
The DCE/SP began funding eradication programs in Hawaii and California in 1979. The program rapidly expanded to include programs in 25 states by 1982. By 1985, all 50 states were participating in the DCE/SP. In 2015, the DEA continued its nation-wide cannabis eradication efforts, providing resources to support the 128 state and local law enforcement agencies that actively participate in the program. This assistance allows the enhancement of already aggressive eradication enforcement activities throughout the nation. In 2017, the DEA continued its nation-wide cannabis eradication efforts, providing resources to support the 126 state and local law enforcement agencies that actively participate in the program. This assistance allows the enhancement of already aggressive eradication enforcement activities throughout the nation. In 2017, the DCE/SP was responsible for the eradication of 3,078,418 cultivated outdoor cannabis plants and 303,654 indoor plants for a total of 3,382,072 marijuana plants. In addition, the DCE/SP accounted for 4,502 arrests and the seizure in excess of 20.5 million dollars of cultivator assets. The program also removed 2,829 weapons from cannabis cultivators.
The nutrition and supplement industry—which includes CBD products—is almost wholly unregulated. "The concentrations in products are only approximate, and I don't know how well they're tracked," Szaflarski says. Even if you could absolutely trust a product's label—and many CBD manufacturers, aware of the current scrutiny on their industry, go to great lengths to assure consumers of the quality of their products—there aren't a lot of concrete facts when it comes to the type or amount of CBD a person should take for a specific ailment or aim.
Apart from Endoca CBD oils, you will also find other similar products, such as isolate, tinctures or creams. Some products are designed for pets too. The range offered by Endoca is not impressive when compared to more prestigious manufacturers, but you can still find anything you might need. Using in house green equipment and procedures for the manufacturing process, Endoca can also afford to keep the prices a little lower.
Stephanie, generally, I have patients take 20 to 150mg a day for sleep +/- anxiety. Start low and go slow. Know the dosages of your product. Usually 2/3 to 3/4 of the daily dose is 1-2 hours before bedtime, and the other portion is upon waking (to improve wakefulness during the day). Other factors such as stress, hormone replacement, other meds & medical conditions, etc. play a role along with individual differences. I own a compounding pharmacy, so we see a lot of unique needs. I can't give more specific advice in this forum, but there is help!
In addition to providing useful fibers, hemp seed also has high nutritional value. and the plant can be used to make biodegradable plastics, some fuels, and a variety of other things. Hemp foods including but not limited to hemp energy bars, hemp salad dressing,hemp milk, hemp protein shakes, hemp oil gel caps and hemp protein powder are among some of the health products being produced today. Visit the Hemp Education pages to learn more!
With so many companies popping up every day, we've done the hard work for you. We bring you the best CBD oil guide and the top 25 brands that made our list based on CBD oil quality, effectiveness, customer service and of course price. Please note, this article is updated constantly, so don't forget come back from time to time to see the most updated information.
Organized interventions to improve health based on the principles and procedures developed through the health sciences are provided by practitioners trained in medicine, nursing, nutrition, pharmacy, social work, psychology, occupational therapy, physical therapy and other health care professions. Clinical practitioners focus mainly on the health of individuals, while public health practitioners consider the overall health of communities and populations. Workplace wellness programs are increasingly adopted by companies for their value in improving the health and well-being of their employees, as are school health services in order to improve the health and well-being of children.
"Even if DEA approves a permit, production might be discouraged because of the perceived difficulties of working through DEA licensing requirements and installing the types of structures necessary to obtain a permit. Obtaining a DEA permit to produce hemp requires that the applicant demonstrate that an effective security protocol will be in place at the production site, such as security fencing around the planting area, a 24-hour monitoring system, controlled access, and possibly armed guards to prevent public access.68 DEA application requirements also include a nonrefundable fee, FBI background checks, and extensive documentation. It could also be argued that the necessary time-consuming steps involved in obtaining and operating under a DEA permit, the additional management and production costs from installing structures, and other business and regulatory requirements could ultimately limit the operation's profitability.
Some jurisdictions use free voluntary treatment programs and/or mandatory treatment programs for frequent known users. Simple possession can carry long prison terms in some countries, particularly in East Asia, where the sale of cannabis may lead to a sentence of life in prison or even execution. Political parties, non-profit organizations, and causes based on the legalization of medical cannabis and/or legalizing the plant entirely (with some restrictions) have emerged in such countries as China and Thailand.[225][226]
Studies at Bejing's Hemp Research Center revealed the variety of plant uses, prompting China to expand its hemp production which is a mere fraction of its world-leading cotton production. China not only has the product, but they have the cultivation techniques and commercial technologies to capitalize on that supply. And they are ramping up to leverage their competitive hemp advantage, expecting an eager demand from U.S. manufacturers given hemp's rise in popular applications.
Hempseed's amino acid profile is comparable to other sources of protein such as meat, milk, eggs and soy.[21] Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS), which attempt to measure the degree to which a food for humans is a "complete protein", were 0.49–0.53 for whole hemp seed, 0.46–0.51 for hempseed meal, and 0.63–0.66 for hulled hempseed.[22]
While the science behind CBD oil assuaged many of my concerns, Charlotte Figi's inspiring story was the kicker. Figi, a 6-year-old girl diagnosed with a rare and resistant form of epilepsy known as Dravet syndrome, was actually placed on hospice care and given a "do not resuscitate" order when her parents, desperate and frustrated with pharmaceutical medication, considered medical marijuana. Charlotte is now 99% seizure-free since she began supplementing with Charlotte Web's CBD oil, which the brand named after Figi.
Hemp is a bast fiber crop, i.e. the most desirable ("long") fibers are found in the phloem-associated tissues external to the phloem, just under the "bark." The traditional and still major first step in fiber extraction is to ret ("rot") away the softer parts of the plant, by exposing the cut stems to microbial decay in the field ("dew retting," shown in Figs. 46 and 47) or submerged in water ("water retting, " shown in Fig. 13). The result is to slough off the outer parts of the stem and to loosen the inner woody core (the "hurds") from the phloem fibers (Fig. 14). Water retting has been largely abandoned in countries where labor is expensive or environmental regulations exist. Water retting, typically by soaking the stalks in ditches, can lead to a high level of pollution. Most hemp fiber used in textiles today is water retted in China and Hungary. Retting in tanks rather than in open bodies of water is a way of controlling the effluents while taking advantage of the high-quality fiber that is produced. Unlike flax, hemp long fiber requires water retting for preparation of high-quality spinnable fibers for production of fine textiles. Improved microorganisms or enzymes could augment or replace traditional water retting. Steam explosion is another potential technology that has been experimentally applied to hemp (Garcia-Jaldon et al. 1998). Decorticated material (i.e. separated at least into crude fiber) is the raw material, and this is subjected to steam under pressure and increased temperature which "explodes" (separates) the fibers so that one has a more refined (thinner) hemp fiber that currently is only available from water retting. Even when one has suitably separated long fiber, specialized harvesting, processing, spinning and weaving equipment are required for preparing fine hemp textiles. The refinement of equipment and new technologies are viewed as offering the possibility of making fine textile production practical in western Europe and North America, but at present China controls this market, and probably will remain dominant for the foreseeable future.
Air-dried stem yields in Ontario have from 1998 and onward ranged from 2.6–14.0 tonnes of dry, retted stalks per hectare (1–5.5 t/ac) at 12% moisture. Yields in Kent County, have averaged 8.75 t/ha (3.5 t/ac). Northern Ontario crops averaged 6.1 t/ha (2.5 t/ac) in 1998. Statistic for the European Union for 2008 to 2010 say that the average yield of hemp straw has varied between 6.3 and 7.3 ton per ha.[71][72] Only a part of that is bast fiber. Around one tonne of bast fiber and 2–3 tonnes of core material can be decorticated from 3–4 tonnes of good-quality, dry-retted straw. For an annual yield of this level is it in Ontario recommended to add nitrogen (N):70–110 kg/ha, phosphate (P2O5): up to 80 kg/ha and potash (K2O): 40–90 kg/ha.[73] The average yield of dry hemp stalks in Europe was 6 ton/ha (2.4 ton/ac) in 2001 and 2002.[14]
The question of whether heteromorphic sex chromosomes are indeed present is most conveniently answered if such chromosomes were clearly visible in a karyotype. Cannabis was one of the first plant species to be karyotyped; however, this was in a period when karyotype preparation was primitive by modern standards (see History of Cytogenetics). Heteromorphic sex chromosomes were reported to occur in staminate individuals of dioecious "Kentucky" hemp, but were not found in pistillate individuals of the same variety. Dioecious "Kentucky" hemp was assumed to use an XY mechanism. Heterosomes were not observed in analyzed individuals of monoecious "Kentucky" hemp, nor in an unidentified German cultivar. These varieties were assumed to have sex chromosome composition XX.[32] According to other researchers, no modern karyotype of Cannabis had been published as of 1996.[33] Proponents of the XY system state that Y chromosome is slightly larger than the X, but difficult to differentiate cytologically.[34]
A recent study of mice with degenerative disc disease found that they experienced improvement with high doses of CBD. Researchers actually found reduced damage to the spin in their experimental population. While the exact mechanism and reasons for these results are unclear, it is certainly promising. More research needs to be done but this is certainly a good start.
It is not surprising that male-associated markers are relatively abundant. In dioecious plants where sex chromosomes have not been identified, markers for maleness indicate either the presence of sex chromosomes which have not been distinguished by cytological methods or that the marker is tightly linked to a gene involved in sex determination.[15]
Generally, the context in which an individual lives is of great importance for both his health status and quality of their life It is increasingly recognized that health is maintained and improved not only through the advancement and application of health science, but also through the efforts and intelligent lifestyle choices of the individual and society. According to the World Health Organization, the main determinants of health include the social and economic environment, the physical environment and the person's individual characteristics and behaviors.[18]
Cannabis use started to become popular in the United States in the 1970s.[252] Support for legalization has increased in the United States and several U.S. states have legalized recreational or medical use.[282] A 2018 Social Science Research study found that the main determinants of such changes in attitudes toward marijuana regulation since the 1990s were changes in media framing of marijuana, a decline in perception of the riskiness of marijuana, a decline in overall punitiveness, and a decrease in religious affiliation. [283]
The high lipid-solubility of cannabinoids results in their persisting in the body for long periods of time.[140] Even after a single administration of THC, detectable levels of THC can be found in the body for weeks or longer (depending on the amount administered and the sensitivity of the assessment method).[140] A number of investigators have suggested that this is an important factor in marijuana's effects, perhaps because cannabinoids may accumulate in the body, particularly in the lipid membranes of neurons.[141]
Queensland has allowed industrial production under licence since 2002,[76] where the issuance is controlled under the Drugs Misuse Act 1986.[77] New South Wales now issues licences[78] under a law, the Hemp Industry Regulations Act 2008 (No 58), that came into effect as of 6 November 2008.[79] Most recently, South Australia legalized industrial hemp under South Australia's Industrial Hemp Act 2017, which commenced on 12 November 2017.[80]
Cannabis Indica – The annual plant of the Cannabaceae family is considered a species of the genus Cannabis, but separate from Cannabis sativa, and originating in the Hindu Kush Mountains and suited for cultivation in temperate climates. Used to induce sleep, the plant is described as relatively short and conical with dense branches and short, broad leaves, while Cannabis sativa is tall with fewer branches and long, narrow leaves.
Cannabidiol, a non-euphoriant phytocannabinoid common in certain strains, shares neuroprotective effects with THC, inhibits glutamate neurotoxicity, and displays antioxidant activity greater than ascorbic acid (vitamin C) or tocopherol (vitamin E) (Hampson et al 1998). While THC has no activity at vanilloid receptors, CBD, like AEA, is a TRPV1 agonist that inhibits fatty acid amidohydrolase (FAAH), AEA's hydrolytic enzyme, and also weakly inhibits AEA reuptake (Bisogno et al 2001). These activities reinforce the conception of CBD as an endocannabinoid modulator, the first clinically available (Russo and Guy 2006). CBD additionally affects THC function by inhibiting first pass hepatic metabolism to the possibly more psychoactive 11-hydroxy-THC, prolonging its half-life, and reducing associated intoxication, panic, anxiety and tachycardia (Russo and Guy 2006). Additionally, CBD is able to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in its own right in a rodent model of rheumatoid arthritis (Malfait et al 2000). At a time when great concern is accruing in relation to NSAIDs in relation to COX-1 inhibition (gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding) and COX-2 inhibition (myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accidents), CBD, like THC, inhibits neither enzyme at pharmacologically relevant doses (Stott et al 2005a). A new explanation of inflammatory and analgesic effects of CBD has recently come to light with the discovery that it is able to promote signaling of the adenosine receptor A2A by inhibiting the adenosine transporter (Carrier et al 2006).
"Essentially CBD is no different whether extracted from industrial hemp or from marijuana," Lee explained. "What's different is what else is in there. When you extract from industrial hemp, you're not getting a lot of cannabinoids. You're not getting much CBD. You're getting very, very little THC. Because it's a low-resin plant, you don't have a lot of cannabinoids that are contained in the resin."
Cannabis played a large role in the Greco-Roman cultures as a source of both fiber, an intoxicant, and a medicine. Cannabis seeds were discovered in the ruins of Pompeii, and Greek rhetorician Athenaeus made note of hemp being used to make rope between 170 and 230 CE. Roman author and naturalist Pliny the Elder also made reference to a cannabis root decoction as a treatment for joint stiffness and gout in the first (1st) century BCE.
"The term '"marihuana" means all parts of the plant Cannabis sativa L., whether growing or not; the seeds thereof; the resin extracted from any part of such plant; and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such plant, its seeds or resin. Such term does not include the mature stalks of such plant, fiber produced from such stalks, oil or cake made from the seeds of such plant, any other compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such mature stalks (except the resin extracted therefrom), fiber, oil, or cake, or the sterilized seed of such plant which is incapable of germination.140
Acute effects may include anxiety and panic, impaired attention and memory, an increased risk of psychotic symptoms, [b] the inability to think clearly, and an increased risk of accidents.[69][70][71] Cannabis impaired a person's driving ability, and THC was the illicit drug most frequently found in the blood of drivers who have been involved in vehicle crashes. Those with THC in their system were from three to seven times more likely to be the cause of the accident than those who had not used either cannabis or alcohol, although its role is not necessarily causal because THC stays in the bloodstream for days to weeks after intoxication.[72][73][c]
"In recent years, U.S. producers have begun to grow hemp under state law (Table 2). Some are foregoing the requirement to obtain a federal permit. For example, in 2009, Montana's Agriculture Department issued its first state license for an industrial hemp-growing operation in the state, and media reports indicated that the grower did not intend to request a federal permit.72 Such cases continue to pose a challenge to DEA of whether it is willing to override the state's authority to allow for hemp production in the state. It is also a test of states' rights."
CBD does not appear to have any psychotropic ("high") effects such as those caused by ∆9-THC in marijuana, but may have anti-anxiety and anti-psychotic effects.[10] As the legal landscape and understanding about the differences in medical cannabinoids unfolds, experts are working to distinguish "medical marijuana" (with varying degrees of psychotropic effects and deficits in executive function) – from "medical CBD therapies" which would commonly present as having a reduced or non-psychoactive side-effect profile.[10][59]
ECS is made up of endocannabinoids and the receptors associated with them. These receptors are literally found from head to toe, and are in such places as the glands, organs, and the brain. While receptors and endocannabinoids are located in all parts of the body, they have different functions depending upon where they are located, with the primary role being to regulate what is referred to as homeostasis or the regulation of the body so that it is at equilibrium.
Cannabis lowers the pressure in the eye that causes optic nerve damage leading to glaucoma. Research has shown conclusively that marijuana users experience lower internal eye pressure while the body metabolizes THC. However, the psychoactive side effects of using THC to treat glaucoma make cannabis a nonviable medication for most people with the disease.
Systematic activities to prevent or cure health problems and promote good health in humans are undertaken by health care providers. Applications with regard to animal health are covered by the veterinary sciences. The term "healthy" is also widely used in the context of many types of non-living organizations and their impacts for the benefit of humans, such as in the sense of healthy communities, healthy cities or healthy environments. In addition to health care interventions and a person's surroundings, a number of other factors are known to influence the health status of individuals, including their background, lifestyle, and economic, social conditions and spirituality; these are referred to as "determinants of health." Studies have shown that high levels of stress can affect human health.[15]
The environment is often cited as an important factor influencing the health status of individuals. This includes characteristics of the natural environment, the built environment and the social environment. Factors such as clean water and air, adequate housing, and safe communities and roads all have been found to contribute to good health, especially to the health of infants and children.[18][29] Some studies have shown that a lack of neighborhood recreational spaces including natural environment leads to lower levels of personal satisfaction and higher levels of obesity, linked to lower overall health and well being.[30] This suggests that the positive health benefits of natural space in urban neighborhoods should be taken into account in public policy and land use.
I have a brother in law who has been diagnosed with cataplexy and narcoplexy, where he starts quivering and slowly loses control of his body and goes into a sleep, which causes him to drop to the ground with mild seizures while he is out. He lives alone (59 years old), but has smoked cannabis since he (we) were teenagers. He still smokes, and is on medication twice a day for this condition, but if he misses those meds by even half an hour, he is at risk of these seizures. The sad part is, these seizures are usually brought on by the smallest emotional change, usually tension, excitement or, the worst thing, if something he finds funny and is the least bit tickled about and starts to laugh, this process will immediately begin. Does anyone know if this kind of condition is treatable with cbd oil's or concentrates? As I said, he smokes weed, and often grows his own, but he does it for the high and relaxation advantage, since he is basically home-bound due to this condition ending his work career about 4 years ago. Thanks for any replies. I'd be overjoyed if I could tell him there's a possible solution to the problem other than his prescriptions. Or even if it worked WITH his meds to keep from having to live such a sedentary life.
To my understanding, neither CBD nor THC are effective for "severe" pain; rather, they work better for mild to moderate chronic pain. Often, with severe pain, the dosage of opiates can be decreased with concomitant use of medical cannabis or CBD and that decrease in dose makes their use safer. Concurrent use of THC does increase the analgesic effect of CBD, but it also adds the "high" which some people do not want as a side effect.
There has been little high-quality research into the use of cannabidiol for epilepsy, and what there is is limited to refractory epilepsy in children.[16] While the results of using medical-grade cannabidiol in combination with conventional medication shows some promise, they did not lead to seizures being eliminated, and were associated with some minor adverse effects.[16]
We need proper studies, the panel concluded, on the health effects of cannabis on children and teen-agers and pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers and "older populations" and "heavy cannabis users"; in other words, on everyone except the college student who smokes a joint once a month. The panel also called for investigation into "the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of cannabis, modes of delivery, different concentrations, in various populations, including the dose-response relationships of cannabis and THC or other cannabinoids."
I use cbd oil every day. I refuse to go without it. I have no arthritic pain at all anymore. I had a hip replacement 3 years ago. I am in need of the other one to be replaced. I was laying awake crying at night because of my hip pain. After I started using the oil my hip has quit aching. I sometimes forget I even have a problem with it or my arthritis. Had I known about the oil before I had my hip replaced I never would have had the surgery. I am pain free. I use hemp oil. There are 20 mg of cannabiniol in each 1 ml dose.
"This is a really powerful compound," says Mikhail Kogan, the medical director of the George Washington University Center for Integrative Medicine. "I've seen it work for a lot of my patients." He prescribes high-CBD strains of cannabis regularly for such illnesses as epilepsy, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, autoimmune disorders, autism and insomnia.
"Whereas fibres and shivs did not show any significant difference between 2010 and 2013, the production of seeds increased by 92% and the production of flowers and leaves by 3,000%. The flowers for CBD production gave hemp farmers a considerable extra profit in 2013. It should also be mentioned that hemp is one of the very few crops in Europe that is cultivated on non-organic farms without the use of any agrochemicals. Strong, fast growing hemp crops are able to supress weeds without chemical support and the crop does not suffer from any pests or diseases that would warrant a spray. Hemp also grows well under an organic regime."
Hemp is plagued by bird predation, which take a heavy toll on seed production. The seeds are well known to provide extremely nutritious food for both wild birds and domestic fowl. Hunters and birdwatchers who discover wild patches of hemp often keep this information secret, knowing that the area will be a magnet for birds in the fall when seed maturation occurs. Increasingly in North America, plants are being established to provide habitat and food for wildlife. Hemp is not an aggressive weed, and certainly has great potential for being used as a wildlife plant. Of course, current conditions forbid such usage in North America.
Prior to the Hemp Farming Act of 2018, 41 states had passed industrial hemp-related legislation. 39 of those states legalized statewide hemp cultivation programs that defined hemp specifically to differentiate it from marijuana, establish licensing requirements, and regulate production. The Hemp Farming Act now requires state departments of agriculture to consult with their governors and chief law enforcement officers on a hemp regulatory program, which will then be submitted to the United States Secretary of Agriculture for approval. According to Section 297B of the bill, state hemp regulatory programs must include a system to maintain information on all land on which hemp is cultivated, procedures for testing THC levels in hemp, and procedures for disposing of products that violate THC content restrictions.
Hi Diane, how did you go on with the CBD oil please. If it worked how long before you saw any results. I'm scared of flaring everything. Nerve damage across buttocks from a surgeon who found the nerve stuck to the bulge during a laminectomy operation and prised it off. I haven't sat for 5 years and getting worse. A muscle in my buttock is now throbbing constantly and causing pain to the muscle above. I've only started taking it today but the muscle pain is still as painful. Does it take a while for it to work. Only started on low dose to see what happens. Thank you Lyn
Luke Zigovits, chief executive of Wisconsin-based Hemp Science, said, "We can finally relax. Because now we can source seed, now we can sell our product across state lines. Prohibition is over. It broadens horizons, allowing universities to do research, for example." Beyond moving the industry into legitimacy, Zigovits said there are opportunities for tobacco farmers in Wisconsin and elsewhere to start growing industrial hemp crops as well.
The focus of public health interventions is to prevent and manage diseases, injuries and other health conditions through surveillance of cases and the promotion of healthy behavior, communities, and (in aspects relevant to human health) environments. Its aim is to prevent health problems from happening or re-occurring by implementing educational programs, developing policies, administering services and conducting research.[53] In many cases, treating a disease or controlling a pathogen can be vital to preventing it in others, such as during an outbreak. Vaccination programs and distribution of condoms to prevent the spread of communicable diseases are examples of common preventive public health measures, as are educational campaigns to promote vaccination and the use of condoms (including overcoming resistance to such).
In the early 1990s, industrial hemp agriculture in North America began with the Hemp Awareness Committee at the University of Manitoba. The Committee worked with the provincial government to get research and development assistance, and was able to obtain test plot permits from the Canadian government. Their efforts led to the legalization of industrial hemp (hemp with only minute amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol) in Canada and the first harvest in 1998.[82][83]
To my understanding, neither CBD nor THC are effective for "severe" pain; rather, they work better for mild to moderate chronic pain. Often, with severe pain, the dosage of opiates can be decreased with concomitant use of medical cannabis or CBD and that decrease in dose makes their use safer. Concurrent use of THC does increase the analgesic effect of CBD, but it also adds the "high" which some people do not want as a side effect.


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Cyberbullying by Gender
According to a survey from a large school district in the Southern United States, adolescent girls are significantly more likely than boys to have experienced cyberbullying, 25.1 percent vs. 16.6 percent. Girls are also more likely than boys to report cyberbullying others, 21.3 percent vs. 17.5 percent. The type of cyberbullying tends to differ by gender: Girls are more likely to spread rumors, while boys are more likely to post hurtful pictures or videos.
A random sample of 10- to 18-year-olds from a large school district in the Southern U.S.:
Vol. 04, Issue 02, Page 13Published in Print: February 9, 2011, as Cyberbullying by Gender
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I Need Suggestions For Cold Weather Running Wear!
Running tights or pants in particular.
Running tights or pants in particular.
I was all ready to run my second 5K today. I've been running consistently, I've been building stamina, I've been…
I ran my first 5K and for some reason (adrenaline), I think I'm the Hulk, so everything is being done…
I'm pretty sure this is exactly what I will look like: