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Philips Manuals
DVD Recorder
Technical training manual
Philips DVDR985 Technical Training Manual
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Also See for DVDR985
Owner's manual
68 pages
Instructions for use manual
60 pages
Technical specifications
2 pages
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Page 39 - Overall block
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Page 41 - Power supply
Page 42 - Front panel
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Page 106 - Troubleshooting
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Philips DVDR985
Technical Training Manual
Philips Service and Quality/Training
One Philips Drive
Knoxville, TN 37914-1810
P. O. Box 14810
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Philips DVDR890 User Manual
76 pages
Philips DVDR985 Owner's Manual
68 pages
Philips DVDR985 Owner's Manual
68 pages
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Summary of Contents for Philips DVDR985
Page 1
Philips DVDR985 Technical Training Manual Philips Service and Quality/Training One Philips Drive Knoxville, TN 37914-1810 P. O. Box 14810 PH: 865-521-4397 FAX: 865-521-4818 EMAIL: email@example.com...
Page 2
Troubleshooting Section. closely that of DVD ROM. See Figure 1. It also uses Direct Overwrite when a RW disc is used. The DVDR985 is the forth in a line of DVD recorders. The DVDR1500 was the first. Laser Technology...
Page 3
Figure 2 – CD Laser Operation light reflecting from the disc. The pulses are created by Pits in the Reflective Layer of the disc. The Pits reflect less light than the intact surface of the Reflective Layer, called Lands. Disc Mechanical Layout The DVD and CD share much of their tech- nology.
Page 4
Figure 4 - The Disc As shown in Figure 4, the CD is subdivided into The production of a disc is a high tech process three parts: the Lead In Track, the Program explained in Figure 5. The process starts with Area, and the Lead Out Area.
Page 5
Frequency information, HF, is demodulated and A partially recorded disc's Information Area has stored in RAM. When the RAM is half full, the four sections: a PCA/RMA area, a Lead In Area, data is fed out to the Digital to Analog a Recorded Program Area, and a Recordable Converters.
Page 6
during recording. The dye based RW recordable Re-Recording Process layer provides a reflectivity of 40% light return The Re-Record process shares much of its oper- and 70% light return. 40 percent reflectivity rep- ation with that of a CDR. The blank disc's resents Pits and the 70% represent the Lands.
Page 7
DVDs measuring 22.7 mm centered to 24 mm cen- All of the previously discussed technologies tered. The Information Area is limited to 116mm apply to the DVD. Like CDs, DVDs are also centered. stamped into play only discs. In this discussion, we will point out the differences between DVDs Two of the big differences between DVDs and and CDs.
Page 8
Figure 10 - Wobble Pregroove Wobble Dual Layer Discs Two information layers are separated by a thin A Pre-groove is stamped on writable discs. transparent layer. Refer to Figure 11. The first All recordable DVD media types feature a micro- layer is partially transparent.
Page 9
Figure 12 – PTP and OTP Layout This allows instant access to the additional data Capacity or scene. OTP is Opposite Track Path. This Because a stamped DVD can be Dual Layered method links the end of one layer to the begin- and Double Sided, there are four different capac- ning of the other.
Page 10
Automatic Self Diagnostic Modes (End User/Dealer Script Interface) Description VideoEncI2c The End User/Dealer Self Diagnostics work with- Checks the interface between the host I2C con- out the need for other equipment. A number of troller and Empress hardware tests are automatically executed to check for faults in the recorder.
Page 11
Color bars appears on the output. It is a PAL col- Clock11.289MHz orbar pattern which means you may see a Switches the A_CLK of the micro clock to greyscale bar pattern. The pull in range of the 11.2896 MHz monitor, will affect what is seen. An NTSC color bar signal can be output from the Host Decoder using ComPair.
Page 12
Manual Service Diagnostics (Player Script) Description The display shows FP SEGM. Press PLAY to start the test. First the starburst pattern is lit, The Manual Diagnostics provide the opportunity then the horizontal segments are lit, followed by to perform tests and exercise the unit in a way the vertical segments and the last test lights all that helps determine which of the DVD the segments.
Page 13
The display shows FPDIMMER. Press PLAY to The display shows BE TRAY CLOS. This closes activate the dimming feature. Press Play to con- the tray. firm that the text on the local display was dimmed. The display shows ERRORLOG READ. If there was an error a code will be displayed.
Page 14
fails. 11707 - Setup of Front panel failed 10503 11708 - Sine on Front panel keyboard failed HostDec SDRAM Physical memory device test fails. 11801 - Init of I2C failed 10601 - HostDec DRAM Memory data bus test 11802 - The muting of the Audio failed fails.
Page 15
13101 - Can not find version in FLASH. 20306 - Error audio encoder SRAM access stuck-at-zero data line 13200 - Diagnostics application version: diagver- sion 20307 - Error audio encoder SRAM access stuck-at-one data line 13201 - Can not find version in FLASH. 20308 - Error audio encoder SRAM access 13300 - Download application version: download stuck-at-one address line...
Page 16
load boot 20704 - Error audio encoder I2C bus busy 20504 - Error audio encoder cannot download test code 20705 - Error audio encoder I2C cannot write slave address 20505 - Error audio encoder SRAM WRR cannot obtain result of test 20706 - Error audio encoder I2C no acknowl- edgement received 20506 - Error audio encoder WRR SRAM stuck-...
Page 17
30006 - VSM SDRAM Bank2 Physical memory 30303 - Interrupt A wasn't raised. device test fails. 30304 - Interrupt B wasn't raised. 30007 - VSM SDRAM Bank1 VSM interrupt reg- ister A has a-stuck at- error for value: 30305 - Interrupts A and B were raised. 30008 - VSM SDRAM Bank2 VSM interrupt reg- 30401 - VSM SDRAM Bank1 Memory data bus ister A has a-stuck at- error for value:...
Page 18
40402 - NVRAM error log is invalid 50210 - The front panel did not show vertical segments. 40403 - Front panel failed 50304 - Execution of the command on the 40701 - NVRAM error log reset; I2C failed Analog Board failed. 40900 - Region code Change counter is reset 50305 - The front panel could not be accessed by the Analog Board.
Page 19
50605 - Front panel remote control; no user by the Analog Board. input received 51403 - The beeper did not sound. 50701 - Execution of the command on the Analog Board failed. 51404 - The user skipped the FP-Beep test. 50702 - The front panel could not be accessed 51405 - The user returned an unknown confirma- by the Analog Board.
Page 20
60101 - Basic Engine returned error number 0x 51802 - The front panel could not be accessed error number by the Analog Board. 60102 - Parity error from Basic Engine to Serial 51803 - The front panel could not be dimmed. 60103 - Communication time-out error 51804 - The user skipped the FP-Dim test.
Page 21
60504 - Unexpected response from Basic Engine 61503 - Communication time-out error 60601 - Basic Engine returned error number 61504 - Unexpected response from Basic 0xerrornumber Engine 60602 - Parity error from Basic Engine to Serial 61601 - Basic Engine returned error number 0xerrornumber 60603 - Communication time-out error 61602 - Parity error from Basic Engine to Serial...
Page 22
61718 - BE VSM Sector processor initialization 0xerrornumber failed 62102 - Parity error from Basic Engine to Serial 61719 - BE VSM sector processor DMA initial- ization failed 62103 - Communication time-out error 61720 - BE VSM sector processor DMA start 62104 - Unexpected response from Basic failed Engine...
Page 23
0xerrornumber 63101 - Basic Engine returned error number 0xerrornumber 62702 - Parity error from Basic Engine to Serial 63102 - Parity error from Basic Engine to Serial 62703 - Communication time-out error 63103 - Communication time-out error 62704 - Unexpected response from Basic Engine 63104 - Unexpected response from Basic Engine...
Page 24
63502 - Parity error from Basic Engine to Serial 64108 - The VSM BE out initialization failed 63503 - Communication time-out error 64109 - The VSM BE out DMA start failed 63504 - Unexpected response from Basic 64110 - The VSM BE out start failed Engine 64111 - The rec command failed 63505 - Error string Ö...
Page 25
64129 - The calibrate-record command failed Board. 64130 - To many retries 70602 - Communication with Analog Board fails 64131 - BE update RAI command after writing 70700 - Frequency download OK failed 70701 - Wrong frequency table size. 64132 - BE find first recordable address com- mand failed 70702 - Can not download the frequency table into the Analog NVRAM.
Page 26
72103 - Invalid input. 71203 - Communication with Analog Board fails 72104 - Communication with Analog Board fails 71300 - Audio routing on the Analog Board OK 72201 - Initializing the 1Hz signal on the Clock 71301 - Routing the Audio on the Analog Board IC failed fails.
Page 27
73202 - Invalid input. 80211 - We tried to receive a reply for 73203 - Communication with Analog Board fails DVIO_MAX_RETRIES_ACKREPLY times !! 80000 - The DVIO module is present in the sys- 80212 - We tried to receive a reply for tem.
Page 28
80309 - Maximal number of retries reached by 80408 - Software Error in function Handle State Handle State Sending!! Awaiting Reply!! 80310 - Maximal number of retries (NACKs) 80409 - Maximal number of retries reached by reached (Handle State Sending) Handle State Sending!! 80311 - We tried to receive a reply for 80410 - Maximal number of retries (NACKs)
Page 29
80508 - Software Error in Handle State Awaiting Reply function! 80605 - Unable to send the configuration to the DVIO module. 80509 - Maximal number of retries reached by Handle State Sending! 80606 - Unable to download the chip ID to the DVIO module.
Page 30
80702 - The I2C could not be initialized. tics mode failed 80703 - The DVIO module could not be reset. 90121 - Error: Audio data in host memory con- tains wrong frequency: frequency Hz 80704 - Unable to receive the reset indication from the DVIO module.
Page 31
input 90301 - Initialization of I2C failed 90212 - Cannot Initialize VSM AV-out DMA port 90302 - I2C communication to VIP failed 90213 - Cannot Initialize VSM AV-out port 90303 - Initialization of VIP failed 90214 - Cannot start VSM AV-out DMA port 90304 - Generation of Close Caption data failed 90215 - Cannot start VSM AV-out port 90305 - VIP not locked to Video signal...
Page 32
90415 - Cannot start VSM AV-out port 90505 - VIP not locked to Video signal 90416 - Transfer of data from VSM to host decoder failed. 90506 - Initialization of VBI Extractor failed 90417 - VSM and Hostdec memory do not match 90507 - No CC data received (compared after transfer) 90508 - Closed Caption data overrun...
Page 33
decoder failed. 90707 - No CC data received 90617 - VSM and Hostdec memory do not match (compared after transfer) 90708 - Closed Caption data overrun 90618 - Decoding of the Video data in the host 90709 - Closed Caption data does not match decoder memory failed 90710 - Switch off colorbar failed 90619 - The data in the host decoder is not...
Page 34
90817 - Error cannot start VSM AV out DMA port 90908 - Error cannot initialize VSM audio in port 90818 - Error cannot start VSM AV out port 90909 - Error cannot initialize VSM audio in DMA port 90819 - Error transfer data from VSM to host decoder 90910 - Error cannot initialize VSM audio out DMA port...
Page 35
rate read failed 90927 - The CRC of the audio frame is wrong 141225 - Progressive Scan Board I2C AD7196 write access time-out 90928 - The audio frame is not MPEG-I layer II ! 141226 - Progressive Scan Board I2C AD7196 90929 - Error cannot de-mute DAC on Analog no write acknowledgement Board...
Page 39: Overall Block
Overall Block Digital PCB This module performs many functions. It inter- Key Components faces between the Basic Engine and the rest of the unit. The unit is made up of: the Power Supply, the Front Panel, the Basic Engine, the Digital Board, During record, it encodes analog video into a the Analog Board, and the Digital Input/Output recordable digital data stream.
Page 41: Power Supply
Power Supply components and large enough to turn On 7140, 7125 is turned Off by 7140. Diodes 6130, 6131 and 6132 protect the control circuit in case of This unit uses a stand alone Switch Mode Power failure of the MOSFET by providing an upperlimit Supply, SMPS.
Page 42: Front Panel
Overcurrent Protection Circuit Fluorescent Display driver This circuit consists of R3145, C2143, a thyristor circuit formed by T7141 and T7143, R3143 and Monitoring the keyboard matrix R3142. When the output is shortened, the cur- rent through the FET will produce a large voltage Decoding the remote control commands drop across the source resistors of the FET.
Page 43
Figure 18 - Front...
Page 44
Panel Circuit...
Page 45
IR Receiver The IR receiver, 7140, contains a bandpass amplifier as well as a photo-diode. Refer to Figure 19. The photo-diode receives approxi- mately 940nm infrared pulses. The pulses are amplified and demodulated. On the output of the IR receiver, 7140, is a pulse sequence at TTL levels.
Page 46
Basic Engine Block Diagram DVD Mechanism and Servo Some specifications: Board Record DVD+R and R/W Lossless linking Basic Engine Recording speed: 1.2 x Playback DVD, DVD+R(W), DVD (SL/DL), The Basic Engine consists of a DVD-Mechanism DVD-R, DVD-RW (V1.1) with dual laser Optical Pickup Unit (OPU), a tray Playback speed: 1.2 x loader, a fan unit, and a PCB containing all elec- Playback CD, CD-DA, CD-R, CD-RW, CD-...
Page 47
Figure 21 - DVDR Mechanism DVDR Mechanism The SPIDRE is the Signal Processor IC for DVD Recordable The MACE3 is the Mini All in one CD Engine The DVDR-M is made up of three components: third generation. Optical Pickup Unit, OPU, the Sled, and the The Encoder/Decoder is the Translation cir- Turntable Motor.
Page 48
DROPPI The DROPPI (DVD Rewritable OPU Pre- Processor IC) is a multi-purpose analog pre- processor. It supports many photo detector con- figurations and output signal modes. It produces RF and servo feedback signals, Q1-Q6. Its out- put signals are on the same flex ribbon cable with the wideband RF (differential signals).
Page 49
Figure 23 - Laser Drive IC...
Page 50
LADIC of the Optimal Laser Current is preformed. The disc is written to again except the current range The Laser Drive IC, LADIC, controls the data to is chosen by the MACE3 using the feedback the lasers, and the supply to them. It performs received.
Page 51
Figure 24 - Servo Block Diagram Servo Circuit Description SPIDRE The SPIDRE (Signal Processing IC for DVD The Servo circuit provides the interface between REwritable) is a multi-purpose analog pre- the Mechanism and The Digital Signal processor IC specifically intended for writing Processing Board.
Page 52
and tilt sensor signal. The HF/RF (EMF) signal varies greatly between disc formats. The Focus Error and Radial Error signals come from the mechanism on the Q1-6 signal paths. The Tilt Error has a Photo Tilt Sensor. The dynamic range of these signals is very large. They are converted to Lower frequency RF data paths that the MACE3 can accommodate.
Page 53
igure 25 - PRE- Processor...
Page 54
Figure 26 - PCS Motor MACE3 Servo Microcomputer generates the control signals for tray control. In a CD/DVD system, there are several active control loops. Some of them are needed to adjust the The MACE3 IC is the Mini All Cd Engine third servo error signals.
Page 55
axial (focus), and tangential directions (Tilt). This The MACE3 uses a Parallel communication bus access system consists of two parts, namely the for access to its Flash ROM. Refer to Figure 29. Focus Actuator and the Sled, which are, within a The Flash Memory contains the firmware for the certain range, mechanically and electrically inde- BE.
Page 56
Figure 29 - MACE3 Circuit...
Page 58
Figure 30 - Wobble Tracks Wobble wobble frequency (817kHz), which ensures that the writing can be started and stopped at an A Pre-groove is stamped on writable discs. All accurately defined position. The writing clock as recordable DVD media types feature a micro- obtained from this groove is very accurate.
Page 59
Encoder/Decoder/HDR65 The spindle-motor interface provides both motor control signals from the demodulator and, in addition, contains a tachometer loop that accepts The Encoder/Decoder has the following func- tachometer pulses from the motor unit. The tions: motor is a standard three phase motor. Motor speed is controlled by the Wobble Processor ·...
Page 60
Figure 31 - Encoder/Decoder...
Page 62
Motor Drivers are amplified and provided to the motor on Pins 12-5 of IC7306. The motor drivers each receive an error or con- Sled Motor Driver trol voltage. There are 6 motor drivers in this THe MACE3 produces the SL control voltage for unit: the Focus Motor Driver, the Radial Motor the driver circuit.
Page 63
Figure 32 - Motor Drivers...
Page 65
Figure 33 - Digital Processor Block...
Page 67
Digital Signal Processor EMI Bus The VSM and the MPEG2 Decoder share a Data Bus called the External Memory Interface, EMI. The EMI contains 4 Megabytes of Flash The Digital Signal Processor has many responsi- EEPROM. The EEPROM contains the Firmware bilities.
Page 68
Figure 34 - Power Clock and Reset of the Digital Signal Processor System Clocks clock and Word clock, AE_BCLK and AE_WCLK. They are sent to the VSM. The System Clocks (27MHz) of the VSM, On/Off EMPRESS, and Progressive Scan circuits are generated by an oscillator, 7906.
Page 71
Video Input Processor Record Mode Analog Video input signals CVBS, YC, and YUV are routed via the Analog Board to connector 1601 on Pins 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22. The signals are sent to IC7500, the Video Input Processor, VIP.
Page 73
Versital Stream Manager The VSM is a buffer and a gateway for the data streams going to and from the Basic Engine, BE, and the rest of the data Processors. It selects which video source is to be sent to the BE for recording.
Page 75
EMPRESS The EMPRESS IC encodes the Digital Video stream into an MPEG2 Video stream that is fed to the VSM. Refer to Figure 38. I 2 S Audio is sent from the Analog Board to IC7403/EMPRESS via connector 1602. The EMPRESS compresses I 2 S Audio data into an AC3 Audio stream that is fed to IC7100 (VSM).
Page 77
MPEG2 Decoder Power On IC7200 participates in the initilazation of the unit. Playback Power up occurs in two stages. 7200 participates During playback, the serial data from the Basic in the second stage. After the Analog board and Engine goes directly to the MPEG2/AC3 the Front Panel Microcomputer check the unit Decoder, IC7200 via the serial Front End I 2 S and pass their tests, the Analog Microcomputer...
Page 79: Progressive Scan
Progressive Scan The progressive scan section is integrated into the Digital Board and built around the SAGE Fli2200 Deinterlacer/Line Doubler (7700). Refer to Figure 40. This I 2 C controlled device uses 64Mbit SDRAM (32bit x 2M) to perform high quality de-interlacing (meshing).
Page 81
D/A Converter The output of 7701 (4:4:4 progressive Video) is fed to the Analog Device, 7801. The RGB output is a current signal fed via a low pass filter to the output Op Amps, 7802 and 7803. The Analog Video, 480P, is fed via a 7 poled flex to the Analog Board.
Page 84
Figure 43 - Analog Board Power circuit Analog Processor Board ISTBY line goes Low, 7329 turns Off. R3336 turns On 7324. This switches 7321 and 7323 The Analog Board controls all analog input/out- put selection, and routing. It houses the System There is also a power fail circuit, which is neces- Control Microcomputer.
Page 85
Power up Microcomputer allows 10 seconds for the UART1 response. If it does not come, the unit goes into 7803 controls power up of the unit. There are sleep mode, and will not accept keyboard input. three layers to the power up sequence. The first layer involves the Analog Board and the Front When the Front Panel Microcomputer receives a Panel.
Page 87
Power Switching The 3.3Vdc and the 5Vdc supplies are switched by the System Control Microcomputer. Refer to Figure 44. The 5Vdc Standby and the unswitched 3.9Vdc are sup- plied to two FETs, 7501 and 7520. 7515, 7511 and 7512 control 7501 and 7520. The -5Vdc Standby, the 33Vdc control voltage, and the 12Vdc regulated supplies are continuously pre- sent on 7515 and 7511.
Page 89
Tuner 1705 The Tuner is capable of receiving 125 channels, and is cable ready. Refer to Figure 45. The RF connections on the back of the unit provide an RF loop through. There is no RF Modulator, as seen in VCRs. The Tuner/Demodulator receives two supply voltages, 33Vdc and SW5Vdc.
Page 91
Audio Demodulator The Sound Processor, 7600, demodulates the Audio and performs A/D and D/A conversion. Refer to Figure 46. The I 2 C bus controls its operation. It uses two power supplies, the 5Vdc and the 8V Switched. IC 7600 has its own oscil- lator on Pins 5 and 6.
Page 93
Video and Audio Routing and 56. Digital Board input and Tuner Audio is routed via 7600 to 7507, Pins 39 and 41. 7507 The A/V I/O switching is controlled by a switch- selects the audio source. ing matrix, 7507. Refer to Figure 47. It is con- trolled via the I 2 C Bus.
Page 94
Figure 49 - Rear Input Selection There are also two SVideo input connection pos- The Audio I/O switching is also controlled by sibilities: Front and Rear SVideo In, which are 7507 via the I 2 C Bus. Analog Audio coming from connected to the input selector IC 7400 and Rear External Inputs 1,2 and External 3 are 7401.
Page 95
Figure 50 - Rear Output Jacks Output Jacks CVBS Out is provided by the 75 Ohm driver 7430. Both CVBS output sockets are connected to 7430 in parallel. Independent of which input signal is being used: CVBS, S-Video, or Y/UV, 7507 supplies SVideo and Y/UV signals to the corresponding sockets.
Page 96
Figure 51 - RGB-Y/UV Conversion The Y/UV In signal is routed directly to the Digital Board; there is no Y/UV IN to Y/UV Out This is accomplished by 7004, Refer to Figure loop through in Standby. Refer to Figure 51. The 52.
Page 98
Figure 53 - Digital Input and Output Jacks on the Analog Board Digital Output The unit provides two Digital Audio output con- nections. One uses a coax output connector, and the other uses a fiberoptic connection. The Digital Audio output signal is gated by 7470 and transformer coupled to connector 1945.
Page 99
Figure 54 - Fan Control Circuit Fan Control age is approximately. 5V and will reach approxi- mately 10V at a temperature of 40°C. The The Fan Control circuit is necessary to control Microcomputer controls the On/Off function of the speed of the cabinet fan, 1984, and the BE the two fans via control line ION_FAN and Fan according to the changes of temperature SW_BE_FAN.
Page 101
Digital Video Input Board DV Decoder The AV data goes from the FIFO to the NW700. The DVIO Module is a decoder for DV streams. It decodes the stream into video data in 656 for- DV from a camcorder, IEEE1394, input stream mat.
Page 106: Troubleshooting
TroubleShooting reset signals for: the DIVIO Board, two of them The Power Supply go to the EMPRESS and one to the BE. The Host Decoder expects a response on the I 2 C This Power Supply operates whenever AC power Bus from: the EMPRESS, the VIP, and both is applied.
Page 107
Check the voltage on the source. It should be a ply is asking for more output, and the problem is few tenths at most. If it is higher, check the on the primary side. source resistors and the FET. It is a good idea anytime the FET is replaced to replace the If the diode portion has a volt or more on it, the source resistors.
Page 108
The Front Panel/ Display Board on the Front Panel, the microcomputer on the Analog Board, and two microcomputers on the Digital Board. If the display is working, the Front Problems on the Front Panel display fall into four Panel should be showing four dashes. This categories: no display function, improper display means the Power up Reset and self check has function, no keyboard function, and no remote...
Page 109
The Digital Board cuitry is in operation as well. The output of the VSM supplying the BE is in the middle of the cir- cuitry on the Digital Board. Check the Digital The Digital Board is central to the recorder's Video stream here.
Page 110
lator. The RF signal merely loops through. Tuner No power up involves the MACE3 operation needs to be checked on the Video Microcomputer. It is the System Control for the Outputs. BE. Like any microcomputer, first check the sup- plies, the Oscillator, and the Reset to the IC. No Tuner Functions Then check for the SUR line.
Page 111
List of Abbreviations +12V +12V Power Supply +2V5_FLI +2V5 Power Supply for FLI +2V5_PLL +2V5 Power Supply for PLL +3V3 +3V3 Power Supply +3V3_ANA +3V3 Power Supply Analog +3V3_DD +3V3 Power Supply Digital +3V3_DLY +3V3 Power Supply for IC7500 +3V3_DV +3V3 Power Supply for IC7404 +3V3_FLI +3V3 Power Supply for FLI...
Page 112
AE_DATAO Audio Encoder Output Data (PCM) Audio Encoder I 2 S word Clock AE_WCLK Audio Encoder I 2 S word Clock to DVIO AE_WCLK_DV Audio Encoder I 2 S word Clock to VSM AE_WCLK_VSM ANA_WE Analog write Enable Decoder ANA_WE_LV Analog write Enable Low Voltage AUD_BCLK Audio Bit Clock...
Page 113
CLK27M 27MHz Clock CLK27M_CON 27MHz Clock to Digital Board CLK27M_DV 27MHz Clock Digital Video Codec CLK27M_OSC\ 27MHz Clock IC7304 CLOCKGENAUD Clock generator Audio CLOCKGENVID Clock generator Video Constant Linear Velocity ComPair Computer aided rePair Cosphi Cosine Position of Hall info CPUINT0 Control processor unit interrupt CPUINT1...
Page 114
DV_HS_IN DVCODEC Horizontal synchronization In DV_HS_OUT DVCODEC Horizontal synchronization Out DV_IN_CLK Digital Video in Clock from DVIO Board DV_IN_DATA (7:0) Digital Video in Data bus from DVIO Board DV_IN_HS Digital Video in horizontal synchronization from DVIO Board DV_IN_VS Digital Video in vertical synchronization from DVIO Board DV_LCN DVCODEC Last Code Interrupt DV_PDN...
Page 115
I 2 S Integrated IC Sound Buss (3.3V High) INITN Initiate Configuration IO (0:30) Data bus of IC7404 Inverted ON: Enable the power Supply for the Digital Board when LOW IRESET_DIG Initialization of the Digital Board, HIGH when power ON ISPN In System Program Line (used for programming IC7203) JTAG3_TCK...
Page 116
SM_WEN SRAM write Enable SMA (17:0) SRAM Address Output SMD (15:0) SRAM Data Input/Output SPDIF Sony Philips Digital Interface for Audio SPIDRE Signal Processing IC for DVD REwritable SRAM Static Random Access Memory SRAMCE0N SRAM processor chip Enable 0 SRAMRDN...
Page 117
SVCD Super Video CD Subcode Tacking information/Track number/and disc location information SYSCLK_EMPRESS System Clock EMPRESS SYSCLK_PROGSCAN System Clock Progressive Scan Boundary scan Test Clock Boundary scan Test Data Input Boundary scan Test Data Output TDO_CONF Boundary scan Test Data Output from IC 7309 Track Loss signal Boundary scan Test Mode Select Track Position Indicator...
Page 118
VIP_HS Video Input Processor horizontal synchronization VIP_ICLK Video Input Processor Input Clock VIP_IDQ Video Input Processor Output Data qualifier VIP_IGP1 Video Input Processor Input general purpose 1 VIP_INT Video Input Processor interrupt VIP_RTS1 Video Input Processor ready to send VIP_VS Video Input Processor vertical synchronization VIP_YUV (7:0) Video Input Processor Digital Video (CCIR 656)
Page 119
Written by Dan Crum Version 6.5...
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In the first month of her hurry and flurry Mrs. Arkwright was a happy woman. She would see her mother again and her sisters. It was now four years since she had left them on the quay at Southampton, while all their hearts were broken at the parting. She was a young bride then, going forth with her new lord to meet the stern world.
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text: Alpha updates? Jul 19, 2017 20:04:51 GMT -5 Select PostDeselect PostLink to PostMemberGive GiftBack to Top Post by kioshi on Jul 19, 2017 20:04:51 GMT -5 Will there be any updates for the alpha version or do we have to wait tell the beta for any updates? Also if anyone knows if there will what will be in it?


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Need help adding facebook pixel on ad performance tracking -- 2
Budget $10-30 USD
I created a new pixel on fb and installed the code on my website. the pixel is active.
but when i create my ad, under tracking section, that pixel is not showing as option.
wondering if someone could help
Décerné à:
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Malachite Egg. Katanga Copper Crescent. Katanga. Democratic Republic of Congo. 2.20 x 1.80 inches (5.58 x 4.57 cm). ...Click the image to load the highest resolution version.
DescriptionMalachite Egg
Katanga Copper Crescent
Democratic Republic of Congo
2.20 x 1.80 inches (5.58 x 4.57 cm)
This singular Malachite egg has a check mark for just about every quality. The size is good, and the shape is great. The carving has both light and dark green hues, as well as intricate banding and patterning. This smooth rock is solid and surprisingly heavy to boot. The secondary Copper is not second to any this time.
[Scale: 1 inch, with mark at 1 cm]
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text: Bitcoin or Business? I've made a lot of money this past year from cryptocurrencies. It has not taken any skill whatsoever to do this. However, it has taken timing… and capital. I had to have money available, money I could afford to lose, and I had to invest this... Read more


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Located in the exclusive East Qurater Apartments, This Two Bedroom Modern apartment offers a spacious open plan living set off an oversized balcony area the fronts all the living and kitchen area.
With two large bedrooms with built ins in both as well as an ensuite in the main. Both rooms are carpeted with timber floor boards in the living area.
The apartment has a security car space and is
102 other 2 bedroom unit in Hurstville have recently been sold.
HT Wills Real Estate St George


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Catoosa, OK Homeowners Insurance
Get cheap home insurance in Catoosa, OK within minutes. Enter your Zip and we will locate the top-recommended home insurance carriers in your area. Homeowners insurance in Rogers doesn't have to be expensive. If you shop with us, you can compare multiple options and save hundreds of dollars on your annual premium.Your home is one of the biggest investments that you will ever make. If you want to protect that investment, you will want to make sure your home is properly insured.
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Sunday Restaurant Specials
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|Network Description
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|Pittsburgh, PA - CBS (KDKA)
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Hey, help me out – click the Speak Balloon shown above – was it easy to leave a comment? – I am working on that part of the blog. Thanks
To me, small community means living near nature – and rain is nature:
"A River Runs Through It" My driveway, is made of gravel, leads up from the township road – the township road now has a lot of my gravel on it!! – at the delta of the DRIVEWAY river. U see, nature will keep me from getting bored here by the Bay – I will spend hours fixing this driveway!
Last night, I stood in front of our windows – one overlooking the bay and one overlooking the woods — marveled at the beautiful storm – pouring rain and lightening flashes — loved it. You see, I love weather!!!
Why does dog Dyna hide in the shower (or under anything available) when there is thunder within 50 miles? Grandma reminded me of what I did on Oct 12, 2001. Dyna and I sat on our front porch over looking the Pedernales River Vally -on our ranch in Texas. The river was 2 1/2 mile away – storm much worse then last night's – it was beautiful – then a bolt of lightening struck a tree in our pasture – much closer then 2 1/2 miles away — startled me so much that I think I jumped a foot off of my front porch swing
— But poor height challenged Dyna jumped so high we were looking eye to eye. — that might be a little editorial licence — but that bolt sure scared the h… out of Dyna . To my daughter and Grand children who deal with Dyna in their shower when it thunders – you now know my version of the story as to why she hides!
Oh, while Dyna and I were mid-air – a category 3 tornado ripped thru Stonewall – by the river 2 1/2 miles away wiping out a 300 foot swath the length of the village of Stonewall! – a lot of days of small community coming together to help in the cleanup.
In the small communities I have lived in, we were near nature – woods, forest, hill country, oceans, big lakes, swamps, etc – where we share space with squirrels, mink, river otters, deer, bear, snakes, and many animals including ferrel cats "A domestic cat that that turns to the wild — and maybe back again"
The link I left you yesterday – told of a flying squirrel's tail. My friend has an ex ferrel cat that sneaks off into the woods at night and returns with gifts for my friends. After some research we determined Saturday's gift was the tail of a flying squirrel — I always hate to see my friend be so sad when we know that the cat's gift was at the expense of a life — but I told her smile – a life may have been spared for Saturday's gift:
"The tail is passively employed in escaping the grasp of a predator's teeth or talons. Flying squirrels have "break-away" tails. Should a predator attack and grab a flyer's tail, escape is possible, if only at the cost of part of its tail, not its life. The sight of a wild flying squirrel with half a tail is not an uncommon sight. The affected squirrel makes adjustments to this loss and can live a normal life afterwards". from http://www.flyingsquirrels.com


text: Almost every job-seeker is familiar with the importance of a resume in applying to jobs and landing interviews. However, the concept of a tailored resume has become lost to a large extent. Many people fail to develop resumes that speak not only to their experience, but to their personal set of skills and areas of… Read more »


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As one of Canada's Top Psychic Mediums, Mary-Anne's practice includes limited private Mediumship Readings, Spiritual Guidance, Classes and Workshops, Energy Healing and Clearing, Soul-Based Counselling, and Media/Production consultations related metaphysical and spiritual content. Mary-Anne also demonstrates public mediumship at specials events & appearances, and she is also the author of the book "How to Become a Medium: A Step-by-Step Guide to Connecting with the Other Side".
In 1908 at a hotel in Naples, the psychical researchers W. W. Baggally, Hereward Carrington and Everard Feilding attended a series of séances with Eusapia Palladino. In a report they claimed that genuine supernatural activity had occurred in the séances, this report became known as the Feilding report.[109] In 1910, Feilding returned to Naples, but this time accompanied with the magician William S. Marriott. Unlike the 1908 sittings, Feilding and Marriott detected her cheating, just as she had done in America. Her deceptions were obvious. Palladino evaded control and was caught moving objects with her foot, shaking the curtain with her hands, moving the cabinet table with her elbow and touching the séance sitters. Milbourne Christopher wrote regarding the exposure "when one knows how a feat can be done and what to look for, only the most skillful performer can maintain the illusion in the face of such informed scrutiny."[110]
Let's say you want to find a new romantic relationship. Instead of pulling a card to predict whether Prince Charming is just around the corner and either being blissfully excited or bitterly disappointed, you consult the cards to discover how you can attract love (and keep it!). You draw the Ten of Cups, and upon seeing the happy family dancing under the rainbow in the card, you are reminded that to attract love, you need to set a clear vision of what it is you want to attract.
Minister, Medium & Clairvoyant, Business Psychic, Metaphysician, Healer, Medical Intuitive & Animal Intuitive. I am an ordained Spiritualist Minister, a medium and a clairvoyant. I am also a Certified Metaphysician, a Reiki Master, a medical intuitive, an animal intuitive and a business psychic. My mediumship training is primarily in Lily Dale, New York, the North American home of Spiritualism. I am based in Ontario, Canada. Although
After drawing your cards, revisit your initial question to ensure that it has been addressed properly. A good tarot guide can help you interpret the images you see on the tarot cards, but there's really no substitute for personal reflection. As with any skill, practice makes perfect, so use this tarot tool often (daily, if possible), or order a set of Astrology Answers Master Deck Tarot Cards and practice at home!
^ God's World: A Treatise on Spiritualism Founded on Transcripts of Shorthand Notes Taken Down, Over a Period of Five Years, in the Seance-Room of the William T. Stead Memorial Center (a Religious Body Incorporated Under the Statutes of the State of Illinois), Mrs. Cecil M. Cook, Medium and Pastor. Compiled and Written by Lloyd Kenyon Jones. Chicago, Ill.: The William T. Stead Memorial Center, 1919.
In 1930 the Polish medium Stanisława P. was tested at the Institut Metapsychique in Paris. French psychical researcher Eugéne Osty suspected in the séance that Stanislawa had freed her hand from control. Secret flashlight photographs that were taken revealed that her hand was free and she had moved objects on the séance table.[146] It was claimed by spiritualists that during a series of séances in 1930 the medium Eileen J. Garrett channeled secret information from the spirit of the Lieutenant Herbert Carmichael Irwin who had died in the R101 crash a few days before the séance. Researcher Melvin Harris who studied the case wrote that the information described in Garrett's séances were "either commonplace, easily absorbed bits and pieces, or plain gobblede-gook. The so-called secret information just doesn't exist."[147]
Love & relationship psychic readings can be used during any stage of a relationship. You do not have to be married or in a committed, long-term relationship in order to gain insight from a love-oriented psychic reading. Some people are surprised to learn that you can even talk with a love psychic guide when you are single to see if romance is just around the corner. You can ask for love advice before you officially start something with a potential partner. A quick reading before heading out on a first date can give you a picture of what the evening has in store for you as you meet and get to know this other person. Established couples can benefit from readings as well. You can ask for love & relationship advice whether you're experiencing anxiety or relationship problems due to challenging times or if your romance status is happy, stable, and in tip-top shape.
She invited me to her apartment in Brooklyn. When I got to the brownstone-lined street, I found my final destination: a beautiful old converted hospital building that was positively witchy. After I was buzzed in and made my way to the correct floor, I was greeted by a small dog in the hallway that led me exactly to where I needed to be. Mama Donna was waiting by the door, and invited me to sit on her pink floral couch in front of a wicker table. Her pup, Poppy, hopped onto my lap and we began the reading.
Sometimes a person seeking at a crossroads encounters a rare individual with unusual knowledge: cards, palms, dice, crystal balls, tea leaves. You wouldn't be here now if you weren't at a crossroads. What if you're on the verge of some great discovery? There is no such thing as coincidence. Only inevitability. Call me for a reading now and reclaim what you might have missed.
The ancestors of what we today know as Tarot cards can be traced back to around the late fourteenth century. Artists in Europe created the first playing cards, which were used for games, and featured four different suits. These suits were similar to what we still use today – staves or wands, discs or coins, cups, and swords. After a decade or two of using these, in the mid-1400s, Italian artists began painting additional cards, heavily illustrated, to add into the existing suits.
Hi, My name is Tara Arnold. I am a Conscious/ Trance Channel Medium, which means I can be in deep trance and conscious at the same time. When I am doing this the right brain and left brain work together to translate light language into English. The spirit guide blends their energies with mine so they can use my voice box, hand movements, body etc to translate their messages. The deeper I go into trance the more of their personality is present. If interested in viewing my Conscious / Trance Channelling videos Visit my you tube page -Channelling St. Germain-Tara Arnold
*New customer offer and free Guide to Psychic Readings valid for first time customers who have never made a Psychic Source purchase. Up to 3 minutes of your first paid psychic reading are free. Free minutes have no cash value and are not available to customers who have previously received a free trial of the service. Promotional offers for free psychic readings are only valid for advisors whose introductory rate is $1.00/minute and are not valid on Video psychic readings. Some exclusions apply. ©2019 Psychic Source. All rights reserved. For entertainment only. 18+
Brigit Esselmont is the author of the #1 Amazon best-selling books the Ultimate Guide to Tarot Card Meanings and the Biddy Tarot Planner, and the brand new book and Tarot deck, Everyday Tarot. A professional Tarot reader for more than 20 years, Brigit founded Biddy Tarot in 1999, where each year more than 4.5 million people (like you!) are inspired to live more mindful and enlightened lives, using the Tarot as a guide.
She continued to flip cards, and I continued to get more royal and major arcana cards. "The major arcana cards is all of the above. So those are weightier. I can't say they're more important, but they affect more of your being than just one card or another." The card meant to symbolize my "past" was the Sun, which was meant to show I've previously had to learn the lesson that I need to accept love and find happiness in even the darkest of times. Mama Donna then brought the reading back to my current situation cards, telling me that they're the new lessons I need to tackle.
If what the psychic medium says doesn't make sense to you, just say you don't know or don't understand what they are talking about. Don't try to make it fit! If the psychic medium asks if you had a dog named Freckles, don't say, "I had a cat named Mittens!" Don't try to make the message fit if it doesn't. The psychic medium will figure out what the message means without you interpreting it yourself.
My sister and I both realized our gifts and then discovered from speaking with our father that his father's brother was an acknowledged psychic in Rome, Italy. And then I also realized I could read hands and what I would see would surprise everyone and what I would predict would happen. I was really surprised at what I was able to read off the hands of my friends.
"I don't usually get spirit messages. I just don't. But one day I was sitting with a friend, and all of a sudden, clear as day, I knew I had to tell her that her grandmother wanted her to go home. I told her, and she said that all her grandparents were dead. She called home anyway, to make sure everything was okay, and found out that her sister had been hurt at work and was on her way to an emergency room. I have no idea why my friend's grandmother chose me to pass this message along, and it's never happened since."
The British journalist Ruth Brandon published the book The Spiritualists (1983) which exposed the fraud of the Victorian mediums.[5] The book received positive reviews and has been influential to skeptics of spiritualism.[176] The British apport medium Paul McElhoney was exposed as a fraud during a séance in Osset, Yorkshire in 1983. The tape recorder that McElhoney took to his séances was investigated and a black tape was discovered bound around the battery compartment and inside carnation flowers were found as well as a key-ring torch and other objects.[177]
Love is for many people the most important thing in life. Love and relationships bring happiness and security and gives life a greater meaning. We spend a lot of time thinking about meeting our soul mate and when we will find love. For many people who are lonely, finding love is the key to stopping the loneliness and the greatest goal becomes having a happy relationship with someone. But what happens when love and relationships run less smooth or you ...
Paired with an understanding of what's happening in the stars, tarot cards can reveal that extra bit of magic that's key to understanding the big picture. Tarot decks vary, widely, and it's our goal to bring you the best in modern and classic interpretations of the tarot major arcana. Whether you are just beginning to experiment or a veteran of tarot, meaning can be found in the most unexpected places. And, if you want to go deeper, check out an in-depth tarot reading from one of our experts.
In 2013 Rose Marks and members of her family were convicted of fraud for a series of crimes spanning 20 years entailing between $20 and $45 million. They told vulnerable clients that to solve their problems they had to give the purported psychics money and valuables. Marks and family promised to return the cash and goods after "cleansing" them. Prosecutors established they had no intent to return the property.[196][197][198]
Maryne Hachey is an Angel Therapist®, Psychic Medium, Author, Intuitive Healer, Mediator, Spiritual Teacher, Spiritual Guide and International Radio Show Host. Maryne Hachey communicates with your Angels and Guides to receive Divine guidance for all aspects of your life. She channels messages of love from God, the Angelic and Ascended Master realms, deceased loved ones and pets. Changing patterns in our life can be difficult, and sometimes ev
Love & relationship psychic readings can be used during any stage of a relationship. You do not have to be married or in a committed, long-term relationship in order to gain insight from a love-oriented psychic reading. Some people are surprised to learn that you can even talk with a love psychic guide when you are single to see if romance is just around the corner. You can ask for love advice before you officially start something with a potential partner. A quick reading before heading out on a first date can give you a picture of what the evening has in store for you as you meet and get to know this other person. Established couples can benefit from readings as well. You can ask for love & relationship advice whether you're experiencing anxiety or relationship problems due to challenging times or if your romance status is happy, stable, and in tip-top shape.
But here's the interesting part: the writing samples produced were analyzed and it was found that the complexity scores for the psychographed content were higher than those for the control writing across the board. In particular, the more experienced mediums showed higher complexity scores, which typically would require more activity in the frontal and temporal lobes--but that's precisely the opposite of what was observed.
Hi, My name is Tara Arnold. I am a Conscious/ Trance Channel Medium, which means I can be in deep trance and conscious at the same time. When I am doing this the right brain and left brain work together to translate light language into English. The spirit guide blends their energies with mine so they can use my voice box, hand movements, body etc to translate their messages. The deeper I go into trance the more of their personality is present. If interested in viewing my Conscious / Trance Channelling videos Visit my you tube page -Channelling St. Germain-Tara Arnold
When I am writing and channeling simultaneously, I am very much 'in the zone', but far from unconscious. I would describe it more as being in an altered state of consciousness, rather than a 'trance'. To get into this state I simply put my receptive right brain in the drivers seat and my rational left brain in the passenger seat. There are times when I give my rational mind permission to ask a question (which is usually answered) but, for the most part it is a passive observer of the process. I find it is important not to judge any of the material I'm channeling. I read it with my left brain filter after the channeling has finished.
The Tarot is probably one of the most popularly used tools of divination in the world today. While not as simple as some other methods, like pendulums or tea leaves, the Tarot has drawn people into its magic for centuries. Today, cards are available to purchase in hundreds of different designs. There is a Tarot deck for just about any practitioner, no matter where his or her interests may lie. Whether you're a fan of Lord of the Rings or baseball, whether you love zombies or are interested in the writings of Jane Austen, you name it, there's probably a deck out there for you to choose.
Why A Spiritual Reading with Keen? Are you in need of spiritual healing? Are you looking for the strength within to overcome obstacles in your life? Keen has been a trusted source for online spiritual readings since 1999. If you are searching for something deeper and more meaningful in your life, talk to a spiritual psychic about ways you can grow. This advice can include energy clearings, chakra cleansing and balancing, reiki, aura cleansings, and pendulum readings. From spiritual guidance and visualization to astral projection and prayer, advisors on Keen can help you step out of the depths of emptiness and rediscover the radiant spirit residing in your soul. Call a Keen spiritual advisor to start developing a new connection to peace and happiness.
The tarot (/ˈtæroʊ/; first known as trionfi and later as tarocchi, tarock and tarot) is a pack of playing cards, used from the mid-15th century in various parts of Europe to play games such as Italian tarocchini, French tarot and Austrian Königrufen. Many of these tarot card games are still played today. In the late 18th century, some Tarot packs began to be used in parallel for divination in the form of tarotology and cartomancy and, later, specialist packs were developed for such occult purposes.
When you ask the Tarot cards a question on behalf of someone else (who has given permission for the reading and whose energy is invested in the reading), you are tapping into this collective wisdom. You are picking up all sorts of intuitive messages through the Tarot cards and through your connection with the collective wisdom. And those insights are channeled through you to the person you're reading for, often in a very powerful way.
"Have a little fun with friends," she told INSIDER. "Before going out one night, pull three cards with the intention of the cards giving you some forewarning about the evening. Let it be fun and easy and involve everyone! You can even ask, 'what happens if we go to this spot or this one?' Let the cards decide your night and see if they gave good advice!"


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Belly fat is something that makes you look really bad and it is also very unhealthy. A sedentary lifestyle and wrong food choices are responsible for belly fat. However, not to worry, you can always do some core strengthening exercises to get the desired washboard abs. Here are some expert tips to show you the way to shed those extra pounds from your belly.
Face it, if you want to lose weight over the long haul, your best bet is to make sustainable, long-term lifestyle changes like the nine simple ones this woman made to shed 45 pounds and keep them off. But sometimes life comes at you fast and you need a fast solution. One smart lifestyle change is to eat plenty of veggies—especially for someone looking to lose weight. Vegetables are nutrient-packed and provide plenty of filling fiber with hardly any calories. Plus, non-starchy veggies have a high water content, so they hydrate you while filling you up—the perfect combination for weight loss.
Also known as branch chain amino acids. BCAAs are three amino acids known as Leucine, Valine and Iso-Leucine. They help prevent muscle breakdown and can be bought as yummy flavoured powders to use in place as sports drinks. Drink them during your workout instead of water as they will help you tone up as you lose that belly and may even help in the formation of abdominal muscle.
High-volume, low-calorie greens will fill you up, without filling you out. Test panelist Kyle Cambridge says regular salads turbocharged his success: "My wife Stacie and I decided to add salad to each meal, and the pounds started melting off." Kyle lost 25 pounds and four inches in just six weeks on the program. "I even had to buy a new belt!" he said. "But the best was when Stacie came up to me in the kitchen, and gave me a hug. She laughed and smiled and said 'I can wrap my hands around you again.'"
"Anytime you're stressed, you probably go for food," Dr. Seltzer says. (Have we met?!) That's because cortisol, the stress hormone, stokes your appetite for sugary, fatty foods. No wonder it's associated with higher body weight, according to a 2007 Obesity study that quantified chronic stress exposure by looking at cortisol concentrations in more than 2,000 adults' hair.
Fermented foods: These enhance the function of good bacteria while inhibiting the growth of bad bacteria. Sauerkraut, kimchi, kefir, yogurt, tempeh, and miso all contain good amounts of probiotics, which help to increase good bacteria. Researchers have studied kimchi widely, and study results suggest that it has anti-obesity effects. Similarly, studies have shown that kefir may help to promote weight loss in overweight women.
Plain and simple: We just don't feel full by liquid calories in quite the same way as we do real food. Drinking a juice or caramel coffee drink, for instance, won't make you feel full the way eating a bowl of veggie- and protein-packed stir-fry will. So monitor your intake of juice, soda, sweetened coffee and tea, and alcoholic beverages. If you consume each of those beverages during the day, you'll have taken in at least 800 extra calories by nighttime — and you'll still be hungry. (Incidentally, alcohol may suppress the metabolism of fat, making it tougher for you to burn those calories.) Some other ways to skip sugar? Check 'em out here.
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In other words? "Drinking makes you more likely to eat sh*t," Dr. Seltzer says, referring to drunk foods. At the same time, he stops short of asking patients to quit alcohol cold-turkey to lose weight. Plus, research suggests you don't have to, as long as your intake is moderate—i.e., less than about a drink a day. "If you drink a glass of wine every night and notice you eat more afterward, eat less early to account for this," he says. "Or, if you're drinking four glasses of wine a week, drink three instead so you'll won't feel such a big difference."
Your parents weren't kidding about how important veggies are for a healthy body. What they probably didn't tell you, however, was that snacking on veggies is also one of the easiest ways to shed unwanted belly fat, too. According to a study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, opting for non-starchy veggies, like cauliflower, broccoli, and cucumber, as snacks helped overweight kids shed 17 percent of their visceral fat while improving their insulin sensitivity over a five-year period. Think snacking on veggies will leave you hungry? The 20 Most Filling Fruits and Veggies will have your belly satisfied in no time.
Belly fat is something that makes you look really bad and it is also very unhealthy. A sedentary lifestyle and wrong food choices are responsible for belly fat. However, not to worry, you can always do some core strengthening exercises to get the desired washboard abs. Here are some expert tips to show you the way to shed those extra pounds from your belly.
A University of Michigan study found that lab rats who nommed on a diet enriched with powdered blueberries had less abdominal fat after 90 days than rats who ate a standard diet. The researchers suspected that blueberries are so good at targeting belly fat because of their high levels of phytochemicals, a naturally occurring antioxidant. FYI, blueberries are also an excellent source of fibre.
2. Decline Bench Sit Up Ceiling Touches: This great exercise works on your shoulder, abs and lower back. Sit on the bench with the weight on your lap. As you move backwards, lock your arms and raise the weight above your body. Touch your back to the bench and use your abs to sit up. As you sit up you should keep your arms and weight pointed to the ceiling.
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Have you ever decided to skip a meal to cut back on your daily calorie count? Despite saving a few calories in the moment, this strategy almost always backfires. When you skip breakfast, or any meal, you'll begin to experience excessive hunger that can lead to craving unhealthy foods—and lots of them. You may also eat faster than you normally do after skipping a meal, causing you to miss the warning signs that you're full and resulting in overeating.
What can I eat on a no-carb diet? Many people reduce carbohydrate intake to help them lose weight. Carbohydrates are important macronutrients, but cutting them can help people to lose weight by making it possible to reduce calories and improve feelings of fullness. Alternatives to carbs can make it easier to stick to a low-carb diet. Learn more here. Read now
HIIT stands for high intensity interval training, and it's a great way to build muscle without spending hours in the gym. The idea is to go all out for a short period of time, followed by a slower pace that allows you to recover. Think of jogging or sprinting all out for 30 seconds, followed by a minute or two of rest, then repeat. Short bursts of high-intensity exercises keep your heart rate up while adding lean muscle. More muscle mass equals calories burned on a daily basis. Also, the more lean muscle you have, the higher your metabolism is.
This content is accurate and true to the best of the author's knowledge and does not substitute for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, prescription, and/or dietary advice from a licensed health professional. Drugs, supplements, and natural remedies may have dangerous side effects. If pregnant or nursing, consult with a qualified provider on an individual basis. Seek immediate help if you are experiencing a medical emergency.
"I love when my clients have an event that they are wanting to feel great by," says Clark. "Establishing a timeline is so important. Otherwise, the urgency is lacking. Losing weight is 75 percent feeling motivated and 25 percent actually having the right plan. If I'm being honest, there's a lot of good dieting info all over the Internet. The trouble is actually staying motivated."
This drug is an injected variant of a satiety hormone called GLP-1. It slows down how quickly the stomach empties and tells the brain that you don't need to eat yet – a great idea for losing weight. As a bonus this drug works fine while one is on the keto diet and it works even better with intermittent fasting – for a rapid weight loss with no hunger.
Sometimes, to whip your body into shape, you have to get a little nutty. While nuts are high in fat, it's that very fat that makes them such powerful weapons in the war against a ballooning belly. In fact, research from Reina Sofia University Hospital reveals that study participants who consumed a diet rich in monounsaturated fats, like those in nuts, over a 28-day period gained less belly fat than their saturated fat-consuming counterparts while improving their insulin sensitivity.
3. Exercise Ball Crunch: This is one of the most effective ways to strengthen and flatten abs. Studies show this exercise is 40% more effective than regular ab crunches as it targets smaller muscles for flat toned abs including the oblique's for a small waist and the outermost muscles that your typical ab crunch may miss. To begin, lie down on the ball positioning it under the lower back. Place arms behind your head. Tighten your abs as you lift your torso off the ball while keeping the ball stable. Lower back down and repeat 15 times with 1-3 sets.
Naturally sweet recipes in Zero Belly Diet were the key to test panelist Isabel Fiolek's dramatic 13-pound weight loss. "I happen to have a big sugar addiction," Isabel admits, "But the recipes have been surprisingly satisfying for my sweet tooth." Isabel also made dramatic health strides: A checkup after her six weeks on Zero Belly Diet revealed she'd dropped her total cholesterol by 25 percent and her blood glucose level by 10 percent.
Make sure that everything you're eating is whole — as in nothing processed or packaged. Since salt is a preservative, these are the foods that are highest in sodium — something to keep in mind when planning your meals. Plan on making sure that all items you choose are fresh. That means filling up on fresh fruits and veggies, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and lean protein.
Here's something else most people probably don't know: Fidgeting is good for you. It's considered a nonexercise physical activity, and it's an important way to burn energy. You get more health benefits if, in addition to exercising, you are a more fidgety, more active person the rest of the day. This means gesturing while you're talking, tapping your foot, just moving around.
Although it may be tempting to look for a quick fix for your weight loss woes, it's important to avoid fad diets to lose weight fast. According to a recent study from the University of Exeter and Bristol, yo-yo dieting may actually sabotage your weight loss goals because the brain interprets these diets as short famines. Instead of losing weight fast, they cause your body to fire signals to your brain to store more fat for future shortages, unintentionally derailing your attempts to drop those last ten pounds.
Spending more time in the kitchen can help you shed belly fat, as long as you're cooking with the right foods, according to one 2017 study. After analyzing data from more than 11,000 men and women, UK researchers found that people who ate more than five homemade meals per week were 28 percent less likely to have a high body mass index, and 24 percent less likely to carry too much body fat than those whole only downed three meals at home.
"One of the hardest parts of losing weight is maintaining the lifestyle changes you've made. It's difficult to stay motivated all the time, especially if you've slipped up along the way. But don't let this affect your end goal. If you're feeling particularly unmotivated, ask a friend to join you for your workout and then afterwards cook something healthy for dinner together."
As said before, measuring your waist with the tape is the easiest way to check belly fat. Measure your torso at the level of your navel. As per the official guidelines, measure your abdomen from just above the hip bone or the iliac crest, just where it intersects the line dropping down from the middle of the right armpit. Breathe normally while taking the measurement, and don't hold the measuring tape too tight against the skin. Those with a waist size more than 33 inches are at risk of developing chronic heart disease.
This could be because the body increases insulin secretion in anticipation that sugar will appear in the blood. When this doesn't happen, blood sugar drops and hunger increases. Whether this chain of events regularly takes place is somewhat unclear. Something odd happened when I tested Pepsi Max though, and there are well-designed studies showing increased insulin when using artificial sweeteners.
You might have heard the term 'middle-age spread'. This means, as women progress towards their middle years, the ratio of body fat increases compared to the body weight. During menopause, when the levels of estrogen go down, and the amount of androgens or male hormones increase, then there is an increased risk of fat accumulation in the waist. Hormones actually regulate the fat concentration in the body, and your figure depends entirely on it!
Have you been consistent with workouts but haven't gotten the results you were hoping for? Your low-key resolution is to change up your workout. Commit to the same number of workouts per week, but make these workouts completely different. If you've been going to yoga three times a week, go to a cycling class instead. Or if you're walking on the treadmill every day, move over to the recumbent bike instead. By sparking a change in your routine, your muscles will be forced to work differently and hopefully you'll begin to see the results you've been hoping for!


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Sandy Christmas Suunto Friends!
No one knows where you are...just run!
Midnight halfway!
Rocket Barn?
Plentiful Rest Stops!
Wright Bros started w a bike!
Easy run to Barnes & Noble
Some jagged rocks and creek crossing were slow-go
Potomac Heritage Trail on Virginia side of Potomac River
Mt Vernon MUT
C&O Canal Tow Path and Bike Trail on Maryland side of Potomac 3miles N of Georgetown
Movescount.com - sports community where every Move counts.


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Mont Blanc Construction Inc
575 Jennifer Cir Mundelein, Illinois 60060(847) 736-8795
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AboutMont Blanc Construction Inc is located at the address 575 Jennifer Cir in Mundelein, Illinois 60060. They can be contacted via phone at (847) 736-8795 for pricing, hours and directions.
For maps and directions to Mont Blanc Construction Inc view the map to the right. For reviews of Mont Blanc Construction Inc see below.
Phone: (847) 736-8795
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Facebook Profit Slumps On Set-aside For Big US Fine.
Tesla's $700M Q1 Net Loss Much Larger Than Expected.
Crisis-hit Nissan Issues Fresh Profit Warning.
Twitter Triples Profits, Global User Base Rises.
Tim Cook Says 'We Don't Want People Using Their Phone All The Time.' That's Total BS
Deng was born in Khartoum in the Sudan. She escaped the Second Sudanese Civil War with her parents and immigrated to San Antonio, Texas. She arrived...


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Great service, beautiful surroundings, amazing food. Thank you Il Borro staff for an amazing Tuscany experience.
Really enjoyed our stay at Fontabussi Beautiful food enjoyed our dining at the restaurant all staff across the board very helpful and pleasant ! We would definately love to come back again .
Tutto perfetto oltre al fatto che l' appartamento è molto carino.....siamo andati con il nostro cucciolo e non abbiamo avuto nessun tipo di problema....i proprietari sono molto gentili e disponibili....se dovessimo rivalutare in zona di sicuro torneremo qui
I den smukke natur tæt på Chianti vindistriktet ligger dette familieejet og familiedrevet hotel. Naturen der omkranser stedet oser af lokal atmosfære, dufter af oliventræer og floden der skærer igennem den lille by blot 5 minutters gang fra hotellet er ganske spektakulær. Hotellet ligger op af floden, ...
Valeria, the hotel manager was lovely and very accommodating. She was in touch with me at every step to ensure she would be there for my arrival, which was great as I was traveling solo. The room was lovely with an open stone Etruscan wall. The bed was comfortable, the towels were soft. Plenty of ...
Full-size, one bedroom apartment in a modern building close to the train station. It's next to the railroad tracks, but only 2-3 trains came through at night – after the first night we didn't notice them (stayed there 4 nights). Nice, helpful manager.
Arrivato la sera, mi hanno detto che erano chiusi da una settimana. Hanno fatto un letto, ma le pulizie no.... immaginate il bagno e l'angolo cucina. Scappato la mattina
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Hyundai Elantra SE
Get excited about the 2019 Hyundai Elantra. This 4 door, 5 passenger sedan is ready to drive off the showroom floor! Smooth gearshifts are achieved thanks to the 2 liter 4 cylinder engine, and for added security, dynamic Stability Control supplements the drivetrain. Hyundai prioritized fit and finish as evidenced by: delay-off headlights, a trip computer, an outside temperature display, front bucket seats, power door mirrors, an overhead console, and remote keyless entry. Audio features include an AM/FM radio, steering wheel mounted audio controls, and 6 speakers, enhancing the audio experience throughout the interior. With side curtain airbags supplementing the rest of the safety network, you can be assured that you and your passengers will experience top-tier protection. We have a skilled and knowledgeable sales staff with many years of experience satisfying our customers needs. We'd be happy to answer any questions that you may have. Please don't hesitate to give us a call.